PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	compound_name	comp_offset	prot_official_name	organism	prot_offset
2515604-1	1989	The elimination of native and carbohydrate-modified tissue type plasminogen activator (t-PA) after an i.v.	Carbohydrates	30-42	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	87-91
2689445-8	1989	These studies demonstrate that the carbohydrate regulation of mRNA-S14 is due to a synergistic interaction between fructose and glucose reflected in the hepatic pyruvate content and leading to the induction of the nuclear precursor with an associated increase in transcriptional activity of the S14 gene.	Carbohydrates	35-47	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	67-70
2689445-8	1989	These studies demonstrate that the carbohydrate regulation of mRNA-S14 is due to a synergistic interaction between fructose and glucose reflected in the hepatic pyruvate content and leading to the induction of the nuclear precursor with an associated increase in transcriptional activity of the S14 gene.	Carbohydrates	35-47	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	295-298
2689445-1	1989	We have examined the mechanism of the carbohydrate induction of rat hepatic mRNA-S14 to the intragastric administration of sucrose and its constituent hexoses, fructose and glucose.	Carbohydrates	38-50	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	81-84
2515604-3	1989	t-PA with a low content of mannose (man-t-PA) was obtained by treatment with alpha-mannosidase, which cleaves terminal mannose from the carbohydrate side chains of the molecule.	Carbohydrates	136-148	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	0-4
2515604-3	1989	t-PA with a low content of mannose (man-t-PA) was obtained by treatment with alpha-mannosidase, which cleaves terminal mannose from the carbohydrate side chains of the molecule.	Carbohydrates	136-148	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	40-44
2515604-6	1989	A biphasic mode of elimination of the fibrinolytic activity as well as the radioactivity was found with both the native and the carbohydrate modified t-PA.	Carbohydrates	128-140	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	150-154
2592374-5	1989	Carbohydrate mapping by mass spectrometry was used to establish that both potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites in sCD4 (Asn271 and Asn300) have oligosaccharides attached.	Carbohydrates	0-12	stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 4	Mus musculus	118-122
2690958-10	1989	In normal metabolism, amylin could act in concert with insulin as a signal for the body to switch the site of carbohydrate disposal from glycogen to longer-term stores in adipose tissue, by making skeletal muscle relatively insulin-resistant, whilst at the same time leaving rates of insulin-stimulated carbohydrate metabolism in adipose tissue unaltered.	Carbohydrates	110-122	insulin	Homo sapiens	55-62
2690958-10	1989	In normal metabolism, amylin could act in concert with insulin as a signal for the body to switch the site of carbohydrate disposal from glycogen to longer-term stores in adipose tissue, by making skeletal muscle relatively insulin-resistant, whilst at the same time leaving rates of insulin-stimulated carbohydrate metabolism in adipose tissue unaltered.	Carbohydrates	303-315	insulin	Homo sapiens	55-62
2596425-0	1989	Metabolic effects of a single administration of growth hormone on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in normal-weight and obese subjects.	Carbohydrates	76-88	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	48-62
2637092-12	1989	The results of this study support the previously-advanced idea that winter might precipitate overt carbohydrate intolerance in individuals in whom insulin cell destruction is already well established (Diabetes, 36, 265-268, 1987).	Carbohydrates	99-111	insulin	Homo sapiens	147-154
2633803-1	1989	Chemical modification of different amino acid residues and the carbohydrate moiety of antibodies to carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) was used to elucidate their role in the interaction with CEA and to evaluate the effect of antibody modification and steric factor in immunosorbent synthesis.	Carbohydrates	63-75	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	100-131
2633803-1	1989	Chemical modification of different amino acid residues and the carbohydrate moiety of antibodies to carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) was used to elucidate their role in the interaction with CEA and to evaluate the effect of antibody modification and steric factor in immunosorbent synthesis.	Carbohydrates	63-75	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	127-130
2633803-4	1989	A comparison of these results with earlier obtained data on the functional properties, of immobilized antibodies revealed that the decrease of antigen-binding characteristics of anti-CEA after IgG immobilization via NH2- and COOH-groups, carbohydrate moiety, tyrosine and histidine residues is due to the direct effect of antibody modification, whereas the changes in parameters of antibody interaction with antigen after IgG immobilization via SH-groups, methionine and histidine residues is due to steric hindrances.	Carbohydrates	238-250	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	183-186
2693012-3	1989	With the use of a pharmacodynamic model describing the dependence of glucose dynamics on plasma insulin and glucose levels, the program can predict the expected time course of plasma glucose in response to a change in carbohydrate intake, insulin dose, timing, or regimen.	Carbohydrates	218-230	insulin	Homo sapiens	96-103
2687298-8	1989	PSF activity is greater in serum from Wistar than from Fischer 344 rats, while activity of serum from Zucker obese (fa/fa) rats is at least as great as that from Wistar rats and, like serum of rats made obese by feeding a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet, is not suppressed.	Carbohydrates	237-249	interleukin 3	Mus musculus	0-3
2584194-2	1989	In rat liver, triiodothyronine (T3) and dietary carbohydrate induce the expression of the genes coding for malic enzyme (ME) (EC 1.1.1.40) and S14 protein.	Carbohydrates	48-60	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	143-146
2520774-4	1989	Double couplings with an O-unprotected saccharide, as in Fmoc-Asn(GlcNAc)-OH resulted in acceptable coupling rates even with a synthetically difficult sequence corresponding to the T-cell epitopic peptide from the C-terminus of pigeon cytochrome c.	Carbohydrates	39-49	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	235-247
2811298-4	1989	They also exhibit intense surface reactivity for a carbohydrate epitope associated with the family of cell adhesion molecules recognized by the monoclonal antibody HNK-1.	Carbohydrates	51-63	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	164-169
2682005-6	1989	Four of the sixteen tumors (25%) expressed the carbohydrate epitope of EGFr.	Carbohydrates	47-59	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	71-75
2682005-10	1989	The presence of unusual carbohydrates relating to the EGFr and the products of ras gene activation by point mutations in colon cancers may imply a functional role in transformation.	Carbohydrates	24-37	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	54-58
2793860-6	1989	The O-linked chains were exclusively linked to Thr in position 3 of the polypeptide chain which is the carbohydrate attachment site in natural human IL-2.	Carbohydrates	103-115	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	149-153
2682779-4	1989	Feeding, by increasing both insulin and glucose concentration, shifts myocardial metabolism towards preferential carbohydrate usage, both for oxidative energy generation and for glycogen synthesis.	Carbohydrates	113-125	insulin	Homo sapiens	28-35
2592487-1	1989	Human transferrin isoforms, i.e., molecules with different carbohydrate contents which differ from each other by only one negative charge, were resolved by high-performance zone electrophoresis in free solution.	Carbohydrates	59-71	transferrin	Homo sapiens	6-17
2592487-3	1989	The pattern changed when iron-free transferrin was treated with neuraminidase, which splits off the sialic acid from the carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	121-133	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
2482250-6	1989	Thus, the antigenic cross-reactivity of CD46 molecules with GaLV gp70 and MPMV gp70 is both specific and due to protein structure rather than to carbohydrate; the findings suggest that retroviruses may have acquired a functional epitope from human CD46 or that an endogenous retroviral sequence of human may partially or completely encode the CD46 antigen.	Carbohydrates	145-157	CD46 molecule	Homo sapiens	40-44
2574542-0	1989	Evaluation of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin compared with Tf index and other markers of alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	14-26	transferrin	Homo sapiens	37-48
2574542-2	1989	Different methods have been proposed in order to evaluate this carbohydrate-deficient fraction of serum transferrin.	Carbohydrates	63-75	transferrin	Homo sapiens	104-115
2574542-4	1989	Recently, a new method called the carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) test based on ion-exchange chromatography has been developed by Stibler et al.	Carbohydrates	34-46	transferrin	Homo sapiens	57-68
2574581-4	1989	Only lectins which bound at least one of the four types of glycans were capable of inhibiting fusion of HIV-infected cells with CD4 cells by a carbohydrate-specific interaction with the HIV-infected cells.	Carbohydrates	143-155	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	128-131
2511147-3	1989	If insulin is infused intravenously, it is important that the carbohydrates are given simultaneously, in order to prevent deleterious hypoglycemnia.	Carbohydrates	62-75	insulin	Homo sapiens	3-10
2781534-4	1989	Isolated B chain was prepared by covalently linking the intact thrombin molecule to Sepharose beads via the carbohydrate chain attached to asparagine 53 of its B chain, then reducing the single interchain disulfide bond to release the A chain, and finally reoxidizing the intrachain disulfide bonds of the immobilized B chain, allowing it to refold.	Carbohydrates	108-120	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	63-71
2691774-6	1989	Insulin binding to the receptor was decreased in diabetic patients and this anomaly was more evident in patients with carbohydrate intolerance.	Carbohydrates	118-130	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
2778033-0	1989	Dietary carbohydrate content determines responsiveness to growth hormone in energy-restricted humans.	Carbohydrates	8-20	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	58-72
2778033-6	1989	The subjects receiving the high carbohydrate diet had a significant increase in serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I; from 36.2 +/- 9.7 to 55.9 +/- 6.6 nmol/L) and urinary C-peptide excretion (from 43.9 +/- 25.6 to 60.8 +/- 29.4 nmol/day) in response to GH.	Carbohydrates	32-44	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	86-114
2778033-6	1989	The subjects receiving the high carbohydrate diet had a significant increase in serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I; from 36.2 +/- 9.7 to 55.9 +/- 6.6 nmol/L) and urinary C-peptide excretion (from 43.9 +/- 25.6 to 60.8 +/- 29.4 nmol/day) in response to GH.	Carbohydrates	32-44	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	116-121
2551687-4	1989	A comparative analysis of the molar carbohydrate composition of normal human serotransferrin and of Hep G2 transferrin fraction C shows an increase in the latter in the number of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine residues and in the presence of fucose, which is absent in normal transferrin.	Carbohydrates	36-48	transferrin	Homo sapiens	77-92
2551687-4	1989	A comparative analysis of the molar carbohydrate composition of normal human serotransferrin and of Hep G2 transferrin fraction C shows an increase in the latter in the number of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine residues and in the presence of fucose, which is absent in normal transferrin.	Carbohydrates	36-48	transferrin	Homo sapiens	81-92
2680230-13	1989	Plasma insulin and glucose rose after the high carbohydrate and mixed meals, but were unchanged after the high protein and high fat meals.	Carbohydrates	47-59	insulin	Homo sapiens	7-14
2672773-6	1989	Insulin binding was significantly lower due to fewer receptors when subjects were fed the low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet compared with the high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	104-116	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
2672773-6	1989	Insulin binding was significantly lower due to fewer receptors when subjects were fed the low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet compared with the high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	154-166	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
2532304-8	1989	We also found that poly[N-acetyl-lactosamine]-type sugar chains are more abundant on B cells than on lpr T cells, and that the molecular weights and the carbohydrate moieties of CD45R antigens on lpr T cells are different from those of CD45R antigens on +/+ spleen B cells.	Carbohydrates	153-165	Fas (TNF receptor superfamily member 6)	Mus musculus	196-199
2503369-7	1989	Fluorographic analysis revealed three forms of CBG: CBG1, a glycosylated, mature, and secretory form with apparent mol wt of 70 K; CBG2, a glycosylated precursor which due to incomplete carbohydrate processing has an apparent mol wt of 54 K; and CBG3, a nonglycosylated form consisting of the 40 K core protein.	Carbohydrates	186-198	serpin family A member 6	Homo sapiens	47-50
2670646-9	1989	The insulin-induced shift from myocardial free fatty acid to carbohydrate usage may be beneficial to the ischemic heart by increasing glycogen stores, saving oxygen, and inhibiting an excess free-fatty acid concentration, which may be toxic during ischemia.	Carbohydrates	61-73	insulin	Homo sapiens	4-11
2684655-2	1989	A spectrum of N-linked oligosaccharide structures, ranging from core to nearly complete outer chain carbohydrate, was observed on glycoproteins accumulated in secretion-defective sec7 mutant cells.	Carbohydrates	100-112	Arf family guanine nucleotide exchange factor SEC7	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	179-183
2480987-0	1989	High carbohydrate fat-free diet modulates epitope expression of LDL-apoB-100 and interaction of LDL with human fibroblasts.	Carbohydrates	5-17	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	68-76
2818566-12	1989	High concentrations of saccharides of Mr 1700-5400 exhibited a size-dependent acceleration of thrombin inhibition, not through their interaction with antithrombin, but through their interaction with heparin cofactor II.	Carbohydrates	23-34	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	94-102
2571374-0	1989	Carbohydrate deficient transferrin: a marker for alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
2571374-1	1989	OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of serum carbohydrate deficient transferrin as detected by isoelectric focusing on agarose as an indicator of alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	40-52	transferrin	Homo sapiens	63-74
2547078-4	1989	Compared with patients having tumors poor in estrogen receptor (ER), those having ER-rich tumors (greater than or equal to 0.10 fmol/microgram of DNA) were older (P less than .01) and reported carbohydrate intake yielding higher E% (percentage of total energy intake) (P less than .01) and higher retinol intake per 10 MJ (P less than .05).	Carbohydrates	193-205	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	82-84
2547078-5	1989	The OR for having an ER-rich tumor was 1.58 (95% confidence interval, 1.08-2.31) for each 1-mg increase in retinol intake per 10 MJ; 1.09 (95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.16) for each additional year of age; and 1.08 (95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.13) for each 1% increment in E% from carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	287-300	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	21-23
2547078-6	1989	These results suggest that the dietary patterns of the western world (e.g., high fat intake and low intake of carbohydrates and fiber) affect certain prognostic factors in breast cancer, such as tumor size and ER content of the tumor.	Carbohydrates	110-123	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	210-212
2818558-4	1989	The three proteins, namely the recombinant carbohydrate-recognition domain of rat mannose-binding Protein A and the multi-subunit forms of rat and human serum mannose-binding proteins, were shown to have in common reactivity with oligosaccharide probes containing one or more non-reducing terminal N-acetylglucosamine residue(s).	Carbohydrates	43-55	mannose binding lectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	82-107
2818566-1	1989	Effect of saccharide chain length on thrombin inhibition by heparin cofactor II and by antithrombin.	Carbohydrates	10-20	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	37-45
2571374-3	1989	Comparison of carbohydrate deficient transferrin with standard laboratory tests for alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	14-26	transferrin	Homo sapiens	37-48
2571374-8	1989	RESULTS: Carbohydrate deficient transferrin was detected in 19 of the 22 (86%) self confessed alcohol abusers, none of the 47 patients with non-alcoholic liver disease, and one of the 38 (3%) controls.	Carbohydrates	9-21	transferrin	Homo sapiens	32-43
2571374-9	1989	Withdrawal of alcohol led to the disappearance of carbohydrate deficient transferrin at a variable rate, though in some subjects it remained detectable for up to 15 days.	Carbohydrates	50-62	transferrin	Homo sapiens	73-84
2571374-10	1989	Carbohydrate deficient transferrin was considerably superior to the currently available conventional markers for alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
2776689-1	1989	Exposure of fresh water crab Barytelphusa querini to a sublethal concentration of NaF (30 ppm) caused significant alterations in the carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	133-145	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	82-85
2806210-1	1989	Several genetic variants and also isoforms of transferrin differing in carbohydrate structure can be separated by polyacrylamide or agarose gel isoelectric focusing.	Carbohydrates	71-83	transferrin	Homo sapiens	46-57
2590120-0	1989	Carbohydrate metabolism on high dose growth hormone therapy in children treated for leukaemia.	Carbohydrates	0-12	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	37-51
2673710-2	1989	The reason for this is that insulin is a major regulatory hormone and is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, protein and ions.	Carbohydrates	103-116	insulin	Homo sapiens	28-35
2674585-2	1989	Although exercise in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) may be associated with metabolic deterioration in the case of lack of adequate provision of insulin and carbohydrate in balanced amounts, the beneficial effects of exercise in diabetes are numerous.	Carbohydrates	168-180	insulin	Homo sapiens	21-28
2787353-5	1989	The conclusion that rIL-2 is a lectin is further supported by the observation that the sequence of IL-2 shares 27% homology with a 33-residue sequence of the carbohydrate-binding domain of human mannose-binding protein.	Carbohydrates	158-170	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	21-25
2806210-6	1989	Futhermore, functional abnormalities of liver cells can be revealed by determination of the concentrations of transferrin isoforms differing mainly in their carbohydrate parts.	Carbohydrates	157-169	transferrin	Homo sapiens	110-121
2510149-4	1989	The results of these analyses are: (i) variants with carbohydrate-depleted kringle domains possessed higher specific activities than wild-type t-PA; (ii) a cleavage site variant substituted at Arg275 with Gly had greatly reduced specific activity; (iii) two variants substituted at Lys277 exhibited altered interactions with PAI-2; (iv) the variant with a truncated C-terminus had reduced activity in the absence of fibrin; and (v) no variants had significantly altered half-lives.	Carbohydrates	53-65	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	143-147
2602454-0	1989	Repeated hypothalamic stimulation with neuropeptide Y increases daily carbohydrate and fat intake and body weight gain in female rats.	Carbohydrates	70-82	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	39-53
2575681-0	1989	[Comparison of carbohydrate antigens--sialylated Lewisx and sialylated SSEA-1 in the sera from patients with primary lung cancer].	Carbohydrates	15-27	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	49-55
2694714-3	1989	After 3 days of artificial B-cell insulin therapy, the npRQ and carbohydrate oxidation rate of the exercising diabetics significantly increased to 0.965 +/- 0.004 and 693 +/- 13 mg/m2.min, while the lipid oxidation rate declined to 39 +/- 4 mg/m2.min (p less than 0.001).	Carbohydrates	64-76	insulin	Homo sapiens	34-41
2694714-4	1989	We conclude that artificial B-cell directed insulin therapy increases carbohydrate oxidation and decreases lipid oxidation in exercising insulin-dependent diabetic subjects.	Carbohydrates	70-82	insulin	Homo sapiens	44-51
2568858-0	1989	Sialyl SSEA-1 antigen as a carbohydrate marker of human natural killer cells and immature lymphoid cells.	Carbohydrates	27-39	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	7-13
2505753-0	1989	Insulin controls key steps of carbohydrate metabolism in cultured HT29 colon cancer cells.	Carbohydrates	30-42	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
2505753-1	1989	Effects of insulin on key steps of carbohydrate metabolism were investigated in cultured HT29 colon cancer cells by two different approaches, i.e. incubation of the cells either in the absence or in the presence of glucose in the medium.	Carbohydrates	35-47	insulin	Homo sapiens	11-18
2505753-8	1989	It is concluded that the carbohydrate metabolism of cultured HT29 cells responds to insulin, making this biological model suitable for investigations in vitro on the mechanism of insulin action.	Carbohydrates	25-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	84-91
2505753-8	1989	It is concluded that the carbohydrate metabolism of cultured HT29 cells responds to insulin, making this biological model suitable for investigations in vitro on the mechanism of insulin action.	Carbohydrates	25-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	179-186
2550084-11	1989	These 2 bands are also detected after chromatography on immobilized wheat germ agglutinin hence confirming the presence of carbohydrates on bFGF receptors.	Carbohydrates	123-136	fibroblast growth factor 2	Bos taurus	140-144
2568858-1	1989	The distribution of a carbohydrate antigen, the sialyl SSEA-1 (sialyl Lex-i), in human lymphoid cells was investigated by flow cytometry with a specific monoclonal antibody, MoAb FH-6.	Carbohydrates	22-34	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	55-61
2678346-2	1989	It slows the absorption kinetics of dietary carbohydrates by reversible competitive inhibition of alpha-glucosidase activity, and so reduces the post-prandial blood glucose increment and insulin response.	Carbohydrates	44-57	insulin	Homo sapiens	187-194
2667859-18	1989	These studies indicate that the carbohydrate components of a meal, and in particular those causing insulin release, contribute to postprandial hypotension in patients with autonomic failure.	Carbohydrates	32-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	99-106
2721445-8	1989	Based on this Mr, carbohydrates contribute 18% and 12% to the apparent Mr of the heavy and light subunits of hTeBG, respectively.	Carbohydrates	18-31	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	109-114
2547410-9	1989	Carbohydrate metabolism was investigated by means of an oral glucose tolerance test with measurement of plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide concentrations.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	120-127
2547410-9	1989	Carbohydrate metabolism was investigated by means of an oral glucose tolerance test with measurement of plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide concentrations.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	132-141
2794653-10	1989	In consequence, the present observations suggested that the expression of carbohydrate antigens in primary breast cancer and disease progress might be correlated with ER status.	Carbohydrates	74-86	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	167-169
16837277-0	1989	Apo E polymorphism and the removal of remnants of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in normolipidemic subjects during a carbohydrate-rich diet.	Carbohydrates	117-129	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	0-5
2721445-10	1989	Treatment of hTeBG with the enzymes resulted in a shift in the pH values to a more basic pH range, indicating that carbohydrate removal also removed charged species from the protein.	Carbohydrates	115-127	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	13-18
2473955-9	1989	The specificity of M371 was shown to differ from that of the antibodies CT1 and CT2, which identify a carbohydrate determinant of CD45 expressed on cytotoxic lymphocytes and IEL.	Carbohydrates	102-114	CD5 antigen-like	Mus musculus	80-83
2498325-4	1989	Sequence analysis and amino sugar analysis of this peptide derived from asialo-, monosialo-, or disialo-apoE indicated that the carbohydrate moiety is attached only to Thr194 in monosialo- and disialo-apoE and that asialo-apoE is not glycosylated.	Carbohydrates	128-140	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	104-108
2498325-3	1989	The carbohydrate attachment site of plasma apoE was localized to a single tryptic peptide (residues 192-206).	Carbohydrates	4-16	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	43-47
2498325-4	1989	Sequence analysis and amino sugar analysis of this peptide derived from asialo-, monosialo-, or disialo-apoE indicated that the carbohydrate moiety is attached only to Thr194 in monosialo- and disialo-apoE and that asialo-apoE is not glycosylated.	Carbohydrates	128-140	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	201-205
2498325-4	1989	Sequence analysis and amino sugar analysis of this peptide derived from asialo-, monosialo-, or disialo-apoE indicated that the carbohydrate moiety is attached only to Thr194 in monosialo- and disialo-apoE and that asialo-apoE is not glycosylated.	Carbohydrates	128-140	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	201-205
2498325-7	1989	Apolipoprotein E(Thr194----Ala) was secreted exclusively as the asialo isoform, confirming that Thr194 is the site of carbohydrate attachment in these cells and indicating that glycosylation of apoE is not essential for secretion.	Carbohydrates	118-130	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	0-16
2656293-1	1989	A glycosylated form of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was shown to contain mannose as the only carbohydrate constituent.	Carbohydrates	157-169	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	41-69
2473910-0	1989	Influence of sulfated carbohydrates on the accessibility of CD4 and other CD molecules on the cell surface and implications for human immunodeficiency virus infection.	Carbohydrates	22-35	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	60-63
2656293-1	1989	A glycosylated form of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was shown to contain mannose as the only carbohydrate constituent.	Carbohydrates	157-169	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	71-76
2524340-1	1989	Cooking and processing of food may account for differences in blood glucose and insulin responses to food with similar contents of carbohydrate, fat, and protein.	Carbohydrates	131-143	insulin	Homo sapiens	80-87
2473980-4	1989	As Gp-2 carbohydrate was found to contain 3 mol each of the two types of terminal GalNAc-containing units, both were nominated as possible components of the IO4- oxidation-sensitive epitopes which are responsible for the allergenic activity in Gp-2 and its mother antigen, Gi-rep. A few moles of Fuc and Gal were also detected as minor non-reducing terminals in addition to the 6 mol of the GalNAc-containing units.	Carbohydrates	8-20	glycoprotein 2	Homo sapiens	3-7
2523818-5	1989	The results suggest that human monocyte IL-6 carries O-glycosidically bound carbohydrates with a Gal(beta 1-3)Gal-NAc core to which only sialic acid is bound.	Carbohydrates	76-89	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	40-44
2663816-8	1989	Therefore, long-term mild regular jogging, which did not influence either body mass index or maximal O2 uptake, appears to improve insulin action in both carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and to increase the metabolic clearance rate of insulin.	Carbohydrates	154-166	insulin	Homo sapiens	131-138
2668925-3	1989	Repeated investigation of the same population in 3 years has shown that a decrease in the caloric content of the daily ration at the expense of fats and carbohydrates, especially starch and refined sugars, causes a decrease in the level of basal insulin, mean values of glycemia during a GTT, and atherogenic fractions of the lipid spectrum.	Carbohydrates	153-166	insulin	Homo sapiens	246-253
2662659-8	1989	With the combined insulin and sulfonylurea therapy and low insulin doses carbohydrate metabolism may be normalized.	Carbohydrates	73-85	insulin	Homo sapiens	18-25
2662659-8	1989	With the combined insulin and sulfonylurea therapy and low insulin doses carbohydrate metabolism may be normalized.	Carbohydrates	73-85	insulin	Homo sapiens	59-66
2473980-4	1989	As Gp-2 carbohydrate was found to contain 3 mol each of the two types of terminal GalNAc-containing units, both were nominated as possible components of the IO4- oxidation-sensitive epitopes which are responsible for the allergenic activity in Gp-2 and its mother antigen, Gi-rep. A few moles of Fuc and Gal were also detected as minor non-reducing terminals in addition to the 6 mol of the GalNAc-containing units.	Carbohydrates	8-20	glycoprotein 2	Homo sapiens	244-248
2657963-10	1989	The role of growth hormone in mediating altered carbohydrate metabolism may be of particular relevance as to how sleep deprivation alters the supply of energy substrate to the muscle.	Carbohydrates	48-60	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	12-26
2466563-3	1989	This antibody identified a Mr 200,000 determinant on immuno-Western blot analysis, and the recognized epitope was shown to reside in the carbohydrate domain of a Mr 200,000 glycoprotein (gp200).	Carbohydrates	137-149	podocalyxin like	Homo sapiens	187-192
2721126-15	1989	The patients" carbohydrate oxidation rose to a greater extent after the meal, probably as a consequence of excessive increases in insulin concentration, demonstrating that insulin resistance in these patients may be compensated for by postprandial hyperinsulinaemia.	Carbohydrates	14-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	130-137
2721126-15	1989	The patients" carbohydrate oxidation rose to a greater extent after the meal, probably as a consequence of excessive increases in insulin concentration, demonstrating that insulin resistance in these patients may be compensated for by postprandial hyperinsulinaemia.	Carbohydrates	14-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	172-179
2725527-0	1989	Thyroid hormone-, carbohydrate, and age-dependent regulation of a methylation site in the hepatic S14 gene.	Carbohydrates	18-30	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	98-101
2725527-10	1989	Carbohydrate feeding, another stimulus of S14 expression, similarly caused the demethylation of this cytosine residue.	Carbohydrates	0-12	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	42-45
2493139-0	1989	Role for carbohydrate structures in TGF-beta 1 latency.	Carbohydrates	9-21	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	36-46
2673493-1	1989	The plasma glucose and insulin response to oral glucose or carbohydrate meal tolerance tests were determined in 78 normal controls, 71 persons with IGT and 110 patients with NIDDM.	Carbohydrates	59-71	insulin	Homo sapiens	23-30
2466553-9	1989	It is concluded that CAR-3 epitope is expressed on a carbohydrate moiety linked to a sulfo-mucin-like molecule via an O-glycosidic bond.	Carbohydrates	53-65	carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens	21-26
2493139-5	1989	We report here that enzymatic removal in vitro of the carbohydrate structures in the remnant of the TGF-beta 1 precursor produces biologically active TGF-beta 1 from the latent complex, suggesting that carbohydrate structures are of importance in rendering TGF-beta 1 inactive in the complex in vivo.	Carbohydrates	54-66	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	150-160
2493139-5	1989	We report here that enzymatic removal in vitro of the carbohydrate structures in the remnant of the TGF-beta 1 precursor produces biologically active TGF-beta 1 from the latent complex, suggesting that carbohydrate structures are of importance in rendering TGF-beta 1 inactive in the complex in vivo.	Carbohydrates	54-66	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	150-160
2646713-1	1989	Isolation of a clone encoding the mouse lymph node homing receptor reveals a deduced protein with an unusual protein mosaic architecture, containing a separate carbohydrate-binding (lectin) domain, an epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) domain, and an extracellular precisely duplicated repeat unit, which preserves the motif seen in the homologous repeat structure of complement regulatory proteins and other proteins.	Carbohydrates	160-172	selectin, lymphocyte	Mus musculus	40-66
2493139-5	1989	We report here that enzymatic removal in vitro of the carbohydrate structures in the remnant of the TGF-beta 1 precursor produces biologically active TGF-beta 1 from the latent complex, suggesting that carbohydrate structures are of importance in rendering TGF-beta 1 inactive in the complex in vivo.	Carbohydrates	202-214	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	100-110
2493139-5	1989	We report here that enzymatic removal in vitro of the carbohydrate structures in the remnant of the TGF-beta 1 precursor produces biologically active TGF-beta 1 from the latent complex, suggesting that carbohydrate structures are of importance in rendering TGF-beta 1 inactive in the complex in vivo.	Carbohydrates	202-214	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	150-160
2493139-5	1989	We report here that enzymatic removal in vitro of the carbohydrate structures in the remnant of the TGF-beta 1 precursor produces biologically active TGF-beta 1 from the latent complex, suggesting that carbohydrate structures are of importance in rendering TGF-beta 1 inactive in the complex in vivo.	Carbohydrates	202-214	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	150-160
2493139-5	1989	We report here that enzymatic removal in vitro of the carbohydrate structures in the remnant of the TGF-beta 1 precursor produces biologically active TGF-beta 1 from the latent complex, suggesting that carbohydrate structures are of importance in rendering TGF-beta 1 inactive in the complex in vivo.	Carbohydrates	54-66	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	100-110
2538547-8	1989	The carbohydrate structures of CD4 seems to be triantennary chains.	Carbohydrates	4-16	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	31-34
2538547-13	1989	Taken together, these results indicate that carbohydrates of CD4 and of gp120/160 do not play a significant role in the in vitro interaction between these two molecules.	Carbohydrates	44-57	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	61-64
2646946-4	1989	During insulin alone, carbohydrate oxidation rose markedly during the 1st 60-90 min (by 85%, P less than 0.05) as circulating free fatty acids (FFA) and fat oxidation declined.	Carbohydrates	22-34	insulin	Homo sapiens	7-14
2646946-7	1989	Heparin, by preventing the insulin-induced fall in FFA, also blocked the early rise in carbohydrate oxidation.	Carbohydrates	87-99	insulin	Homo sapiens	27-34
2646946-8	1989	We conclude that small increments in insulin markedly stimulate carbohydrate oxidation without increasing glucose uptake.	Carbohydrates	64-76	insulin	Homo sapiens	37-44
2645502-6	1989	Refeeding with carbohydrate of obese diabetic and non-diabetic women after a two-week fast caused an abrupt decrease in FFA that was followed after four hours by an increase in FFA and glycerol, despite continued ingestion of carbohydrate glucose and insulin.	Carbohydrates	15-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	251-258
2493268-3	1989	Among the eleven amino acids of the PSP S2-5 N-terminal extension Z-E-A-Q-T-E-L-P-Q-A-R, the first residue is an oxoproline and the fifth, a threonine, bears the single carbohydrate chain of the protein molecules.	Carbohydrates	169-181	regenerating family member 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	36-39
2785782-0	1989	[Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency with histologic expression of metabolic disease of carbohydrates].	Carbohydrates	83-96	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	1-20
2563943-3	1989	A new possibility that a specific carbohydrate at the cell surface could be recognized by the same or similar carbohydrate on the counterpart cell surface is now suggested by specific interaction between Lex and Lex, but not between Lex and sialylated or non-substituted type 2 chain.	Carbohydrates	34-46	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	204-207
2563943-3	1989	A new possibility that a specific carbohydrate at the cell surface could be recognized by the same or similar carbohydrate on the counterpart cell surface is now suggested by specific interaction between Lex and Lex, but not between Lex and sialylated or non-substituted type 2 chain.	Carbohydrates	34-46	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	212-215
2563943-3	1989	A new possibility that a specific carbohydrate at the cell surface could be recognized by the same or similar carbohydrate on the counterpart cell surface is now suggested by specific interaction between Lex and Lex, but not between Lex and sialylated or non-substituted type 2 chain.	Carbohydrates	34-46	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	212-215
2563943-3	1989	A new possibility that a specific carbohydrate at the cell surface could be recognized by the same or similar carbohydrate on the counterpart cell surface is now suggested by specific interaction between Lex and Lex, but not between Lex and sialylated or non-substituted type 2 chain.	Carbohydrates	110-122	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	204-207
2563943-3	1989	A new possibility that a specific carbohydrate at the cell surface could be recognized by the same or similar carbohydrate on the counterpart cell surface is now suggested by specific interaction between Lex and Lex, but not between Lex and sialylated or non-substituted type 2 chain.	Carbohydrates	110-122	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	212-215
2563943-3	1989	A new possibility that a specific carbohydrate at the cell surface could be recognized by the same or similar carbohydrate on the counterpart cell surface is now suggested by specific interaction between Lex and Lex, but not between Lex and sialylated or non-substituted type 2 chain.	Carbohydrates	110-122	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	212-215
2569872-0	1989	Effect of histamine H1-receptor antagonist on the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in rat liver.	Carbohydrates	64-76	histamine receptor H 1	Rattus norvegicus	10-31
2536691-7	1989	Finally, transcription and translation in vitro of the cDNA corresponding to epsilon BP yielded a polypeptide containing carbohydrate-binding activity.	Carbohydrates	121-133	galectin 3	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
2539286-5	1989	Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were significantly (P less than .001) elevated throughout the day when patients consumed the 60% carbohydrate diet, and 24-h urinary glucose excretion more than doubled (0.8 vs. 1.8 mol/24 h).	Carbohydrates	139-151	insulin	Homo sapiens	19-26
2930480-0	1989	[Leu]enkephalin stimulates carbohydrate metabolism in isolated hepatocytes and kidney tubule fragments by interaction with angiotensin II receptors.	Carbohydrates	27-39	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	123-137
2930480-4	1989	[Leu]enkephalin displaced specifically bound 125I-labelled angiotensin II from hepatic plasma membranes over a concentration range of 10(-7)-10(-5) M. This correlated with the dose-response required to stimulate phosphorylase activity in intact hepatocytes and suggests that the effects of the opioid peptides on carbohydrate metabolism in liver are the result of cross-reactivity of the peptides with angiotensin II receptors.	Carbohydrates	313-325	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	59-73
2569872-1	1989	In order to elucidate the role of histamine in the liver, we studied the effect of a histamine H1-receptor antagonist on the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the rat liver.	Carbohydrates	125-137	histamine receptor H 1	Rattus norvegicus	85-106
2486289-0	1989	Structure and role of carbohydrate in human erythropoietin.	Carbohydrates	22-34	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	44-58
2493157-3	1989	During infusions with glucose substitutes in severely ill patients with glucose intolerance it is sometimes possible to avoid insulin therapy since the first steps in the metabolism of these carbohydrates are insulin-independent.	Carbohydrates	191-204	insulin	Homo sapiens	126-133
2493157-3	1989	During infusions with glucose substitutes in severely ill patients with glucose intolerance it is sometimes possible to avoid insulin therapy since the first steps in the metabolism of these carbohydrates are insulin-independent.	Carbohydrates	191-204	insulin	Homo sapiens	209-216
2535847-3	1989	Run-on transcription analysis with isolated nuclei showed that the transcription rate of the FAS gene increased 3.5-fold after 30 min, reached a maximum of 7-fold after 2 h of insulin administration in diabetic animals, and was maintained at the maximum level to 6 h. The cAMP, administered to previously fasted normal mice during refeeding of a high carbohydrate diet, abolished the increased transcription of the FAS gene caused by nutritional manipulation.	Carbohydrates	351-363	fatty acid synthase	Mus musculus	93-96
2492155-6	1989	Further evidence that stimulation of sucrase-isomaltase and maltase-glucoamylase by high carbohydrate is not restricted to the crypt and lower villus region was obtained by the finding that their synthesis rates appeared to be equally stimulated along the length of the villus column.	Carbohydrates	89-101	maltase-glucoamylase 2	Rattus norvegicus	60-80
2535488-0	1989	Primary structure of the major O-glycosidically linked carbohydrate unit of human von Willebrand factor.	Carbohydrates	55-67	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	82-103
2920013-2	1989	By affinity chromatography on a concanavalin A-Sepharose column in well-defined conditions, human serotransferrin isolated from healthy donors was resolved into three carbohydrate molecular variants: Tf-I (less than 1%), Tf-II (17 +/- 2%) and Tf-III (82 +/- 3%) containing two triantennary glycans, one triantennary and one biantennary glycans and two biantennary glycans respectively.	Carbohydrates	167-179	transferrin	Homo sapiens	98-113
2920013-5	1989	The results suggest that the relative proportions of transferrin carbohydrate variants was unchanged when the concentration of transferrin was increased in serum from normal donors, whereas in the serum of pregnant women, especially in the last 3 months of pregnancy, when the serum concentration of transferrin reached 4.5-5 g/l, the relative proportions of the carbohydrate variants Tf-I and Tf-II increased from 1 to 6 +/- 1% and from 17 +/- 2 to 26 +/- 3% respectively while that of Tf-III decreased from 82 +/- 3 to 67 +/- 3%.	Carbohydrates	65-77	transferrin	Homo sapiens	53-64
2920013-5	1989	The results suggest that the relative proportions of transferrin carbohydrate variants was unchanged when the concentration of transferrin was increased in serum from normal donors, whereas in the serum of pregnant women, especially in the last 3 months of pregnancy, when the serum concentration of transferrin reached 4.5-5 g/l, the relative proportions of the carbohydrate variants Tf-I and Tf-II increased from 1 to 6 +/- 1% and from 17 +/- 2 to 26 +/- 3% respectively while that of Tf-III decreased from 82 +/- 3 to 67 +/- 3%.	Carbohydrates	363-375	transferrin	Homo sapiens	53-64
2920013-6	1989	The binding of the three transferrin carbohydrate variants to the receptor of the syncytiotrophoblast plasma membranes was determined by using Scatchard-plot analysis.	Carbohydrates	37-49	transferrin	Homo sapiens	25-36
2920013-8	1989	Detection of the transferrin-receptor complex by immunoblotting in the presence of non-dissociating detergents revealed the existence of only one type of receptor or of a receptor possessing similar properties involved in the binding of each of the three serotransferrin carbohydrate variants.	Carbohydrates	271-283	transferrin	Homo sapiens	17-28
2920013-8	1989	Detection of the transferrin-receptor complex by immunoblotting in the presence of non-dissociating detergents revealed the existence of only one type of receptor or of a receptor possessing similar properties involved in the binding of each of the three serotransferrin carbohydrate variants.	Carbohydrates	271-283	transferrin	Homo sapiens	255-270
2910720-9	1989	This protein of 54 kDa molecular weight had a pI of 4.5 and contained carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	70-82	zinc finger and BTB domain containing 20	Homo sapiens	13-15
2577722-2	1989	These two glycolipids reacted with antibodies recognizing the SSEA-1 [Le(x)(X)] carbohydrate determinant.	Carbohydrates	80-92	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	62-68
2912218-3	1989	The results of this study demonstrate that in halothane-anesthetized cats, neurons located in the LH will indeed release CCK-like material after a carbohydrate-protein meal in a time-dependent fashion.	Carbohydrates	147-159	cholecystokinin	Felis catus	121-124
2477202-1	1989	The neural cell adhesion molecules L1 and N-CAM share a common carbohydrate epitope that is recognized by the monoclonal antibodies L2 and HNK-1.	Carbohydrates	63-75	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	139-144
2691213-2	1989	Recent studies suggest that alpha lactalbumin may have a broader function in modifying cell surface carbohydrates in cell-cell interactions and cell differentiation.	Carbohydrates	100-113	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	28-45
2714234-1	1989	Human serum transferrin is a mixture of isoforms (isoproteins) having different amounts of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	91-104	transferrin	Homo sapiens	12-23
2642815-6	1989	One of these proteins of 54 kDa molecular weight, and containing carbohydrate, was obtained in a highly purified state.	Carbohydrates	65-77	zinc finger and BTB domain containing 20	Homo sapiens	4-6
2471689-6	1989	The epitopes shared by rat and human CEA that were detectable by the monkey anti-human CEA serum appeared to be carbohydrate, whereas the epitopes on rat CEA with which the rat mAb combined appeared to be protein, and those detected by the rabbit anti-rat CEA serum appeared to be carbohydrate, as well as protein.	Carbohydrates	112-124	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	37-40
2471689-6	1989	The epitopes shared by rat and human CEA that were detectable by the monkey anti-human CEA serum appeared to be carbohydrate, whereas the epitopes on rat CEA with which the rat mAb combined appeared to be protein, and those detected by the rabbit anti-rat CEA serum appeared to be carbohydrate, as well as protein.	Carbohydrates	112-124	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	87-90
2663561-0	1989	Functional properties of the carbohydrate moiety of human transferrin.	Carbohydrates	29-41	transferrin	Homo sapiens	58-69
2471689-6	1989	The epitopes shared by rat and human CEA that were detectable by the monkey anti-human CEA serum appeared to be carbohydrate, whereas the epitopes on rat CEA with which the rat mAb combined appeared to be protein, and those detected by the rabbit anti-rat CEA serum appeared to be carbohydrate, as well as protein.	Carbohydrates	281-293	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	37-40
2651560-3	1989	The area under the curve for the increase of serum insulin was four times greater after the 50-g dose compared to the 25-g dose of carbohydrate, but the respective areas under the curves for the increases of plasma glucose were identical.	Carbohydrates	131-143	insulin	Homo sapiens	51-58
2484442-1	1989	The myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and the brain 1B236 protein are 100-kDa glycoproteins containing 30% carbohydrate that exist in two developmentally regulated forms and are specific to the nervous system.	Carbohydrates	110-122	myelin-associated glycoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	4-34
2484442-1	1989	The myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and the brain 1B236 protein are 100-kDa glycoproteins containing 30% carbohydrate that exist in two developmentally regulated forms and are specific to the nervous system.	Carbohydrates	110-122	myelin-associated glycoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	36-39
2682302-6	1989	Basal insulin levels were higher in the CRF patients and increased with the oral potassium and carbohydrate load in both controls and patients.	Carbohydrates	95-107	insulin	Homo sapiens	6-13
2666711-3	1989	For correction of carbohydrate metabolism in the patients" contingent considered, it is the most expedient to use the fractional injection of common (crystalline) insulin at low doses.	Carbohydrates	18-30	insulin	Homo sapiens	163-170
2903794-1	1988	The localization of three carbohydrate antigens, Lex, Ley, and sialylated Lex-i, which are closely related to stage-specific embryonic antigen 1, in the lung of developing human embryos was investigated using specific monoclonal antibodies.	Carbohydrates	26-38	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	110-144
2482552-1	1989	Data from light- and electronimmunocytochemistry gave evidence that the antibodies to the mammalian adhesion molecule J1/tenascin and its carbohydrate structure L2/HNK-1 react with immunoreactive structures present in the inner and outer receptor lymph cavities of antennal sensilla of the honey bee.	Carbohydrates	138-150	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	164-169
3198628-0	1988	A new class mutation of low density lipoprotein receptor with altered carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	70-82	low-density lipoprotein receptor	Cricetulus griseus	24-56
2848802-4	1988	In contrast, mRNA for 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase did not decrease during starvation or in diabetes, but there was a 3-6-fold increase upon refeeding a high carbohydrate diet to starved rats or insulin treatment of diabetic rats.	Carbohydrates	182-194	6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-74
2491258-9	1989	Insulin, the IGFs, the relaxins, the CGRPs and amylin are all involved in carbohydrate metabolism and therefore these peptides are functionally as well as structurally related.	Carbohydrates	74-86	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
2665059-9	1989	It is concluded that myocardial carbohydrate metabolism is restricted in the early period after cardiac surgery, and that this seems to result from insulin resistance induced by the surgical trauma.	Carbohydrates	32-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	148-155
3243384-7	1988	Enzymatic analysis of carbohydrate residues on the GCTM-2 antigen revealed that it was a keratan sulphate proteoglycan, and suggested that the epitope recognized by the antibody lies on the core protein.	Carbohydrates	22-34	podocalyxin like	Homo sapiens	51-65
3071590-5	1988	We conclude that the carbohydrate moiety influences the kinetics of human renin secretion.	Carbohydrates	21-33	renin	Homo sapiens	74-79
3204117-5	1988	Analysis of the carbohydrate structure of intracellularly arrested haptoglobin showed that in cells with an ATP level of approximately 30% of normal, the majority of haptoglobin molecules (55%) were fully or partially resistant to endoglycosidase H. This result indicates that exit from the medial and/or the trans part of the Golgi complex (GC) was inhibited under these conditions.	Carbohydrates	16-28	haptoglobin	Rattus norvegicus	67-78
3204117-5	1988	Analysis of the carbohydrate structure of intracellularly arrested haptoglobin showed that in cells with an ATP level of approximately 30% of normal, the majority of haptoglobin molecules (55%) were fully or partially resistant to endoglycosidase H. This result indicates that exit from the medial and/or the trans part of the Golgi complex (GC) was inhibited under these conditions.	Carbohydrates	16-28	haptoglobin	Rattus norvegicus	166-177
3219367-1	1988	We have previously determined the carbohydrate structure of human recombinant erythropoietin [Sasaki, H., Bothner, B., Dell, A., & Fukuda, M. (1987) J. Biol.	Carbohydrates	34-46	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	78-92
3053750-0	1988	Insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction in aging: the importance of dietary carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	81-93	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
3245567-4	1988	The carbohydrate compositions determined on small quantities (1-10 pmol) of various glycoproteins including human transferrin and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, fetuin, and ovalbumin were identical to their reported carbohydrate content and compositions.	Carbohydrates	4-16	transferrin	Homo sapiens	114-125
3063258-2	1988	The biosynthesis and carbohydrate processing of CEA were studied in these cells by means of metabolic labelling followed by immunoadsorption with a specific polyclonal-antibody preparation and gel electrophoresis.	Carbohydrates	21-33	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	48-51
2460162-2	1988	The extent of large multimer loss was evaluated by examining the sites of subunit cleavage of native and carbohydrate-modified vWF after treatment with trypsin, chymotrypsin, or plasmin.	Carbohydrates	105-117	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	127-130
2460162-5	1988	Large multimer loss was more extensive with each enzyme after carbohydrate modification of vWF.	Carbohydrates	62-74	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	91-94
2460162-9	1988	However, digestion of the amino-terminal region was considerably more extensive after carbohydrate modification as judged by a marked decrease or absence of the larger fragments seen when native vWF was digested, and by the appearance of new smaller molecular mass species.	Carbohydrates	86-98	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	195-198
2459311-6	1988	These observations indicate that the L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate structure occurs not only in vertebrates but also in insects on both glycoproteins and glycolipids, a finding suggesting a high degree of phylogenetic stability of this functionally important carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	46-58	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	40-45
2459311-6	1988	These observations indicate that the L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate structure occurs not only in vertebrates but also in insects on both glycoproteins and glycolipids, a finding suggesting a high degree of phylogenetic stability of this functionally important carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	251-263	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	40-45
2851193-0	1988	The influence of carbohydrate structure on the clearance of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator.	Carbohydrates	17-29	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	72-105
3199278-6	1988	Low-carbohydrate/high-fat intake resulted in higher specific activities of pancreatic lipase for both periods studied.	Carbohydrates	4-16	pancreatic lipase	Sus scrofa	75-92
2851193-2	1988	When rt-PA was treated with sodium periodate to oxidize carbohydrate residues, the rate of clearance was decreased from 9.6 +/- 1.9 ml min-1 kg-1 to 3.5 +/- 0.6 ml min-1 kg-1 (mean +/- SD, n = 5).	Carbohydrates	56-68	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	135-145
2851193-2	1988	When rt-PA was treated with sodium periodate to oxidize carbohydrate residues, the rate of clearance was decreased from 9.6 +/- 1.9 ml min-1 kg-1 to 3.5 +/- 0.6 ml min-1 kg-1 (mean +/- SD, n = 5).	Carbohydrates	56-68	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	164-174
3217923-3	1988	While the carbohydrate-free A alpha-chain was not delayed on the affinity chromatography column, both glycosylated subunit chains, B beta- and gamma-chain, were adsorbed to the insolubilized lectin and were quantitatively eluted from the column with 0.2 M methyl-alpha-D-mannoside.	Carbohydrates	10-22	Fc gamma receptor and transporter	Homo sapiens	30-41
3170575-8	1988	These results suggest that carbohydrate constitutively affects the behavior of deglycosylated fibrinogens by 1) contributing a repulsive force that promotes fibrinogen solubility and limits fibrin assembly and 2) sensitizing fibrin to conditions that influence assembly and clot structure.	Carbohydrates	27-39	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	94-104
3054280-11	1988	PYY seems to act as an indicator of the increased carbohydrate load to the distal intestine even in the absence of clinical symptoms.	Carbohydrates	50-62	peptide YY	Homo sapiens	0-3
3178837-3	1988	Protein P19, the precursor family of protein X, was analyzed by its carbohydrate content which seemed to play an important role in protein solubility at pH 8.0.	Carbohydrates	68-80	neuronal vesicle trafficking associated 2	Homo sapiens	0-11
3050365-10	1988	Mean 24-hour serum glucose levels were higher, and both basal and peak C-peptide responses to a carbohydrate meal were blunted on the omega-3 diet.	Carbohydrates	96-108	insulin	Homo sapiens	71-80
3240315-1	1988	Lysozyme, a well-characterized protein which is known to be devoid of any carbohydrate residues, was found to interact with Con A.	Carbohydrates	74-86	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	0-8
3242546-6	1988	In addition, evidence is presented for the first time that plasma fibrinogen possesses (GlcNAc beta 1----4Man beta) residues (bisecting GlcNAc) and O-glycosidically bound carbohydrate units.	Carbohydrates	171-183	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	66-76
3053797-9	1988	Documented mechanisms include insulin-like actions on carbohydrate and fat metabolism, polydipsia, and sodium retention.	Carbohydrates	54-66	insulin	Homo sapiens	30-37
2849283-7	1988	In obese children receiving a diet with high carbohydrate content, an alteration of mineral metabolism occurred, characterized by secondary increase of PTH and 1,25(OH)2D3.	Carbohydrates	45-57	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	152-155
3225482-12	1988	In addition, CEA and CA19-9 in the cervical mucus samples obtained from women without any gynecologic disorders showed low levels, but those with inflammatory diseases were high, and this suggested that inflammatory diseases in the cervix and/or vagina may affect the constituent of the tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens in the cervical mucus.	Carbohydrates	304-316	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	13-16
3169243-5	1988	One is able to recognize a non-carbohydrate antigenic determinant only present in seminal pepsinogen C.	Carbohydrates	31-43	progastricsin	Homo sapiens	90-102
3169252-3	1988	From the amino acid sequence of the carbohydrate-containing cyanogen bromide fragment we have shown that the glycan is attached to an asparaginyl side chain at a position equivalent to residue 491 in the sequence of human serum transferrin.	Carbohydrates	36-48	transferrin	Homo sapiens	228-239
3243256-1	1988	The heterogeneity of human transferrin results from (i) differences in iron content, (ii) genetic polymorphism and (iii) differences in the carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	140-152	transferrin	Homo sapiens	27-38
3421710-0	1988	Recombinant human erythropoietin: purification and analysis of carbohydrate linkage.	Carbohydrates	63-75	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	18-32
3042372-10	1988	Therefore, these experiments show hGH-(1-43) to be an insulin potentiator that increases insulin-stimulated glucose clearance and glucose oxidation without an increase in insulin secretion, and they suggest that the peptide may have a physiological role in regulating carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	268-280	insulin	Homo sapiens	89-96
3243256-3	1988	Owing to the comparatively simple carbohydrate structure of human transferrin and the high resolving power of isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH gradients, microheterogeneous forms of transferrin can be separated.	Carbohydrates	34-46	transferrin	Homo sapiens	188-199
3211187-4	1988	The adaptation is accompanied by the loss of specific carbohydrate attachment sites adjacent to the receptor-binding site located at HA1 subunit with a concomitant variation in antigenicity.	Carbohydrates	54-66	Rho GTPase activating protein 45	Mus musculus	133-136
2458364-1	1988	The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) of human A431 cells bears an antigenic determinant that is closely related to the human blood group A carbohydrate structure.	Carbohydrates	147-159	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	4-36
2458364-1	1988	The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) of human A431 cells bears an antigenic determinant that is closely related to the human blood group A carbohydrate structure.	Carbohydrates	147-159	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	38-43
3290625-1	1988	We assessed the plasma amino acids, glucose, and insulin responses of obese and lean control subjects to midafternoon carbohydrate snacks.	Carbohydrates	118-130	insulin	Homo sapiens	49-56
3408492-2	1988	We studied the carbohydrate moieties of a ConA-binding form of SAP-2.	Carbohydrates	15-27	ETS transcription factor ELK3	Homo sapiens	63-68
2903691-0	1988	Changes in carbohydrate-deficient transferrin levels after alcohol withdrawal.	Carbohydrates	11-23	transferrin	Homo sapiens	34-45
2903691-1	1988	Sequential serum levels of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) were determined in 72 alcoholics at various intervals during detoxification.	Carbohydrates	27-39	transferrin	Homo sapiens	50-61
2456490-3	1988	Furthermore, the neural adhesion molecules L1, N-CAM, and J1 were also recognized by the serum that reacted with MAG, while the L3 carbohydrate-carrying cell adhesion molecule AMOG was not recognized.	Carbohydrates	131-143	ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit beta 2	Homo sapiens	176-180
3409533-2	1988	These transferrin forms differ in the carbohydrate parts, especially the amount of sialic acid.	Carbohydrates	38-50	transferrin	Homo sapiens	6-17
2781221-7	1989	Two factors other than sialylation, namely structural modification of the carbohydrate moiety and variation of hydrophobicity, were shown to contribute to the microheterogeneity of the PLAP-like enzyme in seminoma.	Carbohydrates	74-86	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	185-189
2847349-9	1988	These results indicate that one or more tryptophan, arginine and tyrosine residues are essential for the recognition of thrombin by thrombomodulin whilst the carbohydrate side chain and the active site residues of the thrombin molecule are not involved in thrombomodulin binding.	Carbohydrates	158-170	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	218-226
3166483-1	1988	Increased concentrations of serum Sialyl SSEA-1 antigen, which belongs to type 2 chain carbohydrate antigens and is defined by a new monoclonal antibody FH-6, were observed in 47.2% of patients with ovarian cancer.	Carbohydrates	87-99	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	41-47
3262196-9	1988	Both human and bovine C4a are polypeptides free of carbohydrate while rat and presumably mouse C4a are glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	51-63	complement C4	Bos taurus	22-25
3044171-8	1988	Meal-feeding or refeeding a high carbohydrate fat-free diet compared to the normal chow-diet caused 29% (p less than 0.001) and 36% (p less than 0.05) decreases in ADH activity, respectively.	Carbohydrates	33-45	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	164-167
2847349-9	1988	These results indicate that one or more tryptophan, arginine and tyrosine residues are essential for the recognition of thrombin by thrombomodulin whilst the carbohydrate side chain and the active site residues of the thrombin molecule are not involved in thrombomodulin binding.	Carbohydrates	158-170	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	120-128
3372529-14	1988	We identified two putative precursors of hsp47 using an in vitro translation/processing system and tunicamycin: one is a 42-kDa primary translation product and the second is a 41-kDa polypeptide lacking signal peptide and carbohydrate moieties.	Carbohydrates	222-234	serpin family H member 1	Gallus gallus	41-46
3044171-10	1988	These results raise the possibility that the amount and the type of carbohydrate may be crucial in the regulation of ADH and EER.	Carbohydrates	68-80	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	117-120
3044175-0	1988	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, a marker for chronic alcohol consumption in different ethnic populations.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
3044175-1	1988	Serum levels of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) were determined in a racially mixed population of 107 alcoholics, 18 healthy, nonalcoholic control subjects, 62 abstinent alcoholics, and in 64 Caucasian patients with various nonalcoholic liver diseases.	Carbohydrates	16-28	transferrin	Homo sapiens	39-50
3044178-0	1988	Transferrin phenotype and level of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in healthy individuals.	Carbohydrates	35-47	transferrin	Homo sapiens	58-69
3044178-1	1988	Elevated concentrations of carbohydrate-deficient components of transferrin (CDT) in serum may be used as a sensitive and specific marker of regular, high alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	27-39	transferrin	Homo sapiens	64-75
3131129-10	1988	We conclude that when administered in vivo to obese mice, hGH-(1-43) enhances the sensitivity of adipose tissue to the action of insulin, an indication that the peptide may play a role in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	188-200	insulin	Homo sapiens	129-136
3044777-0	1988	Increased insulin receptors in carbohydrate-sensitive subjects: a mechanism for hyperlipaemia in these subjects?	Carbohydrates	31-43	insulin	Homo sapiens	10-17
3044777-1	1988	Twenty male subjects, 11 normal and 9 carbohydrate-sensitive, participated in a study in which the effect of feeding diets low in copper (1.03 mg/d) on the number and affinity of insulin receptors was determined.	Carbohydrates	38-50	insulin	Homo sapiens	179-186
3044777-2	1988	Since carbohydrate-sensitive subjects are hyperinsulinaemic, it was anticipated that they would demonstrate a down-regulation of insulin receptors.	Carbohydrates	6-18	insulin	Homo sapiens	47-54
3044777-4	1988	Regardless of diets fed, carbohydrate-sensitive subjects showed increased insulin binding.	Carbohydrates	25-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	74-81
3044777-6	1988	This unusual and unexpected observation in carbohydrate-sensitive subjects suggests an altered response of the insulin receptor, namely the failure of plasma insulin to down-regulate the number of receptors.	Carbohydrates	43-55	insulin	Homo sapiens	111-118
2452820-4	1988	Clones containing putative cDNA sequences for fatty acid synthase were identified by differential hybridization with [32P] cDNAs synthesized from sucrose gradient-purified liver mRNA from mice fasted or fasted and refed a high carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	227-239	fatty acid synthase	Mus musculus	46-65
2453614-4	1988	Furthermore, at all stages of development, E-PHA and L-PHA bound to the same polypeptides as the monoclonal antibody HNK-1, which recognizes a carbohydrate epitope on polypeptides that may play roles in cell adhesion.	Carbohydrates	143-155	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	117-122
3401716-0	1988	Role of prolactin on neural and glial cellular enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	67-79	prolactin	Homo sapiens	8-17
2452820-8	1988	The induction of fatty acid synthase in the livers of previously fasted mice fed a high carbohydrate diet was controlled pretranslationally by modulation of the fatty acid synthase mRNA content.	Carbohydrates	88-100	fatty acid synthase	Mus musculus	17-36
3401716-3	1988	The influence of prolactin (Prl) and bromocriptine on the specific activities of neural and glial cellular enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism in cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, cerebellum and pons-medulla was studied.	Carbohydrates	127-139	prolactin	Homo sapiens	17-26
2452820-8	1988	The induction of fatty acid synthase in the livers of previously fasted mice fed a high carbohydrate diet was controlled pretranslationally by modulation of the fatty acid synthase mRNA content.	Carbohydrates	88-100	fatty acid synthase	Mus musculus	161-180
3130242-6	1988	Treatment with insulin and fluids, as well as normalization of the electrolytes, brought about rapid regression of the metabolic disorder and restoration of the carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	161-173	insulin	Homo sapiens	15-22
3167126-0	1988	[Biological function of the carbohydrate component of human sex hormone-binding globulin].	Carbohydrates	28-40	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	60-88
2836430-5	1988	In contrast, gp70 was inefficiently galactosylated after a 60-min lag in uninduced cells while rapidly acquiring this carbohydrate modification in the presence of dexamethasone.	Carbohydrates	118-130	embigin	Homo sapiens	13-17
2900784-0	1988	[The role of glucagon, somatostatin and somatotropin in the physiological regulation of carbohydrate balance].	Carbohydrates	88-100	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	40-52
3292504-9	1988	Lower carbohydrate utilization in the F state was accompanied by higher circulating fatty acids and ketone bodies, lower plasma insulin levels, and the maintenance of physical performance reflected by similar time to exhaustion.	Carbohydrates	6-18	insulin	Homo sapiens	128-135
3366475-8	1988	Activities of key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism (phosphorylase, hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and lactate dehydrogenase) were increased, while those of ketone body metabolism (3-oxoacid-CoA transferase, acetoacetyl-CoA synthase) were decreased and those of the citric acid cycle (citrate synthase, 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase) were not different between groups.	Carbohydrates	29-41	hexokinase-2	Oryctolagus cuniculus	69-79
3366475-8	1988	Activities of key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism (phosphorylase, hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and lactate dehydrogenase) were increased, while those of ketone body metabolism (3-oxoacid-CoA transferase, acetoacetyl-CoA synthase) were decreased and those of the citric acid cycle (citrate synthase, 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase) were not different between groups.	Carbohydrates	29-41	ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type	Oryctolagus cuniculus	81-100
3356692-10	1988	Thus, rTNF interacts with uromodulin via carbohydrate chains that are less processed than the major tetraantennary chain, and this interaction may be critical in promoting clearance and/or reducing toxicity of TNF and other lymphokines.	Carbohydrates	41-53	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	6-10
3360006-0	1988	Structural variability of the neutral carbohydrate moiety of cow colostrum kappa-casein as a function of time after parturition.	Carbohydrates	38-50	casein kappa	Bos taurus	75-87
3285129-6	1988	Massively obese patients are resistant to the action of insulin on carbohydrate and fat metabolism.	Carbohydrates	67-79	insulin	Homo sapiens	56-63
3285129-7	1988	Weight loss following gastroplasty results in an improvement in sensitivity to insulin, which is evident earlier in carbohydrate metabolism than in fat metabolism.	Carbohydrates	116-128	insulin	Homo sapiens	79-86
3128331-1	1988	The carbohydrate portion of polymeric haptoglobin was gradually removed by exoglycosidases in order to investigate its role in complex formation between haptoglobin and hemoglobin.	Carbohydrates	4-16	haptoglobin	Homo sapiens	38-49
3128331-1	1988	The carbohydrate portion of polymeric haptoglobin was gradually removed by exoglycosidases in order to investigate its role in complex formation between haptoglobin and hemoglobin.	Carbohydrates	4-16	haptoglobin	Homo sapiens	153-164
3128331-3	1988	Removal of about 25% of the galactose residues from asialohaptoglobin, i.e., about 40% of the total weight of the carbohydrate moiety, totally inhibited the ability of haptoglobin to form complex with hemoglobin and react with haptoglobin-specific antibodies.	Carbohydrates	114-126	haptoglobin	Homo sapiens	58-69
3128331-3	1988	Removal of about 25% of the galactose residues from asialohaptoglobin, i.e., about 40% of the total weight of the carbohydrate moiety, totally inhibited the ability of haptoglobin to form complex with hemoglobin and react with haptoglobin-specific antibodies.	Carbohydrates	114-126	haptoglobin	Homo sapiens	168-179
3128331-5	1988	Removal of a similar part of the carbohydrate moiety from haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex did not liberate hemoglobin from it, and the complex reacted with haptoglobin antibodies.	Carbohydrates	33-45	haptoglobin	Homo sapiens	58-69
3128331-5	1988	Removal of a similar part of the carbohydrate moiety from haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex did not liberate hemoglobin from it, and the complex reacted with haptoglobin antibodies.	Carbohydrates	33-45	haptoglobin	Homo sapiens	155-166
3128331-6	1988	The combined data indicate that the carbohydrate portion is essential for the functionally active form of polymeric haptoglobin to complex with hemoglobin, but it hardly has any direct role in the binding event, and other factors are responsible for the stability of the complex.	Carbohydrates	36-48	haptoglobin	Homo sapiens	116-127
3356692-10	1988	Thus, rTNF interacts with uromodulin via carbohydrate chains that are less processed than the major tetraantennary chain, and this interaction may be critical in promoting clearance and/or reducing toxicity of TNF and other lymphokines.	Carbohydrates	41-53	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	7-10
3042308-1	1988	Although plasma glucose and insulin responses have been shown to vary considerably when either normal subjects or patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) consume different carbohydrate-rich foods, it has been difficult to demonstrate this phenomenon when the same foods have been incorporated into a single mixed meal.	Carbohydrates	194-206	insulin	Homo sapiens	28-35
3128350-0	1988	Adhesive properties of the carbohydrate-modified von Willebrand factor (CHO-vWF).	Carbohydrates	27-39	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	49-70
3128350-1	1988	In this cooperative study, we explored the role of the carbohydrate moiety (CHO) of von Willebrand factor (vWF) in supporting platelet adhesion.	Carbohydrates	55-67	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	84-105
3128350-1	1988	In this cooperative study, we explored the role of the carbohydrate moiety (CHO) of von Willebrand factor (vWF) in supporting platelet adhesion.	Carbohydrates	55-67	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	107-110
3042309-4	1988	The mean 24-h insulin requirements to maintain normoglycemia was greater for the 60% carbohydrate diet than the 40% diet.	Carbohydrates	85-97	insulin	Homo sapiens	14-21
3042309-6	1988	Expressed as milliunits per kilocalorie, the amount of insulin to cover breakfast was greater for the 60% (P less than .05) than the 40% carbohydrate diet and greater for breakfast than the other meals (P less than .01).	Carbohydrates	137-149	insulin	Homo sapiens	55-62
3042309-7	1988	Insulin requirements for the Big Mac (43% carbohydrate) were 58% greater than for the 40% carbohydrate diet, even after correction for caloric differences.	Carbohydrates	42-54	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
3042309-8	1988	In summary, 1) increasing dietary carbohydrate from 40 to 60% results in an increased insulin requirement for meals only; 2) insulin requirements are greater in the morning than in the evening, even when meal size is constant; and 3) very large meals with high fat and carbohydrate content result in a major increase in insulin requirement.	Carbohydrates	34-46	insulin	Homo sapiens	86-93
2453854-4	1988	These effects of GAL stand in contrast to those of neuropeptide Y (NPY), which is co-localized with NE in the PVN and which induced in these animals a strong and selective enhancement of carbohydrate intake after PVN injection.	Carbohydrates	187-199	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	51-65
3132203-1	1988	Incubation of carbohydrate-free human serum albumin (HSA) with fructose in an aqueous buffer at pH 7.4 resulted in glycation of epsilon-amino groups of lysyl residues.	Carbohydrates	14-26	albumin	Homo sapiens	38-51
3046818-6	1988	Possibly as a result of increased insulin action high carbohydrate, low fat utilization and increased food-induced thermogenesis were observed in the newly-diagnosed diabetic children.	Carbohydrates	54-66	insulin	Homo sapiens	34-41
3291769-4	1988	Topics on the research advance of the CEA gene family and carbohydrate structure of CEA molecule were reviewed.	Carbohydrates	58-70	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	84-87
2835977-4	1988	Diet 1 contained 40% of energy as carbohydrate and 10 g dietary fibre representing typical Western intakes.	Carbohydrates	34-46	MAM and LDL receptor class A domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	0-6
3286330-0	1988	Muscle glycogen synthesis and disposition of infused glucose in humans with reduced rates of insulin-mediated carbohydrate storage.	Carbohydrates	110-122	insulin	Homo sapiens	93-100
2453854-4	1988	These effects of GAL stand in contrast to those of neuropeptide Y (NPY), which is co-localized with NE in the PVN and which induced in these animals a strong and selective enhancement of carbohydrate intake after PVN injection.	Carbohydrates	187-199	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	67-70
3135668-2	1988	The transcortin variety has been found in retroplacental blood serum and differed from the glycoprotein of healthy donors by the structure of carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	142-154	serpin family A member 6	Homo sapiens	4-15
2449968-1	1988	A family of glycoconjugates has recently been shown to share a common carbohydrate epitope recognized by the mouse monoclonal antibody HNK-1.	Carbohydrates	70-82	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	135-140
3279802-0	1988	Normalization of carbohydrate-induced thermogenesis by fructose in insulin-resistant states.	Carbohydrates	17-29	insulin	Homo sapiens	67-74
3279802-4	1988	After fructose ingestion the increase in carbohydrate oxidation in the three insulin-resistant groups remained below that observed in the younger volunteers, whereas carbohydrate-induced thermogenesis was enhanced to levels that were comparable with those seen in the younger group.	Carbohydrates	41-53	insulin	Homo sapiens	77-84
3279802-5	1988	These data suggest that 1) the stimulation of thermogenesis after fructose ingestion is related to an augmentation of intracellular metabolism rather than an increase in the plasma insulin concentration per se, 2) the insulin resistance of aging, obesity, and diabetes is associated with a defect in intracellular carbohydrate oxidation, and 3) the cellular mechanisms involved in carbohydrate-induced thermogenesis are not primarily impaired in insulin-resistant states.	Carbohydrates	314-326	insulin	Homo sapiens	218-225
3279802-5	1988	These data suggest that 1) the stimulation of thermogenesis after fructose ingestion is related to an augmentation of intracellular metabolism rather than an increase in the plasma insulin concentration per se, 2) the insulin resistance of aging, obesity, and diabetes is associated with a defect in intracellular carbohydrate oxidation, and 3) the cellular mechanisms involved in carbohydrate-induced thermogenesis are not primarily impaired in insulin-resistant states.	Carbohydrates	314-326	insulin	Homo sapiens	218-225
3279802-5	1988	These data suggest that 1) the stimulation of thermogenesis after fructose ingestion is related to an augmentation of intracellular metabolism rather than an increase in the plasma insulin concentration per se, 2) the insulin resistance of aging, obesity, and diabetes is associated with a defect in intracellular carbohydrate oxidation, and 3) the cellular mechanisms involved in carbohydrate-induced thermogenesis are not primarily impaired in insulin-resistant states.	Carbohydrates	381-393	insulin	Homo sapiens	218-225
3279802-5	1988	These data suggest that 1) the stimulation of thermogenesis after fructose ingestion is related to an augmentation of intracellular metabolism rather than an increase in the plasma insulin concentration per se, 2) the insulin resistance of aging, obesity, and diabetes is associated with a defect in intracellular carbohydrate oxidation, and 3) the cellular mechanisms involved in carbohydrate-induced thermogenesis are not primarily impaired in insulin-resistant states.	Carbohydrates	381-393	insulin	Homo sapiens	218-225
3279804-0	1988	Insulin response of components of whole-body and muscle carbohydrate metabolism in humans.	Carbohydrates	56-68	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
3335015-3	1988	The Lex and Leg antigens are closely related carbohydrate antigens synthesized on type 2 blood group oligosaccharide side chains of glycolipids and glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	45-57	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	4-7
3277013-10	1988	Diseases of carbohydrate tolerance, ie, NIDDM, impaired glucose tolerance, obesity, are frequently associated with elevated circulating insulin levels, either physiologically or secondary to treatment.	Carbohydrates	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	136-143
3260709-5	1988	Blocking effect of carbohydrate-free gp70 as well as p15(E) antigens could be observed less frequently.	Carbohydrates	19-31	embigin	Homo sapiens	37-41
2459929-2	1988	The majority of the carbohydrates is carried on two proteins: 1) Band 3 (which carries a high molecular weight polylactosamine, variously termed "Erythroglycan", "poly(glycosyl)peptide" or "lactosaminoglycan" and 2) Glycophorin A (which carries 15 O-linked tetrasaccharides and 1 triantennary N-linked structure).	Carbohydrates	20-33	glycophorin A (MNS blood group)	Homo sapiens	216-229
2903717-3	1988	The rise in serotonin can thus be produced by any carbohydrate that elicits insulin secretion, independent of its sweetness.	Carbohydrates	50-62	insulin	Homo sapiens	76-83
3276722-1	1988	Previous studies suggest that the rate of rise of the plasma glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) concentration, rather than the steady state level achieved, may be the stimulus of the increased insulin secretion that occurs when fat is ingested with carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	261-273	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	61-101
3276722-1	1988	Previous studies suggest that the rate of rise of the plasma glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) concentration, rather than the steady state level achieved, may be the stimulus of the increased insulin secretion that occurs when fat is ingested with carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	261-273	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	103-106
3276722-1	1988	Previous studies suggest that the rate of rise of the plasma glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) concentration, rather than the steady state level achieved, may be the stimulus of the increased insulin secretion that occurs when fat is ingested with carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	261-273	insulin	Homo sapiens	79-86
3422511-8	1988	The large lymphoblast syn-DTH-stimulating antigen contains carbohydrate residues but not products of the H-2 genetic region.	Carbohydrates	59-71	joined toes	Mus musculus	22-25
3291683-7	1988	In particular, the insulin resistance is markedly improved after depletion of body iron stores by phlebotomy treatment, resulting in lower insulin requirements in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes as well as improvement of carbohydrate metabolisms in about half of the patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes.	Carbohydrates	230-242	insulin	Homo sapiens	19-26
2452808-3	1988	Both of the axolemmal carbohydrate moieties were shown to be subjected to transganglionic regulation, even though the effects of transganglionic degenerative atrophy become evident considerably later than the depletion of axoplasmic marker substances like fluoride resistant acid phosphatase and thiamine monophosphatase.	Carbohydrates	22-34	acid phosphatase 3	Rattus norvegicus	296-320
2456146-3	1988	HNK-1 (Leu 7) is a monoclonal IgM antibody which recognizes a carbohydrate epitope on NK cells and a wide range of tumor cell types.	Carbohydrates	62-74	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
2456146-3	1988	HNK-1 (Leu 7) is a monoclonal IgM antibody which recognizes a carbohydrate epitope on NK cells and a wide range of tumor cell types.	Carbohydrates	62-74	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	7-12
2835273-1	1988	This review seeks to assemble recent discoveries about insulin receptor/kinase, guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphatidyl inositol metabolism, and protein phosphatases to provide a mechanistic pathway by which insulin would alter carbohydrate and fat metabolism.	Carbohydrates	238-250	insulin	Homo sapiens	55-62
2908743-0	1988	Evidence that Thy-1 and Ly-5 (T-200) antigens interact with sulphated carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	70-83	thymus cell antigen 1, theta	Mus musculus	14-19
2835273-12	1988	Ultimately, protein phosphatase type-1 and/or the disulfide isomerase may together mediate the pleiotropic effects of insulin on carbohydrate and fat metabolism.	Carbohydrates	129-141	insulin	Homo sapiens	118-125
2908743-6	1988	It was found that the Thy-1 and Ly-5 (T-200 or leucocyte common antigen) molecules of murine thymocytes bind to sulphated carbohydrates, although the two molecules differed substantially in their reactivity with the four different SP tested.	Carbohydrates	122-135	thymus cell antigen 1, theta	Mus musculus	22-27
2835273-1	1988	This review seeks to assemble recent discoveries about insulin receptor/kinase, guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphatidyl inositol metabolism, and protein phosphatases to provide a mechanistic pathway by which insulin would alter carbohydrate and fat metabolism.	Carbohydrates	238-250	insulin	Homo sapiens	218-225
2450314-0	1987	Integrin, the cell surface receptor for fibronectin and laminin, expresses the L2/HNK-1 and L3 carbohydrate structures shared by adhesion molecules.	Carbohydrates	95-107	laminin, beta 2 (laminin S)	Gallus gallus	56-63
3057303-0	1988	Evidence for the involvement of protein-carbohydrate interaction in hematopoietic, multipotential colony-stimulating factor-dependent stem cell proliferation.	Carbohydrates	40-52	interleukin 3	Mus musculus	83-123
3057303-3	1988	Interference of certain saccharides with murine multipotential colony-stimulating factor (multi-CSF)-dependent colony formation from progenitor cells in semisolid agar raised evidence for similar potential involvement of protein-carbohydrate interactions.	Carbohydrates	229-241	interleukin 3	Mus musculus	48-88
3057303-3	1988	Interference of certain saccharides with murine multipotential colony-stimulating factor (multi-CSF)-dependent colony formation from progenitor cells in semisolid agar raised evidence for similar potential involvement of protein-carbohydrate interactions.	Carbohydrates	229-241	interleukin 3	Mus musculus	90-99
3281173-15	1988	Because insulin promotes fat and carbohydrate storage while GH stimulates lipolysis, the combination of high insulin and low GH concentrations may worsen the obese condition.	Carbohydrates	33-45	insulin	Homo sapiens	8-15
3354262-6	1988	Acid-stable, heat-stable polypeptides of bovine milk had the lowest carbohydrate content (4 mg/100 mg protein), whereas the highest content was found in ewe"s milk (7.30 mg/100 mg protein) mainly as a result of the high galactose, mannose and glucosamine content.	Carbohydrates	68-80	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	48-52
3680240-2	1987	Hybrids which contain human chromosome 11 have been demonstrated to express the myeloid-associated carbohydrate antigen Lex (Geurts van Kessel, A. H. M., Tetteroo, P. A. T., Von dem Borne, A. E. G.	Carbohydrates	99-111	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	120-123
3442600-9	1987	The difference between A1a and A1b activator is due to the carbohydrate part.	Carbohydrates	59-71	syntrophin beta 1	Homo sapiens	31-34
3442600-10	1987	The total amount of 49% carbohydrate in A1a and 76.7% in A1b consists mainly of hexoses.	Carbohydrates	24-36	syntrophin beta 1	Homo sapiens	57-60
2445915-0	1987	An immunoglobulin M monoclonal antibody, recognizing a subset of acetylcholinesterase molecules from electric organs of Electrophorus and Torpedo, belongs to the HNK-1 anti-carbohydrate family.	Carbohydrates	173-185	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	65-85
2445915-0	1987	An immunoglobulin M monoclonal antibody, recognizing a subset of acetylcholinesterase molecules from electric organs of Electrophorus and Torpedo, belongs to the HNK-1 anti-carbohydrate family.	Carbohydrates	173-185	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	162-167
2445915-8	1987	The specificity of Elec-39 resembles that of a family of anti-carbohydrate antibodies that includes HNK-1, L2, NC-1, NSP-4, as well as IgMs that occur in human neuropathies.	Carbohydrates	62-74	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	100-105
2445919-2	1987	The glycoconjugates studied have in common a similar carbohydrate determinant which is bound by many antibodies, including the mouse monoclonal antibody HNK-1, and human IgM paraproteins from patients with neuropathy.	Carbohydrates	53-65	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	153-158
2447531-1	1987	On the basis of recent evidence that the carbohydrate structures L2/HNK-1 and L3 are shared by several neural cell adhesion molecules, we have suggested that other glycoproteins carrying these carbohydrate structures are adhesion molecules.	Carbohydrates	41-53	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	68-73
3427589-4	1987	The value of the method for preparative purposes was demonstrated for sialic acid-containing carbohydrates obtained from human serotransferrin by hydrazinolysis.	Carbohydrates	93-106	transferrin	Homo sapiens	127-142
2447531-1	1987	On the basis of recent evidence that the carbohydrate structures L2/HNK-1 and L3 are shared by several neural cell adhesion molecules, we have suggested that other glycoproteins carrying these carbohydrate structures are adhesion molecules.	Carbohydrates	193-205	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	68-73
3663948-9	1987	This study demonstrates a unique subpopulation of MPO-containing microgranules in normal and leukemic human myeloid cells that are distinguished from (other) primary granules by their extremely low density, small size, content of complex carbohydrates, and resistance to secretion.	Carbohydrates	238-251	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	50-53
3688223-1	1987	The rapid and marked response of hepatic mRNA-S14 sequence to both triiodothyronine and carbohydrate intake has made this sequence an attractive model for studying the action of hormonal and dietary factors.	Carbohydrates	88-100	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
3330435-6	1987	By using the euglycaemic insulin clamp technique or by giving oral glucose loads, it has been shown that the main effect of insulin on carbohydrate metabolism is to stimulate glucose storage.	Carbohydrates	135-147	insulin	Homo sapiens	124-131
3451554-4	1987	It is the operation in combination with the rational insulin therapy which gives the correction of the carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	103-115	insulin	Homo sapiens	53-60
3320694-7	1987	Augmented insulin secretion and increased insulin sensitivity induced by chronic omega 3 fatty acid ingestion would positively influence carbohydrate metabolism and improve glucose homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	137-149	insulin	Homo sapiens	10-17
3314559-10	1987	Successive loss of sialic acid is compatible with the presence of different transferrin forms, and our results indicate that the main differences between the serum transferrin forms from healthy and alcoholic individuals are in successive changes of the carbohydrate chains attached at positions 413 and 611.	Carbohydrates	254-266	transferrin	Homo sapiens	164-175
3314562-0	1987	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in serum in patients with liver diseases.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
3314562-1	1987	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in serum was analyzed by isocratic microanion exchange chromatography at pH 5.65 followed by a transferrin radioimmunoassay in 102 patients with biopsy-verified liver diseases.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
2889363-18	1987	In conclusion, somatostatin alters glucose clearance in 7-day fasted dogs, resulting in changes in several indices of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	118-130	somatostatin	Canis lupus familiaris	15-27
3310658-3	1987	The insulin sensitivity of carbohydrate and lipid oxidation was independent of glycemia, but glucose, independent of insulin, increased the absolute rate of carbohydrate oxidation and decreased lipid oxidation.	Carbohydrates	27-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	4-11
3314562-1	1987	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in serum was analyzed by isocratic microanion exchange chromatography at pH 5.65 followed by a transferrin radioimmunoassay in 102 patients with biopsy-verified liver diseases.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	136-147
3310658-3	1987	The insulin sensitivity of carbohydrate and lipid oxidation was independent of glycemia, but glucose, independent of insulin, increased the absolute rate of carbohydrate oxidation and decreased lipid oxidation.	Carbohydrates	157-169	insulin	Homo sapiens	4-11
3314587-7	1987	Using this "protease-free" enzyme at up to a 1:20 molar ratio, fibrinogen that is completely deglycosylated and native has been generated in order to determine the role of the carbohydrate moieties in its function.	Carbohydrates	176-188	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	63-73
3310658-4	1987	To compare the ability of glucose and insulin to stimulate carbohydrate oxidation, oxidation rates were examined at similar rates of total glucose disposal induced by hyperinsulinemia or hyperglycemia.	Carbohydrates	59-71	insulin	Homo sapiens	38-45
3310658-5	1987	At physiological matched rates of glucose disposal, insulin stimulated carbohydrate oxidation 2.4-fold more than glucose.	Carbohydrates	71-83	insulin	Homo sapiens	52-59
3310658-8	1987	We conclude that both glucose and insulin can increase carbohydrate oxidation in humans.	Carbohydrates	55-67	insulin	Homo sapiens	34-41
3310658-10	1987	Although FFA availability is almost solely determined by insulin, both glucose and insulin can increase carbohydrate oxidation by increasing glucose availability.	Carbohydrates	104-116	insulin	Homo sapiens	83-90
3308584-0	1987	Effects of tolazamide and exogenous insulin on pattern of postprandial carbohydrate metabolism in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.	Carbohydrates	71-83	insulin	Homo sapiens	36-43
3653510-1	1987	The HNK-1 antibody recognizes a carbohydrate moiety that is shared by a family of cell adhesion molecules and is also present on the surface of migrating neural crest cells.	Carbohydrates	32-44	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	4-9
3614277-0	1987	Effects of proinsulin on carbohydrate metabolism in diabetes mellitus.	Carbohydrates	25-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	11-21
3115333-12	1987	Abnormalities in vWF carbohydrate may play a role in impaired primary hemostasis in some patients with von Willebrand"s disease.	Carbohydrates	21-33	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	17-20
3309010-6	1987	Other glucoregulatory hormones such as glucagon, growth hormone, cortisol, thyroid hormones, somatostatin, and gastric inhibitory polypeptide may contribute to the aberrations of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	179-191	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	49-63
3308584-2	1987	To determine whether therapy with exogenous insulin or sulfonylureas results in a postprandial pattern of carbohydrate metabolism in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) that resembles that in nondiabetic individuals, we employed a dual-isotope technique combined with forearm catheterization to examine meal disposition in NIDDM patients, before and after 3 mo of therapy with tolazamide and after 3 mo of therapy with exogenous insulin, with a randomized crossover design.	Carbohydrates	106-118	insulin	Homo sapiens	44-51
3624248-0	1987	Carbohydrate structure of erythropoietin expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells by a human erythropoietin cDNA.	Carbohydrates	0-12	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	93-107
3624248-10	1987	We have also shown that the carbohydrate moiety of urinary erythropoietin is indistinguishable from recombinant erythropoietin except for a slight difference in sialylation, providing the evidence that recombinant erythropoietin is valuable for biological as well as clinical use.	Carbohydrates	28-40	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	59-73
3322103-2	1987	To preclude any carbohydrate-dependent binding to the sugar residues on the glycoprotein peroxidase, the enzyme has to be treated with sodium periodate and sodium cyanoborohydride prior to coupling, which results in oxidative cleavage of the carbohydrates and reduction of the aldehydes thus formed to primary alcohols.	Carbohydrates	16-28	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: peroxidase 60	Ricinus communis	89-99
3322103-2	1987	To preclude any carbohydrate-dependent binding to the sugar residues on the glycoprotein peroxidase, the enzyme has to be treated with sodium periodate and sodium cyanoborohydride prior to coupling, which results in oxidative cleavage of the carbohydrates and reduction of the aldehydes thus formed to primary alcohols.	Carbohydrates	242-255	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: peroxidase 60	Ricinus communis	89-99
3675870-2	1987	The N-terminal amino-acid sequence of the A1a activator--a glycoprotein with high carbohydrate content--could be determined up to position 38.	Carbohydrates	82-94	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	42-45
3315622-9	1987	In the meantime, human insulin should be considered the insulin of "first choice" for newly diagnosed diabetics requiring insulin therapy and in carbohydrate intolerance and diabetes occurring during pregnancy.	Carbohydrates	145-157	insulin	Homo sapiens	23-30
2856412-0	1987	Interaction of dietary carbohydrate and glucagon in regulation of rat hepatic messenger ribonucleic acid S14 expression: role of circadian factors and 3",5"-cyclic adenosine monophosphate.	Carbohydrates	23-35	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	105-108
3478423-1	1987	Transferrin is a serum glycoprotein which contains four sialic acid residues located at the end of two branched carbohydrate structures.	Carbohydrates	112-124	transferrin	Homo sapiens	0-11
3114304-5	1987	These data support the view that the decrease in plasma HDL cholesterol and apoA-I levels commonly found in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes is due to an increase in the catabolic rate of apoA-I/HDL secondary to the defects in carbohydrate metabolism present in these patients.	Carbohydrates	238-250	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	76-82
3114304-5	1987	These data support the view that the decrease in plasma HDL cholesterol and apoA-I levels commonly found in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes is due to an increase in the catabolic rate of apoA-I/HDL secondary to the defects in carbohydrate metabolism present in these patients.	Carbohydrates	238-250	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	199-205
2856412-1	1987	The mRNA of the rat hepatic S14 gene accumulates rapidly after administration of T3 and carbohydrate, making it an excellent model for studies of the effects of dietary and hormonal stimuli at the hepatocellular level.	Carbohydrates	88-100	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
2856412-3	1987	As in the case of T3, the response of mRNA-S14 to carbohydrate in the morning was brisk whereas there was no significant increment when the stimulus was applied in the evening.	Carbohydrates	50-62	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	43-46
2856412-5	1987	These results support the concept that the rate of hepatic production of mRNA-S14 in unmanipulated rats is maximal in the evening, thus allowing no further induction by carbohydrate or T3 but permitting reduction by glucagon.	Carbohydrates	169-181	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
2444130-0	1987	Specific interaction of IgE antibodies with a carbohydrate epitope of honey bee venom phospholipase A2.	Carbohydrates	46-58	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	24-27
3314601-0	1987	[Use of insulin-glucose therapy for the correction of carbohydrate metabolism during open-heart surgery].	Carbohydrates	54-66	insulin	Homo sapiens	8-15
3304893-0	1987	Effect of source of dietary carbohydrate on plasma glucose and insulin responses to mixed meals in subjects with NIDDM.	Carbohydrates	28-40	insulin	Homo sapiens	63-70
3664367-3	1987	It has been shown that good yields (0.5-1.0 g L-1) can be achieved on synthetic media provided an insoluble carbohydrate is included and provided single-spore isolates that have this production ability are selected from time to time.	Carbohydrates	108-120	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-16	Homo sapiens	46-49
3581081-0	1987	Structural studies of the carbohydrate moieties of carcinoembryonic antigens.	Carbohydrates	26-38	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	51-76
3304910-3	1987	In this study the glycemic and insulin responses to 50 g of carbohydrate in the form of white bread (WB), semolina bread (SB), white spaghetti (WS) and wholemeal spaghetti (BS) were compared in ten noninsulin-dependent diabetics.	Carbohydrates	60-72	insulin	Homo sapiens	31-38
3584143-3	1987	This lectin, which we shall refer to as SB-1 lectin, was isolated on the basis of its carbohydrate-binding activity (affinity chromatography on Sepharose column derivatized with N-caproyl-galactosamine) and its immunological cross-reactivity (immunoblotting with rabbit antibodies directed against seed soybean agglutinin (SBA].	Carbohydrates	86-98	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: lectin	Glycine max	5-11
3115291-2	1987	Sialophorin is greater than 50% carbohydrate, primarily O-linked units of sialic acid, galactose, and galactosamine.	Carbohydrates	32-44	sialophorin	Homo sapiens	0-11
3671295-9	1987	This suggests that the carbohydrate moiety of ovalbumin is not essential for the secretion of ovalbumin.	Carbohydrates	23-35	ovalbumin	Coturnix japonica	46-55
2955371-4	1987	Growth hormone assays were performed after carbohydrate load and administration of thyroid stimulating hormone.	Carbohydrates	43-55	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	0-14
3495591-6	1987	Studies of the mitogenic and polyclonal B cell activation properties of M1 carbohydrates indicated that B cell proliferation is induced in both xid (Lyb-3-, 5-) and normal (Lyb-3-, 5- and Lyb-3+, 5+) splenic B cell subpopulations, but that differentiation to IgM synthesis fails to occur in the Lyb-3-, 5- B cell subpopulation.	Carbohydrates	75-88	Bruton agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase	Mus musculus	144-147
3584143-3	1987	This lectin, which we shall refer to as SB-1 lectin, was isolated on the basis of its carbohydrate-binding activity (affinity chromatography on Sepharose column derivatized with N-caproyl-galactosamine) and its immunological cross-reactivity (immunoblotting with rabbit antibodies directed against seed soybean agglutinin (SBA].	Carbohydrates	86-98	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: lectin	Glycine max	45-51
2438288-4	1987	AMOG is an integral cell surface glycoprotein of 45-50-kD molecular weight with a carbohydrate content of at least 30%.	Carbohydrates	82-94	ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit beta 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
2445351-0	1987	[Localization of the antigenic determinants in carcinoembryonic antigen: the role of the carbohydrate component].	Carbohydrates	89-101	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	47-71
3606145-7	1987	Studies on the chemical nature of the antigenic determinant of the YH206 antigen suggested that MoAb YH206 recognized a unique carbohydrate determinant of a novel adenocarcinoma-associated antigen in the sera of cancer patients.	Carbohydrates	127-139	epithelial cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	163-196
3497890-1	1987	Alpha-1-protease inhibitor, (alpha-1-PI), the major inhibitor of serine proteases in human plasma, has three asparagine-linked carbohydrate chains located at positions 46, 83 and 247.	Carbohydrates	127-139	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	0-26
3596002-0	1987	Heterogeneity in the carbohydrate structure of rat angiotensinogen.	Carbohydrates	21-33	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	51-66
2436750-1	1987	The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor in two colon carcinoma lines and in one vulval carcinoma line tested contains carbohydrate determinants that are recognized by monoclonal antibodies to tumor-associated antigens.	Carbohydrates	121-133	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	4-42
2437185-13	1987	The implication of these results is that mAb, whose specificity is directed to the carbohydrate part of human MAG, reacts with the Leu-7 reactive molecules on human MNC, and that at least two epitopes detected by anti-MAG mAb coexist on the surface molecules with various apparent m.w.	Carbohydrates	83-95	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	131-136
2436750-5	1987	Although EGF receptor represents only 0.1-2% of total plasma membrane proteins of antigen-positive carcinomas, it accounts for 20-80% of total protein-associated sialylated Lea/Y type of nonsecreted carbohydrates present in these cells.	Carbohydrates	199-212	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	9-21
3607040-3	1987	Sedimentation equilibrium experiments showed the recombinant erythropoietin preparation to be essentially a single macromolecular component with a molecular weight of 30,400 and a carbohydrate content of 39%.	Carbohydrates	180-192	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	61-75
3106357-5	1987	Six other enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism (succinate thiokinase and isocitrate, glucose-6-phosphate, succinate semialdehyde, glutamate, and malate dehydrogenase) utilize CO2 adducts as reactive substrate analogues.	Carbohydrates	21-33	malic enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	143-163
3296597-5	1987	The effect of insulin on the carbohydrate units of BM-like material was studied by concanavalin A-Sepharose chromatography of glycopeptides and by analyses of neutral hexoses and amino sugars.	Carbohydrates	29-41	insulin	Homo sapiens	14-21
3301316-0	1987	Effect of growth hormone on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	28-40	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	10-24
3301482-7	1987	Estimates of the index of insulin sensitivity from intravenous glucose tolerance or intravenous tolbutamide procedures both on and off treatment were significantly correlated (off treatment: rs = 0.71, n = 9, p less than 0.05; on treatment: rs = 0.69, n = 9, p less than 0.05); (C) A group of patient undergoing investigations for suspected disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism was studied, each patient having had both an intravenous tolbutamide and intravenous glucose tolerance test.	Carbohydrates	357-369	insulin	Homo sapiens	26-33
3549759-8	1987	These observations indicate that insulin resistance in obesity is due to a defect in the rate as well as absolute response achieved and suggest that under conditions of daily living the contribution of insulin resistance to impaired carbohydrate tolerance is greater than that previously estimated by a constant insulin infusion.	Carbohydrates	233-245	insulin	Homo sapiens	33-40
3549759-8	1987	These observations indicate that insulin resistance in obesity is due to a defect in the rate as well as absolute response achieved and suggest that under conditions of daily living the contribution of insulin resistance to impaired carbohydrate tolerance is greater than that previously estimated by a constant insulin infusion.	Carbohydrates	233-245	insulin	Homo sapiens	202-209
3549759-8	1987	These observations indicate that insulin resistance in obesity is due to a defect in the rate as well as absolute response achieved and suggest that under conditions of daily living the contribution of insulin resistance to impaired carbohydrate tolerance is greater than that previously estimated by a constant insulin infusion.	Carbohydrates	233-245	insulin	Homo sapiens	202-209
3307258-4	1987	Correction of carbohydrate metabolism disorders in these surgical pathologies in spite of the different pathogenetic mechanisms might be achieved by exogenous insulin administration, and also by insulin administration together with indomethacin, a nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agent, inhibiting prostaglandin production.	Carbohydrates	14-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	159-166
3307258-4	1987	Correction of carbohydrate metabolism disorders in these surgical pathologies in spite of the different pathogenetic mechanisms might be achieved by exogenous insulin administration, and also by insulin administration together with indomethacin, a nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agent, inhibiting prostaglandin production.	Carbohydrates	14-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	195-202
3549733-8	1987	The invertase from a mutant, mnn1 mnn9 dpg1, which underglycosylates its glycoproteins and produces invertase with 4-7 oligosaccharide chains, forms oligomers of much lower stability than the mnn1 mnn9 invertase, which has 8-11 carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	228-240	alpha-1,3-mannosyltransferase MNN1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	29-33
3593430-1	1987	Cyanogen bromide and chymotryptic fragments both containing a carbohydrate chain were obtained from the glycosylated form of porcine prolactin.	Carbohydrates	62-74	prolactin	Homo sapiens	133-142
3593430-0	1987	[Structure of the carbohydrate chain of glycosylated porcine prolactin].	Carbohydrates	18-30	prolactin	Homo sapiens	61-70
3826420-6	1987	Following administration of NPY, rats preferred a high-carbohydrate diet over a high-fat or high-protein diet.	Carbohydrates	55-67	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
3647613-0	1987	[Carbohydrate allowance and blood sugar equilibrium in the insulin-dependent diabetic].	Carbohydrates	1-13	insulin	Homo sapiens	59-66
3803736-6	1987	We conclude that a decreased carbohydrate tolerance associated with winter can explain the seasonal variation in the incidence of IDDM and that this seasonality is caused by the precipitation of overt carbohydrate intolerance in individuals with already seriously compromised insulin secretory capacity.	Carbohydrates	201-213	insulin	Homo sapiens	276-283
3814146-4	1987	Each repetitive domains contains 4 cysteines at precisely the same positions and as many as 28 possible N-glycosylation sites are found in the CEA peptide region agreeing with high carbohydrate content of purified CEA.	Carbohydrates	181-193	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	143-146
3033860-0	1987	[The role of vasopressin and oxytocin in the regulation of glycemia levels and carbohydrate metabolism in the liver].	Carbohydrates	79-91	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	13-24
3543679-0	1987	The effects of biosynthetic human proinsulin on carbohydrate metabolism in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.	Carbohydrates	48-60	insulin	Homo sapiens	34-44
3029088-6	1987	The carbohydrate-binding portion of MBP-A is encoded by the remaining two exons.	Carbohydrates	4-16	mannose binding lectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-41
3492271-2	1987	In an effort to overcome this problem we destroyed the carbohydrate on ricin A chain by treating it with a mixture of sodium metaperiodate and sodium cyanoborohydride and then linked the "deglycosylated" A chain to monoclonal anti-Thy 1.1 antibody.	Carbohydrates	55-67	thymus cell antigen 1, theta	Mus musculus	231-238
3033393-5	1987	During this time a progressive deterioration of carbohydrate tolerance was observed, indicated by a gradual increase of the postprandial glycemic response (area under the curve) from -316 to +3874 mg/dl X min without significant alteration of postprandial serum insulin concentrations.	Carbohydrates	48-60	insulin	Homo sapiens	262-269
3814146-4	1987	Each repetitive domains contains 4 cysteines at precisely the same positions and as many as 28 possible N-glycosylation sites are found in the CEA peptide region agreeing with high carbohydrate content of purified CEA.	Carbohydrates	181-193	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	214-217
3542998-1	1987	We recently described the insulin-dependent release of a carbohydrate substance from plasma membranes which regulated certain intracellular enzymes (Saltiel, A. R., and Cuatrecasas, P. (1986) Proc.	Carbohydrates	57-69	insulin	Homo sapiens	26-33
3542998-15	1987	These data further suggest that insulin stimulates the activity of a phospholipase C which selectively hydrolyzes a novel PI-glycan, releasing a carbohydrate enzyme modulator as well as a unique species of diacylglycerol.	Carbohydrates	145-157	insulin	Homo sapiens	32-39
3805007-1	1987	The gene for S14 in the rat codes for an mRNA which in lipogenic tissues (liver, fat, mammary gland) responds both to L-triiodothyronine and a high-carbohydrate, fat-free diet.	Carbohydrates	148-160	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	13-16
3586016-6	1987	The most highly conserved sequences of the alpha 1(I), alpha 2(I), alpha 1(II), alpha 1(III) and alpha 2(V) COOH-propeptides include regions surrounding the carbohydrate attachment site, cysteine-containing regions and the COOH-terminal sequences.	Carbohydrates	157-169	collagen type V alpha 2 chain	Homo sapiens	97-107
3032162-7	1987	The results indicate that the glycoprotein of rat hepatoma plasma membranes, which has an unusually high content of carbohydrate, is another membrane protein released by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, as documented for alkaline phosphatase, acetylcholinesterase and Thy-1 antigen.	Carbohydrates	116-128	Thy-1 cell surface antigen	Rattus norvegicus	282-295
3813528-0	1987	Developmental study of human fetal placental fibronectin: alterations in carbohydrates of tissue fibronectin during gestation.	Carbohydrates	73-86	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	45-56
3813528-0	1987	Developmental study of human fetal placental fibronectin: alterations in carbohydrates of tissue fibronectin during gestation.	Carbohydrates	73-86	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	97-108
3813528-1	1987	Human term placental tissue fibronectin contains about twice the carbohydrate content of human adult plasma fibronectin or fetal plasma fibronectin.	Carbohydrates	65-77	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	28-39
3813528-3	1987	The large carbohydrate on placental tissue fibronectin weakens the binding of fibronectin to denatured collagen.	Carbohydrates	10-22	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	43-54
3813528-3	1987	The large carbohydrate on placental tissue fibronectin weakens the binding of fibronectin to denatured collagen.	Carbohydrates	10-22	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	78-89
3315012-5	1987	Differences in mean serum glucose and insulin levels were found when glucose or glucose polymers were used as the test carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	119-131	insulin	Homo sapiens	38-45
3330460-7	1987	Tolerance to carbohydrates was evaluated by measuring blood glucose and insulin levels after oral and intravenous glucose loads and liquid meals at intervals throughout the 8-week period.	Carbohydrates	13-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	72-79
3330460-13	1987	A high-carbohydrate liquid meal induced greater post-prandial glucose and insulin levels than a normal liquid meal.	Carbohydrates	7-19	insulin	Homo sapiens	74-81
3330460-16	1987	A high-carbohydrate liquid meal induced greater glucose and insulin responses than a normal liquid meal during both dietary periods.	Carbohydrates	7-19	insulin	Homo sapiens	60-67
2445486-3	1987	TF and Tn cancer-associated carbohydrate haptens were synthesized, conjugated to protein carriers and used to demonstrate that delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) effector T cells can specifically recognize and respond to carbohydrate determinants on the TA3-Ha tumor-associated glycoprotein, epiglycanin.	Carbohydrates	28-40	mucin 21, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	293-304
3038429-7	1987	The "metabolic-profile" with ACE inhibitors appears favourable, since they can increase uric acid excretion and lower plasma urate levels, carbohydrate tolerance is unaltered or improved, and lipid levels are unchanged.	Carbohydrates	139-151	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	29-32
2431767-0	1987	Antigenic heterogeneity of carcinoembryonic antigen in the circulation defined by monoclonal antibodies against the carbohydrate moiety of carcinoembryonic antigen and closely related antigens.	Carbohydrates	116-128	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	27-51
2431767-0	1987	Antigenic heterogeneity of carcinoembryonic antigen in the circulation defined by monoclonal antibodies against the carbohydrate moiety of carcinoembryonic antigen and closely related antigens.	Carbohydrates	116-128	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	139-163
2431767-6	1987	The serum CEA values estimated with these four antibodies were highly variable depending on the antibody used, suggesting that the expression of carbohydrate epitopes on the CEA molecules in patient sera was quite heterogeneous.	Carbohydrates	145-157	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	10-13
2431767-6	1987	The serum CEA values estimated with these four antibodies were highly variable depending on the antibody used, suggesting that the expression of carbohydrate epitopes on the CEA molecules in patient sera was quite heterogeneous.	Carbohydrates	145-157	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	174-177
2431767-9	1987	The results obtained suggest that, at least in part, the diversity of antigenic expression on carbohydrate chains on the CEA molecules in patient sera and the variation in specificity or quantity of anti-carbohydrate antibodies in the polyclonal antibody preparations used for the respective assay systems may result in the differences in the estimated CEA values.	Carbohydrates	94-106	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	121-124
2430018-1	1986	The carbohydrate determinant 3-fucosyllactosamine (3-FL), Gal(beta 1-4)[Fuc alpha 1-3]GlcNAc-R, which is also known as SSEA-1 or as the X determinant, is very immunogenic in BALB/c mice.	Carbohydrates	4-16	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	119-125
3622318-1	1987	The monoclonal antibody HNK-1 recognizes a carbohydrate epitope present on a host of glycoconjugates which include the glycoproteins neural cell adhesion molecules (N-CAM) myelin-associated glycoprotein and ependymins, and two glycolipids.	Carbohydrates	43-55	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	165-170
3329089-1	1987	The relationship between an improvement of the carbohydrate metabolism due to a four-week intensified conventional insulin treatment and changes in fatty acid patterns of serum lipids was investigated in 12 insulin-dependent diabetic patients.	Carbohydrates	47-59	insulin	Homo sapiens	115-122
3040973-4	1987	Both types of receptors are N- and possibly O-glycosylated but the turkey beta 1 receptor has only complex carbohydrates whereas the human beta 2 receptor has in addition oligo mannosidic polysaccharidic moiety.	Carbohydrates	107-120	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 1	Homo sapiens	74-80
3626879-0	1987	Preparation of placental (fetal tissue) fibronectin and its carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	60-73	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	40-51
3552817-6	1987	Over 24 h total insulin secretion on a standard high carbohydrate diet was 63 +/- 15 U, calculated from the area under the C-peptide concentration curve.	Carbohydrates	53-65	insulin	Homo sapiens	16-23
3315863-2	1987	Three asparagine residues in alpha-AT are glycosylated with the mammalian "complex" pattern of carbohydrate as the protein is secreted from cells in the liver.	Carbohydrates	95-107	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	29-37
3315863-6	1987	This internal alpha-AT is heterogeneous, consisting of molecules with core carbohydrate on either two or all three of the asparagine receptors.	Carbohydrates	75-87	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	14-22
3315863-7	1987	Human alpha-AT secreted into the culture broth contains, in addition to core carbohydrate, variable numbers of mannose outer chains, typical of secreted yeast proteins such as invertase.	Carbohydrates	77-89	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	6-14
3315863-9	1987	Examination of alpha-AT secreted from an mnn9 mutant, which blocks addition of variable numbers of outer mannose chains, revealed a homogeneous alpha-AT product which, like alpha-AT isolated from human serum, bears carbohydrate on three asparagine residues per molecule.	Carbohydrates	215-227	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	144-152
3315863-9	1987	Examination of alpha-AT secreted from an mnn9 mutant, which blocks addition of variable numbers of outer mannose chains, revealed a homogeneous alpha-AT product which, like alpha-AT isolated from human serum, bears carbohydrate on three asparagine residues per molecule.	Carbohydrates	215-227	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	144-152
3032924-7	1987	Computer analysis of several lectins for sequence homology suggested that the COOH-terminal quarter of the MBP is associated with the calcium binding as well as carbohydrate recognition.	Carbohydrates	161-173	mannose binding lectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	107-110
3542852-0	1986	Improved insulin sensitivity in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism after physical training.	Carbohydrates	32-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	9-16
3489778-3	1986	We investigated the role of carbohydrates in the interaction of a B cell differentiation factor designated as B151-TRF2 derived from B151K12 T cell hybridoma with the corresponding receptor on B cells.	Carbohydrates	28-41	telomeric repeat binding factor 2	Mus musculus	115-119
3103611-10	1986	The kcat./Km found for the cleavage of whole kappa-casein at pH 6.6 was of the same magnitude as the kcat./Km found for the polymerized carbohydrate-free fraction (i.e. about 3 microM-1 X S-1).	Carbohydrates	136-148	casein kappa	Bos taurus	45-57
2946699-1	1986	The role of the carbohydrate residues of fibronectin concerning the specificities of that glycoprotein to interact with fibroblastic cell surfaces, gelatin, and heparin was examined.	Carbohydrates	16-28	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	41-52
3818580-2	1986	Compositional analyses of the purified glycoproteins showed that GPIIb and GPIIIa contain 15% and 18% carbohydrate by weight, respectively, which consists of galactose, mannose, glucosamine, fucose, and sialic acid.	Carbohydrates	102-114	integrin subunit beta 3	Homo sapiens	75-81
3818580-9	1986	In conclusion, we found that GPIIb contained mainly complex-type sugar chains, whereas high mannose-type sugar chains were the predominant carbohydrate units in GPIIIa, and that the detected differences in the carbohydrate moieties of GPIIb and GPIIIa were quantitative but not qualitative.	Carbohydrates	139-151	integrin subunit beta 3	Homo sapiens	161-167
3818580-9	1986	In conclusion, we found that GPIIb contained mainly complex-type sugar chains, whereas high mannose-type sugar chains were the predominant carbohydrate units in GPIIIa, and that the detected differences in the carbohydrate moieties of GPIIb and GPIIIa were quantitative but not qualitative.	Carbohydrates	210-222	integrin subunit beta 3	Homo sapiens	245-251
2948220-5	1986	The size discrepancy of IGF-I receptors in brain and placenta was no longer apparent after removing the carbohydrate moieties of the proteins with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase F (EndoF).	Carbohydrates	104-116	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	24-29
3470711-1	1986	Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a putative neurotransmitter abundant in the brain, has recently been shown to act within the hypothalamus, inducing a powerful eating response and a specific appetite for carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	193-206	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	0-14
3470711-1	1986	Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a putative neurotransmitter abundant in the brain, has recently been shown to act within the hypothalamus, inducing a powerful eating response and a specific appetite for carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	193-206	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	16-19
3779390-6	1986	It is suggested that VP plays a role in stress-induced feeding and in specific aspects of carbohydrate appetite.	Carbohydrates	90-102	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	21-23
2430667-1	1986	L2 monoclonal antibodies and HNK-1 have been shown to bind to related carbohydrate determinants in the myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and several adhesion molecules of the nervous system including neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM), L1 and J1.	Carbohydrates	70-82	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	29-34
2430667-6	1986	In addition, they demonstrate that the L2 antibodies belong to a family of monoclonal antibodies (including HNK-1, human IgM paraproteins associated with neuropathy, and others) that are characterized by reactivity against carbohydrate determinants shared by human MAG, the 19-28 kDa glycoproteins of the PNS and the sulfated, glucuronic acid-containing sphingoglycolipids of the PNS.	Carbohydrates	223-235	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	108-113
3828488-2	1986	The saccharide binding properties of the lectin show that C-1, C-2, C-4, and C-6 hydroxyl groups of D-galactose are important loci for sugar binding.	Carbohydrates	4-14	T cell receptor gamma constant 1	Homo sapiens	58-61
3099592-0	1986	Micro anion exchange chromatography of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in serum in relation to alcohol consumption (Swedish Patent 8400587-5).	Carbohydrates	39-51	transferrin	Homo sapiens	62-73
2430922-3	1986	On the other hand, with each of 4 monoclonal antibodies recognizing the carbohydrate epitopes, the reactivities of CEAs were found to be highly variable from one cell line to another, and a marked difference was detected between the reactivities of m-CEA and of c-CEA in every cell line.	Carbohydrates	72-84	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	115-118
3760185-1	1986	We have studied the effect of glucagon on the expression of a triiodothyronine (T3) and carbohydrate-inducible mRNA sequence (mRNA-S14) in rat liver that undergoes a threefold diurnal variation (peak, 2200 h; nadir, 0800 h).	Carbohydrates	88-100	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	131-134
19294228-0	1986	Fluorescent and Ferritin Labelling of Cuticle Surface Carbohydrates of Caenorhabditis elegans and Panagrellus redivivus.	Carbohydrates	54-67	Ferritin	Caenorhabditis elegans	16-24
2430922-3	1986	On the other hand, with each of 4 monoclonal antibodies recognizing the carbohydrate epitopes, the reactivities of CEAs were found to be highly variable from one cell line to another, and a marked difference was detected between the reactivities of m-CEA and of c-CEA in every cell line.	Carbohydrates	72-84	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	251-254
2430922-6	1986	These results suggest that distinct structural changes in the carbohydrate moiety may occur during the releasing process of CEA from cells, and that, in some cases, some epitopes may be masked by attachment of sialic acid residues.	Carbohydrates	62-74	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	124-127
3016898-3	1986	Insulin caused the rapid hydrolysis of a chemically undefined membrane glycolipid, resulting in the production of two related complex carbohydrates as well as diacylglycerol.	Carbohydrates	134-147	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
3018389-2	1986	Awareness of the carbohydrate content of meals will allow adjustments of the dose of meal-related short-acting insulin when the size of the meal is altered; thus, meal planning can be flexible without sacrificing glycemic control.	Carbohydrates	17-29	insulin	Homo sapiens	111-118
3100848-0	1986	[Effect of daily intake of carbohydrate, protein and fat on serum levels of HDL cholesterol and apolipoproteins A-I and A-II].	Carbohydrates	27-39	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	96-125
3534894-0	1986	Comparative effects of several simple carbohydrates on erythrocyte insulin receptors in obese subjects.	Carbohydrates	38-51	insulin	Homo sapiens	67-74
3534894-4	1986	The hypocaloric carbohydrate-free diet produced a decrease in plasma insulin and glucose concentrations concomitant with an increase in the number of insulin receptors.	Carbohydrates	16-28	insulin	Homo sapiens	69-76
3534894-4	1986	The hypocaloric carbohydrate-free diet produced a decrease in plasma insulin and glucose concentrations concomitant with an increase in the number of insulin receptors.	Carbohydrates	16-28	insulin	Homo sapiens	150-157
3798559-5	1986	The authors think that the glucose transport inhibition under the influence of calmodulin antagonists may be realized through the calmodulin-dependent chain inhibition under the influence of calmodulin antagonists in the carbohydrate transport system.	Carbohydrates	221-233	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	79-89
3798559-5	1986	The authors think that the glucose transport inhibition under the influence of calmodulin antagonists may be realized through the calmodulin-dependent chain inhibition under the influence of calmodulin antagonists in the carbohydrate transport system.	Carbohydrates	221-233	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	130-140
3798559-5	1986	The authors think that the glucose transport inhibition under the influence of calmodulin antagonists may be realized through the calmodulin-dependent chain inhibition under the influence of calmodulin antagonists in the carbohydrate transport system.	Carbohydrates	221-233	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	130-140
3009158-4	1986	In vitro translation of RNA in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate demonstrated that the translation product immunoprecipitated by anti-27K serum had the same mol wt as the immunoprecipitated protein from whole cells labeled with [35S]methionine, thus suggesting that 27K protein is neither derived from TBG nor synthesized through a larger mol wt precursor, and also that it does not contain carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	386-399	small nuclear ribonucleoprotein U4/U6.U5 subunit 27	Homo sapiens	129-132
3740086-3	1986	The carbohydrate-free diet produced a 21 percent decline in resting metabolic rate (p less than 0.005) as well as a decrease in circulating triiodothyronine (41 percent, p less than 0.02) and insulin (38 percent, p less than 0.005) concentrations.	Carbohydrates	4-16	insulin	Homo sapiens	192-199
3525234-7	1986	Initial studies to elucidate the cellular site of action of thyroid hormone and dietary carbohydrate indicate that changes in both the rate of gene transcription and the stability of the nuclear RNA precursor are involved in spot 14 mRNA induction.	Carbohydrates	88-100	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	225-232
3763572-1	1986	The effect of pharmacopoeic human somatotropin (HS) produced by the Kaunas plant of endocrine preparations, on the proteic, lipid, carbohydrate and mineral metabolism was studied in 40 patients with hypothalamohypophyseal nanism (HHN).	Carbohydrates	131-143	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	34-46
3711098-6	1986	Total carbohydrate content of gpL115 is very high, i.e. 52% for the asialo-molecule.	Carbohydrates	6-18	sialophorin	Homo sapiens	30-36
3711098-7	1986	The major carbohydrate residues of asialo-gpL115 are galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine in approximately equimolar amounts (25 and 22 residues/100 amino acids, respectively) plus severalfold lower amounts of N-acetylglucosamine, fucose, and mannose.	Carbohydrates	10-22	sialophorin	Homo sapiens	42-48
2434831-1	1986	To investigate our earlier hypothesis that carbohydrates play a regulatory role in the intracellular transport of secretory glycoproteins, we used 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), and inhibitor of glucosidase I and II of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), to modify the structure of N-linked glycan moieties of secretory glycoproteins of human hepatoma (Hep G2) cells in culture.	Carbohydrates	43-56	mannosyl-oligosaccharide glucosidase	Homo sapiens	190-210
3087774-3	1986	Two peptides only contained glucosamine, Unambiguous sequence analyses identified Asn-63 of the beta-chain and Asn-268 of the alpha-chain as the sites of carbohydrate attachment.	Carbohydrates	154-166	Fc gamma receptor and transporter	Homo sapiens	126-137
3521319-3	1986	During the 4 h after glucose ingestion the plasma insulin concentration increased by 33 +/- 4 microU/ml and this was associated with a significant increase in carbohydrate oxidation and decrement in lipid oxidation.	Carbohydrates	159-171	insulin	Homo sapiens	50-57
3521319-8	1986	When the mean increment in plasma insulin concentration after fructose was reproduced using the insulin clamp technique, the increase in carbohydrate oxidation and decrement in lipid oxidation were markedly reduced compared with the fructose-ingestion study; energy expenditure failed to increase above basal levels.	Carbohydrates	137-149	insulin	Homo sapiens	34-41
3521319-8	1986	When the mean increment in plasma insulin concentration after fructose was reproduced using the insulin clamp technique, the increase in carbohydrate oxidation and decrement in lipid oxidation were markedly reduced compared with the fructose-ingestion study; energy expenditure failed to increase above basal levels.	Carbohydrates	137-149	insulin	Homo sapiens	96-103
3637618-3	1986	Overfeeding with carbohydrate--but not with fat--provokes an insulin-mediated thermogenesis which acts to retard weight gain.	Carbohydrates	17-29	insulin	Homo sapiens	61-68
3517028-0	1986	Effect of differences in glucose tolerance on insulin"s ability to regulate carbohydrate and free fatty acid metabolism in obese individuals.	Carbohydrates	76-88	insulin	Homo sapiens	46-53
3529502-10	1986	These results suggest that insulin release from the isolated islets is stimulated by carbohydrates which can be metabolized in B-cells.	Carbohydrates	85-98	insulin	Homo sapiens	27-34
3085108-0	1986	Influence of carbohydrate side chains on activity of tissue-type plasminogen activator.	Carbohydrates	13-25	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	53-86
3514335-8	1986	These results suggest that the main cause of the increase in peripheral insulin levels after large oral carbohydrate loads is augmented insulin secretion rather than reduced hepatic extraction, indicating the possibility that an enteroinsular factor does exist, in accordance with the "incretin" concept.	Carbohydrates	104-116	insulin	Homo sapiens	72-79
2423330-1	1986	A membrane-bound alpha-L-fucosyltransferase, which is involved in the synthesis of a developmentally regulated carbohydrate antigen, SSEA-1, was purified about 2000-fold from F9 embryonal carcinoma cells.	Carbohydrates	111-123	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	133-139
3529502-0	1986	Effects of carbohydrates on insulin release from the isolated islets.	Carbohydrates	11-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	28-35
3529502-2	1986	Insulin release from the isolated islets was 26.2 microU/5 islets/hr in carbohydrate-free medium and increased by the addition of D-glucose or D-mannose.	Carbohydrates	72-84	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
3084257-8	1986	It remains to be established to what extent the carbohydrate chains of this biotechnologically produced IFN-gamma are identical to those of naturally occurring human IFN-gamma.	Carbohydrates	48-60	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	104-113
3525055-1	1986	While differences in glucose and insulin responses to specific carbohydrate foods have been reported, few data are available for mixed meals incorporating such foods.	Carbohydrates	63-75	insulin	Homo sapiens	33-40
3754508-1	1986	The messenger RNA (mRNA) coding for the rat hepatic protein spot 14(S14) (mol wt 17,000; pI 4.9) is rapidly responsive to T3 and carbohydrate administration in the adult animal.	Carbohydrates	129-141	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	68-71
3523174-3	1986	Similarly removal of sialic acid from the carbohydrate coat of erythropoietin both increases clearance by the liver and renders it susceptible to cleavage into inactive fragments by proteolytic attack.	Carbohydrates	42-54	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	63-77
3086219-2	1986	We report here that the formerly observed interaction of CRP with snail galactans, as exemplified by Helix pomatia galactan, is not due to a lectin-like carbohydrate-binding reactivity, but, instead that CRP obviously binds to phosphate groups that are minor constituents of these polysaccharides.	Carbohydrates	153-165	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	57-60
3700466-0	1986	Three types of low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mutant have pleiotropic defects in the synthesis of N-linked, O-linked, and lipid-linked carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	147-159	low-density lipoprotein receptor	Cricetulus griseus	15-47
3085868-2	1986	While levels of CCK-LI in the perfusate of overnight-fasted anesthetized cats were below assay sensitivity (less than 7 pg/30 min), intragastric administration of a carbohydrate-amino acid meal elicited a 3-fold increase in CCK-LI, identified by high-performance liquid chromatography as the C-terminal octapeptide of CCK (CCK-8).	Carbohydrates	165-177	cholecystokinin	Felis catus	224-227
3517558-9	1986	The relationship of plasma glucose and insulin levels to the traditional cardiovascular risk factors in children emphasizes the importance of subtle abnormalities in carbohydrate metabolism in the early natural history of cardiovascular disease.	Carbohydrates	166-178	insulin	Homo sapiens	39-46
3517849-8	1986	The new mutant, designated mnn1 mnn2 mnn9 gls1 dpg1, synthesizes and secretes invertase (EC 3.2.1.26) that has a higher mobility on native gel electrophoresis than that made by the parent strain, the consequence of a reduction in both the size and the number of carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	262-274	alpha-1,3-mannosyltransferase MNN1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	27-36
3517849-8	1986	The new mutant, designated mnn1 mnn2 mnn9 gls1 dpg1, synthesizes and secretes invertase (EC 3.2.1.26) that has a higher mobility on native gel electrophoresis than that made by the parent strain, the consequence of a reduction in both the size and the number of carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	262-274	mannosyl-oligosaccharide glucosidase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	42-46
3085868-2	1986	While levels of CCK-LI in the perfusate of overnight-fasted anesthetized cats were below assay sensitivity (less than 7 pg/30 min), intragastric administration of a carbohydrate-amino acid meal elicited a 3-fold increase in CCK-LI, identified by high-performance liquid chromatography as the C-terminal octapeptide of CCK (CCK-8).	Carbohydrates	165-177	cholecystokinin	Felis catus	224-227
3085868-2	1986	While levels of CCK-LI in the perfusate of overnight-fasted anesthetized cats were below assay sensitivity (less than 7 pg/30 min), intragastric administration of a carbohydrate-amino acid meal elicited a 3-fold increase in CCK-LI, identified by high-performance liquid chromatography as the C-terminal octapeptide of CCK (CCK-8).	Carbohydrates	165-177	cholecystokinin	Felis catus	323-328
3741632-1	1986	Sciatin and transferrin are very similar glycoproteins which differ slightly in their carbohydrate content.	Carbohydrates	86-98	transferrin	Homo sapiens	12-23
3702459-3	1986	The dimeric SHBG molecule appears to contain only approximately 8% carbohydrate, and sequence information indicates that an N-linked oligosaccharide chain may be attached to residue 7 (asparagine) from the NH2-terminal amino acid (leucine).	Carbohydrates	67-79	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	12-16
3082935-3	1986	Euglycemic insulin infusions after the carbohydrate challenge were begun after arterialized blood glucose and insulin values had returned to baseline.	Carbohydrates	39-51	insulin	Homo sapiens	11-18
3964668-4	1986	The lectin is a glycoprotein (3-5% carbohydrate) with a molecular weight of approximately 175 000.	Carbohydrates	35-47	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: lectin	Glycine max	4-10
3964668-8	1986	The carbohydrate portion of the lectin contains mannose; no hexosamines could be detected.	Carbohydrates	4-16	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: lectin	Glycine max	32-38
3964668-10	1986	Quantitative binding studies of the lectin with various carbohydrate haptens showed that specificity was directed toward 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid, D-glucuronic acid, and their methyl glycosides with 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid 3-4-fold more effective.	Carbohydrates	56-68	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: lectin	Glycine max	36-42
3512253-0	1986	Lectins as probes of insulin receptor carbohydrate composition: studies in glycosylation mutants of Chinese hamster ovarian cells with altered insulin binding.	Carbohydrates	38-50	insulin	Cricetulus griseus	21-28
2419343-1	1986	The HNK-1 and L2 monoclonal antibodies are thought to recognize identical or closely associated carbohydrate epitopes on a family of neural plasma membrane glycoproteins, including myelin-associated glycoprotein, the neural cell adhesion molecule, and the L1 and J1 glycoproteins, all of which have been postulated to play a part in mediating cell-cell interactions in the nervous system.	Carbohydrates	96-108	myelin-associated glycoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	181-211
3080654-6	1986	Carbohydrate oxidation was significantly increased at both insulin concentrations.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	59-66
3005370-8	1986	Since the glial elements compose a majority of the brain cells, the "normal" structure and function of their insulin receptor might provide a key to understanding the role of insulin in the carbohydrate metabolism of the human central nervous system.	Carbohydrates	190-202	insulin	Homo sapiens	109-116
3950770-5	1986	After a high carbohydrate test meal, lipoprotein lipase activity in white adipose tissue pads was higher (P less than 0.05) and that in brown adipose tissue was lower (P less than 0.05) than in these tissues from the meal-deprived group.	Carbohydrates	13-25	lipoprotein lipase	Rattus norvegicus	37-55
2417630-1	1986	The distribution of fatty acids and diethylstilbestrol between serum albumin and alpha-fetoprotein was measured in vitro by a new method based on the separation of the two proteins by virtue of the binding specificity of concanavalin A for the carbohydrate moiety of alpha-fetoprotein.	Carbohydrates	244-256	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	81-98
3511069-8	1986	L1, J1, nerve growth factor-inducible large external protein, uvomorulin, and a carbohydrate epitope (L2/HNK-1) shared by several adhesion molecules are undetectable on the surface of embryonic, perinatal, adult, or denervated adult muscle fibers.	Carbohydrates	80-92	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	105-110
3080654-8	1986	This decrease was due entirely to the reduction in carbohydrate storage and was correlated with increased fasting insulin concentration (r = 0.7, P less than 0.01).	Carbohydrates	51-63	insulin	Homo sapiens	114-121
3515994-0	1986	Carbohydrate composition of serum transferrin in alcoholic patients.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	34-45
3518294-14	1986	L-LPS was composed of carbohydrate (54%), lipid (12%), protein (5%).	Carbohydrates	22-34	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	2-5
3492851-7	1986	A blocking effect was less frequently exerted by carbohydrate-free gp70 and p15(E) antigens.	Carbohydrates	49-61	embigin	Homo sapiens	67-71
2882649-0	1986	Stage specific embryonic carbohydrate surface antigens of primordial germ cells in mouse embryos: FAL (S.S.E.A.-1) and globoside (S.S.E.A.-3).	Carbohydrates	25-37	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	98-101
2882649-1	1986	Immunodetections of carbohydrate surface antigens were carried out for SSEA-1 and SSEA-3.	Carbohydrates	20-32	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	71-88
3555466-5	1986	The Type 3 cystatins are the plasma kininogens in which each molecule contains three divergent copies of the typical cystatin sequence differing in activity as well as structure; these complex inhibitor molecules contain disulphide bonds and also carbohydrate groups.	Carbohydrates	247-259	cystatin C	Gallus gallus	11-19
3516778-11	1986	The fact that the expression of two fucose-related cell-surface markers, i.e., UEA-I receptors and SSEA-1 (or FBP receptors), is developmentally regulated in an entirely different fashion is an excellent example illustrating the precise control of differentiation-dependent alterations in cell-surface carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	302-315	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	99-105
3000477-5	1986	Since GC contains 60% carbohydrate by weight, we assessed the role of carbohydrate sequences on its interaction with antibody 6D1 and vWF.	Carbohydrates	70-82	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	134-137
2876504-3	1986	Ingestion of all three basic nutrients--fat, carbohydrate, and particularly protein--elicits a significant increase in peripheral vein plasma somatostatin levels in dogs and humans.	Carbohydrates	45-57	somatostatin	Canis lupus familiaris	142-154
3944421-8	1986	Other analyses indicate that B-Protein contains 7% carbohydrate and 7% lipid in the form of triglycerides.	Carbohydrates	51-63	tyrosinase related protein 1	Homo sapiens	29-38
3014270-3	1986	ApoE is further modified intracellularly with carbohydrate chains containing sialic acid and is secreted in the modified form designated apoEs.	Carbohydrates	46-58	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	0-4
3014270-8	1986	Other known apolipoprotein modifications include the modification of apoB, apoC-III, and apoD with carbohydrate chains that contain sialic acid and the proteolytic cleavage of the proapoA-II segment.	Carbohydrates	99-111	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	12-26
3709931-1	1986	Human amniotic fluid fibronectin had different carbohydrate moieties from plasma fibronectin.	Carbohydrates	47-59	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	21-32
3517111-8	1986	Serum insulin was significantly affected by the type of carbohydrate in the diet (p less than .01).	Carbohydrates	56-68	insulin	Homo sapiens	6-13
3537075-8	1986	No differences occurred in fasting serum insulin or serum cholesterol levels, but postprandial insulin levels were higher in high sucrose-carbohydrate diets.	Carbohydrates	138-150	insulin	Homo sapiens	95-102
3760036-6	1986	These were also stained by the mouse monoclonal antibody HNK-1, which detects a carbohydrate epitope present on several glycoconjugates of the nervous system, including two glycoproteins, the myelin-associated glycoprotein and the neural cell-adhesion molecule (N-CAM), and an acidic glycolipid of the peripheral nervous system.	Carbohydrates	80-92	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	57-62
2433853-8	1986	With further improvement in the preconceptional treatment of diabetic patients not only the number of malformations caused by hyperglycaemia should diminish, but the problems of false negative and false positive serum AFP values caused by the disturbance in carbohydrate metabolism should also become less frequent.	Carbohydrates	258-270	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	218-221
3006377-0	1986	[Role of insulin in regulating carbohydrate metabolism].	Carbohydrates	31-43	insulin	Homo sapiens	9-16
3937276-0	1985	On the composition and function of the carbohydrate moiety of tissue-type plasminogen activator from human melanoma cells.	Carbohydrates	39-51	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	62-95
3935432-0	1985	Structures of the major carbohydrates of natural human interleukin-2.	Carbohydrates	24-37	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	55-68
3935432-6	1985	Carbohydrates are O-linked to the IL-2 protein via threonine-3 of the polypeptide chain.	Carbohydrates	0-13	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	34-38
4042328-2	1985	We have synthesized a novel digoxin/bovine serum albumin conjugate via reductive ozonolysis of the lactone ring such that the carbohydrate moiety of digoxin remains intact.	Carbohydrates	126-138	albumin	Homo sapiens	43-56
2415552-1	1985	The antigenic epitope detected on myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG) by the monoclonal antibody HNK-1 (Leu 7) was sensitive to degradation by trifluoromethane-sulfonic acid (TFMS) and is therefore probably carbohydrate in nature.	Carbohydrates	208-220	myelin-associated glycoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	34-64
2415552-1	1985	The antigenic epitope detected on myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG) by the monoclonal antibody HNK-1 (Leu 7) was sensitive to degradation by trifluoromethane-sulfonic acid (TFMS) and is therefore probably carbohydrate in nature.	Carbohydrates	208-220	myelin-associated glycoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
2415552-5	1985	Protein components with molecular weights in the ranges of 90-100 kd to 280 kd were observed and comprise a family of glycoproteins containing the HNK-1 reactive carbohydrate epitope present on MAG.	Carbohydrates	162-174	myelin-associated glycoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	194-197
3003737-0	1985	[Effect of somatotropin on carbohydrate metabolism and the interaction of somatotropin with insulin].	Carbohydrates	27-39	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	11-23
4065033-1	1985	We recently reported that T3 and the high carbohydrate lipogenic diet elicit a brisk and marked increase in the rat liver mRNA coding for the cytosolic protein Spot 14 (17,010 mol wt; 4.9 pI).	Carbohydrates	42-54	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	160-167
2933707-0	1985	[Blood glucose and insulin secretion after meals rich in simple and complex carbohydrates, in non-insulin-dependent diabetics].	Carbohydrates	76-89	insulin	Homo sapiens	19-26
3911725-4	1985	Haptoglobin and hemopexin showed positive correlations with serum triglycerides (both p less than 0.01) and slight positive correlations with some of the variables of carbohydrate control.	Carbohydrates	167-179	haptoglobin	Homo sapiens	0-11
3841735-0	1985	Paraventricular nucleus injections of peptide YY and neuropeptide Y preferentially enhance carbohydrate ingestion.	Carbohydrates	91-103	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	53-67
3841735-8	1985	In 1 hr tests with 3 pure macronutrient (protein, fat and carbohydrate) diets simultaneously available, PYY and NPY (78 pmol/0.3 microliters) both elicited a strong and selective increase in carbohydrate consumption, with little or no effect on protein or fat consumption.	Carbohydrates	58-70	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	112-115
3841735-8	1985	In 1 hr tests with 3 pure macronutrient (protein, fat and carbohydrate) diets simultaneously available, PYY and NPY (78 pmol/0.3 microliters) both elicited a strong and selective increase in carbohydrate consumption, with little or no effect on protein or fat consumption.	Carbohydrates	191-203	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	112-115
3841735-9	1985	These results suggest that hypothalamic receptors sensitive to PYY and NPY may participate in the control of carbohydrate consumption.	Carbohydrates	109-121	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	71-74
4043085-2	1985	The protein moiety of the lipoproteins, apolipoprotein-B, which was detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as the only protein component, contained 4.4% (by weight) carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	173-185	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	40-56
3867194-0	1985	[Effect of thrombin and prostaglandins E and F on various indices of carbohydrate metabolism in human platelets].	Carbohydrates	69-81	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	11-19
2410452-8	1985	The results suggest that IgM paraproteins, HNK-1 and some mouse monoclonal antibodies react with carbohydrate determinants shared by MAG and several lower molecular weight glycoproteins present only in human, bovine, cat and chicken PNS.	Carbohydrates	97-109	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	43-48
3906638-2	1985	Some patients and often physicians believe that the most effective measure for improving carbohydrate metabolism is to raise a dose of insulin which leads to the development of a syndrome of chronic overdosage and a more severe course of diabetes mellitus.	Carbohydrates	89-101	insulin	Homo sapiens	135-142
3899618-8	1985	These results suggested that prednisolone treatment with a smaller dosage as well as with the higher dosage resulted in a carbohydrate intolerance, the main cause of which is located in a postreceptor step (or steps) of insulin action.	Carbohydrates	122-134	insulin	Homo sapiens	220-227
3894594-9	1985	This astrocyte-derived, carbohydrate-free fibronectin resolves on SDS-PAGE as four bands, of which the heavier ones predominate.	Carbohydrates	24-36	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	42-53
2409452-1	1985	The neural cell adhesion molecules L1 and N-CAM share a common carbohydrate epitope that is recognized by the monoclonal antibodies L2 and HNK-1.	Carbohydrates	63-75	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	139-144
2988630-2	1985	The fragment contains carbohydrate, and hence derives from the C-terminal half of transferrin.	Carbohydrates	22-34	transferrin	Homo sapiens	82-93
4005850-3	1985	Hepatocyte plasma membrane and microsome fractions bound CEA, and this binding shared the calcium requirement, neuraminidase sensitivity, and carbohydrate specificity of the hepatocyte asialoglycoprotein receptor.	Carbohydrates	142-154	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	57-60
4005850-10	1985	These results show that differences in the carbohydrate components of purified CEA preparations affect their rate of removal from circulation and thus possibly the relationship between CEA production and observed plasma levels in patients.	Carbohydrates	43-55	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	79-82
4005850-10	1985	These results show that differences in the carbohydrate components of purified CEA preparations affect their rate of removal from circulation and thus possibly the relationship between CEA production and observed plasma levels in patients.	Carbohydrates	43-55	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	185-188
2995635-4	1985	Doubling the dose of carbohydrate in a meal causes only a small increase in glucose response but a large increase in insulin response.	Carbohydrates	21-33	insulin	Homo sapiens	117-124
2864750-1	1985	This study compares the ability of unmodified and carbohydrate-modified forms of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (FVIII/vWF) protein to bind to platelets in the presence of ristocetin or thrombin.	Carbohydrates	50-62	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	122-125
3996313-0	1985	The role of carbohydrate in erythropoietin action.	Carbohydrates	12-24	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	28-42
3996313-1	1985	The carbohydrate composition of human erythropoietin (epo) was determined by micro-GLC.	Carbohydrates	4-16	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	38-52
3996313-1	1985	The carbohydrate composition of human erythropoietin (epo) was determined by micro-GLC.	Carbohydrates	4-16	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	54-57
2409260-1	1985	Techniques have been studied which distinguish two variants of human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) on the basis of characteristics of the carbohydrate moiety of this glycoprotein.	Carbohydrates	132-144	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	69-86
2409260-1	1985	Techniques have been studied which distinguish two variants of human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) on the basis of characteristics of the carbohydrate moiety of this glycoprotein.	Carbohydrates	132-144	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	88-91
3999973-3	1985	Carbohydrate intake correlated negatively with HDL3 concentrations, and alcohol intake correlated positively with serum concentrations of HDL3 and apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, and D.	Carbohydrates	0-12	HDL3	Homo sapiens	47-51
3890217-5	1985	This differentiates hPP from other hormones in which secretion is increased by exercise in carbohydrate-depleted subjects.	Carbohydrates	91-103	familial progressive hyperpigmentation 1	Homo sapiens	20-23
2859839-8	1985	It was suggested that, in coordination with pyruvate carboxylase, aspartate-4-decarboxylase is important in regulating the metabolic fate of oxaloacetate and thus plays a role in determining the efficiency of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	209-221	pyruvate carboxylase	Homo sapiens	44-64
3886457-0	1985	Insulin-like action of proinsulin on rat liver carbohydrate metabolism in vitro.	Carbohydrates	47-59	insulin	Homo sapiens	23-33
3891705-11	1985	Results of this study have shown that dietary lipid, compared with carbohydrate, selectively increased the sensitivity of the pituitary gland to a GH and PRL secretagogue such as TRH.	Carbohydrates	67-79	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Sus scrofa	179-182
3922615-1	1985	The structures of the carbohydrate moieties of three hormone-binding glycoproteins from human serum, namely, thyroxine-binding globulin, transcortin, and sex hormone-binding globulin, have been characterised using quantitative g.l.c.	Carbohydrates	22-34	serpin family A member 6	Homo sapiens	137-148
3922615-1	1985	The structures of the carbohydrate moieties of three hormone-binding glycoproteins from human serum, namely, thyroxine-binding globulin, transcortin, and sex hormone-binding globulin, have been characterised using quantitative g.l.c.	Carbohydrates	22-34	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	154-182
2582290-4	1985	The monoclonal antibodies developed differ with respect to immunoglobulin type, their specificity for human and/or rat MAG, and their recognition of protein or carbohydrate epitopes in MAG.	Carbohydrates	160-172	myelin-associated glycoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	185-188
2582290-5	1985	In general, the antibodies that react with the protein backbone recognize both rat and human MAG, whereas a large number of the monoclonal antibodies recognize a carbohydrate determinant in human MAG that is not in rat MAG.	Carbohydrates	162-174	myelin-associated glycoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	196-199
3896263-1	1985	Previous studies suggested that insulin requirement in type I diabetics could be split in a "basal" insulin requirement, mainly related to body weight and in a "post-prandial" insulin requirement, mainly related to carbohydrates intake.	Carbohydrates	215-228	insulin	Homo sapiens	32-39
3896263-5	1985	It is concluded that a small sovrabasal insulin dose would be probably required by diabetic patients after a protein meal: this is however so small that a carbohydrates related insulin dose given before a normal mixed meal would be able to normalize aminoacids as well as glucose metabolism.	Carbohydrates	155-168	insulin	Homo sapiens	177-184
3920047-0	1985	Determination of the structure of the carbohydrate chains of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase from sheep.	Carbohydrates	38-50	prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Ovis aries	61-96
2413348-14	1985	These results suggest that the carbohydrate moieties recognized by HBP reside primarily in the SC portion of sIgA.	Carbohydrates	31-43	signal transducing adaptor molecule (SH3 domain and ITAM motif) 2	Mus musculus	67-70
3927903-5	1985	Pulse-labelling of cultured medullary thyroid carcinoma cells with [3H]-mannose indicate that detectable quantities of carbohydrate-containing forms of calcitonin are produced in these cells.	Carbohydrates	119-131	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	152-162
2864750-1	1985	This study compares the ability of unmodified and carbohydrate-modified forms of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (FVIII/vWF) protein to bind to platelets in the presence of ristocetin or thrombin.	Carbohydrates	50-62	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	189-197
3928796-1	1985	Roles of cell surface carbohydrates containing the 3-fucosyl-N-acetyllactosamine and poly-N-acetyllactosamine sequences (SSEA-1 and I antigens, respectively) in the compaction of mouse embryos have been investigated using the endo-beta-galactosidase of Bacteroides fragilis to modify the surface of cleavage-stage embryos.	Carbohydrates	22-35	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	121-133
2410782-8	1985	These results suggest that the carbohydrate moieties of GPIIIa are unimportant to the expression of the PlA system, and that the charge difference between the two allelic forms of GPIIIa may reflect a subtle amino acid difference(s) within a 17K polypeptide region of the GP.	Carbohydrates	31-43	integrin subunit beta 3	Homo sapiens	56-62
16664235-5	1985	Affinity of the carbohydrate moiety of the protein for concanavalin A increased between the beginning and the end of the chase, indicating processing following core glycosylation.The addition of UDP-N-acetyl-[(14)C]glucosamine plus external peptide acceptors (derived from carboxymethylated alpha-lactalbumin) to membrane preparations from the pea stem resulted in peptide glycosylation at the expense of lipid-linked oligosaccharide.	Carbohydrates	16-28	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	291-308
2412566-0	1985	[Role of a carbohydrate component in the formation of immunochemical determinants of carcinoembryonic antigen].	Carbohydrates	11-23	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	85-109
3886462-4	1985	In six healthy subjects, serum proinsulin rose to 250% of basal after 120 min in response to 100 g oral carbohydrate, but to only 130% after 60 min following 25 g oral carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	104-116	insulin	Homo sapiens	31-41
3886462-4	1985	In six healthy subjects, serum proinsulin rose to 250% of basal after 120 min in response to 100 g oral carbohydrate, but to only 130% after 60 min following 25 g oral carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	168-180	insulin	Homo sapiens	31-41
3886462-5	1985	The proinsulin/total immunoreactive insulin ratio and the proinsulin/C-peptide ratio fell sharply after both high and low carbohydrate loads.	Carbohydrates	122-134	insulin	Homo sapiens	4-14
3886462-6	1985	Endogenous human serum proinsulin-like immunoreactivity released into the circulation after 100 g carbohydrate was eluted from a Mono Q high-performance, ion-exchange column with the same retention time as biosynthetic human proinsulin.	Carbohydrates	98-110	insulin	Homo sapiens	23-33
3886463-0	1985	Carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation in patients with type B insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	53-60
3980470-0	1985	Structure of the carbohydrate units of human amniotic fluid fibronectin.	Carbohydrates	17-29	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	60-71
3980470-1	1985	Human amniotic fluid fibronectin was found to contain three types of carbohydrates: complex-type N-glycosidic glycans, lactosaminoglycans, and O-glycosidic glycans.	Carbohydrates	69-82	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	21-32
3971914-4	1985	Both forms are converted to mature PRL by digestion with endoglycosidase H and, thus, appear to contain only asparagine-linked, high mannose-type carbohydrate moieties.	Carbohydrates	146-158	prolactin	Bos taurus	35-38
3838930-2	1985	Insulin dosage was based on gender, pre- and postprandial blood glucose, between-meal blood glucose, patient weight, time of day, and when appropriate, the carbohydrate content of food ingested.	Carbohydrates	156-168	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
3882561-2	1985	The phenol-water-extracted LPS from B. gingivalis 381 was composed of 46% carbohydrate, 23% hexosamine, 18% fatty acid, and 5% protein.	Carbohydrates	74-86	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	27-30
3883097-5	1985	These results indicate that delay in carbohydrate absorption improves the effectiveness of subcutaneous insulin in controlling postprandial hyperglycemia in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and may permit satisfactory postprandial glycemic control when insulin is administered immediately prior to meal ingestion.	Carbohydrates	37-49	insulin	Homo sapiens	104-111
3883097-5	1985	These results indicate that delay in carbohydrate absorption improves the effectiveness of subcutaneous insulin in controlling postprandial hyperglycemia in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and may permit satisfactory postprandial glycemic control when insulin is administered immediately prior to meal ingestion.	Carbohydrates	37-49	insulin	Homo sapiens	171-178
3991482-2	1985	A study was made of the uroproteinograms of these patients before and after the correction of carbohydrate metabolism by means of programmed insulin administration.	Carbohydrates	94-106	insulin	Homo sapiens	141-148
3886310-0	1985	High-carbohydrate, low-fat diet: effect on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, GIP and insulin secretion in diabetics.	Carbohydrates	5-17	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	78-81
3882489-3	1985	During the week of posttreatment evaluation, the subjects maintained a mean fasting glucose level of 155 +/- 11 mg/dl off insulin therapy, indicating a persistent improvement in carbohydrate homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	178-190	insulin	Homo sapiens	122-129
3977823-4	1985	The human knee lubricin had a similar carbohydrate composition to bovine knee lubricin except for the higher glucosamine content, and the amino acid composition differed slightly.	Carbohydrates	38-50	proteoglycan 4	Homo sapiens	15-23
3929669-3	1985	Tryptic mapping revealed only one site of glycosylation and showed that the carbohydrate side-chain was located in the N-terminal region of POMC.	Carbohydrates	76-88	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	140-144
3911953-8	1985	The insulin-glucagon-proteinase in human erythrocytes is supposed to have a regulatory influence within the carbohydrate pathway.	Carbohydrates	108-120	insulin	Homo sapiens	4-11
2857477-4	1985	The Thy-1 molecule is a cell-surface glycoprotein of relative molecular mass 18,000, one-third of which represents carbohydrate; the protein moieties of the rat and murine Thy-1 molecules have been sequenced and found to consist of 111 and 112 amino acids, respectively.	Carbohydrates	115-127	Thy-1 cell surface antigen	Rattus norvegicus	4-9
3881303-0	1985	The effects of variations in percent of naturally occurring complex and simple carbohydrates on plasma glucose and insulin response in individuals with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.	Carbohydrates	79-92	insulin	Homo sapiens	115-122
3898761-6	1985	In contrast, resistance to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake does not seem to be a simple function of severity of hyperglycemia in patients with NIDDM, and significant insulin resistance can exist in these patients in association with only mild carbohydrate intolerance.	Carbohydrates	245-257	insulin	Homo sapiens	168-175
2998491-6	1985	The increase in the insulin/glucagon ratio that occurs with the change to a carbohydrate-rich diet starts the induction of lipogenesis at weaning.	Carbohydrates	76-88	insulin	Homo sapiens	20-27
4042995-0	1985	Diurnal variation in carbohydrate tolerance to mixed meal in insulin-dependent diabetic adolescents during continuous intravenous insulin infusion (CIVII).	Carbohydrates	21-33	insulin	Homo sapiens	61-68
3913447-5	1985	These include elevated plasma levels of growth hormone, glucagon and free fatty acids, which may participate in the uremic insulin resistance superimposed on the preexisting diabetic carbohydrate intolerance.	Carbohydrates	183-195	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	40-54
2580573-0	1985	The carbohydrate specificities of the monoclonal antibodies 29.1, 455 and 3C1B12 to the epidermal growth factor receptor of A431 cells.	Carbohydrates	4-16	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	88-120
2580573-1	1985	Sixteen hybridoma-derived antibodies to the epidermal growth factor receptor of A431 cells were studied with respect to their reactions with blood group-related carbohydrate structures.	Carbohydrates	161-173	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	44-76
2999223-0	1985	Carbohydrate intolerance associated with reduced hepatic glucose phosphorylating and releasing enzyme activities and peripheral insulin resistance in alcoholics with liver cirrhosis.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	128-135
3908274-0	1985	Carbohydrate intolerance in gonadal dysgenesis: evidence for insulin resistance and hyperglucagonemia.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	61-68
3908274-1	1985	To determine the pathogenesis of carbohydrate intolerance associated with gonadal dysgenesis, plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon, and growth hormone responses to oral glucose and intravenous tolbutamide, arginine and insulin were evaluated in 21 nonobese patients, 7-19 years old.	Carbohydrates	33-45	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	133-147
3900181-14	1985	Apparent benefits of replacing carbohydrate with polyunsaturated fat rather than protein are less insulin response and less postpeak decrease in blood glucose and lower triglycerides.	Carbohydrates	31-43	insulin	Homo sapiens	98-105
3964822-3	1985	The highly conserved glycosylation site at amino acid position 86 was changed from asparagine to lysine to remove the carbohydrate moiety from the first external domain of the H-2 molecule, and the phenylalanine at position 116 was changed to tyrosine, replacing the Ld residue with the Kb type amino acid analogous to Kb mutants: bm5 and bm16 mutants derived from the Kb antigen have the Ld-type residue at this position.	Carbohydrates	118-130	histocompatibility-2, MHC	Mus musculus	176-179
3934092-1	1985	The data reviewed here demonstrate a role for insulin-mediated glucose metabolism in the relationship between fasting, carbohydrate intake, and sympathetic activity.	Carbohydrates	119-131	insulin	Homo sapiens	46-53
3934092-2	1985	A model relating insulin-mediated glucose metabolism to sympathetic nervous system activity during fasting and carbohydrate feeding is presented.	Carbohydrates	111-123	insulin	Homo sapiens	17-24
2413331-1	1985	Crystallized carbohydrate spheres have been prepared for use as a matrix for entrapment of biologically active substances, such as insulin, interferon, and growth hormone, which, when released, retain their biological activities, and where the carbohydrates are well known with documented low toxicity in human, as well as in the veterinary medical fields.	Carbohydrates	13-25	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	156-170
3834078-5	1985	A subpopulation of mouse brain N-CAM bears a carbohydrate determinant shared with other brain cell surface proteins and with the HNK-1 antigen of natural killer cells.	Carbohydrates	45-57	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	31-36
2579291-5	1985	Removal of the carbohydrate moiety from the molecule by both enzymatic and chemical treatment reduced the apparent molecular size and eliminated lectin binding of hTeBG subunits.	Carbohydrates	15-27	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	163-168
2579291-7	1985	We conclude that hTeBG is a dimer whose monomer exhibits two protomeric forms which is not a result of carbohydrate heterogeneity.	Carbohydrates	103-115	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	17-22
6525362-4	1984	It was found that the carbohydrate component of this prolactin form is attached to asparagine at position 31; no differences were revealed between the amino acid composition of the major and glycosylated forms of the hormone.	Carbohydrates	22-34	prolactin	Homo sapiens	53-62
6526692-0	1984	High carbohydrate diet in the management of non-obese non-insulin-dependent Nigerian diabetics.	Carbohydrates	5-17	insulin	Homo sapiens	58-65
6390088-4	1984	By contrast, refeeding with a low-carbohydrate diet restores hexokinase activity in islet extracts, restores poorly blood insulin, and is unable to unblock the insulin secretory response toward glucose.	Carbohydrates	34-46	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	61-71
6391490-4	1984	This is the first report of insulin receptors on CHO cells and the first to use glycosylation mutants to study the effects of abnormal carbohydrates on insulin binding.	Carbohydrates	135-148	insulin	Cricetulus griseus	152-159
6525368-2	1984	Conversely, the retroplacental blood serum was shown to contain a transcortin form whose carbohydrate component is structurally different from that of the normal donor blood transcortin.	Carbohydrates	89-101	serpin family A member 6	Homo sapiens	66-77
6239876-0	1984	Carbohydrate moiety of von Willebrand factor is not necessary for maintaining multimeric structure and ristocetin cofactor activity but protects from proteolytic degradation.	Carbohydrates	0-12	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	23-44
6239876-1	1984	To better define the role of carbohydrate in the structure and ristocetin cofactor activity of von Willebrand factor, we have removed up to 83% of total hexose by sequential treatment of the molecule with endo-beta-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase F (endo F), neuraminidase, and beta-galactosidase.	Carbohydrates	29-41	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	95-116
6239876-5	1984	All multimers of unreduced carbohydrate-modified von Willebrand factor migrated more rapidly in SDS-agarose, but the triplet pattern of individual multimers was unchanged.	Carbohydrates	27-39	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	49-70
6239876-11	1984	This suggested that carbohydrate was protecting von Willebrand factor against traces of one or more protease contaminants.	Carbohydrates	20-32	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	48-69
6239876-14	1984	In contrast, the multimeric structure of von Willebrand factor with intact carbohydrate was not affected by plasmin under similar conditions.	Carbohydrates	75-87	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	41-62
6239876-15	1984	These studies suggest that carbohydrate protects von Willebrand factor from disaggregation occurring secondarily to proteolytic attack but does not play a direct role in maintaining its multimeric structure or ristocetin cofactor activity.	Carbohydrates	27-39	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	49-70
6397418-11	1984	In the third case with high insulin level despites with mild carbohydrate intolerance, the insulin values with radioimmunoassay and radioreceptor assay were coincident and no anti-insulin receptor antibody was detected.	Carbohydrates	61-73	insulin	Homo sapiens	28-35
6206400-9	1984	We show here that a carbohydrate moiety recognized by L2 and HNK-1 monoclonal antibodies, is present in mouse N-CAM and L1.	Carbohydrates	20-32	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	110-115
6380894-8	1984	These results indicate that there exist in human plasma two different types of inactive renin which differ in carbohydrate composition.	Carbohydrates	110-122	renin	Homo sapiens	88-93
6433980-3	1984	However, fetal plasma fibronectin was shown to have a distinct carbohydrate composition which is characterized by the presence of fucose.	Carbohydrates	63-75	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	22-33
6514226-1	1984	The monoclonal antibody HNK-1 binds to a carbohydrate determinant in the myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and other glycoproteins of human peripheral nerve.	Carbohydrates	41-53	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	24-29
6524919-0	1984	Vasopressin effects on food-rewarded learning tasks might be due to its action on carbohydrate/lipid metabolism, not memory.	Carbohydrates	82-94	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	0-11
6091745-6	1984	The C-terminal part includes 27 serines, preferentially coded by AGC and AGT, 13 histidine residues, and the sequence ...Asn-Gly-Ser... at which the carbohydrate moiety of phosvitin is attached.	Carbohydrates	149-161	Casein kinase II subunit beta	Gallus gallus	172-181
6438489-3	1984	Cumulative expired CO2 after injection of radioactive carbohydrate in rats showed that each carbohydrate was utilized in the order of glucose, fructose, maltose, sorbitol and xylitol even in depressed glucose metabolism and that depressed carbohydrate metabolism was improved by adequate insulin injection.	Carbohydrates	54-66	insulin	Homo sapiens	288-295
6148162-7	1984	Plasma GIP rose markedly after carbohydrate, basal 506 +/- 50 pg/ml, peak 1480 +/- 120 pg/ml.	Carbohydrates	31-43	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	7-10
6594315-10	1984	This observation together with the elution by alpha-methyl mannoside were indicative of the presence of carbohydrates on the sulfatase.	Carbohydrates	104-117	arylsulfatase family member H	Homo sapiens	125-134
6594315-11	1984	Since its enzymatic activity was markedly decreased by the effects of alpha-mannosidase and N-acetylglucosaminidase, a possible involvement of the carbohydrate moiety in the catalytic activity of the sulfatase might be considered.	Carbohydrates	147-159	arylsulfatase family member H	Homo sapiens	200-209
6438489-3	1984	Cumulative expired CO2 after injection of radioactive carbohydrate in rats showed that each carbohydrate was utilized in the order of glucose, fructose, maltose, sorbitol and xylitol even in depressed glucose metabolism and that depressed carbohydrate metabolism was improved by adequate insulin injection.	Carbohydrates	92-104	insulin	Homo sapiens	288-295
16663797-10	1984	When ground endosperm was employed as the carbohydrate source, sh2 embryos germinated and grew poorly, particularly on normal endosperm.	Carbohydrates	42-54	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	63-66
6381483-2	1984	Oligosaccharides on invertase, a secreted protein, and carboxypeptidase Y, a vacuolar protein, are matured normally in the gls1 mutant but retain three glucoses/carbohydrate chain.	Carbohydrates	161-173	mannosyl-oligosaccharide glucosidase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	123-127
16663797-11	1984	With a commercial corn starch as the carbohydrate source, sh2 germlings were shorter in length and displayed a greater loss in dry weight than the other genotypes.	Carbohydrates	37-49	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	58-61
16663797-12	1984	The poor growth of sh2 embryos on ground endosperm and starch media may indicate a dysfunction of the scutellum or axis in relation to carbohydrate metabolism and utilization.	Carbohydrates	135-147	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	19-22
6390995-5	1984	During simultaneous application of carbohydrates and caffeine, the increases in the concentration of blood glucose and serum insulin were intensified, whereas the serum concentrations of lactate and urea as well as hepatic glycogen were not altered.	Carbohydrates	35-48	insulin	Homo sapiens	125-132
6208868-4	1984	The relative activity levels of HK, phosphorylase and PFK support the accepted role of glycogen as primary substrate of carbohydrate catabolism in the leg muscles.	Carbohydrates	120-132	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	32-34
6588921-1	1984	The carbohydrate content of all of the species of human leukocyte interferon (IFN-alpha) which have been derived from patients with chronic myelogeneous leukemia (CML) and purified to homogeneity has now been determined.	Carbohydrates	4-16	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	56-87
6380904-2	1984	It is postulated that in addition to its role in carbohydrate metabolism, insulin is the mediator of feeding-related increases in thermogenesis (the thermic effect of food and dietary-induced thermogenesis).	Carbohydrates	49-61	insulin	Homo sapiens	74-81
6375349-1	1984	An 18-year-old man had cystic fibrosis (CF) and insulin-resistant carbohydrate intolerance characterized by (1) obesity, basal hyperinsulinemia, and hyperglucagonemia; (2) impaired oral glucose tolerance; (3) hyperinsulinemia in response to oral and intravenous (IV) administration of glucose and to IV administration of tolbutamide; (4) exaggerated gastric inhibitory polypeptide secretion following orally administered glucose; and (5) diminished sensitivity to insulin administered IV compared with other patients with CF.	Carbohydrates	66-78	insulin	Homo sapiens	48-55
6375349-4	1984	Thus, it should be recognized that an insulin-resistant form of carbohydrate intolerance may develop in patients with CF with obesity and/or genetic risk factors.	Carbohydrates	64-76	insulin	Homo sapiens	38-45
6378699-0	1984	The effects of biosynthetic human proinsulin on carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	48-60	insulin	Homo sapiens	34-44
6428463-0	1984	Further characterization of porcine plasma fibronectin which contains fucosylated carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	82-94	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	43-54
6725517-1	1984	Dietary protein, when substituted for carbohydrate or fat, can increase cytochrome P-450-dependent drug oxidation rates in humans.	Carbohydrates	38-50	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	72-88
6504047-5	1984	Fractionation of extracts of mouse lung on affinity columns of asialofetuin-Sepharose yielded a protein whose molecular weight, carbohydrate-binding specificity, and immunological properties suggest that it is CBP35 derived from the lung, hereafter designated CBP35 (lung).	Carbohydrates	128-140	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	210-215
6377146-7	1984	With insulin values over 20 microU/ml in the umbilical cord blood, a disturbance of maternal carbohydrate metabolism during pregnancy is likely.	Carbohydrates	93-105	insulin	Homo sapiens	5-12
6428463-10	1984	These results indicate that porcine plasma fibronectin has characteristics very similar to those of human plasma fibronectin and others, but is unique in that it contains fucosylated carbohydrate chains which unevenly distribute through functional domains.	Carbohydrates	183-195	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	43-54
6725284-0	1984	The structure of the carbohydrate units of human plasma galactoglycoprotein determined by 500-megahertz 1H NMR spectroscopy.	Carbohydrates	21-33	sialophorin	Homo sapiens	56-75
6325438-6	1984	Comparison of co-translationally modified apo-E with intracellular, secreted, and plasma forms indicates that after the intracellular cleavage of the signal peptide, the protein is glycosylated with carbohydrate chains containing sialic acid, secreted as sialoapo-E (apo-Es), and subsequently desialated in plasma.	Carbohydrates	199-211	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	42-47
6547160-2	1984	The glycoprotein nature of gpL115 is demonstrated through labeling in carbohydrate moieties by [3H]NaBH4 and its synthesis by lymphocytes through labeling with [35S]methionine.	Carbohydrates	70-82	sialophorin	Homo sapiens	27-33
6547160-4	1984	When tested on peanut lectin, which shows specificity for the disaccharide Gal beta 1-3GalNAc, gpL115 is nonadherent and sialidase-treated gpL115 is adherent, indicating the presence of the sequence sialic acid-Gal beta 1-3GalNAc, which is characteristic for O-linked (mucin-type, acidic-type) carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	294-307	sialophorin	Homo sapiens	95-101
6722179-5	1984	We conclude that the electric charge in the neighbourhood of the carbohydrate in both chains, B beta and gamma plays an important role in the attraction between monomeric fibrin and fibrinogen-monomeric fibrin.	Carbohydrates	65-77	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	182-192
6609839-3	1984	The ability of gangliosides to inhibit IL2 activity is directly related to the complexity of their carbohydrate portion, and related ceramide derivatives at similar concentrations do not inhibit IL2 activity.	Carbohydrates	99-111	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	39-42
6609839-4	1984	We conclude that IL2 bound to exogenous gangliosides is inactive and that the carbohydrate portion of the ganglioside is crucial to its interaction with IL2.	Carbohydrates	78-90	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	153-156
6376016-12	1984	On the basis of our results,guar treatment in combination with sulfonylurea and insulin can be recommended for the improvement of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	130-142	insulin	Homo sapiens	80-87
6147994-3	1984	Digestion of the carbohydrate part of gp70 antigens by glycosidase treatment abrogated the precipitation mediated by IgM antibodies, whereas that mediated by IgG antibodies was not markedly affected.	Carbohydrates	17-29	embigin	Homo sapiens	38-42
6474954-0	1984	[Effect of diets with different carbohydrate/fat ratios on the cytochrome P-450 content and monooxygenase activity of rat liver].	Carbohydrates	32-44	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-79
6429359-9	1984	After 5 days of refeeding, fibronectin levels were normalized on the carbohydrate-containing diet, but were still low (82% of normal) on the carbohydrate-free diet.	Carbohydrates	69-81	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	27-38
6204543-3	1984	Since AFP subfractions from yolk sac and fetal liver can be differentiated according to the carbohydrate moieties, our findings indicate that AFP produced by yolk sac tumor and fetal yolk sac are to some extent differently glycosylated.	Carbohydrates	92-104	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	142-145
6423641-4	1984	Changes in the molecular size of the monomeric forms after glycosidase treatment suggested that IFN-gamma I contains more carbohydrate than IFN-gamma II, and that IFN-gamma III may not be glycosylated at all.	Carbohydrates	122-134	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	96-105
6423641-5	1984	Hence, the differences in the carbohydrate contents are likely to be the major cause of the molecular size heterogeneity of IFN-gamma I, II, and III.	Carbohydrates	30-42	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	124-133
6200317-5	1984	These observations are consistent with the proposal that peak I contains only hABP, whereas peak II contains hTeBG and/or hABP with carbohydrate units that permit binding to Con A.	Carbohydrates	132-144	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	122-126
6200317-11	1984	We conclude from these observations that hABP (peak I), peak II activity, and hTeBG have common immunodeterminants and that if hABP is secreted into the blood of men, then its carbohydrate chains bind to Con A, making it indistinguishable from hTeBG under these conditions.	Carbohydrates	176-188	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	41-45
6200317-11	1984	We conclude from these observations that hABP (peak I), peak II activity, and hTeBG have common immunodeterminants and that if hABP is secreted into the blood of men, then its carbohydrate chains bind to Con A, making it indistinguishable from hTeBG under these conditions.	Carbohydrates	176-188	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	78-83
6200317-11	1984	We conclude from these observations that hABP (peak I), peak II activity, and hTeBG have common immunodeterminants and that if hABP is secreted into the blood of men, then its carbohydrate chains bind to Con A, making it indistinguishable from hTeBG under these conditions.	Carbohydrates	176-188	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	127-131
6200317-11	1984	We conclude from these observations that hABP (peak I), peak II activity, and hTeBG have common immunodeterminants and that if hABP is secreted into the blood of men, then its carbohydrate chains bind to Con A, making it indistinguishable from hTeBG under these conditions.	Carbohydrates	176-188	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	244-249
6365944-0	1984	Augmented gastric inhibitory polypeptide and insulin responses to a meal after an increase in carbohydrate (sucrose) intake.	Carbohydrates	94-106	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	10-40
6400089-0	1984	Effect of insulin on carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	21-33	insulin	Homo sapiens	10-17
6365944-0	1984	Augmented gastric inhibitory polypeptide and insulin responses to a meal after an increase in carbohydrate (sucrose) intake.	Carbohydrates	94-106	insulin	Homo sapiens	45-52
6365944-8	1984	Insulin secretion was greatest during period B, the carbohydrate week, when insulin concentrations 15-60 min after the test meal were significantly greater (P less than 0.05 to P less than 0.01) than after the baseline period.	Carbohydrates	52-64	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
6365944-10	1984	Serum GIP was highest during period B (carbohydrate), when average concentrations were significantly higher (P less than 0.01) 15-60 min after the meal compared to those during the baseline study.	Carbohydrates	39-51	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	6-9
6201306-10	1984	Similarities in the composition of both amino acids and carbohydrates of CEA and NCA suggest that CEA is "big-big" AG and NCA is "big" AG.	Carbohydrates	56-69	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	73-76
6321659-0	1984	5"-Nucleotidase from bovine caudate nucleus synaptic plasma membranes: specificity for substrates and cations; study of the carbohydrate moiety by glycosidases.	Carbohydrates	124-136	5'-nucleotidase	Bos taurus	0-15
6375097-3	1984	The data obtained show the timely operation with a radical removal of the inflammation focus in combination with an adequate correction of carbohydrate metabolism by high doses of insulin to be a successful method of treatment of acute cholecystitis in patients with diabetes mellitus.	Carbohydrates	139-151	insulin	Homo sapiens	180-187
6201306-10	1984	Similarities in the composition of both amino acids and carbohydrates of CEA and NCA suggest that CEA is "big-big" AG and NCA is "big" AG.	Carbohydrates	56-69	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	98-101
6423638-5	1984	The carbohydrates on human placental fibronectin contained a large percentage of polylactosamine structures, part of which occurred on the gelatin-binding fragment, comprising almost twice as much carbohydrate as plasma fibronectin.	Carbohydrates	4-17	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	37-48
6423638-5	1984	The carbohydrates on human placental fibronectin contained a large percentage of polylactosamine structures, part of which occurred on the gelatin-binding fragment, comprising almost twice as much carbohydrate as plasma fibronectin.	Carbohydrates	4-16	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	37-48
6423638-8	1984	Intact placental fibronectin contains 20,000 Da of carbohydrate, whereas plasma fibronectin contains 11,000 Da.	Carbohydrates	51-63	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	17-28
6423638-9	1984	Placental fibronectin is more protease-resistant than plasma fibronectin, possibly due to the additional carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	105-117	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	10-21
6423638-9	1984	Placental fibronectin is more protease-resistant than plasma fibronectin, possibly due to the additional carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	105-117	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	61-72
6202333-1	1984	Described is a novel method of fabrication of crystallized carbohydrate spheres with entrapped substances where it is shown that entrapped peptide hormones such as insulin and interferon, enzymes such as plasmin and beta-galactosidase and monoclonal antibodies retain their biological activity after release from the matrix.	Carbohydrates	59-71	insulin	Homo sapiens	164-186
6698989-3	1984	Activity measurement of the extracts from sliced gels after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the Western blotting technique revealed heterogeneity of the isolated erythropoietin, which is probably caused by variable amounts of carbohydrates attached to the polypeptide chain.	Carbohydrates	256-269	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	192-206
6141004-1	1984	The expression of the carbohydrate structure defined by monoclonal antibody to murine stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA-1) was examined, using immunofluorescence, in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of normal fetal and adult human colon and human colonic adenocarcinoma.	Carbohydrates	22-34	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	86-120
6141004-1	1984	The expression of the carbohydrate structure defined by monoclonal antibody to murine stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA-1) was examined, using immunofluorescence, in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of normal fetal and adult human colon and human colonic adenocarcinoma.	Carbohydrates	22-34	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	122-128
6719566-2	1984	It is also found that patients with myocardium infarction have a considerable amount of carbohydrate components in the modified albumin form.	Carbohydrates	88-100	albumin	Homo sapiens	128-135
6323296-5	1984	Electrophoretic techniques indicated the presence of atypical, highly branched but incompletely sialylated carbohydrate chains in the hepatoma cell-derived alpha 1-AT.	Carbohydrates	107-119	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	156-166
6374040-6	1984	These results demonstrate that the insulin resistance in this disorder cannot be explained by a decrease in glucose-receptor space and suggest a primary carbohydrate aberration in the disease process itself.	Carbohydrates	153-165	insulin	Homo sapiens	35-42
6362390-0	1984	Utility of studies measuring glucose and insulin responses to various carbohydrate-containing foods.	Carbohydrates	70-82	insulin	Homo sapiens	41-48
6696918-1	1984	Derivatives of human thrombin and antithrombin III with fluorescent labels covalently attached to their carbohydrate moieties were prepared by reaction of periodate-oxidized proteins with amino derivatives of dansyl, fluorescein and pyrene.	Carbohydrates	104-116	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	21-29
6704377-6	1984	The loop B sequence is unique insofar as it contains all of the carbohydrate moieties known to reside in alpha-thrombin.	Carbohydrates	64-76	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	111-119
6085606-7	1984	Digestion by glycosidase of the carbohydrate of gp70 antigens reduced their blocking activity.	Carbohydrates	32-44	embigin	Homo sapiens	48-52
6400041-4	1984	Although a carbohydrate meal itself lacks tryptophan, the meal causes insulin to be secreted.	Carbohydrates	11-23	insulin	Homo sapiens	70-77
6395724-7	1984	This sequence is identical with that of residues 491-495 of the sequence for human serum transferrin (MacGillivray et al., 1982) except that in the bovine transferrin, Asp is replaced by Asn, enabling carbohydrate attachment.	Carbohydrates	201-213	serotransferrin	Bos taurus	89-100
6395724-7	1984	This sequence is identical with that of residues 491-495 of the sequence for human serum transferrin (MacGillivray et al., 1982) except that in the bovine transferrin, Asp is replaced by Asn, enabling carbohydrate attachment.	Carbohydrates	201-213	serotransferrin	Bos taurus	155-166
6324888-0	1984	Interactions with lectins indicate differences in the carbohydrate composition of the membrane-bound enzymes acetylcholinesterase and 5"-nucleotidase in different cell types.	Carbohydrates	54-66	5'-nucleotidase	Bos taurus	134-149
6100437-5	1984	Erythropoietin appears to contain three domains, two protease-resistant regions containing all of the carbohydrate, connected by a protease-sensitive region containing the active site.	Carbohydrates	102-114	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	0-14
6317088-1	1984	Functional properties of the carbohydrate chain of human thrombin were examined by quantitating the activity of the enzyme before and after partial removal of its oligosaccharide by exoglycosidases.	Carbohydrates	29-41	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	57-65
6084639-6	1984	Treatment of the immunoprecipitated IFN-gamma molecule with endoglycosylase F led to a stepwise removal of the carbohydrate portions on both the 25 and 20 kD chains, which resulted in the appearance of both 16 kD and 18 kD chains.	Carbohydrates	111-123	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	36-45
6364983-2	1983	Binding of the insulin-ricin B hybrid to minimal-deviation hepatoma cells occurred primarily through ricin-specified cell-surface carbohydrates (galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine) since 125I-insulin-ricin B binding to cells could be 90% displaced by 50 mM lactose.	Carbohydrates	130-143	insulin	Homo sapiens	15-22
6377395-2	1984	Blood insulin and its direct relation to selected parameters of carbohydrate metabolism].	Carbohydrates	64-76	insulin	Homo sapiens	6-13
24263666-7	1983	Response of carbohydrate metabolism to treatment was assessed in terms of change in insulin requirements, fasting plasma glucose, plasma cholesterol, and triglycerides, as well as the change in plasma glucose, glucagon, and insulin or C-peptide levels in response to a standard meal.	Carbohydrates	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	84-91
6197967-0	1983	High-molecular-weight glycoproteins are the major carriers of the carbohydrate differentiation antigens I, i and SSEA-1 of mouse teratocarcinoma cells.	Carbohydrates	66-78	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	113-119
6200133-4	1983	These results suggest that the primary requirement for entry of P. falciparum merozoites into human red cells is the recognition of a carbohydrate structure present on glycophorin A or B which includes sialic acid and galactose, but is not necessarily clustered at the N-terminal end of the molecule.	Carbohydrates	134-146	glycophorin A (MNS blood group)	Homo sapiens	168-181
6358258-8	1983	These findings demonstrate that several of the abnormalities of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism recently noted to be present in adipocytes from patients with NIDDM can be shown to significantly improve with insulin treatment.	Carbohydrates	64-76	insulin	Homo sapiens	209-216
6139387-5	1983	Continuous somatostatin infusion at high dose (4 micrograms/kg per min subcutaneously) and low dose (0.8 micrograms/kg per min subcutaneously) for 48-72 h significantly increased (P less than 0.001) the mean aorta plasma somatostatin-like immunoreactivity concentration to 786 +/- 65 and 448 +/- 58 pg/ml, respectively compared with the normal mean of 69 +/- 17 pg/ml in the carbohydrate-fed rat (20% glucose in water ad lib.).	Carbohydrates	375-387	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	11-23
6373464-1	1984	The rationale for the present study was that temporarily reversing the urbanization process in diabetic Aborigines should improve all aspects of their carbohydrate and lipid metabolism that are linked to insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	151-163	insulin	Homo sapiens	204-211
6584878-4	1983	The delta 4-5 alpha-reduction of testosterone was considerably diminished, while the cytochrome P-450-dependent hydroxylation of estradiol at the C2 position was substantially enhanced during ingestion of the high-protein diet as compared with the high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	253-265	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	85-101
6376911-1	1983	The evidence appears overwhelming that insulin resistance is the major cause of the carbohydrate intolerance observed in chronically uremic subjects and that the primary site of this insulin resistance resides in peripheral tissues, muscle.	Carbohydrates	84-96	insulin	Homo sapiens	39-46
6139387-18	1983	Thus, somatostatin inhibited hepatic T4-5"-deiodinase activity in the carbohydrate-fed rat and prevented the carbohydrate-refeeding normalization of enzyme activity in the 72-h-fasted rat.	Carbohydrates	70-82	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	6-18
6139387-18	1983	Thus, somatostatin inhibited hepatic T4-5"-deiodinase activity in the carbohydrate-fed rat and prevented the carbohydrate-refeeding normalization of enzyme activity in the 72-h-fasted rat.	Carbohydrates	109-121	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	6-18
6139387-20	1983	In the carbohydrate-fed animal the somatostatin effect was selective, as the hormone had no effect on pituitary T4-5"-deiodinase activity.	Carbohydrates	7-19	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	35-47
6198005-1	1983	The hybridoma antibody TL5, which precipitates the EGF receptor from the human epidermoid carcinoma cell line A431, has been shown to recognize the blood-group-A carbohydrate structure.	Carbohydrates	162-174	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	51-63
6369964-0	1983	Insulin receptors and action in clinical disorders of carbohydrate tolerance.	Carbohydrates	54-66	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
6684483-0	1983	Study of the carbohydrate moiety of human serum sex hormone-binding globulin.	Carbohydrates	13-25	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	48-76
6670737-4	1983	The resulting molecular weight (30,500 +/- 800 g/mol) and partial specific volume (0.660 +/- 0.008 ml/g) are consistent with the idea that a sizeable fraction of the carbohydrate of high-molecular-weight kininogen is associated with the light chain.	Carbohydrates	166-178	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	182-213
6648974-2	1983	The chemical analyses showed that amniotic fluid fibronectin is different from adult plasma fibronectin in carbohydrate content and composition while there seems to be no significant differences in amino acid composition.	Carbohydrates	107-119	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	49-60
6419635-4	1983	In spite of restricted carbohydrate dosage, we still needed 28IU of insulin daily to keep the blood glucose within a range of 8-10 mmol/l.	Carbohydrates	23-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	68-75
6141625-14	1983	The present data demonstrate that the addition of carbohydrates either orally or intravenously to fat and protein meals modulates the effect of endogenous opiates in the regulation of postprandial somatostatin, insulin and pancreatic polypeptide release in dogs in a way that carbohydrates induce inhibitory mechanisms that are mediated via endogenous opiate receptors.	Carbohydrates	50-63	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	223-245
6192908-1	1983	The carbohydrate moiety of alpha-fetoprotein purified from human yolk sac tumors grown in nude mice was quantitatively released from the polypeptide chain as oligosaccharides by hydrazinolysis.	Carbohydrates	4-16	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	27-44
6197148-5	1983	Its amino acid composition is similar to other AFP"s, but it has a higher carbohydrate content (8.5%), owing to larger amounts of mannose and N-acetylglucosamine.	Carbohydrates	74-86	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: alpha-fetoprotein	Cavia porcellus	47-50
6628205-0	1983	[Structural characteristics of the carbohydrate component of transcortin in human retroplacental blood].	Carbohydrates	35-47	serpin family A member 6	Homo sapiens	61-72
6193115-7	1983	In contrast, it appears that CBP35 represents a newly identified protein capable of binding to galactose-containing carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	116-129	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	29-34
6350543-2	1983	Carbohydrate-sensitivity was based on an abnormal insulin response to a sucrose load.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	50-57
6350543-6	1983	Insulin and glucose levels were significantly higher in carbohydrate-sensitive as compared to normal men.	Carbohydrates	56-68	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
6350543-8	1983	At 1 hour, the carbohydrate-sensitive men given sucrose had significantly higher insulin levels than carbohydrate-sensitive men given invert sugar (disaccharide effect).	Carbohydrates	15-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	81-88
6604052-8	1983	Human coagulation Factor IX was purified and labeled with sodium [3H]borohydride on its carbohydrate moieties.	Carbohydrates	88-100	coagulation factor IX	Homo sapiens	6-27
6350813-3	1983	Preprandial plasma insulin levels were slightly increased during carbohydrate overfeeding, but no increase in the postprandial rise in insulin levels was found until 11 days after the start of carbohydrate loading.	Carbohydrates	65-77	insulin	Homo sapiens	19-26
6346001-5	1983	In addition, integrated postprandial insulin, TG, and VLDL-TG responses to the noon meal were significantly (P less than 0.01-0.001) elevated on the low-fat-high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	162-174	insulin	Homo sapiens	37-44
6305481-10	1983	The lectin binding heterogeneity of hCG and hCG-alpha indicate structural variations in the carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	92-104	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	44-53
6626598-6	1983	A comparison of the biological activity spectrum of native somatotropin and of its fragment 77-107 suggests that the biochemical information required for the realization of a prolonged growth-promoting effect and a relatively rapid action of the hormone on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism is contained in different parts of the polypeptide chain.	Carbohydrates	267-279	growth hormone 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-71
6358145-5	1983	Of these 75 were injecting twice daily short and intermediate acting insulin; in this group there were significant relationships between HbA1 and both care with carbohydrate estimation and eating pattern (P less than 0.05).	Carbohydrates	161-173	insulin	Homo sapiens	69-76
6632050-0	1983	Undecagold labeling of a glycoprotein: STEM visualization of an undecagoldphosphine cluster labeling the carbohydrate sites of human haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex.	Carbohydrates	105-117	haptoglobin	Homo sapiens	133-144
6632050-4	1983	This report describes the specific labeling of carbohydrate moietis on the glycoprotein human haptoglobin (Hp) in the haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex (Hp X Hb).	Carbohydrates	47-59	haptoglobin	Homo sapiens	94-105
6632050-4	1983	This report describes the specific labeling of carbohydrate moietis on the glycoprotein human haptoglobin (Hp) in the haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex (Hp X Hb).	Carbohydrates	47-59	haptoglobin	Homo sapiens	118-129
6195088-1	1983	N-terminal and internal fragments of human glycophorin A with chemically defined carbohydrate moieties have been used as immunogens after conjugation to BSA or polymerization to produce carbohydrate-directed antibodies with the desired specificity against O-glycosidically linked D-galactopyranosyl-beta-(1 leads to 3)-N-acetyl-D-galactopyranosamine, a possible marker on transformed T-lymphocytes and mammary tissue of humans.	Carbohydrates	81-93	glycophorin A (MNS blood group)	Homo sapiens	43-56
6195088-1	1983	N-terminal and internal fragments of human glycophorin A with chemically defined carbohydrate moieties have been used as immunogens after conjugation to BSA or polymerization to produce carbohydrate-directed antibodies with the desired specificity against O-glycosidically linked D-galactopyranosyl-beta-(1 leads to 3)-N-acetyl-D-galactopyranosamine, a possible marker on transformed T-lymphocytes and mammary tissue of humans.	Carbohydrates	186-198	glycophorin A (MNS blood group)	Homo sapiens	43-56
6871228-0	1983	Possible role of the carbohydrate residues in the display of the MN blood group determinants by glycophorin A.	Carbohydrates	21-33	glycophorin A (MNS blood group)	Homo sapiens	96-109
6343873-0	1983	Postprandial glucose and insulin responses to meals containing different carbohydrates in normal and diabetic subjects.	Carbohydrates	73-86	insulin	Homo sapiens	25-32
6625162-10	1983	Regions to which carbohydrates are attached could be identified by comparing glycosylated and unglycosylated forms of POMC.	Carbohydrates	17-30	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	118-122
6350137-1	1983	Carbohydrate intolerance with high insulin levels are a consistent finding in acute and chronic liver diseases.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	35-42
6870248-1	1983	The carbohydrate structure of human thrombin has been determined by direct probe mass spectrometry of the oligosaccharides released by trifluoroacetolysis from the asialo glycoprotein.	Carbohydrates	4-16	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	36-44
6358591-5	1983	Insulin, glucagon and growth hormone which influence carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were also elevated for one week after infusion of GIK solution.	Carbohydrates	53-65	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
6350247-7	1983	The exercise-induced decrease in plasma insulin was prevented by carbohydrate feeding.	Carbohydrates	65-77	insulin	Homo sapiens	40-47
6862036-5	1983	Analysis of the purified angiotensinogen showed it to contain 14% carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	66-78	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	25-40
6407018-3	1983	The IgD molecule is a four-chain monomer of Mr approximately equal to 176,000; it consists of two lambda chains (each of 214 residues, Mr = 22,893) and two delta chains (each of 512 residues, Mr approximately equal to 65,000, including carbohydrate), and, unlike murine IgD, it contains two C delta 2 domains.	Carbohydrates	236-248	immunoglobulin heavy constant delta	Mus musculus	4-7
6343064-2	1983	The effects of PRL on carbohydrate metabolism may be explained by at least two different mechanisms.	Carbohydrates	22-34	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	15-18
6345584-11	1983	Finally, a significant inverse relationship was observed between the degree of glucose intolerance in the individual elderly subjects, as reflected by the 2-h serum glucose level during the oral glucose tolerance test, and the degree of peripheral insulin resistance as assessed by the glucose disposal rate during the 40 mU/m(2) per min insulin infusion (r = 0.59, P < 0.01).We conclude that carbohydrate intolerance develops as part of the aging process.	Carbohydrates	396-408	insulin	Homo sapiens	248-255
6345584-12	1983	This carbohydrate intolerance appears to be the consequence of peripheral insulin resistance caused by a postreceptor defect in target tissue insulin action, which causes both a decrease in the maximal rate of peripheral glucose disposal and a rightward shift in the insulin action dose-response curve.	Carbohydrates	5-17	insulin	Homo sapiens	74-81
6345584-12	1983	This carbohydrate intolerance appears to be the consequence of peripheral insulin resistance caused by a postreceptor defect in target tissue insulin action, which causes both a decrease in the maximal rate of peripheral glucose disposal and a rightward shift in the insulin action dose-response curve.	Carbohydrates	5-17	insulin	Homo sapiens	142-149
6345584-12	1983	This carbohydrate intolerance appears to be the consequence of peripheral insulin resistance caused by a postreceptor defect in target tissue insulin action, which causes both a decrease in the maximal rate of peripheral glucose disposal and a rightward shift in the insulin action dose-response curve.	Carbohydrates	5-17	insulin	Homo sapiens	142-149
6345584-13	1983	In elderly subjects, the severity of the abnormality in carbohydrate tolerance is directly correlated to the degree of peripheral insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	56-68	insulin	Homo sapiens	130-137
6136624-2	1983	A persistent hyperinsulinemia was found in patients with disordered carbohydrate metabolism, both in cases of glucose stimulation and insulin inhibition, where glandular function was assessed on the basis of S-peptide concentration as opposed to the control level.	Carbohydrates	68-80	insulin	Homo sapiens	18-25
6136624-5	1983	Blood basal STH levels did not differ significantly in the study groups, however the increase in hormonal secretion following insulin administration was less pronounced in patients with disordered carbohydrate metabolism as compared to other groups.	Carbohydrates	197-209	insulin	Homo sapiens	126-133
6412074-1	1983	NCA was purified from normal human lung (L-NCA) and from liver metastases of colon adenocarcinoma (T-NCA), L-NCA and T-NCA had different carbohydrate compositions, but showed an immunological identity in double immunodiffusion with the use of anti-CEA and anti-L-NCA sera.	Carbohydrates	137-149	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
6344640-3	1983	Pregnant women with carbohydrate intolerance represent three metabolically heterogeneous groups: type I (insulin-dependent), type II (non-insulin-dependent), and gestational diabetes.	Carbohydrates	20-32	insulin	Homo sapiens	105-112
6345185-3	1983	The carbohydrate groups present in the glycopeptide cleaved from purified [3H]-GlcNAc-rhodopsin by an enzyme from the retinal pigment epithelium were analyzed in terms of the size of the oligosaccharide chains, the sequence of the sugars and their anomeric linkages.	Carbohydrates	4-16	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	86-95
6353289-0	1983	Regulatory relationships of thyroid hormone, growth hormone and high carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	69-81	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	45-59
6683569-7	1983	The amino acid and carbohydrate contents of SHBG were determined.	Carbohydrates	19-31	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	44-48
6350027-1	1983	We studied the insulin sensitivity in 5 normal subjects and 5 subjects with impaired carbohydrate tolerance using the glucose controlled insulin infusion system (BIOSTATOR).	Carbohydrates	85-97	insulin	Homo sapiens	15-22
6350027-4	1983	Calculating the average insulin glucose ratio for 24 hours, the mean values amounted to 3531 and 9319 ng/gm (p less than 0.01) in subjects with normal and impaired carbohydrate tolerance, respectively, indicating that insulin resistance is the main cause of decreased glucose utilization in the latter group.	Carbohydrates	164-176	insulin	Homo sapiens	24-31
6350027-4	1983	Calculating the average insulin glucose ratio for 24 hours, the mean values amounted to 3531 and 9319 ng/gm (p less than 0.01) in subjects with normal and impaired carbohydrate tolerance, respectively, indicating that insulin resistance is the main cause of decreased glucose utilization in the latter group.	Carbohydrates	164-176	insulin	Homo sapiens	218-225
6847192-4	1983	Neither was it correlated to glycogen content or stimulation of glycogenolysis, which were restored earlier than the vasopressin effect on palmitate oxidation when previously fasted rats were refed a carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	200-212	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	117-128
6348194-6	1983	Coverage was low when a low level of heparin-releasable heart LPL activity was induced by carbohydrate-feeding.	Carbohydrates	90-102	lipoprotein lipase	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
6349660-0	1983	[The role of dietary carbohydrates and proteins in the determination of postprandial insulin requirements, evaluated by artificial pancreas, in type I diabetics].	Carbohydrates	21-34	insulin	Homo sapiens	85-92
6349660-1	1983	Aim of this work is to evaluate the relative role of ingested carbohydrates and proteins in determining post-prandial insulin requirement in type I diabetic patients by means of artificial pancreas 5 male diabetics were given two times a day a diet with a high amount of carbohydrates (140g) or with a high amount of proteins (120g) while connected to the Biostator.	Carbohydrates	62-75	insulin	Homo sapiens	118-125
6349660-3	1983	Post-prandial insulin requirement after high proteins meals did not appear greater than basal requirement, while insulin requirement after high carbohydrates meals appeared statistically greater than basal requirement.	Carbohydrates	144-157	insulin	Homo sapiens	113-120
6337795-1	1983	CEA is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 200,000 containing 55%-65% carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	76-88	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
6340290-1	1983	Pancreatic transplantation is intended to normalize carbohydrate metabolism in insulin-dependent diabetics by restoring endogenous insulin release, and it is usually performed together with kidney transplantation in patients with end-stage renal failure.	Carbohydrates	52-64	insulin	Homo sapiens	79-86
6838662-13	1983	The present finding, that acute or chronic glucocorticoid-induced increases in in vivo TPO activity were rapidly blocked by intragastric carbohydrate loads, is consistent with the view that dietary carbohydrates modulate hepatic TPO activity via feedback repression and not by a cessation of TPO enzyme synthesis.	Carbohydrates	137-149	tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase	Rattus norvegicus	87-90
6838662-13	1983	The present finding, that acute or chronic glucocorticoid-induced increases in in vivo TPO activity were rapidly blocked by intragastric carbohydrate loads, is consistent with the view that dietary carbohydrates modulate hepatic TPO activity via feedback repression and not by a cessation of TPO enzyme synthesis.	Carbohydrates	198-211	tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase	Rattus norvegicus	87-90
6838662-13	1983	The present finding, that acute or chronic glucocorticoid-induced increases in in vivo TPO activity were rapidly blocked by intragastric carbohydrate loads, is consistent with the view that dietary carbohydrates modulate hepatic TPO activity via feedback repression and not by a cessation of TPO enzyme synthesis.	Carbohydrates	198-211	tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase	Rattus norvegicus	229-232
6838662-13	1983	The present finding, that acute or chronic glucocorticoid-induced increases in in vivo TPO activity were rapidly blocked by intragastric carbohydrate loads, is consistent with the view that dietary carbohydrates modulate hepatic TPO activity via feedback repression and not by a cessation of TPO enzyme synthesis.	Carbohydrates	198-211	tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase	Rattus norvegicus	229-232
6829483-2	1983	Exchanging dietary carbohydrate with fat diminished refeeding adaptations in carbohydrate pathways (glycogen contents of liver and muscle, glucose incorporation into carbondioxide, and triglyceride in adipose tissue), but instead facilitated lipid storage (weight of and lipoprotein lipase activity in adipose tissue).	Carbohydrates	19-31	lipoprotein lipase	Rattus norvegicus	271-289
6847745-6	1983	Compared to the low Carb diet, the high Carb diet was associated with an increase in the size of HDL2 (116.0 +/- 1.8 vs. 109.1 +/- 1.8 A) and in the content (mean weight % +/- SEM) of apoE (2.81 +/- 0.71 vs. 1.79 +/- 0.49, P less than 0.01) and of apoC-II (1.73 +/- 0.09 vs. 1.11 +/- 0.12, P less than 0.01).	Carbohydrates	40-44	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	184-188
6847745-9	1983	HDL3 apoC-II and apoC-III, however, were higher on the high Carb diet, P less than 0.05.	Carbohydrates	60-64	HDL3	Homo sapiens	0-4
6847745-11	1983	We suggest that the increased amount of apolipoprotein E in HDL2 may influence its rate of catabolic clearance and may account for the well-known decrease in plasma HDL-cholesterol in subjects on high Carb diets.	Carbohydrates	201-205	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	40-56
6343037-4	1983	Although comparable, the insulin requirements (per gram of ingested carbohydrate) were proportionately greater in the morning than during the rest of the day; the baseline requirements were also similar, but showed a trend toward increase during the day with both insulins.	Carbohydrates	68-80	insulin	Homo sapiens	25-32
6339351-9	1983	In cirrhotics, insulin effects on carbohydrate and branched-chain amino acid metabolism were reduced.	Carbohydrates	34-46	insulin	Homo sapiens	15-22
16662849-0	1983	beta-1,3-Endoglucanase from Soybean Releases Elicitor-Active Carbohydrates from Fungus Cell Walls.	Carbohydrates	61-74	glucan endo-1,3-beta-glucosidase	Glycine max	0-22
6337175-0	1983	Insulin binding to monocytes in obese patients treated with carbohydrate restriction and changes in physical activity.	Carbohydrates	60-72	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
6337175-1	1983	Mean [125I]insulin binding to circulating monocytes was low (P less than 0.05 compared to normal controls) in nine obese patients on a weight-maintaining diet in which 45% of the calories were carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	193-205	insulin	Homo sapiens	11-18
6337175-7	1983	We conclude that 1) insulin binding to monocytes in obese patients is generally low in patients on a carbohydrate-rich diet, but is normal in patients on carbohydrate-restricted diets; 2) down-regulation of insulin receptors does not necessarily occur in the presence of hyperinsulinemia: and 3) a walking program results in an improvement in glucose tolerance and hyperinsulinemia that is not associated with a change in insulin binding.	Carbohydrates	101-113	insulin	Homo sapiens	20-27
6337175-7	1983	We conclude that 1) insulin binding to monocytes in obese patients is generally low in patients on a carbohydrate-rich diet, but is normal in patients on carbohydrate-restricted diets; 2) down-regulation of insulin receptors does not necessarily occur in the presence of hyperinsulinemia: and 3) a walking program results in an improvement in glucose tolerance and hyperinsulinemia that is not associated with a change in insulin binding.	Carbohydrates	101-113	insulin	Homo sapiens	207-214
6337175-7	1983	We conclude that 1) insulin binding to monocytes in obese patients is generally low in patients on a carbohydrate-rich diet, but is normal in patients on carbohydrate-restricted diets; 2) down-regulation of insulin receptors does not necessarily occur in the presence of hyperinsulinemia: and 3) a walking program results in an improvement in glucose tolerance and hyperinsulinemia that is not associated with a change in insulin binding.	Carbohydrates	101-113	insulin	Homo sapiens	207-214
6337175-7	1983	We conclude that 1) insulin binding to monocytes in obese patients is generally low in patients on a carbohydrate-rich diet, but is normal in patients on carbohydrate-restricted diets; 2) down-regulation of insulin receptors does not necessarily occur in the presence of hyperinsulinemia: and 3) a walking program results in an improvement in glucose tolerance and hyperinsulinemia that is not associated with a change in insulin binding.	Carbohydrates	154-166	insulin	Homo sapiens	20-27
6337175-7	1983	We conclude that 1) insulin binding to monocytes in obese patients is generally low in patients on a carbohydrate-rich diet, but is normal in patients on carbohydrate-restricted diets; 2) down-regulation of insulin receptors does not necessarily occur in the presence of hyperinsulinemia: and 3) a walking program results in an improvement in glucose tolerance and hyperinsulinemia that is not associated with a change in insulin binding.	Carbohydrates	154-166	insulin	Homo sapiens	207-214
6337175-7	1983	We conclude that 1) insulin binding to monocytes in obese patients is generally low in patients on a carbohydrate-rich diet, but is normal in patients on carbohydrate-restricted diets; 2) down-regulation of insulin receptors does not necessarily occur in the presence of hyperinsulinemia: and 3) a walking program results in an improvement in glucose tolerance and hyperinsulinemia that is not associated with a change in insulin binding.	Carbohydrates	154-166	insulin	Homo sapiens	207-214
6338347-11	1983	The longitudinal metabolic profile of the obese mouse developed in the present study clearly demonstrates the dynamic nature of the deviations in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in this animal model of human obesity and insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	146-158	insulin	Homo sapiens	222-229
6218162-7	1983	On the other hand, residues 159 and 160, which lie in the 17-residue additional loop that is unique to haptoglobin among its homologous serine protease family, and residues 73 and 74, which lie close to the carbohydrate-binding residues, appear to be remote from the hemoglobin-binding site.	Carbohydrates	207-219	haptoglobin	Homo sapiens	103-114
6364720-0	1983	Insulin injected into CNS structures or into the carotid artery: effect on carbohydrate homeostasis of the intact animal.	Carbohydrates	75-87	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
6836273-0	1983	Potential role of galactokinase in neonatal carbohydrate assimilation.	Carbohydrates	44-56	galactokinase 1	Canis lupus familiaris	18-31
6201714-8	1983	NCA-2 had amino acid and carbohydrate compositions similar to those of CEA and NFA-2.	Carbohydrates	25-37	CEA cell adhesion molecule 4	Homo sapiens	0-3
6339487-7	1983	The 16(mnn1)-binding fragment has a molecular weight of 2 X 10(4) and is 30% carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	77-89	alpha-1,3-mannosyltransferase MNN1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	7-11
6338677-0	1983	Hepatic extraction of insulin after carbohydrate hyperalimentation.	Carbohydrates	36-48	insulin	Homo sapiens	22-29
6342506-5	1983	It is hence suggested that the initial disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism in transfusional siderosis is insulin resistance, similar to that found in chronic liver disease.	Carbohydrates	54-66	insulin	Homo sapiens	108-115
6303728-6	1983	A diabetic person being treated with insulin or a hypoglycemic drug will have to comply with a dietary regimen consistent in carbohydrate content and time of meal ingestion.	Carbohydrates	125-137	insulin	Homo sapiens	37-44
6130932-0	1983	[Effect of acute beta 1 and beta 1/beta 2 receptor blockade on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism during exertion].	Carbohydrates	63-75	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 1	Homo sapiens	17-50
6839503-2	1983	After the selective removal from serum proteins with affinity chromatography on Blue-Sepharose CL-6B, albumin was applied to a column of concanavalin-A Sepharose which resolved the protein in two subunits with different specific colour activity for carbohydrates, as tested with thiobarbituric acid assay.	Carbohydrates	249-262	albumin	Homo sapiens	102-109
6822533-6	1983	We conclude that the carbohydrate moiety on AChR may play a role in determining the folding of newly synthesized polypeptides to form a conformation compatible with the metabolic properties and ligand interactions characteristic of glycosylated AChR.	Carbohydrates	21-33	cholinergic receptor nicotinic delta subunit	Gallus gallus	44-48
6822533-6	1983	We conclude that the carbohydrate moiety on AChR may play a role in determining the folding of newly synthesized polypeptides to form a conformation compatible with the metabolic properties and ligand interactions characteristic of glycosylated AChR.	Carbohydrates	21-33	cholinergic receptor nicotinic delta subunit	Gallus gallus	245-249
6847629-4	1983	An anti-thrombin III-binding oligosaccharide preparation (containing predominantly eight to ten saccharide units), prepared by degradation of heparin with HNO2 had high (800 units/mg) anti-Factor Xa, but negligible anti-thrombin, specific activity.	Carbohydrates	34-44	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	8-16
6847629-9	1983	It is concluded that heparin oligosaccharides require saccharide units in addition to the anti-thrombin III-binding sequence in order to fully interact with PF4.	Carbohydrates	34-44	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	95-103
6130472-8	1983	One-third of the Thy-1 molecule is carbohydrate and the remainder is a polypeptide of 111 amino acids whose sequence has been fully determined.	Carbohydrates	35-47	Thy-1 cell surface antigen	Rattus norvegicus	17-22
6315319-2	1983	This adhesion is mediated by the interaction between bindin, a protein that coats the sperm acrosomal process, and a high Mr, carbohydrate-rich component of the egg surface.	Carbohydrates	126-138	bindin	Strongylocentrotus purpuratus	53-59
6354949-7	1983	This metabolic adaptation mainly results from two mechanisms: a significantly lower plasma IRI at rest and during exercise after PSF (5.7 +/- 0.8 vs 11.4 +/- 1.4 microunits/ml, 2 P less than 0.001); and a lower basal blood glucose (4.2 +/- 0.2 vs 4.6 +/- 0.1 mmol/l) and an earlier decrease of glucose (30th vs 90th min) during exercise after PSF, suggesting a relative depletion of the carbohydrates stores.	Carbohydrates	387-400	insulin like growth factor binding protein 7	Homo sapiens	129-132
6336620-8	1983	Diets high in carbohydrate and protein result in significantly more insulin production, as measured by urinary C-peptide, than isocaloric diets with low protein or carbohydrate composition.	Carbohydrates	14-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	68-75
6336620-8	1983	Diets high in carbohydrate and protein result in significantly more insulin production, as measured by urinary C-peptide, than isocaloric diets with low protein or carbohydrate composition.	Carbohydrates	14-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	111-120
6833882-6	1983	We have determined that apoA-IV is a glycoprotein containing 6% carbohydrate by weight (mannose 1.8%, galactose 1.55%, N-acetyl glucosamine 1.55%, sialic acid 1.1%).	Carbohydrates	64-76	apolipoprotein A4	Homo sapiens	24-31
6361440-6	1983	As a result of the GP feedings the rate of carbohydrate utilization during the GP trial was 0.53 g X min-1 greater than during the C trial.	Carbohydrates	43-55	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	101-106
6336816-6	1983	Furthermore, the plasma insulin and triglyceride responses to the meal tolerance test during the 60% carbohydrate dietary period were significantly elevated.	Carbohydrates	101-113	insulin	Homo sapiens	24-31
6336816-7	1983	These results indicate that high-carbohydrate diets lead to changes in insulin, TG, and HDL-cholesterol concentrations which have been associated with an increase in incidence of coronary artery disease.	Carbohydrates	33-45	insulin	Homo sapiens	71-78
6359389-8	1983	The raised IgE levels in diabetic patients could not be explained by specific reagins against insulin, but may have reflected an influence of abnormal carbohydrate metabolism on IgE synthesis.	Carbohydrates	151-163	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	11-14
6359389-8	1983	The raised IgE levels in diabetic patients could not be explained by specific reagins against insulin, but may have reflected an influence of abnormal carbohydrate metabolism on IgE synthesis.	Carbohydrates	151-163	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	178-181
6818080-4	1982	There was a significant increase in serum apolipoprotein A-I in obese females treated with calorie restriction and metformin and in non-obese females treated with carbohydrate restriction and glibenclamide.	Carbohydrates	163-175	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	42-60
6129260-0	1982	Effect of somatostatin-induced suppression of postprandial insulin response upon the hypertriglyceridemia associated with a high carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	129-141	insulin	Homo sapiens	59-66
6820801-7	1982	Our results suggest that the carbohydrate moiety, if not necessary for exo-1,3-beta-D-glucanase secretion, may play a role in the conformation of the protein and in stabilizing the enzymic activity.	Carbohydrates	29-41	Rad2 family nuclease EXO1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	71-76
6816288-5	1982	These physicochemical differences can be accounted for by the difference in carbohydrate content: A-1, when compared to A-2, had a higher content of sialic acid (5.0 and 2.1 mol/mol), neutral hexoses (10.2 and 5.9 mol/mol) and aminohexoses (10.5 and 7.0 mol/mol, respectively).	Carbohydrates	76-88	UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A7C	Rattus norvegicus	120-123
6760120-4	1982	With both types of insulin therapy, insulin requirements per gram of ingested carbohydrates were proportionally more important in the morning than during the rest of the day, dans baseline requirements tended to increase during the day.	Carbohydrates	78-91	insulin	Homo sapiens	19-26
6760120-4	1982	With both types of insulin therapy, insulin requirements per gram of ingested carbohydrates were proportionally more important in the morning than during the rest of the day, dans baseline requirements tended to increase during the day.	Carbohydrates	78-91	insulin	Homo sapiens	36-43
6753184-3	1982	The mean weight loss was 2 kg and the mean post-match rectal temperature was 39 degrees C. Pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion caused serum insulin and growth hormone concentrations to be significantly higher during the first half of the match.	Carbohydrates	104-116	insulin	Homo sapiens	140-147
6753184-3	1982	The mean weight loss was 2 kg and the mean post-match rectal temperature was 39 degrees C. Pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion caused serum insulin and growth hormone concentrations to be significantly higher during the first half of the match.	Carbohydrates	104-116	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	152-166
6753184-7	1982	In these players pre-exercise carbohydrate feeding did not produce adverse metabolic effects, possibly because the players had enhanced glucose tolerance, characterized by a diminished insulin response to ingested carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	214-226	insulin	Homo sapiens	185-192
6983877-7	1982	The strongest and most consistent among the statistically significant associations were those between LDL-C and total caloric intake and with carbohydrates and sucrose (all negative associations).	Carbohydrates	142-155	component of oligomeric golgi complex 2	Homo sapiens	102-107
7159693-5	1982	The rough and smooth microsomal DT-diaphorase contains covalently bound carbohydrate, but no sugar moiety could be detected bound to the cytoplasmic form of the enzyme.	Carbohydrates	72-84	NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-45
7172090-9	1982	These findings indicate that human apo E isomorphism results from differences in the primary amino acid sequence of the individual isoforms in addition to charged carbohydrate heterogeneity.	Carbohydrates	163-175	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	35-40
6752641-5	1982	It is proposed that a factor of intestinal origin is released during intake of carbohydrates, which blocks the B-cell response to the combined glucose-GIP stimulus.	Carbohydrates	79-92	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	151-154
6757619-0	1982	Thermogenic response to insulin and glucose infusions in man: a model to evaluate the different components of the thermic effect of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	132-144	insulin	Homo sapiens	24-31
6759379-0	1982	Plasma insulin response to legumes and carbohydrate foods.	Carbohydrates	39-51	insulin	Homo sapiens	7-14
7174648-2	1982	Chymotrypsin cleaved C4bp into two major fragments; a large fragment of Mr 160,000, which contained carbohydrate chains and was composed of disulfide-linked polypeptide chains of Mr 25,000, and a small fragment of Mr 48,000, which was a single polypeptide chain and had the cofactor activity of C4bp.	Carbohydrates	100-112	complement component 4 binding protein alpha	Homo sapiens	21-25
6292259-2	1982	NK-target-cell interaction appears to involve carbohydrate recognition and, following binding, the NK cells are induced to generate O2-, transmethylate membrane phospholipids, and activate phospholipase A2.	Carbohydrates	46-58	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	189-205
6757523-4	1982	It is suggested that GIP infusion to patients with myocardial infarction has a favourable effect on the metabolism of ischemized myocardium via a series of changes it produces in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and blood electrolytic composition.	Carbohydrates	179-191	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	21-24
6752638-5	1982	Serum insulin was higher (p less than 0.01) during the carbohydrate-rich diet than during the fat-rich diet (12.0 +/- 0.9 vs. 7.5 +/- 0.5 microunits/l, mean +/- SEM), as were serum-triglycerides (2.42 +/- 0.27 vs. 0.98 +/- 0.07 mmole/1, p less than 0.001).	Carbohydrates	55-67	insulin	Homo sapiens	6-13
6752638-9	1982	It is suggested that the increased insulin concentrations during a short-term, carbohydrate-rich diet may have a down-regulating effect on muscle LPL activity.	Carbohydrates	79-91	insulin	Homo sapiens	35-42
6193513-3	1982	The Sp3 fragment was purified and characterized as to its molecular weight, amino acid composition, and carbohydrate content.	Carbohydrates	104-116	Sp3 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	4-7
6751903-0	1982	Digestible carbohydrate--an independent effect on diabetic control in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients?	Carbohydrates	11-23	insulin	Homo sapiens	82-89
7107587-0	1982	Carbohydrate structure of human fibrinogen.	Carbohydrates	0-12	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	32-42
7107587-2	1982	The carbohydrate composition of fibrinogen and constituent S-carboxymethylated chains was determined.	Carbohydrates	4-16	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	32-42
7107587-13	1982	Based on carbohydrate composition, 1H-NMR spectroscopy, sequential exoglycosidase digestion, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of derived partially methylated alditol acetates, we propose that fibrinogen contains four oligosaccharide chains of the structure shown below.	Carbohydrates	9-21	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	200-210
7044833-2	1982	Insulin is one hormone that has pronounced effects on carbohydrate and protein metabolism.	Carbohydrates	54-66	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
7084616-6	1982	Mean hydrogen production from substrates containing less than 3% sugar (human serum albumin, bovine serum albumin, and alpha-casein) averaged 2.2 +/- 0.9% of hydrogen production from equivalent amounts of glucose, while carbohydrate-rich mucin yielded 46.0 +/- 6.7% of hydrogen production from glucose.	Carbohydrates	220-232	albumin	Homo sapiens	78-91
7084616-6	1982	Mean hydrogen production from substrates containing less than 3% sugar (human serum albumin, bovine serum albumin, and alpha-casein) averaged 2.2 +/- 0.9% of hydrogen production from equivalent amounts of glucose, while carbohydrate-rich mucin yielded 46.0 +/- 6.7% of hydrogen production from glucose.	Carbohydrates	220-232	albumin	Homo sapiens	100-113
7044833-9	1982	The known effects of insulin on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism have tended to direct attention away from protein metabolism, a process on which insulin may have a more significant role in the ruminant.	Carbohydrates	42-54	insulin	Homo sapiens	21-28
6337838-2	1983	This finding suggests that a precompetitive high carbohydrate diet with reduced training might alter plasma glucose and insulin regulation.	Carbohydrates	49-61	insulin	Homo sapiens	120-127
6754160-0	1982	The effects of insulin on carbohydrate metabolism in vivo.	Carbohydrates	26-38	insulin	Homo sapiens	15-22
7044833-4	1982	Therefore, it might be expected that insulin would have a less important role in regulating glucose and carbohydrate metabolism in the ruminant animal.	Carbohydrates	104-116	insulin	Homo sapiens	37-44
7049783-0	1982	Influence of plasma glucose and insulin concentrations on carbohydrate oxidation in man.	Carbohydrates	58-70	insulin	Homo sapiens	32-39
6811509-1	1982	Peroxidase-labelled lectins specific for various carbohydrate residues were used as histochemical reagents in the investigation of Hurler"s syndrome.	Carbohydrates	49-61	peroxidase	Glycine max	0-10
7118871-0	1982	Comparative studies on the structures of the carbohydrate moieties of human fibrinogen and abnormal fibrinogen Nagoya.	Carbohydrates	45-57	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	76-86
7118871-0	1982	Comparative studies on the structures of the carbohydrate moieties of human fibrinogen and abnormal fibrinogen Nagoya.	Carbohydrates	45-57	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	100-110
7092339-0	1982	Relationship between urinary sialylated saccharides, serum amyloid A protein, and C-reactive protein in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.	Carbohydrates	40-51	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	82-100
7116205-0	1982	The structural heterogeneity of the carbohydrate moiety of desialylated human transferrin.	Carbohydrates	36-48	transferrin	Homo sapiens	78-89
6805533-4	1982	The PAS stain can detect as little as 300 ng of carbohydrate in the fVIII/vWf protein.	Carbohydrates	48-60	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	74-77
6805533-8	1982	This difference does not appear to be related to the sialic acid deficiency but may be related to the distribution or organization of the carbohydrate moieties on the smaller fVIII/vWf multimers.	Carbohydrates	138-150	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	181-184
7049783-1	1982	The influence of both plasma glucose and insulin levels on the rate of carbohydrate oxidation was separately assessed in control subjects.	Carbohydrates	71-83	insulin	Homo sapiens	41-48
7049783-3	1982	Addition of exogenous insulin to the glucose infusion was accompanied by a further rise in carbohydrate oxidation and a decrease in plasma glucose level.	Carbohydrates	91-103	insulin	Homo sapiens	22-29
7047591-5	1982	The results indicated that (1) fasting hyperglycemia and increased insulin-glucose ratios could be induced within 24 hours of administration of topical glucocorticoids, (2) insulin resistance accompanied abnormal carbohydrate tolerance, and (3) fluctuations in circulating leukocytes paralleled the changes in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	213-225	insulin	Homo sapiens	67-74
7040242-3	1982	Both plasma and renal inactive renin had weaker affinity for anion-exchange resins than the active form, both bound to concanavalin A-Sepharose and were eluted with carbohydrate, and both bound tightly to hydrophobic gels.	Carbohydrates	165-177	renin	Homo sapiens	31-36
7047591-5	1982	The results indicated that (1) fasting hyperglycemia and increased insulin-glucose ratios could be induced within 24 hours of administration of topical glucocorticoids, (2) insulin resistance accompanied abnormal carbohydrate tolerance, and (3) fluctuations in circulating leukocytes paralleled the changes in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	310-322	insulin	Homo sapiens	67-74
6961635-2	1982	The syndrome has the clinical and biochemical features of maturity-onset diabetes, with a familial tendency, a tendency to obesity and insulin release in response to a carbohydrate load.	Carbohydrates	168-180	insulin	Homo sapiens	135-142
6980014-2	1982	Cleavage of human alpha 1-protease inhibitor with CNBr resulted in three carbohydrate-containing fragments, I-III.	Carbohydrates	73-85	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	18-44
7044093-6	1982	Responses in carbohydrate metabolism included significantly lower (p less than 0.05) fasting insulin and glucose.	Carbohydrates	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	93-100
7068629-1	1982	Glycophorin A, the major sialoglycoprotein of the human erythrocyte, consists of a NH2-terminal carbohydrate-rich region exposed to the outside, a hydrophobic region which forms a transmembrane bridge, and a COOH-terminal hydrophilic region extending into the cytoplasm.	Carbohydrates	96-108	glycophorin A (MNS blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-13
7037819-6	1982	With both hGH preparations, carbohydrate intolerance was associated with marked hyperinsulinemia, with a rise in fasting plasma insulin levels from 9.4 +/- 1.2 to 33.2 +/- 7.8 microU/ml after pituitary hGH and from 7.4 +/- 1.1 to 45.8 +/- 11.1 microU/ml after methionyl-hGH (P less than 0.01).	Carbohydrates	28-40	insulin	Homo sapiens	85-92
6174521-0	1982	Carbohydrate structure of the concanavalin A molecular variants of alpha-fetoprotein.	Carbohydrates	0-12	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	67-84
6174521-1	1982	The structure of the carbohydrate units of alpha-fetoprotein from fetal calf serum has been studied.	Carbohydrates	21-33	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	43-60
6920385-3	1982	Chicken antithrombin is a single-chain glycoprotein with a total carbohydrate content of 17.5%, including 6.0% N-acetylglucosamine, 8.7% hexose, and 2.8% N-acetylneuraminic acid.	Carbohydrates	65-77	serpin family C member 1	Gallus gallus	8-20
6124065-5	1982	It is referred to different effects of the beta 1-selective blockers in comparison to the beta 1-beta 2-blockers in the carbohydrate, fatty and electrolyte metabolism as well as in the secretion of various hormones.	Carbohydrates	120-132	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 1	Homo sapiens	43-49
7037958-1	1982	Streptococcal group A carbohydrate, which elicits mouse antibody of primarily the IgM and IgG3 isotypes, is relatively nonimmunogenic in nu/nu or xid mice, and thus appears to be a type of TD-2 antigen.	Carbohydrates	22-34	Bruton agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase	Mus musculus	146-149
6124065-5	1982	It is referred to different effects of the beta 1-selective blockers in comparison to the beta 1-beta 2-blockers in the carbohydrate, fatty and electrolyte metabolism as well as in the secretion of various hormones.	Carbohydrates	120-132	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 1	Homo sapiens	90-96
6460761-5	1982	Human alpha-thrombin cleaved C9 (7.8% carbohydrate) at a single internal site to produce a Mr = 37,000 fragment (11.3% carbohydrate) and a Mr = 34,000 fragment (3.9% carbohydrate).	Carbohydrates	38-50	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	12-20
6460761-5	1982	Human alpha-thrombin cleaved C9 (7.8% carbohydrate) at a single internal site to produce a Mr = 37,000 fragment (11.3% carbohydrate) and a Mr = 34,000 fragment (3.9% carbohydrate).	Carbohydrates	119-131	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	12-20
6977540-9	1982	They were monomeric glycoproteins having total carbohydrate content of 9.6% in alpha-1-antitrypsin (Mr = 53,000) and 15.1% in contrapsin (Mr = 55,000).	Carbohydrates	47-59	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	79-98
6121705-0	1982	Carbohydrate complexity of the mouse thymocyte Thy-1 glycoprotein as demonstrated by lectin affinity and isoelectric focusing.	Carbohydrates	0-12	thymus cell antigen 1, theta	Mus musculus	47-52
7040068-0	1982	Short-term control of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in isolated hepatocytes by insulin and glucagon.	Carbohydrates	22-34	insulin	Homo sapiens	83-90
6460761-5	1982	Human alpha-thrombin cleaved C9 (7.8% carbohydrate) at a single internal site to produce a Mr = 37,000 fragment (11.3% carbohydrate) and a Mr = 34,000 fragment (3.9% carbohydrate).	Carbohydrates	119-131	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	12-20
6800417-4	1982	Comparison of the purified normal and vWd f.VIIi/vWf protein revealed several abnormalities, including decreased concentration of f.VIII/vWf antigen; decreased specific vWf activity; absence of the larger molecular forms of the f.VIII/vWf protein; carbohydrate deficiencies affecting the sialic acid, penultimate galactose and N-acetylglucosamine moieties; and decreased binding of the f.VIII/vWf protein to its platelet receptor.	Carbohydrates	248-260	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	49-52
6121705-1	1982	The Thy-1 glycoprotein of mouse thymocytes was analysed with regard to the properties of its carbohydrate part.	Carbohydrates	93-105	thymus cell antigen 1, theta	Mus musculus	4-9
7053388-10	1982	These preliminary results indicate that the oligosaccharide component of vitellogenin in Xenopus laevis is a "complex" type of carbohydrate unit which is linked via an N-glycosidic bond between an asparagine residue and N-acetylglucosamine.	Carbohydrates	127-139	a1-a	Xenopus laevis	73-85
7057190-0	1982	Dopamine beta-hydroxylase and other glycoproteins from the soluble content and the membranes of adrenal chromaffin granules: isolation and carbohydrate analysis.	Carbohydrates	139-151	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Bos taurus	0-25
7057190-8	1982	It was shown that all four subunits of dopamine beta-hydroxylase possess carbohydrate chains with an affinity for Con A.	Carbohydrates	73-85	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Bos taurus	39-64
6804384-8	1982	In group II the low-dosed supply of carbohydrates produced a correspondingly lower insulin secretion which on the one hand enabled increased lipolysis and on the other hand resulted in the utilization of carbohydrates in insulin-independent organs essential for glucose utilization.	Carbohydrates	36-49	insulin	Homo sapiens	83-90
6804384-8	1982	In group II the low-dosed supply of carbohydrates produced a correspondingly lower insulin secretion which on the one hand enabled increased lipolysis and on the other hand resulted in the utilization of carbohydrates in insulin-independent organs essential for glucose utilization.	Carbohydrates	36-49	insulin	Homo sapiens	221-228
6804384-8	1982	In group II the low-dosed supply of carbohydrates produced a correspondingly lower insulin secretion which on the one hand enabled increased lipolysis and on the other hand resulted in the utilization of carbohydrates in insulin-independent organs essential for glucose utilization.	Carbohydrates	204-217	insulin	Homo sapiens	83-90
6804384-8	1982	In group II the low-dosed supply of carbohydrates produced a correspondingly lower insulin secretion which on the one hand enabled increased lipolysis and on the other hand resulted in the utilization of carbohydrates in insulin-independent organs essential for glucose utilization.	Carbohydrates	204-217	insulin	Homo sapiens	221-228
7055606-0	1982	Structural organization of the carbohydrate moiety of human transcortin as determined by methylation analysis of the whole glycoprotein.	Carbohydrates	31-43	serpin family A member 6	Homo sapiens	60-71
7055606-2	1982	The carbohydrate chains of transcortin are also heterogeneous with respect to the content of fucose and the position of the glycosidic linkages.	Carbohydrates	4-16	serpin family A member 6	Homo sapiens	27-38
6961914-3	1982	sanguis 804 at 37 degrees C. There was a tendency for NaF and [14C]-sucrose to diffuse faster as the carbohydrate concentration in the sediments increased.	Carbohydrates	101-113	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	54-57
6963110-0	1982	The role of neurotensin in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism and in diabetes.	Carbohydrates	45-57	neurotensin	Homo sapiens	12-23
6127917-0	1982	The antigens Ii, SSEA-1 and ABH are in interrelated system of carbohydrate differentiation antigens expressed on glycosphingolipids and glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	62-74	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	17-31
6961914-5	1982	The diffusion coefficient for NaF was positively correlated with carbohydrate concentration in individual plaque samples from 15 subjects and incubation of 3 plaque samples with sucrose resulted in both an increase in carbohydrate concentration in the plaque and an increase in D for NaF.	Carbohydrates	65-77	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	30-33
6961914-5	1982	The diffusion coefficient for NaF was positively correlated with carbohydrate concentration in individual plaque samples from 15 subjects and incubation of 3 plaque samples with sucrose resulted in both an increase in carbohydrate concentration in the plaque and an increase in D for NaF.	Carbohydrates	218-230	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	30-33
6801813-0	1982	Preliminary results on the carbohydrate moiety of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (FVIII/vWf).	Carbohydrates	27-39	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	91-94
7055813-3	1982	Changes in carbohydrate metabolism include glucose uptake and lactate production by tumor, relative hypoinsulinism, and relative insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	11-23	insulin	Homo sapiens	104-111
6179827-2	1982	According to this model, in isotonic salt solutions of physiologic pH the peptide chain of the extracellular segment of glycophorin A is arranged parallel to the membrane with its carbohydrate side chains orientated perpendicularly to the lipid bilayer.	Carbohydrates	180-192	glycophorin A (MNS blood group)	Homo sapiens	120-133
6176990-8	1982	The effect of insulin on the blood levels of PAPP-A suggests that the concentration of PAPP-A is capable of altering significantly in response to certain physiological changes associated with the control of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	207-219	insulin	Homo sapiens	14-21
7063494-0	1982	Effects of dietary carbohydrate on fasting levels of human growth hormone and cortisol.	Carbohydrates	19-31	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	59-73
6753136-2	1982	In well-regulated insulin-treated diabetics, fat and carbohydrate metabolism does not differ greatly from that of healthy individuals.	Carbohydrates	53-65	insulin	Homo sapiens	18-25
6752879-18	1982	Several sources of data suggest that carbohydrate is important in vWF-platelet interaction.	Carbohydrates	37-49	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	66-69
6801813-3	1982	The carbohydrate moiety of this highly purified FVIII/vWf was submitted to analysis by gas liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography before and after hydrazinolysis and alkaline-borohydride treatment.	Carbohydrates	4-16	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	54-57
6801813-10	1982	Thus, the high degree of heterogeneity of the FVIII/vWf carbohydrate moiety requires further structural studies in order to precise which class of glycans is involved in the biological activity of FVIII/vWf.	Carbohydrates	56-68	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	52-55
7179734-6	1982	We speculate that carbohydrate intolerance in leprechaunism may be due to a relative insulin resistance of cell receptors in the fed state.	Carbohydrates	18-30	insulin	Homo sapiens	85-92
6801813-10	1982	Thus, the high degree of heterogeneity of the FVIII/vWf carbohydrate moiety requires further structural studies in order to precise which class of glycans is involved in the biological activity of FVIII/vWf.	Carbohydrates	56-68	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	203-206
7032274-0	1981	Effect of differences in source of dietary carbohydrate on plasma glucose and insulin responses to meals in patients with impaired carbohydrate tolerance.	Carbohydrates	43-55	insulin	Homo sapiens	78-85
6976274-0	1981	Human alpha 1-antitrypsin: carbohydrate attachment and sequence homology.	Carbohydrates	27-39	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	6-25
7317452-4	1981	The former two were the novel carbohydrate chains of colostrum kappa-casein, but the latter two were identical with those which have been found in normal kappa-casein.	Carbohydrates	30-42	casein kappa	Bos taurus	63-75
7031419-7	1981	It is suggested that minimal amounts of carbohydrate during fasting preserve the insulin potentiating action of glucose, preferentially sparing a delayed releasable pool of insulin, while protecting the glucose utilization mechanisms, including increased glycolysis, responsible for the Staub-Traugott effect.	Carbohydrates	40-52	insulin	Homo sapiens	81-88
7031419-7	1981	It is suggested that minimal amounts of carbohydrate during fasting preserve the insulin potentiating action of glucose, preferentially sparing a delayed releasable pool of insulin, while protecting the glucose utilization mechanisms, including increased glycolysis, responsible for the Staub-Traugott effect.	Carbohydrates	40-52	insulin	Homo sapiens	173-180
6795545-4	1981	With the use of glucose-1-phosphate the quantity of insulin administered could be significantly reduced (P less than 0.01) thereby an increased utilization of glucose, induced by the phosphorylated saccharide, was confirmed.	Carbohydrates	198-208	insulin	Homo sapiens	52-59
6796128-8	1981	These results suggest that the difference between the two forms of alpha 2HS-glycoprotein resides both in its carbohydrate and polypeptide moieties.	Carbohydrates	110-122	alpha 2-HS glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	67-89
6119752-4	1981	The haloalkane mediated enhancement of the oxidation of cytochrome b-5 in hepatic microsomes from rats fed a high carbohydrate diet was diminished by KCN and the inhibitors of cytochrome P-450, CO and/or metyrapone, as well as by fasting of the experimental animals.	Carbohydrates	114-126	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	176-192
7030048-1	1981	Twenty-four adult men and women, classified as carbohydrate-sensitive on the basis of an exaggerated insulin response to a sucrose load, consumed diets containing 5, 18, and 33% of calories as sucrose for 6 wk each in a cross-over design.	Carbohydrates	47-59	insulin	Homo sapiens	101-108
7295738-0	1981	The release of carbohydrate moieties from human fibrinogen by almond glycopeptidase without alteration in fibrinogen clottability.	Carbohydrates	15-27	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	48-58
7295738-6	1981	The results suggest that the carbohydrate moiety of fibrinogen is not involved in the clotting mechanism.	Carbohydrates	29-41	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	52-62
7295796-1	1981	The carbohydrate portion of chicken egg yolk riboflavin-binding protein was examined to determine its role in the biological activity of the protein.	Carbohydrates	4-16	riboflavin binding protein	Gallus gallus	45-71
6284014-4	1981	There is also a reduction in insulin resistance leading to an improvement in carbohydrate tolerance.	Carbohydrates	77-89	insulin	Homo sapiens	29-36
6269720-2	1981	A serial multiple regression (SMR) model was formulated to assess the disease response following the first to the tenth course of therapy and resulted in the multiple correlations ranging from 0.183 (NS)-0.706 (P less than 0.005) for CEA, and 0.502 (P less than 0.250)-0.760 (P less than 0.025) for three carbohydrates, respectively.	Carbohydrates	305-318	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	234-237
7035094-2	1981	In 9 type I diabetics submitted to the artificial pancreas control the insulin administered/dietary carbohydrates index (I/C) after breakfast (2.4 +/- 0.5) was significantly higher than after lunch (0.8 +/- 0.1) and after supper (0.84 +/- 0.1) (p less than 0.01).	Carbohydrates	100-113	insulin	Homo sapiens	71-78
7340695-2	1981	In physiology, insulin binding decreases with age; it is lower in women during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle or during administration of oestrogen-progestogen oral contraceptives; it exhibits diurnal variation; it increases after physical training; it depends on the diet, being inversely correlated with its carbohydrate content; finally, rapid variations in binding affinity are observed after glucose ingestion or after breakfast.	Carbohydrates	319-331	insulin	Homo sapiens	15-22
7021579-0	1981	Carbohydrate tolerance and insulin receptor binding in children with hypopituitarism: response after acute and chronic human growth hormone administration.	Carbohydrates	0-12	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	125-139
7287908-10	1981	(a) In the patients with the mildest disorders of carbohydrate homeostasis (patients with impaired glucose tolerance) the insulin resistance can be accounted for solely on the basis of decreased insulin receptors.	Carbohydrates	50-62	insulin	Homo sapiens	122-129
7309709-0	1981	Studies on the structures of the carbohydrate moiety of human prothrombin.	Carbohydrates	33-45	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	62-73
24185867-0	1981	A regulatory mutation in yeast which affects catalase T formation and metabolism of carbohydrate reserves.	Carbohydrates	84-96	catalase T	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	45-55
7026601-1	1981	The rapid carbohydrate degradation (Carr Microbiologicals Wichita, Kans.)	Carbohydrates	10-22	arrestin 3	Homo sapiens	36-40
7325959-1	1981	The lectin from Datura stramonium (thorn-apple; Solanaceae) has been purified by affinity chromatography and shown to be a glycoprotein containing about 40% (w/w) of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	166-178	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: lectin	Glycine max	4-10
7022110-0	1981	Carbohydrate intake affects insulin binding to human erythrocytes in normal weight subjects but not in subjects with family obesity.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	28-35
7022110-1	1981	The effects of different carbohydrate intakes on insulin binding to human erythrocytes were studied in thirty nine obese and twelve normal weight subjects belonging to twelve families with a strong penetrance of obesity("family experiment"), and in nine normal weight subjects with no family or personal history of obesity or diabetes ("diet experiment").	Carbohydrates	25-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	49-56
7303818-6	1981	The results suggest that fibronectin receptors on erythrocyte surface are carbohydrate-containing molecules.	Carbohydrates	74-86	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	25-36
7032897-0	1981	Changes of early insulin responses to glucose in obese subjects with normal and impaired carbohydrate tolerance.	Carbohydrates	89-101	insulin	Homo sapiens	17-24
7032897-1	1981	We have studied changes in the sensitivity of the early insulin response to glucose by means of an intravenous pulse-stimulation of 1.0 g, 2.5 g and 5.0 glucose at intervals of 30 min in 24 non-obese healthy controls without a family history of diabetes and in obese subjects with normal (n = 7) and pathological carbohydrate tolerance (n = 23).	Carbohydrates	313-325	insulin	Homo sapiens	56-63
6271905-1	1981	Human parainfluenza virus type 1 (HA2 virus) grown either in embryonated hens" eggs or in M. rhesus monkey kidney cells showed differences in size, biological properties and carbohydrate composition.	Carbohydrates	174-186	keratin 32	Homo sapiens	34-37
6171878-4	1981	This is the first demonstration that carbohydrate addition during biosynthesis affects the protein conformation of the HLA-A,B,C heavy chain.	Carbohydrates	37-49	major histocompatibility complex, class I, A	Homo sapiens	119-126
6163530-0	1981	Sensitive detection of carbohydrate determinants on carcinoembryonic antigen preparations by lectin and antibody binding using polyethylene glycol.	Carbohydrates	23-35	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	52-76
7017343-8	1981	Greater metabolic dependence on carbohydrate metabolism is suggested by an increased respiratory quotient during insulin infusion.	Carbohydrates	32-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	113-120
7281247-1	1981	The paper deals with the most important pentose phosphate pathway reactions of carbohydrate metabolism in tissues of the liver, spleen, bone marrow and in blood erythrocytes catalyzed by transketolase.	Carbohydrates	79-91	transketolase	Homo sapiens	187-200
7281247-6	1981	Coming from the data obtained the authors suggest that acceleration of the transketolase reaction towards the utilization of erythroso-4-phosphate as well as of synthesis of fructoso-6-phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate promotes the transfer of carbohydrate metabolism from the pentose phosphate pathway to glycolysis.	Carbohydrates	251-263	transketolase	Homo sapiens	75-88
6787080-4	1981	These studies demonstrate that insulin has a classical physiologic role to play in the activated lymphocyte further validating the use of this cell to examine potential receptor defects in disorders of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	202-214	insulin	Homo sapiens	31-38
6163530-6	1981	Since antibodies directed against blood group substances cross react with carbohydrate determinants on CEA, clinical determinations of CEA or anti-CEA levels in serum may be adversely affected.	Carbohydrates	74-86	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	103-106
7232406-0	1981	Effects of vasopressin on carbohydrate metabolism in hepatocytes from dehydrated rats.	Carbohydrates	26-38	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	11-22
7016660-3	1981	The author argues, that it may be taken for granted, that above all other hormones human placental lactogen (HPL) is responsible for regulation of carbohydrate metabolism during pregnancy.	Carbohydrates	147-159	chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 2	Homo sapiens	89-107
6112718-3	1981	In the high diabetic risk subjects: 1) the OGTT was normal; 2) the insulin response to carbohydrate ingestion was significantly higher than in normals and, of course, in diabetics; 3) the fasting glucagon levels showed no significant differences from the normals; 4) significant suppression of fasting glucagon concentration was observed in normals after oral glucose, but not in high diabetic risk subjects and in diabetic patients.	Carbohydrates	87-99	insulin	Homo sapiens	67-74
6265362-0	1981	Influence of yeast mannan on human neutrophil functions: inhibition of release of myeloperoxidase related to carbohydrate-binding property of the enzyme.	Carbohydrates	109-121	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	82-97
6265362-5	1981	The selective inhibition of release of myeloperoxidase was attributable to a carbohydrate-binding property of the enzyme, with the mannan causing co-sedimentation of the enzyme with the cellular fraction.	Carbohydrates	77-89	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	39-54
7215358-5	1981	The apparent molecular weight of the carbohydrate-free precursor of glycophorin A was 19 500.	Carbohydrates	37-49	glycophorin A (MNS blood group)	Homo sapiens	68-81
7227547-0	1981	Primary structure of the carbohydrate-containing regions of the carboxyl propeptides of type I procollagen.	Carbohydrates	25-37	collagen type I alpha 2 chain	Homo sapiens	88-106
7009805-1	1981	Hospitalization of obese patients on a 45% carbohydrate diet resulted in a decrease of insulin binding to circulating monocytes.	Carbohydrates	43-55	insulin	Homo sapiens	87-94
7009805-3	1981	When carbohydrate intake was restricted to 10% of total calories, insulin binding returned to normal.	Carbohydrates	5-17	insulin	Homo sapiens	66-73
7009805-6	1981	The serum glucose level rose slightly in the patients on carbohydrate restriction despite the rise in insulin binding and persistance of hyperinsulinemia.	Carbohydrates	57-69	insulin	Homo sapiens	102-109
7015002-1	1981	Although carbohydrate-intake and subcutaneous insulin injection in the insulin dependent diabetics are brought to match with one another, there is often an incongruity between the momentary insulin need and the actual insulin supply, because insulin is resorbed relatively slow from the subcutaneous injection site.	Carbohydrates	9-21	insulin	Homo sapiens	71-78
7015002-2	1981	While the plasma insulin concentration in healthy persons after carbohydrate-intake reaches its maximum after ca.	Carbohydrates	64-76	insulin	Homo sapiens	17-24
7015002-13	1981	Consequently, the changes of insulin concentration after intraperitoneal bolus application of insulin correspond widely to the insulin curve characteristic of metabolic healthy persons after carbohydrate-intake.	Carbohydrates	191-203	insulin	Homo sapiens	29-36
7015002-13	1981	Consequently, the changes of insulin concentration after intraperitoneal bolus application of insulin correspond widely to the insulin curve characteristic of metabolic healthy persons after carbohydrate-intake.	Carbohydrates	191-203	insulin	Homo sapiens	94-101
7015002-13	1981	Consequently, the changes of insulin concentration after intraperitoneal bolus application of insulin correspond widely to the insulin curve characteristic of metabolic healthy persons after carbohydrate-intake.	Carbohydrates	191-203	insulin	Homo sapiens	94-101
7015002-1	1981	Although carbohydrate-intake and subcutaneous insulin injection in the insulin dependent diabetics are brought to match with one another, there is often an incongruity between the momentary insulin need and the actual insulin supply, because insulin is resorbed relatively slow from the subcutaneous injection site.	Carbohydrates	9-21	insulin	Homo sapiens	71-78
7015002-1	1981	Although carbohydrate-intake and subcutaneous insulin injection in the insulin dependent diabetics are brought to match with one another, there is often an incongruity between the momentary insulin need and the actual insulin supply, because insulin is resorbed relatively slow from the subcutaneous injection site.	Carbohydrates	9-21	insulin	Homo sapiens	71-78
6457668-0	1981	[Tunicamycin inhibition of carbohydrate incorporation into thyroglobulin].	Carbohydrates	27-39	thyroglobulin	Rattus norvegicus	59-72
6940150-6	1981	The smallest complex carbohydrate fragment that accelerated the inactivation of thrombin by antithrombin had approximately 14 residues.	Carbohydrates	21-33	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	80-88
7032233-10	1981	Insulin responses were markedly higher on the carbohydrate-rich than on the fat-rich food.	Carbohydrates	46-58	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
7006389-2	1981	During the past few years it has become increasingly apparent that insulin resistance may be a more frequent cause of carbohydrate intolerance or contributing factor in carbohydrate intolerance than was hitherto appreciated.	Carbohydrates	118-130	insulin	Homo sapiens	67-74
7006389-2	1981	During the past few years it has become increasingly apparent that insulin resistance may be a more frequent cause of carbohydrate intolerance or contributing factor in carbohydrate intolerance than was hitherto appreciated.	Carbohydrates	169-181	insulin	Homo sapiens	67-74
7305927-3	1981	Early- and late-amniotic-fluid fibronectin had 9.5 and 9.6% carbohydrate respectively, whereas plasma fibronectin had 5.8%.	Carbohydrates	60-72	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	31-42
6457668-1	1981	Carbohydrate chains formation into thyroglobulin (Tg) is a prerequisite for thyroid hormones formation and completeness of carbohydrates chains is necessary for secretion of Tg into the follicles.	Carbohydrates	0-12	thyroglobulin	Rattus norvegicus	35-48
6457668-1	1981	Carbohydrate chains formation into thyroglobulin (Tg) is a prerequisite for thyroid hormones formation and completeness of carbohydrates chains is necessary for secretion of Tg into the follicles.	Carbohydrates	0-12	thyroglobulin	Rattus norvegicus	50-52
6457668-1	1981	Carbohydrate chains formation into thyroglobulin (Tg) is a prerequisite for thyroid hormones formation and completeness of carbohydrates chains is necessary for secretion of Tg into the follicles.	Carbohydrates	123-136	thyroglobulin	Rattus norvegicus	174-176
6457668-2	1981	Tg biosynthesis has been investigated by in vitro experiments, incubating rat thyroid glands with labeled amino-acid and carbohydrate in the presence of tunicamycin, a specific inhibitor of protein glycosylation.	Carbohydrates	121-133	thyroglobulin	Rattus norvegicus	0-2
6457668-3	1981	Tunicamycin inhibit Tg biosynthesis which is impaired in carbohydrate chains addition but slightly in the polypeptide synthesis, as shown by inhibition of 3H-glucosamine incorporation.	Carbohydrates	57-69	thyroglobulin	Rattus norvegicus	20-22
6457668-4	1981	Thus tunicamycin inhibits carbohydrate incorporation into Tg without affecting the polypeptide chain growth and decreases its secretion into the follicles.	Carbohydrates	26-38	thyroglobulin	Rattus norvegicus	58-60
7047321-0	1981	[Use of the determination of serum insulin in evaluating carbohydrate intolerance in obesity].	Carbohydrates	57-69	insulin	Homo sapiens	35-42
7009119-0	1981	Quantitative and qualitative changes in the early insulin response to glucose in subjects with impaired carbohydrate tolerance.	Carbohydrates	104-116	insulin	Homo sapiens	50-57
7240263-2	1981	Effect of added carbohydrates on bovine serum albumin.	Carbohydrates	16-29	albumin	Homo sapiens	40-53
7016781-2	1981	A short review summarizes evidences showing: (a) the association between a high carbohydrate content of diet and hyperinsulinemia; (b) effect of insulin on renal reabsorbation of sodium; and (c) effects of carbohydrate intake on sympathetic activity and blood pressure.	Carbohydrates	80-92	insulin	Homo sapiens	118-125
7014422-2	1981	A streptococcal carbohydrate antibodies, by 11 strains of rats indicates that genes coding for Id-1 are in the germline.	Carbohydrates	16-28	inhibitor of DNA binding 1, HLH protein	Rattus norvegicus	95-99
7016739-1	1981	In a previous investigation, inhibition of complement-dependent rosette formation by alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) was observed, and it was demonstrated that alpha 1-AT interacts through its carbohydrate portion with C3 and its fragments.	Carbohydrates	194-206	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	106-116
7016739-1	1981	In a previous investigation, inhibition of complement-dependent rosette formation by alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) was observed, and it was demonstrated that alpha 1-AT interacts through its carbohydrate portion with C3 and its fragments.	Carbohydrates	194-206	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	161-171
7016739-5	1981	It was demonstrated that alpha 1-AT towards C3 and fragments of C3 was not mediated by its antiprotease effect, but by its carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	123-135	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	25-35
6167660-4	1981	Cross-reactivity between the HA1 of the different human subtypes was clearly demonstrable with IgG raised against purified virus but was abrogated if anti-carbohydrate antibodies were first removed by passage of the IgG through an immunoadsorbent column containing haemagglutinin (HA) from an unrelated avian influenza strain.	Carbohydrates	155-167	Rho GTPase activating protein 45	Homo sapiens	29-32
7323032-0	1981	[Effect of whale somatotropin and its biologically active fragment on various indicators of carbohydrate metabolism in the rat diaphragm in vitro].	Carbohydrates	92-104	growth hormone 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-29
6173591-0	1981	Use of tunicamycin to prepare carbohydrate-deficient human immune interferon.	Carbohydrates	30-42	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	59-76
6456367-4	1980	It was also demonstrated that the level of one of natural thymocytotoxic autoantibodies (NTA-2) developed in NZB mouse serum, which had been shown to have a similar carbohydrate binding specificity to PNA and to exert a cytotoxic effect specifically against suppressor T cells, was elevated early in the life of NZB mice.	Carbohydrates	165-177	nuclear encoded tRNA alanine 2 (anticodon AGC)	Mus musculus	89-94
6109240-2	1980	The diet protein, fats and carbohydrates stimulate secretion, CCK-P, GIP, and gastrin release and effect insulin and HGH release.	Carbohydrates	27-40	insulin	Homo sapiens	105-112
6109240-2	1980	The diet protein, fats and carbohydrates stimulate secretion, CCK-P, GIP, and gastrin release and effect insulin and HGH release.	Carbohydrates	27-40	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	69-72
7267494-0	1980	Consumption of refined carbohydrate by patients with Crohn"s disease in Tel-Aviv-Yafo.	Carbohydrates	23-35	ETS variant transcription factor 6	Homo sapiens	72-75
7013838-0	1980	Relationship between hemoglobin A1c and insulin C-peptide in anomalies of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	74-86	insulin	Homo sapiens	40-47
6256046-1	1980	Diets high in complex carbohydrate result in lower insulin requirements than the high-fat diets conventionally used to treat diabetes.	Carbohydrates	22-34	insulin	Homo sapiens	51-58
6256046-3	1980	In diabetics a diet providing 70% of energy from carbohydrate and containing 35 to 40 g of fibre per 1000 Cal will rapidly reduce the plasma glucose level and the requirement for insulin or sulfonylurea.	Carbohydrates	49-61	insulin	Homo sapiens	179-186
6273926-1	1981	Growth hormone (GH) regulates not only somatic growth but also carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	63-75	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	0-14
6273926-1	1981	Growth hormone (GH) regulates not only somatic growth but also carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	63-75	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	16-18
6448845-5	1980	The interaction of this complex carbohydrate with thrombin exhibited a stoichiometry of 2:1 with KH1T DISS = KH2T DISS = 8 x 10(-7) M. The formation of mucopolysaccharide .	Carbohydrates	32-44	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	50-58
7435612-4	1980	In accord with previous data, plasma VLDL TG levels were increased in five of six subjects (mean increase of 76% for the group), and in four of the six subjects the VLDL apoB concentrations were increased significantly during the high-carbohydrate period.	Carbohydrates	235-247	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	170-174
6774767-11	1980	We conclude that the carbohydrate portion of fibronectin is synthesized as a "high-mannose" intermediate and is subsequently processed to give the characteristic "complex" oligosaccharide chains of fibronectin.	Carbohydrates	21-33	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	45-56
7009153-0	1980	[Determination of insulin level for evaluation of carbohydrate intolerance in obesity].	Carbohydrates	50-62	insulin	Homo sapiens	18-25
6774767-11	1980	We conclude that the carbohydrate portion of fibronectin is synthesized as a "high-mannose" intermediate and is subsequently processed to give the characteristic "complex" oligosaccharide chains of fibronectin.	Carbohydrates	21-33	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	198-209
7463002-5	1980	The single glycosylated asparagine in HA2 also occurs in CN-I; the carbohydrates moiety is complex.	Carbohydrates	67-80	keratin 32	Homo sapiens	38-41
7005522-3	1980	Alterations in the metabolism of pancreatic alpha and beta cell hormones and of prolactin in chronic renal failure and their effect on the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates and on reproductive function in this condition are discussed.	Carbohydrates	164-177	prolactin	Homo sapiens	80-89
6777169-8	1980	Correlations between total cholesterol and lipoprotein cholesterol values in serum and blood glucose and plasma insulin at fast and during OGTT and changes in these parameters demonstrate interrelationships between lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	225-237	insulin	Homo sapiens	112-119
6997175-1	1980	In order to investigate whether bradykinin which has been shown to improve carbohydrate metabolism of skeletal muscle exhibits also insulin-like activity on amino acid metabolism, balances of oxygen and 13 amino acids across the forearm and forearm blood flow were determined in normal subjects during the arterial infusion of insulin (n = 9, 250 mu-units x kg-1 x min-1), bradykinin (n = 7, 0.2 ng x kg-1 x min-1) and papverine (n = 5, 2 microgram x kg-1 x min-1).	Carbohydrates	75-87	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	32-42
6999136-7	1980	In men, the high carbohydrate diet was associated with a 37% (P < 0.01) fall in insulin binding without change in serum or urinary levels of insulin.	Carbohydrates	17-29	insulin	Homo sapiens	83-90
6999136-11	1980	Carbohydrate loading can decrease insulin binding in normal men by a mechanism that is not dependent on hyperinsulinemia.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	34-41
7418964-8	1980	It is concluded that hyperglucagonaemia is a feature of hepatocellular damage rather than portal-systemic shunting but the relationship between elevated glucagon and growth hormone concentrations and carbohydrate intolerance in cirrhosis remains unclear.	Carbohydrates	200-212	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	166-180
6773952-6	1980	The total carbohydrate content by weight determined for GP-1, GP-2, and GP-3 was 56, 57, and 79%, respectively.	Carbohydrates	10-22	glycoprotein 2	Bos taurus	56-76
6997175-5	1980	These findings further support the notion that kinins liberated during muscle work might be involved in the work-induced insulin-like action on carbohydrate- and also on amino acid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	144-156	insulin	Homo sapiens	121-128
6448081-2	1980	It follows from the analysis of a mathematical model of the carbohydrate energy metabolism that the allosteric inhibition of fructosebisphosphatase (FBPase) by FBP and AMP leads to suppression of the recirculation in the FC and recovery of the ability of glycolysis to stabilize the level of ATP with high accuracy.	Carbohydrates	60-72	ECB2	Homo sapiens	149-152
6994509-11	1980	Parathyroid hormone also has been implicated as a pathogenetic factor in many other alterations present in uremia, i.e., peripheral neuropathy, carbohydrate intolerance, hyperlipidemia, and other alterations.	Carbohydrates	144-156	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	0-19
6995852-2	1980	In addition, erythrocytes are of practical value for correlating in vitro insulin binding with in vivo carbohydrate intolerance.	Carbohydrates	103-115	insulin	Homo sapiens	74-81
6448081-1	1980	The uncontrollable substrate recirculation in the central futile cycle (FC) in the carbohydrate energy metabolism fructose-6-P (F6P) in equilibrium or formed from fructose-1,6-P2 (FBP), makes it impossible to maintain a stable level of ATP because of its wasteful expenditure in the cycle reactions which are equivalent to the ATPase reaction and also because of the diversion of FBP from glycolytic phosphorylation of ADP.	Carbohydrates	83-95	ECB2	Homo sapiens	180-183
6448081-1	1980	The uncontrollable substrate recirculation in the central futile cycle (FC) in the carbohydrate energy metabolism fructose-6-P (F6P) in equilibrium or formed from fructose-1,6-P2 (FBP), makes it impossible to maintain a stable level of ATP because of its wasteful expenditure in the cycle reactions which are equivalent to the ATPase reaction and also because of the diversion of FBP from glycolytic phosphorylation of ADP.	Carbohydrates	83-95	ECB2	Homo sapiens	380-383
6774983-19	1980	These data indicate that much of the flycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins release form pituitary slices originates from sites other than PRL granules, and that at least part of the complex carbohydrates of the PRL granule matrix might not be released with the hormone but rather remains associated with the mammotroph cells after exocytosis.	Carbohydrates	189-202	prolactin	Bos taurus	210-213
6103856-4	1980	In the insulin-dependent monkeys, fasting plasma glucagon levels were elevated when compared with the carbohydrate-disturubed or control monkeys.	Carbohydrates	102-114	insulin	Homo sapiens	7-14
7388053-1	1980	In vivo and in vitro studies using [3H]glucosamine incorporation into prothrombin and into glycolipids were conducted in rat liver to determine the role of lipid-saccharides in the biosynthesis of prothrombin.	Carbohydrates	162-173	coagulation factor II	Rattus norvegicus	197-208
7000878-8	1980	The carbohydrate intolerance is attributed to insulin lack, hepatic dysfunction and decreased glucose disposal consequent to protein deprivation.	Carbohydrates	4-16	insulin	Homo sapiens	46-53
6993794-3	1980	DHT-treatment was shown to produce a decreased carbohydrate tolerance that was due to an impaired release of insulin from pancreatic islets and not due to a decreased sensitivity to insulin.	Carbohydrates	47-59	insulin	Homo sapiens	109-116
6994104-5	1980	Of three major fragments only the Mr 40,000 fragment bound to a gelatin column; this fragment contained essentially all of the carbohydrates present in the original FN.	Carbohydrates	127-140	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	165-167
7373053-3	1980	Analyses of the oligosaccharide units showed that P-C4 (185) appears to contain both a "complex" and a "high mannose" carbohydrate group, the alpha-chain a "complex" group and the beta-chain a "high mannose" carbohydrate unit.	Carbohydrates	118-130	SUB1 homolog, transcriptional regulator	Mus musculus	50-54
7373053-3	1980	Analyses of the oligosaccharide units showed that P-C4 (185) appears to contain both a "complex" and a "high mannose" carbohydrate group, the alpha-chain a "complex" group and the beta-chain a "high mannose" carbohydrate unit.	Carbohydrates	208-220	SUB1 homolog, transcriptional regulator	Mus musculus	50-54
7400708-0	1980	Evidence for preferential stimulation of gastric inhibitory polypeptide secretion in the rat by actively transported carbohydrates and their analogues.	Carbohydrates	117-130	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	41-71
6990429-0	1980	Changes of carbohydrate metabolism caused by food restriction, as detected by insulin administration.	Carbohydrates	11-23	insulin	Homo sapiens	78-85
7373824-6	1980	Human renin substrate was a glycoprotein containing 13% carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	56-68	renin	Homo sapiens	6-11
7359219-0	1980	Rapid changes in rat heart lipoprotein lipase activity after feeding carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	69-81	lipoprotein lipase	Rattus norvegicus	27-45
7359219-1	1980	The effect of feeding various carbohydrates on the activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) released by heparin from perfused rat heart was investigated.	Carbohydrates	30-43	lipoprotein lipase	Rattus norvegicus	63-81
7359219-1	1980	The effect of feeding various carbohydrates on the activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) released by heparin from perfused rat heart was investigated.	Carbohydrates	30-43	lipoprotein lipase	Rattus norvegicus	83-86
6767720-8	1980	Human renin shows an affinity for concanavalin A, suggesting the presence of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	77-90	renin	Homo sapiens	6-11
6996359-12	1980	The lacking relation between changes of the B-cell function and the carbohydrate tolerance emphasizes the importance of other factors, such as a peripheral insulin resistance, for the development of disturbances in the carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	219-231	insulin	Homo sapiens	156-163
6246496-3	1980	On the basis of the results obtained in these experiments we have concluded that immune recognition of SSV-SSAV gp70 can be mediated by naturally occurring heterophil antibodies in human sera that are reactive by virtue of binding to the carbohydrate moiety of the viral gp70 molecules.	Carbohydrates	238-250	embigin	Homo sapiens	112-116
7010904-11	1980	These findings indicate that (a) elevated insulin binding may contribute to the enhanced insulin sensitivity observed after physical training, (b) a fall in insulin binding in athletes during acute exercise may contribute to a greater shift from carbohydrate to fat utilization during exercise in athletes as compared to sedentary controls.	Carbohydrates	246-258	insulin	Homo sapiens	42-49
6246496-3	1980	On the basis of the results obtained in these experiments we have concluded that immune recognition of SSV-SSAV gp70 can be mediated by naturally occurring heterophil antibodies in human sera that are reactive by virtue of binding to the carbohydrate moiety of the viral gp70 molecules.	Carbohydrates	238-250	embigin	Homo sapiens	271-275
7355663-3	1980	Thyroglobulin biosynthesis was also investigated by in vitro experiments, incubating thyroid tissue with labelled amino acid and carbohydrate in the presence of antithyroid compounds.	Carbohydrates	129-141	thyroglobulin	Rattus norvegicus	0-13
7355663-6	1980	In vitro studies demonstrate that PTU and MMI inhibit Tg biosynthesis which is impaired in the polypeptide synthesis as well as in carbohydrate chains addition.	Carbohydrates	131-143	thyroglobulin	Rattus norvegicus	54-56
7435208-0	1980	Carbohydrate turnover in relation to trehalase activity in the eri-silkworm, Philosamia ricini, during embryogenesis.	Carbohydrates	0-12	trehalase	Bombyx mori	37-46
7005567-6	1980	Therapeutically great differences resulted in reaching and equilibrium of serum glucose in the pancreas resected insulin-dependent patients, because they were dependent on carbohydrates for energy.	Carbohydrates	172-185	insulin	Homo sapiens	113-120
6774773-2	1980	Enzymes producing glucose by hydrolysis of saccharides (glucamylase, invertase, cellulase) as well as glucose consuming systems (hexo-kinase, glucose dehydrogenase) have been coupled to glucose oxidase.	Carbohydrates	43-54	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	129-140
6262572-2	1980	Two fluorescein amines, 4-(N-2-aminoethyl thioureal)-fluorescein and 4-(N-5-aminohexyl thioureal)-fluorescein, were synthesized and attached to the carbohydrate moiety of highly purified human alpha-thrombin by periodate oxidation of the carbohydrate and selective reduction of the Schiff"s base using sodium cyanoborohydride.	Carbohydrates	148-160	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	199-207
6965350-8	1980	As with ristocetin-induced platelet agglutination, the carbohydrate content plays a significant role in the binding of the factor VIII/von Willebrand factor protein to the platelet.	Carbohydrates	55-67	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	135-156
6107215-6	1980	It is suggested that this may have been due partly to fluid retention, even though the majority were receiving diuretics, or possibly to changed carbohydrate-insulin metabolism.	Carbohydrates	145-157	insulin	Homo sapiens	158-165
6444752-6	1980	Rhodopsin oligosaccharides as well as some fraction of the intradisk polysaccharide appear to have extended saccharide chains preferentially oriented perpendicular to the surface of the disk membrane.	Carbohydrates	15-25	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	0-9
20487725-0	1980	The lipid intermediate pathway in the retina for the activation of carbohydrates involved in the glycosylation of rhodopsin.	Carbohydrates	67-80	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	114-123
6988899-0	1980	[The insulin level in the glucose tolerance test in patients with obesity and varying carbohydrate tolerance (author"s transl)].	Carbohydrates	86-98	insulin	Homo sapiens	5-12
488537-10	1979	We conclude that the measurement of insulin binding by RBCs from small volumes of blood may be particularly useful in the study of infants and children with disorders of carbohydrate metabolism to elucidate the role, if any, of abnormal receptor function in their condition.	Carbohydrates	170-182	insulin	Homo sapiens	36-43
518912-4	1979	Fibronectin remained functionally intact after partial or complete reduction and alkylation, oxidation of 59% of the carbohydrates with sodium periodate, citraconylation, carbodiimide-catalyzed amide formation, and oxidation of 35.2 residues of tryptophan/molecule with N-bromosuccinimide.	Carbohydrates	117-130	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	0-11
398297-8	1979	The findings suggest that changes in insulin target tissues are equally important in the development of carbohydrate intolerance in non-obese subjects.	Carbohydrates	104-116	insulin	Homo sapiens	37-44
574871-10	1979	Carbohydrate-containing components derived from the egg cell surface by proteolysis were found to inhibit bindin-mediated egg agglutination at low concentrations, but this inhibition is not species specific.	Carbohydrates	0-12	bindin	Strongylocentrotus purpuratus	106-112
495550-0	1979	High-carbohydrate, high-fiber diets for insulin-treated men with diabetes mellitus.	Carbohydrates	5-17	insulin	Homo sapiens	40-47
389023-0	1979	Effects of differences in amount and kind of dietary carbohydrate on plasma glucose and insulin responses in man.	Carbohydrates	53-65	insulin	Homo sapiens	88-95
389023-1	1979	The effect of variations in kind and amount of dietary carbohydrate on plasma glucose and insulin responses was studied in normal subjects and in patients with chemical diabetes.	Carbohydrates	55-67	insulin	Homo sapiens	90-97
389023-2	1979	Plasma glucose and insulin responses fell when the proportion of total calories given as carbohydrate were decreased by 15% (coincidental with a comparable increase in dietary fat).	Carbohydrates	89-101	insulin	Homo sapiens	19-26
389023-4	1979	Plasma glucose and insulin responses were also lower when equivalent carbohydrate challenges were given as part of a mixed meal, as compared to a drink.	Carbohydrates	69-81	insulin	Homo sapiens	19-26
389023-5	1979	Furthermore, carbohydrate given as starch also led to an attenuated glucose and insulin response when compared to an equivalent amount of glucose administered as either dextrose or sucrose.	Carbohydrates	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	80-87
389023-7	1979	These results indicate that differences in amount and kind of ingested carbohydrate can modify ensuing plasma glucose and insulin responses, and raise the possibility that such dietary manipulation may have some therapeutic utility in patients with abnormal carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	71-83	insulin	Homo sapiens	122-129
293691-2	1979	Activated complement (C5a) at low concentrations stimulates carrier-mediated carbohydrate transport in PMNLs as measured by the uptake of 2-deoxy-D-[(3)H]glucose.	Carbohydrates	77-89	complement C5a receptor 1	Homo sapiens	22-25
315413-8	1979	One patient independently reported as having decreased FVIII/vWF carbohydrate was also studied by this technique.	Carbohydrates	65-77	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	61-64
315413-13	1979	These studies indicate that an absence or decrease of PAS reactive FVIII/vWF carbohydrate is not a consistent abnormality in von Willebrand"s disease.	Carbohydrates	77-89	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	73-76
479364-7	1979	Changes in insulin binding in athletes thus may account for augmented insulin sensitivity at rest as well as a greater shift from carbohydrate to fat usage during exercise than is observed in untrained controls.	Carbohydrates	130-142	insulin	Homo sapiens	11-18
506434-2	1979	Weight loss and a diet low in refined carbohydrate have often allowed either reduction or discontinuation of oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin.	Carbohydrates	38-50	insulin	Homo sapiens	137-144
314662-2	1979	The carbohydrate content of individual factor VIII bands, measured by reaction with dansyl hydrazine or binding of glucose/mannose specific concanavalin A, was not directly related to the size or von Willebrand activity of factor VIII oligomers.	Carbohydrates	4-16	coagulation factor VIII	Bos taurus	39-50
475166-3	1979	The mean Hb AIc (+/- SD) of the 63 carbohydrate-intolerant subjects was 6.45 +/- 1.14, significantly greater than the normal subjects.	Carbohydrates	35-47	AIC	Homo sapiens	12-15
472718-1	1979	A defect in the binding of insulin to circulating monocytes occurs when obese patients are hospitalized and fed a liberal carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	122-134	insulin	Homo sapiens	27-34
475166-7	1979	These findings suggest that Hb AIc is highly reproducible and responsive to minor degrees of abnormality of glucose tolerance and may provide an alternative method for defining carbohydrate tolerance or the degree of blood sugar control.	Carbohydrates	177-189	AIC	Homo sapiens	31-34
222757-2	1979	The present study explores the possibility that angiotensin II and vasopressin control the activity of regulatory enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism through Ca2+-dependent changes in their state of phosphorylation.	Carbohydrates	125-137	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	48-62
518544-13	1979	The results suggest that greater structural heterogeneity exists in the carbohydrate moiety of human transferrin than was previously envisaged.	Carbohydrates	72-84	transferrin	Homo sapiens	101-112
572868-6	1979	The findings suggest that cow milk protein has a deleterious effect on the small bowel mucosa of young infants recovering from enteritis and may be an important contributing cause of acquired carbohydrate intolerance in these infants.	Carbohydrates	192-204	casein beta	Bos taurus	30-42
222757-2	1979	The present study explores the possibility that angiotensin II and vasopressin control the activity of regulatory enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism through Ca2+-dependent changes in their state of phosphorylation.	Carbohydrates	125-137	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	67-78
222757-11	1979	The results imply that angiotensin II, catecholamines, and vasopressin control hepatic carbohydrate metabolism through a Ca2+-requiring, cyclic AMP-independent pathway that leads to the phosphorylation of important regulatory enzymes.	Carbohydrates	87-99	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	23-37
222757-11	1979	The results imply that angiotensin II, catecholamines, and vasopressin control hepatic carbohydrate metabolism through a Ca2+-requiring, cyclic AMP-independent pathway that leads to the phosphorylation of important regulatory enzymes.	Carbohydrates	87-99	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	59-70
317275-5	1979	The isolated carbohydrate moiety of alpha 1-AT showed the same effect as the intact molecule.	Carbohydrates	13-25	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	36-46
499088-0	1979	Insulin secretion in patients with hyperthyroidism: in relation to abnormalities in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	84-96	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
446930-0	1979	Effect of a high carbohydrate diet on insulin binding to adipocytes and on insulin action in vivo in man.	Carbohydrates	17-29	insulin	Homo sapiens	38-45
446930-1	1979	We studied the effects of short-term (5 days) and long-term (2 wk) high carbohydrate (75%) feedings on insulin binding to isolated adipocytes and insulin sensitivity in vivo in normal subjects.	Carbohydrates	72-84	insulin	Homo sapiens	103-110
317275-8	1979	The results suggest, that alpha 1-AT interacts through its carbohydrate portion with C3 and its fragments and functions as a complement receptor molecule.	Carbohydrates	59-71	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	26-36
525210-8	1979	The results indicate that sensitivity to insulin of target cells might be important for the development of carbohydrate intolerance also in normal weight subjects.	Carbohydrates	107-119	insulin	Homo sapiens	41-48
88959-10	1979	It is concluded that human corticosteroid-binding globulin clearance from rat plasma is rapid and that the carbohydrate moiety of human corticosteroid-binding globulin is involved in its clearance and catabolism by the liver.	Carbohydrates	107-119	serpin family A member 6	Homo sapiens	27-58
88959-10	1979	It is concluded that human corticosteroid-binding globulin clearance from rat plasma is rapid and that the carbohydrate moiety of human corticosteroid-binding globulin is involved in its clearance and catabolism by the liver.	Carbohydrates	107-119	serpin family A member 6	Homo sapiens	136-167
453063-10	1979	The insulin response to a low-fiber meal was twice as great as that to a high-fiber meal containing an equivalent amount of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	124-136	insulin	Homo sapiens	4-11
493608-0	1979	[Dynamics of growth hormone in patients with carbohydrate intolerance].	Carbohydrates	45-57	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	13-27
286825-2	1979	This glycoprotein, termed TA3-MM epiglycanin, was characterized by a high molecular weight (500,000), by potent inhibition of hemagglutination by the Vicia gramines lectin, and by carbohydrate and amino acid compositions nearly identical to those of the glycoprotein epiglycanin present at the surface of the allotransplantable TA3-Ha ascites cell.	Carbohydrates	180-192	RIKEN cDNA 2700049A03 gene	Mus musculus	26-29
481365-1	1979	Miles Laboratories has developed a Glucose Controlled Insulin Infusion System (GCIIS) designated by the Trademark (BIOSTATOR) as a tool to investigate the physiologic control parameters of carbohydrate metabolism and regulatory deficiencies in diabetes.	Carbohydrates	189-201	insulin	Homo sapiens	54-61
477677-5	1979	The causes of the abnormal GH secretion and the role of high GH levels in carbohydrate intolerance are discussed.	Carbohydrates	74-86	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	61-63
484164-7	1979	The improvement in carbohydrate tolerance and in insulin resistance usually observed following diet-induced loss of BFM seems to be due to the reduction in calorie and carbohydrate intake rather than to decrease of BFM.	Carbohydrates	168-180	insulin	Homo sapiens	49-56
84999-9	1979	DAMME and other substances with opiate-like activity, such as morphine and beta-endorphin, affect carbohydrate metabolism and insulin secretion.	Carbohydrates	98-110	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	75-89
510227-4	1979	Similar characteristics of insulin concentrations measured during an oral glucose tolerance test and adipose-cell hypertrophy of the same degree may suggest a comparable influence on the development of carbohydrate intolerance and hypertriglyceridemia.	Carbohydrates	202-214	insulin	Homo sapiens	27-34
469042-7	1979	Human kappa-casein contains 3 times more carbohydrate than bovine kappa-casein with 2 additional sugars, GlcNAc and Fuc.	Carbohydrates	41-53	casein kappa	Bos taurus	6-18
469042-10	1979	The carbohydrate moiety of another milk protein, human lactotransferrin, is also discussed briefly.	Carbohydrates	4-16	lactotransferrin	Homo sapiens	55-71
469042-11	1979	it is comprised of 2 identical glycan groups, N-glycosidically linked to the protein, and quite different from the kappa-casein carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	128-140	casein kappa	Bos taurus	115-127
225831-0	1979	Changes in snail carbohydrate and nucleic acid metabolism due to trematode infection.	Carbohydrates	17-29	snail family transcriptional repressor 1	Homo sapiens	11-16
427222-0	1979	The control by vasopressin of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the perfused rat liver.	Carbohydrates	30-42	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	15-26
446474-9	1979	Cathepsin D-I contained 6.6% carbohydrate, consisting of mannose, glucose, galactose, fucose and glucosamine in a ratio of 8:2:1:1:5 with a trace of sialic acid.	Carbohydrates	29-41	cathepsin D	Rattus norvegicus	0-11
427192-0	1979	Cow kappa-casein: structure of the carbohydrate portion.	Carbohydrates	35-47	casein kappa	Bos taurus	4-16
427192-1	1979	The detailed sugar sequences of the two main carbohydrate portions of cow kappa-casein were established by enzymic and chemical methods and by mass spectrometry.	Carbohydrates	45-57	casein kappa	Bos taurus	74-86
433230-1	1979	Isocaloric food rations with a steady protein level, but differing proportions and quality of carbohydrates and fat produce a marked effect on the activity of the lipoprotein lipase in the fat tissue and liver of rats, affecting the blood insulin level to a lesser degree.	Carbohydrates	94-107	lipoprotein lipase	Rattus norvegicus	163-181
419916-7	1979	However, the increased insulin response, following carbohydrate intake, might be of significance in the generation of paralytic attacks in patients with PHP.	Carbohydrates	51-63	insulin	Homo sapiens	23-30
433230-3	1979	A fat-rich ration with a vegetable oil and a carbohydrate-rich ration with saccharose heighten the activity of the lipoprotein lipase both in the fat tissue and in the liver, but produce an opposite action on the blood insulin concentration.	Carbohydrates	45-57	lipoprotein lipase	Rattus norvegicus	115-133
33713-2	1979	A sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate:D-galactosyl-glycoprotein N-acetylneuraminyltransferase, EC 2.4.99.1) which attaches N-acetylneuraminic acid to the terminal end of the carbohydrate chain of kappa-casein was found to be concentrated in Golgi apparatus-enriched fractions of bovine mammary gland.	Carbohydrates	181-193	casein kappa	Bos taurus	203-215
115252-2	1979	These may in part result from the fact that the kidney plays a prominent role in the metabolism of insulin as well as a number of other low-molecular-weight peptide hormones that affect carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	186-198	insulin	Homo sapiens	99-106
394548-4	1979	We have done this in order to evaluate which of these indexes is better suited to demonstrate the physiopathological mechanism concerning the relationship between insulin hypersecretion and reduced carbohydrate tolerance in the various pathological conditions which we have dealt with.	Carbohydrates	198-210	insulin	Homo sapiens	163-170
495283-0	1979	Effect of variations in carbohydrate intake on plasma glucose, insulin, and triglyceride responses in normal subjects and patients with chemical diabetes.	Carbohydrates	24-36	insulin	Homo sapiens	63-70
433901-8	1979	glucose affect PP by indirect mechanisms and that PP may be involved in carbohydrate metabolism in man.	Carbohydrates	72-84	familial progressive hyperpigmentation 1	Homo sapiens	50-52
156250-1	1979	In order to clarify the function of the carbohydrate moiety of bovine kappa-casein, kappa-casein components having different carbohydrate contents were prepared by DEAE-cellulose chromatography.	Carbohydrates	40-52	casein kappa	Bos taurus	70-82
119699-2	1979	Results from 6 insulin-dependent diabetics with respect to quality of control, carbohydrate/insulin ratio, and insulin requirement are shown.	Carbohydrates	79-91	insulin	Homo sapiens	15-22
572287-1	1979	The exclusive postoperative supply of carbohydrates resulted in a significant improvement (24%) of cumulative nitrogen balance, because increased insulin production apparently caused augmented recycling of amino acids liberated during catabolism.	Carbohydrates	38-51	insulin	Homo sapiens	146-153
120906-0	1979	Carbohydrate structure of the major glycopeptide from human cold-insoluble globulin.	Carbohydrates	0-12	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	60-83
156250-3	1979	The subsceptibility of kappa-casein components, having different carbohydrate contents, to various proteases was examined.	Carbohydrates	65-77	casein kappa	Bos taurus	23-35
156250-8	1979	These results indicate that the carbohydrate moiety of kappa-casein components to various proteases.	Carbohydrates	32-44	casein kappa	Bos taurus	55-67
109912-5	1979	Hypertonic glucose (gradually increased from 20-40%), covered with insulin in the early phase, is used as source of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	116-129	insulin	Homo sapiens	67-74
571586-5	1979	Insulin levels were positively correlated with the amount of carbohydrate in the diet and there was an inverse correlation between the carbohydrate contents of the diets and circulating free fatty acid levels during waking hours.	Carbohydrates	61-73	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
105331-2	1979	Insulin is essential for the extrahepatic metabolism of all three carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	66-79	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
220571-5	1979	Insulin levels were positively correlated with the amount of carbohydrate in the diet and there was an inverse correlation between the carbohydrate contents of the diets and circulating free fatty acid levels during waking hours.	Carbohydrates	61-73	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
525102-0	1979	[Effect of insulin and glucose on aspects of liver carbohydrate metabolism in fractures of the long tubular bones].	Carbohydrates	51-63	insulin	Homo sapiens	11-18
83175-7	1978	Carbohydrate analysis revealed a qualitative similarity between mouse brain Thy-1.2 and Thy-1.1 from rat brain.	Carbohydrates	0-12	thymus cell antigen 1, theta	Mus musculus	76-83
83175-7	1978	Carbohydrate analysis revealed a qualitative similarity between mouse brain Thy-1.2 and Thy-1.1 from rat brain.	Carbohydrates	0-12	thymus cell antigen 1, theta	Mus musculus	88-95
723636-6	1978	The apparent improvement in carbohydrate homeostasis observed after the fast could not be attributed to an increase in insulin response, but was associated with some amelioration of the insulin resistance that characterizes these patients.	Carbohydrates	28-40	insulin	Homo sapiens	186-193
728384-11	1978	The differences in sensitivity to proteases of various sites on glycophorin A seem to be due to heterogeneity in the carbohydrate components and not to differences in the primary structure of the polypeptide chains.	Carbohydrates	117-129	glycophorin A (MNS blood group)	Homo sapiens	64-77
724682-4	1978	Elevation of peripheral insulin resistance can promote development or detection of carbohydrate metabolism disturbances in patients with chronic diseases of the liver.	Carbohydrates	83-95	insulin	Homo sapiens	24-31
82538-0	1978	Developmental changes in carbohydrate moiety of human alpha-fetoprotein.	Carbohydrates	25-37	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	54-71
102578-6	1978	Placenta alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase has an apparent molecular weight of 304 000 and contains 23.4% carbohydrate consisting of glucose, galactose, mannose, hexosamines and neuraminic acid.	Carbohydrates	102-114	N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase	Homo sapiens	9-38
707389-4	1978	Much less well documented is the fact that meals of equal protein, fat, and carbohydrate content may cause different responses of plasma glucose and insulin.	Carbohydrates	76-88	insulin	Homo sapiens	149-156
707389-7	1978	The hypothesis is proposed that a high-carbohydrate, fiber-depleted diet, high in simple sugars, by repeatedly stimulating an excessive insulin response, may lead to insulin resistance and obesity in susceptible individuals and may play a role in the common occurrence of obesity in industrialized societies.	Carbohydrates	39-51	insulin	Homo sapiens	136-143
707389-7	1978	The hypothesis is proposed that a high-carbohydrate, fiber-depleted diet, high in simple sugars, by repeatedly stimulating an excessive insulin response, may lead to insulin resistance and obesity in susceptible individuals and may play a role in the common occurrence of obesity in industrialized societies.	Carbohydrates	39-51	insulin	Homo sapiens	166-173
707394-8	1978	Recent experimental studies of diabetic hyperglycemic men have shown that high-fiber, high-carbohydrate diets cause remission of diabetes mellitus in many men who had been treated previously by oral agents of moderate doses of insulin, but not those who had previously received large amounts of insulin.	Carbohydrates	91-103	insulin	Homo sapiens	227-234
707394-8	1978	Recent experimental studies of diabetic hyperglycemic men have shown that high-fiber, high-carbohydrate diets cause remission of diabetes mellitus in many men who had been treated previously by oral agents of moderate doses of insulin, but not those who had previously received large amounts of insulin.	Carbohydrates	91-103	insulin	Homo sapiens	295-302
690134-11	1978	The carbohydrate portion of C5a exists as a single complex oligosaccharide unit attached to an asparagine at position 64.	Carbohydrates	4-16	complement C5a receptor 1	Homo sapiens	28-31
567604-6	1978	These data differentiate pharmacologic and physiologic assessments of carbohydrate homeostasis, and they support the concept that elevated growth hormone concentrations may not be a direct result of poor diabetic control.	Carbohydrates	70-82	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	139-153
732091-4	1978	In addition to the effect of dietary energy supply, dietary carbohydrate has a short-term specific effect on protein metabolism not shared by fat, in which plasma amino acids are diverted into muscle protein through the action of insulin released by the dietary carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	60-72	insulin	Homo sapiens	230-237
732091-4	1978	In addition to the effect of dietary energy supply, dietary carbohydrate has a short-term specific effect on protein metabolism not shared by fat, in which plasma amino acids are diverted into muscle protein through the action of insulin released by the dietary carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	262-274	insulin	Homo sapiens	230-237
728130-0	1978	Methylation analysis of the carbohydrate portion of fibronectin isolated from human plasma.	Carbohydrates	28-40	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	52-63
361205-5	1978	The shared antigenic determinants responsible for these immunological cross-reactions between CEA and other tissue glycoproteins were found to be carbohydrate in nature.	Carbohydrates	146-158	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	94-97
731941-2	1978	Renin extracted from hog kidney was different from that from mouse submaxillary glands in immunoreactivity and carbohydrate content.	Carbohydrates	111-123	renin	Homo sapiens	0-5
207986-6	1978	The carbohydrate content of the abnormal fibrinogen was increased, and this change was related to the abnormal fibrinogen function.	Carbohydrates	4-16	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	41-51
209036-6	1978	Thus, the carbohydrate moieties of rat liver transferrin or apoprotein B of chick liver VLDL do not appear to play an essential role in the secretion process.	Carbohydrates	10-22	transferrin	Rattus norvegicus	45-56
207986-6	1978	The carbohydrate content of the abnormal fibrinogen was increased, and this change was related to the abnormal fibrinogen function.	Carbohydrates	4-16	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	111-121
79545-1	1978	The hypothesis that Thy-1.2 carries a carbohydrate antigenic determinant with the same specificity as the monosialoganglioside GM1 was tested by attempting to co-cap Thy-1.2 and GM1 in CBA thymocytes using anti-Thy-1.2 alloantiserum and cholera toxin.	Carbohydrates	38-50	thymus cell antigen 1, theta	Mus musculus	20-27
100104-2	1978	Trypsin digestion of human serum transferrin partially saturated with iron(III)-nitrilotriacetate at pH 5.5 or pH 8.5 produces a carbohydrate-containing iron-binding fragment of mol.wt.	Carbohydrates	129-141	transferrin	Homo sapiens	33-44
357811-3	1978	Postprandial insulin responses were also significantly lower in the patients on the diets lower in carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	99-111	insulin	Homo sapiens	13-20
83821-0	1978	The relations between intestinal alkaline phosphatase and carbohydrates with regard to calcium absorption.	Carbohydrates	58-71	alkaline phosphatase, intestinal	Homo sapiens	22-53
565774-2	1978	Human angiotensinogen is a glycoprotein containing 14% carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	55-67	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	6-21
645751-2	1978	The pathophysiology of the impaired carbohydrate tolerance and reactive hypoglycemia is illustrated by measurements of C-peptide, and free and antibody-bound insulin.	Carbohydrates	36-48	insulin	Homo sapiens	158-165
360750-8	1978	The results suggest that insulin sensitivity of target tissue seems to play an important role in development of carbohydrate intolerance.	Carbohydrates	112-124	insulin	Homo sapiens	25-32
688979-2	1978	In patients where carbohydrate intolerance coexists, increasing of reactive insulin is relatively diminished and delayed.	Carbohydrates	18-30	insulin	Homo sapiens	76-83
630325-5	1978	The findings suggest that determining Hb AIc may give valuable information on the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in the preceding one to two months and thus become an important aid to management.	Carbohydrates	96-108	AIC	Homo sapiens	41-44
729433-3	1978	The HCF diets containing 70 per cent of calories as carbohydrate were accompanied by significant reductions in requirements for insulin or sulfonylureas.	Carbohydrates	52-64	insulin	Homo sapiens	128-135
738210-0	1978	Abnormal growth hormone response in obesity with normal carbohydrate tolerance and normal thyroid function.	Carbohydrates	56-68	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	9-23
697994-0	1978	[Influence of placental lactogen (HPL) on carbohydrate metabolism in pregnancy].	Carbohydrates	42-54	chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 2	Homo sapiens	14-32
77016-4	1978	The total amount of carbohydrate in NCA was 30%, compared to 60% in CEA.	Carbohydrates	20-32	CEA cell adhesion molecule 4	Homo sapiens	36-39
347861-6	1978	Carbohydrate tolerance improved with the reduction in growth hormone and of 23 patients with diabetes mellitus before treatment, glucose tolerance became normal in 15 and improved in a further 5.	Carbohydrates	0-12	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	54-68
204321-7	1978	It has been shown that perchloric acid modifies the carbohydrate in CEA, thus altering its Con A-binding properties.	Carbohydrates	52-64	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	68-71
620075-1	1978	The carbohydrate-binding specificity of two pokeweed (Phytolacca americana) mitogens (Pa-1 and Pa-2) was investigated by means of hemagglutination inhibition assays and the quantitative inhibition of the binding of 125I-labeled lectins to human erythrocytes using various oligosaccharides, glycopeptides and glycoproteins as hapten inhibitors.	Carbohydrates	4-16	PAXIP1 associated glutamate rich protein 1	Homo sapiens	86-99
645434-0	1978	Effect of growth hormone on carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	28-40	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	10-24
651882-3	1978	The CD spectra of 11 analogues of CpA, containing modified carbohydrate residue, achiral hydroxyalkyl- and optically active hydroxymethylene substituents have been studied.	Carbohydrates	59-71	carboxypeptidase A1	Homo sapiens	34-37
304362-4	1978	The S-type alpha-1-antitrypsin contains 15.2% carbohydrate consisting of 16.4 residues/mol of N-acetylglucosamine, 7.8 residues/mol of mannose.	Carbohydrates	46-58	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	11-30
304362-5	1978	6.7 residues/mol of galactose and 7.1 residues/mol of sialic acid which is essentially the same as the carbohydrate composition of the M-type alpha-1-antitrypsin.	Carbohydrates	103-115	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	142-161
377887-1	1978	Carbohydrate metabolism is regulated by the anabolic action of insulin and by the catabolic effect of glucagon.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	63-70
742251-6	1978	In the following stages, there will take place a depression of the early insulin phase with a pathological carbohydrate tolerance of the pregnant women in the sense of a gestational diabetes.	Carbohydrates	107-119	insulin	Homo sapiens	73-80
351326-0	1978	Carbohydrate antigens: coupling melibionic acid to bovine serum albumin using water-soluble carbodiimide.	Carbohydrates	0-12	albumin	Homo sapiens	58-71
414664-4	1977	Raised immuno-reactive insulin (IRI) values persisted eight hours after carbohydrate infusions although the basal plasma glucose concentrations had returned to control values.	Carbohydrates	72-84	insulin	Homo sapiens	23-30
201897-0	1977	[Relationship between the adrenal cortex-ACTH system and carbohydrate metabolism].	Carbohydrates	57-69	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	41-45
414664-10	1977	This specific role of glucose in the long-term potentiation of insulin secretion make it the carbohydrate of choice for the intravenous feeding in postoperative patients.	Carbohydrates	93-105	insulin	Homo sapiens	63-70
922666-4	1977	Levels of bound carbohydrates reflect the sum of all the changes in serum glycoproteins, but primarily changes in the acute-phase proteins (alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, alpha 1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin) found in the alpha-globulin fraction of serum.	Carbohydrates	16-29	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	167-186
590654-0	1977	The effect of short-term intravenous insulin administration on the glucagon response to a carbohydrate meal in adult onset and juvenile type diabetes.	Carbohydrates	90-102	insulin	Homo sapiens	37-44
579584-1	1977	This article deals with the problem of judging the carbohydrate metabolism of women in pregnancy and childbed only by time-dependent measurements of serum insulin after an intravenous glucose tolerance test.	Carbohydrates	51-63	insulin	Homo sapiens	155-162
922666-4	1977	Levels of bound carbohydrates reflect the sum of all the changes in serum glycoproteins, but primarily changes in the acute-phase proteins (alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, alpha 1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin) found in the alpha-globulin fraction of serum.	Carbohydrates	16-29	haptoglobin	Homo sapiens	188-199
923593-10	1977	Sodium periodate treatment reduces the alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase recognition by fibroblasts and suggests that the recognition sites on the enzyme are associated with its carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	174-186	N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase	Homo sapiens	39-68
73495-2	1977	Pretreatment of sections with periodic acid eliminated these cross-reactions without affecting the staining of CEA, indicating that the antigenic determinants shared between CEA and other glycoproteins are in the carbohydrate portion of the molecules.	Carbohydrates	213-225	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	174-177
71198-5	1977	A small difference in the carbohydrate composition of each alpha-fetoprotein was observed.	Carbohydrates	26-38	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	59-76
579296-9	1977	PP5 is a glycoprotein and contains 19.8% carbohydrates (hexoses 10.0%, hexosamine 4.4%, fucose 0.4%, sialic acid 5.0%).	Carbohydrates	41-54	tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
590207-4	1977	It is concluded that in obesity the action of insulin is decreased both in carbohydrate metabolism and in lipolysis.	Carbohydrates	75-87	insulin	Homo sapiens	46-53
198005-5	1977	The molecular weight values of rabbit renin obtained by gel filtration and those from zone centrifugation are identical (37000 +/- 1000), consistent with a low percent of carbohydrate in the glycoprotein.	Carbohydrates	171-183	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: renin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	38-43
599835-7	1977	The total carbohydrate content was 7.6 mg per 100 mg of dry weight (neutral sugars, 6.3; GlcN, 0.9; GalN, 0.1; and sialic acid, 0.3).	Carbohydrates	10-22	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	100-104
901976-3	1977	Some of the evidence suggests that this effect of insulin is related to its action on carbohydrate metabolism, but there was no simple correlation between the hypoglycaemic action of insulin and its effect on stomach emptying.	Carbohydrates	86-98	insulin	Homo sapiens	50-57
198005-7	1977	It is concluded that renin contains a small number of carbohydrate residues in relatively close proximity to a hydrophobic surface which enhances the interaction with concanavalin A.	Carbohydrates	54-66	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: renin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	21-26
70228-3	1977	Human alpha-fetoprotein is a sialylated glycoprotein with an estimated molecular weight of 67 500, composed of a single-chain polypeptide of approximately 580 amino acid residues and 3.6% carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	188-200	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	6-23
303825-2	1977	Trypsin and pronase exerted insulin-like effects on the transport of sugar.	Carbohydrates	69-74	insulin	Homo sapiens	28-35
337288-4	1977	Immunological reactions to insulin and the pancreatic tissue were mostly noted in patients with moderate obesity and at the initial stage of the carbohydrate metabolism deragement.	Carbohydrates	145-157	insulin	Homo sapiens	27-34
928319-2	1977	Adipose tissue sensitivity to insulin was studied by the influence of insulin to the intensity of incorporation of carbohydrate of labeled glucose into the common lipids of the adipose tissue in its incubation with various insulin concentrations.	Carbohydrates	115-127	insulin	Homo sapiens	30-37
928319-2	1977	Adipose tissue sensitivity to insulin was studied by the influence of insulin to the intensity of incorporation of carbohydrate of labeled glucose into the common lipids of the adipose tissue in its incubation with various insulin concentrations.	Carbohydrates	115-127	insulin	Homo sapiens	70-77
928319-2	1977	Adipose tissue sensitivity to insulin was studied by the influence of insulin to the intensity of incorporation of carbohydrate of labeled glucose into the common lipids of the adipose tissue in its incubation with various insulin concentrations.	Carbohydrates	115-127	insulin	Homo sapiens	70-77
921736-0	1977	Bovine serum transferrin phenotypes AA, D1D1, D2D2, EE: their carbohydrate compositions and electrophoretic multiplicity.	Carbohydrates	62-74	serotransferrin	Bos taurus	13-24
407783-4	1977	In adult kwashiorkor-like syndromes, the insulin response to the combined stimulus of catabolic stress and carbohydrate feedings reduces the mobilization of fat and protein stores.	Carbohydrates	107-119	insulin	Homo sapiens	41-48
68892-4	1977	The amino acid and carbohydrate sequences in hCG-alpha and hCG-beta are described.	Carbohydrates	19-31	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	45-54
893144-0	1977	The histochemistry of galactose residues of complex carbohydrates as studied by peroxidase-labeled Ricinus communis agglutinin.	Carbohydrates	52-65	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: peroxidase 60	Ricinus communis	80-90
893144-1	1977	A peroxidase-labeled Ricinus communis agglutinin diaminobenzidine (PO-RCA-DAB) procedure has been utilized to determine the light microscopic localization of galactose residues of complex carbohydrates in a variety of tissues from different vertebrate species.	Carbohydrates	188-201	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: peroxidase 60	Ricinus communis	2-12
328310-1	1977	A prospective study of carbohydrate metabolism was carried out on seven women by using an oral glucose tolerance stimulation test and measuring blood glucose and plasma insulin values over a 3-hour time period.	Carbohydrates	23-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	169-176
905257-7	1977	In the group of healthy adolescents correlation between the insulin and the growth hormone levels was greater before carbohydrate load than after it.	Carbohydrates	117-129	insulin	Homo sapiens	60-67
874055-9	1977	The specificity of secretin for augmenting glucose stimulated insulin release suggets a possible role for secretin in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	118-130	insulin	Homo sapiens	62-69
905257-7	1977	In the group of healthy adolescents correlation between the insulin and the growth hormone levels was greater before carbohydrate load than after it.	Carbohydrates	117-129	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	76-90
905262-7	1977	The leading role played by insulin sensitivity reduction of the peripheral tissues in the pathogenesis of carbohydrate metabolism in cases with chronic diseases of the liver is supposed.	Carbohydrates	106-118	insulin	Homo sapiens	27-34
196374-0	1977	[Effect of insulin on activity of carbohydrate metabolism enzymes in loach embryos in early development].	Carbohydrates	34-46	insulin	Homo sapiens	11-18
301402-1	1977	The effects of several kinds of carbohydrate oxidase, SH-inhibitors and some other chemical reagents on the activities of von Willebrand factor, factor VIII procoagulant and factor VIII-related antigen were studied.	Carbohydrates	32-44	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	122-201
327148-4	1977	In patients with a healthy carbohydrate metabolism a clear correlation exists between the concentration of creatinine on the one hand, the creatinine-clearance and the fasting C-peptide concentration respectively the measured amount of C-peptide on the other hand.	Carbohydrates	27-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	176-185
327148-4	1977	In patients with a healthy carbohydrate metabolism a clear correlation exists between the concentration of creatinine on the one hand, the creatinine-clearance and the fasting C-peptide concentration respectively the measured amount of C-peptide on the other hand.	Carbohydrates	27-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	236-245
406887-3	1977	Their diabetes is usually best controlled with a diet that provides adequate nutrition for growth and a carbohydrate allowance that balances the hypoglycaemic effect of their insulin.	Carbohydrates	104-116	insulin	Homo sapiens	175-182
870515-9	1977	Our data demonstrate that GH-RIH impairs the iv carbohydrate tolerance in healthy subjects and facilities an increased hepatic glucose output upon administration of arginine both in controls and in maturity onset diabetics.	Carbohydrates	48-60	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	26-28
896770-0	1977	Viscosity and the action of unavailable carbohydrate in reducing the post prandial glucose and insulin levels.	Carbohydrates	40-52	insulin	Homo sapiens	95-102
300031-2	1977	This method provides a means of separating erythropoietin from several of its contaminants, presumably on the basis of its carbohydrate side chains.	Carbohydrates	123-135	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	43-57
320224-10	1977	It is concluded that the impaired carbohydrate metabolism seen in MD is due to peripheral insulin resistance affecting various organs including the liver and it is suggested that the excessive beta-cell response is secondayr to the peripheral resistance.	Carbohydrates	34-46	insulin	Homo sapiens	90-97
576386-8	1977	PP7 is a glycoprotein; its carbohydrate content amounts to 5.4% (hexoses 3.0%, Hexosamine 1.2%, Fucose 0.2%, sialic acid 1.0%).	Carbohydrates	27-39	protein phosphatase with EF-hand domain 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
142370-3	1977	Citrate (administered separately and together with hydroxythiamin) is assumed to influence indirectly the transketolase activity affecting the total regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	163-175	transketolase	Homo sapiens	106-119
190047-1	1977	The rates of storage and release of carbohydrate by the liver are determined by the plasma concentrations of several blood-borne signals; most important are the concentrations of glucose, and of the hormones insulin and glucagon.	Carbohydrates	36-48	insulin	Homo sapiens	208-215
402543-0	1977	[Influence of vasoactive substances on blood sugar and serum insulin in normal and diabetic carbohydrate metabolism (author"s transl)].	Carbohydrates	92-104	insulin	Homo sapiens	61-68
888734-1	1977	Insulin is important in maintaining carbohydrate tolerance and normal muscle mass.	Carbohydrates	36-48	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
856748-0	1977	Some observations on the carbohydrate composition of purified transferrin.	Carbohydrates	25-37	transferrin	Homo sapiens	62-73
888824-5	1977	The results obtained support the hypothesis that the binding of the carbohydrate groups of factor VIII plays an important role in the induction of platelet aggregation and in the maintenance of aggregates formed in response to the treatment of platelet-rich plasma with bovine factor VIII or ristocetin.	Carbohydrates	68-80	coagulation factor VIII	Bos taurus	91-102
888824-5	1977	The results obtained support the hypothesis that the binding of the carbohydrate groups of factor VIII plays an important role in the induction of platelet aggregation and in the maintenance of aggregates formed in response to the treatment of platelet-rich plasma with bovine factor VIII or ristocetin.	Carbohydrates	68-80	coagulation factor VIII	Bos taurus	277-288
848876-2	1977	The Thy1 molecules purified are membrane glycoproteins of molecular weight 25,000 containing 30% carbohydrate by weight.	Carbohydrates	97-109	Thy-1 cell surface antigen	Rattus norvegicus	4-8
856748-3	1977	The data obtained indicate that the excess number of electrophoretic bands observed in transferrin from this source is due to the loss of carbohydrates which only affects sialic acid and none of the other sugar types.	Carbohydrates	138-151	transferrin	Homo sapiens	87-98
846980-2	1977	Determination of insulin sensitivity should be referred to the methods of the earliest detection of disturbances in the general system of carbohydrate metabolism regulation in persons with heredity aggravated by diabetes.	Carbohydrates	138-150	insulin	Homo sapiens	17-24
592816-0	1977	Accessibility of the carbohydrate moiety of membrane-boound rhodopsin to enzymatic and chemical modification.	Carbohydrates	21-33	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	60-69
592816-1	1977	Galactose was specifically inserted into the carbohydrate moiety of rhodopsin by incubating retinal disk membranes with UDP-galactose: N-acetylglucosamine galactosyltransferase.	Carbohydrates	45-57	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	68-77
190436-5	1977	Both the triglyceride production rate and the insulin response were significantly lower on a diet in carbohydrate and higher in polyunsaturated fat.	Carbohydrates	101-113	insulin	Homo sapiens	46-53
857071-8	1977	Reduction of insulin sensitivity seems to be one of the causes of frequent carbohydrates metabolism disorders in patients with acute myocardial infarction.	Carbohydrates	75-88	insulin	Homo sapiens	13-20
1070022-1	1976	Studies in female ob/ob mice demonstrated diabetogenic properties of human growth hormone (somatotropin) and of a fragment generated therefrom by controlled digestion with pepsin; both the fragment and parent growth hormone produce long-term effects on carbohydrate metabolism; in acute glucose tolerance tests, only the fragment is active.	Carbohydrates	253-265	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	209-223
857443-6	1977	Main cause of this carbohydrate intolerance is an insulin resistance, partly by deminution of the metabolically active liver parenchyma, partly by the diminished reactivity of the peripheral tissues.	Carbohydrates	19-31	insulin	Homo sapiens	50-57
1005176-0	1976	[Blood insulin in the course of hypertriglyceridemia induced by diet rich in carbohydrates].	Carbohydrates	77-90	insulin	Homo sapiens	7-14
1002996-14	1976	A major chemical difference does exist between these two human anaphylatoxins, namely that carbohydrate is associated with C5a but is absent in the C3a molecule.	Carbohydrates	91-103	complement C5a receptor 1	Homo sapiens	123-126
1002996-2	1976	Chemical description of the carbohydrate and polypeptide prtions of human C5a.	Carbohydrates	28-40	complement C5a receptor 1	Homo sapiens	74-77
1002996-3	1976	Human C5a was isolated from complement-activated serum and was characterized for protein and carbohydrate content.	Carbohydrates	93-105	complement C5a receptor 1	Homo sapiens	6-9
826245-11	1976	Amino acid and carbohydrate compositions of isolated monkey alpha-1-antitrypsin were similar to those of human alpha-1-antitrypsin.	Carbohydrates	15-27	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	60-79
1002996-7	1976	Analysis of the carbohydrate moiety in C5a indicated 4 moles of glucosamine, 3 to 4 moles os sialic acid, 4 moles of mannose and 2 moles of galactose.	Carbohydrates	16-28	complement C5a receptor 1	Homo sapiens	39-42
1002996-8	1976	The total carbohydrate content in C5a, therefore, amounts to approximately 25% of the apparent m.w.	Carbohydrates	10-22	complement C5a receptor 1	Homo sapiens	34-37
1002996-10	1976	The protein and carbohydrate portions of C5a together equal a m.w.	Carbohydrates	16-28	complement C5a receptor 1	Homo sapiens	41-44
62283-1	1976	The Thy-1 antigens from both thymocytes and brain of rats are major membrane glycoproteins of about 25,000 molecular weight of which 30% is carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	140-152	Thy-1 cell surface antigen	Rattus norvegicus	4-9
989880-9	1976	It is proposed that the improvement or deterioration in carbohydrate tolerance after propranolol treatment might be related to whether or not a satisfactory propranolol-induced lipolytic blockade is achieved, leading to a decrease in plasma free fatty acid levels, improved insulin sensitivity, and better peripheral glucose utilization.	Carbohydrates	56-68	insulin	Homo sapiens	274-281
977574-9	1976	These results indicate that there are specific binding sites for collagen alpha 1 chain on platelet membranes, and that the carbohydrate moiety of the alpha 1 chain plays a role in the binding.	Carbohydrates	124-136	asparagine-linked glycosylation 12, alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase homolog (S. cerevisiae)	Gallus gallus	74-81
1084886-5	1976	The only difference which was observed between the variant forms of alpha-1-AT was in the carbohydrate composition.	Carbohydrates	90-102	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	68-78
966071-10	1976	Mitochondrial PEPCK and PYCAR activities in both liver and kidney were increased in dogs fed the carbohydrate-free diets.	Carbohydrates	97-109	pyruvate carboxylase	Canis lupus familiaris	24-29
781574-6	1976	The results are discussed in relation to the pathogenesis of disturbed carbohydrate metabolism in insulin-independent pregnant diabetic patients.	Carbohydrates	71-83	insulin	Homo sapiens	98-105
934240-5	1976	The periodic monitoring of hemoglobin AIc levels provides a useful way of documenting the degree of control of glucose metabolism in diabetic patients and provides a means whereby the relation of carbohydrate control to the development of sequelae can be assessed.	Carbohydrates	196-208	AIC	Homo sapiens	38-41
196466-5	1976	Studies with glucagon and insulin on carbohydrate metabolism show that the molar ratios of these hormones control gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis.	Carbohydrates	37-49	insulin	Homo sapiens	26-33
975107-3	1976	The carbohydrate structure of CEA has been studied by periodate oxidation.	Carbohydrates	4-16	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	30-33
941870-7	1976	Thus, a high carbohydrate diet with generous amounts of dietary fiber may be the treatment of choice of diabetic patients requiring sulfonylureas or less than 30 units of insulin per day.	Carbohydrates	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	171-178
1084886-6	1976	The Z-type alpha1-AT contains between 20 and 25% less carbohydrate than the M-type alpha-1-AT.	Carbohydrates	54-66	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	11-20
182234-1	1976	The angiotensin I converting enzyme from rat lung was observed to be a glycoprotein containing 8.3% carbohydrate and consisting of a single polypeptide chain with an estimated molecular weight of 139 000 as determined by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 150 000 by sucrose density gradient sedimentation analysis.	Carbohydrates	100-112	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	4-35
824875-9	1976	It was also demonstrated that approximately 1 hour post-partum, blood sugar and immunoreactive insulin of the newborn attained values compatible with normal carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	157-169	insulin	Homo sapiens	95-102
940472-0	1976	Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism during human labor: free fatty acids, glucose, insulin, and lactic acid metabolism during normal and oxytocin-induced labor for postmaturity.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	81-88
1022902-8	1976	Patients with decreased tolerance of the carbohydrates tend to have a torpid and perverted types of somatotropin secretion.	Carbohydrates	41-54	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	100-112
182183-16	1976	The carbohydrate moiety of ApoB contained mannose, galactose and galactosamine.	Carbohydrates	4-16	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	27-31
1032601-9	1976	Also, insulin/HCS ratio may be of some aid in the study of carbohydrate intolerance in pregnancy.	Carbohydrates	59-71	insulin	Homo sapiens	6-13
823090-6	1976	When insufficient carbohydrate intake is coupled with normal and high protein content of the food, there is interindividually an initial drop in the insulin concentration.	Carbohydrates	18-30	insulin	Homo sapiens	149-156
823090-9	1976	When carbohydrate calories are added to the diet, a simultaneous decrease in the free fatty acids and branched-chain amino acids and increase in the blood concentrations of insulin, alanine, glycine and threonine within 24 to 48 h are only observed with 3500 kcal/day and 0.8 to 1.4 g protein per kg body weight.	Carbohydrates	5-17	insulin	Homo sapiens	173-180
1084848-0	1976	Effect of insulin on carbohydrate metabolism of frog liver in vitro.	Carbohydrates	21-33	insulin	Homo sapiens	10-17
773953-9	1976	High-carbohydrate diets at the 2300 calorie level caused a significant decrease of growth hormone values in serum in each of eight men (sign test of significance, P less than .01).	Carbohydrates	5-17	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	83-97
773953-12	1976	A high-caloric diet similar to the control diet in composition was without effect on growth hormone secretion in men; however, a high-carbohydrate diet at the higher caloric level again depressed growth hormone values in plasma.	Carbohydrates	134-146	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	196-210
773953-15	1976	Growth hormone values in serum after the infusion of arginine followed a similar pattern, i.e., decreased after high carbohydrate but unaffected by other diets in men; high carbohydrate diets did not alter the growth hormone response of women to arginine.	Carbohydrates	117-129	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	0-14
1083071-0	1976	Carbohydrate deficiency of the factor VIII/von Willebrand factor Protein in von Willebrand"s disease variants.	Carbohydrates	0-12	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	43-64
820717-0	1976	Effects of physiologic levels of glucagon and growth hormone on human carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	70-82	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	46-60
943183-2	1976	Upon incubation of the prothrombin for 30 h with a combination of neuraminidase, alpha- and beta-galactosidase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase in 4 mM diisopropylfluorophosphate at pH 5.3 and 30 degrees C, about 70% of the carbohydrates were removed without affecting the coagulation activity.	Carbohydrates	224-237	neuraminidase 1	Bos taurus	66-79
936702-3	1976	A reduction of the initial and late phase of the insulin secretion provable with deterioration of the carbohydrate tolerance must be regarded as cause of metabolic disturbances.	Carbohydrates	102-114	insulin	Homo sapiens	49-56
786207-4	1976	PP1 is a glycoprotein with a carbohydrate content of 2.7% and has the electrophoretic mobility of an alpha1-globulin.	Carbohydrates	29-41	inorganic pyrophosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
56128-5	1976	Molar ratios in the individual globulin fractions indicated an increase in carbohydrate moieties as follows: PBSA greater than PBH greater than PBF.	Carbohydrates	75-87	PTTG1 interacting protein	Homo sapiens	144-147
5426-4	1976	It was shown that there are two sites for simultaneous binding of these saccharides in the lysozyme molecule.	Carbohydrates	72-83	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	91-99
1247511-0	1976	Vespulakinins: new carbohydrate-containing bradykinin derivatives.	Carbohydrates	19-31	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	43-53
814810-6	1976	In contrast, all four patient groups with abnormal carbohydrate metabolism were more resistant than normal subjects to the action of insulin.	Carbohydrates	51-63	insulin	Homo sapiens	133-140
1247522-4	1976	The total carbohydrate was 9, 12, and 16% for human, bovine, and horse antithrombin III, respectively.	Carbohydrates	10-22	serpin family C member 1	Bos taurus	71-87
817987-6	1976	Upon treatment with thrombin, the carbohydrate content of bovine factor VIII decreases without any apparent degradation of the protein moiety of the molecule.	Carbohydrates	34-46	coagulation factor VIII	Bos taurus	65-76
56186-8	1975	No loss in activity, however, was observed when 5.33mM NaIO4 was used, and one Smith degradation (i.e. treatment in sequence with periodate, borohydride and mild acid) of CEA removed approximately 50% of the carbohydrate, including all of the fucose, sialic acid and 2-acetamido-2-deoxygalactose but did not change the antigenic activity.	Carbohydrates	208-220	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	171-174
821893-1	1976	Insulin is the key hormone of carbohydrate metabolism, it also influences the metabolism of fat and proteins.	Carbohydrates	30-42	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
1212667-3	1975	After three complete degradations and a further periodate-borohydride-t treatment, the carbohydrate content of CEA and of asialo CEA had decreased from 45-50% to 11-12% (i.e., 90% removal of carbohydrate).	Carbohydrates	87-99	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	111-114
1201057-0	1975	Interrelationship of insulin and glucagon ratios on carbohydrate metabolism in isolated hepatocytes containing high glycogen.	Carbohydrates	52-64	insulin	Homo sapiens	21-28
174795-2	1975	Examination by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of derivatized saccharides from CEA has given a general outline of its carbohydrate structure.	Carbohydrates	132-144	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	93-96
1212667-3	1975	After three complete degradations and a further periodate-borohydride-t treatment, the carbohydrate content of CEA and of asialo CEA had decreased from 45-50% to 11-12% (i.e., 90% removal of carbohydrate).	Carbohydrates	87-99	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	129-132
1212667-3	1975	After three complete degradations and a further periodate-borohydride-t treatment, the carbohydrate content of CEA and of asialo CEA had decreased from 45-50% to 11-12% (i.e., 90% removal of carbohydrate).	Carbohydrates	191-203	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	111-114
1207647-0	1975	[Serum insulin level and blood glucose concentration during various stress tests for the determination of a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism].	Carbohydrates	120-132	insulin	Homo sapiens	7-14
810515-3	1975	Four glycoproteins (GP1,2,3 and 4) rich in carbohydrate were isolated from guinea pig testes.	Carbohydrates	43-55	pancreatic secretory granule membrane major glycoprotein GP2	Cavia porcellus	20-33
1182201-3	1975	Same carbohydrate composition was detected in the apoferritin from iron rich ferritins.	Carbohydrates	5-17	ferritin heavy chain	Equus caballus	50-61
170962-7	1975	TeBG is a glycoprotein having a molecular weight of 94000 and both the amino acid and carbohydrate content are presented along with other physical properties.	Carbohydrates	86-98	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	0-4
1174929-2	1975	Insulin-dependent patients were mostly taught to use carbohydrate-exchange units in regulating their diets; this method was used less often for maturity-onset diabetics.	Carbohydrates	53-65	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
240857-2	1975	Difference spectra associated with changes in pH and with binding of saccharides have been recorded for hen egg white (HEW) lysozyme, turkey egg white (TEW) lysozyme, and for the derivatives of the hen protein in which Tre-62 or Trp-108 had been oxidized specifically to oxindolealanine to give the Oxa-62 or Oxa-108-proteins.	Carbohydrates	69-80	lysozyme C	Meleagris gallopavo	124-132
240857-2	1975	Difference spectra associated with changes in pH and with binding of saccharides have been recorded for hen egg white (HEW) lysozyme, turkey egg white (TEW) lysozyme, and for the derivatives of the hen protein in which Tre-62 or Trp-108 had been oxidized specifically to oxindolealanine to give the Oxa-62 or Oxa-108-proteins.	Carbohydrates	69-80	lysozyme C	Meleagris gallopavo	157-165
240857-5	1975	The magnitude of the low pH difference spectrum is enhanced by binding of saccharide for HEW and Oxa-62-lysozymes but not for TEW lysozyme.	Carbohydrates	74-84	lysozyme C	Meleagris gallopavo	104-112
1183043-2	1975	Bovine adrenal medulla dopamine beta-hydroxylase, a glycoprotein with terminal mannose residues in carbohydrate moiety, did not precipitate with any lectins tested except concanavalin A.	Carbohydrates	99-111	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Bos taurus	23-48
1184738-6	1975	Postprandial-stimulated insulin secretion was related to diet-induced changes in lipoprotein lipase in control subjects; both were dependent upon the amount of dietary carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	168-180	insulin	Homo sapiens	24-31
810943-1	1975	The poisoning of pregnant guinea pigs with monoiodineacetate, an inhibitor of carbohydrate metabolism in the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase phase, leads within a few minutes to the formation of syncytial plasma protrusions in the maternal blood lacunae of the placenta.	Carbohydrates	78-90	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Cavia porcellus	109-149
1230136-3	1975	The insulin-like effect of lithium on carbohydrate metabolism and correlated ions (phosphates, calcium, magnesium, potassium) at cell membrane level is then discussed.	Carbohydrates	38-50	insulin	Homo sapiens	4-11
1234578-17	1975	The results suggest that insulin indirectly stimulates carbohydrate oxidation by facilitating glucose transport into the cells and lowering FFA levels, and that epinephrine favours lipid oxidation through its lipolytic effects and its suppression of insulin release.	Carbohydrates	55-67	insulin	Homo sapiens	25-32
1234578-0	1975	Interactions of insulin and epinephrine in human metabolism: their influence on carbohydrate and lipid oxidation rate.	Carbohydrates	80-92	insulin	Homo sapiens	16-23
1142008-8	1975	Insulin doses between 0.001 and 10.0 IU induced PXDH 25-60% above the activity found in carbohydrate-fed chicks.	Carbohydrates	88-100	insulin	Gallus gallus	0-7
1171711-4	1975	Neonatal glucose assimilation and insulin release over the first two hours of life were correlated with various indices of maternal carbohydrate metabolism in the third trimester.	Carbohydrates	132-144	insulin	Homo sapiens	34-41
167265-0	1975	Effects of insulin, tolbutamide, and glucagon on activities of jejunal carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes in humans.	Carbohydrates	71-83	insulin	Homo sapiens	11-18
1146747-6	1975	The observed pyridoxine-responsive alteration in carbohydrate metabolism may involve the complexing of insulin with xanthurenic acid with a consequent loss of biological activity.	Carbohydrates	49-61	insulin	Homo sapiens	103-110
1142008-9	1975	The initiation of PXDH accumulation may be the result of a sequence of metabolic responses to dietary carbohydrate beginning with an increase in plasm glucose, which induces an insulin response.	Carbohydrates	102-114	insulin	Gallus gallus	177-184
1151063-2	1975	Results indicate that newly synthesized H-2 antigen, labeled in either its peptide or carbohydrate portion enters a relatively small pool of intracellular H-2 antigen and then is rapidly transported to the plasma membrane which represents a larger compartment.	Carbohydrates	86-98	histocompatibility-2, MHC	Mus musculus	40-43
1189493-0	1975	[Study on the effect of insulin on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in obese subjects with normal glucose tolerance].	Carbohydrates	35-47	insulin	Homo sapiens	24-31
1189493-6	1975	The two fundamental physiological effects of insulin in the carbohydrate and fat metabolism -- glucose utilization and inhibition of lipolysis -- seem to be distrubed in the same way in obesity.	Carbohydrates	60-72	insulin	Homo sapiens	45-52
1151063-2	1975	Results indicate that newly synthesized H-2 antigen, labeled in either its peptide or carbohydrate portion enters a relatively small pool of intracellular H-2 antigen and then is rapidly transported to the plasma membrane which represents a larger compartment.	Carbohydrates	86-98	histocompatibility-2, MHC	Mus musculus	155-158
1155081-7	1975	The lack of somatomedin A is responsible for the severe growth retardation and the disturbance in carbohydrate metabolism is probably caused by sustained high growth hormone levels.	Carbohydrates	98-110	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	159-173
1170888-18	1975	On the other hand, GP-1 and GP-2 had nearly identical levels of carbohydrate, 45.1 and 48.0 wt %, and possessed essentially the same percent distribution of carbohydrates: sialic acid, 16.5 plus or minus 0.5; mannose, 10.3 plus or minus 0.4; glucosamine, 11.2 plus or minus 0.1; galactose, 7.9 plus or minus 0.3.	Carbohydrates	64-76	glycoprotein 2	Bos taurus	19-32
1170888-18	1975	On the other hand, GP-1 and GP-2 had nearly identical levels of carbohydrate, 45.1 and 48.0 wt %, and possessed essentially the same percent distribution of carbohydrates: sialic acid, 16.5 plus or minus 0.5; mannose, 10.3 plus or minus 0.4; glucosamine, 11.2 plus or minus 0.1; galactose, 7.9 plus or minus 0.3.	Carbohydrates	157-170	glycoprotein 2	Bos taurus	19-32
48422-6	1975	This high sensitivity implicates the protein rather than the carbohydrate as an important part of the antigenic determinant(s) of CEA.	Carbohydrates	61-73	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	130-133
1095439-7	1975	carbohydrate, 2870-calorie diet lowered insulin (p smaller than 0.001), I/G (p smaller than 0.05), and triglycerides (p smaller than 0.001) and increased glucagon (N.S.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	40-47
805521-11	1975	Trace nutrients, especially the fat-soluble vitamins, appear to act directly to modify specific protein syntheses, whereas the bulkier constituents of the diet (carbohydrate, fat protein) exert their effects principally through altered rates of secretion of insulin, glucagon, and the glucocortioids.	Carbohydrates	161-173	insulin	Homo sapiens	258-265
1095439-9	1975	carbohydrate, 2784-calorie intake significantly increased insulin, I/G, and triglycerides (p smaller than 0.005) and lowered glucagon (p smaller than 0.02) within two days; even greater changes in hormones were observed on a 510-gm.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	58-65
810422-6	1975	In addition, the carbohydrate content of the diet causes tryptophan to become deposited in the free amino acid pool of muscle through an insulin-dependent mechanism.	Carbohydrates	17-29	insulin	Homo sapiens	137-144
1132602-1	1975	Insulin responses to oral carbohydrate over a wide spectrum of glucose tolerance.	Carbohydrates	26-38	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
1099826-4	1975	Changes of the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, of plasma renin activity, catechol amine release and the counter-regulatory insulin enhancement are especially pronounced in "stress-sensitive risk persons", e.g. in the hypertensive as a maladaptive dysregulation-as opposed to the adaptive regulation capacity of healthy individuals.	Carbohydrates	15-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	126-133
164964-2	1975	Changes in carbohydrate metabolism in the brain typical of cAMP increased, i.e. reduction in glycogen and an increase in glucose were revealed.	Carbohydrates	11-23	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	59-63
1116600-2	1975	Complete structure of two carbohydrate units of human serotransferrin.	Carbohydrates	26-38	transferrin	Homo sapiens	54-69
1125949-1	1975	The structures of the carbohydrate chains present in fragments of a large-molecular-weight glycoprotein, epiglycanin, cleaved from the surface of viable TA3-Ha murine mammary carcinoma ascites cells and purified by gel filtration, were studied by immunochemical and chemical methods.	Carbohydrates	22-34	RIKEN cDNA 2700049A03 gene	Mus musculus	153-156
165003-2	1975	The main carbohydrate chains are composed of D-galactosyl residues linked at C-3 and 2-acetamido-2-deoxyglucose residues linked at C-4.	Carbohydrates	9-21	complement component 3	Gallus gallus	77-80
163645-2	1975	Periodate oxidation has been applied to examine the carbohydrate structure of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and the possible role of the carbohydrate residues in its antigenic activity.	Carbohydrates	52-64	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	78-102
163645-2	1975	Periodate oxidation has been applied to examine the carbohydrate structure of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and the possible role of the carbohydrate residues in its antigenic activity.	Carbohydrates	52-64	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	104-107
163645-7	1975	These results yield an initial view of the structural arrangement of the carbohydrate residues in the CEA molecule.	Carbohydrates	73-85	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	102-105
46445-0	1975	Insulin responses to oral carbohydrate in true prediabetics and matched controls.	Carbohydrates	26-38	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
1172893-2	1975	There is also evidence that some infants of individuals with low insulin response might have a carbohydrate metabolism that is in some respects similar to that of newborn infants to diabetic mothers (Edstrom et al.	Carbohydrates	95-107	insulin	Homo sapiens	65-72
1090326-0	1975	Proceedings: Insulin response to carbohydrate infusions in surgical patients.	Carbohydrates	33-45	insulin	Homo sapiens	13-20
171905-1	1975	Using histochemical methods the authors studied the effect of ACTH and cortisone on carbohydrate-protein complexes of epithelial cells derived from 3 different germ layers.	Carbohydrates	84-96	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	62-66
1156360-11	1975	It is suggested that each molecule of human and cattle transferrin and duck ovotransferrin carries an average of two carbohydrate prosthetic groups.	Carbohydrates	117-129	serotransferrin	Bos taurus	55-66
1121656-1	1975	The use of continuous indirect calorimetry in the course of a 100 g OGTT in 10 normal subjects has shown that carbohydrate oxidation rises with the secondary fall in blood glucose, suggesting that it could result from glucose stored under the influence of insulin.	Carbohydrates	110-122	insulin	Homo sapiens	256-263
1121656-4	1975	On the other hand, in 7 obese diabetics with high plasma insulin levels carbohydrate oxidation was found to be low, suggesting that carbohydrate intolerance could result from the non-oxidation of glucose.	Carbohydrates	72-84	insulin	Homo sapiens	57-64
1121656-4	1975	On the other hand, in 7 obese diabetics with high plasma insulin levels carbohydrate oxidation was found to be low, suggesting that carbohydrate intolerance could result from the non-oxidation of glucose.	Carbohydrates	132-144	insulin	Homo sapiens	57-64
1190941-0	1975	[Plasma levels of insulin, free fatty acids and growth hormone: their relationship with carbohydrate metabolism in thyrotoxicosis].	Carbohydrates	88-100	insulin	Homo sapiens	18-25
1190941-0	1975	[Plasma levels of insulin, free fatty acids and growth hormone: their relationship with carbohydrate metabolism in thyrotoxicosis].	Carbohydrates	88-100	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	48-62
1119116-6	1975	The data obtained suggest that in chronic pancreatitis the leading role in development of carbohydrate metabolism impairements belonged to the quantitative insufficiency of insulin, but not to the qualitative alterations in blood serum, where the ability to inhibite the insulin activity appeared.	Carbohydrates	90-102	insulin	Homo sapiens	173-180
48419-6	1975	Biochemical studies reveal that CEA consists of 60 percent carbohydrate and 40 percent protein.	Carbohydrates	59-71	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	32-35
1110865-4	1975	These studies suggest that the carbohydrate intolerance of cystic fibrosis is consequent upon an impaired insulin response to glucose, but that this insulin deficiency is partly compensated for by increased peripheral tissue sensitivity to insulin.	Carbohydrates	31-43	insulin	Homo sapiens	106-113
1167680-9	1975	The relatively very high capacity of glucose phosphorylation (HK), the high aerobic regeneration of cytoplasmic dehydrogenated NAD (GPDH) and the very low anaerobic regeneration  (LDH), show the unusually high proportion of carbohydrates (glucose) which can be broken down aerobically.	Carbohydrates	224-237	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	62-64
1226977-0	1975	[Conversion of insulin secretion under isocaloric high-carbohydrate or high-fat reducing diets during weight reduction in adipose patients].	Carbohydrates	55-67	insulin	Homo sapiens	15-22
769353-5	1975	The calories should primarily consist of easily-utilizable carbohydrates (concentrated glucose with high doses of insulin), a regimen enabling the administration also of fat emulsions as an additional source of calories even at an early stage.	Carbohydrates	59-72	insulin	Homo sapiens	114-121
4376482-0	1974	Carbohydrate metabolism in aflatoxin B-1 toxicity.	Carbohydrates	0-12	immunoglobulin kappa variable 7-3 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	37-40
4474022-2	1974	The amino acid composition, amino-terminal, and carbohydrate content of beef pancreatic glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase.	Carbohydrates	48-60	insulin	Homo sapiens	100-107
4440823-0	1974	[Changes of carbohydrate metabolism in patients with cancer of the uterine body, according to data of the insulin test].	Carbohydrates	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	106-113
4448181-0	1974	The amino-acid sequence and carbohydrate content of phospholipase A2 from bee venom.	Carbohydrates	28-40	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	52-68
4278309-0	1974	The distribution of carbohydrate in the plasmin resistant core fragments (D,E) of human fibrinogen.	Carbohydrates	20-32	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	88-98
4466808-0	1974	The insulin:glucagon ratio and the secretion of growth hormone after intravenous administration of amino acids and carbohydrates in healthy subjects.	Carbohydrates	115-128	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	48-62
4449797-0	1974	[Content of immunoreactive insulin in the blood plasma of persons of different ages (without carbohydrate metabolic disorders) and the effect on this index of a glucose load].	Carbohydrates	93-105	insulin	Homo sapiens	27-34
4812443-8	1974	On the other hand, when cell size is kept constant, increasing dietary carbohydrate intake is associated with an increased basal rate of glucose metabolism and response to insulin by both small and large adipose cells.	Carbohydrates	71-83	insulin	Homo sapiens	172-179
4812443-9	1974	Thus, the rate of glucose oxidation and the magnitude of the insulin response of large adipose cells from individuals ingesting a high carbohydrate diet may be similar to or greater than that in smaller cells from individuals ingesting an isocaloric lower carbohydrate diet.The alterations in basal glucose metabolism and insulin response observed in adipose tissue from patients with spontaneous obesity are reproduced by weight gain induced experimentally in nonobese volunteers; these metabolic changes are reversible with weight loss.	Carbohydrates	135-147	insulin	Homo sapiens	61-68
4812443-9	1974	Thus, the rate of glucose oxidation and the magnitude of the insulin response of large adipose cells from individuals ingesting a high carbohydrate diet may be similar to or greater than that in smaller cells from individuals ingesting an isocaloric lower carbohydrate diet.The alterations in basal glucose metabolism and insulin response observed in adipose tissue from patients with spontaneous obesity are reproduced by weight gain induced experimentally in nonobese volunteers; these metabolic changes are reversible with weight loss.	Carbohydrates	256-268	insulin	Homo sapiens	61-68
4809638-0	1974	Increased plasma glucose and insulin responses to high-carbohydrate feedings in normal subjects.	Carbohydrates	55-67	insulin	Homo sapiens	29-36
1130123-7	1975	The abnormality of the carbohydrate metabolism in Leprechauism may be due to the delay of insulin-release from pancreatic islets, from the abnormality of insulin receptors, or an abnormality of the biological activity of insulin.	Carbohydrates	23-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	90-97
1130123-7	1975	The abnormality of the carbohydrate metabolism in Leprechauism may be due to the delay of insulin-release from pancreatic islets, from the abnormality of insulin receptors, or an abnormality of the biological activity of insulin.	Carbohydrates	23-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	154-161
1130123-7	1975	The abnormality of the carbohydrate metabolism in Leprechauism may be due to the delay of insulin-release from pancreatic islets, from the abnormality of insulin receptors, or an abnormality of the biological activity of insulin.	Carbohydrates	23-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	154-161
4154353-0	1974	Changes in carbohydrate substrates, amino acids and ammonia in the brain during insulin-induced hypoglycemia.	Carbohydrates	11-23	insulin	Homo sapiens	80-87
4599350-0	1974	Lithium and insulin: effects on carbohydrate and electrolyte metabolism.	Carbohydrates	32-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	12-19
4462054-0	1974	Lipoprotein lipase activity in heart, diaphragm and adipose tissue in rats fed various carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	87-100	lipoprotein lipase	Rattus norvegicus	0-18
4461802-0	1974	Subunit structure and carbohydrate content of bovine adrenal dopamine-beta-hydroxylase.	Carbohydrates	22-34	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Bos taurus	61-86
4361169-0	1973	The carbohydrate moiety of rhodopsin: lectin-binding, chemical modification and fluorescence studies.	Carbohydrates	4-16	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	27-36
4717455-0	1973	Carbohydrate metabolism and acute myocardial infarction: circulating glucose, insulin, cortisol and growth hormone responses and excretion of catecholamines.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	78-85
4205351-4	1973	Analysis of the secreted myeloma protein demonstrated that monomer and dimer IgA molecules are identical with respect to carbohydrate composition and rate of secretion.	Carbohydrates	121-133	CD79A antigen (immunoglobulin-associated alpha)	Mus musculus	77-80
4205351-6	1973	The results support the concept of a stepwise addition of carbohydrate residues to IgA immunoglobulin during the process of secretion.	Carbohydrates	58-70	CD79A antigen (immunoglobulin-associated alpha)	Mus musculus	83-86
4780695-8	1973	The action of vasopressin on hepatic carbohydrate metabolism thus resembles that of glucagon; the minimum effective circulating concentrations of these hormones are of the same order (100pg/ml).	Carbohydrates	37-49	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	14-25
4807586-1	1973	Repercussions on carbohydrate metabolism and liver functions in newborn infants of a beta mimetic treatment (ritodine or Pre Par) administered during pregnancy].	Carbohydrates	17-29	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	83-89
4197425-4	1973	Vomiting was a common factor, and in all carbohydrate reduction occurred with continued or increased daily insulin dose.	Carbohydrates	41-53	insulin	Homo sapiens	107-114
4717455-0	1973	Carbohydrate metabolism and acute myocardial infarction: circulating glucose, insulin, cortisol and growth hormone responses and excretion of catecholamines.	Carbohydrates	0-12	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	100-114
4699981-0	1973	Accessibility of the carbohydrate moiety of rhodopsin.	Carbohydrates	21-33	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	44-53
4683182-0	1973	Role of growth hormone in the alteration of carbohydrate metabolism induced by oral contraceptive agents.	Carbohydrates	44-56	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	8-22
4685092-0	1973	Diurnal patterns of triglycerides, free fatty acids, blood sugar, and insulin during carbohydrate-induction in man and their modification by nocturnal suppression of lipolysis.	Carbohydrates	85-97	insulin	Homo sapiens	70-77
4650682-0	1972	[Effects of combined acute 5-methylpyrazol-3-carbonic acid and insulin loading on the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism parameter in patients with diabetes].	Carbohydrates	86-98	insulin	Homo sapiens	63-70
4573043-0	1973	[Physiopathological correlations between growth hormone and carbohydrate metabolism].	Carbohydrates	60-72	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	41-55
4687951-0	1973	Carbohydrate metabolism in children: (1) blood sugar, serum insulin, and growth hormone during oral glucose tolerance tests; (2) blood sugar during the cortisone glucose tolerance test.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	60-67
4687951-0	1973	Carbohydrate metabolism in children: (1) blood sugar, serum insulin, and growth hormone during oral glucose tolerance tests; (2) blood sugar during the cortisone glucose tolerance test.	Carbohydrates	0-12	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	73-87
24683634-4	1972	The glucagon response to the carbohydrate meal during prompt and super normal hyperinsulinemia resulting from the infusion did not differ from that of the control meal, i.e. normal suppression of glucagon by hyperglycemia was not restored by the abundance of circulating insulin.To determine if still higher plasma levels of insulin would overcome the hyposuppressibility of the diabetic alpha cell to hyperglycemia, 0.6 U. per kilogram per hour of insulin was infused at a constant rate for two hours together with 0.6 gm.	Carbohydrates	29-41	insulin	Homo sapiens	83-90
5047262-0	1972	Partial pancreatectomy and the role of insulin in carbohydrate metabolism in Gallus domesticus.	Carbohydrates	50-62	insulin	Gallus gallus	39-46
4655969-0	1972	Further evaluation of the role of insulin in sodium retention associated with carbohydrate administration after a fast in the obese.	Carbohydrates	78-90	insulin	Homo sapiens	34-41
5018389-0	1972	Effect of low-dose human growth hormone on carbohydrate metabolism in children with hypopituitarism.	Carbohydrates	43-55	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	25-39
5150192-0	1971	Changes in plasma insulin related to the type of dietary carbohydrate in overweight hyperlipidemic male patients.	Carbohydrates	57-69	insulin	Homo sapiens	18-25
5016054-0	1972	Carbohydrate and lipid oxidation in normal human subjects: its influence on glucose tolerance and insulin response to glucose.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	98-105
4143593-3	1971	Insulin output after glucose in patients with atheromatous blocks in large peripheral arteries fell into three categories: (1) normal glucose tolerance and insulin output, the insulin rise (peak/basal ratio) comparing well with the rise in controls; (2) carbohydrate intolerance with a prediabetic pattern of glucose-tolerance test, and raised circulating insulin levels both fasting insulin and after glucose, so that the insulin rise was lower than normal; or (3) the flat insulin responses after glucose that had been noted in small-vessel disease with normal glucose tolerance.	Carbohydrates	254-266	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
5028642-0	1972	The relation of growth hormone to altered carbohydrate metabolism in women taking oral contraceptives.	Carbohydrates	42-54	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	16-30
11946378-0	1972	A beta-mannosidic linkage in the carbohydrate moiety of ovalbumin.	Carbohydrates	33-45	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	0-6
5150192-2	1971	When 75% of the dietary carbohydrate was derived from food containing polysaccharides, the mean plasma insulin response to oral glucose was decreased relative to that seen following complementary diets providing carbohydrate mainly as simple sugars.	Carbohydrates	24-36	insulin	Homo sapiens	103-110
5124579-0	1971	[Studies on glucagon-induced secretion of growth hormone and insulin and its influence on the parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism following surgical stress].	Carbohydrates	108-120	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	42-56
5150192-2	1971	When 75% of the dietary carbohydrate was derived from food containing polysaccharides, the mean plasma insulin response to oral glucose was decreased relative to that seen following complementary diets providing carbohydrate mainly as simple sugars.	Carbohydrates	212-224	insulin	Homo sapiens	103-110
5124579-0	1971	[Studies on glucagon-induced secretion of growth hormone and insulin and its influence on the parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism following surgical stress].	Carbohydrates	108-120	insulin	Homo sapiens	61-68
4329731-0	1971	Effect of pleiotropic carbohydrate mutations (ctr) on tryptophan catabolism.	Carbohydrates	22-34	calcitonin receptor	Homo sapiens	46-49
5107145-0	1971	[Carbohydrate metabolism and hormones in obesity--with special reference to the analysis of reduced glucose tolerance in obesity from the standpoint of serum insulin dynamics].	Carbohydrates	1-13	insulin	Homo sapiens	158-165
5118334-0	1971	Effect of insulin on levels and turnover of intermediates of brain carbohydrate metabolism in vivo.	Carbohydrates	67-79	insulin	Homo sapiens	10-17
4325391-0	1971	The carbohydrate sequence of the glycopeptide chains of human transferrin.	Carbohydrates	4-16	transferrin	Homo sapiens	62-73
5124778-11	1971	The carbohydrate moiety consisted of 0.4g of hexose, 0.77g of hexosamine and 0.18g of sialic acid/100g of vitellogenin.	Carbohydrates	4-16	a1-a	Xenopus laevis	106-118
4346113-0	1971	[Aggravation of carbohydrate tolerance through vasopressin and angiotensin].	Carbohydrates	16-28	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	47-58
4111388-0	1971	Site of inhibition by dicoumarol of prothrombin biosynthesis: carbohydrate content of prothrombin from dicoumarol-treated rats.	Carbohydrates	62-74	coagulation factor II	Rattus norvegicus	36-47
4111388-0	1971	Site of inhibition by dicoumarol of prothrombin biosynthesis: carbohydrate content of prothrombin from dicoumarol-treated rats.	Carbohydrates	62-74	coagulation factor II	Rattus norvegicus	86-97
5480152-0	1970	Studies on the carbohydrate portion of membrane-located mouse H-2 alloantigens.	Carbohydrates	15-27	histocompatibility-2, MHC	Mus musculus	62-65
5003381-0	1971	Comparison of the effects of different carbohydrate administration on plasma free amino acids in relation to blood glucose and plasma insulin responses in abdominal surgery.	Carbohydrates	39-51	insulin	Homo sapiens	134-141
5492253-0	1970	Plasma insulin response to oral carbohydrate in patients with glucose and lactose malabsorption.	Carbohydrates	32-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	7-14
4322244-0	1970	[Changes in the carbohydrate composition of fibrinogen in cases of acquired dysfibrinogenemia].	Carbohydrates	16-28	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	44-54
5516692-2	1970	Influence of subliminal insulin doses on the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism under acute work-load].	Carbohydrates	45-57	insulin	Homo sapiens	24-31
4922765-0	1970	[Effects of growth hormone on carbohydrate metabolism].	Carbohydrates	30-42	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	12-26
4913910-0	1970	Effect of L-asparaginase on carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	28-40	asparaginase and isoaspartyl peptidase 1	Homo sapiens	10-24
5432153-0	1970	Rates of delivery of insulin into plasma in children with varying carbohydrate tolerance.	Carbohydrates	66-78	insulin	Homo sapiens	21-28
5472748-0	1970	[Isolation of enzymes splitting the carbohydrate-peptide bond of the amide type from an extract of a large pond snail].	Carbohydrates	36-48	snail family transcriptional repressor 1	Homo sapiens	112-117
4313498-0	1969	Plasma insulin in disorders of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	31-43	insulin	Homo sapiens	7-14
5527345-0	1970	Plasma insulin response to oral carbohydrate in Cooley"s anaemia.	Carbohydrates	32-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	7-14
4243528-0	1969	Distribution of carbohydrate among the polypeptide chains and plasmin digest products of human fibrinogen.	Carbohydrates	16-28	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	95-105
5383510-0	1969	[Impairment of carbohydrate tolerance by saluretics in diabetics treated with insulin].	Carbohydrates	15-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	78-85
4900073-0	1969	Insulin biosynthesis: effects of carbohydrates and related compounds.	Carbohydrates	33-46	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
5350107-0	1969	Insulin response to carbohydrate ingestion after gastric surgery with special reference to hypoglycaemia.	Carbohydrates	20-32	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
4886767-0	1969	Carbohydrate metabolism in pancreatic islets and the release of insulin.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	64-71
4309041-0	1969	[Extra-adrenal action of ACTH, with special reference to its effect on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism].	Carbohydrates	71-83	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	25-29
5406980-0	1969	[Influence of small doses of human growth hormone on carbohydrate metabolism].	Carbohydrates	53-65	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	35-49
4892444-0	1969	Plasma insulin response to an oral carbohydrate solution.	Carbohydrates	35-47	insulin	Homo sapiens	7-14
4974308-20	1969	Total carbohydrates, protein-bound hexoses, sialic acid, and hexosamine were decreased in the abnormal fibrinogen.	Carbohydrates	6-19	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	103-113
5786094-0	1969	Insulin-induced enhancement of anaphylactoid reaction to a non-carbohydrate antigen.	Carbohydrates	63-75	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
4974308-23	1969	The lower carbohydrate content observed in "Fibrinogen Detroit" may have been the result of a change in primary and tertiary structure of the protein.	Carbohydrates	10-22	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	44-54
5790074-0	1969	Effect of insulin on the metabolism of fat and carbohydrate in growth-onset diabetes with angiolopathy.	Carbohydrates	47-59	insulin	Homo sapiens	10-17
5761867-1	1969	Plasma insulin responses to oral carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	33-45	insulin	Homo sapiens	7-14
5701068-0	1968	[Triglyceride level and insulin concentration in plasma following oral glucose administration in patients with primary carbohydrate-induced hypertriglyceridemia].	Carbohydrates	119-131	insulin	Homo sapiens	24-31
5729120-0	1968	[On the insulin-cortisone relation in carbohydrate and protein metabolism].	Carbohydrates	38-50	insulin	Homo sapiens	8-15
4877988-0	1968	Response of plasma insulin and growth hormone to carbohydrate and protein feeding.	Carbohydrates	49-61	insulin	Homo sapiens	19-26
4877988-0	1968	Response of plasma insulin and growth hormone to carbohydrate and protein feeding.	Carbohydrates	49-61	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	31-45
5740726-0	1968	[Insulin test in acromegalic patients treated by radiation therapy: observations on carbohydrate metabolism and on the function of the diencephalon-adrenal-hypophysis axis].	Carbohydrates	84-96	insulin	Homo sapiens	1-8
16695937-0	1968	The role of adipose cell size and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity in the carbohydrate intolerance of human obesity.	Carbohydrates	76-88	insulin	Homo sapiens	49-56
5690539-6	1968	Transferrin has most of its carbohydrate in a single unit composed of 2 residues of mannose, 2 residues of galactose, 3 residues of N-acetylglucosamine and either 1 or 2 residues of sialic acid.	Carbohydrates	28-40	transferrin	Homo sapiens	0-11
5638680-0	1968	Effect of growth hormone on carbohydrate metabolism in hypopituitary dwarfs.	Carbohydrates	28-40	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	10-24
6061732-1	1967	The level of insulin after an overnight fast (basal) in 37 obese and nonobese male subjects with normal and abnormal carbohydrate tolerance was directly related to the increase in insulin concentration during a 3 hr 100 g oral glucose tolerance test.	Carbohydrates	117-129	insulin	Homo sapiens	13-20
31253034-1	1968	In human beings, addition of protein and fat to a carbohydrate test diet decreases the rise in blood glucose while increasing the level of circulating insulin.	Carbohydrates	50-62	insulin	Homo sapiens	151-158
6042894-0	1967	Carbohydrate metabolism of the normal term newborn: plasma insulin and blood glucose levels during an intravenous glucose tolerance test.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	59-66
4298939-0	1967	Insulin-like activity in experimental tuberculosis and the effect of insulin administration on carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	95-107	insulin	Homo sapiens	69-76
6061732-1	1967	The level of insulin after an overnight fast (basal) in 37 obese and nonobese male subjects with normal and abnormal carbohydrate tolerance was directly related to the increase in insulin concentration during a 3 hr 100 g oral glucose tolerance test.	Carbohydrates	117-129	insulin	Homo sapiens	180-187
6061732-5	1967	The insulin levels of all subjects with normal carbohydrate tolerance promptly rose 5-7-fold, and reached peak values 1 hr after oral glucose.	Carbohydrates	47-59	insulin	Homo sapiens	4-11
6061732-8	1967	Thus increasing degrees of carbohydrate intolerance were associated with decreasing insulin responses.	Carbohydrates	27-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	84-91
6023769-0	1967	Insulin secretion in response to glycemic stimulus: relation of delayed initial release to carbohydrate intolerance in mild diabetes mellitus.	Carbohydrates	91-103	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
6020432-0	1967	The binding of saccharide to crystalline and soluble lysozyme measured directly and through solubility studies.	Carbohydrates	15-25	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	53-61
5970746-0	1966	The effect of prenatal glucose and insulin infusion on carbohydrate metabolism in the newborn.	Carbohydrates	55-67	insulin	Homo sapiens	35-42
4287841-9	1966	When the activity of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase was limited experimentally by a low concentration of NAD(+) or when it was blocked by iodoacetate, the accumulations of fructose diphosphate and triose phosphates were large and accounted for most of the carbohydrate degraded in the presence of AMP.	Carbohydrates	266-278	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	21-61
5328874-0	1966	Effects of insulin on the turnover of plasma carbohydrates and lipids.	Carbohydrates	45-58	insulin	Homo sapiens	11-18
5941205-0	1966	Study of carbohydrate release during the clotting of fibrinogen.	Carbohydrates	9-21	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	53-63
5913893-0	1966	Insulin, epinephrine, and glucagon on the metabolism of carbohydrates at high altitude.	Carbohydrates	56-69	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
5916647-0	1966	Effect of chronic hypoxia on the action of insulin in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	54-66	insulin	Homo sapiens	43-50
17747573-0	1965	Reduction-like Effect of Carbohydrates on Cytochrome c.	Carbohydrates	25-38	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	42-54
4288304-0	1966	Regulatory pattern of liver carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes: insulin as inducer of key glycolytic enzymes.	Carbohydrates	28-40	insulin	Homo sapiens	63-70
17747573-1	1965	Certain carbohydrates cause changes in the absorption spectrum of cytochrome c; these changes are the same as those accompanying conversion from the oxidized to the reduced form.	Carbohydrates	8-21	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	66-78
5826716-0	1964	[The problem of carbohydrate distribution during insulin treatment].	Carbohydrates	16-28	insulin	Homo sapiens	49-56
14343850-0	1965	[THE EFFECT OF SOMATOTROPIN AND CORTISONE ON THE CARBOHYDRATE TOLERANCE IN RATS].	Carbohydrates	49-61	growth hormone 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-27
14285505-0	1965	A REQUIREMENT FOR CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM FOR THE STIMULATION OF AMINO ACID INCORPORATION INTO PROTEIN BY INSULIN.	Carbohydrates	18-30	insulin	Homo sapiens	106-113
14342315-2	1965	ISOLATION OF THE CARBOHYDRATE CHAINS OF HUMAN TRANSFERRIN.	Carbohydrates	17-29	transferrin	Homo sapiens	46-57
5852266-0	1965	[Effect of somatotropin and cortisone on the increase and intensity of inflammatory reactions and carbohydrate tolerance in rats].	Carbohydrates	98-110	growth hormone 1	Rattus norvegicus	11-23
13861460-0	1962	Effect of insulin on carbohydrate metabolism and on potassium in the forearm of man.	Carbohydrates	21-33	insulin	Homo sapiens	10-17
13931697-0	1963	Effect of insulin on the carbohydrate metabolism of smooth muscle.	Carbohydrates	25-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	10-17
13875953-0	1962	The effect of insulin on carbohydrate metabolism in the mammalian liver: a review.	Carbohydrates	25-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	14-21
13928616-0	1962	[Observations on carbohydrate exchange in pituitary dwarfism during prolonged treatment with human somatotropin].	Carbohydrates	17-29	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	99-111
13699991-0	1960	The action of insulin on carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	25-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	14-21
13707223-0	1961	[Changes in the lipoid and carbohydrate metabolism in patients with chronic myelosis under the influence of ACTH and myelosan therapy].	Carbohydrates	27-39	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	108-112
13732540-0	1960	[Further research on the action of vitamin B12 on carbohydrate metabolism].	Carbohydrates	50-62	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3	Homo sapiens	43-46
13617274-0	1959	Quantitative relationship between insulin dosage and amount of carbohydrates utilized in diabetic persons.	Carbohydrates	63-76	insulin	Homo sapiens	34-41
14401058-0	1960	Effects of human growth hormone on levels of blood urinary carbohydrate and fat metabolites in man.	Carbohydrates	59-71	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	17-31
13661386-0	1959	Effects of fasting and insulin on carbohydrate metabolism of the domestic fowl.	Carbohydrates	34-46	insulin	Homo sapiens	23-30
13468538-0	1957	[The role of vitamin B12 in carbohydrate metabolism].	Carbohydrates	28-40	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3	Homo sapiens	21-24
13607764-0	1958	[Qualitative changes in fibrinogen in pathological conditions; the carbohydrate content of fibrinogen; preliminary note].	Carbohydrates	67-79	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	91-101
13496795-0	1957	[Effect of vitamin B12 on carbohydrate metabolism in scarlet fever].	Carbohydrates	26-38	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3	Homo sapiens	19-22
13638281-0	1959	[Effect of ACTH on certain aspects of fat-carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism in dogs].	Carbohydrates	42-54	proopiomelanocortin	Canis lupus familiaris	11-15
13598387-0	1958	[Determination of a direct insulin effect on carbohydrate metabolism in the liver].	Carbohydrates	45-57	insulin	Homo sapiens	27-34
13445843-0	1957	[Effect of ACTH on carbohydrate metabolism and on adrenal cortex].	Carbohydrates	19-31	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	11-15
13451099-0	1957	[Experiences with insulin & carbohydrate-reducing diet in incurable cancer].	Carbohydrates	32-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	18-25
13326489-0	1956	[Effect of vitamin B12 on carbohydrate metabolism; preliminary communication].	Carbohydrates	26-38	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3	Homo sapiens	19-22
13394064-0	1957	Serum proteins and protein bound carbohydrates in rats treated with prolactin.	Carbohydrates	33-46	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	68-77
13292918-0	1956	The preparation of a carbohydrate fraction from prothrombin and its chemical nature.	Carbohydrates	21-33	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	48-59
13215747-0	1954	[The adrenal glands and pregnancy; research on carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism after administration of ACTH].	Carbohydrates	47-59	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	112-116
13329143-0	1955	[Effect of insulin on metabolism of carbohydrates in vitro].	Carbohydrates	36-49	insulin	Homo sapiens	11-18
13159539-0	1953	[Effect of insulin on carbohydrate metabolism; blood phosphoric esters in insulin hypoglycemia in man].	Carbohydrates	22-34	insulin	Homo sapiens	11-18
13177440-0	1954	[Diet problems in diabetic children: effects of a significant increase of carbohydrate intake on glycosuria and insulin needs].	Carbohydrates	74-86	insulin	Homo sapiens	112-119
13143042-0	1954	The influence of vitamin B12 on carbohydrate and lipide metabolism.	Carbohydrates	32-44	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3	Homo sapiens	25-28
13038976-0	1953	The role of growth hormone in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	30-42	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	12-26
13078300-0	1953	[Effects of ACTH and cortisone on carbohydrate metabolism].	Carbohydrates	34-46	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	12-16
13081140-0	1953	Carbohydrate and nitrogen distribution during the activation of purified prothrombin in sodium citrate solution.	Carbohydrates	0-12	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	73-84
13128694-0	1953	[The carbohydrate group in fibrinogen].	Carbohydrates	5-17	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	27-37
14886004-0	1951	Carbohydrate metabolism in insulin-treated chick embryos.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Gallus gallus	27-34
13064416-0	1952	[Observation on carbohydrate metabolism in psoriasis and its relation to ACTH].	Carbohydrates	16-28	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	73-77
13007337-0	1952	The effect of cortisone and ACTH treatment on certain carbohydrate metabolites.	Carbohydrates	54-66	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	28-32
14952480-0	1952	Effect of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) on serum amylase activity and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	75-87	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	39-43
14872847-0	1951	ACTH-induced changes in purine and carbohydrate metabolism in Dalmatian and mongrel dogs.	Carbohydrates	35-47	proopiomelanocortin	Canis lupus familiaris	0-4
19992415-11	1941	Insulin in the diabetic and sugar in the starved switches metabolism from fat to carbohydrate usage very quickly and ketonuria usually disappears in three to six hours.	Carbohydrates	81-93	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
19986202-14	1927	The belief that the pituitary is or was involved is supported by the patient"s history that her head had grown larger, and by the definite constriction of the temporal fields of vision in both eyes.It therefore seems reasonable to conclude that the disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism was not due to disease of the pancreas causing a deficient production of endogenous insulin, but to the antagonistic influence of a hyperactive pituitary gland associated with repeated pregnancies.	Carbohydrates	264-276	insulin	Homo sapiens	372-379
16746317-0	1937	The effect of insulin on carbohydrate formation in the liver.	Carbohydrates	25-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	14-21
19989539-0	1933	New Views on the Metabolism of Carbohydrate and Fat and its Relation to Insulin: some Results with the High Carbohydrate-Low Fat Diet in Diabetes: President"s Address.	Carbohydrates	31-43	insulin	Homo sapiens	72-79
19989539-0	1933	New Views on the Metabolism of Carbohydrate and Fat and its Relation to Insulin: some Results with the High Carbohydrate-Low Fat Diet in Diabetes: President"s Address.	Carbohydrates	108-120	insulin	Homo sapiens	72-79
21407601-0	1940	Studies of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Cases of Insulin Resistance.	Carbohydrates	11-23	insulin	Homo sapiens	47-54
16744609-0	1931	Studies on the metabolism of animals on a carbohydrate-free diet: Variations in the sensitivity towards insulin of different species of animals on carbohydrate-free diets.	Carbohydrates	42-54	insulin	Homo sapiens	104-111
33528904-0	2021	Reducing the Need for Carbohydrate Counting in Type 1 Diabetes using Closed-Loop Automated Insulin Delivery (Artificial Pancreas) and Empagliflozin: A Randomised Controlled Non-Inferiority Crossover Pilot Trial.	Carbohydrates	22-34	insulin	Homo sapiens	91-98
20315721-0	1926	The Action of Insulin on Carbohydrate Metabolism.	Carbohydrates	25-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	14-21
16743349-0	1924	The Relationship of Phosphates to Carbohydrate Metabolism: Time Relationship of the Changes in Phosphate Excretion caused by Insulin and Sugar.	Carbohydrates	34-46	insulin	Homo sapiens	125-132
33528904-7	2021	Use of empagliflozin on the background of automated insulin delivery with carbohydrate counting was associated with lower mean glucose, corresponding to a 14% greater time in target range.	Carbohydrates	74-86	insulin	Homo sapiens	52-59
33955172-4	2021	We report herein the conjugation of commonly prescribed NSAIDs to glucosamine hydrochloride and the use of molecular docking to show that addition of the carbohydrate moiety to the parent NSAID can enhance binding in the active site of COX-2.	Carbohydrates	154-166	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	236-241
33907835-8	2021	The expression of GOLPH3 and NLRP3 was associated with the expression of the proliferative marker Ki-67 in tissues, and associated with poor survival, tumor stage, degree of differentiation, depth of invasion, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and C-reactive protein levels in patients with GBC.	Carbohydrates	210-222	golgi phosphoprotein 3	Homo sapiens	18-24
33907835-8	2021	The expression of GOLPH3 and NLRP3 was associated with the expression of the proliferative marker Ki-67 in tissues, and associated with poor survival, tumor stage, degree of differentiation, depth of invasion, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and C-reactive protein levels in patients with GBC.	Carbohydrates	210-222	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	29-34
34044894-10	2021	More than half of all programs administer a CHO-containing beverage to patients with diabetes, and surprisingly, there is significant use of simple carbohydrate beverages in patients with diabetes receiving insulin.	Carbohydrates	148-160	insulin	Homo sapiens	207-214
34048731-2	2021	Carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) is an established objective marker of excessive alcohol consumption, but data on its prospective association with CVD are lacking.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
34028700-1	2021	INTRODUCTION: Smartphone applications (apps) have been designed that help patients to accurately count their carbohydrate intake in order to optimize prandial insulin dose matching.	Carbohydrates	109-121	insulin	Homo sapiens	159-166
34021470-2	2021	ChREBP is highly localized in the liver, where it upregulates the expression of genes that code for glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes, resulting in the conversion of excess carbohydrate into storage fat.	Carbohydrates	172-184	MLX interacting protein-like	Mus musculus	0-6
34034353-1	2021	AIM: Correct estimation of meal carbohydrate content is a prerequisite for successful intensified insulin therapy in patients with diabetes.	Carbohydrates	32-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	98-105
33989779-5	2021	Deletion of fatty acid synthetase (FASN) abolished H3K9Bu in cells maintained in a glucose-rich, but not fatty acid-rich, medium, signifying that fatty acid synthesis from carbohydrates substitutes for dietary fat as a source butyryl-CoA.	Carbohydrates	172-185	fatty acid synthase	Mus musculus	12-33
33989779-5	2021	Deletion of fatty acid synthetase (FASN) abolished H3K9Bu in cells maintained in a glucose-rich, but not fatty acid-rich, medium, signifying that fatty acid synthesis from carbohydrates substitutes for dietary fat as a source butyryl-CoA.	Carbohydrates	172-185	fatty acid synthase	Mus musculus	35-39
33560565-4	2021	It was found that W2476 promotes competitive binding of FOXO1 (Forkhead box O1 transcription factor) to the carbohydrate response element (ChoRE) sequence associated with ChREBP (ChoRE-binding protein)/Mlx (Mlx interacting protein like) complexes.	Carbohydrates	108-120	MLX interacting protein-like	Mus musculus	171-177
33636501-0	2021	Electrochemical sensor for the assessment of carbohydrate deficient transferrin: Application to diagnosis of congenital disorders of glycosilation.	Carbohydrates	45-57	transferrin	Homo sapiens	68-79
33636501-1	2021	Carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) is used as biomarker of different health problems as, for example, congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG).	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
33636501-2	2021	We propose a screen-printed-based electrochemical sensor for the determination of carbohydrate deficient transferrin using an Os (VI) tag-based electrochemistry.	Carbohydrates	82-94	transferrin	Homo sapiens	105-116
33636501-3	2021	When transferrin is labeled with Os (VI) complex, it generates two voltammetric signals: one from carbohydrates (electrochemical signal of osmium (VI) complex at -0.9 V/Ag) and one from the amino acids present in glycoprotein (intrinsic electrochemical signal of glycoprotein at +0.8 V/Ag).	Carbohydrates	98-111	transferrin	Homo sapiens	5-16
33560565-4	2021	It was found that W2476 promotes competitive binding of FOXO1 (Forkhead box O1 transcription factor) to the carbohydrate response element (ChoRE) sequence associated with ChREBP (ChoRE-binding protein)/Mlx (Mlx interacting protein like) complexes.	Carbohydrates	108-120	MLX interacting protein-like	Mus musculus	179-200
33560565-4	2021	It was found that W2476 promotes competitive binding of FOXO1 (Forkhead box O1 transcription factor) to the carbohydrate response element (ChoRE) sequence associated with ChREBP (ChoRE-binding protein)/Mlx (Mlx interacting protein like) complexes.	Carbohydrates	108-120	MLX interacting protein-like	Mus musculus	207-236
33922161-1	2021	Pasta is a carbohydrate-rich food with a low glycemic index (GI) and is one of the main sources of slowly digestible starch (SDS).	Carbohydrates	11-23	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
33711406-8	2021	RESULTS: The total carbohydrate content of the biofilm was the lowest for the 2% and 4% Arg-NaF (p < 0.05).	Carbohydrates	19-31	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	92-95
33544927-6	2021	Cross-elicitation experiments between MLG43 and the carbohydrate MAMP chitohexaose [beta-1,4-D-(GlcNAc)6 ], that is also perceived by these LysM PRRs, indicated that the mechanism of MLG43 recognition could differ from that of chitohexaose, that is fully impaired in cerk1 and lyk4 lyk5 plants.	Carbohydrates	52-64	Protein kinase superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	282-286
33914197-1	2021	BACKGROUND: In a randomised, counterbalanced, crossover design, eight men with type 1 diabetes (T1D; mean +- SD age, 27.6 +- 11.4 years) reduced insulin (INS) by 50% of their normal dose or consumed carbohydrates equivalent to 1 g of carbohydrate per kilogramme of their body weight without the usual insulin bolus (CARBS) over two sessions, held a week apart.	Carbohydrates	199-212	insulin	Homo sapiens	145-152
33914197-1	2021	BACKGROUND: In a randomised, counterbalanced, crossover design, eight men with type 1 diabetes (T1D; mean +- SD age, 27.6 +- 11.4 years) reduced insulin (INS) by 50% of their normal dose or consumed carbohydrates equivalent to 1 g of carbohydrate per kilogramme of their body weight without the usual insulin bolus (CARBS) over two sessions, held a week apart.	Carbohydrates	199-211	insulin	Homo sapiens	145-152
33914197-1	2021	BACKGROUND: In a randomised, counterbalanced, crossover design, eight men with type 1 diabetes (T1D; mean +- SD age, 27.6 +- 11.4 years) reduced insulin (INS) by 50% of their normal dose or consumed carbohydrates equivalent to 1 g of carbohydrate per kilogramme of their body weight without the usual insulin bolus (CARBS) over two sessions, held a week apart.	Carbohydrates	316-321	insulin	Homo sapiens	145-152
33922676-8	2021	In conclusion, in mid-lactation, the two species responded differently to dietary carbohydrates, probably due to differences in the concentration of GH and insulin.	Carbohydrates	82-95	somatotropin-like	Capra hircus	149-151
33922676-8	2021	In conclusion, in mid-lactation, the two species responded differently to dietary carbohydrates, probably due to differences in the concentration of GH and insulin.	Carbohydrates	82-95	insulin	Capra hircus	156-163
33922802-10	2021	These results underline the potential for meal replacement-based lifestyle interventions in diabetes prevention, and measurement of insulin levels may serve as an indicator for adherence to carbohydrate restriction.	Carbohydrates	190-202	insulin	Homo sapiens	132-139
33838709-1	2021	The neuropeptide adipokinetic hormone (AKH) binds to the AKH receptor (AKHR) to regulate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	89-101	adipokinetic hormone	Bactrocera dorsalis	17-37
33933676-3	2021	However, we show here that in contrast to canonical NRF2 activation, prolonged non-canonical NRF2 activation via p62-mediated sequestration of KEAP1 increases carbohydrate flux through the polyol pathway, resulting in a pro-diabetic shift in glucose homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	159-171	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	93-97
33933676-3	2021	However, we show here that in contrast to canonical NRF2 activation, prolonged non-canonical NRF2 activation via p62-mediated sequestration of KEAP1 increases carbohydrate flux through the polyol pathway, resulting in a pro-diabetic shift in glucose homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	159-171	kelch like ECH associated protein 1	Homo sapiens	143-148
33930463-0	2021	NF-kappaB p65 regulates hepatic lipogenesis by promoting nuclear entry of ChREBP in response to a high carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	103-115	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	74-80
33930463-3	2021	The mechanisms responsible for the increase in hepatic DNL due to overconsumption of carbohydrate diet are less than clear; however, literatures suggest high carbohydrate diet to activate the lipogenic transcription factor carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP), which further transcribes genes involved in DNL.	Carbohydrates	158-170	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	223-268
33930463-3	2021	The mechanisms responsible for the increase in hepatic DNL due to overconsumption of carbohydrate diet are less than clear; however, literatures suggest high carbohydrate diet to activate the lipogenic transcription factor carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP), which further transcribes genes involved in DNL.	Carbohydrates	158-170	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	270-276
33930463-5	2021	Our data indicates high carbohydrate diet to enforce nuclear shuttling of hepatic NF-kappaB p65 and repress transcript levels of Sorcin, a cytosolic interacting partner of ChREBP.	Carbohydrates	24-36	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	172-178
33930463-7	2021	We further report that pharmacological inhibition of NF-kappaB, abrogated high carbohydrate diet-mediated sorcin repression, and thereby prevented ChREBP nuclear translocation and this, in turn, attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation both in in vitro and in vivo.	Carbohydrates	79-91	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	53-62
33930463-7	2021	We further report that pharmacological inhibition of NF-kappaB, abrogated high carbohydrate diet-mediated sorcin repression, and thereby prevented ChREBP nuclear translocation and this, in turn, attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation both in in vitro and in vivo.	Carbohydrates	79-91	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	147-153
33930463-9	2021	Together, these data suggest a heretofore unknown role for NF-kappaB in regulating ChREBP nuclear localization, and activation, in response to high carbohydrate diet, for further explorations in lines of NAFLD therapeutics.	Carbohydrates	148-160	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	59-68
33930463-9	2021	Together, these data suggest a heretofore unknown role for NF-kappaB in regulating ChREBP nuclear localization, and activation, in response to high carbohydrate diet, for further explorations in lines of NAFLD therapeutics.	Carbohydrates	148-160	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	83-89
33926804-7	2021	RESULTS: Preoperative oral intake of carbohydrate had no effect on blood glucose (P > .05) but decreased insulin resistance at the postoperative 24th hour (P = .044; intervention and control group: 3.62 +- 3.44 to 8.16 +- 12.57 respectively) and cortisol level at the postoperative 2nd hour (P = .005; intervention and control group: 15.16 +- 6.53 mg/dl to 20.14 +- 7.49 mg/dl, respectively).	Carbohydrates	37-49	insulin	Homo sapiens	105-112
33926804-10	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Oral intake of liquid carbohydrate given at the preoperative 2nd hour decreased postoperative stress response through insulin resistance and cortisol.	Carbohydrates	35-47	insulin	Homo sapiens	131-138
33891704-10	2021	We further showed that hemocyanins bind to human MR and DC-SIGN in a carbohydrate-dependent manner with affinity constants in the physiological concentration range.	Carbohydrates	69-81	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	56-63
33891658-10	2021	GP5 and M lacking acylation sites form dimers and GP5 acquires Endo-H resistant carbohydrates in the Golgi apparatus suggesting that trafficking of the membrane proteins to budding sites is not disturbed.	Carbohydrates	80-93	glycoprotein V platelet	Homo sapiens	50-53
33371706-3	2021	OBJECTIVES: the objective was to determine, evaluate, and compare with the current scientific recommendations the consumption of carbohydrates, water, and sodium by participants in a trail-running event.	Carbohydrates	129-142	TNF superfamily member 10	Homo sapiens	183-188
33879316-7	2021	Proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism showed altered expression in the mutant intestine, and gut-specific overexpression of a lysosomal mannosidase increased autophagy, gut homeostasis, and lifespan.	Carbohydrates	21-33	Lysosomal alpha-mannosidase II	Drosophila melanogaster	133-154
33620233-2	2021	OBJECTIVE: we evaluated the effect of polymorphism rs266729 of ADIPOQ gene on biochemical changes and weight loss after a high-protein/low-carbohydrate diet vs a standard severe hypocaloric diet during 9 months.	Carbohydrates	139-151	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	63-69
33831317-0	2021	Interactive effects of acute exercise and carbohydrate-energy replacement on insulin sensitivity in healthy adults.	Carbohydrates	42-54	insulin	Homo sapiens	77-84
33919503-7	2021	In summary, we demonstrated that a low-carbohydrate diet is a successful short-term approach for weight loss in morbidly obese patients and a feasible alternative to the Mediterranean diet for its glucometabolic benefits, including improvements in insulin resistance, insulin clearance and beta-cell function.	Carbohydrates	39-51	insulin	Homo sapiens	248-255
33919503-7	2021	In summary, we demonstrated that a low-carbohydrate diet is a successful short-term approach for weight loss in morbidly obese patients and a feasible alternative to the Mediterranean diet for its glucometabolic benefits, including improvements in insulin resistance, insulin clearance and beta-cell function.	Carbohydrates	39-51	insulin	Homo sapiens	268-275
33852013-10	2021	CONCLUSIONS: We report significant differences in rCBF in adults assigned to diets varying in carbohydrate content for several months, which appear to be partially associated with insulin secretion.	Carbohydrates	94-106	insulin	Homo sapiens	180-187
33831317-7	2021	These data suggest that improvements to insulin sensitivity in healthy populations following acute moderate/vigorous intensity endurance exercise may be dependent on the presence of a carbohydrate-energy deficit.	Carbohydrates	184-196	insulin	Homo sapiens	40-47
33831317-8	2021	NOVELTY   Restoration of carbohydrate balance following acute endurance exercise attenuated whole-body insulin sensitivity   Exercise per se failed to enhance whole-body insulin sensitivity   Maximizing or prolonging the post-exercise carbohydrate deficit may enhance acute benefits to insulin sensitivity.	Carbohydrates	25-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	103-110
33249593-1	2021	OBJECTIVE: Previous studies suggested that recombinant human IGF-1 (rhIGF-1) administration affects carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in healthy people and in people with diabetes.	Carbohydrates	100-112	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	61-66
33399988-1	2021	BACKGROUND: Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) plays a role in homeostasis of bile acid, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	92-104	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4	Mus musculus	12-32
33399988-1	2021	BACKGROUND: Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) plays a role in homeostasis of bile acid, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	92-104	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4	Mus musculus	34-37
33752148-0	2021	Effects of preoperative oral single-dose and double-dose carbohydrates on insulin resistance in patients undergoing gastrectomy:a prospective randomized controlled trial.	Carbohydrates	57-70	insulin	Homo sapiens	74-81
33687147-5	2021	Additionally, it was found that this peptide inhibits insulin hot spot aggregation, which may indicate its universal utility in inhibiting the process of aggregation of hormones regulating carbohydrate metabolism directly related to the development of diabetes.	Carbohydrates	189-201	insulin	Homo sapiens	54-61
33536195-7	2021	However, mCK-hLPL mice oxidized more fat throughout weight regain and had greater expression of genes involved in fat metabolism and lower expression of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism during WLM and regain.	Carbohydrates	171-183	creatine kinase, muscle	Mus musculus	9-12
33931977-1	2021	Understanding how automated insulin delivery (AID) algorithm features impact glucose control under full closed loop delivery represents a critical step toward reducing patient burden by eliminating the need for carbohydrate entries at mealtimes.	Carbohydrates	211-223	insulin	Homo sapiens	28-35
33638612-7	2021	Low-fat diet-induced weight loss reduced soluble NEP levels from 0.83 +- 0.18 to 0.72 +- 0.18 mug/L (P = 0.038), while subcutaneous adipose tissue NEP mRNA expression was reduced by both dietary interventions [21% (P = 0.0057) by low-fat diet and 16% (P = 0.048) by low-carbohydrate diet].	Carbohydrates	270-282	membrane metalloendopeptidase	Homo sapiens	147-150
33024285-2	2021	For this study, we tested the hypothesis that higher fasting insulin, a marker for insulin resistance, would be related to diet patterns with a high proportion of carbohydrates, those with a high glycemic index, and those characterized by added sugar and processed starches.	Carbohydrates	163-176	insulin	Homo sapiens	61-68
33024285-2	2021	For this study, we tested the hypothesis that higher fasting insulin, a marker for insulin resistance, would be related to diet patterns with a high proportion of carbohydrates, those with a high glycemic index, and those characterized by added sugar and processed starches.	Carbohydrates	163-176	insulin	Homo sapiens	83-90
33024285-7	2021	RESULT: Greater percent carbohydrate, glycemic index, and glycemic load, and adherence to sweets/fat and southern diet patterns, was associated with greater odds for high insulin (P for trend <0.05 to <0.0001), whereas adherence to the plant-based and alcohol/salad patterns was associated with lower odds for high insulin (P for linear trend <0.0001).	Carbohydrates	24-36	insulin	Homo sapiens	171-178
33838849-3	2021	The insulin-carbohydrate model of obesity has been proposed as an explanation for growing obesity rates and can be used to target weight loss strategies by increasing insulin sensitivity.	Carbohydrates	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	4-11
33838849-3	2021	The insulin-carbohydrate model of obesity has been proposed as an explanation for growing obesity rates and can be used to target weight loss strategies by increasing insulin sensitivity.	Carbohydrates	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	167-174
33838849-4	2021	Together, low-carbohydrate dietary patterns along with intermittent fasting may help individuals with insulin resistance not only lose weight but also increase their insulin sensitivity.	Carbohydrates	14-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	102-109
33838849-4	2021	Together, low-carbohydrate dietary patterns along with intermittent fasting may help individuals with insulin resistance not only lose weight but also increase their insulin sensitivity.	Carbohydrates	14-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	166-173
33829033-8	2021	The indices of insulin secretion correlated positively with fat intake and negatively with the intake of fish, carbohydrate calories, and dietary fiber.	Carbohydrates	111-123	insulin	Homo sapiens	15-22
33832770-3	2021	It is the aim of this paper, to understand and review the data on the role of carbohydrate as pertaining to weight, insulin resistance, diabetes, inflammation, lipids, as well as epidemiological data on long-term cardiovascular outcome and all-cause mortality.	Carbohydrates	78-90	insulin	Homo sapiens	116-123
33625427-0	2021	Cholesteryl glucosides signal through the carbohydrate recognition domain of the macrophage inducible C-type lectin (mincle).	Carbohydrates	42-54	C-type lectin domain family 4 member E	Homo sapiens	81-115
33625427-0	2021	Cholesteryl glucosides signal through the carbohydrate recognition domain of the macrophage inducible C-type lectin (mincle).	Carbohydrates	42-54	C-type lectin domain family 4 member E	Homo sapiens	117-123
33625427-3	2021	Herein, we prepared the first library of steryl d-glucosides and determined that they preferentially signal through the carbohydrate recognition domain of human Mincle, rather than the amino acid consensus motif.	Carbohydrates	120-132	C-type lectin domain family 4 member E	Homo sapiens	161-167
33560857-1	2021	With 28 potential N-glycosylation sites, human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) bears an extreme amount of N-linked glycosylation, and approximately 60% of its molecular mass can be attributed to its carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	198-211	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	47-71
33560857-1	2021	With 28 potential N-glycosylation sites, human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) bears an extreme amount of N-linked glycosylation, and approximately 60% of its molecular mass can be attributed to its carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	198-211	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	73-76
33560857-3	2021	CEA displays an impressive heterogeneity and variability in sugar content; however, site-specific distribution of carbohydrate structures has not been reported so far.	Carbohydrates	114-126	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
33538705-5	2021	In the present study, we find that Chrebp mRNA is expressed in mouse adrenal glands and that ChREBP binds to carbohydrate response elements.	Carbohydrates	109-121	MLX interacting protein-like	Mus musculus	93-99
33462845-3	2021	Chromium has an essential role in the metabolism of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates through increasing insulin efficiency.	Carbohydrates	74-87	insulin	Homo sapiens	107-114
33449919-2	2021	Acarbose-induced transfer of carbohydrates to the distal parts of the intestine increases circulating glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1).	Carbohydrates	29-42	glucagon	Homo sapiens	102-125
33449919-2	2021	Acarbose-induced transfer of carbohydrates to the distal parts of the intestine increases circulating glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1).	Carbohydrates	29-42	glucagon	Homo sapiens	127-132
33687373-4	2021	We have found a higher prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors in SA compared with other populations; in particular abdominal obesity, caused by an unhealthy diet rich in refined carbohydrates and saturated fats, plays a key role in the development of insulin-resistance, diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension, leading to the increase risk of CAD in SA.	Carbohydrates	193-206	insulin	Homo sapiens	266-273
33119135-5	2021	Insulin dose for high- and low-GI test meals were determined by using the carbohydrate counting and food insulin index algorithms.	Carbohydrates	74-86	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
33119135-7	2021	RESULTS: Compared with carbohydrate counting, the food insulin index algorithm significantly decreased peak glucose excursion (-57%, p = 0.02), incremental area under the curve (-65%, p = 0.02) and coefficient variation of blood glucose (-37%, p = 0.03) in the high-GI meal, though there was no difference between two algorithms in the low-GI meal.	Carbohydrates	23-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	55-62
33842242-1	2021	Background: Ratio of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level to total bilirubin (CA19-9/TB) is used to reduce the influence of obstructive jaundice on the concentration of CA19-9, thereby determining the correlation between CA19-9/TB and tumor recurrence or long-term prognosis of patients with pancreatic head cancer (PHC).	Carbohydrates	21-33	tyrosinase related protein 1	Homo sapiens	73-82
33842242-1	2021	Background: Ratio of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level to total bilirubin (CA19-9/TB) is used to reduce the influence of obstructive jaundice on the concentration of CA19-9, thereby determining the correlation between CA19-9/TB and tumor recurrence or long-term prognosis of patients with pancreatic head cancer (PHC).	Carbohydrates	21-33	tyrosinase related protein 1	Homo sapiens	216-225
31608650-7	2021	Blood sugar output is similar to other models and incorporates the current blood sugar, insulin on board (IOB) and carbohydrates on board (COB), and insulin and carbohydrate sensitivities.	Carbohydrates	6-11	insulin	Homo sapiens	88-95
31608650-7	2021	Blood sugar output is similar to other models and incorporates the current blood sugar, insulin on board (IOB) and carbohydrates on board (COB), and insulin and carbohydrate sensitivities.	Carbohydrates	6-11	insulin	Homo sapiens	149-156
33732212-0	2021	Insulin Requirements and Carbohydrate to Insulin Ratio in Normal Weight, Overweight, and Obese Women With Type 1 Diabetes Under Pump Treatment During Pregnancy: A Lesson From Old Technologies.	Carbohydrates	25-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	41-48
33596508-0	2021	Adiponectin/leptin ratio increases after a 12-week very low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet, and exercise training in healthy individuals: A non-randomized, parallel design study.	Carbohydrates	60-72	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	0-11
33480417-0	2021	Mobility shift-based electrophoresis coupled with fluorescent detection enables real-time enzyme analysis of carbohydrate sulfatase activity.	Carbohydrates	109-121	arylsulfatase family member H	Homo sapiens	122-131
33480417-5	2021	In this paper, we describe the development of rapid capillary electrophoresis coupled to substrate fluorescence detection as a high-throughput and facile means of analysing carbohydrate sulfatase activity.	Carbohydrates	173-185	arylsulfatase family member H	Homo sapiens	186-195
33563551-1	2021	OBJECTIVES: Current knowledge of the link between dietary carbohydrate intake and insulin regulation in individuals after an attack of pancreatitis is limited.	Carbohydrates	58-70	insulin	Homo sapiens	82-89
33563551-2	2021	We aimed to investigate the associations between dietary carbohydrate intake and insulin traits in post-pancreatitis versus healthy individuals, taking into account intrapancreatic fat deposition (IPFD).	Carbohydrates	57-69	insulin	Homo sapiens	81-88
33563551-12	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Dietary carbohydrate intake is differentially associated with insulin traits in individuals after an attack of pancreatitis and the associations are modified by IPFD.	Carbohydrates	21-33	insulin	Homo sapiens	75-82
33596122-3	2021	Peroxisome-proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), in particular PPARdelta and PPARgamma, are involved in the regulation of lipids and carbohydrates and, along adenosine-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and protein kinase B (Akt/PKB), are implicated in translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4).	Carbohydrates	137-150	peroxisome proliferator activator receptor delta	Mus musculus	67-76
33632285-0	2021	Spontaneous improvement of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in PMM2-CDG without mannose observed in CDG natural history study.	Carbohydrates	27-39	transferrin	Homo sapiens	50-61
33708999-6	2021	High carbohydrate and fat feeding led to hyperinsulinemic status with reduced acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity and impaired phosphorylation of IRS1 along with increased lactate concentrations in the muscle.	Carbohydrates	5-17	insulin receptor substrate 1	Rattus norvegicus	149-153
33888413-1	2021	OBJECTIVES: A fully automated insulin-pramlintide-glucagon artificial pancreas that alleviates the burden of carbohydrate counting without degrading glycemic control was iteratively enhanced until convergence through pilot experiments on adults with type 1 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	109-121	insulin	Homo sapiens	30-37
33888413-1	2021	OBJECTIVES: A fully automated insulin-pramlintide-glucagon artificial pancreas that alleviates the burden of carbohydrate counting without degrading glycemic control was iteratively enhanced until convergence through pilot experiments on adults with type 1 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	109-121	glucagon	Homo sapiens	50-58
33596122-3	2021	Peroxisome-proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), in particular PPARdelta and PPARgamma, are involved in the regulation of lipids and carbohydrates and, along adenosine-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and protein kinase B (Akt/PKB), are implicated in translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4).	Carbohydrates	137-150	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	246-253
33596122-3	2021	Peroxisome-proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), in particular PPARdelta and PPARgamma, are involved in the regulation of lipids and carbohydrates and, along adenosine-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and protein kinase B (Akt/PKB), are implicated in translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4).	Carbohydrates	137-150	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4	Mus musculus	291-312
33596122-3	2021	Peroxisome-proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), in particular PPARdelta and PPARgamma, are involved in the regulation of lipids and carbohydrates and, along adenosine-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and protein kinase B (Akt/PKB), are implicated in translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4).	Carbohydrates	137-150	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4	Mus musculus	314-319
33278555-6	2021	Some carbohydrate metabolic genes regulated by FoxO1 in mammals were not included in the list.	Carbohydrates	5-17	forkhead box protein O1-A	Takifugu rubripes	47-52
33534538-4	2021	In the first stage, carbohydrate fragments, which contain only glycans and thus are conserved within a GSL species, are directly matched to yield a species identification.	Carbohydrates	20-32	cathepsin A	Homo sapiens	103-106
33580170-4	2021	We therefore developed an inhibitory murine monoclonal anti-Gal3 carbohydrate-binding domain antibody, 14D11, which bound human and mouse Gal3 but did not bind human Galectins-1, -7, -8 or -9.	Carbohydrates	65-77	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	138-142
33588719-8	2021	In contrast, TFF2 binds as a lectin to a conserved O-linked carbohydrate moiety of the mucin MUC6.	Carbohydrates	60-72	trefoil factor 2	Homo sapiens	13-17
33673074-1	2021	The C. elegans insulin/IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1) signaling mutant daf-2 recapitulates the dauer metabolic signature-a shift towards lipid and carbohydrate accumulation-which may be linked to its longevity and stress resistance phenotypes.	Carbohydrates	153-165	Insulin-like receptor subunit beta;Protein kinase domain-containing protein;Receptor protein-tyrosine kinase	Caenorhabditis elegans	77-82
33561956-10	2021	Moreover, the problem areas for patients with T2DM mostly included multi-step calculations according to food label interpretations, and adequate insulin dosage based on current blood glucose levels and carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	202-214	insulin	Homo sapiens	145-152
33130055-9	2021	Among CDGs, Colec10, Lumican and Decorin, were the most strongly down-regulated genes and the corresponding proteins impact on the interaction of LSECs with chemokines, ECM components and carbohydrate structures.	Carbohydrates	188-200	collectin sub-family member 10	Mus musculus	12-19
33613825-12	2021	SR-FTIR results demonstrated that the presence of LPS plus IFN-gamma in RAW264.7 cells associated with the increase of amide I/amide II ratio (contributing to the alteration of secondary protein structure) and lipid content, whereas glycogen and other carbohydrate content were decreased.	Carbohydrates	252-264	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	59-68
32833544-1	2021	BACKGROUND: People with type 1 diabetes estimate meal carbohydrate content to accurately dose insulin, yet protein and fat content of meals also influences post-prandial glycemia.	Carbohydrates	54-66	insulin	Homo sapiens	94-101
33535094-3	2021	shows that the impairment of insulin sensitivity by sucralose in combination with carbohydrate may be explained by the carbohydrate component rather than the low-calorie sweetener.	Carbohydrates	82-94	insulin	Homo sapiens	29-36
33535094-3	2021	shows that the impairment of insulin sensitivity by sucralose in combination with carbohydrate may be explained by the carbohydrate component rather than the low-calorie sweetener.	Carbohydrates	119-131	insulin	Homo sapiens	29-36
33278960-7	2021	Furthermore, carbohydrate microarray analyses showed a strain-associated LPS recognition by the immune lectins DC-SIGN and galectin-3 and revealed distinctive LPS binding patterns by IgG antibodies in the serum from H. pylori-infected patients.	Carbohydrates	13-25	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	111-118
33450656-0	2021	A carbohydrate-restricted diet for patients with irritable bowel syndrome lowers serum C-peptide, insulin, and leptin without any correlation with symptom reduction.	Carbohydrates	2-14	insulin	Homo sapiens	98-105
33293347-8	2021	The carbohydrate-regulated lipogenic transcription factor ChREBP was increased in subjects with NAFLD.	Carbohydrates	4-16	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	58-64
33479499-1	2021	The carbohydrate-insulin model of obesity posits that high-carbohydrate diets lead to excess insulin secretion, thereby promoting fat accumulation and increasing energy intake.	Carbohydrates	4-16	insulin	Homo sapiens	17-24
33479499-1	2021	The carbohydrate-insulin model of obesity posits that high-carbohydrate diets lead to excess insulin secretion, thereby promoting fat accumulation and increasing energy intake.	Carbohydrates	59-71	insulin	Homo sapiens	17-24
33479499-8	2021	Therefore, the predictions of the carbohydrate-insulin model were inconsistent with our observations.	Carbohydrates	34-46	insulin	Homo sapiens	47-54
33450656-7	2021	The change in carbohydrate intake, adjusted for weight, was associated with a decrease in C-peptide (beta: 14.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.12-24.75) and insulin (beta: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.04-0.32) levels.	Carbohydrates	14-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	160-167
33328284-0	2021	Carbohydrate Requirements for Prolonged, Fasted Exercise With and Without Basal Rate Reductions in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes on Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	154-161
33530257-0	2021	Evaluation of the diagnostic utility of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in chronic alcoholism: Results from Southwest China.	Carbohydrates	40-52	transferrin	Homo sapiens	63-74
33515092-0	2021	Co-ingestion of NUTRALYS  pea protein and a high-carbohydrate beverage influences the glycaemic, insulinaemic, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) responses: preliminary results of a randomised controlled trial.	Carbohydrates	49-61	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	157-160
33515092-0	2021	Co-ingestion of NUTRALYS  pea protein and a high-carbohydrate beverage influences the glycaemic, insulinaemic, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) responses: preliminary results of a randomised controlled trial.	Carbohydrates	49-61	glucagon	Homo sapiens	166-189
33515092-0	2021	Co-ingestion of NUTRALYS  pea protein and a high-carbohydrate beverage influences the glycaemic, insulinaemic, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) responses: preliminary results of a randomised controlled trial.	Carbohydrates	49-61	glucagon	Homo sapiens	191-196
33530257-1	2021	ABSTRACT: Although recent gathered evidence indicates that obtaining the diagnostic value of serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin might be more useful for identifying alcohol abuse than other widely available biochemical tests; however, its precise value as an indicator of chronic alcoholism is unclear.	Carbohydrates	99-111	transferrin	Homo sapiens	122-133
33530257-2	2021	The main objective is to investigate the diagnostic significance of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in chronic alcoholism in the Chinese population.In this study, we enrolled (1) 52 physically healthy subjects, (2) 20 patients with nonalcoholic liver disease, and (3) 70 alcoholics.	Carbohydrates	68-80	transferrin	Homo sapiens	91-102
33301288-4	2021	By exploring the relationship between the assembly of PTK7 and lipid rafts, actin cytoskeleton, and carbohydrate chains on the membrane, the unique distribution of PTK7 on disparate membranes is revealed to be probably because of the varied dominant position of these three factors.	Carbohydrates	100-112	protein tyrosine kinase 7 (inactive)	Homo sapiens	164-168
33393511-1	2021	Carbohydrate restriction, used since the 1700s to prolong survival in people with diabetes, fell out of favor after the discovery of insulin.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	133-140
33249079-1	2021	Glucose production and the consumption of high levels of carbohydrate increase the chance of insulin resistance, especially in cases of obesity.	Carbohydrates	57-69	insulin	Homo sapiens	93-100
33455438-0	2022	Effect of low-carbohydrate diet on adiponectin level in adults: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.	Carbohydrates	14-26	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	35-46
33455438-9	2022	Dose-response analysis indicated a nonlinear association between the percentage of carbohydrate and change in adiponectin level from baseline (P = 0.04).	Carbohydrates	83-95	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	110-121
33455438-10	2022	After subgroup analysis based on the proportion of carbohydrate from calorie, there was a significant increase in adiponectin concentration in studies that prescribed <30% of calorie from carbohydrates (0.12 microg/ml, 95% CI: 0.07-0.18).	Carbohydrates	51-63	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	114-125
33455438-10	2022	After subgroup analysis based on the proportion of carbohydrate from calorie, there was a significant increase in adiponectin concentration in studies that prescribed <30% of calorie from carbohydrates (0.12 microg/ml, 95% CI: 0.07-0.18).	Carbohydrates	188-201	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	114-125
33225719-0	2021	ChREBP downregulates SNAT2 amino acid transporter expression through interactions with SMRT in response to a high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	114-126	MLX interacting protein-like	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
33190239-9	2021	Serum carbohydrate deficient transferrin showed low sensitivity but higher specificity (40 - 79% and 57 - 99%, respectively) to detect excessive alcohol use in the past weeks.	Carbohydrates	6-18	transferrin	Homo sapiens	29-40
33103448-3	2021	Methods In a crossover design, 28 T2D patients (mean HbA1c: 60 mmol/mol) were randomized to 6 wk of carbohydrate-reduced high-protein (CRHP) diet and 6 wk of conventional diabetes (CD) diet (energy-percentage carbohydrate/protein/fat: 30/30/40 vs. 50/17/33).	Carbohydrates	100-112	cysteine rich protein 1	Homo sapiens	135-139
33225719-1	2021	ChREBP has been identified as a primary transcription factor that maintains energy homeostasis through transcriptional regulation of glycolytic, lipogenic and gluconeogenic enzymes in response to a high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	203-215	MLX interacting protein-like	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
33225719-6	2021	These findings suggest that glucogenic amino acid uptake by the liver is controlled by ChREBP through the repression of SNAT2 expression in rats consuming a high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	162-174	MLX interacting protein-like	Rattus norvegicus	87-93
33794735-12	2021	Total energy derived from carbohydrates compared to protein consumption was significantly higher for GEN1 recent immigrants, which may influence the functional requirements of the gut community.	Carbohydrates	26-39	GEN1 Holliday junction 5' flap endonuclease	Homo sapiens	101-105
32975882-5	2021	Tracking of the monosaccharide N-azidoacetylglucosamine (GlcNAz) in caecum bacteria revealed a preferential incorporation of this carbohydrate by Xanthomonadaceae in healthy mice and by Bacteroidaceae in interleukin-10 deficient mice.	Carbohydrates	130-142	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	204-218
33025638-1	2021	Hair biomarkers, ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl palmitate (EtPa), together with blood biomarker tests, carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) or phosphatidylethanol (PEth), are commonly used in identifying patterns of alcohol consumption as they possess different windows of detection.	Carbohydrates	106-118	transferrin	Homo sapiens	129-140
32975882-4	2021	In interleukin-10 deficient mice, changes in the gut microbiota were accompanied by decreased carbohydrate hydrolase activities and increased lumenal concentrations of host glycan-derived monosaccharides.	Carbohydrates	94-106	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	3-17
32885596-9	2021	We suggest that reducing carbohydrate at the expense of fat or protein, could further improve glucose control during fully closed-loop insulin therapy in hospital.	Carbohydrates	25-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	135-142
34017786-0	2021	Low carbohydrate diet rescued severe type 2 diabetes patient from insulin injection, a case report.	Carbohydrates	4-16	insulin	Homo sapiens	66-73
32818790-0	2021	The Utility of Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin in Identifying Chronic Alcohol Users in the Injured Patient: Expanding the Toolkit.	Carbohydrates	15-27	transferrin	Homo sapiens	38-49
32818790-2	2021	Previous studies have suggested that serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (%dCDT) levels, relative to blood alcohol levels (BALs), may better differentiate episodic binge drinkers from sustained heavy consumers in admitted patients with traumatic injury.	Carbohydrates	43-55	transferrin	Homo sapiens	66-77
33137488-3	2021	Interestingly, the activity of the transcription factor carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP), central for de novo lipid synthesis, is markedly activated in L.G6pc-/- mice that in consequence rapidly develop NAFLD-like pathology.	Carbohydrates	56-68	MLX interacting protein-like	Mus musculus	103-109
33364490-0	2020	Effect of the interaction between ribosomal protein L10a and insulin receptor on carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	81-93	ribosomal protein L10a	Homo sapiens	34-56
31640408-2	2021	Insulin pumps and connected insulin pens provide records of when the user injected insulin and how many carbohydrates were recorded, but it is often unclear when meals occurred.	Carbohydrates	104-117	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
31640408-2	2021	Insulin pumps and connected insulin pens provide records of when the user injected insulin and how many carbohydrates were recorded, but it is often unclear when meals occurred.	Carbohydrates	104-117	insulin	Homo sapiens	28-35
33211260-5	2021	Here, we analysed photosynthesis together with metabolites and enzyme activities of the central carbohydrate metabolism during cold acclimation of the chloroplast unusual positioning 1 (chup1) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana.	Carbohydrates	96-108	Hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	186-191
34050860-4	2021	At the edge of the carbohydrate-binding site is a conserved, strained disulphide bridge, formed between C106 and C137 of human Calr, which lies in a polypeptide-binding site.	Carbohydrates	19-31	calreticulin	Homo sapiens	127-131
33456569-6	2021	The glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains of SRGN were characterized using fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis.	Carbohydrates	89-101	serglycin	Homo sapiens	38-42
33334005-0	2020	Salivary Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin in Alcohol- and Nicotine-Dependent Males.	Carbohydrates	9-21	transferrin	Homo sapiens	32-43
33387581-3	2021	In this review, we discussed the antioxidant potential of chalcones and elucidated the mechanisms of pathways and proteins such as carbohydrate digestive enzymes (alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase), aldose reductase, SLGT-2, and Nrf2 that are targeted by antidiabetic chalcones.	Carbohydrates	131-143	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	231-235
33375175-5	2020	The carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) and the neck/repeat region represent the key features of CD209 family proteins that are also central to facilitating cellular ligand interactions and pathogen recognition.	Carbohydrates	4-16	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	99-104
33326780-1	2020	A central paradigm in the field of lymphocyte biology asserts that replicatively senescent memory T cells express the carbohydrate epitope CD57.	Carbohydrates	118-130	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	139-143
33481370-4	2020	Leptin and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma(PPARgamma) are involved in carbohydrate metabolism and reproduction function regulation.	Carbohydrates	87-99	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	11-59
33481370-4	2020	Leptin and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma(PPARgamma) are involved in carbohydrate metabolism and reproduction function regulation.	Carbohydrates	87-99	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	60-69
32702503-0	2020	Alcohol consumption combined with dietary low-carbohydrate/high-protein intake increased the left ventricular systolic dysfunction risk and lethal ventricular arrhythmia susceptibility in apolipoprotein E/low-density lipoprotein receptor double-knockout mice.	Carbohydrates	46-58	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	188-204
33292317-3	2020	RESULTS: Results showed that patients with high numbers of BDCA2+ pDCs in peritumoral tissues were more likely to have elevated levels of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and gamma-glutamyl transferase, larger and more tumors, advanced tumor-node-metastasis staging, more vascular/bile duct invasion, and lymphatic metastasis in association with greater chance of recurrence and shorter overall survival.	Carbohydrates	138-150	C-type lectin domain family 4 member C	Homo sapiens	59-64
33273015-2	2021	Complex carbohydrates decorate MPO at discrete sites, but their functional relevance remain elusive.	Carbohydrates	8-21	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	31-34
33299950-4	2020	Type 2 diabetes is characterised by a deregulation of the carbohydrates, lipids and proteins found in the metabolism and result in diminished secretion of insulin, resistance to insulin or a combination of both.	Carbohydrates	58-71	insulin	Homo sapiens	155-162
33299950-4	2020	Type 2 diabetes is characterised by a deregulation of the carbohydrates, lipids and proteins found in the metabolism and result in diminished secretion of insulin, resistance to insulin or a combination of both.	Carbohydrates	58-71	insulin	Homo sapiens	178-185
33533472-1	2020	Insulin is an important anabolic hormone that regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.	Carbohydrates	74-87	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
33210450-6	2020	The scope of this minireview is to summarise the recent advances in the chemical and semisyntheses of homogeneous EPO glycoforms, highlighting the versatile approaches to the preparation and structural manipulations of the carbohydrate chains incorporated into synthetic EPO glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	223-235	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	114-117
33180044-12	2020	The results suggest a significant positive and negative relationship between the consumption of both fat and carbohydrates and cardiometabolic risk factors such as BMI, insulin levels, and HOMA-IR.	Carbohydrates	109-122	insulin	Homo sapiens	169-176
33520854-7	2020	Results: High carbohydrate and fat feeding led to hyperinsulinemic status with increased hepatic G6Pase activity and impaired phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1(IRS1) and reduced expression of antioxidant enzymes.Training significantly reduced hepatic G6Pase activity, upregulated phosphoinositide 3 kinase(PI3K) docking site phosphorylation and downregulated the negative IRS1 phosphorylations thereby increasing the glucose transporter(GLUT) expressions (aa(P < 0.001) when compared to HFD, b(P < 0.01),bb (P < 0.001 when compared to HCD).	Carbohydrates	14-26	insulin receptor substrate 1	Rattus norvegicus	145-173
33520854-7	2020	Results: High carbohydrate and fat feeding led to hyperinsulinemic status with increased hepatic G6Pase activity and impaired phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1(IRS1) and reduced expression of antioxidant enzymes.Training significantly reduced hepatic G6Pase activity, upregulated phosphoinositide 3 kinase(PI3K) docking site phosphorylation and downregulated the negative IRS1 phosphorylations thereby increasing the glucose transporter(GLUT) expressions (aa(P < 0.001) when compared to HFD, b(P < 0.01),bb (P < 0.001 when compared to HCD).	Carbohydrates	14-26	insulin receptor substrate 1	Rattus norvegicus	174-178
33231159-4	2021	Among the eating patterns that have shown beneficial effects on metabolic control of patients with type 2 diabetes is the Low-Carb diet, since the carbohydrate ingestion is viewed as the most important determinant of postprandial glucose and insulin response.	Carbohydrates	147-159	insulin	Homo sapiens	242-249
32843285-1	2020	PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of preoperative oral carbohydrate on postoperative serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin levels in patients laparoscopic surgery.	Carbohydrates	86-98	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	122-140
32843285-1	2020	PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of preoperative oral carbohydrate on postoperative serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin levels in patients laparoscopic surgery.	Carbohydrates	86-98	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	142-145
32843285-1	2020	PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of preoperative oral carbohydrate on postoperative serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin levels in patients laparoscopic surgery.	Carbohydrates	86-98	albumin	Homo sapiens	151-158
33311943-12	2020	The APR-high group also had higher glycoprotein antigen 199 and carbohydrate antigen 125 levels than the APR-low group (P < 0.05).	Carbohydrates	64-76	phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1	Homo sapiens	4-7
33520854-7	2020	Results: High carbohydrate and fat feeding led to hyperinsulinemic status with increased hepatic G6Pase activity and impaired phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1(IRS1) and reduced expression of antioxidant enzymes.Training significantly reduced hepatic G6Pase activity, upregulated phosphoinositide 3 kinase(PI3K) docking site phosphorylation and downregulated the negative IRS1 phosphorylations thereby increasing the glucose transporter(GLUT) expressions (aa(P < 0.001) when compared to HFD, b(P < 0.01),bb (P < 0.001 when compared to HCD).	Carbohydrates	14-26	insulin receptor substrate 1	Rattus norvegicus	386-390
32467232-0	2020	Role for carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) in high glucose-mediated repression of long noncoding RNA Tug1.	Carbohydrates	9-21	MLX interacting protein-like	Mus musculus	56-62
33281747-1	2020	The Carbohydrate response element binding protein, ChREBP encoded by the MLXIPL gene, is a transcription factor that is expressed at high levels in the liver and has a prominent function during consumption of high-carbohydrate diets.	Carbohydrates	4-16	MLX interacting protein-like	Mus musculus	51-57
33281747-1	2020	The Carbohydrate response element binding protein, ChREBP encoded by the MLXIPL gene, is a transcription factor that is expressed at high levels in the liver and has a prominent function during consumption of high-carbohydrate diets.	Carbohydrates	4-16	MLX interacting protein-like	Mus musculus	73-79
33281747-1	2020	The Carbohydrate response element binding protein, ChREBP encoded by the MLXIPL gene, is a transcription factor that is expressed at high levels in the liver and has a prominent function during consumption of high-carbohydrate diets.	Carbohydrates	214-226	MLX interacting protein-like	Mus musculus	51-57
33281747-1	2020	The Carbohydrate response element binding protein, ChREBP encoded by the MLXIPL gene, is a transcription factor that is expressed at high levels in the liver and has a prominent function during consumption of high-carbohydrate diets.	Carbohydrates	214-226	MLX interacting protein-like	Mus musculus	73-79
32930325-0	2020	Carbohydrate and fat intake associated with risk of metabolic diseases through epigenetics of CPT1A.	Carbohydrates	0-12	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A	Homo sapiens	94-99
32236953-0	2020	Investigation and management of stool frequency and consistency associated with SGLT1 inhibition by reducing dietary carbohydrate: a randomized trial.	Carbohydrates	117-129	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Homo sapiens	80-85
33294792-2	2020	We have previously reported that NSCs from adult V-SVZ are contained in cell populations expressing the carbohydrate SSEA-1/LeX, which exhibit either characteristics of quiescent NSCs (qNSCs) or of actively dividing NSCs (aNSCs) based on the absence or the presence of EGF-receptor, respectively.	Carbohydrates	104-116	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	124-127
33250924-9	2020	Our results suggest that circRNAs may be involved in regulating metabolism (i.e., carbohydrate, amino acid, lipid, and energy), signal transduction, and environmental adaptation-related pathways and that these circRNAs were predicted to regulate the expression of transcription factors, genes in signal transduction pathways, and genes related to the Ca2+ channel through targeting the corresponding proteins, such as WRKY, NAC, cytochrome P450, and calmodulin binding protein.	Carbohydrates	82-94	cytochrome P450 85A3	Solanum lycopersicum	429-476
32618550-12	2020	After functional and enrichment analyses, the main genes into the selection signatures linked to energy, fatty acids, carbohydrates and lipid metabolic processes were ACER2, PLIN2, DENND4C, RPS6, RRAGA (OCU1), ST8SIA6, VIM (OCU16), RORA, GANC and PLA2G4B (OCU17).	Carbohydrates	118-131	ras-related GTP-binding protein A	Oryctolagus cuniculus	196-201
32618550-12	2020	After functional and enrichment analyses, the main genes into the selection signatures linked to energy, fatty acids, carbohydrates and lipid metabolic processes were ACER2, PLIN2, DENND4C, RPS6, RRAGA (OCU1), ST8SIA6, VIM (OCU16), RORA, GANC and PLA2G4B (OCU17).	Carbohydrates	118-131	neutral alpha-glucosidase C	Oryctolagus cuniculus	238-242
32707041-6	2020	PRMT5 knockdown increased the levels of amino acids and carbohydrates, particularly related to the arginine metabolism such as glutamate, glutamine (Gln), proline, creatine, creatinine and phosphocreatine (PCr).	Carbohydrates	56-69	protein arginine methyltransferase 5	Homo sapiens	0-5
33187118-0	2020	Islet Health, Hormone Secretion, and Insulin Responsivity with Low-Carbohydrate Feeding in Diabetes.	Carbohydrates	67-79	insulin	Homo sapiens	37-44
33187118-4	2020	In this review, we discuss the preclinical and clinical studies investigating the role of carbohydrate restriction and physiological elevations in ketone bodies directly on pancreatic islet health, islet hormone secretion, and insulin sensitivity.	Carbohydrates	90-102	insulin	Homo sapiens	227-234
31865636-3	2020	Carbohydrate Counting (CC) is used to guide insulin doses and can assist in achieving optimal postprandial blood glucose levels.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	44-51
30767503-0	2020	Carbohydrate Requirement for Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes: Effects of Insulin Concentration.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	69-76
33139636-1	2020	This study aims to verify the extent to which a diversification of carbohydrates and fats intake in a diet, together with the reduction in vitamin D deficiency, impact the levels of hormones (testosterone, estradiol, cortisol) and Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHGB) in men doing strength training.	Carbohydrates	67-80	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	231-259
31865636-11	2020	Patients in the fixed insulin group reported lower levels of confidence in their ability to carbohydrate count (P &lt; .001) and placed less importance on CC (P &lt; .001).	Carbohydrates	92-104	insulin	Homo sapiens	22-29
32280962-5	2020	We confirmed that PSG1 binds to Gal-1 in a carbohydrate-dependent manner with an affinity of the interaction of 0.13 muM.	Carbohydrates	43-55	latexin	Homo sapiens	117-120
33844769-4	2020	However, low carbohydrate diet and ketogenic diets induce unique metabolic changes and consistently improve some markers of cardiovascular risk, lowering elevated blood glucose, insulin, triglycerides, ApoB and saturated fat concentrations, reducing small dense LDL particle numbers, glycated hemoglobin levels, blood pressure and body weight while increasing HDL-cholesterol concentrations and reversing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.	Carbohydrates	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	178-185
33844769-4	2020	However, low carbohydrate diet and ketogenic diets induce unique metabolic changes and consistently improve some markers of cardiovascular risk, lowering elevated blood glucose, insulin, triglycerides, ApoB and saturated fat concentrations, reducing small dense LDL particle numbers, glycated hemoglobin levels, blood pressure and body weight while increasing HDL-cholesterol concentrations and reversing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.	Carbohydrates	13-25	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	202-206
33126652-3	2020	Herein, in a mouse model of CRC, we found that the expression of UNC5A, UNC5B and UNC5C was diminished in tumors but only in mice subjected to a High Carbohydrate Diet (HCD) thus linking nutrition to their repression in CRC.	Carbohydrates	150-162	unc-5 netrin receptor B	Mus musculus	72-77
33100127-0	2021	A Comparison of the Predictive Power of DNA Methylation with Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin for Heavy Alcohol Consumption.	Carbohydrates	61-73	transferrin	Homo sapiens	84-95
32936440-3	2020	The primary stage is detection of ingested carbohydrate by receptors in the oral cavity and on the tongue that activate reward and other centers in the brain leading to insulin secretion.	Carbohydrates	43-55	insulin	Homo sapiens	169-176
32936440-6	2020	The intestinal mucosa has carbohydrate sensors that stimulate the release of two "incretin" hormones (GIP and GLP-1) whose actions range from the secretion of insulin to appetite regulation.	Carbohydrates	26-38	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	102-105
32936440-6	2020	The intestinal mucosa has carbohydrate sensors that stimulate the release of two "incretin" hormones (GIP and GLP-1) whose actions range from the secretion of insulin to appetite regulation.	Carbohydrates	26-38	insulin	Homo sapiens	159-166
33076263-0	2020	Carbohydrate-Induced Insulin Signaling Activates Focal Adhesion Kinase: A Nutrient and Mechanotransduction Crossroads.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	21-28
33193089-3	2020	Yet research has detailed, and patients frequently report, variable blood glucose responses following both the same physical exercise session and insulin to carbohydrate alteration.	Carbohydrates	157-169	insulin	Homo sapiens	146-153
33076263-9	2020	Interestingly, carbohydrate-induced insulin signaling appears to activate FAK at the level of IRS-1 but did not enhance mTOR activity 1 h post-exercise greater than the placebo condition.	Carbohydrates	15-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	36-43
33048832-0	2021	Evaluation of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin measurements on the V8 capillary electrophoresis system and comparison with the IFCC approved HPLC reference method and N-Latex immunonephelometric assay.	Carbohydrates	14-26	transferrin	Homo sapiens	37-48
32773574-6	2020	The carbohydrate-insulin model better accounts for the pathogenesis of obesity, MetS, and ultimately type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and CVD.	Carbohydrates	4-16	insulin	Homo sapiens	17-24
33051490-8	2020	Changes in amino acid, carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism in response to insulin were impaired in subjects with low IS.	Carbohydrates	23-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	77-84
33011862-12	2020	Taken together, our results indicated that during tomato fruit ripening, TBG4 plays an important role by degrading arabinogalactan I (AGI), arabinogalactan II (AGII), and the carbohydrate moiety of arabinogalactan protein (AGP).	Carbohydrates	175-187	beta-galactosidase 4	Solanum lycopersicum	73-77
33118381-1	2020	Since the second half of the 20th century, a massive increase in the consumption of refined carbohydrates has occurred, generating well-described detrimental health effects such as obesity, insulin resistance, type II diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and dental caries.	Carbohydrates	92-105	insulin	Homo sapiens	190-197
32092021-2	2020	Bolus advisors have been developed to more accurately suggest doses of meal-related insulin based on carbohydrate intake, according to pre-set insulin to carbohydrate levels and insulin sensitivity factors.	Carbohydrates	101-113	insulin	Homo sapiens	84-91
32092021-2	2020	Bolus advisors have been developed to more accurately suggest doses of meal-related insulin based on carbohydrate intake, according to pre-set insulin to carbohydrate levels and insulin sensitivity factors.	Carbohydrates	154-166	insulin	Homo sapiens	84-91
32092021-2	2020	Bolus advisors have been developed to more accurately suggest doses of meal-related insulin based on carbohydrate intake, according to pre-set insulin to carbohydrate levels and insulin sensitivity factors.	Carbohydrates	154-166	insulin	Homo sapiens	143-150
32092021-2	2020	Bolus advisors have been developed to more accurately suggest doses of meal-related insulin based on carbohydrate intake, according to pre-set insulin to carbohydrate levels and insulin sensitivity factors.	Carbohydrates	154-166	insulin	Homo sapiens	143-150
32807409-7	2020	Patients with Trousseau syndrome exhibited high serum carbohydrate antigen CEA, CA 125 and CA 199 levels.	Carbohydrates	54-66	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	75-78
32828272-5	2020	A high carbohydrate (HCHO) diet could inactivate the Hippo pathway and encourage the combination of YAP and ChREBP, leading to glucose-induced hepatocyte glycolysis and lipogenesis through up-regulation of target genes such as L-PK and ACC in mice.	Carbohydrates	7-19	MLX interacting protein-like	Mus musculus	108-114
32556615-5	2020	RESULTS: Per-metabolite and network analyses across the four ancestries identified numerous metabolites associated with maternal insulin sensitivity before and 1 h after a glucose load, ranging from amino acids and carbohydrates to fatty acids and lipids.	Carbohydrates	215-228	insulin	Homo sapiens	129-136
31602495-11	2020	In regard to dietary fats, replacing carbohydrate with unsaturated fat was associated with lower level of LDL-C in subjects with dyslipidemia.	Carbohydrates	37-49	component of oligomeric golgi complex 2	Homo sapiens	106-111
32859328-2	2020	We hypothesised that a carbohydrate-reduced high-protein (CRHP) diet would reduce GV acutely in patients with T2D compared with a conventional diabetes (CD) diet.	Carbohydrates	23-35	cysteine rich protein 1	Homo sapiens	58-62
32962100-8	2020	Then, we focus on the specific role of dietary carbohydrates, first by outlining the physiological effects of carbohydrates on the body and then how these changes translate into eye and age-related ocular diseases.	Carbohydrates	47-60	renin binding protein	Homo sapiens	186-189
32619242-1	2020	BACKGROUND: High carbohydrate intake raises blood triglycerides, glucose, and insulin; reduces HDLs; and may increase risk of coronary heart disease (CHD).	Carbohydrates	17-29	insulin	Homo sapiens	78-85
32921117-0	2020	A clinical study of preoperative carbohydrate administration to improve insulin resistance in patients with multiple injuries.	Carbohydrates	33-45	insulin	Homo sapiens	72-79
32921117-1	2020	BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the tolerance and safety of carbohydrate administration to patients with multiple injuries prior to surgery, and to analyze the effects of carbohydrate intake on their immediate insulin resistance (IR), postoperative complications, and length of hospital stay.	Carbohydrates	196-208	insulin	Homo sapiens	235-242
32921117-10	2020	Taking carbohydrates before surgery can not only relieve preoperative discomfort, but also reduce postoperative insulin resistance, which is helpful to avoid postoperative metabolic disorder and speed up recovery.	Carbohydrates	7-20	insulin	Homo sapiens	112-119
32222994-3	2020	By using hepatocyte-specific ALR knock-out /down high fat/high carbohydrate mouse models they demonstrated an involvement of ALR in lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammatory response leading to fibrosis.	Carbohydrates	63-75	growth factor, augmenter of liver regeneration	Mus musculus	29-32
32222994-3	2020	By using hepatocyte-specific ALR knock-out /down high fat/high carbohydrate mouse models they demonstrated an involvement of ALR in lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammatory response leading to fibrosis.	Carbohydrates	63-75	growth factor, augmenter of liver regeneration	Mus musculus	125-128
32438301-10	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative fasting abbreviation with liquid containing carbohydrate and protein before gynecologic surgeries may provide metabolic stability with lower variation in insulin resistance than inert solution.	Carbohydrates	70-82	insulin	Homo sapiens	180-187
32504753-2	2020	Estrogenization of insulin altered its molecular function and effect carbohydrates metabolisms in these patients.	Carbohydrates	69-82	insulin	Homo sapiens	19-26
32862503-10	2020	In contrast, exercise nor carbohydrate availability affected the subcellular location of PGC-1alpha protein or PPAR, SCO2, SIRT1, DRP1, MFN2 or CD36 mRNA.	Carbohydrates	26-38	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	89-99
32829466-6	2020	The review describes functions and regulations of SGLT1, GLUT2, and GLUT5 in the small intestine including diurnal variations and carbohydrate-dependent regulations.	Carbohydrates	130-142	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Homo sapiens	50-55
32829466-6	2020	The review describes functions and regulations of SGLT1, GLUT2, and GLUT5 in the small intestine including diurnal variations and carbohydrate-dependent regulations.	Carbohydrates	130-142	solute carrier family 2 member 5	Homo sapiens	68-73
32789381-8	2020	The fuzzy, weak carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions quantified in our simulations thus appear to be a generic feature of small, neutral carbohydrates such as LeX and Lac 2.	Carbohydrates	16-28	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	161-164
33351357-3	2020	AIMS: to study the relationship between the state of carbohydrate metabolism and markers of replicative cell aging in individuals with different sensitivity to insulin.	Carbohydrates	53-65	insulin	Homo sapiens	160-167
32789381-8	2020	The fuzzy, weak carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions quantified in our simulations thus appear to be a generic feature of small, neutral carbohydrates such as LeX and Lac 2.	Carbohydrates	29-41	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	161-164
32789381-1	2020	Carbohydrates such as the trisaccharide motif LeX are key constituents of cell surfaces.	Carbohydrates	0-13	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	46-49
32789381-8	2020	The fuzzy, weak carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions quantified in our simulations thus appear to be a generic feature of small, neutral carbohydrates such as LeX and Lac 2.	Carbohydrates	139-152	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	161-164
32789381-4	2020	For LeX, we obtain association constants of soluble carbohydrates, adhesion energies of lipid-anchored carbohydrates, and maximally sustained forces of carbohydrate complexes in membrane adhesion that are in good agreement with experimental results in the literature.	Carbohydrates	52-65	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	4-7
32628283-4	2020	HCC can be targeted by using specific carbohydrates able to recognize asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGPR1) overexpressed in hepatocytes.	Carbohydrates	38-51	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	70-99
32789381-4	2020	For LeX, we obtain association constants of soluble carbohydrates, adhesion energies of lipid-anchored carbohydrates, and maximally sustained forces of carbohydrate complexes in membrane adhesion that are in good agreement with experimental results in the literature.	Carbohydrates	52-64	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	4-7
32628283-4	2020	HCC can be targeted by using specific carbohydrates able to recognize asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGPR1) overexpressed in hepatocytes.	Carbohydrates	38-51	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	101-107
32281559-0	2020	Various biological functions of carbohydrate chains learned from glycosyltransferase-deficient mice.	Carbohydrates	32-44	protein O-linked mannose beta 1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Mus musculus	65-84
32784179-6	2020	The model is expected to detect deviations from the norm because of infection incidences considering elevated blood glucose levels coupled with unusual changes in the insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio.	Carbohydrates	178-190	insulin	Homo sapiens	167-174
32672959-1	2020	For the first time, inclusion has been crafted between a carbohydrate based molecule and beta-CD hydrophobic cavity for the asymmetric catalytic applications.	Carbohydrates	57-69	ACD shelterin complex subunit and telomerase recruitment factor	Homo sapiens	89-96
32842702-8	2020	Lectin histochemistry of gut sections revealed an abundance of N-acetyl-glucosamine and N-acetyl-galactosamine as carbohydrate residues on the mucin chain.	Carbohydrates	114-126	C-type lectin lectoxin-Thr1-like	Esox lucius	0-6
32640184-0	2020	FGF21 Signals to Glutamatergic Neurons in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus to Suppress Carbohydrate Intake.	Carbohydrates	84-96	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	0-5
31787367-7	2020	Obesity and diet composition were both positively associated to pro-inflammatory biomarkers, CRP and IL1b; while diet composition shared with physical activity levels the correlation with IL6 (positive with energy, fat, carbohydrate and saturated fatty acid intake, and negative with cholesterol intake and average physical activity in boys), NGF and glucose (in both cases correlations were negative with diet composition and physical activity variables) (P &lt; 0.05, in all cases).	Carbohydrates	220-232	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	188-191
32179453-0	2020	Indirect photo-electrochemical detection of carbohydrates with Pt@g-C3N4 immobilised into a polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1) and attached to a palladium hydrogen capture membrane.	Carbohydrates	44-57	Pim-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	128-133
32755584-4	2020	We find that the cell surface of CD4+ T cells actively transcribing HIV, despite suppressive therapy, harbors high levels of fucosylated carbohydrate ligands, including the cell extravasation mediator Sialyl-LewisX (SLeX), compared with HIV-infected transcriptionally inactive cells.	Carbohydrates	137-149	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	33-36
32548688-3	2020	Deletion of sur7 resulted in reduced conidiation capacity and impaired conidial quality, which was featured by slower germination, attenuated virulence, and reduced carbohydrate epitopes (beta-N-acetylglucosamine and sialic acids).	Carbohydrates	165-177	Sur7p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	12-16
32708435-0	2020	Baseline HOMA IR and Circulating FGF21 Levels Predict NAFLD Improvement in Patients Undergoing a Low Carbohydrate Dietary Intervention for Weight Loss: A Prospective Observational Pilot Study.	Carbohydrates	101-113	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	33-38
32335043-0	2020	Alcohol, Carbohydrate, and Calcium Intakes and Smoking Interactions with APOA5 rs662799 and rs2266788 were Associated with Elevated Plasma Triglyceride Concentrations in a Cross-Sectional Study of Korean Adults.	Carbohydrates	9-21	apolipoprotein A5	Homo sapiens	73-78
32394347-5	2020	Targeted proteomics shows elevated expression of mitochondrial proteins, fatty acid metabolism enzymes, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes, and antioxidants, while enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism are downregulated in Sod1-/- mice.	Carbohydrates	188-200	superoxide dismutase 1, soluble	Mus musculus	233-237
30644785-1	2020	PURPOSE: Preoperative carbohydrate loading (CHO) could improve insulin sensitivity and promoted postoperative recovery under general anesthesia.	Carbohydrates	22-34	insulin	Homo sapiens	63-70
32492148-8	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Replacing SFA with carbohydrate decreased factor VIIc and increased fibrinogen in healthy and metabolically unhealthy individuals and also increased PAI-1 in healthy subjects.	Carbohydrates	32-44	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	81-91
32631832-6	2021	The insulin-resistant phenotype, also referred to as the metabolic syndrome, manifests as carbohydrate intolerance, which is most effectively managed by a low carbohydrate diet (LCD).	Carbohydrates	90-102	insulin	Homo sapiens	4-11
32679728-1	2020	BACKGROUND: Current carbohydrate (CHO) intake recommendations for ultra-trail activities lasting more than 2.5 h is 90 g/h.	Carbohydrates	20-32	TNF superfamily member 10	Homo sapiens	72-77
32650396-5	2020	The receptor CLEC10A (C-type lectin domain family 10 member A, CD301; also called the macrophage galactose-type lectin, MGL) contains a carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) that is homologous to the CRD of ASGR1, and thus, is also specific for GalNAc.	Carbohydrates	136-148	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	207-212
32631832-6	2021	The insulin-resistant phenotype, also referred to as the metabolic syndrome, manifests as carbohydrate intolerance, which is most effectively managed by a low carbohydrate diet (LCD).	Carbohydrates	159-171	insulin	Homo sapiens	4-11
32133702-8	2020	AKIP1 high expression correlated with higher performance status score (P = .006), largest tumor size >=5.0 cm (P < .001), Barcelona clinic liver cancer (BCLC) stage B (vs stage A; P = .024), increased alpha-fetoprotein level (P = .036), and higher carbohydrate antigen 199 level (P < .001).	Carbohydrates	248-260	A-kinase interacting protein 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
32506713-0	2020	Refined carbohydrate-rich diet is associated with long-term risk of dementia and Alzheimer"s disease in apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele carriers.	Carbohydrates	8-20	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	104-129
32144811-0	2020	The "brick diet" and postprandial insulin: a practical method to balance carbohydrates ingested and prandial insulin to prevent hypoglycaemia in hospitalized persons with diabetes.	Carbohydrates	73-86	insulin	Homo sapiens	34-41
32144811-1	2020	AIM: Insulin is the preferred treatment for the control of diabetes in hospital, but it raises the risk of hypoglycaemia, because oral intake of carbohydrates in hospitalized persons is often lower than planned.	Carbohydrates	145-158	insulin	Homo sapiens	5-12
32144811-2	2020	Our aim was to assess the effect on the incidence of hypoglycaemia of giving prandial insulin immediately after a meal depending on the amount of carbohydrate ingested.	Carbohydrates	146-158	insulin	Homo sapiens	86-93
32144811-5	2020	Prandial insulin was given immediately after meals in proportion to the amount of carbohydrates eaten.	Carbohydrates	82-95	insulin	Homo sapiens	9-16
32144811-7	2020	Compared with the last 100 people treated with standard procedures, postprandial insulin given on the basis of ingested carbohydrate significantly reduced the incidence of hypoglycaemic events per day, from 0.11 +- 0.03 to 0.04 +- 0.02 (P < 0.001) with an adjusted incidence rate ratio of 0.70 (95% confidence interval 0.54-0.92; P = 0.011).	Carbohydrates	120-132	insulin	Homo sapiens	81-88
32612543-4	2020	We sought to determine whether reduced PPARdelta content in insulin-resistant rat skeletal muscle of a non-obese rat model of T2DM (Goto-Kakizaki, GK) ameliorate the inhibitory effect of fatty acid (i.e., palmitoylcarnitine) on mitochondrial carbohydrate oxidization (i.e., pyruvate) in muscle fibers.	Carbohydrates	242-254	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta	Rattus norvegicus	39-48
32544115-1	2020	BACKGROUND: Diabetes impairs the body"s ability to produce or respond to the hormone insulin resulting in abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates and elevated glucose levels in the body.	Carbohydrates	129-142	insulin	Homo sapiens	85-92
32144811-8	2020	CONCLUSIONS: In hospitalized persons with diabetes treated with subcutaneous insulin, the "brick diet" offers a practical method to count the amount of carbohydrates ingested, which is often less than planned.	Carbohydrates	152-165	insulin	Homo sapiens	77-84
32144811-9	2020	Prandial insulin given immediately after a meal, in doses balanced with actual carbohydrate intake reduces the risk of hypoglycaemia.	Carbohydrates	79-91	insulin	Homo sapiens	9-16
32115801-5	2020	Here we found that a saccharide analog, 2-deoxy- d-glucose (2-DG), inhibits glycosylation of PD-L1 and its immunosuppressive function by combining with EGFR inhibitor, gefitinib.	Carbohydrates	21-31	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	152-156
32579062-3	2021	Using a combination of molecular modeling and simulation techniques, in this study the effects of five carbohydrate polymers of Chitosan, Alginate, Cyclodextrin, Hyaluronic acid and Pectin on structure and dynamics of interleukin2 protein at 298 K and 343 K, are investigated.	Carbohydrates	103-115	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	218-230
32481483-2	2020	Carbohydrates in diet affect glucose metabolism and multiple evidences showed the key role of insulin sensitivity in regulating female fertility.	Carbohydrates	0-13	insulin	Homo sapiens	94-101
31647139-6	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Meal-related insulin dosing based on carbohydrate plus fat/protein counting has given positive results in the postprandial glycaemic profile as a result of lower postprandial glycaemic levels compared to conventional carbohydrate counting in patients with T1D after a high protein-fat meal.	Carbohydrates	50-62	insulin	Homo sapiens	26-33
31647139-6	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Meal-related insulin dosing based on carbohydrate plus fat/protein counting has given positive results in the postprandial glycaemic profile as a result of lower postprandial glycaemic levels compared to conventional carbohydrate counting in patients with T1D after a high protein-fat meal.	Carbohydrates	230-242	insulin	Homo sapiens	26-33
31825066-7	2020	In addition to the reductions in blood glucose and insulin achievable through carbohydrate restriction, chronic ketosis might confer unique metabolic benefits of relevance to cancer, neurodegenerative conditions, and other diseases associated with insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	78-90	insulin	Homo sapiens	51-58
32456470-2	2021	The Insulin Mentor, a bolus calculator tool in the OneTouch Reveal diabetes management app, uses an algorithm to automate many of these calculations and contains a link to a food diary to help estimate carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	202-214	insulin	Homo sapiens	4-11
32666008-1	2020	Context: According to the carbohydrate-insulin model of obesity, an elevated insulin-to-glucagon ratio in response to a high-carbohydrate diet directs metabolic fuels toward storage, resulting in lower circulating energy.	Carbohydrates	26-38	glucagon	Homo sapiens	88-96
32666008-1	2020	Context: According to the carbohydrate-insulin model of obesity, an elevated insulin-to-glucagon ratio in response to a high-carbohydrate diet directs metabolic fuels toward storage, resulting in lower circulating energy.	Carbohydrates	125-137	glucagon	Homo sapiens	88-96
32666008-10	2020	Results: Insulin-to-glucagon ratio was 7-fold higher in participants on the high- vs low-carbohydrate diet (2.5 and 0.36, respectively).	Carbohydrates	89-101	glucagon	Homo sapiens	20-28
32523897-3	2020	We have previously shown that adding a second Env-binding moiety, such as the carbohydrate recognition domain of human mannose-binding lectin (MBL) that recognizes the highly conserved oligomannose patch on gp120, increases CAR potency in an in vitro HIV suppression assay; moreover it reduces the undesired capacity for the CD4 of the CAR molecule to act as an entry receptor, thereby rendering CAR-expressing CD8+ T cells susceptible to infection.	Carbohydrates	78-90	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	325-328
32279507-1	2020	Non-covalent binding of proteins to glycans is amazingly selective to the isoforms of carbohydrates, including alpha/beta anomers that co-exist in solution.	Carbohydrates	86-99	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	111-121
32408171-4	2020	The hypermethylated genes directly involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism are of PI3K, cAMP, insulin, insulin secretion, diabetic, and NAFLD signaling pathways.	Carbohydrates	47-59	insulin	Homo sapiens	100-107
32408171-4	2020	The hypermethylated genes directly involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism are of PI3K, cAMP, insulin, insulin secretion, diabetic, and NAFLD signaling pathways.	Carbohydrates	47-59	insulin	Homo sapiens	109-116
32434238-12	2021	CONCLUSIONS: We recommend administering the same insulin dose given for 1 carbohydrate unit (10 g carbs) to cover 50 g protein.	Carbohydrates	74-86	insulin	Homo sapiens	49-56
32434238-12	2021	CONCLUSIONS: We recommend administering the same insulin dose given for 1 carbohydrate unit (10 g carbs) to cover 50 g protein.	Carbohydrates	98-103	insulin	Homo sapiens	49-56
32528404-8	2020	Specifically, either genetic deletion (P2X7 knockout mice) or subchronic pharmacological inhibition of the receptor produces a decrease of whole-body energy expenditure and, concurrently, an increase of carbohydrate oxidation.	Carbohydrates	203-215	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7	Mus musculus	39-43
31900750-2	2020	We postulated that inhibition of endothelial TXNIP with siRNA or in a Cre-LoxP system could be involved in protection from high fat, high protein, low carbohydrate (HFHPLC) diet-induced oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, leading to vascular damage and impaired revascularisation in vivo.	Carbohydrates	151-163	thioredoxin interacting protein	Mus musculus	45-50
32384593-3	2020	Moreover, insulin resistance impairs glycogen synthesis, postprandially diverting a substantial amount of carbohydrates to the liver and storing them there as fat.	Carbohydrates	106-119	insulin	Homo sapiens	10-17
32375962-1	2020	Background: The presence of immunoglobulin E (IgE), which cross-reacts with allergen components, such as profilins, polcalcins, and cross-reacting carbohydrate determinants (CCD), creates a problem when selecting patients for allergen immunotherapy by using conventional methods.	Carbohydrates	147-159	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	28-44
32375962-1	2020	Background: The presence of immunoglobulin E (IgE), which cross-reacts with allergen components, such as profilins, polcalcins, and cross-reacting carbohydrate determinants (CCD), creates a problem when selecting patients for allergen immunotherapy by using conventional methods.	Carbohydrates	147-159	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	46-49
32375231-5	2020	Disorders in the synthesis of adipokines and cytokines that occur in obesity lead to changes in lipid and carbohydrates metabolism and, as a consequence, may lead to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	106-119	insulin	Homo sapiens	166-173
31392349-0	2020	Lipophagy mediated carbohydrate-induced changes of lipid metabolism via oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and ChREBP/PPARgamma pathways.	Carbohydrates	19-31	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	128-134
31356274-0	2020	Simple Versus Complex Preoperative Carbohydrate Drink to Preserve Perioperative Insulin Sensitivity in Laparoscopic Colectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.	Carbohydrates	35-47	insulin	Homo sapiens	80-87
31392349-0	2020	Lipophagy mediated carbohydrate-induced changes of lipid metabolism via oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and ChREBP/PPARgamma pathways.	Carbohydrates	19-31	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	135-144
31392349-9	2020	Our study provided innovative evidence for the direct relationship between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism via ChREBP/PPARgamma pathway.	Carbohydrates	75-87	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	113-119
31392349-9	2020	Our study provided innovative evidence for the direct relationship between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism via ChREBP/PPARgamma pathway.	Carbohydrates	75-87	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	120-129
32279625-2	2020	Today, well-standardised and accepted methods may allow for the definitions of the changes in the glucose and insulin curves following the ingestion of either carbohydrate-based and other foods.	Carbohydrates	159-171	insulin	Homo sapiens	110-117
32425452-1	2020	For many years, carbohydrate counting has been a popular strategy for determining mealtime insulin doses for people with diabetes who are on a multiple daily injection regimen or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion.	Carbohydrates	16-28	insulin	Homo sapiens	91-98
32425452-1	2020	For many years, carbohydrate counting has been a popular strategy for determining mealtime insulin doses for people with diabetes who are on a multiple daily injection regimen or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion.	Carbohydrates	16-28	insulin	Homo sapiens	203-210
32425452-0	2020	Factors Beyond Carbohydrate to Consider When Determining Meantime Insulin Doses: Protein, Fat, Timing, and Technology.	Carbohydrates	15-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	66-73
32200247-0	2020	Diets with lower carbohydrate concentrations improve insulin sensitivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A meta-analysis.	Carbohydrates	17-29	insulin	Homo sapiens	53-60
32279625-4	2020	Within these ranges of applications, other compounds, such as plant polyphenols, may favourably add synergic effects through the modulation of carbohydrate digestion and glucose metabolic steps, resulting in lowering postprandial glucose and insulin levels.	Carbohydrates	143-155	insulin	Homo sapiens	242-249
32133503-6	2020	Candidate BFIs for milk or cheese included saccharides, a hydroxy acid, amino acids, amino acid derivatives, and dipeptides.	Carbohydrates	43-54	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	19-23
32390721-9	2020	An interaction occurred showing insulin decreased during exercise in the carbohydrate condition (p = 0.003).	Carbohydrates	73-85	insulin	Homo sapiens	32-39
32390721-10	2020	Also, there was a main effect of insulin being elevated with carbohydrate consumption (p = 0.027).	Carbohydrates	61-73	insulin	Homo sapiens	33-40
32390721-13	2020	These results indicate that pre-exercise dietary carbohydrate will be utilized preferentially during exercise due to decreased epinephrine, decreased serum glucose, and increased insulin concentrations.	Carbohydrates	49-61	insulin	Homo sapiens	179-186
32411223-4	2020	AUCtotal insulin in the obese group was increased after protein and carbohydrates compared to fatty test meal consumption (3981 +- 2171 and 4869 +- 2784 vs. 2349 +- 1004 muIU*h/m, p < 0.05, respectively), but without a difference between protein and carbohydrates ingestion.	Carbohydrates	68-81	insulin	Homo sapiens	9-16
32411223-4	2020	AUCtotal insulin in the obese group was increased after protein and carbohydrates compared to fatty test meal consumption (3981 +- 2171 and 4869 +- 2784 vs. 2349 +- 1004 muIU*h/m, p < 0.05, respectively), but without a difference between protein and carbohydrates ingestion.	Carbohydrates	250-263	insulin	Homo sapiens	9-16
32411223-5	2020	However, in the normal-weight group, AUCtotal insulin was increased after carbohydrates compared to fatty test meal ingestion (3929 +- 1719 vs. 2231 +- 509 muIU*h/ml, p < 0.05) and similar after carbohydrate and protein as well as after fatty and protein test meals (3929 +- 1719 vs. 2231 +- 509 vs. 3046 +- 1406 muIU*h/ml, respectively).	Carbohydrates	74-87	insulin	Homo sapiens	46-53
32411223-5	2020	However, in the normal-weight group, AUCtotal insulin was increased after carbohydrates compared to fatty test meal ingestion (3929 +- 1719 vs. 2231 +- 509 muIU*h/ml, p < 0.05) and similar after carbohydrate and protein as well as after fatty and protein test meals (3929 +- 1719 vs. 2231 +- 509 vs. 3046 +- 1406 muIU*h/ml, respectively).	Carbohydrates	74-86	insulin	Homo sapiens	46-53
32411223-6	2020	However, AUCtotal insulin was significantly increased in obese compared to normal-weight women only after carbohydrate test meal ingestion (4869 +- 2784 vs. 3929 +- 1719 muIU*h/ml, p < 0.05).	Carbohydrates	106-118	insulin	Homo sapiens	18-25
32411223-11	2020	Postprandial insulin profile was significantly higher after carbohydrate than fatty test meal intake in the obese group and did not differ between obese and normal-weight groups after carbohydrate, protein, and fatty test meals consumption.	Carbohydrates	60-72	insulin	Homo sapiens	13-20
31977316-11	2020	These results demonstrate that GIP is involved in age-related obesity and insulin resistance and that inhibition of GIP secretion alleviates age-related fat mass gain and insulin resistance under carbohydrate-based diet feeding condition.	Carbohydrates	196-208	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Mus musculus	116-119
31870935-5	2020	Participants consumed both a carbohydrate (1.2g min-1 glucose) and a placebo beverage after breakfast consumption and omission.	Carbohydrates	29-41	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	48-53
31580150-10	2020	At 1, 2, and 6 months, the insulin pump settings remained almost stable with basal insulin rates (at 03.00, 08.00, 12.00, and 18.00) 14% lower and the carbohydrate-to-insulin ratios 10% higher than the prepregnancy settings.	Carbohydrates	151-163	insulin	Homo sapiens	27-34
31580150-11	2020	Conclusions: In breastfeeding women with type 1 diabetes who consumed sufficient amounts of carbohydrates and obtained appropriate glycemic control, the basal insulin rates were 14% lower and carbohydrate-to-insulin ratios 10% higher than before pregnancy.	Carbohydrates	92-105	insulin	Homo sapiens	159-166
31580150-11	2020	Conclusions: In breastfeeding women with type 1 diabetes who consumed sufficient amounts of carbohydrates and obtained appropriate glycemic control, the basal insulin rates were 14% lower and carbohydrate-to-insulin ratios 10% higher than before pregnancy.	Carbohydrates	92-104	insulin	Homo sapiens	159-166
32163828-8	2020	Lipids and leptin activities correlated with carbohydrate-deficient transferrin levels and liver enzyme activities.	Carbohydrates	45-57	transferrin	Homo sapiens	68-79
32326589-6	2020	The S100B protein seem to be interesting in this respect as it may be a potential candidate, especially important in early diagnostics of these diseases, given that it plays a role in both carbohydrate metabolism disorders and neurodegenerative processes.	Carbohydrates	189-201	S100 calcium binding protein B	Homo sapiens	4-9
32062378-2	2020	Mutagenesis studies have identified several residues on a concave beta-sheet surface of CRT critical for CRT binding to carbohydrate and other proteins/peptides.	Carbohydrates	120-132	calreticulin	Homo sapiens	88-91
32062378-2	2020	Mutagenesis studies have identified several residues on a concave beta-sheet surface of CRT critical for CRT binding to carbohydrate and other proteins/peptides.	Carbohydrates	120-132	calreticulin	Homo sapiens	105-108
32062378-3	2020	How the mutations of these key residues in CRT affect the conformation and dynamics of CRT, further influencing CRT binding to carbohydrates and other proteins to signal the important biological activities remain unknown.	Carbohydrates	127-140	calreticulin	Homo sapiens	43-46
32062378-3	2020	How the mutations of these key residues in CRT affect the conformation and dynamics of CRT, further influencing CRT binding to carbohydrates and other proteins to signal the important biological activities remain unknown.	Carbohydrates	127-140	calreticulin	Homo sapiens	87-90
32062378-3	2020	How the mutations of these key residues in CRT affect the conformation and dynamics of CRT, further influencing CRT binding to carbohydrates and other proteins to signal the important biological activities remain unknown.	Carbohydrates	127-140	calreticulin	Homo sapiens	87-90
32145513-7	2020	RESULTS: Besides the phenotypical characteristics of GHRD subjects, including those of brain structure and function, enhanced insulin sensitivity, and other minor, we observed that the insulin-regulated IGFBP1 had a consistent negative correlation with the main elements of the carbohydrate metabolism only in the individuals affected with the disease, and not in their relatives.	Carbohydrates	278-290	insulin	Homo sapiens	185-192
32107317-1	2020	INTRODUCTION: Preoperative carbohydrate loading is an effective method to control postoperative insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	27-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	96-103
32040930-7	2020	One of the Foxf2 target genes, Chst2, encodes a carbohydrate sulfotransferase integral to glycosaminoglycan sulfation.	Carbohydrates	48-60	carbohydrate sulfotransferase 2	Mus musculus	31-36
32057567-0	2020	A circadian rhythm-related MTNR1B genetic variant (rs10830963) modulate body weight change and insulin resistance after 9 months of a high protein/low carbohydrate vs a standard hypocaloric diet.	Carbohydrates	151-163	insulin	Homo sapiens	95-102
32104981-5	2020	An excessive insulin secretion with the oral glucose tolerance test rationalized that she had experienced frequent attacks of paralysis on high-carbohydrate diets.	Carbohydrates	144-156	insulin	Homo sapiens	13-20
32232138-4	2020	Carbohydrate-based ligands for CD22, a marker for B cell lymphoma, are introduced onto NK cells through either metabolic engineering or glyco-polymer insertion.	Carbohydrates	0-12	CD22 molecule	Homo sapiens	31-35
31960089-1	2020	KEY MESSAGE: Two independent variant raffinose synthase 3 (RS3) alleles produced an equivalent phenotype and implicated the gene as a key contributor to soybean seed carbohydrate phenotype.	Carbohydrates	166-178	RS3	Glycine max	59-62
32155332-4	2020	We demonstrate that the specific conformation of glycosylated TTX motifs in MUC2 TRs is rationally rearranged by concerted motions of multiple dihedral angles and noncovalent interactions between the carbohydrate and peptide region.	Carbohydrates	200-212	mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	76-80
32292401-9	2020	Finally, transcriptome analysis of oxLDL-loaded murine macrophages showed that Treml4 represses a specific set of genes related to carbohydrate, ion and amino acid membrane transport.	Carbohydrates	131-143	triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-like 4	Mus musculus	79-85
32318639-0	2020	Insulin/carbohydrates ratio during the first 6-month therapy with insulin degludec in a paediatric population with type 1 diabetes previously treated with insulin glargine.	Carbohydrates	8-21	insulin	Homo sapiens	66-73
32309426-2	2020	We investigated whether preoperative oral carbohydrate affected the postoperative percentages of T cells (CD4+ and CD8+) and natural killer (NK) cells in patients with cervical cancer treated with NAC and surgery.	Carbohydrates	42-54	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	106-109
32190036-2	2020	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that are involved in carbohydrate and fatty-acid metabolism and have also been associated with DR. Three PPAR isoforms are known: PPARG, PPARA, and PPARD.	Carbohydrates	95-107	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	204-209
32155149-6	2020	CarbMetSim provides broad flexibility to configure the insulin production ability, the average flux along various metabolic pathways and the impact of insulin resistance on different aspects of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	194-206	insulin	Homo sapiens	151-158
32163855-8	2020	It is concluded that SP-2/0 express alpha7beta2 nAChRs, which mediate the cation outflux under negative pipette potentials applied, possibly, due to depolarized membrane or negative surface charge formed by carbohydrate residues.	Carbohydrates	207-219	Sp2 transcription factor	Mus musculus	21-27
32155866-1	2020	Diabetes mellitus comprises a group of carbohydrate metabolism disorders that share a common main feature of chronic hyperglycemia that results from defects of insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.	Carbohydrates	39-51	insulin	Homo sapiens	160-167
32155866-2	2020	Insulin is an important anabolic hormone, and its deficiency leads to various metabolic abnormalities in proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	127-140	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
31866013-4	2020	These heparin-derived galectin-3 binding inhibitors, which show no anticoagulant activity and bind to the galectin-3 canonical carbohydrate-binding site, induce galectin-3 conformational changes and inhibit galectin-3-mediated cancer cell adhesion, invasion and angiogenesis in vitro and reduce metastasis in mice.	Carbohydrates	127-139	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	22-32
31866013-4	2020	These heparin-derived galectin-3 binding inhibitors, which show no anticoagulant activity and bind to the galectin-3 canonical carbohydrate-binding site, induce galectin-3 conformational changes and inhibit galectin-3-mediated cancer cell adhesion, invasion and angiogenesis in vitro and reduce metastasis in mice.	Carbohydrates	127-139	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	106-116
31866013-4	2020	These heparin-derived galectin-3 binding inhibitors, which show no anticoagulant activity and bind to the galectin-3 canonical carbohydrate-binding site, induce galectin-3 conformational changes and inhibit galectin-3-mediated cancer cell adhesion, invasion and angiogenesis in vitro and reduce metastasis in mice.	Carbohydrates	127-139	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	106-116
31866013-4	2020	These heparin-derived galectin-3 binding inhibitors, which show no anticoagulant activity and bind to the galectin-3 canonical carbohydrate-binding site, induce galectin-3 conformational changes and inhibit galectin-3-mediated cancer cell adhesion, invasion and angiogenesis in vitro and reduce metastasis in mice.	Carbohydrates	127-139	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	106-116
32029456-2	2020	PARP1, PARP2, PARP7, PARP10, and PARP14 regulate central and peripheral carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and often channel pathological disruptive metabolic signals.	Carbohydrates	72-84	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
32051250-6	2020	We conclude that leaf cells regulate PD trafficking in response to changing carbohydrate availability monitored by the TOR pathway.	Carbohydrates	76-88	RAR related orphan receptor C	Homo sapiens	119-122
32131447-8	2020	Total protein, fat, and carbohydrate intake, as well as total energy intake, primarily showed a positive association with IGF-1 levels, particularly between 30 and 33 weeks PMA.	Carbohydrates	24-36	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	122-127
31814179-2	2020	Dectin-2 is one PRR recognizing unselective carbohydrate structures; its participation in PTD has never been studied before.	Carbohydrates	44-56	C-type lectin domain family 4, member n	Mus musculus	0-8
32029456-2	2020	PARP1, PARP2, PARP7, PARP10, and PARP14 regulate central and peripheral carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and often channel pathological disruptive metabolic signals.	Carbohydrates	72-84	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 2	Homo sapiens	7-12
32029456-2	2020	PARP1, PARP2, PARP7, PARP10, and PARP14 regulate central and peripheral carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and often channel pathological disruptive metabolic signals.	Carbohydrates	72-84	TCDD inducible poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase	Homo sapiens	14-19
32029456-2	2020	PARP1, PARP2, PARP7, PARP10, and PARP14 regulate central and peripheral carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and often channel pathological disruptive metabolic signals.	Carbohydrates	72-84	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase family member 10	Homo sapiens	21-27
32103179-3	2020	The responsible enzymes-ALG3, ALG9, ALG12, ALG6, ALG8 and ALG10-are glycosyltransferases of the C-superfamily (GT-Cs), which are loosely defined as containing membrane-spanning helices and processing an isoprenoid-linked carbohydrate donor substrate3,4.	Carbohydrates	221-233	dolichyl-P-Man:Man(7)GlcNAc(2)-PP-dolichol alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	36-41
31654087-4	2020	In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of 25, 50, and 100 muM rosmarinic acid on specific carbohydrate antigens in human skin fibroblasts.	Carbohydrates	99-111	latexin	Homo sapiens	67-70
31900315-2	2020	Drosophila melanogaster fed high-sugar diets exhibit complications of human obesity including hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, cardiomyopathy, increased susceptibility to infection, and reduced longevity.	Carbohydrates	33-38	insulin	Homo sapiens	125-132
31981963-2	2020	Although impaired regulation of adiponectin, a major metabolism-regulating hormone, has been implicated in major depressive disorder, its role in seasonal changes in mood and seasonal affective disorder-winter type (SAD), a disorder characterized by onset of mood impairment and metabolic dysregulation (e.g., carbohydrate craving and weight gain) in fall/winter and spontaneous alleviation in spring/summer, has not been previously studied.	Carbohydrates	310-322	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	32-43
32103179-3	2020	The responsible enzymes-ALG3, ALG9, ALG12, ALG6, ALG8 and ALG10-are glycosyltransferases of the C-superfamily (GT-Cs), which are loosely defined as containing membrane-spanning helices and processing an isoprenoid-linked carbohydrate donor substrate3,4.	Carbohydrates	221-233	dolichyl-P-Glc:Glc(2)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-PP-dolichol alpha-1,2- glucosyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	58-63
31960994-6	2020	Interestingly, deletion of the G1 cyclin, CLN3, which resulted in an increase in cell size, mitochondria and lipid stores, partially rescued meiosis progression and spore ascus formation but not spore number in storage carbohydrate-deficient strains.	Carbohydrates	219-231	cyclin CLN3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	42-46
31756367-5	2020	We review the evidence for an important role of sodium-coupled glucose uptake through SGLT1 for carbohydrate sensing, of free-fatty acid receptors FFAR1/FFAR4 and the monoacyl-glycerol sensing receptor GPR119 for lipid detection, of the calcium-sensing receptor CASR and GPR142 for protein sensing, and additional modulation by neurotransmitters such as somatostatin and galanin.	Carbohydrates	96-108	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Homo sapiens	86-91
32081018-3	2020	Among the mechanisms of action, independent of the loss of weight and fat tissue, surgery leads to the release of gut hormones related to carbohydrate metabolism (the rapid and continuous release of insulin), appetite and degree of satiety (glucagon-like peptide 1, peptide Y-Y, grhelin).	Carbohydrates	138-150	insulin	Homo sapiens	199-206
32018318-15	2020	By binding of the CA to the farnesoid X-nuclear receptor [FXR] and the membranous G-protein-coupled CA receptor-1 [GPBAR1, TGR5], mannifold effects within the fat and carbohydrate metabolism are induced.	Carbohydrates	167-179	G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	115-121
32103275-2	2020	The prevalence was 1.4% based on blood sample biomarker analysis using carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) and 3.5% for gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT).	Carbohydrates	71-83	transferrin	Homo sapiens	94-105
32091240-2	2021	This study focused on hexane fraction from Brazilian M. nigra leaves (Hex-Mn) effects on digestion and absorption of carbohydrate in diabetic mice.	Carbohydrates	117-129	hematopoietically expressed homeobox	Mus musculus	70-73
32091240-6	2021	The results suggest that Hex-Mn may delay the carbohydrate digestion, but not glucose transport through brush border membrane of the intestine, which contribute with reduction in postprandial hyperglycemia in mice.	Carbohydrates	46-58	hematopoietically expressed homeobox	Mus musculus	25-28
32091240-7	2021	Hex-Mn has antihyperglycemic effect by attenuating the carbohydrate digestion in diabetic mice, which could be explained, at least in part, by the presence of isoquercetin and kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside.	Carbohydrates	55-67	hematopoietically expressed homeobox	Mus musculus	0-3
31841385-1	2020	Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and strategies based on this blood sugar-reducing and appetite-suppressing hormone are used to treat obesity and type-2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	67-72	glucagon	Homo sapiens	0-23
32219135-7	2020	Preoperative oral carbohydrates may facilitate control of preoperative blood glucose, improve postoperative insulin resistance in diabetes patients, and decrease the occurrence of adverse reactions.	Carbohydrates	18-31	insulin	Homo sapiens	108-115
31703891-7	2020	The relationship between carbohydrate chemical structure and their chromatographic retention data and characteristic ions obtained by multiple-stage mass spectrometry (MSn) was successful in establishing some specific criteria that allowed the characterization of trisaccharides with different structural features.	Carbohydrates	25-37	moesin	Homo sapiens	168-171
31891539-2	2020	OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that enhanced myocardial DFA partitioning and reduced LV function may be induced concomitantly with reduced insulin sensitivity upon a 7-day hypercaloric (+50% in caloric intake), high saturated fat (~11% of energy) and simple carbohydrates (~54% of energy) diet (HIGHCAL) vs. an isocaloric diet (ISOCAL) with a moderate amount of saturated fat (~8% of energy) and carbohydrates (~50% of energy).	Carbohydrates	254-267	insulin	Homo sapiens	135-142
32068963-6	2020	The impacts of PHYB2 or PHYB2Y252H -overexpression on fruit primary metabolism were limited to a slight promotion in lipid biosynthesis and reduction in sugar accumulation.	Carbohydrates	153-158	phytochrome B2	Solanum lycopersicum	15-20
32069857-7	2020	Results indicate that a carbohydrate distribution of 50% in the morning favors lower blood glucose and improvement in insulin sensitivity in women with GDM, but in contrary gives a higher glycemic variability.	Carbohydrates	24-36	insulin	Homo sapiens	118-125
31626814-10	2020	The model predicts trajectories to fat Type II diabetes with hypertriglyceridemia due to high carbohydrate moderate fat diets, on which insulin rises before falling, as ectopic fat deposits increase; made fatter and more diabetic by higher lipid consumption.	Carbohydrates	94-106	insulin	Homo sapiens	136-143
32028576-3	2020	Insulin did not cure the disease, as it did not address the actual disease process, but instead treated its sequelae, namely elevated blood sugars.	Carbohydrates	140-146	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
31891539-2	2020	OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that enhanced myocardial DFA partitioning and reduced LV function may be induced concomitantly with reduced insulin sensitivity upon a 7-day hypercaloric (+50% in caloric intake), high saturated fat (~11% of energy) and simple carbohydrates (~54% of energy) diet (HIGHCAL) vs. an isocaloric diet (ISOCAL) with a moderate amount of saturated fat (~8% of energy) and carbohydrates (~50% of energy).	Carbohydrates	392-405	insulin	Homo sapiens	135-142
31841385-1	2020	Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and strategies based on this blood sugar-reducing and appetite-suppressing hormone are used to treat obesity and type-2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	67-72	glucagon	Homo sapiens	25-30
31937111-0	2020	A proof-of-concept analysis of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin by imaged capillary isoelectric focusing and in-capillary immunodetection.	Carbohydrates	31-43	transferrin	Homo sapiens	54-65
31937111-1	2020	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is a reliable biomarker for chronic alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
31961852-6	2020	Here, we show that SUB-mediated signal transduction also regulates the cellular response to a reduction in the biosynthesis of cellulose, a central carbohydrate component of the cell wall.	Carbohydrates	148-160	Leucine-rich repeat protein kinase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	19-22
31240708-8	2020	The expression of PPAR gamma was high in the presence of sucrose and galactose, possibly of adipogenic cocktail in enhancing the expression rather than the effect of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	166-178	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	18-28
31690508-3	2020	In this review, site-specific roles of the NO synthase (NOS)-NO pathway in carbohydrate metabolism are discussed.	Carbohydrates	75-87	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	43-54
31624846-3	2020	The effects of altered expression of AKINbeta1 on carbohydrate metabolism and gene expression in leaves were investigated in an Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion mutant.	Carbohydrates	50-62	5'-AMP-activated protein kinase beta-2 subunit protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	37-46
31979278-5	2020	In saccharification and delignification studies using rice straw, the transformant (tVP7, T. reesei Rut-C30 expressing G. lucidum-derived rVP1) showed significant improvement in the yield of total reducing sugar and delignification, compared with that of the parent T. reesei Rut-C30 strain.	Carbohydrates	206-211	claudin 3	Rattus norvegicus	138-142
31902063-10	2020	Frequent blood glucose measurements along with patient education on insulin dosing based on carbohydrate counting, premeal blood glucose, and anticipated physical activity is paramount, as is education on the management of blood glucose under different circumstances.Plain Language Summary: Plain language summary is available for this article.	Carbohydrates	92-104	insulin	Homo sapiens	68-75
31837163-5	2020	Moreover, correlations were found between microbial genes coding for carbohydrate-binding module family 48 (CBM48) and intestinal epithelial expression levels of AMPK beta.	Carbohydrates	69-81	protein kinase, AMP-activated, beta 1 non-catalytic subunit	Mus musculus	162-171
31918019-6	2020	These bioactive compounds exert versatile anti-diabetic activities via modulating targeted cellular signaling networks, thereby, improving glucose metabolism, alpha -glycosidase, and glucose transport or aldose reductase by carbohydrate metabolic pathway in pancreatic beta-cells, hepatocytes, adipocytes and skeletal myofibres.	Carbohydrates	224-236	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B	Homo sapiens	204-220
31937306-1	2020	BACKGROUND: Galectin-9 is a beta-galactoside-binding protein with two carbohydrate recognition domains.	Carbohydrates	70-82	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 9	Mus musculus	12-22
31635735-8	2020	T2 relaxation spectra obtained from NMR experiments showed that number of distinct peaks reduced with the addition of SPI while relaxation times of peaks changed when different type of sugar.	Carbohydrates	185-190	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	118-121
31936570-6	2020	This review seeks to discuss the most recent insights into how pathogens target DC and macrophage metabolism to subvert potential deleterious immune responses against them, by focusing on the metabolic pathways that are known to regulate and to be regulated by mTOR signaling including amino acid, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and autophagy.	Carbohydrates	308-320	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	261-265
31941049-5	2020	Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that a biomarker panel consisting of miR-200b and miR-200c from total and EpCAM-positive serum exosomes enhanced the diagnostic accuracy of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA.19-9) to 97% (p &lt; 0.0001).	Carbohydrates	202-214	microRNA 200b	Homo sapiens	99-107
31941049-5	2020	Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that a biomarker panel consisting of miR-200b and miR-200c from total and EpCAM-positive serum exosomes enhanced the diagnostic accuracy of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA.19-9) to 97% (p &lt; 0.0001).	Carbohydrates	202-214	epithelial cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	136-141
31669519-0	2020	Galectin-1 attenuates neurodegeneration in Parkinson"s disease model by modulating microglial MAPK/IkappaB/NFkappaB axis through its Carbohydrate-recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	133-145	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	107-115
32025843-1	2020	PURPOSE: Oral carbohydrate consumption before surgery improves insulin sensitivity, cardiac output and well-being, and shortens hospital stays without adverse effects.	Carbohydrates	14-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	63-70
31998418-0	2020	Sex-Specific Associations of Trimethylamine-N-Oxide and Zonulin with Signs of Depression in Carbohydrate Malabsorbers and Nonmalabsorbers.	Carbohydrates	92-104	haptoglobin	Homo sapiens	56-63
31669519-9	2020	The protective effects and modulation of the MAPK/IkappaB/NFkappaB signaling pathway were abolished with beta-D-galactose which blocked the carbohydrate-recognition domain of galectin-1.	Carbohydrates	140-152	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	58-66
31669519-10	2020	The present study demonstrated that galectin-1 inhibited microglia activation and ameliorated neurodegenerative process in PD model by modulating MAPK/IkappaB/NFkappaB axis through its Carbohydrate-recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	185-197	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	159-167
31868000-1	2020	BACKGROUND: C-type lectin receptors, including Dectin-2, are pattern recognition receptors on monocytes and macrophages that mainly recognize sugars and sugar-like structures present on fungi.	Carbohydrates	142-148	C-type lectin domain family 4, member n	Mus musculus	47-55
31455688-5	2020	Insulin was dosed using individual insulin/carbohydrate ratio as a dual-wave 50/50% over 2 h. On subsequent visits, participants repeated the 20-60-g fat meals with the insulin dose estimated using a model predictive bolus, up to twice per meal, until glycemic control was achieved.	Carbohydrates	43-55	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
30488792-9	2020	Pro-inflammatory cytokines also locally suppress the IGF-1and insulin functions, hence increase the FoxO activation and decrease the Akt function, the central point of carbohydrates lipid and protein metabolism .	Carbohydrates	168-181	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	133-136
31868000-1	2020	BACKGROUND: C-type lectin receptors, including Dectin-2, are pattern recognition receptors on monocytes and macrophages that mainly recognize sugars and sugar-like structures present on fungi.	Carbohydrates	142-147	C-type lectin domain family 4, member n	Mus musculus	47-55
32416711-5	2020	The drug indirectly participates in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism, influencing the increase in insulin sensitivity, supporting cellular uptake of glucose.	Carbohydrates	54-66	insulin	Homo sapiens	107-114
32155622-0	2020	Preoperative Oral Carbohydrate Reduces Postoperative Insulin Resistance by Activating AMP-Activated Protein Kinase after Colorectal Surgery.	Carbohydrates	18-30	insulin	Homo sapiens	53-60
31707476-7	2020	Insulin infusion during both mild and severe exercise resulted in increased insulin concentrations (p < 0.01) and GUR (p < 0.01) compared with glucose (40%GI by 25.2%; 70%GI by 26.2%), but failed to significantly affect carbohydrate, fat and protein oxidation.	Carbohydrates	220-232	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
31596655-11	2020	Ingredients that slow carbohydrate digestion in a snack reduce the postprandial glucose and insulin responses compared to a product without these ingredients.	Carbohydrates	22-34	insulin	Homo sapiens	92-99
31758164-0	2020	Correction: Effect of high milk and sugar-sweetened and noncaloric soft drink intake on insulin sensitivity after 6 months in overweight and obese adults: a randomized controlled trial.	Carbohydrates	36-41	insulin	Homo sapiens	88-95
31982934-1	2020	OBJECTIVES: This study aims to (1) assess the associations between sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) consumption and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and (2) evaluate the modifying effect of body mass index (BMI) on the association between SSB consumption and CRP levels.	Carbohydrates	67-72	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	115-133
31982934-1	2020	OBJECTIVES: This study aims to (1) assess the associations between sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) consumption and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and (2) evaluate the modifying effect of body mass index (BMI) on the association between SSB consumption and CRP levels.	Carbohydrates	67-72	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	135-138
33684919-1	2020	INTRODUCTION: Growth hormone (GH) is a central hormone for regulating linear growth during childhood and also highly involved in the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, and protein.	Carbohydrates	155-168	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	14-28
33684919-1	2020	INTRODUCTION: Growth hormone (GH) is a central hormone for regulating linear growth during childhood and also highly involved in the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, and protein.	Carbohydrates	155-168	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	30-32
32265097-1	2020	Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of multiple etiology, characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbance of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism resulting from defect in insulin secretion, insulin action or both.	Carbohydrates	124-136	insulin	Homo sapiens	191-198
31536111-0	2020	Overexpression of HvCslF6 in barley grain alters carbohydrate partitioning plus transfer tissue and endosperm development.	Carbohydrates	49-61	CslF6	Hordeum vulgare	18-25
32306327-5	2020	The carbohydrate-binding activity of HA also promotes attachment to the basolateral cell surface, which increases the frequency of contact between HA and E-cadherin.	Carbohydrates	4-16	cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	154-164
31968349-3	2020	As thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), an endogenous inhibitor of Trx, is overexpressed in DM due to carbohydrate response element within its promoter, we hypothesized that inhibition of Trx1 by enhanced TXNIP expression in endothelial cells may play a role in hyperglycemia-induced impairment of angiogenesis.	Carbohydrates	106-118	thioredoxin interacting protein	Homo sapiens	3-34
31968349-3	2020	As thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), an endogenous inhibitor of Trx, is overexpressed in DM due to carbohydrate response element within its promoter, we hypothesized that inhibition of Trx1 by enhanced TXNIP expression in endothelial cells may play a role in hyperglycemia-induced impairment of angiogenesis.	Carbohydrates	106-118	thioredoxin interacting protein	Homo sapiens	36-41
33476495-13	2020	In patients with DM2 leptin and insulin deficiency was revealed, which was confirmed by the presence of negative correlations between insulin concentration and energy consumption (r=-0.817, p<0.001) and carbohydrates intake (r=-0.299, p<0.001), as well as between carbohydrate intake and leptin concentration (r=-0.221, p<0.01) and HOMA-IR (r=-0.257, p<0.005).	Carbohydrates	203-215	insulin	Homo sapiens	32-39
32884632-3	2020	The problems are greatest with oral/enteral feeding and especially with carbohydrate due to it increasing plasma insulin and thus glucose entry into cells.	Carbohydrates	72-84	insulin	Homo sapiens	113-120
31905885-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Pasta is a refined carbohydrate with a low glycemic index.	Carbohydrates	31-43	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	12-17
31905885-11	2019	CONCLUSIONS: In people with type-2 diabetes, the consumption of pasta, within the limits recommended for total carbohydrates intake, is not associated with worsening of glucose control, measures of adiposity, and major cardiovascular risk factors.	Carbohydrates	111-124	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	64-69
31888275-3	2019	Hexokinase (HXK) is a sugar-phosphorylating enzyme involved in guard cells" sugar-sensing, mediating stomatal closure and coordinating photosynthesis with transpiration.	Carbohydrates	22-27	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
31905727-2	2019	Here, we review fructose and glucose metabolism, as well as potential molecular mechanisms by which excessive sugar consumption is associated to metabolic diseases and insulin resistance in humans.	Carbohydrates	110-115	insulin	Homo sapiens	168-175
31863782-4	2019	AgRP increased the respiratory exchange ratio, indicating a reduction of fat oxidation and a shift toward carbohydrates as the primary fuel source.	Carbohydrates	106-119	agouti related neuropeptide	Mus musculus	0-4
31862954-1	2019	The nuclear receptor Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) is activated by bile acids and controls multiple metabolic processes, including bile acid, lipid, carbohydrate, amino acid and energy metabolism.	Carbohydrates	146-158	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4	Mus musculus	43-46
31888175-1	2019	Evidence of the role that dietary carbohydrates (total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, total sugars, dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL)) exerts on insulin levels in adolescents is controversial.	Carbohydrates	34-47	insulin	Homo sapiens	161-168
31888175-2	2019	Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the association between dietary carbohydrates and insulin resistance in adolescents from Chiapas, Mexico.	Carbohydrates	74-87	insulin	Homo sapiens	92-99
31888175-8	2019	Multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to assess the association between tertiles of dietary carbohydrates and insulin resistance or hyperinsulinemia.	Carbohydrates	106-119	insulin	Homo sapiens	124-131
31719144-6	2019	MPO is a homodimeric glycoprotein, post-translationally modified with complex sugars at specific sites.	Carbohydrates	78-84	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-3
31878318-7	2019	The addition of Cr at 3 mg/kg, irrespective of the form used, regulated the level of hormones of carbohydrate metabolism (increasing insulin levels and reducing glucagon levels) and had an adverse effect on the antioxidant status of the liver and breast muscle.	Carbohydrates	97-109	insulin	Gallus gallus	133-140
31908791-9	2019	These different glycemic responses reflected different patterns of insulin secretion: in controls, insulin secretion was greatly increased after carbohydrate versus protein/fat (median insulin tAUC0-4h727 vs 335 pmol/L, p=0.04), but in KCNJ11 cases insulin secretion was similar after carbohydrate and protein/fat (median insulin tAUC0-4h327 vs 378 pmol/L, p=0.50).	Carbohydrates	145-157	insulin	Homo sapiens	99-106
31908791-9	2019	These different glycemic responses reflected different patterns of insulin secretion: in controls, insulin secretion was greatly increased after carbohydrate versus protein/fat (median insulin tAUC0-4h727 vs 335 pmol/L, p=0.04), but in KCNJ11 cases insulin secretion was similar after carbohydrate and protein/fat (median insulin tAUC0-4h327 vs 378 pmol/L, p=0.50).	Carbohydrates	145-157	insulin	Homo sapiens	99-106
31908791-9	2019	These different glycemic responses reflected different patterns of insulin secretion: in controls, insulin secretion was greatly increased after carbohydrate versus protein/fat (median insulin tAUC0-4h727 vs 335 pmol/L, p=0.04), but in KCNJ11 cases insulin secretion was similar after carbohydrate and protein/fat (median insulin tAUC0-4h327 vs 378 pmol/L, p=0.50).	Carbohydrates	145-157	insulin	Homo sapiens	99-106
31908791-9	2019	These different glycemic responses reflected different patterns of insulin secretion: in controls, insulin secretion was greatly increased after carbohydrate versus protein/fat (median insulin tAUC0-4h727 vs 335 pmol/L, p=0.04), but in KCNJ11 cases insulin secretion was similar after carbohydrate and protein/fat (median insulin tAUC0-4h327 vs 378 pmol/L, p=0.50).	Carbohydrates	145-157	insulin	Homo sapiens	99-106
31908791-9	2019	These different glycemic responses reflected different patterns of insulin secretion: in controls, insulin secretion was greatly increased after carbohydrate versus protein/fat (median insulin tAUC0-4h727 vs 335 pmol/L, p=0.04), but in KCNJ11 cases insulin secretion was similar after carbohydrate and protein/fat (median insulin tAUC0-4h327 vs 378 pmol/L, p=0.50).	Carbohydrates	285-297	insulin	Homo sapiens	99-106
31908791-9	2019	These different glycemic responses reflected different patterns of insulin secretion: in controls, insulin secretion was greatly increased after carbohydrate versus protein/fat (median insulin tAUC0-4h727 vs 335 pmol/L, p=0.04), but in KCNJ11 cases insulin secretion was similar after carbohydrate and protein/fat (median insulin tAUC0-4h327 vs 378 pmol/L, p=0.50).	Carbohydrates	285-297	insulin	Homo sapiens	99-106
31908791-9	2019	These different glycemic responses reflected different patterns of insulin secretion: in controls, insulin secretion was greatly increased after carbohydrate versus protein/fat (median insulin tAUC0-4h727 vs 335 pmol/L, p=0.04), but in KCNJ11 cases insulin secretion was similar after carbohydrate and protein/fat (median insulin tAUC0-4h327 vs 378 pmol/L, p=0.50).	Carbohydrates	285-297	insulin	Homo sapiens	99-106
31908791-9	2019	These different glycemic responses reflected different patterns of insulin secretion: in controls, insulin secretion was greatly increased after carbohydrate versus protein/fat (median insulin tAUC0-4h727 vs 335 pmol/L, p=0.04), but in KCNJ11 cases insulin secretion was similar after carbohydrate and protein/fat (median insulin tAUC0-4h327 vs 378 pmol/L, p=0.50).	Carbohydrates	285-297	insulin	Homo sapiens	99-106
31908791-10	2019	Conclusions: Individuals with sulfonylurea-treated KCNJ11 PNDM produce similar levels of insulin in response to both carbohydrate and protein/fat meals despite carbohydrate resulting in much higher glucose levels and protein/fat resulting in relatively low glucose levels.	Carbohydrates	117-129	insulin	Homo sapiens	89-96
31888275-3	2019	Hexokinase (HXK) is a sugar-phosphorylating enzyme involved in guard cells" sugar-sensing, mediating stomatal closure and coordinating photosynthesis with transpiration.	Carbohydrates	22-27	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	12-15
31888275-3	2019	Hexokinase (HXK) is a sugar-phosphorylating enzyme involved in guard cells" sugar-sensing, mediating stomatal closure and coordinating photosynthesis with transpiration.	Carbohydrates	76-81	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
31888275-3	2019	Hexokinase (HXK) is a sugar-phosphorylating enzyme involved in guard cells" sugar-sensing, mediating stomatal closure and coordinating photosynthesis with transpiration.	Carbohydrates	76-81	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	12-15
31548244-2	2019	Our aim was to study whether a three-meal diet (3Mdiet) with a carbohydrate-rich breakfast may upregulate clock gene expression and, as a result, allow dose reduction of insulin, leading to weight loss and better glycemic control compared with an isocaloric six-meal diet (6Mdiet).	Carbohydrates	63-75	insulin	Homo sapiens	170-177
31809527-4	2019	Snf5 and other subunits of SWI/SNF complex were required to activate genes of carbon utilization and other carbohydrates related process specifically under hypoxia.	Carbohydrates	107-120	SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily b, member 1	Mus musculus	0-4
31866940-2	2019	Therefore, we conducted this cross-sectional study to explore the associations between apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes and serum levels of fasting blood sugar, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, and low density lipoprotein in a cognitively normal aging Han Chinese population.	Carbohydrates	155-160	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	87-103
31233805-0	2019	Carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) predicts heavy drinking in adolescents with alcohol dependence.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
31233805-2	2019	Carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) is a valid biomarker of heavy drinking in adults; however, it is not well examined in adolescents.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
31233805-4	2019	Blood samples from participants were assayed for percent of transferrin that was carbohydrate deficient (%CDT).	Carbohydrates	81-93	transferrin	Homo sapiens	60-71
31454430-9	2019	Studies indicate that the postprandial glycaemic response and insulin requirements for protein are different when protein is consumed alone or with carbohydrate and/or fat.	Carbohydrates	148-160	insulin	Homo sapiens	62-69
31890038-14	2019	Older patients had higher levels of total DD and physician DD than younger (p = 0.0048 and p = 0.0413; respectively).Total DD and DD on subscales 1 and 2 were higher in patients using fixed doses of insulin compared to variable doses according to carbohydrates count (p = 0.0392, p = 0.0383 and p = 0.0043, respectively).	Carbohydrates	247-260	insulin	Homo sapiens	199-206
31817648-6	2019	The chronic exposure to fats and carbohydrates induces dramatic changes in the liver zonation and triggers the development of insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	33-46	insulin	Homo sapiens	126-133
31801490-7	2019	Partial least squares discriminant analysis showed a significant difference in the metabolic profile between the fasting and carbohydrate groups, compatible with the endocrine effects of insulin (i.e., increased serum-lactate and pyruvate and decreased ketone bodies and amino acids in the carbohydrate group).	Carbohydrates	125-137	insulin	Homo sapiens	187-194
31801490-7	2019	Partial least squares discriminant analysis showed a significant difference in the metabolic profile between the fasting and carbohydrate groups, compatible with the endocrine effects of insulin (i.e., increased serum-lactate and pyruvate and decreased ketone bodies and amino acids in the carbohydrate group).	Carbohydrates	290-302	insulin	Homo sapiens	187-194
31801490-8	2019	Among ER-positive tumors (n = 18), glutathione was significantly elevated in the carbohydrate group compared to the fasting group (p = 0.002), with a positive correlation between preoperative S-insulin levels and the glutathione content in tumors (r = 0.680; p = 0.002).	Carbohydrates	81-93	insulin	Homo sapiens	194-201
31867286-1	2019	Catabolic control protein (CcpA) is linked to complex carbohydrate utilization and virulence factor in many bacteria species, influences the transcription of target genes by many mechanisms.	Carbohydrates	54-66	catabolite control protein A	Streptococcus sanguinis SK36	27-31
31072150-1	2019	The reaction mechanism of glycoside hydrolases belonging to family 1 (GH1) of carbohydrate-active enzymes classification, hydrolysing beta-O-glycosidic bonds, is well characterised.	Carbohydrates	78-90	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	70-73
31734225-1	2019	OBJECTIVE: To compare basal insulin and mTOR signaling in subcutaneous fat of obese T2DM vs. obese subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), and correlate it with clinical parameters of carbohydrate metabolism and incretin secretion profiles.	Carbohydrates	190-202	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	40-44
31712130-6	2019	In the TOR pathway, LST8 homolog (mLST8) expression in the high lipid group was downregulated, and the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) expression in the high carbohydrate group was downregulated and eIF4E expression was upregulated.	Carbohydrates	165-177	MTOR associated protein, LST8 homolog (S. cerevisiae)	Mus musculus	34-39
31775252-8	2019	Metabolic pathway analysis implicated ADGRL4/ELTD1 in pyrimidine, amino acid, and sugar metabolism.	Carbohydrates	82-87	adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L4	Homo sapiens	38-44
29988085-4	2019	Four loci replicated and reached genome-wide significance in a combined meta-analysis including 123,659 European descent participants, unraveling two novel loci; a common variant in RARB locus for carbohydrate intake and a rare variant in DRAM1 locus for protein intake, and corroborating earlier FGF21 and FTO findings.	Carbohydrates	197-209	retinoic acid receptor beta	Homo sapiens	182-186
31759769-9	2019	Serum GLP-1 was highest in the RHI group after both single meals and after 5 drinks and following high- and low-carbohydrate meals (both P &lt;= .002), and this was the case also for glucagon levels (both P &lt;= .018), whereas ghrelin levels did not differ between groups.	Carbohydrates	112-124	glucagon	Homo sapiens	6-11
32076549-3	2019	The RISCK study was a 6-month randomised controlled dietary intervention study, which assessed the effect of modifying dietary fat and the glycaemic index (GI) of carbohydrates on insulin sensitivity.	Carbohydrates	163-176	insulin	Homo sapiens	180-187
31775252-8	2019	Metabolic pathway analysis implicated ADGRL4/ELTD1 in pyrimidine, amino acid, and sugar metabolism.	Carbohydrates	82-87	adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L4	Homo sapiens	45-50
31766428-0	2019	Milk Production, Milk Quality, and Behaviour of Dairy Cows Grazing on Swards with Low and High Water-Soluble Carbohydrates Content in Autumn: A Pilot Trial.	Carbohydrates	109-122	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
32202742-1	2019	Adult growth hormone (GH) deficiency (AGHD) is a condition characterized by alterations in body composition, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, bone mineral density and poor quality of life; however, clinical presentations of AGHD are mostly non-specific.	Carbohydrates	119-131	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	6-20
32202743-5	2019	In the course of numerous studies of intranasally administered insulin in animal models of diabetes mellitus, not only stabilization of carbohydrate homeostasis was shown, but also a positive effect in the form of restoration of the functional activity of insulin signaling pathways in the hypothalamus and other parts of the brain.	Carbohydrates	136-148	insulin	Homo sapiens	63-70
31803219-4	2019	Our recent discovery of stomatal regulation by sugars that is mediated by guard-cell hexokinase (HXK), a sugar-sensing enzyme, has raised the possibility that HXK might be used to increase plant water-use efficiency (WUE; i.e., carbon gain per unit of water).	Carbohydrates	47-53	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	85-95
31803219-4	2019	Our recent discovery of stomatal regulation by sugars that is mediated by guard-cell hexokinase (HXK), a sugar-sensing enzyme, has raised the possibility that HXK might be used to increase plant water-use efficiency (WUE; i.e., carbon gain per unit of water).	Carbohydrates	47-53	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	97-100
31803219-4	2019	Our recent discovery of stomatal regulation by sugars that is mediated by guard-cell hexokinase (HXK), a sugar-sensing enzyme, has raised the possibility that HXK might be used to increase plant water-use efficiency (WUE; i.e., carbon gain per unit of water).	Carbohydrates	47-53	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	159-162
31803219-4	2019	Our recent discovery of stomatal regulation by sugars that is mediated by guard-cell hexokinase (HXK), a sugar-sensing enzyme, has raised the possibility that HXK might be used to increase plant water-use efficiency (WUE; i.e., carbon gain per unit of water).	Carbohydrates	47-52	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	85-95
31803219-4	2019	Our recent discovery of stomatal regulation by sugars that is mediated by guard-cell hexokinase (HXK), a sugar-sensing enzyme, has raised the possibility that HXK might be used to increase plant water-use efficiency (WUE; i.e., carbon gain per unit of water).	Carbohydrates	47-52	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	97-100
31803219-4	2019	Our recent discovery of stomatal regulation by sugars that is mediated by guard-cell hexokinase (HXK), a sugar-sensing enzyme, has raised the possibility that HXK might be used to increase plant water-use efficiency (WUE; i.e., carbon gain per unit of water).	Carbohydrates	47-52	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	159-162
31712597-2	2019	Phosphorylation of PDH by one of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases 1-4 (PDK1-4) decreases the flux of carbohydrates into the TCA cycle.	Carbohydrates	103-116	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isoenzyme 1	Mus musculus	73-79
31803745-4	2019	Consequently, the therapeutic potency of a heparin is determined by its aIIa activity, i.e., the concentration of a domain in which 12 sugar flank the high affinity antithrombin-binding pentasaccharide (HA5) at one side.	Carbohydrates	135-140	keratin 35	Homo sapiens	203-206
31712597-3	2019	Inhibition of PDKs increases oxidative metabolism of carbohydrates, so targeting PDKs has emerged as an important therapeutic approach to manage various metabolic diseases.	Carbohydrates	53-66	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isoenzyme 1	Mus musculus	14-18
31712597-3	2019	Inhibition of PDKs increases oxidative metabolism of carbohydrates, so targeting PDKs has emerged as an important therapeutic approach to manage various metabolic diseases.	Carbohydrates	53-66	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isoenzyme 1	Mus musculus	81-85
31703648-9	2019	RESULTS: In the estrogen receptor (ER) positive subgroup (n = 50), high proliferation (MAI >= 10) occurred more often in the carbohydrate group (CH) than in the fasting group (p = 0.038).	Carbohydrates	125-137	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	16-33
31703648-9	2019	RESULTS: In the estrogen receptor (ER) positive subgroup (n = 50), high proliferation (MAI >= 10) occurred more often in the carbohydrate group (CH) than in the fasting group (p = 0.038).	Carbohydrates	125-137	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	35-37
31703648-17	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Pre-operative carbohydrate load increases proliferation and PR-negativity in ER-positive patients and worsens clinical outcome in ER-positive T2 patients.	Carbohydrates	27-39	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	90-92
31703648-17	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Pre-operative carbohydrate load increases proliferation and PR-negativity in ER-positive patients and worsens clinical outcome in ER-positive T2 patients.	Carbohydrates	27-39	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	143-145
31680542-3	2019	The physiological effects of IGF1 are promotion of tissue growth and development, stimulation of cell proliferation, effects on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, anabolic, anti-oxidant, neuro- and hepatoprotective properties.	Carbohydrates	138-150	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	29-33
31704828-0	2019	Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 Is a Prognostic Factor Which Correlates With HDAC1 and HIF-1alpha for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.	Carbohydrates	0-12	histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens	71-76
31704828-0	2019	Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 Is a Prognostic Factor Which Correlates With HDAC1 and HIF-1alpha for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.	Carbohydrates	0-12	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	81-91
31466840-0	2019	Low-carbohydrate diet by staple change attenuates postprandial GIP and CPR levels in type 2 diabetes patients.	Carbohydrates	4-16	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	63-66
31466840-0	2019	Low-carbohydrate diet by staple change attenuates postprandial GIP and CPR levels in type 2 diabetes patients.	Carbohydrates	4-16	cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase	Homo sapiens	71-74
31466840-6	2019	CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that changing only the carbohydrate content of the staple food has benefits on glucose and lipid metabolism in T2DM patients concomitant with the decrease of insulin and GIP secretion, which ameliorate body weight gain and insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	59-71	insulin	Homo sapiens	194-201
31466840-6	2019	CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that changing only the carbohydrate content of the staple food has benefits on glucose and lipid metabolism in T2DM patients concomitant with the decrease of insulin and GIP secretion, which ameliorate body weight gain and insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	59-71	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	206-209
31466840-6	2019	CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that changing only the carbohydrate content of the staple food has benefits on glucose and lipid metabolism in T2DM patients concomitant with the decrease of insulin and GIP secretion, which ameliorate body weight gain and insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	59-71	insulin	Homo sapiens	259-266
31535418-4	2019	In addition, compared with the controls, 12 and 10 different metabolites involved in carbohydrate, amino acid, and fatty acid metabolism were screened in the 5 day"s spent culture medium of PPARGC1A overexpressed and suppressed embryos by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, respectively.	Carbohydrates	85-97	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	190-198
31780941-11	2019	Pathway analysis identified 11 carbohydrate, amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism pathways as the major disturbed pathways associated with PSS.	Carbohydrates	31-43	PSS	Homo sapiens	146-149
31781112-4	2019	Binding assays using recombinant rSP-A expressed in insect cells showed that lack of proline hydroxylation, truncations of amino-terminal oligomerization domains, and site-directed serine (S) or alanine (A) mutagenesis of cysteine 6 (C6S), glutamate 195 (E195A), and glutamate 171 (E171A) in the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) all impaired SP-A binding.	Carbohydrates	296-308	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	33-38
31689951-1	2019	BACKGROUND: The ingestion of whey protein and amino acids with carbohydrate (CHO) enhances the release of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent-insulinotropic peptide (GIP) that promote insulin secretion.	Carbohydrates	63-75	glucagon	Homo sapiens	106-129
31689951-1	2019	BACKGROUND: The ingestion of whey protein and amino acids with carbohydrate (CHO) enhances the release of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent-insulinotropic peptide (GIP) that promote insulin secretion.	Carbohydrates	63-75	glucagon	Homo sapiens	131-136
31689951-1	2019	BACKGROUND: The ingestion of whey protein and amino acids with carbohydrate (CHO) enhances the release of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent-insulinotropic peptide (GIP) that promote insulin secretion.	Carbohydrates	63-75	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	142-182
31689951-1	2019	BACKGROUND: The ingestion of whey protein and amino acids with carbohydrate (CHO) enhances the release of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent-insulinotropic peptide (GIP) that promote insulin secretion.	Carbohydrates	63-75	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	184-187
31689951-1	2019	BACKGROUND: The ingestion of whey protein and amino acids with carbohydrate (CHO) enhances the release of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent-insulinotropic peptide (GIP) that promote insulin secretion.	Carbohydrates	63-75	insulin	Homo sapiens	160-167
31554421-8	2019	However, carbohydrate, when replacing fat, increased the fractional catabolic rate of ApoA1 and ApoA2 on alpha3 HDL; ApoE on alpha3 and alpha1 HDL; and ApoM on alpha2 HDL.	Carbohydrates	9-21	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	86-91
31554421-8	2019	However, carbohydrate, when replacing fat, increased the fractional catabolic rate of ApoA1 and ApoA2 on alpha3 HDL; ApoE on alpha3 and alpha1 HDL; and ApoM on alpha2 HDL.	Carbohydrates	9-21	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	117-121
31554421-8	2019	However, carbohydrate, when replacing fat, increased the fractional catabolic rate of ApoA1 and ApoA2 on alpha3 HDL; ApoE on alpha3 and alpha1 HDL; and ApoM on alpha2 HDL.	Carbohydrates	9-21	apolipoprotein M	Homo sapiens	152-156
31335204-1	2019	Background: Euglyca  is a mobile application which we developed for children and adolescents suffering type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) for calculation of the appropriate insulin bolus dose by importing in the equation carbohydrates, lipids, glucose levels, and personalized parameters.	Carbohydrates	218-231	insulin	Homo sapiens	170-177
31338545-2	2019	We compared a carbohydrate-reduced high-protein (CRHP) diet with an iso-energetic conventional diabetes (CD) diet to elucidate the effects on glycaemic control and selected cardiovascular risk markers during 6 weeks of full food provision of each diet.	Carbohydrates	14-26	cysteine rich protein 1	Homo sapiens	49-53
31291451-1	2019	BACKGROUND: It is often assumed that lower postprandial glucose (PPG) and insulin (PPI) responses are induced by slower glucose influx from the gut (e.g., by delayed carbohydrate digestion).	Carbohydrates	166-178	insulin	Homo sapiens	74-81
31885637-9	2019	Additionally, it was also found that HD can regulate the protein expression of GLUT4 and AMPK to interfere with TCA cycle and carbohydrate metabolism to treat T2DM.	Carbohydrates	126-138	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	89-93
25905386-0	2000	Growth Hormone in Aging Growth hormone (GH) serves important roles in adult life, including maintenance of lean body mass and bone mass, promoting lipolysis, thereby limiting visceral adiposity, and regulating carbohydrate metabolism, cardiovascular system function, aerobic exercise capacity and cognitive function.	Carbohydrates	210-222	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	0-14
31655603-8	2019	RESULTS: Exogenous carbohydrate oxidation contributed 27.6 +- 6.6% to the total energy yield with CHO-HG and the peak exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rate reached 1.33 +- 0.27 g min- 1.	Carbohydrates	19-31	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	179-185
31655603-8	2019	RESULTS: Exogenous carbohydrate oxidation contributed 27.6 +- 6.6% to the total energy yield with CHO-HG and the peak exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rate reached 1.33 +- 0.27 g min- 1.	Carbohydrates	128-140	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	179-185
31557043-1	2019	Aerobic Pd(AcO)2/pyridine-catalyzed oxidation of unprotected carbohydrate-based terminal alkenes was studied.	Carbohydrates	61-73	aconitase 2	Homo sapiens	11-16
31658729-1	2019	Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia together with disturbances in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fat, which in general results from an insulin availability and need imbalance.	Carbohydrates	134-147	insulin	Homo sapiens	200-207
25905386-0	2000	Growth Hormone in Aging Growth hormone (GH) serves important roles in adult life, including maintenance of lean body mass and bone mass, promoting lipolysis, thereby limiting visceral adiposity, and regulating carbohydrate metabolism, cardiovascular system function, aerobic exercise capacity and cognitive function.	Carbohydrates	210-222	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	24-38
25905386-0	2000	Growth Hormone in Aging Growth hormone (GH) serves important roles in adult life, including maintenance of lean body mass and bone mass, promoting lipolysis, thereby limiting visceral adiposity, and regulating carbohydrate metabolism, cardiovascular system function, aerobic exercise capacity and cognitive function.	Carbohydrates	210-222	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	40-42
31686980-11	2019	Immediately after the marathon race, we observed a negative correlation between IL-8 and daily EI, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, iron, calcium, potassium, and sodium intakes, and higher levels of IL-8 on runners with <3 g/kg/day of carbohydrate intake compared to runners with >5 g/kg/day.	Carbohydrates	99-111	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	80-84
31686980-11	2019	Immediately after the marathon race, we observed a negative correlation between IL-8 and daily EI, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, iron, calcium, potassium, and sodium intakes, and higher levels of IL-8 on runners with <3 g/kg/day of carbohydrate intake compared to runners with >5 g/kg/day.	Carbohydrates	228-240	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	80-84
31686980-12	2019	We demonstrated a positive correlation between daily carbohydrate intake and IL-10 and a negative correlation between TNF-alpha and % of energy intake recommended, carbohydrate and fiber intakes.	Carbohydrates	164-176	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	118-127
31679727-5	2019	Carbohydrate intake is not limited, but carbohydrate counting can be used to guide insulin dosing and maintain consistent blood glucose levels.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	83-90
31254933-7	2019	ENG-scFv-iLPs enabled efficient targeting delivery of alpha1,3 GT plasmid to ENG + tumors neovascular endothelial cells (TnECs), promoted endosomal/lysosomal escape due to the pH-sensitive ability, then synthesized carbohydrate epitope alphaGal on the surface of these cells to achieve the purpose of destroying the tumor.	Carbohydrates	215-227	immunglobulin heavy chain variable region	Homo sapiens	4-8
31254933-7	2019	ENG-scFv-iLPs enabled efficient targeting delivery of alpha1,3 GT plasmid to ENG + tumors neovascular endothelial cells (TnECs), promoted endosomal/lysosomal escape due to the pH-sensitive ability, then synthesized carbohydrate epitope alphaGal on the surface of these cells to achieve the purpose of destroying the tumor.	Carbohydrates	215-227	brain protein 1	Mus musculus	54-65
32184874-0	2019	Designing an Engineered Construct Gene Sensitive to Carbohydrate In-vitro and Candidate for Human Insulin Gene Therapy In-vivo.	Carbohydrates	52-64	insulin	Homo sapiens	98-105
31679727-5	2019	Carbohydrate intake is not limited, but carbohydrate counting can be used to guide insulin dosing and maintain consistent blood glucose levels.	Carbohydrates	40-52	insulin	Homo sapiens	83-90
31443772-2	2019	A feature of refined carbohydrates is their predisposition to cause increased fluctuations in plasma insulin and glucose levels and postprandial reactive hypoglycaemia.	Carbohydrates	21-34	insulin	Homo sapiens	101-108
31443772-5	2019	This paper explores the evidence that increased insulin resistance that is commonly associated with increased adiposity possibly because of shared locations on the genome is a phenotypic plastic adaptation to the increased consumption of refined carbohydrates and their predisposition to cause increased fluctuations in plasma insulin and plasma glucose and post-prandial reactive hypoglycaemia both of which have negative impacts on the metabolism.	Carbohydrates	246-259	insulin	Homo sapiens	48-55
31443772-5	2019	This paper explores the evidence that increased insulin resistance that is commonly associated with increased adiposity possibly because of shared locations on the genome is a phenotypic plastic adaptation to the increased consumption of refined carbohydrates and their predisposition to cause increased fluctuations in plasma insulin and plasma glucose and post-prandial reactive hypoglycaemia both of which have negative impacts on the metabolism.	Carbohydrates	246-259	insulin	Homo sapiens	327-334
31443772-6	2019	Obesity, that is a relatively stable state of increased adiposity and insulin resistance has adaptive and defensive features to these fluctuations in plasma insulin and glucose in that metabolic disorders associated with refined carbohydrate consumption are often mitigated and modified as exemplified by the obesity paradox.	Carbohydrates	229-241	insulin	Homo sapiens	70-77
31443772-6	2019	Obesity, that is a relatively stable state of increased adiposity and insulin resistance has adaptive and defensive features to these fluctuations in plasma insulin and glucose in that metabolic disorders associated with refined carbohydrate consumption are often mitigated and modified as exemplified by the obesity paradox.	Carbohydrates	229-241	insulin	Homo sapiens	157-164
31548844-2	2019	This study aimed to determine whether the quality and quantity of dietary carbohydrates were associated with apelin gene expression in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues.	Carbohydrates	74-87	apelin	Homo sapiens	109-115
31180129-7	2019	However, the CAZome (i.e., the total collection of proteins encoded within a genome active on carbohydrates) of C. perfringens strain CP1 encodes several putative and known enzymes with activities consistent with the modification of mucin.	Carbohydrates	94-107	mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Gallus gallus	233-238
31616316-7	2019	Enrichment analysis and comparison with a dataset of atrial tissue from AF patients revealed indications of increased carbohydrate metabolism and changes in pathways that are thought to play critical roles in human AF, including TGF-beta and IL-6 signaling.	Carbohydrates	118-130	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	242-246
31323006-9	2019	Circulating FGF21 levels correlated negatively with carbohydrate intake (r = -0.232, p = 0.022) and positively with body weight (r = 0.269, p = 0.007), waist (r = 0.242, p = 0.016) and hip girth (r = 0.204, p = 0.042).	Carbohydrates	52-64	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	12-17
31546675-1	2019	The Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) is considered an attractive therapeutic target for obesity and obesity-related disorders due to its beneficial effects in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	172-184	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	4-31
31546675-1	2019	The Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) is considered an attractive therapeutic target for obesity and obesity-related disorders due to its beneficial effects in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	172-184	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	33-38
31548844-13	2019	Future studies are warranted to illustrate the chronic and acute effect of carbohydrate quality on apelin homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	75-87	apelin	Homo sapiens	99-105
31890243-13	2019	Conclusions: These findings suggest that ADF combined with a low-carbohydrate diet is effective for weight loss, weight maintenance, and improving certain metabolic disease risk factors such as LDL cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting insulin.	Carbohydrates	65-77	insulin	Homo sapiens	239-246
31402260-6	2019	Binding of a carbohydrate Lewis X (CD15) to CD209 mediated neutrophil binding to the MS.	Carbohydrates	13-25	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	35-39
31402260-6	2019	Binding of a carbohydrate Lewis X (CD15) to CD209 mediated neutrophil binding to the MS.	Carbohydrates	13-25	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	44-49
29236963-4	2019	We observed that parkin null flies showed improvement in all assays tested when stearic acid was added to the high protein diet but not to the high carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	148-160	parkin	Drosophila melanogaster	17-23
30590420-4	2019	In this study, we found that prominin-like (promL) loss-of-function mutant flies show an extended life span and metabolic defects such as increased circulating carbohydrates, lipid storage, and starvation resistance.	Carbohydrates	160-173	prominin-like	Drosophila melanogaster	29-42
30590420-4	2019	In this study, we found that prominin-like (promL) loss-of-function mutant flies show an extended life span and metabolic defects such as increased circulating carbohydrates, lipid storage, and starvation resistance.	Carbohydrates	160-173	prominin-like	Drosophila melanogaster	44-49
31543685-14	2019	Comparison of the baseline data showed that high CEA/tumor size was correlated with older age, high TNM stage, the presence of perineural invasion, high CEA, and high carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9).	Carbohydrates	167-179	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	49-52
31399469-0	2019	Lactate dehydrogenase and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase cooperatively regulate growth and carbohydrate metabolism during Drosophila melanogaster larval development.	Carbohydrates	95-107	Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1	Drosophila melanogaster	26-60
31513773-1	2019	Parasitic protists belonging to the genus Leishmania synthesize the non-canonical carbohydrate reserve, mannogen, which is composed of beta-1,2-mannan oligosaccharides.	Carbohydrates	82-94	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 1	Homo sapiens	135-143
31693469-9	2019	Rats fed with the high-fructose high-fat or high-cholesterol diets demonstrated consistent changes in the expression of the Crot, Prom1, and RGD1305464 genes, which reflected a coordinated shift in the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms.	Carbohydrates	226-238	similar to human chromosome 15 open reading frame 39	Rattus norvegicus	141-151
31500139-12	2019	In addition, we identified miR-532-5p as a candidate marker to determine personal alterations in physical training performance on a case-by-case analysis taking the influence of a carbohydrate-rich nutrition into account.	Carbohydrates	180-192	microRNA 532	Homo sapiens	27-34
31468229-4	2019	N-Glycoprofiling analysis of G-hPRL provided: (i) identification of each N-glycan structure and relative intensity; (ii) average N-glycan mass; (iii) molecular mass of the whole glycoprotein and relative carbohydrate mass fraction; (iv) mass fraction of each monosaccharide.	Carbohydrates	204-216	prolactin	Homo sapiens	31-35
31265327-6	2019	Interestingly, there were significant increase in indices of insulin sensitivity (32.5 +- 3.5 vs. 25.6 +- 3.2 10-5 (dl kg-1 min-2)/pM, P = 0.006) and beta-cell responsivity (disposition index: 1,817 +- 234 vs. 1,236 +- 159 10-14 (dl kg-1 min-2)/pM, P &lt; 0.005) with complex than simple carbohydrate meals.	Carbohydrates	288-300	insulin	Homo sapiens	61-68
31112338-1	2019	AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate current evidence to determine whether oral preoperative carbohydrate drinks shorten hospital stays, reduce insulin resistance and/or improve postoperative discomfort for patients undergoing abdominal or cardiac surgery.	Carbohydrates	89-101	insulin	Homo sapiens	140-147
31112338-14	2019	Preoperative carbohydrate drinks significantly reduced insulin resistance and improved postoperative discomfort especially in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.	Carbohydrates	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	55-62
31029921-2	2019	The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the genetic variant rs1501299 ADIPOQ gene on biochemical changes after weight loss secondary to a high-protein and low-carbohydrate diet versus a standard severe hypocaloric diet over 9 mo as the primary endpoint.	Carbohydrates	171-183	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	82-88
31295549-0	2019	The Drosophila nuclear receptors EcR and ERR jointly regulate the expression of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	98-110	Ecdysone receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	33-36
31295549-6	2019	EcR was detected at a subset of the ERR target genes responsible for carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	69-81	Ecdysone receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	0-3
30768859-0	2019	Assessment of optimal insulin administration timing for standard carbohydrates-rich meals using continuous glucose monitoring in children with type 1 diabetes: A cross-over randomized study.	Carbohydrates	65-78	insulin	Homo sapiens	22-29
30768859-9	2019	CONCLUSIONS: For carbohydrates-rich meals, administration of a proper dose of a rapid-acting insulin analog is crucial.	Carbohydrates	17-30	insulin	Homo sapiens	93-100
30716465-0	2019	OSBP-related protein 2 (ORP2): Unraveling its functions in cellular lipid/carbohydrate metabolism, signaling and F-actin regulation.	Carbohydrates	74-86	oxysterol binding protein like 2	Homo sapiens	0-22
30716465-0	2019	OSBP-related protein 2 (ORP2): Unraveling its functions in cellular lipid/carbohydrate metabolism, signaling and F-actin regulation.	Carbohydrates	74-86	oxysterol binding protein like 2	Homo sapiens	24-28
31266901-7	2019	By contrast, a variant of LSF1 with mutations in the carbohydrate binding module did not complement lsf1 Thus, glucan binding, but not phosphatase activity, is required for the function of LSF1 in starch degradation.	Carbohydrates	53-65	like SEX4 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	26-30
31473839-3	2019	However, the low glycemic index (GI) diet, characterized by intake of high-quality, complex carbohydrates, demonstrated lower insulin use and reduced risk of macrosomia in multiple reviews.	Carbohydrates	92-105	insulin	Homo sapiens	126-133
31398901-1	2019	The unique stereoelectronic properties of sp2-iminosugars enable their participation in glycosylation reactions, thereby behaving as true carbohydrate chemical mimics.	Carbohydrates	138-150	Sp2 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	42-45
31534973-0	2019	Effect of Inulin-Type Carbohydrates on Insulin Resistance in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.	Carbohydrates	22-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	39-46
31415630-3	2019	Transketolase (TKT) is a thiamine pyrophosphate (vitamin B1)-dependent enzyme that links the pentose phosphate pathway with the glycolytic pathway by feeding excess sugar phosphates into the main carbohydrate metabolic pathways to generate biosynthetic reducing capacity in the form of NADPH as a substrate for ROS generation.	Carbohydrates	196-208	transketolase	Homo sapiens	0-13
31415630-3	2019	Transketolase (TKT) is a thiamine pyrophosphate (vitamin B1)-dependent enzyme that links the pentose phosphate pathway with the glycolytic pathway by feeding excess sugar phosphates into the main carbohydrate metabolic pathways to generate biosynthetic reducing capacity in the form of NADPH as a substrate for ROS generation.	Carbohydrates	196-208	transketolase	Homo sapiens	15-18
31511777-13	2019	MPD participants had reductions in perceived stress, BMI, calorie, carbohydrate and fat intake, and increases in spiritual well-being.	Carbohydrates	67-79	mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase	Homo sapiens	0-3
31215694-0	2019	Glycopeptides by Linch-Pin C-H Activations for Peptide-Carbohydrate Conjugation by Manganese(I)-Catalysis.	Carbohydrates	55-67	dynein light chain LC8-type 1	Homo sapiens	23-26
31393762-5	2019	This article discusses the case of a child with type 1 diabetes who was successfully treated with a very low-carbohydrate diet, resulting in normal levels of HbA1c and normal blood glucose 95% of the time in a range of 70-180 mg/dL (4.0 mmol/L-10 mmol/L).	Carbohydrates	109-121	immunoglobulin kappa variable 3-7 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	242-246
31450565-8	2019	Dietary patterns such as Mediterranean-style, dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH), low-carbohydrate, and low-fat diets can ameliorate insulin resistance and MetS.	Carbohydrates	98-110	insulin	Homo sapiens	145-152
30624666-2	2019	OBJECTIVES: We speculated that a carbohydrate-reduced, high-protein (CRHP) diet might reduce the risk of hypoglycemia and therefore compared the acute effects of a conventionally recommended (CR) diet and CRHP diet [55/30 energy percent (E%) carbohydrate and 15/30 E% protein, respectively] in RYGB patients.	Carbohydrates	33-45	cysteine rich protein 1	Homo sapiens	69-73
30890358-4	2019	The detection of the carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) glycoforms is currently a widely employed method for the diagnosis of chronic alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	21-33	transferrin	Homo sapiens	44-55
30844053-0	2019	Augmented GLP-1 Secretion as Seen After Gastric Bypass May Be Obtained by Delaying Carbohydrate Digestion.	Carbohydrates	83-95	glucagon	Homo sapiens	10-15
30170779-14	2019	Further exploratory analyses though showed that for those patients who required insulin during ICU admission, increased insulin dose was associated with increasing carbohydrate (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.003, 1.001-1.005, p = 0.001).	Carbohydrates	164-176	insulin	Homo sapiens	80-87
30170779-14	2019	Further exploratory analyses though showed that for those patients who required insulin during ICU admission, increased insulin dose was associated with increasing carbohydrate (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.003, 1.001-1.005, p = 0.001).	Carbohydrates	164-176	insulin	Homo sapiens	120-127
30170779-18	2019	Increased carbohydrate intake was associated with an increased insulin requirement, as well as increased duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU length of stay.	Carbohydrates	10-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	63-70
30844053-2	2019	OBJECTIVE: To investigate distal [GLP-1; peptide YY (PYY)] and proximal [glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)] gut hormone secretion in response to carbohydrates hydrolyzed at different rates.	Carbohydrates	162-175	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	73-117
30844053-2	2019	OBJECTIVE: To investigate distal [GLP-1; peptide YY (PYY)] and proximal [glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)] gut hormone secretion in response to carbohydrates hydrolyzed at different rates.	Carbohydrates	162-175	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	119-122
31221289-14	2019	RQ was lower in the NF1 group than in the control group (0.9 +- 0.1 versus 0.8 +- 0.1; P = 0.008), revealing that individuals with NF1 oxidized more lipids and fewer carbohydrates than controls.	Carbohydrates	166-179	neurofibromin 1	Homo sapiens	20-23
31221289-14	2019	RQ was lower in the NF1 group than in the control group (0.9 +- 0.1 versus 0.8 +- 0.1; P = 0.008), revealing that individuals with NF1 oxidized more lipids and fewer carbohydrates than controls.	Carbohydrates	166-179	neurofibromin 1	Homo sapiens	131-134
30844053-13	2019	CONCLUSIONS: GLP-1 secretion depends on the rate of carbohydrate digestion, but in a different manner after RYGB.	Carbohydrates	52-64	glucagon	Homo sapiens	13-18
30844053-1	2019	CONTEXT: Exaggerated postprandial glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion seems important for weight loss and diabetes remission after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and may result from carbohydrate absorption in the distal small intestine.	Carbohydrates	189-201	glucagon	Homo sapiens	34-57
30844053-14	2019	Enhanced GLP-1 secretion is central after RYGB, but it may also be obtained in unoperated individuals by delaying hydrolysis of carbohydrates, pushing their digestion and absorption distally in the small intestine.	Carbohydrates	128-141	glucagon	Homo sapiens	9-14
30844053-1	2019	CONTEXT: Exaggerated postprandial glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion seems important for weight loss and diabetes remission after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and may result from carbohydrate absorption in the distal small intestine.	Carbohydrates	189-201	glucagon	Homo sapiens	59-64
30963238-10	2019	In vitro, trehalose and other soluble carbohydrates promoted NR activity, which was blocked by the tricarboxylic acid cycle inhibitor iodoacetic acid.	Carbohydrates	38-51	nitrate reductase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	61-63
31393394-7	2019	The levels of squamous cell carcinoma antigen (P = .001), carbohydrate antigen 125 (P = .041), and neuron-specific enolase (P &lt; .001) were positively correlated with plasma Fbg concentration.	Carbohydrates	58-70	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	176-179
31227231-1	2019	Carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) is a key transcriptional regulator of de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in response to carbohydrates and in hepatic steatosis.	Carbohydrates	134-147	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	0-45
31357547-0	2019	Substantial and Sustained Improvements in Blood Pressure, Weight and Lipid Profiles from a Carbohydrate Restricted Diet: An Observational Study of Insulin Resistant Patients in Primary Care.	Carbohydrates	91-103	insulin	Homo sapiens	147-154
31227231-1	2019	Carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) is a key transcriptional regulator of de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in response to carbohydrates and in hepatic steatosis.	Carbohydrates	134-147	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	47-53
30991018-0	2019	Rapid detection of insulin by immune-enrichment with silicon-nanoparticle-assisted MALDI-TOF MS. BACKGROUND: Insulin is central to regulating fat and carbohydrate metabolism in the body.	Carbohydrates	150-162	insulin	Homo sapiens	19-26
31143899-1	2019	Insulin is an important polypeptide hormone that regulates carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	59-71	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
30991018-0	2019	Rapid detection of insulin by immune-enrichment with silicon-nanoparticle-assisted MALDI-TOF MS. BACKGROUND: Insulin is central to regulating fat and carbohydrate metabolism in the body.	Carbohydrates	150-162	insulin	Homo sapiens	109-116
30845346-2	2019	Whilst this is commonly assumed to be a consequence of chronic hyperglycaemia/hyperinsulinaemia, we hypothesized that acute physiological elevations in plasma [glucose]/[insulin] blunt the haemodynamic responses to NO3 - , a pertinent question for carbohydrate-rich Western diets.	Carbohydrates	248-260	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	215-218
31311846-3	2019	Here, we demonstrated that the carbohydrate-binding protein galectin-3 stimulated microenvironment remodeling in the cornea by promoting the paracrine action of secreted interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta).	Carbohydrates	31-43	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	170-187
30902326-9	2019	The BEH amide x C18 combination was selected for the LC x LC analysis of carbohydrate standards with different degrees of polymerization, linkages and monomeric units.	Carbohydrates	73-85	Bardet-Biedl syndrome 9	Homo sapiens	16-19
31269957-4	2019	Here we investigate whether CathL acts by inducing local production of the carbohydrate-binding protein galectin-1 (Gal1), which has been reported to be involved in tumourigenesis in other tumours.	Carbohydrates	75-87	cathepsin L	Homo sapiens	28-33
31079945-1	2019	The Cholesterol-synthesizing proteins (HMGCS1 and HMGCS2) are mitochondrial enzymes that believed to catalyze the first reaction of ketogenesis, the process by which energy is provided from fats in the absence of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	213-226	hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase, mitochondrial	Camelus dromedarius	50-56
31002814-6	2019	Inversely, the CD34+ SVF-cells showed higher capacities for cytosolic carbohydrate metabolism, represented by the activity of glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway.	Carbohydrates	70-82	CD34 molecule	Homo sapiens	15-19
31055873-1	2019	Essentials Von Willebrand Factor (VWF) is extensively glycosylated with serial studies demonstrating that these carbohydrate determinants play critical roles in regulating multiple aspects of VWF biology.	Carbohydrates	112-124	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	11-32
31055873-7	2019	An increasing body of evidence has confirmed that these carbohydrate determinants play critical roles in regulating multiple aspects of VWF biology.	Carbohydrates	56-68	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	136-139
31096073-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is a component of breast milk that consists of glycosylated membrane-bound proteins, polar lipids and carbohydrates originating from the mammary gland plasma membrane.	Carbohydrates	147-160	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	12-16
31096073-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is a component of breast milk that consists of glycosylated membrane-bound proteins, polar lipids and carbohydrates originating from the mammary gland plasma membrane.	Carbohydrates	147-160	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	70-74
31104223-3	2019	The aim of this work was to investigate the role of fucosylated carbohydrate epitopes CD15 and sialyated CD15s in cancer adhesion to brain-derived endothelial cells and determine their influence in blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption METHODS: Three distinct, independent methods were used to measure brain endothelial integrity and include voltohmmeter (EVOM ), impedance spectroscopy (CellZscope ) and electric cell-substrate impedance sensing system (ECIS ).	Carbohydrates	64-76	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	86-90
31055873-1	2019	Essentials Von Willebrand Factor (VWF) is extensively glycosylated with serial studies demonstrating that these carbohydrate determinants play critical roles in regulating multiple aspects of VWF biology.	Carbohydrates	112-124	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	34-37
31055873-1	2019	Essentials Von Willebrand Factor (VWF) is extensively glycosylated with serial studies demonstrating that these carbohydrate determinants play critical roles in regulating multiple aspects of VWF biology.	Carbohydrates	112-124	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	192-195
31242623-5	2019	The combination of the 19F with standard proton saturation transfer difference (1H-STD-NMR) data, assisted by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, permits us to successfully define this new binding epitope, where Man coordinates a Ca2+ ion of the lectin carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) through the axial OH-2 and equatorial OH-3 groups, thus mimicking the Fuc/DC-SIGN binding architecture.	Carbohydrates	254-266	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	366-373
31302995-5	2019	Conversely, risks associated with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, high blood pressure, prediabetes or type-2 diabetes, and high intraocular pressure and increases in carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, gamma glutamyl transferase, and blood glucose levels were present when &gt;8 drinks were consumed.	Carbohydrates	174-186	insulin	Homo sapiens	34-41
31302995-5	2019	Conversely, risks associated with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, high blood pressure, prediabetes or type-2 diabetes, and high intraocular pressure and increases in carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, gamma glutamyl transferase, and blood glucose levels were present when &gt;8 drinks were consumed.	Carbohydrates	174-186	transferrin	Homo sapiens	197-208
31029770-1	2019	The incretin effect, the amplification of insulin secretion occurring when glucose is taken in orally as compared to infused intravenously, is one of the factors that help the body to tolerate carbohydrate/glucose ingestion.	Carbohydrates	193-205	insulin	Homo sapiens	42-49
31262006-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation during exercise attenuates exercise-induced increases in plasma Interleukin (IL)-6 concentration.	Carbohydrates	12-24	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	111-129
31247933-4	2019	RESULTS: Most of the data suggest that replacing carbohydrates with any fat, but particularly polyunsaturated fat, will lower triglyceride(TG), increase high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and lower blood pressure, but have no effects on fasting glucose in normal volunteers or insulin sensitivity, as assessed by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamps.	Carbohydrates	49-62	insulin	Homo sapiens	286-293
31309112-9	2019	Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that the upregulated or downregulated carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms probably involved in carcinogenicity of shRNA-CNE2 (P-value cut-off was 0.05).	Carbohydrates	134-146	conserved non-coding element -2	Homo sapiens	215-219
31275349-0	2019	Carbohydrate Sensing Through the Transcription Factor ChREBP.	Carbohydrates	0-12	MLX interacting protein-like	Mus musculus	54-60
31174360-4	2019	The effect of the basal insulin dose on the amount of orally administered carbohydrates was evaluated by Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test.	Carbohydrates	74-87	insulin	Homo sapiens	24-31
30949906-0	2019	Efficacy and Safety of Fast-Acting Insulin Aspart in People with Type 1 Diabetes Using Carbohydrate Counting: A Post Hoc Analysis of Two Randomised Controlled Trials.	Carbohydrates	87-99	insulin	Homo sapiens	35-42
31060834-2	2019	BACKGROUND &amp; AIMS: People on intensive insulin therapy usually calculate their premeal insulin dose based on the total amount of consumed carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	142-155	insulin	Homo sapiens	43-50
31060834-2	2019	BACKGROUND &amp; AIMS: People on intensive insulin therapy usually calculate their premeal insulin dose based on the total amount of consumed carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	142-155	insulin	Homo sapiens	91-98
31060838-12	2019	CONCLUSIONS: A low carbohydrate formula was associated with reduced insulin use and glycaemic variability in enterally-fed critically ill patients with hyperglycaemia.	Carbohydrates	19-31	insulin	Homo sapiens	68-75
29803668-8	2019	Ferritin, gamma-glutamyl transferase and carbohydrate deficient transferrin (all P < 0.0001) were higher in drinkers compared to non-drinkers, but CRP was similar (P = 0.77).	Carbohydrates	41-53	transferrin	Homo sapiens	64-75
29803668-11	2019	In fully adjusted models, interactions existed between ferritin and gamma-glutamyl transferase, self-reported alcohol use and carbohydrate deficient transferrin in predicting all-cause (P <= 0.012) and cardiovascular mortality (P <= 0.003).	Carbohydrates	126-138	transferrin	Homo sapiens	149-160
30949906-1	2019	INTRODUCTION: Insulin dosing based on carbohydrate counting is the gold standard for improving glycaemic control in type 1 diabetes (T1D).	Carbohydrates	38-50	insulin	Homo sapiens	14-21
31539884-6	2019	FoxO1 is a protein that plays a crucial role in regulation of lipid and carbohydrates metabolism.	Carbohydrates	72-85	forkhead box O1	Homo sapiens	0-5
30401602-0	2019	The Effect of Preoperative Oral Carbohydrate Administration on Insulin Resistance and Comfort Level in Patients Undergoing Surgery.	Carbohydrates	32-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	63-70
30401602-1	2019	PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of preoperative oral carbohydrate solution (OCS) administration on postoperative insulin resistance and patient comfort in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.	Carbohydrates	79-91	insulin	Homo sapiens	139-146
31203640-0	2019	[Diagnostic and prognostic roles of serum progranulin, a novel marker of the carbohydrate metabolism and inflammation].	Carbohydrates	77-89	granulin precursor	Homo sapiens	42-53
31203640-5	2019	The review summarizes the currently available data on progranulin as a novel marker of the carbohydrate metabolism and inflammation.	Carbohydrates	91-103	granulin precursor	Homo sapiens	54-65
30776465-7	2019	Interestingly, hsa-miR-6515-5p and its target genes NLRP3, UGP2 may regulate the Immune system and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	99-111	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	52-57
31126048-3	2019	Patients made significant errors in carbohydrate counting (in 56% of cooked and 44% of noncooked meals), which resulted in inadequate insulin doses.	Carbohydrates	36-48	insulin	Homo sapiens	134-141
30776465-7	2019	Interestingly, hsa-miR-6515-5p and its target genes NLRP3, UGP2 may regulate the Immune system and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	99-111	UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2	Homo sapiens	59-63
30796112-1	2019	OBJECTIVE: To reduce exercise-associated hypoglycemia, individuals with type 1 diabetes on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion typically perform basal rate reductions (BRRs) and/or carbohydrate feeding, although the timing and amount of BRRs necessary to prevent hypoglycemia are unclear.	Carbohydrates	186-198	insulin	Homo sapiens	115-122
30771236-1	2019	RATIONALE: Discriminating between aglycone-substituted and saccharide-substituted saikosaponins by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MSn ) is a long-standing issue that is still to be resolved.	Carbohydrates	59-69	moesin	Homo sapiens	150-153
30714432-9	2019	In addition to prolonged fasting, a high-fat diet and a high-carbohydrate (no-protein) diet caused modification of daily expression rhythms of the genes, with characteristic changes in profiles of glucoregulatory hormones such as corticosterone, glucagon, and insulin, as well as their modulators including ghrelin, leptin, resistin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1).	Carbohydrates	61-73	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Mus musculus	334-378
30714432-9	2019	In addition to prolonged fasting, a high-fat diet and a high-carbohydrate (no-protein) diet caused modification of daily expression rhythms of the genes, with characteristic changes in profiles of glucoregulatory hormones such as corticosterone, glucagon, and insulin, as well as their modulators including ghrelin, leptin, resistin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1).	Carbohydrates	61-73	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Mus musculus	380-383
31236419-5	2019	The main findings were the following: (1) NK cells were more sensitive to the S-forms of LPS than the R-forms (LPS lacking O-antigen); (2) LPS triggered a significant increase in IFNgamma production by NK cells in concentrations about 1000 times higher than those that can induce cytokine production by macrophages; (3) the composition and structure of saccharide part of LPS have a strong influence on its observed effects on NK cells; and (4) LPS fully retained the ability to trigger cytokine production in NK cells in serum-free media.	Carbohydrates	353-363	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	179-187
30805811-9	2019	RESULTS: Regarding patients" clinicopathological characteristics, the serum levels of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and the rate of advanced tumor stage (pT2, 3, and 4) were significantly higher in the high-CAV1 group.	Carbohydrates	86-98	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	203-207
30670819-7	2019	This Review focuses on the role of products derived from microbial carbohydrate and protein fermentation in relation to obesity and obesity-associated insulin resistance, T2DM and NAFLD, and discusses the mechanisms involved.	Carbohydrates	67-79	insulin	Homo sapiens	151-158
30284224-0	2019	Fasting glucagon-like peptide 1 concentration is associated with lower carbohydrate intake and increases with overeating.	Carbohydrates	71-83	glucagon	Homo sapiens	8-31
30284224-8	2019	Fasting plasma GLP-1 on day 1 was negatively associated with carbohydrate intake (r = - 0.2, p = 0.03) and with daily energy intake from low fat-high simple sugar (r = - 0.22, p = 0.016).	Carbohydrates	61-73	glucagon	Homo sapiens	15-20
30284224-9	2019	CONCLUSION: Higher plasma GLP-1 concentrations prior to ad libitum food intake were associated with lower carbohydrate intake and lower simple sugar ingestion, indicating a possible role of the GLP-1 in the reward pathway regulating simple sugar intake.	Carbohydrates	106-118	glucagon	Homo sapiens	26-31
30260488-12	2019	CONCLUSIONS: A very high-protein and low-carbohydrate EN formula in a hypocaloric protocol reduces hyperglycemic events and insulin requirements while increasing glycemic events between 80-110 mg/dL.	Carbohydrates	41-53	insulin	Homo sapiens	124-131
31096476-1	2019	Thyroid function may alter carbohydrate metabolism via influence of insulin, which may in terms of derangement of thyroid function and insulin function result in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).	Carbohydrates	27-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	68-75
31096476-1	2019	Thyroid function may alter carbohydrate metabolism via influence of insulin, which may in terms of derangement of thyroid function and insulin function result in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).	Carbohydrates	27-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	135-142
30991634-5	2019	Our studies have established that a low protein to carbohydrate (P:C) ratio can increase lifespan, motor ability and mitochondrial function in a parkin mutant Drosophila model of PD.	Carbohydrates	51-63	parkin	Drosophila melanogaster	145-151
31602424-2	2019	Hyaluronan (HA) is a glycosaminoglycan, found in the extracellular matrix, which is synthesized by HA synthases (Has1/Has2/Has3) from sugar precursors and accumulates in diabetic conditions.	Carbohydrates	134-139	hyaluronan synthase 2	Mus musculus	118-122
31602424-2	2019	Hyaluronan (HA) is a glycosaminoglycan, found in the extracellular matrix, which is synthesized by HA synthases (Has1/Has2/Has3) from sugar precursors and accumulates in diabetic conditions.	Carbohydrates	134-139	hyaluronan synthase 3	Mus musculus	123-127
31037120-0	2019	Simultaneous analyses of carbohydrate-mediated serum GLP-1 and GLP-2 and duodenal receptor expression in children with and without celiac disease.	Carbohydrates	25-37	glucagon	Homo sapiens	63-68
31413910-4	2019	Using a novel monoclonal antibody (mAb) (Clone P4D2) that binds the C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of galectin-9, we demonstrate unique agonistic properties resulting in MM cell apoptosis.	Carbohydrates	79-91	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 9	Mus musculus	120-130
31024446-7	2019	These studies have identified crucial roles for ERRalpha in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism as well as in mitochondrial function under both physiological and pathological conditions.	Carbohydrates	70-82	estrogen related receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	48-56
30987116-1	2019	Stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA-1) is an antigenic epitope (also called CD15 antigen) defined as a Lewis X carbohydrate structure and known to be expressed in murine embryonal carcinoma cells, mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and murine and human germ cells, but not human ESCs/induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).	Carbohydrates	116-128	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	0-34
30944249-2	2019	Here, we studied the effect of dietary unsaturated fat compared with carbohydrate on the metabolism of HDL containing apoE.	Carbohydrates	69-81	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	118-122
30770394-12	2019	In addition, alterations in VWF carbohydrate expression are likely to contribute to quantitative and qualitative variations in VWF levels in the normal population.	Carbohydrates	32-44	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	28-31
30770394-12	2019	In addition, alterations in VWF carbohydrate expression are likely to contribute to quantitative and qualitative variations in VWF levels in the normal population.	Carbohydrates	32-44	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	127-130
30987297-7	2019	After the low-carbohydrate diet, testosterone and growth hormone concentrations increased, while the level of insulin decreased.	Carbohydrates	14-26	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	50-64
30987297-7	2019	After the low-carbohydrate diet, testosterone and growth hormone concentrations increased, while the level of insulin decreased.	Carbohydrates	14-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	110-117
30987326-15	2019	A conventional treatment to eradicate H. pylori could improve carbohydrate metabolism possibly in relation with an increase in GLP-1 secretion.	Carbohydrates	62-74	glucagon	Homo sapiens	127-132
30987116-1	2019	Stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA-1) is an antigenic epitope (also called CD15 antigen) defined as a Lewis X carbohydrate structure and known to be expressed in murine embryonal carcinoma cells, mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and murine and human germ cells, but not human ESCs/induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).	Carbohydrates	116-128	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	36-42
30987116-1	2019	Stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA-1) is an antigenic epitope (also called CD15 antigen) defined as a Lewis X carbohydrate structure and known to be expressed in murine embryonal carcinoma cells, mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and murine and human germ cells, but not human ESCs/induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).	Carbohydrates	116-128	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	81-85
30614551-9	2019	Other potential benefits of carbohydrate restriction may include fat mobilization and oxidation and reductions in the TG/HDL ratio, a marker of insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	28-40	insulin	Homo sapiens	144-151
30831022-6	2019	IL-6 was significantly correlated with HULIS (as the main fraction of WSOC with oxygenated carbohydrate structures characteristic), Pb, and endotoxin.	Carbohydrates	91-103	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	0-4
31280277-12	2019	Higher protein intake was accompanied with higher CRP and ESR and higher carbohydrate intake was related to higher CRP and lower nesfatin-1.	Carbohydrates	73-85	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	115-118
30629966-9	2019	81.1% recommend several dietary adjustments and 56.4% used rapid-acting insulin analog according to carbohydrate counting.	Carbohydrates	100-112	insulin	Homo sapiens	72-79
29374794-10	2019	CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that the interaction between ApoB Ins/Del and dietary intake of MUFA, SFA, n-3PUFA, carbohydrate and protein could modulate the serum levels of TG, LDL-C, leptin and ghrelin in T2DM patients.	Carbohydrates	121-133	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	66-70
30872065-2	2019	It allows diabetic patients to vary their amount of carbohydrates from one meal to another by adjusting their insulin dose.	Carbohydrates	52-65	insulin	Homo sapiens	110-117
30802722-4	2019	Because MI repressed the induction of fatty acid synthesis gene expression by high-fructose diet, we hypothesized that MI may reduce binding of ChREBP to the carbohydrate response elements (ChoREs) in the ChREBP-beta gene as well as in fatty acid synthesis genes in the liver.	Carbohydrates	158-170	MLX interacting protein-like	Rattus norvegicus	144-150
30802722-4	2019	Because MI repressed the induction of fatty acid synthesis gene expression by high-fructose diet, we hypothesized that MI may reduce binding of ChREBP to the carbohydrate response elements (ChoREs) in the ChREBP-beta gene as well as in fatty acid synthesis genes in the liver.	Carbohydrates	158-170	MLX interacting protein-like	Rattus norvegicus	205-211
30871211-8	2019	Crucially, tolerant line YE8112 drought-responsive genes were predominantly implicated in stress signal transduction; cellular redox homeostasis maintenance; MYB, NAC, WRKY, and PLATZ transcriptional factor modulated; carbohydrate synthesis and cell-wall remodeling; amino acid biosynthesis; and protein ubiquitination processes.	Carbohydrates	218-230	WRKY transcription factor WRKY76	Zea mays	168-172
31344206-13	2019	Variables significantly associated to better control were the use of carbohydrates for dosing rapid insulin (A1c 7,85% vs 8,59%, p = 0,008), use of CSII (A1c 7,36% vs 8,16%, p = 0,008), and basal dose &lt; 0,4 U/kg (A1c 7,81% vs 8,58%, p = 0,003).	Carbohydrates	69-82	insulin	Homo sapiens	100-107
31344206-15	2019	CONCLUSIONS: The use of formulas considering carbohydrates for dosing rapid insulin, use of infusion pumps and physiological doses of basal insulin are significantly associated with a better metabolic control in adults with T1d.	Carbohydrates	45-58	insulin	Homo sapiens	76-83
30871141-4	2019	We demonstrated that in most existing algorithms aimed at calculating prandial insulin doses in type 1 diabetes only carbohydrates are counted, whereas in type 2 diabetes the meal content is often not taken into consideration.	Carbohydrates	117-130	insulin	Homo sapiens	79-86
30863757-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Adiponectin (ADIPOQ) is an important factor involved in the regulation of both carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	91-103	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	12-23
30846785-0	2019	Three days of a eucaloric, low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet increases insulin clearance in healthy non-obese Japanese men.	Carbohydrates	31-43	insulin	Homo sapiens	68-75
30862903-6	2019	We found that after carbohydrate stimulus, ENaC open probability increased in split-open isolated collecting duct tubules, while ENaC protein levels remained unchanged.	Carbohydrates	20-32	sodium channel epithelial 1 subunit gamma	Rattus norvegicus	43-47
30862943-1	2019	Previous studies using citrin/mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) dehydrogenase (mGPD) double-knockout mice have demonstrated that increased dietary protein reduces the extent of carbohydrate-induced hyperammonemia observed in these mice.	Carbohydrates	184-196	atypical chemokine receptor 1 (Duffy blood group)	Mus musculus	86-90
30861997-1	2019	Efforts to identify a preferable diet for weight management based on macronutrient composition have largely failed, but recent evidence suggests that satiety effects of carbohydrates may depend on the individual"s insulin-mediated cellular glucose uptake.	Carbohydrates	169-182	insulin	Homo sapiens	214-221
30863757-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Adiponectin (ADIPOQ) is an important factor involved in the regulation of both carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	91-103	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	25-31
30832586-5	2019	Differences in the expression of genes with key roles in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism (e.g. FABP3, ORMDL1 and SLC37A1) were also detected.	Carbohydrates	57-69	solute carrier family 37 member 1	Sus scrofa	115-122
30840227-4	2019	A high-calorie meal, rich in carbohydrates and fats, significantly increased circulating levels of HSP90, reducing the normalising effect of DJOS.	Carbohydrates	29-42	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Rattus norvegicus	99-104
30944669-5	2019	The aim of this review is to critically present the metabolic effects of ANGPTL3, focusing on the possible mechanisms involved in the dysregulation of carbohydrate homeostasis by this protein.	Carbohydrates	151-163	angiopoietin-like 3	Mus musculus	73-80
30803496-4	2019	Second, we highlight the role of mTOR in lipogenesis, adipogenesis, beta-oxidation of lipids, and ketosis of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.	Carbohydrates	109-122	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	33-37
30700132-7	2019	The Apoa5-/- mice, which showed moderate hypertriglyceridemia on a chow diet, developed severe hypertriglyceridemia on high-carbohydrate feeding or aging as seen in patients with human apo AV deficiency.	Carbohydrates	124-136	apolipoprotein A-V	Mus musculus	4-9
30683668-7	2019	In contrast, GPAT1 is upregulated nutritionally by carbohydrate and insulin in a coordinated sequence of enzyme reactions, from saturated FA formation via de novo lipogenesis to FA esterification by GPAT1 and entry into the TAG biosynthesis pathway.	Carbohydrates	51-63	glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	13-18
30362180-2	2019	The use of insulin facilitated re-introduction of carbohydrate into the diet.	Carbohydrates	50-62	insulin	Homo sapiens	11-18
30607466-18	2019	The historical recommendation of routine carbohydrate intake at night-time breastfeeding may be obsolete in mothers with type 1 diabetes who have properly reduced insulin dose with sufficient carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	41-53	insulin	Homo sapiens	163-170
31237842-6	2019	RESULTS: The serum levels of GIP in the patients with type T1DM were significantly higher, compared to the individuals without carbohydrate disorders (P&lt;0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference in the GLP-1 levels.	Carbohydrates	127-139	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	29-32
30683668-7	2019	In contrast, GPAT1 is upregulated nutritionally by carbohydrate and insulin in a coordinated sequence of enzyme reactions, from saturated FA formation via de novo lipogenesis to FA esterification by GPAT1 and entry into the TAG biosynthesis pathway.	Carbohydrates	51-63	glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	199-204
30899527-9	2019	Evidence from randomized controlled trials indicated that plant-derived PUFA as an isocaloric replacement for SFA or carbohydrates probably reduces fasting insulin and HOMA-IR in populations without diabetes.	Carbohydrates	117-130	insulin	Homo sapiens	156-163
30363006-1	2019	PURPOSE: The short-term restriction of carbohydrate (CHO) can potentially influence iron regulation via modification of postexercise interleukin-6 (IL-6) and hepcidin levels.	Carbohydrates	39-51	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	133-146
30363006-1	2019	PURPOSE: The short-term restriction of carbohydrate (CHO) can potentially influence iron regulation via modification of postexercise interleukin-6 (IL-6) and hepcidin levels.	Carbohydrates	39-51	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	148-152
30399425-0	2019	Association between duplicated maltase genes and the transcriptional regulation for the carbohydrate changes in Drosophila melanogaster.	Carbohydrates	88-100	Maltase A3	Drosophila melanogaster	31-38
29907844-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Obesity and insulin resistance are characterized by metabolic inflexibility, a condition described as an inability to switch from fat oxidation during fasting to carbohydrate oxidation during hyperinsulinemia.	Carbohydrates	174-186	insulin	Homo sapiens	24-31
30125349-1	2019	The goal of this investigation was to examine clinical translation of glucose responsiveness of MK-2640, which is a novel insulin saccharide conjugate that can bind the insulin receptor or mannose receptor C type 1 (MRC1), the latter dependent upon glucose concentration.	Carbohydrates	130-140	insulin	Homo sapiens	122-129
30125349-1	2019	The goal of this investigation was to examine clinical translation of glucose responsiveness of MK-2640, which is a novel insulin saccharide conjugate that can bind the insulin receptor or mannose receptor C type 1 (MRC1), the latter dependent upon glucose concentration.	Carbohydrates	130-140	insulin	Homo sapiens	169-176
30374533-3	2019	METHODS: An ERP was implemented at our institution including: patient counseling, carbohydrate loading, avoidance of opioids, goal-directed fluid resuscitation, immediate postoperative feeding and early ambulation.	Carbohydrates	82-94	ETS transcription factor ELK3	Homo sapiens	12-15
29454501-0	2019	Postoperative inflammation and insulin resistance in relation to body composition, adiposity and carbohydrate treatment: A randomised controlled study.	Carbohydrates	97-109	insulin	Homo sapiens	31-38
29454501-7	2019	RESULTS: Major abdominal surgery was associated with a 42% reduction in insulin sensitivity from mean(SD) M value of 37.3(11.8) mumol kg-1 fat free mass (FFM) to 21.7(7.4) mumol kg-1 FFM, but this was not influenced by obesity or preoperative carbohydrate treatment.	Carbohydrates	243-255	insulin	Homo sapiens	72-79
30257977-5	2019	Plasma FGF21 concentration consistently increased by threefold only after the two low-protein (3%) overfeeding diets, one high in carbohydrate (75%) and the other high in fat (46%), with larger increases in FGF21 being associated with greater increases in 24-h EE.	Carbohydrates	130-142	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	7-12
30371117-3	2019	FTO and IGF2BP2 are the genetic loci associated with an increased risk of diabetes type 2 as well as being involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	129-141	insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	8-15
30458368-5	2019	At the same time, the existing data demonstrate that organotin compounds (OTCs) induces aberrant expression of PPARgamma-targeted genes, resulting in altered of adipokine, glucose transporter, proinflammatory cytokines levels, and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	241-253	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	111-120
30371117-13	2019	FTO and IGF2BP2 are the genetic loci associated with an increased risk of diabetes type 2, as well as being involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	130-142	insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	8-15
30616135-2	2019	Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is as an important regulator in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	68-80	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	0-27
30616135-2	2019	Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is as an important regulator in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	68-80	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	29-34
30180325-7	2019	Gene expression analysis showed that the PhACs-mediated effects on the carbohydrate content of fruits can be attributed, at least to some extent, to the significant modulation of the abundance of transcripts related to the biosynthesis and catabolism of sucrose, such as SlSuSys, SlLin5 and SlLin7.	Carbohydrates	71-83	beta-fructofuranosidase	Solanum lycopersicum	280-286
30487283-5	2019	Gal-9-mediated inhibition of HCMV was dependent upon its carbohydrate recognition domains and thus dependent on glycan interactions.	Carbohydrates	57-69	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	0-5
30642126-4	2019	Excessive dietary intake of saturated fats and carbohydrate-enriched foods contributes to both insulin resistance and NAFLD.	Carbohydrates	47-59	insulin	Homo sapiens	95-102
30511299-1	2019	Adiponectin plays a critically biological role in atherosclerosis, glucose utilization, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and triglyceride synthesis in animals and humans.	Carbohydrates	98-110	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	0-11
30678194-7	2019	Reduced dietary salt helps lower hypertension, less dietary sugar lowers risk of cardiovascular disease and obesity, and reducing proportion of dietary carbohydrates lowers post-meal insulin secretion and insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	152-165	insulin	Homo sapiens	183-190
30456952-3	2018	The compounds were also demonstrated to stimulate phagocytosis and pinocytosis indicative of binding to the carbohydrate binding domains of complement receptor 3 (CR3) and Dectin-1.	Carbohydrates	108-120	integrin alpha M	Mus musculus	163-166
31294769-0	2019	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin: utility of HPLC in handling atypical samples uninterpretable by capillary electrophoresis.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
31294769-1	2019	AIMS: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is a marker of chronic alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	6-18	transferrin	Homo sapiens	29-40
30620723-6	2019	Inversely, those catabolic activities that break down carbohydrates, lipids, and peptides were high in the short lifespan of Loco-upregulated flies.	Carbohydrates	54-67	locomotion defects	Drosophila melanogaster	125-129
30609941-7	2019	Thus, an inverse correlation between high dietary fiber consumption and low plasma insulin levels was only observed in individuals with the Bacteroides and Prevotella enterotypes, but not in Bifidobacterium enterotype individuals in whom the gut microbiota displayed overall lower microbial gene richness, alpha-diversity, functional potential for complex carbohydrate fermentation, and butyrate and succinate production.	Carbohydrates	356-368	insulin	Homo sapiens	83-90
30201543-5	2019	Furthermore, an interaction between dietary carbohydrate levels and lipid sources was also observed in the activities of liver mitochondrial Na+-K+-ATPase and respiratory chain complex III as well as the transcripts of ATP6 and PGC-1alpha.	Carbohydrates	44-56	ATP6	Megalobrama amblycephala	219-223
28625150-3	2019	Carbohydrates stimulate only small amounts of CCK release.	Carbohydrates	0-13	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	46-49
30488797-3	2019	Currently, it is known that the role of insulin is much greater than simply regulating carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	87-99	insulin	Homo sapiens	40-47
31614355-2	2019	Fibroblast growth factors, FGF19 and FGF21, are involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	70-82	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	37-42
31614355-9	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that increased concentrations of FGF19 and FGF21 in patients with CKD may be associated with the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	155-168	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	76-81
30569872-1	2019	BACKGROUND: The polysialic acid (polySia) is a unique carbohydrate polymer produced on the surface Of Neuronal Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM) in a number of cancer cells, and strongly correlates with the migration and invasion of tumor cells and with aggressive, metastatic disease and poor clinical prognosis in the clinic.	Carbohydrates	54-66	neuronal cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	102-133
30569872-1	2019	BACKGROUND: The polysialic acid (polySia) is a unique carbohydrate polymer produced on the surface Of Neuronal Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM) in a number of cancer cells, and strongly correlates with the migration and invasion of tumor cells and with aggressive, metastatic disease and poor clinical prognosis in the clinic.	Carbohydrates	54-66	neuronal cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	135-139
30472415-8	2019	Six weeks in-feed chronic treatment with the GPR142 agonist did not affect body weight in DIO mice, but increased energy expenditure and carbohydrate utilization, lowered basal glucose, and improved insulin sensitivity.	Carbohydrates	137-149	G protein-coupled receptor 142	Mus musculus	45-51
31058544-10	2019	These results suggest that the type of carbohydrate consumed is associated with increased BC regardless of the luminal A, HER2+, and TN subtypes.	Carbohydrates	39-51	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	122-126
30903769-13	2019	In the examined patients PTX-3 level increase was associated with violation of lipid and carbohydrate exchanges.	Carbohydrates	89-101	pentraxin 3	Homo sapiens	25-30
30591081-3	2018	Here we demonstrate for the first time the histopathological characteristics of TBCK deficiency consisting of 1) a widespread and massive accumulation of lipofuscin storage material in neurons of the central nervous system without notable neuronal degeneration, 2) storage deposits in few astrocytes, 3) carbohydrate-rich deposits in brain, spleen and liver and 4) vacuolated lymphocytes.	Carbohydrates	304-316	TBC1 domain containing kinase	Homo sapiens	80-84
30829588-7	2019	The obtained results indicate that the growth of immune inflammatory activity due to the proinflammatory parameter of calprotectin is accompanied by an increase in changes in carbohydrate homeostasis in the form of an increase in the degree of insulin resistance in patients with AMI and DM 2, and severity of cardiac ischemia.	Carbohydrates	175-187	insulin	Homo sapiens	244-251
32040893-2	2019	Somatotropin has various functions: stimulation of bone growth, regulation of carbohydrate, protein, lipid metabolism, metabolic function of the liver and energy balance.	Carbohydrates	78-90	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	0-12
30577875-9	2018	Daily insulin dose was significantly lower in CHI patients with diabetes than in patients with T1DM, both at diabetes onset (0.3 [0.2-0.5] vs. 0.6 IE/kg/d [0.4-0.8], p = 0.003) and follow-up (0.8 [0.4-1.0] vs. 0.9 [0.7-1.0] IE/kg/d, p = 0.02), while daily carbohydrate intake was comparable in both groups.	Carbohydrates	256-268	insulin	Homo sapiens	6-13
30352217-4	2018	Here we report that dietary nutrients, particularly proteins and carbohydrates, modulate the developmental timing through the CDK8/CycC/EcR pathway.	Carbohydrates	65-78	Ecdysone receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	136-139
30619736-9	2018	Pathway analysis of WWOX interactors identified a significant enrichment of metabolic pathways associated with proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids breakdown.	Carbohydrates	121-134	WW domain containing oxidoreductase	Homo sapiens	20-24
30740408-3	2018	Carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) and protein-linked glycan analysis with mass spectrometry can diagnose some subtypes of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), while many currently rely on massively parallel genomic sequencing for diagnosis.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
30522526-1	2018	BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease in which the body is unable to produce insulin or respond to insulin production, consequently leading to abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins causing elevation of glucose in the blood.	Carbohydrates	181-194	insulin	Homo sapiens	92-99
30522526-1	2018	BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease in which the body is unable to produce insulin or respond to insulin production, consequently leading to abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins causing elevation of glucose in the blood.	Carbohydrates	181-194	insulin	Homo sapiens	114-121
30555512-7	2018	A significant association in the co-regulation of gene expression was found between H3K18ac and the transcription factors Pip2 (involved in fatty acids metabolism), Xbp1 (cyclin implicated in the regulation of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism), and Hfi1 (involved in the formation of the SAGA complex).	Carbohydrates	210-222	oleate-activated transcription factor PIP2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	122-126
30265151-3	2018	We hypothesized that female Wistar rats challenged by a Western diet composed of 21% fat and 50% carbohydrate (34.1% sucrose) for 17 wk would develop endothelial dysfunction via endothelial Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling.	Carbohydrates	97-109	toll-like receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	190-210
30265151-3	2018	We hypothesized that female Wistar rats challenged by a Western diet composed of 21% fat and 50% carbohydrate (34.1% sucrose) for 17 wk would develop endothelial dysfunction via endothelial Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling.	Carbohydrates	97-109	toll-like receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	212-216
30702076-1	2018	The aim of this study was to determine the role of Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma gene, associated with lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, in the genesis of gestational weight gain (GWG).	Carbohydrates	123-135	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	80-90
30702076-11	2018	The modified transcriptional activity of PPAR-gamma gene, associated with lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, has a direct effect on the weight gain during pregnancy.	Carbohydrates	84-96	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	41-51
30400014-0	2018	Gut carbohydrate inhibits GIP secretion via a microbiota/SCFA/FFAR3 pathway.	Carbohydrates	4-16	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Mus musculus	26-29
30400014-0	2018	Gut carbohydrate inhibits GIP secretion via a microbiota/SCFA/FFAR3 pathway.	Carbohydrates	4-16	free fatty acid receptor 3	Mus musculus	62-67
30400014-1	2018	Mechanisms of carbohydrate-induced secretion of the two incretins namely glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are considered to be mostly similar.	Carbohydrates	14-26	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Mus musculus	109-153
30400014-1	2018	Mechanisms of carbohydrate-induced secretion of the two incretins namely glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are considered to be mostly similar.	Carbohydrates	14-26	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Mus musculus	155-158
30400014-7	2018	In conclusion, oral administration of carbohydrates with alpha-glucosidase inhibitors suppresses GIP secretion through a microbiota/SCFA/FFAR3 pathway.	Carbohydrates	38-51	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Mus musculus	97-100
30400014-7	2018	In conclusion, oral administration of carbohydrates with alpha-glucosidase inhibitors suppresses GIP secretion through a microbiota/SCFA/FFAR3 pathway.	Carbohydrates	38-51	free fatty acid receptor 3	Mus musculus	137-142
30176519-2	2018	For this purpose, addition of 0.25 g L-1 of NaNO3 allowed Spirulina to accumulate up to 49.3% (w w-1) of carbohydrates with the highest amount of CO2 (0.3 vvm injected for 5 min).	Carbohydrates	105-118	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	37-49
30043185-10	2018	Zonulin concentrations correlated significantly with total calorie-, protein-, carbohydrate-, sodium- and vitamin B12 intake.	Carbohydrates	79-91	haptoglobin	Homo sapiens	0-7
29069492-0	2018	Lectin ZG16p inhibits proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells via its carbohydrate-binding sites.	Carbohydrates	77-89	zymogen granule protein 16	Homo sapiens	7-12
29069492-10	2018	Taken together, our findings indicate that ZG16p inhibits the growth of colorectal cancer cells via its carbohydrate-binding sites in vitro and ex vivo.	Carbohydrates	104-116	zymogen granule protein 16	Homo sapiens	43-48
29435946-7	2018	Circulating levels of adiponectin was associated with age, truncal fat percentage, dietary glycemic index, glycemic load and carbohydrate intake, by correlation analysis (p values &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	125-137	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	22-33
30249353-9	2018	Total carbohydrate and fat oxidation during running decreased (0.76 vs. 1.82 g min-1; delta=-3.9) and increased (0.91 vs. 0.54 g min-1; delta=3.7), respectively, more profoundly on RP as the MSUM progressed.	Carbohydrates	6-18	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	79-84
30484681-7	2018	In summary, we show in a genetic model of metabolic syndrome that rat strains with the lowest expression of Nme7 present gene expression shifts of Nme7 interactome that are perturbing networks relevant for carbohydrate and lipid metabolism as well as ciliogenesis.	Carbohydrates	206-218	NME/NM23 family member 7	Rattus norvegicus	108-112
30484681-7	2018	In summary, we show in a genetic model of metabolic syndrome that rat strains with the lowest expression of Nme7 present gene expression shifts of Nme7 interactome that are perturbing networks relevant for carbohydrate and lipid metabolism as well as ciliogenesis.	Carbohydrates	206-218	NME/NM23 family member 7	Rattus norvegicus	147-151
30257037-5	2018	Carbohydrate head groups were altered between a beta-glucoside and a beta-lactosyl unit, as well as acyl chain lengths between C12 and C16, resulting in altered photoswitching.	Carbohydrates	0-12	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	46-52
30429127-17	2018	CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with the carbohydrate-insulin model, lowering dietary carbohydrate increased energy expenditure during weight loss maintenance.	Carbohydrates	33-45	insulin	Homo sapiens	46-53
30701799-10	2018	So the value of the square VAT determined higher concentrations of leptin, TNF-alpha in adipocytes and serum, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and a lower content of soluble receptor for leptin.	Carbohydrates	120-132	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	75-84
30505313-6	2018	Although the molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated, our data implicate a crucial role of INT1-transported myo-inositol in regulating cell elongation in a sucrose-dependent manner and underline recent reports of regulatory roles for sucrose and other carbohydrate intermediates as metabolic semaphores.	Carbohydrates	257-269	inositol transporter 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	96-100
30548426-0	2018	PI3K-AKT-FOXO1 pathway targeted by skeletal muscle microRNA to suppress proteolytic gene expression in response to carbohydrate intake during aerobic exercise.	Carbohydrates	115-127	forkhead box O1	Homo sapiens	9-14
30429127-17	2018	CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with the carbohydrate-insulin model, lowering dietary carbohydrate increased energy expenditure during weight loss maintenance.	Carbohydrates	78-90	insulin	Homo sapiens	46-53
29947926-2	2018	Here, we characterize the role of ORP2 in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism by employing ORP2-knockout (KO) hepatoma cells (HuH7) generated by CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing.	Carbohydrates	42-54	oxysterol binding protein like 2	Homo sapiens	34-38
30405056-1	2018	Carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) has an important role in the carbohydrate-mediated regulation of hepatic de novo lipogenesis, but the mechanism for how it regulates plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) levels has not been established.	Carbohydrates	84-96	MLX interacting protein-like	Mus musculus	0-45
30405056-1	2018	Carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) has an important role in the carbohydrate-mediated regulation of hepatic de novo lipogenesis, but the mechanism for how it regulates plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) levels has not been established.	Carbohydrates	84-96	MLX interacting protein-like	Mus musculus	47-53
30016152-8	2018	Ingenuity Pathway Analysis confirmed that the biological functions most altered in livers of Igf2-/- newborns are related to lipid metabolism, with the top upstream regulator predicted to be the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, a master regulator of hepatic lipid and carbohydrate homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	285-297	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	195-243
30098403-10	2018	However, as expected meals with high GI carbohydrates resulted in higher glucose and insulin responses compared to meals with low GI carbohydrates regardless of protein source.	Carbohydrates	40-53	insulin	Homo sapiens	85-92
29679625-4	2018	Many mothers substitute fat for carbohydrate, which may unintentionally enhance lipolysis, promote elevated free fatty acids (FFA), and worsen maternal insulin resistance (IR).	Carbohydrates	32-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	152-159
29679625-6	2018	Evidence suggests that liberalizing higher quality, nutrient-dense carbohydrates results in controlled fasting/postprandial glucose, lower FFA, improved insulin action, vascular benefits, and may reduce excess infant adiposity.	Carbohydrates	67-80	insulin	Homo sapiens	153-160
29435782-0	2018	Insulin-resistance in glycogen storage disease type Ia: linking carbohydrates and mitochondria?	Carbohydrates	64-77	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
30348819-0	2018	Hepatic Insulin Clearance in Regulation of Systemic Insulin Concentrations-Role of Carbohydrate and Energy Availability.	Carbohydrates	83-95	insulin	Homo sapiens	8-15
30348819-2	2018	On the basis of recent experimental evidence, we summarize existing evidence to suggest hepatic insulin clearance as a major and immediate regulator of systemic insulin concentrations responding within days to altered dietary energy and, in particular, carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	253-265	insulin	Homo sapiens	96-103
30519272-4	2018	Our data also indicated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to energy metabolism involving lipids, carbohydrates, and amino acids metabolic process; the expression of CPT-1 and FABP4 (ap2) was improved; PPAR, Glycolysis, Wnt, cAMP, MAPK, AMPK, and fatty acid degradation signaling pathway may be related to energy metabolism.	Carbohydrates	109-122	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	236-240
29939074-10	2018	Genes involved in fatty acid oxidation or carbohydrate utilisation were significantly up- or downregulated (P &lt; 0.05 or P &lt; 0.01), including those involved with highly enriched pathways of lipid metabolism (PPAR, Wnt pathway and inositol phosphate metabolism), cell junctions (focal adhesion and regulation of actin cytoskeleton) and muscle contraction.	Carbohydrates	42-54	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Gallus gallus	213-217
30397537-7	2018	Methods: Carbohydrate digestion by intestinal disaccharidases (sucrase-isomaltase and maltase-glucoamylase) was evaluated ex vivo in mice gavaged with 1 or 4 doses of PVF.	Carbohydrates	9-21	maltase-glucoamylase	Mus musculus	86-106
30377436-1	2018	Background: An ability to switch between primarily oxidizing fat in the fasted state to carbohydrate in the fed state, termed metabolic flexibility, is associated with insulin sensitivity.	Carbohydrates	88-100	insulin	Homo sapiens	168-175
30336580-0	2018	APOE4 Genotype Exerts Greater Benefit in Lowering Plasma Cholesterol and Apolipoprotein B than Wild Type (E3/E3), after Replacement of Dietary Saturated Fats with Low Glycaemic Index Carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	183-196	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	0-5
30336580-7	2018	In conclusion, variations in APOE genotype led to differential effects on the lipid response to the replacement of SFA with MUFA and low GI carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	140-153	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	29-33
30459708-10	2018	Robust data displayed that these O-GlcNAc changes could lead to (i) a differential modulation of the carbohydrates metabolism, since the majority of enzymes are known to be O-GlcNAcylated, and to (ii) a differential modulation of the protein synthesis/degradation balance since O-GlcNAcylation regulates some key signaling pathways such as Akt/GSK3beta, Akt/mTOR, Myogenin/Atrogin-1, Myogenin/Mef2D, Mrf4 and PGC-1alpha in the skeletal muscle.	Carbohydrates	101-114	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	340-343
30459708-10	2018	Robust data displayed that these O-GlcNAc changes could lead to (i) a differential modulation of the carbohydrates metabolism, since the majority of enzymes are known to be O-GlcNAcylated, and to (ii) a differential modulation of the protein synthesis/degradation balance since O-GlcNAcylation regulates some key signaling pathways such as Akt/GSK3beta, Akt/mTOR, Myogenin/Atrogin-1, Myogenin/Mef2D, Mrf4 and PGC-1alpha in the skeletal muscle.	Carbohydrates	101-114	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	354-357
30459708-10	2018	Robust data displayed that these O-GlcNAc changes could lead to (i) a differential modulation of the carbohydrates metabolism, since the majority of enzymes are known to be O-GlcNAcylated, and to (ii) a differential modulation of the protein synthesis/degradation balance since O-GlcNAcylation regulates some key signaling pathways such as Akt/GSK3beta, Akt/mTOR, Myogenin/Atrogin-1, Myogenin/Mef2D, Mrf4 and PGC-1alpha in the skeletal muscle.	Carbohydrates	101-114	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	358-362
30459708-10	2018	Robust data displayed that these O-GlcNAc changes could lead to (i) a differential modulation of the carbohydrates metabolism, since the majority of enzymes are known to be O-GlcNAcylated, and to (ii) a differential modulation of the protein synthesis/degradation balance since O-GlcNAcylation regulates some key signaling pathways such as Akt/GSK3beta, Akt/mTOR, Myogenin/Atrogin-1, Myogenin/Mef2D, Mrf4 and PGC-1alpha in the skeletal muscle.	Carbohydrates	101-114	myogenic factor 6	Homo sapiens	400-404
30459708-10	2018	Robust data displayed that these O-GlcNAc changes could lead to (i) a differential modulation of the carbohydrates metabolism, since the majority of enzymes are known to be O-GlcNAcylated, and to (ii) a differential modulation of the protein synthesis/degradation balance since O-GlcNAcylation regulates some key signaling pathways such as Akt/GSK3beta, Akt/mTOR, Myogenin/Atrogin-1, Myogenin/Mef2D, Mrf4 and PGC-1alpha in the skeletal muscle.	Carbohydrates	101-114	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	409-419
30364236-1	2018	Apart from its pivotal role in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism, insulin exerts important neurotrophic and neuromodulator effects on dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons.	Carbohydrates	49-61	insulin	Homo sapiens	74-81
30301241-5	2018	Substitution of protein with carbohydrate and fat was associated with faster gastric emptying (lower 50% emptying time (T50)), reduced suppression of ghrelin, and stimulation of GLP-1 (all P &lt; 0.001); while the addition of carbohydrate and fat to protein did not affect gastric emptying or gut hormone responses significantly.	Carbohydrates	29-41	glucagon	Homo sapiens	178-183
30367639-1	2018	Carbohydrates raise insulin concentrations in blood.	Carbohydrates	0-13	insulin	Homo sapiens	20-27
30367639-2	2018	Exercise decreases the insulin response to carbohydrate infusion and is beneficial in reducing postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations.	Carbohydrates	43-55	insulin	Homo sapiens	23-30
30367639-3	2018	This is important as there has been recent information suggesting postprandial insulin concentrations are linked to obesity (Carbohydrate-Insulin Model of Obesity).	Carbohydrates	125-137	insulin	Homo sapiens	79-86
30367639-3	2018	This is important as there has been recent information suggesting postprandial insulin concentrations are linked to obesity (Carbohydrate-Insulin Model of Obesity).	Carbohydrates	125-137	insulin	Homo sapiens	138-145
30333839-4	2018	As the XPT is also capable of transporting triose phosphates, it might as well support the triose phosphate PT (TPT) in exporting photoassimilates from the chloroplast in the light ("day path of carbon") and hence in supplying the whole plant with carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	248-261	Glucose-6-phosphate/phosphate translocator-like protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	112-115
29260593-5	2018	We also aimed to investigate glucose-stimulated insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 secretions as early pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for the development of carbohydrate intolerance.	Carbohydrates	163-175	insulin	Homo sapiens	48-55
29260593-5	2018	We also aimed to investigate glucose-stimulated insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 secretions as early pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for the development of carbohydrate intolerance.	Carbohydrates	163-175	glucagon	Homo sapiens	60-83
29958893-0	2018	Determination of serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin by a nephelometric immunoassay for differential diagnosis of alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver diseases.	Carbohydrates	23-35	transferrin	Homo sapiens	46-57
29958893-1	2018	BACKGROUND: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin is a biological marker of excessive drinking.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
29958893-4	2018	Serum levels of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin were expressed as a percentage of total transferrin.	Carbohydrates	16-28	transferrin	Homo sapiens	39-50
29958893-4	2018	Serum levels of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin were expressed as a percentage of total transferrin.	Carbohydrates	16-28	transferrin	Homo sapiens	91-102
29958893-5	2018	RESULTS: Serum % carbohydrate-deficient transferrin levels were significantly higher in patients with alcoholic than with non-alcoholic liver diseases.	Carbohydrates	17-29	transferrin	Homo sapiens	40-51
29958893-6	2018	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin had better specificity than gamma glutamyl transferase to differentiate between alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver diseases.There were 8 alcoholic liver disease patients with normal gamma glutamyl transferase levels, and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin was significantly elevated in 6 of them.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
29958893-7	2018	On the other hand, there were 25 non-alcoholic liver disease patients with elevated gamma glutamyl transferase levels; their carbohydrate-deficient transferrin levels were within the reference intervals in all cases.	Carbohydrates	125-137	transferrin	Homo sapiens	148-159
29958893-8	2018	CONCLUSION: This simple carbohydrate-deficient transferrin immunoassay is useful to detect so-called gamma glutamyl transferase non-responding drinkers and also to exclude the possible role of excessive drinking in apparently non-alcoholic liver diseases.	Carbohydrates	24-36	transferrin	Homo sapiens	47-58
29958893-9	2018	A large-scale prospective study is needed to further confirm the diagnostic utility of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin.	Carbohydrates	87-99	transferrin	Homo sapiens	110-121
29873107-4	2018	Insulin was delivered according to carbohydrate counting, the Pankowska Equation or the Food Insulin Index.	Carbohydrates	35-47	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
29856114-4	2018	The mean (SD) AUC glucose concentration for insulin dosing for both protein and carbohydrate was 8.3 (2.1) mmol/L compared with 10.0 (2.2) mmol/L for carbohydrate alone.	Carbohydrates	80-92	insulin	Homo sapiens	44-51
29856114-8	2018	Calculating the meal insulin requirements based on the carbohydrate and protein content may have advantages over calculations based on carbohydrate alone.	Carbohydrates	55-67	insulin	Homo sapiens	21-28
29856114-8	2018	Calculating the meal insulin requirements based on the carbohydrate and protein content may have advantages over calculations based on carbohydrate alone.	Carbohydrates	135-147	insulin	Homo sapiens	21-28
29890191-5	2018	FGF21 occupies a unique endocrine niche, being induced when energy intake is adequate but protein and carbohydrate are imbalanced.	Carbohydrates	102-114	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	0-5
30223451-8	2018	A linear regression model was used to test the relationship between carbohydrate intake, and body composition and insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	68-80	insulin	Homo sapiens	114-121
30009333-8	2018	Also, we observed a positive association between the TNF-alpha levels and the odds of having migraine after considering gender, age, body mass index, and dietary intakes of energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, and mono and poly unsaturated fatty acids in the multivariable regression models (OR = 2.15; 95% CI 1.31-3.52; P value &lt; 0.001).	Carbohydrates	181-193	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	53-62
30320276-7	2018	Thus, the interactions of SpSM50 and SpSM30B/C-G, mediated by carbohydrate-protein binding, reflect the need for protein cooperativity for the ACC-to-crystalline transformation, intracrystalline void formation, and guided mineral particle assembly processes that are instrumental in spicule formation.	Carbohydrates	62-74	50 kDa spicule matrix protein	Strongylocentrotus purpuratus	26-32
30405527-0	2018	Leptin Selectively Regulates Nutrients Metabolism in Nile Tilapia Fed on High Carbohydrate or High Fat Diet.	Carbohydrates	78-90	leptin	Oreochromis niloticus	0-6
30307166-4	2018	Among the various factors acting at the fetal-maternal interface, we focused on adiponectin - an adipocyte-secreted cytokine involved in the control of carbohydrate and lipid homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	152-164	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	80-91
30290597-4	2018	These 12 markers were mainly involved in the metabolic pathways of insulin resistance, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, nonabsorbable carbohydrate metabolism, and N-glycan biosynthesis.	Carbohydrates	155-167	insulin	Homo sapiens	67-74
30223451-16	2018	Increased carbohydrate and fiber intake, as part of a plant-based high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet, are associated with beneficial effects on weight, body composition, and insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	10-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	171-178
30128963-6	2018	During states of low dietary carbohydrate intake, insulin levels remain low and ketogenesis takes place.	Carbohydrates	29-41	insulin	Homo sapiens	50-57
30258354-2	2018	Gal-3 structure comprises unusual tandem repeats of proline and glycine-rich short stretches bound to a carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD).	Carbohydrates	104-116	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	0-5
29579637-2	2018	Growth hormone acts mainly indirectly through insulin-like growth factor-1, which stimulates the growth and development processes, metabolism of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates, and it also has a modulating effect on the cells of the immune system.	Carbohydrates	167-180	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	0-14
29579637-2	2018	Growth hormone acts mainly indirectly through insulin-like growth factor-1, which stimulates the growth and development processes, metabolism of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates, and it also has a modulating effect on the cells of the immune system.	Carbohydrates	167-180	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	46-74
30189818-3	2018	Insulin resistance in the perioperative period leads to increased morbidity in a dose-dependent fashion, while preoperative carbohydrate loading attenuates insulin resistance, minimises protein loss and improves postoperative muscle function.	Carbohydrates	124-136	insulin	Homo sapiens	156-163
30002097-0	2018	Detection and Quantification of Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin by MALDI-Compatible Protein Chips Prepared by Ambient Ion Soft Landing.	Carbohydrates	32-44	transferrin	Homo sapiens	55-66
30002097-7	2018	Peak intensities of each transferrin form were used to calculate total carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT).	Carbohydrates	71-83	transferrin	Homo sapiens	94-105
29753916-3	2018	Six-hundred routine blood samples from 2014, taken at the antenatal booking appointment, in the first trimester of pregnancy, were anonymously analysed for the presence of Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin (CDT), a validated marker of chronic alcohol exposure (normalising 2-3 weeks from abstinence) and Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), a liver enzyme elevated for up to 8 weeks after alcohol exposure.	Carbohydrates	172-184	transferrin	Homo sapiens	195-206
29651749-12	2018	MCT supplement with a low-carbohydrate formula can supply the energy and/or substrates for ASS1 and GS, and enhance ammonia detoxification in hepatocytes.	Carbohydrates	26-38	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Homo sapiens	100-102
29786745-2	2018	Carbohydrate responsive element binding protein (ChREBP), the hub of glucolipid metabolism, regulates the induction of fatty acid synthase (FASN), the key enzyme of de novo lipogenesis, by directly binding to carbohydrate response element (ChoRE) in its promoter.	Carbohydrates	209-221	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	0-47
29786745-2	2018	Carbohydrate responsive element binding protein (ChREBP), the hub of glucolipid metabolism, regulates the induction of fatty acid synthase (FASN), the key enzyme of de novo lipogenesis, by directly binding to carbohydrate response element (ChoRE) in its promoter.	Carbohydrates	209-221	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	49-55
29665075-0	2018	The characteristics of transferrin variants by carbohydrate-deficient transferrin tests using capillary zone electrophoresis.	Carbohydrates	47-59	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
29665075-0	2018	The characteristics of transferrin variants by carbohydrate-deficient transferrin tests using capillary zone electrophoresis.	Carbohydrates	47-59	transferrin	Homo sapiens	70-81
29665075-2	2018	We aimed to investigate the characteristics of transferrin variant by carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) test using capillary zone electrophoresis.	Carbohydrates	70-82	transferrin	Homo sapiens	47-58
29665075-2	2018	We aimed to investigate the characteristics of transferrin variant by carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) test using capillary zone electrophoresis.	Carbohydrates	70-82	transferrin	Homo sapiens	93-104
30200185-7	2018	Additionally, our data showed that insulin transcript levels are affected by a high-carbohydrate diet during development.	Carbohydrates	84-96	insulin	Homo sapiens	35-42
30200185-8	2018	Females, not males, reared on high-carbohydrate diets had much higher transcript levels of insulin-like peptide 3 (ILP3), a mosquito equivalent of human insulin, and these females more readily converted sugar meals into lipids.	Carbohydrates	35-47	insulin	Homo sapiens	91-98
28651828-9	2018	CONCLUSION: Hypocaloric diet reduces UCP3 expression in individuals with obesity and the UCP3, PLIN1 and PPARG2 expression correlate positively with carbohydrate oxidation and negatively with lipid oxidation.	Carbohydrates	149-161	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	105-111
30159070-8	2018	Among the parameters measured when the patients received standard dose of insulin without counting carbohydrate and flexible insulin dosing by counting carbohydrate, statistically, significant differences were not detected for baseline insulin dose, bolus insulin dose, triglyceride level, body mass index, or monthly hypoglycemia episodes (P &gt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	152-164	insulin	Homo sapiens	125-132
30159070-8	2018	Among the parameters measured when the patients received standard dose of insulin without counting carbohydrate and flexible insulin dosing by counting carbohydrate, statistically, significant differences were not detected for baseline insulin dose, bolus insulin dose, triglyceride level, body mass index, or monthly hypoglycemia episodes (P &gt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	152-164	insulin	Homo sapiens	125-132
30159070-8	2018	Among the parameters measured when the patients received standard dose of insulin without counting carbohydrate and flexible insulin dosing by counting carbohydrate, statistically, significant differences were not detected for baseline insulin dose, bolus insulin dose, triglyceride level, body mass index, or monthly hypoglycemia episodes (P &gt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	152-164	insulin	Homo sapiens	125-132
30159070-9	2018	CONCLUSION: Flexible insulin dosing with carbohydrate counting provides significant improvements in clinical and metabolic control.	Carbohydrates	41-53	insulin	Homo sapiens	21-28
29796630-3	2018	The carbohydrate recognition domain in BDCA-2 binds selectively to galactose-terminated bi-antennary glycans.	Carbohydrates	4-16	C-type lectin domain family 4 member C	Homo sapiens	39-45
30159070-2	2018	In this study, we aimed to determine the influence of flexible insulin dosing with carbohydrate counting method on metabolic and clinical parameters in type 1 diabetes patients.	Carbohydrates	83-95	insulin	Homo sapiens	63-70
29949347-4	2018	As an example, a model protein enzyme (lysozyme) was modified with the BA tag and purified using carbohydrate-based column chromatography.	Carbohydrates	97-109	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	39-47
30082636-9	2018	Elevated ApoA1 was associated with increased slowness of eating, lower enjoyment of food and lower kcal, fat and carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	113-125	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	9-14
29753680-1	2018	BACKGROUND AND AIM: The non-glycosylated glycoform of transferrin (Tf), known as asialo-Tf, was not selected (in favor of disialo-Tf) as the measurand for the standardization of carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) determination because of a lower diagnostic sensitivity provided with the currently available analytical procedures for sera.	Carbohydrates	178-190	transferrin	Homo sapiens	54-65
29451987-0	2018	Association of adiponectin/leptin ratio with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism parameters in HIV-infected patients during antiretroviral therapy.	Carbohydrates	45-57	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	15-26
29873517-6	2018	Patients receive prandial insulin by entering carbohydrate amount into the bolus calculator.	Carbohydrates	46-58	insulin	Homo sapiens	26-33
29912760-7	2018	Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and their complex proteins, IGF binding proteins, which comprise the IGF axis play a crucial role in carbohydrate metabolism disorders and, studies have shown that they may contribute to PDAC growth.	Carbohydrates	138-150	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	0-28
29912760-7	2018	Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and their complex proteins, IGF binding proteins, which comprise the IGF axis play a crucial role in carbohydrate metabolism disorders and, studies have shown that they may contribute to PDAC growth.	Carbohydrates	138-150	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	30-35
29769321-2	2018	In pigs, which are important intermediate hosts during the generation of pandemic IAVs, SP-D uses its unique carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) to interact with IAV.	Carbohydrates	109-121	surfactant protein D	Sus scrofa	88-92
28956658-0	2018	Short-Term Supplementation of a Moderate Carbohydrate Diet with Psyllium Reduces Fasting Plasma Insulin and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.	Carbohydrates	41-53	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	89-135
30032219-4	2018	Chromium has been postulated to be involved in regulating carbohydrate and lipid (and potentially also protein) metabolism by enhancing insulin"s efficacy (1).	Carbohydrates	58-70	insulin	Homo sapiens	136-143
29363790-3	2018	Insulin is a hormone involved in metabolic regulation of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	57-69	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
29779815-5	2018	RESULTS: Use of EFPC compared to SEF was associated with significantly higher total energy, carbohydrate, protein, lipid, enteral volume and fluid intake (p values ranged from &lt;0.05 to &lt;0.001) on each day of nutrition therapy.	Carbohydrates	92-104	interleukin 17 receptor D	Homo sapiens	33-36
29669261-7	2018	Furthermore, transient transfection and chromatin immunoprecipitation were performed to show the direct interaction between ChREBP and carbohydrate response elements in the promoter of Slc2A5, which encodes the fructose transporter GLUT5.	Carbohydrates	135-147	MLX interacting protein-like	Mus musculus	124-130
29799319-1	2018	The transcription factor Nrf2 is an important modulator of antioxidant and drug metabolism, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as well as heme and iron metabolism.	Carbohydrates	92-104	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	25-29
30061863-7	2018	Thus, it is likely that incretin comprises additional gastrointestinal hormones, which interact with GIP and GLP-1 during normal meals containing protein, fat and complex carbohydrates (and not just pure glucose).	Carbohydrates	171-184	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	101-104
30061863-7	2018	Thus, it is likely that incretin comprises additional gastrointestinal hormones, which interact with GIP and GLP-1 during normal meals containing protein, fat and complex carbohydrates (and not just pure glucose).	Carbohydrates	171-184	glucagon	Homo sapiens	109-114
30048171-9	2018	ABBREVIATIONS: AID = automated insulin delivery; CGM = continuous glucose monitoring; FDA = Food and Drug Administration; HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin; HCL = hybrid closed-loop; ICR = insulin to carbohydrate ratio; SAP = sensor augmented pump; T1DM = type 1 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	194-206	insulin	Homo sapiens	183-190
29743295-6	2018	These studies have revealed that IGF1/IGF1R can alter extra-hepatocyte function to regulate hormonal inputs to the liver and/or alter tissue-specific carbohydrate and lipid metabolism to alter nutrient flux to liver, where these actions are not mutually exclusive, but serve to integrate the function of all tissues to support the metabolic needs of the organism.	Carbohydrates	150-162	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	33-37
29945661-12	2018	CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that PKU patients are at risk of carbohydrate intolerance and insulin resistance, more evident in adults and overweight patients, probably related to their higher caloric intake in form carbohydrate content.	Carbohydrates	216-228	insulin	Homo sapiens	92-99
30013988-3	2018	Hyperfunction or dysfunction of NR4A1 is implicated in various metabolic processes, including carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, and energy balance, in major metabolic tissues, such as liver, skeletal muscle, pancreatic tissues, and adipose tissues.	Carbohydrates	94-106	nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1	Homo sapiens	32-37
30013988-6	2018	And we focus on the physiological functions of NR4A1 receptor to the development of the metabolic diseases, with a special focus on the impact on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle, liver, adipose tissue, and islet.	Carbohydrates	146-158	nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1	Homo sapiens	47-52
29350564-3	2018	6- O-sulfation of N-acetylglucosamine in the carbohydrate moiety of PNAd is catalyzed exclusively by N-acetylglucosamine-6- O-sulfotransferase 1 (GlcNAc6ST-1) and GlcNAc6ST-2.	Carbohydrates	45-57	carbohydrate sulfotransferase 2	Mus musculus	101-144
29401627-8	2018	We showed that mDectin-1, mDectin-2, and SIGN-R1 are decorated by N-glycan structures that can be recognized by the carbohydrate recognition domain of Gal-3.	Carbohydrates	116-128	C-type lectin domain family 4, member n	Mus musculus	26-35
29453899-5	2018	For example, DNA-PK responds to insulin signaling to facilitate the conversion of carbohydrates to fatty acids in the liver.	Carbohydrates	82-95	protein kinase, DNA-activated, catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	13-19
29306619-0	2018	Comparative Study Between Conventional Fasting Versus Overnight Infusion of Lipid or Carbohydrate on Insulin and Free Fatty Acids in Obese Patients Undergoing Elective On-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.	Carbohydrates	85-97	insulin	Homo sapiens	101-108
28304147-0	2018	Relationship between dietary carbohydrates intake and circulating sex hormone-binding globulin levels in postmenopausal women.	Carbohydrates	29-42	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	66-94
28304147-1	2018	BACKGROUND: Low circulating levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) have been shown to be a direct and strong risk factor for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and hormone-dependent cancers, although the relationship between various aspects of dietary carbohydrates and SHBG levels remains unexplored in population studies.	Carbohydrates	266-279	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	38-66
28304147-1	2018	BACKGROUND: Low circulating levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) have been shown to be a direct and strong risk factor for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and hormone-dependent cancers, although the relationship between various aspects of dietary carbohydrates and SHBG levels remains unexplored in population studies.	Carbohydrates	266-279	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	68-72
29350564-3	2018	6- O-sulfation of N-acetylglucosamine in the carbohydrate moiety of PNAd is catalyzed exclusively by N-acetylglucosamine-6- O-sulfotransferase 1 (GlcNAc6ST-1) and GlcNAc6ST-2.	Carbohydrates	45-57	carbohydrate sulfotransferase 2	Mus musculus	146-157
29550351-6	2018	One of the top scoring networks, "Cellular Assembly and Organization, Cellular Function and Maintenance, Carbohydrate Metabolism", identified estrogen receptor alpha as its central regulator.	Carbohydrates	105-117	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	142-165
29856808-4	2018	In P. scalaris, a species sympatric to the former, the defense strategy seems different, since no toxin was found and the major perivitellin, PsSC, while also colored and non-digestible, is a carbohydrate-binding protein.	Carbohydrates	192-204	phosphatidylserine decarboxylase	Homo sapiens	142-146
29856808-5	2018	In this study we examine the structure and function of PsSC by sequencing its subunits, characterizing its carbohydrate binding profile and evaluating its effect on gut cells.	Carbohydrates	107-119	phosphatidylserine decarboxylase	Homo sapiens	55-59
29462246-0	2018	Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin in Patients with Cirrhosis: A Tale of Bridges.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
29716523-8	2018	CONCLUSION: Carbohydrate recognition tasks performed by Lgals3 may be required for appropriate development of CNS structures involved in the generation and control of locomotor behavior.	Carbohydrates	12-24	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	56-62
29377065-1	2018	BACKGROUND: Pre-operative complex carbohydrate (CHO) drinks are recommended to attenuate post-operative insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	34-46	insulin	Homo sapiens	104-111
29377065-14	2018	The impact of simple carbohydrate drinks with lower insulin response on peri-operative insulin sensitivity requires further study.	Carbohydrates	21-33	insulin	Homo sapiens	52-59
29377065-14	2018	The impact of simple carbohydrate drinks with lower insulin response on peri-operative insulin sensitivity requires further study.	Carbohydrates	21-33	insulin	Homo sapiens	87-94
29478824-4	2018	Through activation of their cognate G protein coupled receptors, C3a and C5a regulate multiple intracellular pathways within the mitochondria and the lysosomal compartments that harbor multiple enzymes critical for protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	224-236	complement C5a receptor 1	Homo sapiens	73-76
29700203-7	2018	Ligand and carbohydrate engagement assay (LACE) reveals a diminished assembly of Fgf10 and Fgfr2b in the mutant.	Carbohydrates	11-23	fibroblast growth factor 10	Homo sapiens	81-86
29748462-1	2018	&amp;alpha;-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.49) (alpha-NaGalase) catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-acetamido-2-deoxy-&amp;alpha;-d-galactoside residues from non-reducing ends of various complex carbohydrates and glycoconjugates.	Carbohydrates	194-207	alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase	Homo sapiens	5-37
29305946-10	2018	RESULTS: Post-prandial glucose tolerance, peripheral insulin sensitivity, and metabolic flexibility (insulin-stimulated - fasting carbohydrate oxidation) improvements were greater after whole-grain compared to the refined-grain diet (P &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	130-142	insulin	Homo sapiens	101-108
29687501-2	2018	Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes differs from Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in several ways; there is a pattern of insulin deficiency with reduced and delayed insulin response to carbohydrates but a sparing of basal insulin that results in glucose abnormalities, which are frequently characterized by normal fasting glucose and postprandial hyperglycaemia.	Carbohydrates	176-189	insulin	Homo sapiens	112-119
28541810-4	2018	The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a carbohydrate-, glutamine-, and antioxidant-enriched preoperative oral nutrition supplement on postoperative insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	64-76	insulin	Homo sapiens	172-179
29602522-4	2018	GIP is similarly required for the detrimental metabolic effects of other high GI carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	81-94	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	0-3
29602522-5	2018	We therefore propose that the release of GIP in the upper small intestine is an important determinant of the metabolic quality of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	130-143	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	41-44
29687501-2	2018	Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes differs from Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in several ways; there is a pattern of insulin deficiency with reduced and delayed insulin response to carbohydrates but a sparing of basal insulin that results in glucose abnormalities, which are frequently characterized by normal fasting glucose and postprandial hyperglycaemia.	Carbohydrates	176-189	insulin	Homo sapiens	156-163
29500265-9	2018	Specialization in the degradation of complex carbohydrates by bifidobacteria present on the individual level could have in vivo implications for the successful implementation of ITF and AXOS, aiming at bifidogenic and/or butyrogenic effects.	Carbohydrates	45-58	trefoil factor 3	Homo sapiens	178-181
29500265-14	2018	Such specialization in the degradation of complex carbohydrates by bifidobacteria present on the individual level could have in vivo implications for the successful implementation of ITF and AXOS, aiming at bifidogenic and/or butyrogenic effects.	Carbohydrates	50-63	trefoil factor 3	Homo sapiens	183-186
29207921-0	2018	Allyl isothiocyanate increases carbohydrate oxidation through enhancing insulin secretion by TRPV1.	Carbohydrates	31-43	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Mus musculus	93-98
29615407-1	2018	OBJECTIVE: Carbohydrate staples such as pasta have been implicated in the obesity epidemic.	Carbohydrates	11-23	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	40-45
29610515-8	2018	High daily carbohydrate intake (POR 1.56, 95% CI 1.02, 2.40), obesity (POR 2.04, 95% CI 1.44, 2.89), feeling depressed (POR 1.84, 95% CI 1.21, 2.80), older age (POR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01, 1.02), and female sex (POR 1.68, 95% CI 1.28, 2.21) were positively correlated with chronic diarrhea.	Carbohydrates	11-23	cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase	Homo sapiens	32-35
29617665-5	2018	As a proof-of-concept example, we demonstrated that knockdown of SNAI1 or RUNX1-master regulators of carbohydrate metabolic subtypes-modulates metabolic activity and drug sensitivity.	Carbohydrates	101-113	snail family transcriptional repressor 1	Homo sapiens	65-70
29495910-7	2018	When young adults consumed a good quality diet (appropriate carbohydrate intakes; high fiber, low saturated fat but protein rich diet), their insulin resistance was decreased.	Carbohydrates	60-72	insulin	Homo sapiens	142-149
29278834-2	2018	Simple carbohydrates, sugars, are sensed by the basic-helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factors ChREBP/Mondo, together with their heterodimerization partner Mlx, which are well-established activators of sugar-induced lipogenesis.	Carbohydrates	7-20	MLX interacting protein-like	Mus musculus	108-114
29172109-1	2018	The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between laminitis development in ponies and insulin/glucose concentrations in response to the oral glucose test (OGT) and a dietary challenge high in nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs).	Carbohydrates	222-235	insulin	Homo sapiens	102-109
29619926-5	2018	The PN cohort was given PN with one international unit (IU) rapid-acting insulin per 10 g of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	93-105	insulin	Homo sapiens	73-80
29920475-7	2018	Reduction of hepatocyte numbers concomitant with significant modifications of expression of key hormones and enzymes for protein and carbohydrate metabolism in IUGR neonates may predispose to insulin resistance and obesity in adult life.	Carbohydrates	133-145	insulin	Homo sapiens	192-199
29240248-3	2018	DMBT1 is a multifunctional, multidomain glycoprotein, and the characteristics of all of its domains, as well as its carbohydrates, make them candidates for sperm binding.	Carbohydrates	116-129	deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 protein	Sus scrofa	0-5
29342258-7	2018	Independent of estradiol administration, intranasal insulin reduced the intake of carbohydrates during breakfast, attenuating in particular the consumption of sweet, palatable foods.	Carbohydrates	82-95	insulin	Homo sapiens	52-59
29980142-1	2018	Growth hormone (GH) affects carbohydrate metabolism through direct negative effect on insulin sensitivity and indirectly, via insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which exerts positive insulin-mimetic action.	Carbohydrates	28-40	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	0-14
29980142-1	2018	Growth hormone (GH) affects carbohydrate metabolism through direct negative effect on insulin sensitivity and indirectly, via insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which exerts positive insulin-mimetic action.	Carbohydrates	28-40	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	156-161
29549314-1	2018	Adipokinetic hormone (AKH), an analog of mammalian glucagon, functions in supplying the required energy by releasing lipids and carbohydrates from the fat body into the hemolymph.	Carbohydrates	128-141	glucagon	Homo sapiens	51-59
29414772-6	2018	We also found that the collagen-like domain of SP-D is involved in its interaction with melanin, whereas its carbohydrate-recognition domain recognized GM and GAG.	Carbohydrates	109-121	surfactant associated protein D	Mus musculus	47-51
29118016-7	2018	In almost all studies reviewed, rodents fed diets that had more than 45% of dietary energy as fat or simple carbohydrates had reduced whole body insulin action compared with chow.	Carbohydrates	108-121	insulin	Homo sapiens	145-152
29224132-4	2018	METHODS: This is a secondary analysis from three observational inpatient studies with a standardized and supervised treatment (16 g carbohydrates) of hypoglycemia (&lt; 3.3 mmol/L with symptoms or &lt; 3.0 mmol/L without symptom) in participants (47 adults-10 adolescents) with T1D using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion ("insulin pumps"; CSII)).	Carbohydrates	132-145	insulin	Homo sapiens	312-319
29224132-4	2018	METHODS: This is a secondary analysis from three observational inpatient studies with a standardized and supervised treatment (16 g carbohydrates) of hypoglycemia (&lt; 3.3 mmol/L with symptoms or &lt; 3.0 mmol/L without symptom) in participants (47 adults-10 adolescents) with T1D using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion ("insulin pumps"; CSII)).	Carbohydrates	132-145	insulin	Homo sapiens	331-338
29539397-5	2018	Our findings indicate that GSL-containing mixtures, regardless of the carbohydrate size, enhance the ordering of the surrounding lipids, resulting in a larger fraction of ordered phase of the monolayer and greater dimensions of the ordered domains.	Carbohydrates	70-82	cathepsin A	Homo sapiens	27-30
29723152-1	2018	The relationship between the rs2302382, rs8111428 and Glu354Gln (rs1800437) polymorphisms in GIPR (glucosedependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor) gene and plasma levels of mediators involved in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in obese patients with type 2 diabetes (before and after a test breakfast) was investigated.	Carbohydrates	219-231	gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor	Homo sapiens	93-97
29723152-1	2018	The relationship between the rs2302382, rs8111428 and Glu354Gln (rs1800437) polymorphisms in GIPR (glucosedependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor) gene and plasma levels of mediators involved in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in obese patients with type 2 diabetes (before and after a test breakfast) was investigated.	Carbohydrates	219-231	gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor	Homo sapiens	99-151
29285796-0	2018	Weight-based carbohydrate treatment of hypoglycaemia in people with Type 1 diabetes using insulin pump therapy: a randomized crossover clinical trial.	Carbohydrates	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	90-97
29553029-0	2018	Association between dietary fibre:carbohydrate intake ratio and insulin resistance in Japanese adults without type 2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	34-46	insulin	Homo sapiens	64-71
29225096-10	2018	Exploratory visual analysis using factor map and clustering analysis revealed that lipid and carbohydrates metabolism abnormalities were correlated with insulin resistance but not with excessive fat accumulation and low-grade inflammation.	Carbohydrates	93-106	insulin	Homo sapiens	153-160
29493356-1	2018	BACKGROUND: In type 1 diabetes (T1D) therapy, the calculation of the meal insulin bolus is performed according to a standard formula (SF) exploiting carbohydrate intake, carbohydrate-to-insulin ratio, correction factor, insulin on board, and target glucose.	Carbohydrates	149-161	insulin	Homo sapiens	74-81
29372416-1	2018	A member of the lectin family, galectin-3 is a 250 amino-acid protein that contains a C-terminus carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) that recognizes beta-galactosides.	Carbohydrates	97-109	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	31-41
29493356-1	2018	BACKGROUND: In type 1 diabetes (T1D) therapy, the calculation of the meal insulin bolus is performed according to a standard formula (SF) exploiting carbohydrate intake, carbohydrate-to-insulin ratio, correction factor, insulin on board, and target glucose.	Carbohydrates	170-182	insulin	Homo sapiens	74-81
29535588-3	2018	This study evaluated whether rinsing the mouth with a carbohydrate solution alters plasma insulin and glucose concentration during the initial stages of a 40 km cycling time-trial.	Carbohydrates	54-66	insulin	Homo sapiens	90-97
29237123-12	2018	We demonstrate that the glycan epitopes of heterofunctional conjugates engage and cluster target B-cell receptors and CD22 receptors on B cells, supporting the application of these reagents for investigating cellular response to carbohydrate antigens of the ABO blood group system.	Carbohydrates	229-241	CD22 molecule	Homo sapiens	118-122
29377597-1	2018	SCOPE: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-alpha) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	137-149	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	7-55
29377597-1	2018	SCOPE: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-alpha) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	137-149	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	57-67
29197503-8	2018	And overall 54 distinguishing metabolites were identified with VIP&gt;1 and P&lt;0.05, which were involved in metabolic pathways of amino acid, carbohydrate, lipids, membrane transport and nucleotides.	Carbohydrates	144-156	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	63-66
29193585-9	2018	This CBM retains Thr101 and Val134, which suggests that the extant beta1-CBM has a modest loss of function in carbohydrate binding.	Carbohydrates	110-122	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 1	Homo sapiens	67-72
29193585-2	2018	Although the beta1- and beta2-CBMs are structurally similar, with strictly conserved ligand-contact residues, they show different carbohydrate affinities.	Carbohydrates	130-142	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 1	Homo sapiens	13-29
29385178-0	2018	A high carbohydrate, but not fat or protein meal attenuates postprandial ghrelin, PYY and GLP-1 responses in Chinese men.	Carbohydrates	7-19	peptide YY	Homo sapiens	82-85
29395968-2	2018	Indeed, GH influences the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins; shapes body composition, influences cardiovascular profile, quality of life, and induces other direct and indirect physiologic effects.	Carbohydrates	40-53	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	8-10
29395968-7	2018	Regarding development of type 2 diabetes, we support the notion that GH, by influencing insulin sensitivity via its counter-regulatory properties on carbohydrate metabolism, is an important contributor for development of this disease.	Carbohydrates	149-161	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	69-71
29290352-5	2018	Additionally, insulin responses from high-glycemic carbohydrates are known to alter these pathways, potentially leading to an increase in energy consumption and a possible mechanism for obesity.	Carbohydrates	51-64	insulin	Homo sapiens	14-21
29600645-1	2018	GAPDH(glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) gene is a key enzyme gene in carbohydrate metabolism and always used as reference gene.	Carbohydrates	77-89	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Solanum tuberosum	0-5
29355438-0	2018	Insulin Sensitivity Index-Based Optimization of Insulin to Carbohydrate Ratio: In Silico Study Shows Efficacious Protection Against Hypoglycemic Events Caused by Suboptimal Therapy.	Carbohydrates	59-71	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
29355438-0	2018	Insulin Sensitivity Index-Based Optimization of Insulin to Carbohydrate Ratio: In Silico Study Shows Efficacious Protection Against Hypoglycemic Events Caused by Suboptimal Therapy.	Carbohydrates	59-71	insulin	Homo sapiens	48-55
29355438-1	2018	BACKGROUND AND AIM: The insulin to carbohydrate ratio (CR) is a parameter used by patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) to calculate the premeal insulin bolus.	Carbohydrates	35-47	insulin	Homo sapiens	24-31
29355438-1	2018	BACKGROUND AND AIM: The insulin to carbohydrate ratio (CR) is a parameter used by patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) to calculate the premeal insulin bolus.	Carbohydrates	35-47	insulin	Homo sapiens	143-150
29220530-1	2018	Context: Metabolic flexibility reflects the ability to switch from lipid to carbohydrate oxidation during insulin stimulation manifested in increased respiratory quotient (RQ).	Carbohydrates	76-88	insulin	Homo sapiens	106-113
29385178-0	2018	A high carbohydrate, but not fat or protein meal attenuates postprandial ghrelin, PYY and GLP-1 responses in Chinese men.	Carbohydrates	7-19	glucagon	Homo sapiens	90-95
29361766-1	2018	Carbohydrate counting (CC) is a meal-planning tool for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) treated with a basal bolus insulin regimen by means of multiple daily injections or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	118-125
29370143-1	2018	The carbohydrate deficit induced by exercise is thought to play a key role in increased post-exercise insulin action.	Carbohydrates	4-16	insulin	Homo sapiens	102-109
29370143-3	2018	This study therefore isolated the extent to which the insulin-sensitizing effects of exercise are dependent on the carbohydrate deficit induced by exercise, relative to other exercise-mediated mechanisms.	Carbohydrates	115-127	insulin	Homo sapiens	54-61
29370143-8	2018	This is the first study to demonstrate that post-exercise feeding to replaceme the carbohydrate expended during exercise can attenuate glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity the following morning.	Carbohydrates	83-95	insulin	Homo sapiens	157-164
29370143-9	2018	The mechanism through which exercise improves insulin sensitivity is therefore (at least in part) dependent on carbohydrate availability and so the day-to-day metabolic health benefits of exercise might be best attained by maintaining a carbohydrate deficit overnight.	Carbohydrates	111-123	insulin	Homo sapiens	46-53
29370143-9	2018	The mechanism through which exercise improves insulin sensitivity is therefore (at least in part) dependent on carbohydrate availability and so the day-to-day metabolic health benefits of exercise might be best attained by maintaining a carbohydrate deficit overnight.	Carbohydrates	237-249	insulin	Homo sapiens	46-53
29361766-3	2018	The bolus insulin dose needed is obtained from the total amount of carbohydrates consumed at each meal and the insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio.	Carbohydrates	67-80	insulin	Homo sapiens	10-17
29361766-3	2018	The bolus insulin dose needed is obtained from the total amount of carbohydrates consumed at each meal and the insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio.	Carbohydrates	67-79	insulin	Homo sapiens	10-17
28912047-0	2018	Analytical and diagnostic aspects of carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT): A critical review over years 2007-2017.	Carbohydrates	37-49	transferrin	Homo sapiens	60-71
29375368-12	2017	Moreover, the higher consumption of several nutrients such as fat, carbohydrate and manganese were associated with worse performance on digit span forward, digit span backward, trail making test A, trail making test B and digit symbol.	Carbohydrates	67-79	TNF superfamily member 10	Homo sapiens	177-182
29375368-12	2017	Moreover, the higher consumption of several nutrients such as fat, carbohydrate and manganese were associated with worse performance on digit span forward, digit span backward, trail making test A, trail making test B and digit symbol.	Carbohydrates	67-79	TNF superfamily member 10	Homo sapiens	198-203
29556322-7	2018	The Kaplan-Meier method was used to assess the association between P38alpha expression and preoperative carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) levels and patients" overall survival.	Carbohydrates	104-116	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	67-75
28912047-2	2018	Among the currently available biomarkers of chronic alcohol abuse, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is one of the most used indicator, mainly because of its high specificity.	Carbohydrates	67-79	transferrin	Homo sapiens	90-101
29807366-4	2018	The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Tff3 deficiency on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and on markers of oxidative stress that accompanies metabolic deregulation.	Carbohydrates	84-96	trefoil factor 3, intestinal	Mus musculus	55-59
29131507-2	2018	Lysozymes are enzymes that break down the bacterial cell wall and disrupt the bacterial life cycle by cleaving the linkage between the NAG and NAM carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	147-160	SH3 and cysteine rich domain 3	Homo sapiens	143-146
29222891-1	2018	BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Preoperative oral carbohydrate therapy has been suggested to attenuate postoperative insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	45-57	insulin	Homo sapiens	112-119
29170125-5	2018	In this study, we aim to investigate the role of carbohydrates present in the SLP from L. kefiri CIDCA 8348 (SLP-8348) in their internalization by murine macrophages, as well as to analyze their immunomodulatory capacity and their effect on LPS-stimulated macrophages.	Carbohydrates	49-62	superkiller viralicidic activity 2-like (S. cerevisiae), pseudogene 1	Mus musculus	78-81
29170125-5	2018	In this study, we aim to investigate the role of carbohydrates present in the SLP from L. kefiri CIDCA 8348 (SLP-8348) in their internalization by murine macrophages, as well as to analyze their immunomodulatory capacity and their effect on LPS-stimulated macrophages.	Carbohydrates	49-62	superkiller viralicidic activity 2-like (S. cerevisiae), pseudogene 1	Mus musculus	109-112
27662816-3	2018	It plays an indirect but an important role in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism as reflected by its association with type 2 diabetes (T2D), metabolic syndrome, insulin secretion, insulin resistance, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and obesity.	Carbohydrates	46-58	insulin	Homo sapiens	160-167
30041175-2	2018	Insulin can control carbohydrate metabolism adequately, but cannot regulate lipid metabolism well in patients with T1DM.	Carbohydrates	20-32	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
29295838-0	2018	Genetic Evidence That Carbohydrate-Stimulated Insulin Secretion Leads to Obesity.	Carbohydrates	22-34	insulin	Homo sapiens	46-53
29295838-1	2018	BACKGROUND: A fundamental precept of the carbohydrate-insulin model of obesity is that insulin secretion drives weight gain.	Carbohydrates	41-53	insulin	Homo sapiens	54-61
29295838-10	2018	CONCLUSIONS: Mendelian randomization analyses provide evidence for a causal relationship of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion on body weight, consistent with the carbohydrate-insulin model of obesity.	Carbohydrates	165-177	insulin	Homo sapiens	111-118
28885776-2	2018	It comprises capillary zone electrophoresis and capillary isoelectric focusing efforts that led to the exploration and use of assays for the determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin as a marker for excessive alcohol intake, genetic variants of transferrin, congenital disorders of glycosylation and beta-2-transferrin, which is a marker for cerebrospinal fluid leakage.	Carbohydrates	158-170	transferrin	Homo sapiens	181-192
28236367-5	2018	METHODS: The isoform pattern of 30 healthy controls &amp; 50 CDG-suspected patients was determined by CE using a Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin kit.	Carbohydrates	113-125	transferrin	Homo sapiens	136-147
29306223-1	2017	Background/aim: The aim of this prospective study was to determine whether the preoperative oral intake of carbohydrate-rich drinks by patients undergoing a coronary artery bypass graft attenuates postoperative insulin requirements, improves postoperative patient discomfort, provides inotropic support, shortens the length of the ICU stay, and shortens the duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation.	Carbohydrates	107-119	insulin	Homo sapiens	211-218
29391881-1	2018	Sialyl Lewisx (SLX) is a carbohydrate ligand for endothelial selectin that participates in cell adhesion, proliferation and scattering.	Carbohydrates	25-37	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	7-13
29225114-2	2018	Another hypothesis for why we get fat has surfaced in the last decade which is the idea that the overconsumption of added sugars and refined carbohydrates induce insulin resistance and high insulin levels causing obesity.	Carbohydrates	141-154	insulin	Homo sapiens	162-169
29225114-2	2018	Another hypothesis for why we get fat has surfaced in the last decade which is the idea that the overconsumption of added sugars and refined carbohydrates induce insulin resistance and high insulin levels causing obesity.	Carbohydrates	141-154	insulin	Homo sapiens	190-197
29737098-0	2018	[The Influence of Transferrin Gene Polymorphism on Measuring Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin by Capillary Electrophoresis].	Carbohydrates	61-73	transferrin	Homo sapiens	18-29
29737098-0	2018	[The Influence of Transferrin Gene Polymorphism on Measuring Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin by Capillary Electrophoresis].	Carbohydrates	61-73	transferrin	Homo sapiens	84-95
29737098-1	2018	OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of isoforms of transferrin (Tf) on the detection of serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) by capillary electrophoresis (CE).	Carbohydrates	96-108	transferrin	Homo sapiens	53-64
29737098-1	2018	OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of isoforms of transferrin (Tf) on the detection of serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) by capillary electrophoresis (CE).	Carbohydrates	96-108	transferrin	Homo sapiens	66-68
29737098-1	2018	OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of isoforms of transferrin (Tf) on the detection of serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) by capillary electrophoresis (CE).	Carbohydrates	96-108	transferrin	Homo sapiens	119-130
29737098-9	2018	CONCLUSION: Tf-Dchi variant influences the measurement of carbohydrate deficientTf by CE,leading to unreliable results.	Carbohydrates	58-70	transferrin	Homo sapiens	12-14
29259206-5	2017	Highly induced genes identified in transcriptional profiling include those for putative enzymes and a carbohydrate metabolism enzyme, alkB2; this latter gene is not upregulated in PA14 cells.	Carbohydrates	102-114	alkane-1 monooxygenase	Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1	134-139
29696035-8	2018	Conclusions: Our results suggest that in comparison with simple advice to modify carbohydrate intake, a calorie-restricted, moderate carbohydrate diet supplemented with psyllium has better effects on plasma insulin and pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	133-145	insulin	Homo sapiens	207-214
29263309-8	2017	Our findings demonstrate a previously unknown pathogenic role for C5aR1 in acute pyelonephritis, proposing a potentially novel mechanism by which C5a/C5aR1 signaling mediates upregulation of carbohydrate ligands on renal tubules to facilitate UPEC adhesion.	Carbohydrates	191-203	complement C5a receptor 1	Homo sapiens	66-71
29263309-8	2017	Our findings demonstrate a previously unknown pathogenic role for C5aR1 in acute pyelonephritis, proposing a potentially novel mechanism by which C5a/C5aR1 signaling mediates upregulation of carbohydrate ligands on renal tubules to facilitate UPEC adhesion.	Carbohydrates	191-203	complement C5a receptor 1	Homo sapiens	150-155
29296119-6	2017	Metabolic category using differential metabolites indicates the lower percentage of carbohydrates in LPS/GALN + HD group than LPS/GALN group, revealing the value of carbohydrate metabolism in HD decoction-administrated mouse liver.	Carbohydrates	84-97	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	101-104
29296119-6	2017	Metabolic category using differential metabolites indicates the lower percentage of carbohydrates in LPS/GALN + HD group than LPS/GALN group, revealing the value of carbohydrate metabolism in HD decoction-administrated mouse liver.	Carbohydrates	84-97	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Mus musculus	105-109
29296119-6	2017	Metabolic category using differential metabolites indicates the lower percentage of carbohydrates in LPS/GALN + HD group than LPS/GALN group, revealing the value of carbohydrate metabolism in HD decoction-administrated mouse liver.	Carbohydrates	84-96	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	101-104
29296119-6	2017	Metabolic category using differential metabolites indicates the lower percentage of carbohydrates in LPS/GALN + HD group than LPS/GALN group, revealing the value of carbohydrate metabolism in HD decoction-administrated mouse liver.	Carbohydrates	84-96	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Mus musculus	105-109
29306223-10	2017	Conclusion: The administration of carbohydrates before elective cardiac surgery reduced insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	34-47	insulin	Homo sapiens	88-95
29270126-1	2017	Introduction: Sleep deprivation can impair several physiological systems and recently, new evidence has pointed to the relationship between a lack of sleep and carbohydrate metabolism, consequently resulting in insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	160-172	insulin	Homo sapiens	211-218
29240807-1	2017	Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), a small, secreted peptide growth factor, is involved in a variety of physiological and patho-physiological processes, including somatic growth, tissue repair, and metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.	Carbohydrates	214-227	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	0-28
29240807-1	2017	Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), a small, secreted peptide growth factor, is involved in a variety of physiological and patho-physiological processes, including somatic growth, tissue repair, and metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.	Carbohydrates	214-227	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	30-34
28840443-1	2017	PURPOSE: The study aimed to investigate the prognostic role of the preoperative carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) level in alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-negative (AFP &lt; 25 ng/ml) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients.	Carbohydrates	80-92	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	124-141
28840443-1	2017	PURPOSE: The study aimed to investigate the prognostic role of the preoperative carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) level in alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-negative (AFP &lt; 25 ng/ml) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients.	Carbohydrates	80-92	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	143-146
28840443-1	2017	PURPOSE: The study aimed to investigate the prognostic role of the preoperative carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) level in alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-negative (AFP &lt; 25 ng/ml) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients.	Carbohydrates	80-92	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	158-161
28117542-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Delivery of insulin for high-protein low-fat meals with carbohydrates on the basis of carbohydrates leads to higher late postprandial glycemia.	Carbohydrates	68-81	insulin	Homo sapiens	24-31
28984747-7	2017	These differences were corroborated by significant differences in the alcohol-specific biological marker carbohydrate deficient transferrin at 3 months.	Carbohydrates	105-117	transferrin	Homo sapiens	128-139
28117542-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Delivery of insulin for high-protein low-fat meals with carbohydrates on the basis of carbohydrates leads to higher late postprandial glycemia.	Carbohydrates	98-111	insulin	Homo sapiens	24-31
28992793-1	2017	Free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2, also known as GPR43) is a G-protein-coupled receptor activated by short-chain fatty acids that are produced by gut microbiota through fermentation of nondigestible carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	199-212	free fatty acid receptor 2	Homo sapiens	0-26
28992793-1	2017	Free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2, also known as GPR43) is a G-protein-coupled receptor activated by short-chain fatty acids that are produced by gut microbiota through fermentation of nondigestible carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	199-212	free fatty acid receptor 2	Homo sapiens	28-33
28992793-1	2017	Free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2, also known as GPR43) is a G-protein-coupled receptor activated by short-chain fatty acids that are produced by gut microbiota through fermentation of nondigestible carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	199-212	free fatty acid receptor 2	Homo sapiens	49-54
29170665-8	2017	Our results show that the beta-glucan fungal cell wall carbohydrate stimulated B-lymphocytes to secrete IL-1beta in a process partially mediated by Dectin-1 activation via SYK and the transcription factors NF-kappaB and AP-1.	Carbohydrates	55-67	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	104-112
28943358-4	2017	This method enabled the presentation of carbohydrate epitopes on live animal cells, as shown by the acquisition of E-selectin binding sites on mouse MC-38 cells decorated with 3-fucosyllactose or 3-fucosyl-3-sialyllactose.	Carbohydrates	40-52	selectin, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	115-125
28972165-1	2017	We recently reported that the lectin surfactant protein D (SP-D) suppresses epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling by interfering with ligand binding to EGFR through an interaction between the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of SP-D and N-glycans of EGFR.	Carbohydrates	204-216	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	76-108
28972165-1	2017	We recently reported that the lectin surfactant protein D (SP-D) suppresses epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling by interfering with ligand binding to EGFR through an interaction between the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of SP-D and N-glycans of EGFR.	Carbohydrates	204-216	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	110-114
28972165-1	2017	We recently reported that the lectin surfactant protein D (SP-D) suppresses epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling by interfering with ligand binding to EGFR through an interaction between the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of SP-D and N-glycans of EGFR.	Carbohydrates	204-216	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	164-168
28972165-1	2017	We recently reported that the lectin surfactant protein D (SP-D) suppresses epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling by interfering with ligand binding to EGFR through an interaction between the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of SP-D and N-glycans of EGFR.	Carbohydrates	204-216	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	164-168
29099048-0	2017	Detection of Salivary Insulin Following Low versus High Carbohydrate Meals in Humans.	Carbohydrates	56-68	insulin	Homo sapiens	22-29
29123241-6	2017	Of note, TLA retained its immunomodulatory properties, inducing high levels of IL-6, TNFalpha, IL-10 and IL-12p70 in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells after heat-inactivation or proteinase K-treatment for disruption of proteins, but not after sodium metaperiodate-treatment that degrades carbohydrate structures, suggesting that carbohydrates may play a role in immunomodulatory properties of TLA.	Carbohydrates	290-302	histocompatibility 2, T region locus 18	Mus musculus	9-12
29123241-6	2017	Of note, TLA retained its immunomodulatory properties, inducing high levels of IL-6, TNFalpha, IL-10 and IL-12p70 in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells after heat-inactivation or proteinase K-treatment for disruption of proteins, but not after sodium metaperiodate-treatment that degrades carbohydrate structures, suggesting that carbohydrates may play a role in immunomodulatory properties of TLA.	Carbohydrates	331-344	histocompatibility 2, T region locus 18	Mus musculus	9-12
28971232-1	2017	Optimization of conditions in view of its application to the HPLC analysis of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT).	Carbohydrates	78-90	transferrin	Homo sapiens	101-112
29016705-0	2017	Is carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) a useful biomarker to identify alcohol abuse in advanced liver fibrosis?	Carbohydrates	3-15	transferrin	Homo sapiens	26-37
28971232-3	2017	This protein undergoes a complex glycosylation process leading to several glycoforms, some of which are important in the diagnosis of alcohol abuse and of congenital glycosylation defects under the collective name of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT).	Carbohydrates	217-229	transferrin	Homo sapiens	240-251
28724255-2	2017	Increasing the concentrations of proteins and lipids, and decreasing carbohydrate content in FW, led to high buffering capacity, reduction of proteins (52.7-65.0%) and lipids (57.4-88.2%), and methane production (385-627 mLCH4/g volatile solid), while achieving a short retention time.	Carbohydrates	69-81	immunoregulatory 2	Mus musculus	221-226
28437263-0	2017	Evaluation of preoperative oral carbohydrate administration on insulin resistance in off-pump coronary artery bypass patients: A randomised trial.	Carbohydrates	32-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	63-70
28947679-3	2017	Peroxisome proliferator activator receptorgamma (PPARgamma) is a key player in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	79-91	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-47
28437263-1	2017	BACKGROUND: In fasting cardiac surgery patients, preoperative carbohydrate (CHO) drink intake attenuated insulin resistance and improved cardiac metabolism, although its beneficial effects were not evident after cardiac surgery possibly due to cardiopulmonary bypass-related extreme systemic inflammation.	Carbohydrates	62-74	insulin	Homo sapiens	105-112
28947679-3	2017	Peroxisome proliferator activator receptorgamma (PPARgamma) is a key player in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	79-91	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	49-58
29069585-0	2017	Absence of Carbohydrate Response Element Binding Protein in Adipocytes Causes Systemic Insulin Resistance and Impairs Glucose Transport.	Carbohydrates	11-23	insulin	Homo sapiens	87-94
28949377-2	2017	In this study, the antiplatelet activity of three newly synthesized saccharide based benzimidazole derivatives, M3BIM, Malto-BIM and Melibio-BIM, in collagen and thrombin-stimulated human platelets in vitro was examined.	Carbohydrates	68-78	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	162-170
29107286-9	2017	Although Liver-ChREBP KO mice were protected against carbohydrate-induced hepatic steatosis, they displayed worsened glucose tolerance.	Carbohydrates	53-65	MLX interacting protein-like	Mus musculus	15-21
29153024-1	2017	Classical galactosemia is an inherited disorder of the carbohydrate metabolism, most often caused by the deficient activity of the enzyme galactose-1-phosphate-uridyltransferase.	Carbohydrates	55-67	galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase	Homo sapiens	138-177
29228713-2	2017	The LTQ Orbitrap LC-MS/MS mass spectrometry analysis of cell surface TF-Ag proteome of metastatic prostate cancer cells reveals that several cell surface glycoproteins expressing this carbohydrate antigen in prostate cancer (CD44, alpha2 integrin, beta1 integrin, CD49f, CD133, CD59, EphA2, CD138, transferrin receptor, profilin) are either known as stem cell markers or control important cancer stem-like cell functions.	Carbohydrates	184-196	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	278-282
29020627-5	2017	Unexpectedly, carbohydrate challenge of hepatic Pparalpha knockout mice also demonstrated a PPARalpha-dependent glucose response for Fgf21 that was associated with an increased sucrose preference.	Carbohydrates	14-26	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	92-101
29020627-6	2017	This blunted response was due to decreased Fgf21 promoter accessibility and diminished ChREBP binding onto Fgf21 carbohydrate-responsive element (ChoRE) in hepatocytes lacking PPARalpha.	Carbohydrates	113-125	MLX interacting protein-like	Mus musculus	87-93
28981082-4	2017	RESULTS: Multivariate analyses identified that two preoperative factors (serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels &gt;4.1 mg/l (hazard ratio (HR): 2.75, 95% CI: 1.65-4.73, P&lt;0.001) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) levels &gt;300 mg/ml (HR: 3.76, 95% CI: 2.18-6.49)) were independent prognostic factors for postoperative survival in the training cohort.	Carbohydrates	185-197	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	79-97
29204367-10	2017	Conclusion: When consuming carbohydrate-based mixed meals, children with type 1 diabetes on insulin pump therapy, required significantly more insulin over a longer period of time than the insulin requirement calculated using current regimes.	Carbohydrates	27-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	92-99
29204367-10	2017	Conclusion: When consuming carbohydrate-based mixed meals, children with type 1 diabetes on insulin pump therapy, required significantly more insulin over a longer period of time than the insulin requirement calculated using current regimes.	Carbohydrates	27-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	142-149
29204367-10	2017	Conclusion: When consuming carbohydrate-based mixed meals, children with type 1 diabetes on insulin pump therapy, required significantly more insulin over a longer period of time than the insulin requirement calculated using current regimes.	Carbohydrates	27-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	142-149
28981082-4	2017	RESULTS: Multivariate analyses identified that two preoperative factors (serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels &gt;4.1 mg/l (hazard ratio (HR): 2.75, 95% CI: 1.65-4.73, P&lt;0.001) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) levels &gt;300 mg/ml (HR: 3.76, 95% CI: 2.18-6.49)) were independent prognostic factors for postoperative survival in the training cohort.	Carbohydrates	185-197	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	99-102
28575788-5	2017	In recycle process, hydrolysate retained a significant portion of the limiting enzyme alpha-galactosidase to accelerate carbohydrate monomerization rate.	Carbohydrates	120-132	alpha galactosidase	Glycine max	86-105
28599236-4	2017	So, this paper serves as a comprehensive review, where for selected 14 carbohydrates in the solid state both FT-Raman and ATR FT-IR spectra were collected and assigned.	Carbohydrates	71-84	ATR serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	122-125
28709864-0	2017	The role of human natural killer-1 (HNK-1) carbohydrate in neuronal plasticity and disease.	Carbohydrates	43-55	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	36-41
28709864-1	2017	BACKGROUND: The human natural killer-1 (HNK-1) carbohydrate, a unique trisaccharide possessing sulfated glucuronic acid in a non-reducing terminus (HSO3-3GlcAss1-3Galss1-4GlcNAc-), is highly expressed in the nervous system and its spatiotemporal expression is strictly regulated.	Carbohydrates	47-59	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	40-45
28709864-3	2017	In addition to its physiological roles in higher brain function, the HNK-1 carbohydrate has attracted considerable attention as an autoantigen associated with peripheral demyelinative neuropathy, which relates to IgM paraproteinemia, because of high immunogenicity.	Carbohydrates	75-87	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	69-74
29124047-2	2017	Adiponectin is a polypeptide hormone that is extensively released by adipocytes which regulates energy homeostasis and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	119-131	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	0-11
27642057-9	2017	CARB meal was found to increase plasma IL-6 whereas MUFA meal elevated plasma D-dimer postprandially compared with SAFA meal (P &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	0-4	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	39-43
28574182-4	2017	Insulin dose was determined using the participant"s optimized insulin:carbohydrate ratio.	Carbohydrates	70-82	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
28768703-0	2017	Opposite Regulation of Insulin Sensitivity by Dietary Lipid Versus Carbohydrate Excess.	Carbohydrates	67-79	insulin	Homo sapiens	23-30
28574182-9	2017	Additional insulin at an insulin:carbohydrate ratio of up to 70% is needed in the extended bolus for a high fat and protein meal to prevent delayed hyperglycaemia.	Carbohydrates	33-45	insulin	Homo sapiens	11-18
28668719-2	2017	METHODS: Hospitalized patients (n=451) receiving rapid acting insulin analog (RAIA) using carbohydrate counting were retrospectively analyzed.	Carbohydrates	90-102	insulin	Homo sapiens	62-69
28584296-5	2017	Other genes were involved in carbohydrate metabolism/glucose homoeostasis or in lipid metabolism (for example, TCF7L2, ADRB3, LIPE, GIPR), revealing plausible mechanisms according to existing biological knowledge.	Carbohydrates	29-41	gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor	Homo sapiens	132-136
28938434-1	2017	Context: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) secretion has been shown to respond directly to carbohydrate consumption, with glucose, fructose, and sucrose all reported to increase plasma levels of FGF21 in rodents and humans.	Carbohydrates	93-105	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	9-36
28938434-1	2017	Context: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) secretion has been shown to respond directly to carbohydrate consumption, with glucose, fructose, and sucrose all reported to increase plasma levels of FGF21 in rodents and humans.	Carbohydrates	93-105	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	38-43
28938434-1	2017	Context: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) secretion has been shown to respond directly to carbohydrate consumption, with glucose, fructose, and sucrose all reported to increase plasma levels of FGF21 in rodents and humans.	Carbohydrates	93-105	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	197-202
28370553-3	2017	It does this by forming a tetrameric complex made up of two ChREBP/Mlx heterodimers, which enables it to bind to the carbohydrate response element (ChoRE) in the promoter region of its target genes to regulate transcription.	Carbohydrates	117-129	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	60-66
29766097-4	2017	This study screened EGS patients for CHA use using serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (%dCDT) level, a biomarker that has been validated as an indicator for CHA use, as well as the AUDIT.	Carbohydrates	57-69	transferrin	Homo sapiens	80-91
28864143-10	2017	Higher carbohydrate intake was associated with lower total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and ApoB, but also with lower HDL cholesterol and ApoA1, and higher triglycerides, ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol, ratio of triglycerides to HDL cholesterol, and ApoB-to-ApoA1 ratio (all ptrend&lt;0 0001, apart from ApoB [ptrend=0 0014]).	Carbohydrates	7-19	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	93-97
28864143-10	2017	Higher carbohydrate intake was associated with lower total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and ApoB, but also with lower HDL cholesterol and ApoA1, and higher triglycerides, ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol, ratio of triglycerides to HDL cholesterol, and ApoB-to-ApoA1 ratio (all ptrend&lt;0 0001, apart from ApoB [ptrend=0 0014]).	Carbohydrates	7-19	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	139-144
28864143-10	2017	Higher carbohydrate intake was associated with lower total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and ApoB, but also with lower HDL cholesterol and ApoA1, and higher triglycerides, ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol, ratio of triglycerides to HDL cholesterol, and ApoB-to-ApoA1 ratio (all ptrend&lt;0 0001, apart from ApoB [ptrend=0 0014]).	Carbohydrates	7-19	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	266-270
28864143-10	2017	Higher carbohydrate intake was associated with lower total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and ApoB, but also with lower HDL cholesterol and ApoA1, and higher triglycerides, ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol, ratio of triglycerides to HDL cholesterol, and ApoB-to-ApoA1 ratio (all ptrend&lt;0 0001, apart from ApoB [ptrend=0 0014]).	Carbohydrates	7-19	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	274-279
28864143-10	2017	Higher carbohydrate intake was associated with lower total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and ApoB, but also with lower HDL cholesterol and ApoA1, and higher triglycerides, ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol, ratio of triglycerides to HDL cholesterol, and ApoB-to-ApoA1 ratio (all ptrend&lt;0 0001, apart from ApoB [ptrend=0 0014]).	Carbohydrates	7-19	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	266-270
28871303-5	2017	The multivalent mannosides were designed to interact with the carbohydrate recognition domains of DC-SIGN in a chelate or bind and recapture process, and represent the first chemical antiadhesives of HCMV reported so far.	Carbohydrates	62-74	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	98-105
28989726-0	2017	Carbohydrate-last meal pattern lowers postprandial glucose and insulin excursions in type 2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	63-70
28989726-5	2017	Postprandial insulin excursions were lower (iAUC0-180: 7354.1+-897.3 vs 9769.7+-1002.1 microU/mLxmin, p=0.003) and GLP-1 excursions higher (iAUC0-180: 3487.56+-327.7 vs 2519.11+-494.8 pg/mLxmin, p=0.019) following the carbohydrate-last meal order compared with carbohydrate first.	Carbohydrates	218-230	insulin	Homo sapiens	13-20
28989726-5	2017	Postprandial insulin excursions were lower (iAUC0-180: 7354.1+-897.3 vs 9769.7+-1002.1 microU/mLxmin, p=0.003) and GLP-1 excursions higher (iAUC0-180: 3487.56+-327.7 vs 2519.11+-494.8 pg/mLxmin, p=0.019) following the carbohydrate-last meal order compared with carbohydrate first.	Carbohydrates	261-273	insulin	Homo sapiens	13-20
28870237-0	2017	The N- and C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domains of Haemonchus contortus galectin bind to distinct receptors of goat PBMC and contribute differently to its immunomodulatory functions in host-parasite interactions.	Carbohydrates	22-34	galectin-1	Capra hircus	79-87
28687490-0	2017	X-ray structure of a protease-resistant mutant form of human galectin-9 having two carbohydrate recognition domains with a metal-binding site.	Carbohydrates	83-95	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	61-71
28687490-1	2017	Galectin-9 (G9) is a tandem-repeat type beta-galactoside-specific animal lectin having N-terminal and C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domains (N-CRD and C-CRD, respectively) joined by a linker peptide that is involved in the immune system.	Carbohydrates	113-125	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	0-14
28336391-10	2017	There was a significant inverse association between dietary carbohydrate and fiber consumption and serum hs-CRP in both crude and adjusted models.	Carbohydrates	60-72	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	108-111
28336391-11	2017	CONCLUSION: We have found a significant positive association between the dietary intake of fat, protein, cholesterol and sodium and hs-CRP level, and an inverse correlation between dietary carbohydrate and fiber and serum hs-CRP in a large representative Iranian population.	Carbohydrates	189-201	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	225-228
27379830-12	2017	Plasma glucose and insulin were lower following the high-protein/low-carbohydrate treatment compared to the low-protein/high-carbohydrate-no animal protein treatment (p &lt; .05).	Carbohydrates	69-81	insulin	Homo sapiens	19-26
28507168-7	2017	Recent intervention studies have explored the role of mixed meals or carbohydrate, protein, omega-3 fatty acid, or antioxidant supplementation in mitigating exercise-induced increases in IL-6.	Carbohydrates	69-81	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	187-191
28924296-5	2017	Advanced carb counting involving equations which help in better understanding of insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio and insulin dose adjustment are also included in this review.	Carbohydrates	9-13	insulin	Homo sapiens	81-88
28924296-5	2017	Advanced carb counting involving equations which help in better understanding of insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio and insulin dose adjustment are also included in this review.	Carbohydrates	9-13	insulin	Homo sapiens	115-122
28924296-5	2017	Advanced carb counting involving equations which help in better understanding of insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio and insulin dose adjustment are also included in this review.	Carbohydrates	92-104	insulin	Homo sapiens	81-88
28768172-1	2017	With the identification of ChREBP in 2001, our interest in understanding the molecular control of carbohydrate sensing has surged.	Carbohydrates	98-110	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	27-33
28644561-8	2017	Apart from common regulation, specific responses at the transcriptome and metabolite level linked Cyp20-3 to cell wall-bound carbohydrates and oxylipin signaling, and 2-CysPrx to photosynthesis, sugar and amino acid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	125-138	rotamase CYP 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	98-105
30402612-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs) as they occur on natural allergens from plants and insects influence the measurement of antigen-specific IgE-antibodies in the context of in vitro allergy diagnosis.	Carbohydrates	27-39	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	165-168
28453944-13	2017	In conclusion, in a rural Chinese population, high intake of carbohydrate and low intake of fat and protein were associated with insulin resistance and hypertension, possibly by increasing inflammatory factors such as sICAM-1 and hsCRP, increasing BF% and increasing the level of plasma TG.	Carbohydrates	61-73	insulin	Homo sapiens	129-136
29026490-0	2017	Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin as a Biomarker for Screening At-Risk Drinking in Elderly Men.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
29026490-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is a useful biomarker to identify excessive alcohol consumption; however, few studies have validated the %CDT cut-off value in elderly men.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
28418082-0	2017	Non-digestible carbohydrates supplementation increases miR-32 expression in the healthy human colorectal epithelium: A randomized controlled trial.	Carbohydrates	15-28	microRNA 32	Homo sapiens	55-61
28845625-2	2017	Carbohydrates directly stimulate an insulin response, and studies have recently shown that insulin and binding to respective insulin receptors (IRs) are critical in Kisspeptin (Kiss1) neuronal development.	Carbohydrates	0-13	insulin	Homo sapiens	36-43
28845625-4	2017	This information suggests that carbohydrate restriction may delay pubertal development in adolescents due to the impact on insulin and Kiss1 transcription.	Carbohydrates	31-43	insulin	Homo sapiens	123-130
29043221-5	2017	Similarly, in vitro inhibitory abilities against carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes of PAU were higher than those of PAL.	Carbohydrates	49-61	leucine rich repeat, Ig-like and transmembrane domains 1	Homo sapiens	115-118
28814762-0	2017	Down-regulation of PDK4 is Critical for the Switch of Carbohydrate Catabolism during Syncytialization of Human Placental Trophoblasts.	Carbohydrates	54-66	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4	Homo sapiens	19-23
26046597-9	2017	This means that the sugar created from those carbohydrates is released at a slower rate, preventing spikes in both blood sugar and insulin.	Carbohydrates	45-58	insulin	Homo sapiens	131-138
27875282-7	2017	Mean carbohydrate utilization was 0.19 +- 0.1 g min-1 when patients were on mechanical ventilation compared with 0.15 +- 0.09 g min-1 upon liberation ( P &lt; .05).	Carbohydrates	5-17	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	48-53
28732522-11	2017	CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that ESPs released by EgPSC can directly regulate the differentiation of B10, B17 and Th17 cells, which appear to be heat-labile and carbohydrate-dependent.	Carbohydrates	168-180	granzyme C	Mus musculus	108-111
28757018-1	2017	Group A rotaviruses (RVAs) are divided into neuraminidase (NA)-sensitive and NA-insensitive strains depending upon their binding affinity to the VP8* domain in the terminal sialic acids (SAs) of cell surface carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	208-221	neuraminidase 1	Bos taurus	44-57
28675223-6	2017	Limits of detection in the picomolar and femtomolar ranges (25 fmol muL-1 for neurotensin) were achieved for different types of compounds (fatty acids, lipids, metabolites, saccharides and peptides) having clinical or food industry applications.	Carbohydrates	173-184	neurotensin	Homo sapiens	78-89
28740415-7	2017	Interestingly, our experiments show that the two fractions regulated cytokine secretion differently: ESM depressed inflammation by increased secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 while the carbohydrate fraction reduced secretions of the pro inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and IL-6.	Carbohydrates	201-213	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	276-284
28694840-10	2017	CONCLUSIONS: FGF-21 levels decreased with dietary intervention in proportion to carbohydrate content, and correlated with hepatic insulin sensitivity, suggesting a pattern of improving FGF-21 resistance.	Carbohydrates	80-92	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	13-19
28740415-7	2017	Interestingly, our experiments show that the two fractions regulated cytokine secretion differently: ESM depressed inflammation by increased secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 while the carbohydrate fraction reduced secretions of the pro inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and IL-6.	Carbohydrates	201-213	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	289-293
28502980-1	2017	Recent evidence shows that high glucose levels recruit carbohydrate response element-binding protein, which binds the promoter of thioredoxin-interacting protein (txnip), thereby regulating its expression in beta-cells.	Carbohydrates	55-67	thioredoxin interacting protein	Mus musculus	130-161
28671626-11	2017	Reduction of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) was observed from baseline vs. post-exercise and after recovery for the Hypoxia + Carbohydrate group; a lower concentration was observed in pre-exercise vs. post-exercise and recovery.	Carbohydrates	135-147	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	13-40
28671626-11	2017	Reduction of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) was observed from baseline vs. post-exercise and after recovery for the Hypoxia + Carbohydrate group; a lower concentration was observed in pre-exercise vs. post-exercise and recovery.	Carbohydrates	135-147	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	42-51
28671626-12	2017	TNF-alpha had a reduction from baseline vs. post-exercise for both supplementation groups, and a lower secretion between baseline vs. recovery, and pre-exercise vs. post-exercise for Hypoxia + Carbohydrate group.	Carbohydrates	193-205	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	0-9
28502980-1	2017	Recent evidence shows that high glucose levels recruit carbohydrate response element-binding protein, which binds the promoter of thioredoxin-interacting protein (txnip), thereby regulating its expression in beta-cells.	Carbohydrates	55-67	thioredoxin interacting protein	Mus musculus	163-168
28322071-0	2017	An additional bolus of rapid-acting insulin to normalise postprandial cardiovascular risk factors following a high-carbohydrate high-fat meal in patients with type 1 diabetes: A randomised controlled trial.	Carbohydrates	115-127	insulin	Homo sapiens	36-43
28433181-1	2017	A water-soluble polysaccharide SPS2p was isolated from the whole grass of Scutellaria barbata and SPS2p contained 53.6% carbohydrates, 38.5% uronic acid and 8.2% proteins.	Carbohydrates	120-133	selenophosphate synthetase 2	Homo sapiens	31-36
28322071-3	2017	Meals had identical carbohydrate and protein content and bolus insulin dose determined by carbohydrate-counting.	Carbohydrates	90-102	insulin	Homo sapiens	63-70
28322071-10	2017	CONCLUSION: Additional bolus insulin 3 h following a high-carbohydrate high-fat meal prevents late rises in postprandial triglycerides and tumour necrosis factor alpha, thus improving cardiovascular risk profile.	Carbohydrates	58-70	insulin	Homo sapiens	29-36
28560429-3	2017	MCP is able to tightly bind with galectin-3, via recognition of its carbohydrate recognition domain, and facilitates the modulation of galectin-3-induced bioactivity.	Carbohydrates	68-80	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	33-43
27896954-1	2017	The present study examined the long-term efficacy of insulin pump therapy for type 1 diabetes patients when carried out using carbohydrate counting with bolus calculators for 1 year.	Carbohydrates	126-138	insulin	Homo sapiens	53-60
27896954-5	2017	Carbohydrate counting using bolus calculators is necessary to achieve optimal and persistent glycemic control in patients undergoing continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	157-164
27086029-0	2017	The Adhesion Molecule-Characteristic HNK-1 Carbohydrate Contributes to Functional Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury in Adult Zebrafish.	Carbohydrates	43-55	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	37-42
28433465-11	2017	As expected, an increase in glucose and insulin levels were found only after carbohydrate intake and the pulse rise was more pronounced for carbohydrates than fat.	Carbohydrates	77-89	insulin	Homo sapiens	40-47
28752977-8	2017	Low carbohydrate (OR=11.652, 95% CI: 3.864-35.135) and dietary fiber intake (OR=7.851, 95% CI: 2.272-27.137) were associated with higher odds of POF.	Carbohydrates	4-16	POF1B actin binding protein	Homo sapiens	145-148
27816951-0	2017	Incidental findings of monoclonal proteins from carbohydrate-deficient transferrin analysis using capillary electrophoresis.	Carbohydrates	48-60	transferrin	Homo sapiens	71-82
29134980-1	2017	Obesity is an energy imbalance condition, which is accompanied by metabolic and cardiovascular complications.Adiponectin, produced by adipocytes, is an important adipokine involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	184-196	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	109-120
28538729-1	2017	Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a hormone with essential roles in regulating insulin secretion, carbohydrate metabolism and appetite.	Carbohydrates	99-111	glucagon	Homo sapiens	0-23
29264550-10	2017	Fat and protein have both been shown to cause delayed postprandial hyperglycemia, leading to poor glycemic control with carbohydrate-focused insulin dosing in our patient on a high-fat, high-protein diet.	Carbohydrates	120-132	insulin	Homo sapiens	141-148
28881825-11	2017	Global increase of hepatic interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and hepatocyte growth factor was detected in low-fat/high-carbohydrate and high-fat with respect to standard diet fed mice as well as in tumor with respect to non-tumor bearing mice.	Carbohydrates	147-159	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	46-88
28538729-1	2017	Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a hormone with essential roles in regulating insulin secretion, carbohydrate metabolism and appetite.	Carbohydrates	99-111	glucagon	Homo sapiens	25-30
28588089-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has demonstrated beneficial effects on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	97-109	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	12-39
28588089-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has demonstrated beneficial effects on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	97-109	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	41-46
28403522-0	2017	Structure-Activity Relationship Studies, SPR Affinity Characterization, and Conformational Analysis of Peptides That Mimic the HNK-1 Carbohydrate Epitope.	Carbohydrates	133-145	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	127-132
28721140-1	2017	INTRODUCTION: Adiponectin, leptin and resistin are adipokines that play important roles in the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in type 2 diabetes (T2DM).	Carbohydrates	119-131	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	14-25
28267232-0	2017	DCL2- and RDR6-dependent transitive silencing of SMXL4 and SMXL5 in Arabidopsis dcl4 mutants causes defective phloem transport and carbohydrate over-accumulation.	Carbohydrates	131-143	dicer-like 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	80-84
28267232-6	2017	We show that the purple phenotype of dcl4 leaves correlates with carbohydrate over-accumulation and defective phloem transport, and depends on the activity of SUPPRESSOR OF GENE SILENCING 3, RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE 6 (RDR6) and DCL2.	Carbohydrates	65-77	dicer-like 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	37-41
28487965-0	2017	HO-1/EBP interaction alleviates cholesterol-induced hypoxia through the activation of the AKT and Nrf2/mTOR pathways and inhibition of carbohydrate metabolism in cardiomyocytes.	Carbohydrates	135-147	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	0-8
28487965-7	2017	The overexpression of HO-1 alleviated the cholesterol-induced excessive oxidative stress status by inhibition of the carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	117-129	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	22-26
27729095-1	2017	The islets of Langerhans are endocrine tissue clusters that secrete hormones that regulate the body"s glucose, carbohydrate, and fat metabolism, the most important of which is insulin, a hormone secreted by beta-cells within the islets.	Carbohydrates	111-123	insulin	Homo sapiens	176-183
28418238-5	2017	These data suggest that known differences in the specific configuration/orientation of the carbohydrate recognition domains of MGL and ASGPR are responsible for the differences in binding observed between the different polymers of varied chain length and architecture.	Carbohydrates	91-103	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	135-140
28351593-1	2017	Cell surface carbohydrates of the Lewis blood group antigens, Lewis X (Lex), Lewis Y (Ley), Lewis A (Lea), and their sialylated derivatives, such as sialy Lewis X (sLex) and sialy Lewis A (sLea), play important roles in various recognition processes.	Carbohydrates	13-26	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	71-74
28416698-1	2017	Anti-MAG (myelin-associated glycoprotein) neuropathy is a disabling autoimmune peripheral neuropathy caused by monoclonal IgM autoantibodies that recognize the carbohydrate epitope HNK-1 (human natural killer-1).	Carbohydrates	160-172	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	181-186
28416698-5	2017	We therefore hypothesized that a significant improvement in the disease condition could be achieved by selectively neutralizing the pathogenic anti-MAG antibodies with carbohydrate-based ligands mimicking the natural HNK-1 glycoepitope 1.	Carbohydrates	168-180	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	217-222
27916646-2	2017	All three PPAR isotypes, PPARalpha, PPARbeta/delta, and PPARgamma, are activated by a variety of molecules, including fatty acids, eicosanoids and phospholipids, and regulate a spectrum of genes involved in development, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, inflammation, and proliferation and differentiation of many cell types in different tissues.	Carbohydrates	230-242	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	56-65
28351593-1	2017	Cell surface carbohydrates of the Lewis blood group antigens, Lewis X (Lex), Lewis Y (Ley), Lewis A (Lea), and their sialylated derivatives, such as sialy Lewis X (sLex) and sialy Lewis A (sLea), play important roles in various recognition processes.	Carbohydrates	13-26	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	155-162
28340360-7	2017	HbA1c was positively associated with the quantity of carbohydrate consumption (beta=0.41; 95% CI 0.13-0.70, P=0.005), corresponding to an increase of 0.4% in HbA1c per 100g carbohydrates consumed daily, when adjusted for insulin dose/bodyweight and use of insulin pump treatment.	Carbohydrates	53-65	insulin	Homo sapiens	221-228
28171841-6	2017	The MEC operated with the dark fermentation effluent, containing a high portion of carbohydrates and low amount of organic acids, produced significant amount of undesired methane simultaneously with H2.	Carbohydrates	83-96	C-C motif chemokine ligand 28	Homo sapiens	4-7
28340360-7	2017	HbA1c was positively associated with the quantity of carbohydrate consumption (beta=0.41; 95% CI 0.13-0.70, P=0.005), corresponding to an increase of 0.4% in HbA1c per 100g carbohydrates consumed daily, when adjusted for insulin dose/bodyweight and use of insulin pump treatment.	Carbohydrates	53-65	insulin	Homo sapiens	256-263
28278487-2	2017	The algorithm detects the consumption of a meal and estimates its carbohydrate (CHO) amount to determine the appropriate dose of insulin bolus for a meal.	Carbohydrates	66-78	insulin	Homo sapiens	129-136
28282241-9	2017	In the CSII group, carbohydrate:insulin ratios were intensified across gestation (30% breakfast, 27% lunch, 22% dinner), and insulin sensitivity factors (ISFs) changed little (7% breakfast, 0% lunch, -10% dinner).	Carbohydrates	19-31	insulin	Homo sapiens	32-39
27356124-10	2017	CONCLUSIONS: Serum myostatin levels are higher with deterioration of carbohydrate tolerance.	Carbohydrates	69-81	myostatin	Homo sapiens	19-28
28448534-2	2017	Studies on cardiac metabolism found a key role for light elicited Per2 in mediating metabolic dependence on carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	108-120	period circadian clock 2	Mus musculus	66-70
28367836-2	2017	By acting on the saccharide-based additives, we can modulate the rheological, thermal, and wettability properties of the GO/PEDOT:PSS nanocomposite.	Carbohydrates	17-27	PSS	Homo sapiens	130-133
28413639-0	2017	Calprotectin in serum and zonulin in serum and feces are elevated after introduction of a diet with lower carbohydrate content and higher fiber, fat and protein contents.	Carbohydrates	106-118	haptoglobin	Homo sapiens	26-33
28287405-2	2017	Carbohydrate conjugate vaccines achieve this by coupling bacterial polysaccharides to a carrier protein that recruits heterologous CD4 T cells to help B cell maturation.	Carbohydrates	0-12	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	131-134
28443026-11	2017	However, the insulin response following the supplementations to a carbohydrate-rich meal seems to differ for these two protein sources.	Carbohydrates	66-78	insulin	Homo sapiens	13-20
28443070-2	2017	In addition to its well-established role in carbohydrate metabolism, D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) from Streptococcus pyogenes and S. pneumoniae have been reported to act as extracellular virulence factors during streptococcal infections.	Carbohydrates	44-56	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	113-118
27910718-3	2017	In the absence of weight loss, replacement of dietary carbohydrate (CHO) with mono/polyunsaturated fat reduces ambient insulin concentrations in non-PCOS subjects.	Carbohydrates	54-66	insulin	Homo sapiens	119-126
28322729-0	2017	Reprint of Standardisation and use of the alcohol biomarker carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT).	Carbohydrates	60-72	transferrin	Homo sapiens	83-94
28322729-1	2017	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is a glycoform profile of serum transferrin that increases in response to sustained high alcohol intake and over the last decades has become an important alcohol biomarker with clinical and forensic applications.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
28322729-1	2017	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is a glycoform profile of serum transferrin that increases in response to sustained high alcohol intake and over the last decades has become an important alcohol biomarker with clinical and forensic applications.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	73-84
28334006-8	2017	A semi-quantitative determination of various distributions of biomolecules by chemi-maps of reflection- and ATR- methods revealed that there were less carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates as well as amorphous or fully hydrated sugars in archaeological samples compared with forensic bone samples.	Carbohydrates	151-164	ATR serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	108-111
28130409-9	2017	These data demonstrate that carbohydrate and high-energy phosphate utilization in the anx/anx hypothalamus are diminished under basal and stress conditions.	Carbohydrates	28-40	anorexia	Mus musculus	86-89
27987414-2	2017	This communication reports the development of a new murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) against the chicken DEC-205, using as immunogen the carbohydrate recognition domain-2 (CRD-2) heterologously expressed.	Carbohydrates	137-149	lymphocyte antigen 75	Gallus gallus	105-112
28527166-11	2017	CONCLUSIONS: In the setting of high carbohydrate consumption in India, or in patients with predominant post prandial hyperglycemia, premix insulin/co-formulation can offer effective and convenient glycemic control.	Carbohydrates	36-48	insulin	Homo sapiens	139-146
27830476-2	2017	The first barrier to successful xenotransplantation is hyperacute rejection, a rapid, massive humoral immune response directed against the pig carbohydrate GGTA1 epitope.	Carbohydrates	143-155	N-acetyllactosaminide alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase	Sus scrofa	156-161
28356733-1	2017	A novel neuroendocrine peptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP), was found to have an important role in carbohydrate or lipid metabolism and was susceptible to dipeptidyl peptidase IV degradation.	Carbohydrates	127-139	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	32-78
27998807-8	2017	The proteomic assays showed strong effects on the carbohydrate metabolism and the protein folding in THP-1 cells but only weak impact on Jurkat cells.	Carbohydrates	50-62	GLI family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	101-106
28356733-1	2017	A novel neuroendocrine peptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP), was found to have an important role in carbohydrate or lipid metabolism and was susceptible to dipeptidyl peptidase IV degradation.	Carbohydrates	127-139	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	80-85
28074888-0	2017	A review of the carbohydrate-insulin model of obesity.	Carbohydrates	16-28	insulin	Homo sapiens	29-36
28261283-2	2017	Both classic carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism may be promising diagnostic markers for insulin resistance in acute coronary syndrome.	Carbohydrates	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	98-105
27599772-7	2017	Furthermore, the rs17145738 [0.68 (0.60-0.77); p = 6.69 x 10-9 ] on chr7 at the carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein-encoding (MLXIPL) gene locus displayed significant protective characteristics, while another variant rs6982502 [0.76 (0.68-0.84); p = 5.31 x 10-7 ] on chr8 showed similar but weaker properties.	Carbohydrates	80-92	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	138-144
28099035-11	2017	Patients must be educated that when using combining predictive low-glucose insulin suspension technology, extra carbohydrate intake in response to an alarm combined with manual resumption is likely to cause rebound hyperglycemia.	Carbohydrates	112-124	insulin	Homo sapiens	75-82
27901033-1	2017	The "carbohydrate-insulin theory of obesity" is used to justify popular health claims stating that carbohydrates make you fat or a high glycemic load and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and breakfast skipping increase fat gain.	Carbohydrates	5-17	insulin	Homo sapiens	18-25
27901033-1	2017	The "carbohydrate-insulin theory of obesity" is used to justify popular health claims stating that carbohydrates make you fat or a high glycemic load and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and breakfast skipping increase fat gain.	Carbohydrates	99-112	insulin	Homo sapiens	18-25
28074888-1	2017	The carbohydrate-insulin model of obesity theorizes that diets high in carbohydrate are particularly fattening due to their propensity to elevate insulin secretion.	Carbohydrates	4-16	insulin	Homo sapiens	17-24
28074888-1	2017	The carbohydrate-insulin model of obesity theorizes that diets high in carbohydrate are particularly fattening due to their propensity to elevate insulin secretion.	Carbohydrates	71-83	insulin	Homo sapiens	17-24
28074888-4	2017	Several logical consequences of this carbohydrate-insulin model of obesity were recently investigated in a pair of carefully controlled inpatient feeding studies whose results failed to support key model predictions.	Carbohydrates	37-49	insulin	Homo sapiens	50-57
28074888-5	2017	Therefore, important aspects of carbohydrate-insulin model have been experimentally falsified suggesting that the model is too simplistic.	Carbohydrates	32-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	45-52
28074888-6	2017	This review describes the current state of the carbohydrate-insulin model and the implications of its recent experimental tests.	Carbohydrates	47-59	insulin	Homo sapiens	60-67
27470666-0	2017	Bolus Calculator Settings in Well-Controlled Prepubertal Children Using Insulin Pumps Are Characterized by Low Insulin to Carbohydrate Ratios and Short Duration of Insulin Action Time.	Carbohydrates	122-134	insulin	Homo sapiens	72-79
28480852-6	2017	During the analysis of carbohydrate metabolism in cases of coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus type 2 the HOMA index increase by 25.40% and insulin level increase by 17.05% were revealed at patients with multivascular lesions of coronary arteries in comparison with patients with monovascular lesions of coronary arteries, respectively.	Carbohydrates	23-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	149-156
27470666-1	2017	BACKGROUND: The "500 rule" has been used extensively to find the insulin to carbohydrate ratio (ICR) for carbohydrate counting (CC).	Carbohydrates	76-88	insulin	Homo sapiens	65-72
27470666-1	2017	BACKGROUND: The "500 rule" has been used extensively to find the insulin to carbohydrate ratio (ICR) for carbohydrate counting (CC).	Carbohydrates	105-117	insulin	Homo sapiens	65-72
28332114-7	2017	For example, a high-carbohydrate diet will increase the density of sodium-dependent glucose-1 (SGLT1) transporters in the intestine as well as the activity of the transporter, allowing greater carbohydrate absorption and oxidation during exercise.	Carbohydrates	20-32	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Homo sapiens	95-100
28332114-7	2017	For example, a high-carbohydrate diet will increase the density of sodium-dependent glucose-1 (SGLT1) transporters in the intestine as well as the activity of the transporter, allowing greater carbohydrate absorption and oxidation during exercise.	Carbohydrates	193-205	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Homo sapiens	95-100
28230742-6	2017	In line, exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates during the latter 120 min of exercise were 46% +- 8% higher in GLU + FRU or GLU + SUC compared with GLU (1.19 +- 0.12, 1.13 +- 0.21, and 0.82 +- 0.16 g min-1, respectively, p &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	19-31	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	200-205
28230742-1	2017	Peak exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates typically reach ~1 g min-1 during exercise when ample glucose or glucose polymers are ingested.	Carbohydrates	15-27	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	65-70
28230742-7	2017	We conclude that fructose co-ingestion (0.6 g min-1) with glucose (1.2 g min-1) provided either as a monosaccharide or as sucrose strongly increases exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates during prolonged exercise in trained cyclists.	Carbohydrates	159-171	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	46-51
28230742-4	2017	Ten trained male cyclists (VO2peak: 65 +- 2 mL kg-1 min-1) cycled on four different occasions for 180 min at 50% Wmax during which they consumed a carbohydrate solution providing 1.8 g min-1 of glucose (GLU), 1.2 g min-1 glucose + 0.6 g min-1 fructose (GLU + FRU), 0.6 g min-1 glucose + 1.2 g min-1 sucrose (GLU + SUC), or water (WAT).	Carbohydrates	147-159	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	185-190
28230742-4	2017	Ten trained male cyclists (VO2peak: 65 +- 2 mL kg-1 min-1) cycled on four different occasions for 180 min at 50% Wmax during which they consumed a carbohydrate solution providing 1.8 g min-1 of glucose (GLU), 1.2 g min-1 glucose + 0.6 g min-1 fructose (GLU + FRU), 0.6 g min-1 glucose + 1.2 g min-1 sucrose (GLU + SUC), or water (WAT).	Carbohydrates	147-159	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	185-190
28230742-4	2017	Ten trained male cyclists (VO2peak: 65 +- 2 mL kg-1 min-1) cycled on four different occasions for 180 min at 50% Wmax during which they consumed a carbohydrate solution providing 1.8 g min-1 of glucose (GLU), 1.2 g min-1 glucose + 0.6 g min-1 fructose (GLU + FRU), 0.6 g min-1 glucose + 1.2 g min-1 sucrose (GLU + SUC), or water (WAT).	Carbohydrates	147-159	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	185-190
28230742-4	2017	Ten trained male cyclists (VO2peak: 65 +- 2 mL kg-1 min-1) cycled on four different occasions for 180 min at 50% Wmax during which they consumed a carbohydrate solution providing 1.8 g min-1 of glucose (GLU), 1.2 g min-1 glucose + 0.6 g min-1 fructose (GLU + FRU), 0.6 g min-1 glucose + 1.2 g min-1 sucrose (GLU + SUC), or water (WAT).	Carbohydrates	147-159	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	185-190
28230742-4	2017	Ten trained male cyclists (VO2peak: 65 +- 2 mL kg-1 min-1) cycled on four different occasions for 180 min at 50% Wmax during which they consumed a carbohydrate solution providing 1.8 g min-1 of glucose (GLU), 1.2 g min-1 glucose + 0.6 g min-1 fructose (GLU + FRU), 0.6 g min-1 glucose + 1.2 g min-1 sucrose (GLU + SUC), or water (WAT).	Carbohydrates	147-159	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	185-190
28230742-7	2017	We conclude that fructose co-ingestion (0.6 g min-1) with glucose (1.2 g min-1) provided either as a monosaccharide or as sucrose strongly increases exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates during prolonged exercise in trained cyclists.	Carbohydrates	159-171	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	73-78
27988010-2	2017	Pullulan as a linear carbohydrate has an intrinsic liver targeting property interacting with asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) found on liver cells.	Carbohydrates	21-33	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	93-120
27988010-2	2017	Pullulan as a linear carbohydrate has an intrinsic liver targeting property interacting with asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) found on liver cells.	Carbohydrates	21-33	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	122-127
27868450-7	2017	Although the cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors have shown harmful effects or lack of efficacy in completed clinical trials, the newer CETP inhibitors have promising effects on lipid profile and carbohydrate metabolism, but their effects on CVD risk and safety profile have not been assessed.	Carbohydrates	213-225	cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens	153-157
28011674-4	2017	These SNPs reside in a region on chromosome 6q13 comprising the genes small ARF GAP1 (SMAP1), an ARF6 guanosine triphosphatase-activating protein that functions in clathrin-dependent endocytosis, and beta-1,3-glucoronyltransferase 2 (B3GAT2), a member of the human natural killer 1 carbohydrate pathway.	Carbohydrates	282-294	ADP ribosylation factor GTPase activating protein 1	Homo sapiens	76-84
28011674-4	2017	These SNPs reside in a region on chromosome 6q13 comprising the genes small ARF GAP1 (SMAP1), an ARF6 guanosine triphosphatase-activating protein that functions in clathrin-dependent endocytosis, and beta-1,3-glucoronyltransferase 2 (B3GAT2), a member of the human natural killer 1 carbohydrate pathway.	Carbohydrates	282-294	small ArfGAP 1	Homo sapiens	86-91
28228715-7	2017	Insulin compared to placebo reduced breakfast size by around 110 kcal (1,054.43 +- 50.91 vs. 1,162.36 +- 64.69 kcal, p = 0.0095), in particular decreasing carbohydrate intake (502.70 +- 25.97 vs. 589.82 +- 35.03 kcal, p = 0.0080).	Carbohydrates	155-167	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
27919710-1	2017	Carbohydrate-response element-binding protein (ChREBP) has been identified as a transcription factor that binds to carbohydrate response element in the promoter of pyruvate kinase, liver and red blood cells.	Carbohydrates	115-127	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	0-45
27919710-1	2017	Carbohydrate-response element-binding protein (ChREBP) has been identified as a transcription factor that binds to carbohydrate response element in the promoter of pyruvate kinase, liver and red blood cells.	Carbohydrates	115-127	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	47-53
27858124-0	2017	Fluorescent adduct formation with terbium: a novel strategy for transferrin glycoform identification in human body fluids and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin HPLC method validation.	Carbohydrates	126-138	transferrin	Homo sapiens	149-160
27858124-2	2017	The key idea is to validate the analytical procedure for carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), a traditional biochemical serum marker to identify chronic alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	57-69	transferrin	Homo sapiens	80-91
27858124-12	2017	The HPLC method for carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT%) measurement was validated and employed to determine the levels in different body fluids.	Carbohydrates	20-32	transferrin	Homo sapiens	43-54
28025028-0	2017	IFCC approved HPLC reference measurement procedure for the alcohol consumption biomarker carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT): Its validation and use.	Carbohydrates	89-101	transferrin	Homo sapiens	112-123
28025028-1	2017	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is used as a biomarker of sustained high alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
27859859-6	2017	In DC-SIGNR from all primates, very stable repeat units predominate, so the carbohydrate-recognition domains must be held relatively closely together.	Carbohydrates	76-88	C-type lectin domain family 4 member M	Homo sapiens	3-11
27859859-8	2017	The presence of residues that disrupt tetramer formation in repeat units near the carbohydrate-recognition domains of DC-SIGN would allow these domains to splay further apart.	Carbohydrates	82-94	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	118-125
28138346-4	2017	The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of high carbohydrate diet (68%) on the expression of elongase (Elovl-2, Elovl-5, and Elovl-6) and desaturase ( 5D,  6D, Scd 1, Scd 2) genes and the activity of the enzymes.	Carbohydrates	59-71	ELOVL fatty acid elongase 6	Rattus norvegicus	136-143
28027934-4	2017	They are induced by insulin, which directly binds to the sterol regulatory elements (SRE) or carbohydrate-responsive elements (ChORE) of the FASN promoter to induce its expression.	Carbohydrates	93-105	insulin	Homo sapiens	20-27
28129403-3	2017	The catalytic domain of HCHT is connected to the carbohydrate binding module (CBM) through a flexible hinge region.	Carbohydrates	49-61	solute carrier family 5 member 7	Homo sapiens	24-28
28125599-8	2017	In conclusion, N-glycosylation is required for efficient NTCP localization at the plasma membrane and subsequent HBV infection and these characteristics are preserved in NTCP carrying a single carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	193-205	solute carrier family 10 member 1	Homo sapiens	57-61
28125599-8	2017	In conclusion, N-glycosylation is required for efficient NTCP localization at the plasma membrane and subsequent HBV infection and these characteristics are preserved in NTCP carrying a single carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	193-205	solute carrier family 10 member 1	Homo sapiens	170-174
28791994-9	2017	The intact skin biopsy specimens taken from 2 patients without carbohydrate metabolic disturbances displayed a weak EGFR expression in the basal cell layer of the epidermis.	Carbohydrates	63-75	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	116-120
27979367-4	2017	Our data conclude that the novel saccharide has immunostimulatory activity on mouse macrophages as indicated by the elevated levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in culture supernatants.	Carbohydrates	33-43	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	135-139
27979367-4	2017	Our data conclude that the novel saccharide has immunostimulatory activity on mouse macrophages as indicated by the elevated levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in culture supernatants.	Carbohydrates	33-43	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	144-153
28149202-10	2016	In particular, the altered abundance of kynureninase (KYNU) and HAL (histidine ammonia-lyase) involved in protein metabolic function, integrated with the changes of serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and glucose (GLU), suggest that overgrazing triggers a shift in energy resources from carbohydrates to proteins, causing poorer nitrogen utilization efficiency.	Carbohydrates	293-306	histidine ammonia-lyase	Ovis aries	64-67
27998920-0	2017	Relationship of Abnormal Chromatographic Pattern for Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin with Severe Liver Disease.	Carbohydrates	53-65	transferrin	Homo sapiens	76-87
27998920-1	2017	AIMS: Serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is a validated test for chronic heavy alcohol drinking, but CDT abnormalities have been associated with liver disease, limiting its use in these patients.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
28391275-1	2017	BACKGROUND/AIMS: Carbohydrate counting (CC) is a helpful strategy for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and the main parameters used in this method are the insulin to carbohydrate ratio (ICR) and the sensitivity factor (SF).	Carbohydrates	17-29	insulin	Homo sapiens	171-178
28391275-1	2017	BACKGROUND/AIMS: Carbohydrate counting (CC) is a helpful strategy for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and the main parameters used in this method are the insulin to carbohydrate ratio (ICR) and the sensitivity factor (SF).	Carbohydrates	182-194	insulin	Homo sapiens	171-178
28791994-1	2017	AIM: to study the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in patients with seborrheic keratomas (SK) and insulin resistance (type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2)) and in those without concomitant carbohydrate metabolic disturbances.	Carbohydrates	204-216	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	66-70
27908734-2	2017	Triosephosphate isomerase 1 (TPI1), which catalyzes the interconversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and d-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) during glycosis and gluconeogenesis, is a crucial enzyme in the carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	212-224	triosephosphate isomerase 1	Homo sapiens	0-27
27908734-2	2017	Triosephosphate isomerase 1 (TPI1), which catalyzes the interconversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and d-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) during glycosis and gluconeogenesis, is a crucial enzyme in the carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	212-224	triosephosphate isomerase 1	Homo sapiens	29-33
28008148-9	2017	Carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism was reduced in T2DM patients, which were associated with bacterial richness indices such as Chao1 and ACE.	Carbohydrates	0-12	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	141-144
28637949-0	2017	Comparative analysis of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC)-induced carbohydrate oxidation changes via TRPV1 between mice and chickens.	Carbohydrates	60-72	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Mus musculus	95-100
27797928-0	2017	Low-Carbohydrate Diet Impairs the Effect of Glucagon in the Treatment of Insulin-Induced Mild Hypoglycemia: A Randomized Crossover Study.	Carbohydrates	4-16	insulin	Homo sapiens	73-80
28752099-6	2017	Based on a motif discovery method performed by iRegulon, we identified for the first time that the transcription factor SPIB whose motif was enriched among the differentiated genes associated with carbohydrate metabolism may play an important role in liver regeneration for the first time.	Carbohydrates	197-209	Spi-B transcription factor	Rattus norvegicus	120-124
28812027-6	2017	The expression of intestinal SGLT3 and GLUT5 responsible for carbohydrates uptake and GPR120 and FABP2 associated with fatty acids transport were inhibited.	Carbohydrates	61-74	solute carrier family 2 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	39-44
28120721-6	2017	It is quite well established that progranulin contributes to insulin resistance and resulting deterioration of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	111-123	granulin precursor	Homo sapiens	34-45
28660991-3	2017	Carbohydrate disorders observed in endocrine diseases result from the phenomenon of insulin resistance, and in some cases also a reduction in insulin secretion is present.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	84-91
28190890-0	2017	C-Peptide, Baseline and Postprandial Insulin Resistance after a Carbohydrate-Rich Test Meal - Evidence for an Increased Insulin Clearance in PCOS Patients?	Carbohydrates	64-76	insulin	Homo sapiens	120-127
27878243-8	2017	Furthermore, the knockout of AKT1, AKT2 or both, resulted in a reduction in lactate and alanine, suggesting that the metabolism of carbohydrates and glutathione was impaired.	Carbohydrates	131-144	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	29-33
28249286-8	2017	Furthermore, FGF15/19 and FGF21 function to regulate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	53-65	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	26-31
29209367-9	2017	Additionally, the expression levels of adipokines that affect carbohydrate metabolism, such as FGF21, increased significantly in mature adipocytes induced from periaortic adipose tissue.	Carbohydrates	62-74	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	95-100
27742744-2	2017	In this study, we purified a fucose specific-lectin (IFL) from Fenneropenaeus indicus haemolymph using fucose-affinity column and characterized for its haemagglutination activity, carbohydrate specificity, dependency on cations and cytotoxicity against cancer cells.	Carbohydrates	180-192	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	53-56
28045432-3	2017	Recently, galectin-9, which has two distinct carbohydrate recognition domains connected by a linker peptide, was noted to induce apoptosis in thymocytes and immune cells.	Carbohydrates	45-57	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	10-20
28387666-0	2017	Increased Carbohydrate Intake is Associated with Poorer Performance in Verbal Memory and Attention in an APOE Genotype-Dependent Manner.	Carbohydrates	10-22	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	105-109
28387666-6	2017	These results provide support to the idea that decreasing carbohydrate intake may offer neurocognitive benefits, with specific cognitive domains affected in an APOE genotype-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	58-70	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	160-164
27390223-2	2017	For optimal insulin pump management, parents should enter a blood glucose result (SMBG) and a carbohydrate estimate (if food will be consumed) into the bolus advisor in their child"s pump to assist in delivering the recommended insulin bolus.	Carbohydrates	94-106	insulin	Homo sapiens	228-235
28502489-7	2017	RESULTS: Percentage of energy from carbohydrate was positively associated with elevated TG and low HDL-C but inversely associated with elevated TC and elevated LDL-C in both men and women.	Carbohydrates	35-47	component of oligomeric golgi complex 2	Homo sapiens	160-165
29387730-4	2017	Alternatively, restricting carbohydrate intake, independent of energy balance, following exercise provides an additive effect on peripheral insulin sensitivity when compared to refeeding carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	27-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	140-147
28494724-2	2017	It is well established that CLRs, such as Dectin-1, Dectin-2, Dectin-3 and Mincle recognize the cell wall component from the infected microorganisms by using their carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD).	Carbohydrates	164-176	C-type lectin domain family 4 member E	Homo sapiens	75-81
30802394-0	2017	[The analysis of level of total immunoglobulin E (IgE) in blood serum of patients with various types of disorders of carbohydrate metabolism and blood groups 0 (I), A (II) and B (III).]	Carbohydrates	117-129	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	32-48
30802394-0	2017	[The analysis of level of total immunoglobulin E (IgE) in blood serum of patients with various types of disorders of carbohydrate metabolism and blood groups 0 (I), A (II) and B (III).]	Carbohydrates	117-129	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	50-53
30802394-1	2017	The analysis was applied to indices of IgE-mediated immunological reaction (total IgE) in patients with disorders of carbohydrate metabolism and diabetes and different blood groups (AB0) (n=93).	Carbohydrates	117-129	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	39-42
30802394-1	2017	The analysis was applied to indices of IgE-mediated immunological reaction (total IgE) in patients with disorders of carbohydrate metabolism and diabetes and different blood groups (AB0) (n=93).	Carbohydrates	117-129	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	82-85
30802394-4	2017	In case of expressed disorder of carbohydrate metabolism patients with blood groups 0 (I) and A (II) had indices of total IgE 43,61+-15,12 i 86,2+-42,61 kIU/l correspondingly that in average is four times lower than indices of patients with blood group B (III) who in case of diabetes type II had total IgE increased twice relatively to upper limit of standard amounting to 209,65+-52,5 kIU/l.	Carbohydrates	33-45	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	122-125
30802394-4	2017	In case of expressed disorder of carbohydrate metabolism patients with blood groups 0 (I) and A (II) had indices of total IgE 43,61+-15,12 i 86,2+-42,61 kIU/l correspondingly that in average is four times lower than indices of patients with blood group B (III) who in case of diabetes type II had total IgE increased twice relatively to upper limit of standard amounting to 209,65+-52,5 kIU/l.	Carbohydrates	33-45	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	303-306
28417368-0	2017	Bioinspired Assemblies of Plant Cell Walls for Measuring Protein-Carbohydrate Interactions by FRAP.	Carbohydrates	65-77	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	94-98
28735404-5	2017	In this chapter, we describe the development and validation of a PGC-based liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MSn) method suitable for the target analysis of water-soluble carbohydrates, such as raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs).	Carbohydrates	188-201	moesin	Homo sapiens	126-129
29073303-1	2017	INTRODUCTION: In the recent years, alterations in the carbohydrate metabolism, including insulin resistance, are considered as risk factors in the development of hypertension and its complications in young age.	Carbohydrates	54-66	insulin	Homo sapiens	89-96
27653088-12	2017	As D9D expression increases with higher intake of saturated FA and carbohydrates, dietary changes may influence D9D activity and thus CRP.	Carbohydrates	67-80	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	134-137
29574469-4	2017	The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of glucose and insulin concentration reached in human carbohydrate metabolism disorders such as i.e. impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes state as well as averageand high degree hyperinsulinemia, on the survival of PC12 cell line.	Carbohydrates	106-118	insulin	Homo sapiens	67-74
28364451-11	2017	More SWS related to increased carbohydrate intake the following day (BL2, r = 0.32, p = .037).	Carbohydrates	30-42	cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	69-72
28082428-6	2017	Peak exogenous carbohydrate oxidation was lower at altitude (1.13 +- 0.2 g min-1) than sea level (1.42 +- 0.16 g min-1, P = 0.034, ES = 1.33).	Carbohydrates	15-27	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	75-80
28082428-6	2017	Peak exogenous carbohydrate oxidation was lower at altitude (1.13 +- 0.2 g min-1) than sea level (1.42 +- 0.16 g min-1, P = 0.034, ES = 1.33).	Carbohydrates	15-27	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	113-118
28535888-0	2017	Independence of carbohydrate-deficient isoforms of transferrin and cyclic citrullinated peptides in rheumatoid arthritis.	Carbohydrates	16-28	transferrin	Homo sapiens	51-62
28665380-10	2017	The beneficial therapeutic action of acupuncture and drinking mineral water is underlain by their impact on the mechanisms of resistance to insulin that manifests itself as a decrease of the fasting secretion of this hormone and optimization of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	245-257	insulin	Homo sapiens	140-147
29203734-2	2017	Activation of receptor PPAR-gamma regulates carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, immune and inflammatory responses in heart tissues.	Carbohydrates	44-56	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	23-33
27992582-4	2016	We compared the effects of diets with high complex carbohydrate, high fat, or a normal chow on ChREBP expression and metabolic parameters in C57BL/6 mice.	Carbohydrates	51-63	MLX interacting protein-like	Mus musculus	95-101
27992582-10	2016	Unexpectedly, mice fed a high carbohydrate diet displayed enhanced sensitivity to exogenous insulin, despite having mild glucose intolerance and increased liver steatosis.	Carbohydrates	30-42	insulin	Homo sapiens	92-99
27999311-6	2016	Each type of milk also showed its unique composition of free amino acids and free carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	82-95	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	13-17
27732771-14	2016	Conclusion The carbohydrate determinants expressed on VWF regulate susceptibility to proteolysis by ADAMTS-13.	Carbohydrates	15-27	a disintegrin-like and metallopeptidase (reprolysin type) with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 13	Mus musculus	100-109
27923067-0	2016	Chronological Lifespan in Yeast Is Dependent on the Accumulation of Storage Carbohydrates Mediated by Yak1, Mck1 and Rim15 Kinases.	Carbohydrates	76-89	serine/threonine/tyrosine protein kinase MCK1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	108-112
27923067-0	2016	Chronological Lifespan in Yeast Is Dependent on the Accumulation of Storage Carbohydrates Mediated by Yak1, Mck1 and Rim15 Kinases.	Carbohydrates	76-89	protein kinase RIM15	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	117-122
27923067-5	2016	The CLS of these signaling mutants, and those of the single, double and triple mutants of RIM15, YAK1 and MCK1 correlates well with the amount of storage carbohydrates but poorly with transition-phase cell cycle status.	Carbohydrates	154-167	protein kinase RIM15	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	90-95
27923067-5	2016	The CLS of these signaling mutants, and those of the single, double and triple mutants of RIM15, YAK1 and MCK1 correlates well with the amount of storage carbohydrates but poorly with transition-phase cell cycle status.	Carbohydrates	154-167	serine/threonine/tyrosine protein kinase MCK1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	106-110
27923067-8	2016	Furthermore, we reveal that the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species are cooperatively controlled by Yak1, Rim15 and Mck1, and the three kinases mediate the TOR1-regulated accumulation of storage carbohydrates and CLS extension.	Carbohydrates	207-220	protein kinase RIM15	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	118-123
27923067-8	2016	Furthermore, we reveal that the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species are cooperatively controlled by Yak1, Rim15 and Mck1, and the three kinases mediate the TOR1-regulated accumulation of storage carbohydrates and CLS extension.	Carbohydrates	207-220	serine/threonine/tyrosine protein kinase MCK1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	128-132
27841026-6	2016	Women with Hi-WC had higher IL-6 at rest and delayed increases in IL-6 after a high-carbohydrate meal in all conditions.	Carbohydrates	84-96	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	66-70
27841026-8	2016	However, both concentrically and eccentrically biased exercises offered benefits to insulin responses to a high carbohydrate meal for Hi-WC.	Carbohydrates	112-124	insulin	Homo sapiens	84-91
28123934-0	2017	Circulating FGF21 in humans is potently induced by short term overfeeding of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	77-90	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	12-17
27965593-1	2016	The Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is an ubiquitary cytosolic dimeric carbohydrate free molecule, belonging to a family of isoenzymes involved in the scavenger of superoxide anions.	Carbohydrates	73-85	superoxide dismutase 1, soluble	Mus musculus	32-36
27786414-5	2016	Herein we describe the synthesis of carbohydrate-based derivatization agents, glycolinker-drug conjugates featuring the tubulin inhibitor monomethyl auristatin E and an ADC based on an anti-EGFR antibody.	Carbohydrates	36-48	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	190-194
30198244-0	2016	[THE ROLE OF FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 21 (FGF21) IN THE REGULATION AND CORRECTION OF CARBOHYDRATE AND LIPID METABOLISM].	Carbohydrates	85-97	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	13-40
30198244-0	2016	[THE ROLE OF FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 21 (FGF21) IN THE REGULATION AND CORRECTION OF CARBOHYDRATE AND LIPID METABOLISM].	Carbohydrates	85-97	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	42-47
30198244-2	2016	Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an atypical member of the FGF family that functions as an endocrine hormone which regulates carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	131-143	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	0-27
30198244-2	2016	Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an atypical member of the FGF family that functions as an endocrine hormone which regulates carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	131-143	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	29-34
30198244-2	2016	Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an atypical member of the FGF family that functions as an endocrine hormone which regulates carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	131-143	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	29-32
28123934-4	2017	This raises the possibility that intake of a diet rich in carbohydrates may induce an increase in plasma FGF21 levels per se.	Carbohydrates	58-71	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	105-110
28123934-5	2017	Here we studied the role of dietary carbohydrates on the levels of circulating FGF21 and concomitant physiologic effects by feeding healthy men a carbohydrate rich diet without reducing protein intake.	Carbohydrates	36-49	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	79-84
28123934-5	2017	Here we studied the role of dietary carbohydrates on the levels of circulating FGF21 and concomitant physiologic effects by feeding healthy men a carbohydrate rich diet without reducing protein intake.	Carbohydrates	36-48	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	79-84
28123934-15	2017	CONCLUSION: Excess dietary carbohydrate, but not fat, led to markedly increased FGF21 secretion in humans, notably without protein restriction, and affected glucose and lipid homeostais.	Carbohydrates	27-39	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	80-85
27933186-0	2016	Effect of type and amount of dietary carbohydrate on biomarkers of glucose homeostasis and C reactive protein in overweight or obese adults: results from the OmniCarb trial.	Carbohydrates	37-49	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	91-109
27895819-10	2016	However, high-carbohydrate rich (CHO) diets increase postprandial peaks of insulin and glucose.	Carbohydrates	14-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	75-82
27669460-8	2016	Moreover, fructose activated ChREBP and induced G6pc in the absence of Foxo1a, indicating that carbohydrate-induced activation of ChREBP and G6PC dominates over the suppressive effects of insulin to enhance glucose production.	Carbohydrates	95-107	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	29-35
27248050-5	2016	Considering the beneficial effects of PPAR-alpha-FGF21 signaling on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, further investigations are required to clarify its potential therapeutic applications in human metabolic disorders.	Carbohydrates	68-80	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	49-54
27582035-8	2016	In response to high-fat/low-carbohydrate diet, reduced intake of sugars was associated with reduced insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	28-40	insulin	Homo sapiens	100-107
27455095-7	2016	On the other hand, CCl4 significantly decreased phosphorylase activity in the liver tissue and significantly increased carbohydrate intolerance and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR).	Carbohydrates	119-131	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	19-23
27581055-10	2016	A low-calorie, high-carbohydrate/low-fat diet was beneficial for overweight or obese individuals carrying the carbohydrate intake-decreasing allele of the FGF21 variant to improve body composition and abdominal obesity.	Carbohydrates	110-122	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	155-160
27137456-0	2016	Evaluation of the Effect of Carbohydrate Intake on Postprandial Glucose in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Treated With Insulin Pumps.	Carbohydrates	28-40	insulin	Homo sapiens	118-125
27942106-5	2016	Finally, an enhanced dynamic insulin-on-board algorithm is proposed to minimize the likelihood of controller-induced hypoglycemia following a rapid rise of blood glucose due to rescue carbohydrate load with accompanying insulin suspension.	Carbohydrates	184-196	insulin	Homo sapiens	29-36
28123937-8	2017	Using mice that lack FFAR2, we demonstrate that the fermentable carbohydrate inulin acts via this receptor to drive an 87% increase in the density of cells that produce the appetite-suppressing hormone peptide YY (PYY), reduce food intake, and prevent diet-induced obesity.	Carbohydrates	64-76	peptide YY	Mus musculus	202-212
28123937-8	2017	Using mice that lack FFAR2, we demonstrate that the fermentable carbohydrate inulin acts via this receptor to drive an 87% increase in the density of cells that produce the appetite-suppressing hormone peptide YY (PYY), reduce food intake, and prevent diet-induced obesity.	Carbohydrates	64-76	peptide YY	Mus musculus	214-217
27647878-3	2016	We asked in this pilot study what effects high-fat, low-carbohydrate "modified Atkins" diet (mAD) had for PEO/MM patients and control subjects and followed up the effects by clinical, morphological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses.	Carbohydrates	56-68	twinkle mtDNA helicase	Homo sapiens	106-109
27650665-0	2016	Assays of Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase and Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin Combination from Maternal Serum Improve the Detection of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure.	Carbohydrates	41-53	transferrin	Homo sapiens	64-75
27581055-10	2016	A low-calorie, high-carbohydrate/low-fat diet was beneficial for overweight or obese individuals carrying the carbohydrate intake-decreasing allele of the FGF21 variant to improve body composition and abdominal obesity.	Carbohydrates	20-32	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	155-160
27669460-10	2016	Together, these findings support a carbohydrate-mediated, ChREBP-driven mechanism that contributes to hepatic insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	35-47	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	58-64
27137456-9	2016	DISCUSSION: With appropriate training, patients using insulin pumps can accommodate a flexible diet with variable carbohydrate intake, without detriment to glycemic control.	Carbohydrates	114-126	insulin	Homo sapiens	54-61
27669460-8	2016	Moreover, fructose activated ChREBP and induced G6pc in the absence of Foxo1a, indicating that carbohydrate-induced activation of ChREBP and G6PC dominates over the suppressive effects of insulin to enhance glucose production.	Carbohydrates	95-107	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	130-136
27810969-5	2016	Furthermore, in starved flies, CrzR-knockdown increases circulating and stored carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	79-92	Corazonin receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	31-35
27195946-1	2016	Insulin is a peptide hormone that can regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids.	Carbohydrates	65-78	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
27798656-0	2016	Third Exposure to a Reduced Carbohydrate Meal Lowers Evening Postprandial Insulin and GIP Responses and HOMA-IR Estimate of Insulin Resistance.	Carbohydrates	28-40	insulin	Homo sapiens	74-81
27644243-5	2016	From 51 papers, we collected 98 HIF-1alpha TGs found to be associated with 20 pathways, including metabolism of carbohydrates and pathways in cancer.	Carbohydrates	112-125	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	32-42
26334252-2	2016	Glucose pellets with delayed release in the time of the maximum effect of insulin can not only prevent hypoglycemia but also eliminate the preventive carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	150-162	insulin	Homo sapiens	74-81
27798656-6	2016	RESULTS: The third low-carbohydrate meal, but not the high-carbohydrate meal, reduced: (1) evening insulin AUC by 39% without exercise and by 31% after exercise; (2) GIP AUC by 48% without exercise and by 45% after exercise, and (3) evening insulin resistance by 37% without exercise and by 24% after exercise.	Carbohydrates	23-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	99-106
27798656-6	2016	RESULTS: The third low-carbohydrate meal, but not the high-carbohydrate meal, reduced: (1) evening insulin AUC by 39% without exercise and by 31% after exercise; (2) GIP AUC by 48% without exercise and by 45% after exercise, and (3) evening insulin resistance by 37% without exercise and by 24% after exercise.	Carbohydrates	23-35	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	166-169
27798656-6	2016	RESULTS: The third low-carbohydrate meal, but not the high-carbohydrate meal, reduced: (1) evening insulin AUC by 39% without exercise and by 31% after exercise; (2) GIP AUC by 48% without exercise and by 45% after exercise, and (3) evening insulin resistance by 37% without exercise and by 24% after exercise.	Carbohydrates	23-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	241-248
27798656-9	2016	The parallel timing and magnitude of postprandial insulin and GIP changes suggest their dependence on a delayed intestinal adaptation to a low-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	143-155	insulin	Homo sapiens	50-57
27798656-9	2016	The parallel timing and magnitude of postprandial insulin and GIP changes suggest their dependence on a delayed intestinal adaptation to a low-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	143-155	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	62-65
27798656-0	2016	Third Exposure to a Reduced Carbohydrate Meal Lowers Evening Postprandial Insulin and GIP Responses and HOMA-IR Estimate of Insulin Resistance.	Carbohydrates	28-40	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	86-89
27798656-0	2016	Third Exposure to a Reduced Carbohydrate Meal Lowers Evening Postprandial Insulin and GIP Responses and HOMA-IR Estimate of Insulin Resistance.	Carbohydrates	28-40	insulin	Homo sapiens	124-131
27798656-3	2016	We hypothesized the involvement of dietary carbohydrate load, especially when timed after exercise, and mediation by the glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) in this phenomenon, as this incretin promotes insulin secretion after carbohydrate intake in insulin-sensitive, but not in insulin-resistant states.	Carbohydrates	238-250	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	121-161
27798656-3	2016	We hypothesized the involvement of dietary carbohydrate load, especially when timed after exercise, and mediation by the glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) in this phenomenon, as this incretin promotes insulin secretion after carbohydrate intake in insulin-sensitive, but not in insulin-resistant states.	Carbohydrates	238-250	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	163-166
27798656-3	2016	We hypothesized the involvement of dietary carbohydrate load, especially when timed after exercise, and mediation by the glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) in this phenomenon, as this incretin promotes insulin secretion after carbohydrate intake in insulin-sensitive, but not in insulin-resistant states.	Carbohydrates	238-250	insulin	Homo sapiens	139-146
27790218-1	2016	The C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) Mincle, Mcl, and Dectin-2 bind mycobacterial and fungal cell wall glycolipids and carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	117-130	C-type lectin domain family 4, member n	Mus musculus	52-60
27527001-7	2016	SHBG in LP was positively associated with craving sweet and carbohydrate rich foods.	Carbohydrates	60-72	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	0-4
26974144-0	2016	Long-term stability of serum samples positive for carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) routinely stored at -20  C.	Carbohydrates	50-62	transferrin	Homo sapiens	73-84
26773826-3	2016	Bolus wizard settings were used to calculate the insulin to carbohydrate factors and insulin sensitivity factors.	Carbohydrates	60-72	insulin	Homo sapiens	49-56
26773826-5	2016	RESULTS: Insulin to carbohydrate factor varied from 276 in the youngest group to 424 in the oldest group, and increased according to age.	Carbohydrates	20-32	insulin	Homo sapiens	9-16
27621420-5	2016	In addition, PTX3 increased IgM and IgG production after infection with blood-borne encapsulated bacteria or immunization with bacterial carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	137-150	pentraxin 3	Homo sapiens	13-17
27145293-0	2016	Use of finger-prick dried blood spots (fpDBS) and capillary electrophoresis for carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) screening in forensic toxicology.	Carbohydrates	80-92	transferrin	Homo sapiens	103-114
27145293-2	2016	The application of finger-prick and related dried blood spots (fpDBS) for carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) detection appears suitable for this aim.	Carbohydrates	74-86	transferrin	Homo sapiens	97-108
27845280-2	2016	The aim of the work was to determine the vaspin concentration depending on the presence of obesity in patients of the young age with arterial hypertension and the study of its relationship with carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	194-206	serpin family A member 12	Homo sapiens	41-47
27163745-6	2016	APOE4 mice also demonstrated a reduced respiratory quotient during the postprandial period (0.95+-0.03 versus 1.06+-0.03, P&lt;0.001), indicating increased usage of lipids as opposed to carbohydrates as a fuel source.	Carbohydrates	186-199	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	0-5
25786515-2	2016	Late-night carbohydrate consumption may be particularly detrimental during late pregnancy because insulin sensitivity declines as pregnancy progresses.	Carbohydrates	11-23	insulin	Homo sapiens	98-105
27612524-4	2016	Among the maple syrup polysaccharides, one neutral polysaccharide was characterized as inulin with a broad molecular weight distribution, representing the first isolation of this prebiotic carbohydrate from a xylem sap.	Carbohydrates	189-201	SH2 domain containing 1A	Homo sapiens	215-218
26902214-0	2016	Contribution of Lewis X Carbohydrate Structure to Neuropathogenic Murine Coronaviral Spread.	Carbohydrates	24-36	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	16-23
26902214-1	2016	Although Lewis X (Le(x)), a carbohydrate structure, is involved in innate immunity through cell-to-cell and pathogen recognition, its expression has not been observed in mouse monocytes/macrophages (Mo/Mas).	Carbohydrates	28-40	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	9-16
27356186-5	2016	The most potent galectin-3 antagonist was demonstrated to act in an assay monitoring galectin-3 accumulation upon amitriptyline-induced vesicle damage, visualizing a biochemically/medically relevant intracellular lectin-carbohydrate binding event and that it can be blocked by a small molecule.	Carbohydrates	220-232	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	16-26
27581941-2	2016	Galectin-9 is a unique member of this family, with two non-homologous carbohydrate recognition domains joined by a linker peptide sequence of variable lengths, generating isoforms with distinct properties and functions in both physiological and pathological settings, such as during development, immune reaction, neoplastic transformations and metastasis.	Carbohydrates	70-82	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	0-10
27668645-2	2016	The main function of somatotropin is stimulation of linear growth, but it also affects carbohydrate metabolism, increases bone mass and has potent lipolytic, antinatriuretic and antidiuretic effects.	Carbohydrates	87-99	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	21-33
27457238-3	2016	In addition, currently used formulas for calculating the carbohydrate-to-insulin ratio (CIR) and correction factor (CF) may lead to underdosing of bolus insulin by as much as 12.8-50 % for a hypothetical patient.	Carbohydrates	57-69	insulin	Homo sapiens	73-80
32263860-3	2016	Through this study we examined how the structural design of amphiphilic carbohydrate-based Zn(ii)Pcs affects their photophysical properties, binding affinity to human serum albumin (HSA) and photodynamic activity against human cancer melanoma cells.	Carbohydrates	72-84	albumin	Homo sapiens	167-180
27379793-1	2016	PURPOSE: This investigation examined if a high carbohydrate (CHO) diet, maintained across a seven-day training period, could attenuate post-exercise interleukin-6 (IL-6) and serum hepcidin levels.	Carbohydrates	47-59	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	149-162
27379793-1	2016	PURPOSE: This investigation examined if a high carbohydrate (CHO) diet, maintained across a seven-day training period, could attenuate post-exercise interleukin-6 (IL-6) and serum hepcidin levels.	Carbohydrates	47-59	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	164-168
27493197-1	2016	The capacity to match carbohydrate (CHO) utilization with availability is impaired in insulin-resistant, obese adults at rest.	Carbohydrates	22-34	insulin	Homo sapiens	86-93
27493197-2	2016	Understanding exogenous carbohydrate (CHOexo) oxidation during exercise and its association to insulin resistance (IR) is important, especially in children at risk for type 2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	24-36	insulin	Homo sapiens	95-102
27185461-5	2016	We demonstrate that expression and activity of liver FAS correlate with O-GlcNAcylation contents in ob/ob mice and in mice fed with a high-carbohydrate diet both in a transcription-dependent and -independent manner.	Carbohydrates	139-151	fatty acid synthase	Mus musculus	53-56
26500068-0	2016	Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin Determination in a Clinical Setting: Consistency Between Capillary Electrophoresis Assays and Utility of HPLC as a Confirmatory Test.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
26500068-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is used to assess chronic alcohol consumption in administrative and forensic context.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
27584019-12	2016	CONCLUSIONS: In overweight and obese men, weight loss with both high protein and carbohydrate diets improve testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin and overall sexual function.	Carbohydrates	81-93	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	122-150
27466601-0	2016	PPARalpha Downregulates Hepatic Glutaminase Expression in Mice Fed Diets with Different Protein:Carbohydrate Ratios.	Carbohydrates	96-108	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	0-9
26928090-2	2016	Insulin signaling within the brain, in particular within the hypothalamus regulates carbohydrate, lipid, and branched chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism in peripheral organs such as the liver and adipose tissue.	Carbohydrates	84-96	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
27517953-5	2016	However, in addition to weight loss, a diet that is reduced in carbohydrates may optimize improvements in other type 2 diabetes risk factors, including insulin resistance and hyperglycemia.	Carbohydrates	63-76	insulin	Homo sapiens	152-159
27221205-0	2016	Standardisation and use of the alcohol biomarker carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT).	Carbohydrates	49-61	transferrin	Homo sapiens	72-83
27221205-1	2016	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is a glycoform profile of serum transferrin that increases in response to sustained high alcohol intake and over the last decades has become an important alcohol biomarker with clinical and forensic applications.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
27221205-1	2016	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is a glycoform profile of serum transferrin that increases in response to sustained high alcohol intake and over the last decades has become an important alcohol biomarker with clinical and forensic applications.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	73-84
27267712-11	2016	Together, these results show that an acutely increased central availability of NPY results in a shift of metabolism towards lipid storage and an increased use of carbohydrates, while at the same time increasing activity, EE, and body temperature.	Carbohydrates	162-175	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
27364378-1	2016	BACKGROUND: In Belgium, the analysis of indirect biomarkers such as carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT%), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV), is currently used to monitor the alcohol consumption in cases of fitness to drive assessment.	Carbohydrates	68-80	transferrin	Homo sapiens	91-102
27084258-2	2016	The biological activity of ESAs is mainly regulated by the number of sialic acid-containing carbohydrates on the erythropoietin (EPO) peptide.	Carbohydrates	92-105	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	113-127
27084258-2	2016	The biological activity of ESAs is mainly regulated by the number of sialic acid-containing carbohydrates on the erythropoietin (EPO) peptide.	Carbohydrates	92-105	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	129-132
27270475-1	2016	CONTEXT: Bile acids regulate lipid and carbohydrate metabolism by interaction with membrane or intracellular proteins including the nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR).	Carbohydrates	39-51	xenotropic and polytropic retrovirus receptor 1	Homo sapiens	150-160
27434027-9	2016	Replacing carbohydrate with MUFA lowered HbA1c (-0.09%; -0.12, -0.05; n = 23), 2 h post-challenge insulin (-20.3 pmol/L; -32.2, -8.4; n = 11), and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (-2.4%; -4.6, -0.3; n = 30).	Carbohydrates	10-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	98-105
27216868-0	2016	New [(eta(5)-C5H5)Ru(N-N)(PPh3)][PF6] compounds: colon anticancer activity and GLUT-mediated cellular uptake of carbohydrate-appended complexes.	Carbohydrates	112-124	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	26-30
27453176-4	2016	Interestingly, the results from dual-color dSTORM imaging indicate that these carbohydrate clusters are prone to connect with one another and eventually form conjoined platforms where different functional glycoproteins aggregate (e.g., epidermal growth factor receptor, (EGFR) and band 3 protein).	Carbohydrates	78-90	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	271-275
27434027-9	2016	Replacing carbohydrate with MUFA lowered HbA1c (-0.09%; -0.12, -0.05; n = 23), 2 h post-challenge insulin (-20.3 pmol/L; -32.2, -8.4; n = 11), and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (-2.4%; -4.6, -0.3; n = 30).	Carbohydrates	10-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	180-187
27434027-10	2016	Replacing carbohydrate with PUFA significantly lowered HbA1c (-0.11%; -0.17, -0.05) and fasting insulin (-1.6 pmol/L; -2.8, -0.4).	Carbohydrates	10-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	96-103
27621531-1	2016	In Brief This study investigates carbohydrate counting accuracy in patients using insulin through a multiple daily injection regimen or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion.	Carbohydrates	33-45	insulin	Homo sapiens	82-89
27563425-0	2016	Inhibitory Effects of Some Carbohydrates on Nano-Globular Aggregation of both Normal and Glycated Albumin.	Carbohydrates	27-40	albumin	Homo sapiens	98-105
27003373-1	2016	INTRODUCTION: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is the most reliable indicator for the detection of chronic alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	14-26	transferrin	Homo sapiens	37-48
27220524-4	2016	The site-directed modification via the carbohydrate chains exhibited the best performance in terms of analyte response using a model system for the detection of the stroke marker neuron-specific enolase.	Carbohydrates	39-51	enolase 2	Homo sapiens	179-202
27621531-1	2016	In Brief This study investigates carbohydrate counting accuracy in patients using insulin through a multiple daily injection regimen or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion.	Carbohydrates	33-45	insulin	Homo sapiens	160-167
27149986-1	2016	Chemerin, a chemokine, plays important roles in immune responses, inflammation, adipogenesis, and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	98-110	retinoic acid receptor responder (tazarotene induced) 2	Mus musculus	0-8
27318658-4	2016	FGF21 has received particular attention because of its key role in carbohydrate, lipids, and energy balance regulation.	Carbohydrates	67-79	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	0-5
27328819-8	2016	mTOR-independent autophagy induction was also observed in HaCaT and HeLa cells treated with sucrose or raffinose but not in glucose, maltose or sorbitol treated HaCaT cells, indicating that autophagy induction was not a general property of saccharides.	Carbohydrates	240-251	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	0-4
27513491-8	2016	There was a significant association between adiponectin concentrations with the healthy eating index, calories, lipids, proteins, fibers, riboflavin, and phosphorus, among others; and a tendency with carbohydrates and niacin.	Carbohydrates	200-213	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	44-55
27513491-9	2016	In multiple linear regression analysis, fiber and riboflavin (r2 = 0.0928; p = 0.0013) and carbohydrates and phosphorus were associated with the concentrations of adiponectin.	Carbohydrates	91-104	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	163-174
27327080-10	2016	Together, this provides evidence that skeletal muscle IL-6 contributes to the regulation of PDH at rest and during prolonged exercise and suggests that muscle IL-6 normally dampens carbohydrate utilization during prolonged exercise via effects on PDH.	Carbohydrates	181-193	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	159-163
27253379-2	2016	Based on our recent finding that the host factor p21 regulates HIV transcription during antiretroviral therapy (ART), and published data demonstrating that the human carbohydrate-binding immunomodulatory protein galectin-9 regulates p21, we hypothesized that galectin-9 modulates HIV transcription.	Carbohydrates	166-178	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	212-222
27253379-2	2016	Based on our recent finding that the host factor p21 regulates HIV transcription during antiretroviral therapy (ART), and published data demonstrating that the human carbohydrate-binding immunomodulatory protein galectin-9 regulates p21, we hypothesized that galectin-9 modulates HIV transcription.	Carbohydrates	166-178	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	259-269
29737667-0	2016	Consumption effect of a formula with extended release carbohydrates on the glycemic response and post prandial insulin in healthy individuals.	Carbohydrates	54-67	insulin	Homo sapiens	111-118
27012770-5	2016	SGLT1 activity is highly dynamic, with modulation by multiple mechanisms to ensure maximal uptake of carbohydrates (CHOs).	Carbohydrates	101-114	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
27028951-0	2016	A Study of the Carbohydrate-to-Insulin Ratio in Pregnant Women with Type 1 Diabetes on Pump Treatment.	Carbohydrates	15-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	31-38
27038809-4	2016	Certain populations, such as those with insulin resistance, may find reductions in carbohydrate and higher levels of unsaturated fats to be more effective and promote greater adherence.	Carbohydrates	83-95	insulin	Homo sapiens	40-47
27028951-1	2016	AIM: The aim of this study was to assess carbohydrate (CHO)-to-insulin ratio (CHO/IR) values in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes and to describe differences in CHO/IR across each week of pregnancy.	Carbohydrates	41-53	insulin	Homo sapiens	63-70
27321315-0	2016	Low-carbohydrate diet combined with SGLT2 inhibitor for refractory hyperglycemia caused by insulin antibodies.	Carbohydrates	4-16	insulin	Homo sapiens	91-98
27048250-2	2016	These parallel requirements are met by coordinated control of carbohydrate and lipid fluxes into and out of the Krebs cycle, which is highly tuned to nutrient availability and heavily regulated by insulin and glucagon.	Carbohydrates	62-74	insulin	Homo sapiens	197-204
26303195-7	2016	Increasing carbohydrates intake from &lt;45 to &gt;=60 % is associated with significantly lower triglycerides, HbA1c and CRP (p &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	11-24	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	111-124
27321348-1	2016	OBJECTIVE: Insulin dose self-adjustment (ISA) to different blood glucose levels, carbohydrate intake, exercise or illness is a core element of structured education programmes for people with diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1).	Carbohydrates	81-93	insulin	Homo sapiens	11-18
27321315-1	2016	A low-carbohydrate diet is effective to improve hyperglycemia via insulin-independent actions.	Carbohydrates	6-18	insulin	Homo sapiens	66-73
27321315-2	2016	We report here that a low-carbohydrate diet combined with an SGLT2 inhibitor was effective and safe to treat refractory hyperglycemia in the perioperative period in a type 2 diabetes patient complicated with a high titer of insulin antibodies.	Carbohydrates	26-38	insulin	Homo sapiens	224-231
27189368-2	2016	Gca1p was identified in beta-mercaptoethanol extracts from isolated cell walls of strain C. albicans SC5314 and it is involved in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	130-142	Gca1p	Candida albicans SC5314	0-5
26935926-0	2016	p53 determines prognostic significance of the carbohydrate stem cell marker TF1 (CD176) in ovarian cancer.	Carbohydrates	46-58	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	0-3
26259979-3	2016	It is known that growth hormone (GH) has profound effects on carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	61-73	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	17-31
26259979-3	2016	It is known that growth hormone (GH) has profound effects on carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	61-73	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	33-35
26992789-8	2016	Conversion data attained after 48h hydrolysis were first fitted with models to determine the maximum fractions of carbohydrate hydrolyzable by each enzyme group, i.e., cellulase, xylanase, pectinase and alpha-galactosidase.	Carbohydrates	114-126	alpha galactosidase	Glycine max	203-222
26984404-1	2016	The carbohydrate-response element-binding protein (ChREBP) is a glucose-responsive transcription factor that plays an essential role in converting excess carbohydrate to fat storage in the liver.	Carbohydrates	4-16	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	51-57
26943047-2	2016	Although its mechanism of action remains unclear, triggering of the extracellular C-terminal C-type carbohydrate recognition region of CLEC4C regulates the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and type I IFNs in PDCs.	Carbohydrates	100-112	C-type lectin domain family 4 member C	Homo sapiens	135-141
28191525-3	2016	Bile acids stimulate glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) production in the distal small bowel and colon, stimulating insulin secretion, and therefore, are involved in carbohydrate and fat metabolism.	Carbohydrates	162-174	glucagon	Homo sapiens	21-44
28191525-3	2016	Bile acids stimulate glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) production in the distal small bowel and colon, stimulating insulin secretion, and therefore, are involved in carbohydrate and fat metabolism.	Carbohydrates	162-174	glucagon	Homo sapiens	46-50
27197753-1	2016	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a critical regulator of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, adipocyte differentiation and inflammatory response.	Carbohydrates	88-100	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-48
27197753-1	2016	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a critical regulator of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, adipocyte differentiation and inflammatory response.	Carbohydrates	88-100	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	50-59
27184288-10	2016	Partially substituting UFA for carbohydrate has been associated with improved insulin sensitivity, lipoprotein lipids, and blood pressure.	Carbohydrates	31-43	insulin	Homo sapiens	78-85
27118870-1	2016	Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an endocrine hormone that regulates carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	75-87	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	0-27
27118870-1	2016	Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an endocrine hormone that regulates carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	75-87	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	29-34
26851349-0	2016	Hair ethyl glucuronide and serum carbohydrate deficient transferrin for the assessment of relapse in alcohol-dependent patients.	Carbohydrates	33-45	transferrin	Homo sapiens	56-67
26851349-1	2016	OBJECTIVES: Ethyl glucuronide in hair (hEtG) and serum carbohydrate deficient transferrin (%CDT) are valuable markers for alcohol abuse, but their diagnostic accuracy to monitor abstinence and relapse is unclear.	Carbohydrates	55-67	transferrin	Homo sapiens	78-89
27148587-2	2016	Patients presented with carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, tall stature, obesity, macrocephaly, and maloccluded teeth.	Carbohydrates	24-36	transferrin	Homo sapiens	47-58
27182176-2	2016	However, there is evidence that a balanced liberalization of complex carbohydrate as part of an overall eating plan in GDM meets treatment goals and may mitigate maternal adipose tissue insulin resistance, both of which may promote optimal metabolic outcomes for mother and offspring.	Carbohydrates	69-81	insulin	Homo sapiens	186-193
26992789-10	2016	The models showed high fidelity in predicting soy carbohydrate hydrolysis over broad ranges of soy flour loading (5-25%) and enzyme activities: per g soy flour, cellulase, 0.04-30 FPU; xylanase, 3.5-618U; pectinase, 0.03-120U; and alpha-galactosidase, 0.01-60U.	Carbohydrates	50-62	alpha galactosidase	Glycine max	231-250
26858253-5	2016	Human TXNIP promoter analyses and chromatin immunoprecipitation studies revealed that the IL-1beta effect was mediated by inhibition of carbohydrate response element binding protein activity.	Carbohydrates	136-148	thioredoxin interacting protein	Homo sapiens	6-11
27249798-6	2016	We further show that ChREBP is regulated by a carbohydrate diet in termite queens.	Carbohydrates	46-58	MLX interacting protein-like	Mus musculus	21-27
27255074-5	2016	RESULTS: Levels of the Apo B were inversely associated with dietary GI, GL, and the amount of carbohydrate intake for men, but these relationships were not significant when fat-adjusted values of the carbohydrate indices were used.	Carbohydrates	94-106	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	23-28
27255074-5	2016	RESULTS: Levels of the Apo B were inversely associated with dietary GI, GL, and the amount of carbohydrate intake for men, but these relationships were not significant when fat-adjusted values of the carbohydrate indices were used.	Carbohydrates	200-212	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	23-28
27226903-3	2016	Hyperglycaemia, mainly caused by insulin resistance, affects the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins and can lead to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which can further progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis and, finally, hepatocellular carcinomas.	Carbohydrates	87-100	insulin	Homo sapiens	33-40
27186470-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Carbohydrate ingestion during exercise is known to attenuate exercise-induced elevation of plasma IL-6 concentration.	Carbohydrates	12-24	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	110-114
27087980-4	2016	RESULTS: Preoperative oral or intravenous administration of carbohydrate containing fluids has been shown to improve postoperative well-being and muscular strength and to reduce insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	60-72	insulin	Homo sapiens	178-185
26858253-5	2016	Human TXNIP promoter analyses and chromatin immunoprecipitation studies revealed that the IL-1beta effect was mediated by inhibition of carbohydrate response element binding protein activity.	Carbohydrates	136-148	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	90-98
26967715-6	2016	The result is overdrive of those pathways that remain insulin-responsive, particularly ERK activation and hepatic de-novo lipogenesis (DNL), while carbohydrate regulation deteriorates.	Carbohydrates	147-159	insulin	Homo sapiens	54-61
27071648-15	2016	Fat, carbohydrate proportions were positively associated with TNF-alpha (fat: r = 0.119, p = 0.008 ; carbohydrate: r = 0.094, p = 0.043).	Carbohydrates	5-17	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	62-71
27071648-15	2016	Fat, carbohydrate proportions were positively associated with TNF-alpha (fat: r = 0.119, p = 0.008 ; carbohydrate: r = 0.094, p = 0.043).	Carbohydrates	101-113	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	62-71
27186352-0	2016	Carbohydrate-induced secretion of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1.	Carbohydrates	0-12	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Mus musculus	34-78
27079343-11	2016	A reduced energy intake for persons with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes and matching insulin to planned carbohydrate intake for insulin users is nutrition therapy interventions shown to be effective in achieving glycemic and other metabolic outcomes.	Carbohydrates	104-116	insulin	Homo sapiens	128-135
26872089-1	2016	Consumption of a diet high in fat and refined carbohydrates (Western diet [WD]) is associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD).	Carbohydrates	46-59	insulin	Homo sapiens	111-118
26762386-4	2016	An amino-acid polymorphism located in the carbohydrate-recognition domain, leucine to serine at position 138 (L138S), which occurred exclusively in Japanese wild boars at low frequency, significantly increased NF-kappaB induction but not caspase-8 activity after stimulation with zymosan.	Carbohydrates	42-54	caspase 8	Sus scrofa	238-247
26775180-0	2016	Changes in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism under mTOR- and calcineurin-based immunosuppressive regimen in adult patients after liver transplantation.	Carbohydrates	21-33	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	51-55
26773038-3	2016	Glycosylation at N1574 has previously been suggested to modulate VWF A2 domain interaction with ADAMTS13 through steric hindrance by the bulky carbohydrate structure.	Carbohydrates	143-155	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	65-68
27356254-2	2016	The metabolism of carbohydrate requires by far the highest secretion of insulin.	Carbohydrates	18-30	insulin	Homo sapiens	72-79
27356254-5	2016	In individuals dependent on insulin and other hypoglycaemic medication, the difficulty of matching higher intakes of carbohydrates with the higher doses of medication required to maintain euglycaemia increases the risk of adverse events, including potentially fatal hypoglycaemic episodes.	Carbohydrates	117-130	insulin	Homo sapiens	28-35
27001281-9	2016	A lower carbohydrate and higher fat and protein content provides greater satiety and attenuation of C-peptide, glucose, insulin, and GIP responses compared with the reference breakfast but does not affect adipokines, ghrelin, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1.	Carbohydrates	8-20	insulin	Homo sapiens	100-109
27001281-9	2016	A lower carbohydrate and higher fat and protein content provides greater satiety and attenuation of C-peptide, glucose, insulin, and GIP responses compared with the reference breakfast but does not affect adipokines, ghrelin, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1.	Carbohydrates	8-20	insulin	Homo sapiens	120-127
27001281-9	2016	A lower carbohydrate and higher fat and protein content provides greater satiety and attenuation of C-peptide, glucose, insulin, and GIP responses compared with the reference breakfast but does not affect adipokines, ghrelin, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1.	Carbohydrates	8-20	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	133-136
26802354-9	2016	The exposure to vanadium and PAHs may cause a reduction in the levels of amino acids and carbohydrates by elevating PPAR and insulin signaling, as well as oxidative/nitrosative stress.	Carbohydrates	89-102	insulin	Homo sapiens	125-132
26833026-3	2016	Mice lacking Lpcat3 in the intestine thrive on carbohydrate-based chow but lose body weight rapidly and become moribund on a triglyceride-rich diet.	Carbohydrates	47-59	lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3	Mus musculus	13-19
26676362-1	2016	Helenius and colleagues proposed over 20-years ago a paradigm-shifting model for how chaperone binding in the endoplasmic reticulum was mediated and controlled for a new type of molecular chaperone- the carbohydrate-binding chaperones, calnexin and calreticulin.	Carbohydrates	203-215	calreticulin	Homo sapiens	249-261
26996208-1	2016	Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a carbohydrate binding lectin, with multiple roles in inflammatory diseases and autoimmunity including its antiapoptotic effect on epithelial cells.	Carbohydrates	24-36	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	0-17
26985831-8	2016	These glycans on the pili are recognized by human dendritic cells via the C-type lectin receptor DC-SIGN, a key carbohydrate-dependent immune tailoring pattern recognition receptor.	Carbohydrates	112-124	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	97-104
26708478-5	2016	This could indicate its possible regulatory role not only towards transketolase, but also towards the pentose phosphate pathway of carbohydrate metabolism overall, taking into account the fact that it inhibits not only transketolase but also another enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway--glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase [Eggleston L.V., Krebs H.A.	Carbohydrates	131-143	transketolase	Homo sapiens	66-79
26333807-1	2016	AIMS: Elevated Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) levels are used as a biomarker in order to screen for chronic alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	15-27	transferrin	Homo sapiens	38-49
26708478-5	2016	This could indicate its possible regulatory role not only towards transketolase, but also towards the pentose phosphate pathway of carbohydrate metabolism overall, taking into account the fact that it inhibits not only transketolase but also another enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway--glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase [Eggleston L.V., Krebs H.A.	Carbohydrates	131-143	transketolase	Homo sapiens	219-232
26855498-0	2016	Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin and Interleukin-6 as Predictors of Fibrosis in Alcohol Cirrhosis.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
26931369-6	2016	There was a positive correlation between post-chemotherapy CRP and IL-6 levels (r=0.45, P=0.005) and between CRP with carbohydrate antigen-19-9 (CA19-9) levels at baseline (r=0.45, P=0.015) and post treatment (r=0.40, P=0.015).	Carbohydrates	118-130	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	109-112
26724216-1	2016	Polysialic acid (PSA), a carbohydrate polymer associated with the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), plays an important role in the migration, differentiation and maturation of neuroblasts.	Carbohydrates	25-37	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	97-101
26907638-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Carbohydrate estimation and bolus calculation are two important skills for handling intensive insulin therapy and effectively using bolus calculators.	Carbohydrates	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	106-113
26855498-2	2016	Previous studies have hypothesized that carbohydrate deficient transferrin can be used as marker of liver impairment in alcoholic liver disease patients.	Carbohydrates	40-52	transferrin	Homo sapiens	63-74
26855498-3	2016	The present study was designed to assess whether carbohydrate deficient transferrin is associated with procollagen III peptide and predict fibrosis in alcohol cirrhosis patients.	Carbohydrates	49-61	transferrin	Homo sapiens	72-83
26855498-7	2016	Stepwise regression analysis showed that carbohydrate deficient transferrin (adjusted R(2) = 0.313, beta = 0.362, p = 0.003) and interleukin-6 (adjusted R(2) = 0.194, beta = 0.459, p = 0.001) were positively associated with procollagen III peptide when age, duration and amount of alcohol consumption were considered as covariates.	Carbohydrates	41-53	transferrin	Homo sapiens	64-75
26855498-8	2016	We conclude that elevated carbohydrate deficient transferrin and interleukin-6 act as predictors of fibrosis in alcoholic cirrhosis.	Carbohydrates	26-38	transferrin	Homo sapiens	49-60
26880535-1	2016	AIMS: Galectin-1 (GAL1) is an important member of the lectin family with a carbohydrate recognition domain and has recently been demonstrated to be involved in adipose metabolism.	Carbohydrates	75-87	galectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	6-16
26791555-8	2016	The glucose concentration was suppressed and glucagon-like peptide 1 increased more after intake of the high-protein (40%)/0.4 carbohydrate:fat preload than after the other preloads (P &lt; 0.001).	Carbohydrates	127-139	glucagon	Homo sapiens	45-68
26781764-0	2016	A Low-Protein, High-Carbohydrate Diet Stimulates Thermogenesis in the Brown Adipose Tissue of Rats via ATF-2.	Carbohydrates	20-32	activating transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	103-108
26471343-3	2016	Here we hypothesized that lipase deficiency might impact on insulin sensitivity and metabolic homeostasis in adipocytes not just by enhancing lipid accumulation, but also by altering lipid and carbohydrate catabolism in a peroxisome proliferator-activated nuclear receptor (PPAR)-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	193-205	insulin	Homo sapiens	60-67
26630690-3	2016	The type of dietary carbohydrates, glycemic index, protein, fat and micronutrient content in maternal nutrition could influence insulin sensitivity in the newborn.	Carbohydrates	20-33	insulin	Homo sapiens	128-135
26931208-3	2016	Recent reports have expanded the effects of FGF15/19 and FGF21 on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	66-78	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	57-62
26880535-1	2016	AIMS: Galectin-1 (GAL1) is an important member of the lectin family with a carbohydrate recognition domain and has recently been demonstrated to be involved in adipose metabolism.	Carbohydrates	75-87	galectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-22
26429068-0	2016	Postprandial profiles of CCK after high fat and high carbohydrate meals and the relationship to satiety in humans.	Carbohydrates	53-65	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	25-28
26706026-13	2016	Low-carbohydrate diets were able to decrease insulin (SMD: -0.33; 95% CI: -0.63 to -0.03; P = 0.03).	Carbohydrates	4-16	insulin	Homo sapiens	45-52
26706026-15	2016	Furthermore, low-carbohydrate diets have beneficial effects on insulin and body weight.	Carbohydrates	17-29	insulin	Homo sapiens	63-70
26997622-10	2016	Our data show that combined pharmacological activation of AMPK and PPARdelta potentiates endurance in trained mice by transcriptional changes in muscle and liver, increased available energy substrates, delayed hypoglycemia through glycogen sparing accompanied by increased NEFA availability, and improved substrate shift from carbohydrate to fat.	Carbohydrates	326-338	peroxisome proliferator activator receptor delta	Mus musculus	67-76
25392235-6	2016	A highly complicated network of modified regulatory mechanisms may primarily affect carbohydrate metabolism by promoting autoimmune reactions to pancreatic beta cells and affecting insulin function.	Carbohydrates	84-96	insulin	Homo sapiens	181-188
26872020-3	2016	Galectin-3 (gal3) is a multifunctional protein belonging to the carbohydrate-ligand lectin family, which is expressed by different cells.	Carbohydrates	64-76	galectin 3	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
26872020-3	2016	Galectin-3 (gal3) is a multifunctional protein belonging to the carbohydrate-ligand lectin family, which is expressed by different cells.	Carbohydrates	64-76	galectin 3	Rattus norvegicus	12-16
26863484-1	2016	Links between FGF21 and carbohydrate consumption have recently been described, with both genomic associations and elevated FGF21 levels in healthy subjects following sugar ingestion.	Carbohydrates	24-36	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	14-19
26863484-1	2016	Links between FGF21 and carbohydrate consumption have recently been described, with both genomic associations and elevated FGF21 levels in healthy subjects following sugar ingestion.	Carbohydrates	24-36	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	123-128
26724861-1	2016	Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hormone induced by various metabolic stresses, including ketogenic and high-carbohydrate diets, that regulates energy homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	117-129	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	0-27
26724861-1	2016	Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hormone induced by various metabolic stresses, including ketogenic and high-carbohydrate diets, that regulates energy homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	117-129	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	29-34
26724861-2	2016	In humans, SNPs in and around the FGF21 gene have been associated with macronutrient preference, including carbohydrate, fat, and protein intake.	Carbohydrates	107-119	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	34-39
26447186-9	2016	Moreover, we showed that the carbohydrate-binding activity of galectin-3 was important for the regulation of EGFR activation, Sox2 expression and sphere formation.	Carbohydrates	29-41	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	109-113
25648736-0	2016	A low-fat high-carbohydrate diet reduces plasma total adiponectin concentrations compared to a moderate-fat diet with no impact on biomarkers of systemic inflammation in a randomized controlled feeding study.	Carbohydrates	15-27	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	54-65
25648736-11	2016	A lower dietary fat and higher carbohydrate content had little impact on measures of systemic inflammation, but reduced adiponectin concentrations compared to a moderate-fat diet.	Carbohydrates	31-43	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	120-131
26429411-5	2016	Our results suggest that the extracellular Drgal1-L2 and Drgal3-L1 interact directly and in a carbohydrate-dependent manner with the IHNV glycosylated envelope and glycans on the epithelial cell surface, significantly reducing viral adhesion.	Carbohydrates	94-106	lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 2a	Danio rerio	43-52
27042490-1	2016	Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.	Carbohydrates	103-115	insulin	Homo sapiens	170-177
26264689-0	2016	Dietary carbohydrate and control of hepatic gene expression: mechanistic links from ATP and phosphate ester homeostasis to the carbohydrate-response element-binding protein.	Carbohydrates	8-20	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	127-172
26264689-3	2016	The carbohydrate-response element-binding protein (ChREBP, encoded by MLXIPL) is a transcription factor with a major role in the hepatic response to excess dietary carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	4-16	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	51-57
26264689-3	2016	The carbohydrate-response element-binding protein (ChREBP, encoded by MLXIPL) is a transcription factor with a major role in the hepatic response to excess dietary carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	4-16	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	70-76
26264689-4	2016	Because its target genes include pyruvate kinase (PKLR) and enzymes of lipogenesis, it is regarded as a key regulator for conversion of dietary carbohydrate to lipid for energy storage.	Carbohydrates	144-156	pyruvate kinase L/R	Homo sapiens	50-54
26828506-4	2016	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin is a valuable tool for assessing chronic heavy drinking.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
26828652-0	2016	High-Fat Diet Changes Hippocampal Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) in a Genotype- and Carbohydrate-Dependent Manner in Mice.	Carbohydrates	77-89	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	34-50
26828652-0	2016	High-Fat Diet Changes Hippocampal Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) in a Genotype- and Carbohydrate-Dependent Manner in Mice.	Carbohydrates	77-89	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	52-56
26699104-8	2016	Several low-molecular-weight carbohydrates exhibit the same effect on beta-endorphin aggregation as phosphate.	Carbohydrates	29-42	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	70-84
26611567-4	2016	DC-SIGN binds mannose or fucose-containing carbohydrates from viral proteins such as the HIV envelope glycoprotein gp120.	Carbohydrates	43-56	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	0-7
26811166-10	2016	CONCLUSIONS: Weight loss was similar across the diet groups, although insulin-sensitive women lost more weight with a lower fat, higher carbohydrate diet versus a higher fat, lower carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	136-148	insulin	Homo sapiens	70-77
26811166-10	2016	CONCLUSIONS: Weight loss was similar across the diet groups, although insulin-sensitive women lost more weight with a lower fat, higher carbohydrate diet versus a higher fat, lower carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	181-193	insulin	Homo sapiens	70-77
26655500-0	2016	MULTIMERIN2 binds VEGF-A primarily via the carbohydrate chains exerting an angiostatic function and impairing tumor growth.	Carbohydrates	43-55	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	18-24
26286194-1	2016	The Carbohydrate Structure Databases (CSDBs, http://csdb.glycoscience.ru) store structural, bibliographic, taxonomic, NMR spectroscopic, and other data on natural carbohydrates and their derivatives published in the scientific literature.	Carbohydrates	4-16	Y-box binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	52-56
26733412-7	2016	Based on the available data we propose IGF-1 as a key hormone in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome; due to its implications in the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids.	Carbohydrates	153-166	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	39-44
26286194-9	2016	CSDB provides additional services for simulation of (1)H, (13)C and 2D NMR spectra of saccharides, NMR-based structure prediction, glycan-based taxon clustering and other.	Carbohydrates	86-97	Y-box binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
28103609-2	2016	Human milk contains bioactive proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates that protect the newborn and stimulate innate and adaptive immune development.	Carbohydrates	52-65	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	6-10
27656352-10	2016	A selective IgE reactivity to the pure carbohydrate moiety was observed when investigating the specificity of the alpha-Gal immune response.	Carbohydrates	39-51	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	12-15
26675771-8	2016	CONCLUSIONS: The insulin-mediated increase in forearm carnitine balance with carbohydrate consumption was acutely blunted by a carbohydrate+protein beverage, which suggests that carbohydrate+protein could inhibit chronic muscle carnitine accumulation.	Carbohydrates	77-89	insulin	Homo sapiens	17-24
26675771-8	2016	CONCLUSIONS: The insulin-mediated increase in forearm carnitine balance with carbohydrate consumption was acutely blunted by a carbohydrate+protein beverage, which suggests that carbohydrate+protein could inhibit chronic muscle carnitine accumulation.	Carbohydrates	127-139	insulin	Homo sapiens	17-24
26675771-8	2016	CONCLUSIONS: The insulin-mediated increase in forearm carnitine balance with carbohydrate consumption was acutely blunted by a carbohydrate+protein beverage, which suggests that carbohydrate+protein could inhibit chronic muscle carnitine accumulation.	Carbohydrates	127-139	insulin	Homo sapiens	17-24
26675776-2	2016	OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether a dairy meal would produce a greater insulin response than a carbohydrate-matched red meat meal would, which might account for the change in insulin sensitivity.	Carbohydrates	96-108	insulin	Homo sapiens	176-183
26571012-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Fermentable carbohydrates (FCHO) have been shown to improve insulin sensitivity in normoglycaemic and insulin-resistant subjects.	Carbohydrates	24-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	72-79
26571012-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Fermentable carbohydrates (FCHO) have been shown to improve insulin sensitivity in normoglycaemic and insulin-resistant subjects.	Carbohydrates	24-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	114-121
26848765-2	2016	OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of polymorphism on the UCP3 promoter (-55C-&gt;T) on insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors secondary to a high protein/low carbohydrate vs. a standard hypocaloric diets (1,000 kcal/day).	Carbohydrates	198-210	insulin	Homo sapiens	115-122
26965765-5	2016	RESULTS: The carbohydrate restricted group had significant reductions in HbA1c (63 to 55 mmol/mol (8.9-8.2%), p&lt;0.05) and daily insulin use (64.4 to 44.2 units/day, p&lt;0.05) and non-significant reductions in body weight (83.2 to 78.0 kg).	Carbohydrates	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	131-138
27222427-7	2016	There were statistically significant differences in food cravings of carbohydrates and fast food on the Food Craving Inventory between the A1 and A2 groups (p=0.03), but not for sugar or fat.	Carbohydrates	69-82	BCL2 related protein A1	Homo sapiens	139-141
26701118-11	2016	Carbohydrate supplementation promoted an attenuation in the performance decrement and maintained gastrocnemius muscle mass in animals that had undergone overtraining protocols, which was accompanied by increased activity of the Akt-1 molecular indicator.	Carbohydrates	0-12	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	228-233
27222427-10	2016	CONCLUSION: Greater carbohydrate and fast food craving was associated with the DRD2 A1 versus A2 allele among Asian Americans.	Carbohydrates	20-32	G protein-coupled receptor 162	Homo sapiens	94-96
26965765-8	2016	CONCLUSIONS: A low carbohydrate diet is a feasible option for people with type 1 diabetes, and may be of benefit in reducing insulin doses and improving glycaemic control, particularly for those wishing to lose weight.	Carbohydrates	19-31	insulin	Homo sapiens	125-132
29975470-1	2016	In experimental heavy closed brain injury (mortality infive days - 86%) it is shown that from the first hours the violations of carbohydrate metabolism in the form of triad were formed: the marked hyperglycemia (3.3-3.6 times), hyperinsulinemia (2.4-3.2 times) and insulin resistance (HOMA-indexes increased to 8.0-11.7 times).	Carbohydrates	128-140	insulin	Homo sapiens	233-240
26800073-8	2016	Insulin resistance was treated for three weeks by low-carbohydrate nutrition and moderate exercise.	Carbohydrates	54-66	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
26800073-11	2016	Due to the high reversibility of metabolically dysregulated cardiovascular mechanisms, a causal, i.e. metabolic therapeutic strategy that normalizes insulin resistance by low-carbohydrate nutrition is a promising option.	Carbohydrates	175-187	insulin	Homo sapiens	149-156
26018229-4	2016	PPAR includes three isoforms: PPAR-alpha, PPAR- beta and PPAR- gamma, all of which are exerting critical influences on the maintenance of the metabolism of saccharides, lipids and proteins.	Carbohydrates	156-167	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	57-68
26223240-0	2016	Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Randomized to a Higher-Complex Carbohydrate/Low-Fat Diet Manifest Lower Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance, Inflammation, Glucose, and Free Fatty Acids: A Pilot Study.	Carbohydrates	72-84	insulin	Homo sapiens	128-135
26230278-0	2016	Mealtime Insulin Dosing by Carbohydrate Counting in Hospitalized Cardiology Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.	Carbohydrates	27-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	9-16
26230278-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Carbohydrate counting may improve glycemic control in hospitalized cardiology patients by providing individualized insulin doses tailored to meal consumption.	Carbohydrates	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	127-134
26230278-2	2016	The purpose of this study was to compare glycemic outcomes with mealtime insulin dosed by carbohydrate counting versus fixed dosing in the inpatient setting.	Carbohydrates	90-102	insulin	Homo sapiens	73-80
26230278-4	2016	Mealtime insulin was dosed by carbohydrate counting or with fixed doses determined prior to meal intake.	Carbohydrates	30-42	insulin	Homo sapiens	9-16
26230278-12	2016	CONCLUSIONS: Mealtime insulin dosing by carbohydrate counting was associated with similar glycemic outcomes as fixed mealtime insulin dosing, except for a greater incidence of preprandial hypoglycemia.	Carbohydrates	40-52	insulin	Homo sapiens	22-29
26453307-1	2016	MTORC2-AKT is a key regulator of carbohydrate metabolism and insulin signaling due to its effects on FOXO1 phosphorylation.	Carbohydrates	33-45	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	7-10
26870973-3	2016	The aim of the study was to: define adiponectin levels in the circulation of patients with type 2 diabetes at different stages of NAFLD and its impact on the detection of metabolic changes, the establishment of linkages with carbohydrate, lipid, protein metabolism, and liver function.	Carbohydrates	225-237	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	36-47
29431947-2	2016	The most informative indices, permitting to identify disorders of carbohydrate metabolism are established to be indices of insulin resistance (index Caro and index NOMA-IR) and the determination of insulin in serum.	Carbohydrates	66-78	insulin	Homo sapiens	123-130
29431947-2	2016	The most informative indices, permitting to identify disorders of carbohydrate metabolism are established to be indices of insulin resistance (index Caro and index NOMA-IR) and the determination of insulin in serum.	Carbohydrates	66-78	insulin	Homo sapiens	198-205
27150868-0	2016	Concurrent Therapy with a Low-carbohydrate Diet and Miglitol Remarkably Improved the Postprandial Blood Glucose and Insulin Levels in a Patient with Reactive Hypoglycemia due to Late Dumping Syndrome.	Carbohydrates	30-42	insulin	Homo sapiens	116-123
27150868-3	2016	We herein describe a case in which concurrent therapy with a low-carbohydrate diet using low-glycemic-index food and an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, miglitol, very effectively ameliorated the postprandial fluctuations in the blood glucose and plasma insulin levels in a patient with reactive hypoglycemia due to late dumping syndrome following total gastrectomy.	Carbohydrates	65-77	insulin	Homo sapiens	250-257
26839613-8	2015	Carbohydrate oxidation decreased from baseline (1.59 +- 0.4 g min(-1)) to 12 h after CON and ECC (1.36 +- 0.4 g min(-1); p = 0.03).	Carbohydrates	0-12	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	62-68
27919361-2	2016	OBJECTIVE: To assess the chronic effects of the substitution of refined carbohydrate or MUFA for SAFA on insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in centrally obese subjects.	Carbohydrates	72-84	insulin	Homo sapiens	105-112
27919361-2	2016	OBJECTIVE: To assess the chronic effects of the substitution of refined carbohydrate or MUFA for SAFA on insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in centrally obese subjects.	Carbohydrates	72-84	insulin	Homo sapiens	127-134
27919361-8	2016	CONCLUSION: In conclusion, a 6-week lower-fat/higher-carbohydrate (increased by 7% refined carbohydrate) diet may have greater adverse effect on insulin secretion corrected for glucose compared with isocaloric higher-fat diets.	Carbohydrates	53-65	insulin	Homo sapiens	145-152
27919361-8	2016	CONCLUSION: In conclusion, a 6-week lower-fat/higher-carbohydrate (increased by 7% refined carbohydrate) diet may have greater adverse effect on insulin secretion corrected for glucose compared with isocaloric higher-fat diets.	Carbohydrates	91-103	insulin	Homo sapiens	145-152
26526060-3	2016	The purpose of the current study was to define the effect of dietary carbohydrates (CHO) and obesity on the transcriptional activity of ChREBP isoforms and their respective target genes.	Carbohydrates	69-82	MLX interacting protein-like	Mus musculus	136-142
27481046-4	2016	This review describes the history of development of our understanding of type III HLP, discusses the several genetic variants of apoE that play roles in the genesis of type III HLP, and describes the remarkable responsiveness of this fascinating disorder to lifestyle modification, especially carbohydrate restriction and calorie restriction, and, when required, the addition of pharmacotherapy.	Carbohydrates	293-305	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	129-133
26164007-0	2016	Improving Glycemic Control and Insulin Ordering Efficiency for Hospitalized Patients With Diabetes Through Carbohydrate Counting.	Carbohydrates	107-119	insulin	Homo sapiens	31-38
26164007-2	2016	Insulin dosing through carbohydrate counting may address patient, provider, and institutional factors that complicate hospital glycemic management.	Carbohydrates	23-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
26164007-3	2016	On two surgical units at a tertiary care teaching hospital, we pilot tested postmeal insulin dosing based on carbohydrate counting (plus basal insulin) rather than the current process of ordering scheduled premeal insulin without knowledge of the patient"s consumption.	Carbohydrates	109-121	insulin	Homo sapiens	85-92
26164007-11	2016	Carbohydrate counting is effective and efficient and improved staff satisfaction and confidence in hospital mealtime insulin dosing.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	117-124
30289661-4	2016	This study shows significant association between insulin resistance, disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, development of microcirculatory disturbances and endothelial dysfunction.	Carbohydrates	82-94	insulin	Homo sapiens	49-56
26839613-8	2015	Carbohydrate oxidation decreased from baseline (1.59 +- 0.4 g min(-1)) to 12 h after CON and ECC (1.36 +- 0.4 g min(-1); p = 0.03).	Carbohydrates	0-12	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	112-118
26671069-6	2015	Specifically, AM251 blocked high-carbohydrate diet (HCD)-induced expression of GPI, TPI, Eno3 and LDHa, suggesting a down-regulation of glucose/pyruvate/lactate pathways under glucose availability.	Carbohydrates	33-45	enolase 3	Rattus norvegicus	89-93
25534879-6	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative carbohydrate supplementation was found to ameliorate postoperative insulin sensitivity by reducing muscle inflammatory responses and improved insulin inhibition of FOXO1-mediated PDK4 mRNA and protein expression after surgery.	Carbohydrates	26-38	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4	Sus scrofa	205-209
26399908-4	2015	The binding of the synthetic sulphoglycolipids by the carcinoma-specific monoclonal antibody AE3 was investigated using carbohydrate microarray technology.	Carbohydrates	120-132	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Homo sapiens	93-96
25330823-1	2015	OBJECTIVE: Traditionally insulin dosage is focused on the carbohydrate amount of meals.	Carbohydrates	58-70	insulin	Homo sapiens	25-32
26335627-10	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Twenty-four hours of controlled low carbohydrate intake resulted in higher baseline hepcidin levels and post-exercise IL-6 responses than a high carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	49-61	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	131-135
26499888-15	2015	The comparisons between the high CPS1-IT1 expression group and the low expression group indicated significant differences in lymphatic invasion (P=0.045), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (P=0.044), disease-free survival (P=0.026), and non-significant differential trends in alkaline phosphatase were observed (P=0.085).	Carbohydrates	155-167	HAUS augmin like complex subunit 3	Homo sapiens	38-41
26618719-0	2015	Insulin:Carbohydrate Ratio--Part of the Story.	Carbohydrates	8-20	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
26668834-8	2015	The restricted-carbohydrate group encountered mealtime insulin resistance and difficulty managing insulin dosages when transitioning on and off the low-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	15-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	55-62
26668834-8	2015	The restricted-carbohydrate group encountered mealtime insulin resistance and difficulty managing insulin dosages when transitioning on and off the low-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	15-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	98-105
26668834-12	2015	The restricted-carbohydrate group reported mealtime insulin resistance and a strong dietary impact.	Carbohydrates	15-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	52-59
25330823-6	2015	The carbohydrate amount remained identical and insulin was adjusted to this carbohydrate amount with the individual carbohydrate bolus.	Carbohydrates	76-88	insulin	Homo sapiens	47-54
25330823-6	2015	The carbohydrate amount remained identical and insulin was adjusted to this carbohydrate amount with the individual carbohydrate bolus.	Carbohydrates	76-88	insulin	Homo sapiens	47-54
26504138-6	2015	In addition, microarray analyses revealed that carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid metabolism was enhanced in the leaves and grain of pPP2::AtSUC2 plants.	Carbohydrates	47-59	sucrose-proton symporter 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	140-146
26704011-0	2015	[Impact of preoperative oral liquid carbohydrate on postoperative insulin resistance in gastric cancer patients and its associated study].	Carbohydrates	36-48	insulin	Homo sapiens	66-73
26704011-1	2015	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of preoperative oral liquid carbohydrate on postoperative insulin resistance (IR) in gastric cancer patients undergoing elective resection, and to examine the association of IR index (homeostasis model assessment, HOMA-IR) with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha).	Carbohydrates	65-77	insulin	Homo sapiens	95-102
26704011-15	2015	CONCLUSION: Oral intake of liquid carbohydrate 2 hours before surgery can reduce the level of TNF-alpha, which is likely to improve the postoperative insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	34-46	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	94-103
26704011-15	2015	CONCLUSION: Oral intake of liquid carbohydrate 2 hours before surgery can reduce the level of TNF-alpha, which is likely to improve the postoperative insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	34-46	insulin	Homo sapiens	150-157
26571137-11	2015	In skeletal muscle, where PPARA and its targets orchestrate carbohydrate metabolism and fatty acid oxidation, the OVE cows had greater glyceroneogenesis (higher mRNA expression of PC and PCK1), whereas CON cows had greater glucose transport (SLC2A4).	Carbohydrates	60-72	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Bos taurus	26-31
26636015-2	2015	Carbohydrate counting and insulin dose calculations based on carbohydrates and blood sugars are integral to intensive insulin management of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	118-125
26636015-2	2015	Carbohydrate counting and insulin dose calculations based on carbohydrates and blood sugars are integral to intensive insulin management of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).	Carbohydrates	61-74	insulin	Homo sapiens	26-33
26636015-2	2015	Carbohydrate counting and insulin dose calculations based on carbohydrates and blood sugars are integral to intensive insulin management of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).	Carbohydrates	61-74	insulin	Homo sapiens	118-125
26635841-4	2015	BnWRI1 decreased storage carbohydrates and increased soluble sugars to facilitate the carbon flux to lipid anabolism.	Carbohydrates	25-38	ethylene-responsive transcription factor WRI1-like	Brassica napus	0-6
26530529-6	2015	In addition, tumors with BRAF or KRAS mutations were in correlation with elevated serum level of carbohydrate antigen (CA19-9) and carcinoma embryonic antigen (CEA) and the combination of serum biomarkers and molecular mutation status may enhance the more precise risk stratification of CRC patients.	Carbohydrates	97-109	B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	25-29
26554020-2	2015	QQS (Qua-Quine Starch; At3g30720), an orphan gene unique to Arabidopsis thaliana, regulates metabolic processes affecting carbon and nitrogen partitioning among proteins and carbohydrates, modulating leaf and seed composition in Arabidopsis and soybean.	Carbohydrates	174-187	qua-quine starch	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-3
26554020-2	2015	QQS (Qua-Quine Starch; At3g30720), an orphan gene unique to Arabidopsis thaliana, regulates metabolic processes affecting carbon and nitrogen partitioning among proteins and carbohydrates, modulating leaf and seed composition in Arabidopsis and soybean.	Carbohydrates	174-187	qua-quine starch	Arabidopsis thaliana	5-21
26540514-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) exerts wide-range effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	77-89	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	12-39
26579206-10	2015	Conversely, premenopausal women carrying the risk allele and consuming lower carbohydrate/higher fat diets showed a more favorable metabolic pattern (higher HDL-C and adiponectin levels, and lower VAT/SAT ratio, HOMA-IR, GGT and ALP levels).	Carbohydrates	77-89	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	167-178
26579206-10	2015	Conversely, premenopausal women carrying the risk allele and consuming lower carbohydrate/higher fat diets showed a more favorable metabolic pattern (higher HDL-C and adiponectin levels, and lower VAT/SAT ratio, HOMA-IR, GGT and ALP levels).	Carbohydrates	77-89	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	229-232
26579206-11	2015	CONCLUSION: This is the first study reporting a gender-specific interaction between ABCA1/R230C variant and dietary carbohydrate and fat percentages affecting VAT/SAT ratio, GGT, ALP, adiponectin levels and HOMA index.	Carbohydrates	116-128	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	184-195
26540514-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) exerts wide-range effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	77-89	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	41-46
26503064-0	2015	First objective association between elevated carbohydrate-deficient transferrin concentrations and alcohol-related traffic accidents.	Carbohydrates	45-57	transferrin	Homo sapiens	68-79
26319680-2	2015	Polysialic acid (PSA) is a carbohydrate attached to NCAM via either of two specific sialyltransferases: ST8SiaII and ST8SiaIV.	Carbohydrates	27-39	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	52-56
26319680-2	2015	Polysialic acid (PSA) is a carbohydrate attached to NCAM via either of two specific sialyltransferases: ST8SiaII and ST8SiaIV.	Carbohydrates	27-39	ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	117-125
26344403-3	2015	METHODS: Indirect state markers like gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase, mean corpuscular volume, and carbohydrate deficient transferrin are influenced by age, gender, various substances, and nonalcohol-related illnesses, and do not cover the entire timeline for alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	97-109	transferrin	Homo sapiens	120-131
26503064-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is a well-recognized highly specific marker of chronic alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
26503066-0	2015	Phosphatidylethanol is superior to carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and gamma-glutamyltransferase as an alcohol marker and is a reliable estimate of alcohol consumption level.	Carbohydrates	35-47	transferrin	Homo sapiens	58-69
26657044-6	2015	RESULTS: In our carbohydrate microarray analysis, C1 was found to be highly specific for an O-glycan cryptic epitope, gp(C1).	Carbohydrates	16-28	homeobox B7	Homo sapiens	50-52
26439864-4	2015	Applying this pipeline to gnotobiotic and human microbiota-colonized mice, we demonstrate that elimination of microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs) from the diet results in thinner mucus in the distal colon, increased proximity of microbes to the epithelium, and heightened expression of the inflammatory marker REG3beta.	Carbohydrates	132-145	regenerating islet-derived 3 beta	Mus musculus	317-325
26422396-0	2015	The relationship between carbohydrate and the mealtime insulin dose in type 1 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	25-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	55-62
26422396-4	2015	Carbohydrate estimations in portions or exchanges have been thought of as inadequate because they may result in less precise matching of insulin dose to carbohydrate amount.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	137-144
26422396-6	2015	In addition it has been found that a single mealtime bolus of insulin can cover a range of carbohydrate intake without deterioration in postprandial control.	Carbohydrates	91-103	insulin	Homo sapiens	62-69
26422396-8	2015	This article reviews the relationship between carbohydrate quantity and insulin dose, highlighting limitations in the evidence for a linear association.	Carbohydrates	46-58	insulin	Homo sapiens	72-79
26373701-7	2015	The inverse relationship between insulin-30 and REE was substantially attenuated when the low-carbohydrate diet was consumed first.	Carbohydrates	94-106	insulin	Homo sapiens	33-40
26460611-6	2015	Although the overall structure of FBG3 is similar to that of Fbs1, the residues that form the Fbs1 carbohydrate-binding pocket failed to be superposed with the corresponding residues of FBG3.	Carbohydrates	99-111	F-box protein 2	Homo sapiens	94-98
26440885-3	2015	Here, we demonstrate that in an organism-wide setting in Drosophila, Mondo-Mlx controls the majority of sugar-regulated genes involved in nutrient digestion and transport as well as carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	182-194	bigmax	Drosophila melanogaster	75-78
26460611-7	2015	Structure-based mutational analysis shows that distinct hydrogen bond networks of four FBG3 loops, i.e., beta2-beta3, beta5-beta6, beta7-beta8, and beta9-beta10, prevent the formation of the carbohydrate-binding pocket shown in Fbs1.	Carbohydrates	191-203	F-box protein 2	Homo sapiens	228-232
26411684-2	2015	We observe that the activity of the carbohydrate-responsive element binding protein ChREBP is rapidly downregulated upon TLR4 activation in macrophages.	Carbohydrates	36-48	MLX interacting protein-like	Mus musculus	84-90
26456705-3	2015	The recognition of glyco or carbohydrate moieties by Mincle (Macrophage inducible C-type lectin) is emerging as a crucial element in anti-fungal and anti-mycobacterial immunity.	Carbohydrates	28-40	C-type lectin domain family 4 member E	Homo sapiens	53-59
26452159-6	2015	Hepatocytes in the periportal area showed higher NF-kappaB expression than in the pericentral region in the carbohydrate-fed controls, but not in the ethanol group.	Carbohydrates	108-120	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	49-58
26411684-2	2015	We observe that the activity of the carbohydrate-responsive element binding protein ChREBP is rapidly downregulated upon TLR4 activation in macrophages.	Carbohydrates	36-48	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	121-125
26084589-0	2015	Timing of post-exercise carbohydrate ingestion: influence on IL-6 and hepcidin responses.	Carbohydrates	24-36	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	61-65
26526864-4	2015	Breast milk is widely regarded as the optimal source of neonatal nutrition due to its composition of carbohydrates, proteins, minerals and antibodies.	Carbohydrates	101-114	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	7-11
26321040-1	2015	The diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder, characterized by the hyperglycemia with deficiency in the use of carbohydrates, fats and proteins, resultant of the impairment in secretion and/or insulin action.	Carbohydrates	112-125	insulin	Homo sapiens	194-201
26084589-1	2015	PURPOSE: Carbohydrate ingestion prior and during exercise attenuates exercise-induced interleukin-6.	Carbohydrates	9-21	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	86-99
26294388-1	2015	The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) affects hepatic integration of carbohydrate and fat metabolism in Siberian hamsters, a natural model of adiposity.	Carbohydrates	132-144	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	94-99
26294388-5	2015	These findings provide novel mechanistic basis to support the notion that FGF21 exerts profound metabolic benefits in the liver by modulating nutrient flux through both carbohydrate (mediated by a PDK4-mediated suppression of PDC activity) and fat (mediated by deactivation of ACC) metabolism, and therefore may be an attractive target for protection from increased hepatic lipid content and insulin resistance that frequently accompany obesity and diabetes.	Carbohydrates	169-181	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	74-79
26424241-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Meal lipids (LIP) and proteins (PRO) may influence the effect of insulin doses based on carbohydrate (CHO) counting in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D).	Carbohydrates	100-112	insulin	Homo sapiens	77-84
27491153-1	2015	We studied the level of osteocalcin and its relationships with carbohydrate metabolism and clinical and radiographic changes in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM 2) and their combination.	Carbohydrates	63-75	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein	Homo sapiens	24-35
27491153-2	2015	Significant negative correlation between the level of osteocalcin and carbohydrate metabolism, and clinical and radiographic changes in patients with OA and DM 2 was found.	Carbohydrates	70-82	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein	Homo sapiens	54-65
27491153-3	2015	We determined, that negative correlation of osteocalcin with carbohydrate metabolism and radiographic changes, and more pronounced pain in OA maybe an indication that the lack of production of osteocalcin leads to more severe changes during the OA on the background of DM 2 diabetes mellitus.	Carbohydrates	61-73	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein	Homo sapiens	44-55
26197803-3	2015	Carbohydrate-rich fluids have been proven to enhance patient comfort prior to surgery and have been theorized to reduce insulin resistance, reducing patient catabolism, with a positive impact on perioperative glucose control and muscle preservation.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	120-127
26057877-2	2015	We created a coiled-coil glycopeptide library to characterize the distances between the carbohydrate-binding sites of the asialoglycoprotein receptors (ASGPR) on hepatocytes.	Carbohydrates	88-100	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	122-150
26404527-3	2015	Comparison of population genomics of high altitudinal great tits and those living in lowlands revealed an accelerated genetic selection for carbohydrate energy metabolism (amino sugar, nucleotide sugar metabolism and insulin signaling pathways) and hypoxia response (PI3K-akt, mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways) in the high altitudinal population.	Carbohydrates	140-152	serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR	Parus major	277-281
26057877-2	2015	We created a coiled-coil glycopeptide library to characterize the distances between the carbohydrate-binding sites of the asialoglycoprotein receptors (ASGPR) on hepatocytes.	Carbohydrates	88-100	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	152-157
25958356-10	2015	During the moderate air quality period following post-MAF, the concentration of total carbohydrates was 1.44-2.64 times the amount during the festival.	Carbohydrates	86-99	MAF bZIP transcription factor	Homo sapiens	54-57
26675092-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) who are able to adjust their insulin doses according to the carbohydrate content of a meal, as well as their blood glucose, are likely to have improved glycaemic control (Silverstein et al., 2005).	Carbohydrates	118-130	insulin	Homo sapiens	87-94
26183316-3	2015	Galectin-3 is a pleiotropic molecule belonging to the carbohydrate-ligand lectin family, which is expressed by different cells in different tissues.	Carbohydrates	54-66	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	0-10
26234903-0	2015	Design, synthesis and immunological evaluation of 1,2,3-triazole-tethered carbohydrate-Pam3Cys conjugates as TLR2 agonists.	Carbohydrates	74-86	toll like receptor 2	Homo sapiens	109-113
26202844-1	2015	A primary focus of the management of type 1 diabetes has been on matching prandial insulin therapy with carbohydrate amount consumed.	Carbohydrates	104-116	insulin	Homo sapiens	83-90
26069076-5	2015	In the course of glucose metabolism, reverse release change of resistin and insulin in T2DM monkeys occurred, but the phenomenon that was not observed in the control group, these findings indicated that resistin negatively regulated and interfered with carbohydrate metabolism in T2DM monkey models.	Carbohydrates	253-265	resistin	Macaca mulatta	203-211
25853863-8	2015	We can conclude that GR activation in GLP-1-producing cells will diminish the secretory responsiveness of these cells to subsequent carbohydrate stimulation.	Carbohydrates	132-144	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1	Mus musculus	21-23
26322090-1	2015	INTRODUCTION: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a ligand-activated transcription factor of the nuclear receptor superfamily that is involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism as well as inflammation; thereby it participates in metabolic diseases including diabetes.	Carbohydrates	184-196	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	14-62
26306809-0	2015	Inhibition of human GLUT1 and GLUT5 by plant carbohydrate products; insights into transport specificity.	Carbohydrates	45-57	solute carrier family 2 member 5	Homo sapiens	30-35
26124278-2	2015	In Drosophila, the loss of the specific enzyme that degrades GABA, GABA transaminase (GABAT), increases sleep, and we show here that it also affects metabolism such that flies lacking GABAT fail to survive on carbohydrate media.	Carbohydrates	209-221	Resistant to dieldrin	Drosophila melanogaster	61-65
26124278-2	2015	In Drosophila, the loss of the specific enzyme that degrades GABA, GABA transaminase (GABAT), increases sleep, and we show here that it also affects metabolism such that flies lacking GABAT fail to survive on carbohydrate media.	Carbohydrates	209-221	Resistant to dieldrin	Drosophila melanogaster	67-71
26166555-8	2015	CONCLUSION: A high-protein/low carbohydrate hypocaloric diet shows a higher weight loss, insulin and HOMA-R decreased after 9 months than a standard hypocaloric diet.	Carbohydrates	31-43	insulin	Homo sapiens	89-96
26092603-0	2015	Evaluation of serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin by HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS. BACKGROUND: The percentage of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (%CDT) in serum is a marker of habitual alcohol intake that can be determined by antibody detection of abnormal disialo sugar chains at D432 and D630.	Carbohydrates	20-32	transferrin	Homo sapiens	43-54
26092603-0	2015	Evaluation of serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin by HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS. BACKGROUND: The percentage of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (%CDT) in serum is a marker of habitual alcohol intake that can be determined by antibody detection of abnormal disialo sugar chains at D432 and D630.	Carbohydrates	20-32	transferrin	Homo sapiens	134-145
26092603-0	2015	Evaluation of serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin by HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS. BACKGROUND: The percentage of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (%CDT) in serum is a marker of habitual alcohol intake that can be determined by antibody detection of abnormal disialo sugar chains at D432 and D630.	Carbohydrates	111-123	transferrin	Homo sapiens	43-54
26092603-0	2015	Evaluation of serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin by HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS. BACKGROUND: The percentage of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (%CDT) in serum is a marker of habitual alcohol intake that can be determined by antibody detection of abnormal disialo sugar chains at D432 and D630.	Carbohydrates	111-123	transferrin	Homo sapiens	134-145
26271046-3	2015	To date, a unique trisaccharide (HSO3-3GlcAbeta1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc), human natural killer-1 (HNK-1) carbohydrate, was found expressed specifically on N-linked glycans of GluA2 and regulated the cell surface expression of AMPAR and the spine maturation process.	Carbohydrates	100-112	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	93-98
26322090-1	2015	INTRODUCTION: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a ligand-activated transcription factor of the nuclear receptor superfamily that is involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism as well as inflammation; thereby it participates in metabolic diseases including diabetes.	Carbohydrates	184-196	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	64-73
26116537-1	2015	Galectin-1 (GAL1), an animal lectin with a carbohydrate recognition domain, is known for its roles in cancer, tumor progression, as well as obesity and related complications.	Carbohydrates	43-55	galectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
26116537-1	2015	Galectin-1 (GAL1), an animal lectin with a carbohydrate recognition domain, is known for its roles in cancer, tumor progression, as well as obesity and related complications.	Carbohydrates	43-55	galectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	12-16
26495916-0	2015	Randomized Clinical Trial To Compare The Effects Of Preoperative Oral Carbohydrate Loading Versus Placebo On Insulin Resistance And Cortisol Level After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.	Carbohydrates	70-82	insulin	Homo sapiens	109-116
26110815-5	2015	RESULTS: Percentage of carbohydrate deficient transferrin (%CDT) provided the highest diagnostic performance (area under the curve [AUC] 0.77) followed by gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (AUC 0.68) to detect excessive drinkers.	Carbohydrates	23-35	transferrin	Homo sapiens	46-57
26600764-2	2015	Most of these studies have, however, been undertaken using the Ab-2 antibody (clone SN3b), which detects a CD24-associated carbohydrate, and not the CD24 protein itself.	Carbohydrates	123-135	CD24 molecule	Homo sapiens	107-111
26388633-5	2015	MESSAGE: Adolescents with type 1 diabetes may take extra insulin to consume more carbohydrates, or to seek attention.	Carbohydrates	81-94	insulin	Homo sapiens	57-64
26037514-3	2015	OBJECTIVE: The objective was to test the hypotheses that injection of rapid-acting insulin before a high-carbohydrate meal or replacement of other carbohydrates with fructose in the meal would prevent hypoglycemia.	Carbohydrates	105-117	insulin	Homo sapiens	83-90
26193853-2	2015	OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to characterize effects of low carbohydrate, high protein diet (LCHP) on atherosclerotic plaque development in brachiocephalic artery (BCA) in apoE/LDLR-/- mice and to elucidate mechanisms of proatherogenic effects of LCHP diet.	Carbohydrates	68-80	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	180-184
26092779-4	2015	AIM: The aim of our study was to determine whether the parameters of carbohydrate metabolism (fasting blood glucose, HBA1c and surrogate insulin sensitivity/resistance indices) correlate with anthropometric data and HRV.	Carbohydrates	69-81	insulin	Homo sapiens	137-144
25245859-2	2015	We analyzed whether daily carbohydrate intake, its diurnal distribution and insulin requirement per 11 g of carbohydrate differ between CFRD and T1D.	Carbohydrates	108-120	insulin	Homo sapiens	76-83
26050259-0	2015	Carbohydrate-binding activities of coagulation factors fibrinogen and fibrin.	Carbohydrates	0-12	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	55-65
26050259-3	2015	Here we demonstrate that fibrinogen and fibrin have carbohydrate-specific binding activities that inhibit fibrin clot formation.	Carbohydrates	52-64	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	25-35
26495916-3	2015	One of the elements of modern perioperative care is preoperative administration of oral carbohydrate loading (CHO-loading), which shortens preoperative fasting and reduces insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	88-100	insulin	Homo sapiens	172-179
25995448-0	2015	A Novel Mechanism for Binding of Galactose-terminated Glycans by the C-type Carbohydrate Recognition Domain in Blood Dendritic Cell Antigen 2.	Carbohydrates	76-88	C-type lectin domain family 4 member C	Homo sapiens	111-141
25716202-1	2015	Galectin-9 (Gal-9), a member of animal lectin family with evolutionary conserved carbohydrate recognition domains, has been reported to exert a large variety of functional roles in tumorigenesis due to its beta-galactoside-binding affinity.	Carbohydrates	81-93	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	0-10
25716202-1	2015	Galectin-9 (Gal-9), a member of animal lectin family with evolutionary conserved carbohydrate recognition domains, has been reported to exert a large variety of functional roles in tumorigenesis due to its beta-galactoside-binding affinity.	Carbohydrates	81-93	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	12-17
26168167-0	2015	A Mutation in the Carbohydrate Recognition Domain Drives a Phenotypic Switch in the Role of Galectin-7 in Prostate Cancer.	Carbohydrates	18-30	galectin 7	Homo sapiens	92-102
25995448-3	2015	The C-type carbohydrate recognition domain in the extracellular portion of BDCA-2 contains a signature motif typical of C-type animal lectins that bind mannose, glucose, or GlcNAc, yet it has been reported that BDCA-2 binds selectively to galactose-terminated, biantennary N-linked glycans.	Carbohydrates	11-23	C-type lectin domain family 4 member C	Homo sapiens	75-81
25995448-3	2015	The C-type carbohydrate recognition domain in the extracellular portion of BDCA-2 contains a signature motif typical of C-type animal lectins that bind mannose, glucose, or GlcNAc, yet it has been reported that BDCA-2 binds selectively to galactose-terminated, biantennary N-linked glycans.	Carbohydrates	11-23	C-type lectin domain family 4 member C	Homo sapiens	211-217
26021975-0	2015	Letter to the Editor Regarding "A Comparison Between Serum Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin and Hair Ethyl Glucuronide in Detecting Chronic Alcohol Consumption in Routine".	Carbohydrates	59-71	transferrin	Homo sapiens	82-93
25962716-8	2015	The AST variation had a high negative correlation with energy and carbohydrate consumption and a moderate correlation with lipid and vitamin C intake.	Carbohydrates	66-78	solute carrier family 17 member 5	Homo sapiens	4-7
26161703-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 (SSEA1) is a cell surface carbohydrate that its pattern expression is changed during induction of mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation.	Carbohydrates	73-85	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	12-46
26161703-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 (SSEA1) is a cell surface carbohydrate that its pattern expression is changed during induction of mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation.	Carbohydrates	73-85	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	48-53
25754957-9	2015	In nondiabetic individuals, enhanced glucose sensitivity and potentiation upregulate the insulin secretory response to carbohydrate overloading.	Carbohydrates	119-131	insulin	Homo sapiens	89-96
26290909-1	2015	about the Article "A Comparison Between Serum  Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin and Hair Ethyl Glucuronide in  Detecting Chronic Alcohol Consumption in Routine".	Carbohydrates	47-59	transferrin	Homo sapiens	70-81
25600279-8	2015	Furthermore, enhanced deposition of arabinose-containing carbohydrate was detected in the kinesin-4 mutants.	Carbohydrates	57-69	kinesin-4-like	Gossypium hirsutum	90-97
25827058-1	2015	CONTEXT: Insulin resistance is associated with blunted sympathetic nervous system (SNS) response to carbohydrate ingestion which may contribute to postprandial hypotension and impaired body weight homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	100-112	insulin	Homo sapiens	9-16
25565096-1	2015	The postprandial regulation of progranulin by oral uptake of lipids and carbohydrates in healthy individuals has not yet been investigated.	Carbohydrates	72-85	granulin precursor	Homo sapiens	31-42
25559901-8	2015	In addition, the majority of the studies fed carbohydrate at &gt;=1.2 g min-1, which may have inflated levels of GI distress and exaggerated performance decrements with single-saccharide feedings.	Carbohydrates	45-57	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	72-77
25858314-1	2015	Galectins are a family of lectins characterized by their carbohydrate recognition domains containing eight conserved amino acid residues, which allows the binding of galectin to beta-galactoside sugars such as Galbeta1-4GlcNAc.	Carbohydrates	57-69	Galectin	Caenorhabditis elegans	166-174
26083072-0	2015	Erratum: Carbohydrate anomalies in the PDB.	Carbohydrates	9-21	PDB1	Homo sapiens	39-42
26131978-12	2015	Moreover, there is a need to correlate the indirect biomarker carbohydrate deficient transferrin, which reflects longer lasting consumption of higher amounts of alcohol, with serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, another long term indirect biomarker that is routinely used and standardized in laboratory medicine.	Carbohydrates	62-74	transferrin	Homo sapiens	85-96
26279757-6	2015	SiRNA studies supported a role of DLAT in gastric cancer cell proliferation and carbohydrate metabolism, reprogramming of which is a hallmark of cancer.	Carbohydrates	80-92	dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase	Homo sapiens	34-38
26103122-3	2015	Here, we identify the yeast GSK-3 homologue Mck1 as a key regulator of G0 entry and reveal that Mck1 acts in parallel to Rim15 to activate starvation-induced gene expression, the acquisition of stress resistance, the accumulation of storage carbohydrates, the ability of early SP cells to exit from quiescence, and their chronological lifespan.	Carbohydrates	241-254	serine/threonine/tyrosine protein kinase MCK1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	96-100
26103122-3	2015	Here, we identify the yeast GSK-3 homologue Mck1 as a key regulator of G0 entry and reveal that Mck1 acts in parallel to Rim15 to activate starvation-induced gene expression, the acquisition of stress resistance, the accumulation of storage carbohydrates, the ability of early SP cells to exit from quiescence, and their chronological lifespan.	Carbohydrates	241-254	protein kinase RIM15	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	121-126
25898950-2	2015	Prandial insulin bolus was administered as per each subject"s customary insulin/carbohydrate ratio adjusted for meal time meter glucose and the level of physical activity.	Carbohydrates	80-92	insulin	Homo sapiens	9-16
26045295-7	2015	Finally, P-selectin, when complexed with MSP7, could no longer bind to its endogenous carbohydrate ligand, Sialyl-Lewis(X).	Carbohydrates	86-98	selectin, platelet	Mus musculus	9-19
26048469-8	2015	Importantly, stratification of 1-year CS by carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), (carbohydrate antigen) CA19-9, and tumor stage showed lower CEA, CA19-9, and tumor stage associated with favorable 1-year CS over time (P = 0.016, 0.009 and 0.003).	Carbohydrates	77-89	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	136-139
25907074-2	2015	To support proliferation and survival under stress, two interacting complexes that harbor mTOR, mTORC1 and mTORC2, promote the transcription of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and lipogenesis, enhance protein translation, and inhibit autophagy.	Carbohydrates	162-174	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	90-94
25740607-1	2015	The purpose of this study was to determine if the co-ingestion of carbohydrate (CHO) with branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) or L-leucine (LEU) preferentially affected serum IGF-1 and the expression of myogenic-related genes in response to resistance exercise (RE).	Carbohydrates	66-78	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	173-178
25499076-11	2015	N-Glycan profiling proved to be a useful and accurate methodology also for MM and carbohydrate content determination for the two G-hPRL preparations, in good agreement with the values obtained directly via MALDI-TOF-MS.	Carbohydrates	82-94	prolactin	Homo sapiens	131-135
25774984-3	2015	The two CBM isoforms (beta1- and beta2-CBM) are near identical in sequence and structure, yet show differences in carbohydrate-binding affinity.	Carbohydrates	114-126	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 1	Homo sapiens	22-27
26161028-0	2015	DC-SIGN (CD209) Carbohydrate Recognition Domain Is Not Polymorphic in Dengue Virus-Infected Indonesian Patients.	Carbohydrates	16-28	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	9-14
25406888-3	2015	Our preliminary studies have suggested that skin grafts from alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase knock out (GalT-KO) miniature swine might provide temporary wound coverage comparable to allografts, since GalT-KO swine lack this carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	224-236	galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase	Homo sapiens	104-108
26019878-15	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Reducing basal insulin dose with reduced prandial bolus insulin and LGI carbohydrate feeding provides protection from hypoglycemia during and for 24 h following evening exercise.	Carbohydrates	85-97	insulin	Homo sapiens	28-35
25698630-0	2015	A comparison between serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and hair ethyl glucuronide in detecting chronic alcohol consumption in routine.	Carbohydrates	27-39	transferrin	Homo sapiens	50-61
25698630-3	2015	METHODS: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), ethyl glucuronide (EtG), AST, ALT, GGT, MCV were measured in a large sample (n = 562).	Carbohydrates	9-21	transferrin	Homo sapiens	32-43
25701231-5	2015	Consumption of a high-protein/low carbohydrate diet increased prolactin concentration, with a concomitant increase in SNAT2 expression not only in the MG during lactation, but also in the liver and adipose tissue.	Carbohydrates	34-46	prolactin	Homo sapiens	62-71
25701231-6	2015	There was a correlation between SNAT2 expression and serum prolactin levels depending on the amount of dietary protein/carbohydrate ratio consumed.	Carbohydrates	119-131	prolactin	Homo sapiens	59-68
25753196-2	2015	The carbohydrate-based surfactants investigated included homologous series of raffinose and melezitose monoesters bearing C10 to C18 acyl chains prepared by lipase-catalyzed synthesis in organic media.	Carbohydrates	4-16	Bardet-Biedl syndrome 9	Homo sapiens	129-132
25883163-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have to count the carbohydrates (CHOs) of their meal to estimate the prandial insulin dose needed to compensate for the meal"s effect on blood glucose levels.	Carbohydrates	69-82	insulin	Homo sapiens	129-136
25885951-0	2015	Carbohydrate anomalies in the PDB.	Carbohydrates	0-12	PDB1	Homo sapiens	30-33
25519294-0	2015	Carbohydrate-to-Insulin Ratio in a Mediterranean Population of Type 1 Diabetic Patients on Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Therapy.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	16-23
25519294-0	2015	Carbohydrate-to-Insulin Ratio in a Mediterranean Population of Type 1 Diabetic Patients on Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Therapy.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	115-122
25519294-1	2015	BACKGROUND: The carbohydrate-to-insulin ratio (CIR) is initially calculated from the total daily insulin dose (TDID).	Carbohydrates	16-28	insulin	Homo sapiens	32-39
25519294-1	2015	BACKGROUND: The carbohydrate-to-insulin ratio (CIR) is initially calculated from the total daily insulin dose (TDID).	Carbohydrates	16-28	insulin	Homo sapiens	97-104
25728481-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Simultaneous inactivation of pig GGTA1 and CMAH genes eliminates carbohydrate xenoantigens recognized by human antibodies.	Carbohydrates	77-89	N-acetyllactosaminide alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase	Sus scrofa	45-50
25918842-6	2015	Carbohydrates oxidation rate decreased significantly with time (from 0.84 +- 0.31 to 0.53 +- 0.24 g   min(-1), respectively; p &lt; 0.001), being estimated well enough by the algorithm (p = NS).	Carbohydrates	0-13	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	102-108
25795941-1	2015	UNLABELLED: Simple Carbohydrates (CHO) in the cardiometabolic risk, lead to the increase of blood glucose and to insulin levels and in the long-term to Diabetes Mellitus type 2( T2DM).	Carbohydrates	19-32	insulin	Homo sapiens	113-120
25873144-11	2015	Patients will be trained to adjust their insulin dose according to carbohydrate intake and blood glucose level.	Carbohydrates	67-79	insulin	Homo sapiens	41-48
25701309-4	2015	ASGPR facilitates internalization by clathrin-mediated endocytosis and exhibits high affinity for carbohydrates specifically galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine and glucose.	Carbohydrates	98-111	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
25637492-1	2015	G-protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41) also called free fatty acid receptor 3 (FFAR3) is a Galphai-coupled receptor activated by short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) mainly produced from dietary complex carbohydrate fibers in the large intestine as products of fermentation by microbiota.	Carbohydrates	197-209	free fatty acid receptor 3	Mus musculus	0-29
25637492-1	2015	G-protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41) also called free fatty acid receptor 3 (FFAR3) is a Galphai-coupled receptor activated by short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) mainly produced from dietary complex carbohydrate fibers in the large intestine as products of fermentation by microbiota.	Carbohydrates	197-209	free fatty acid receptor 3	Mus musculus	31-36
25637492-1	2015	G-protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41) also called free fatty acid receptor 3 (FFAR3) is a Galphai-coupled receptor activated by short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) mainly produced from dietary complex carbohydrate fibers in the large intestine as products of fermentation by microbiota.	Carbohydrates	197-209	free fatty acid receptor 3	Mus musculus	78-83
25645182-4	2015	One counter-intuitive observation to arise from simulations is that liver triglyceride initially decreases when a high fat meal is ingested, a phenomenon potentially explained by the carbohydrate portion of the meal raising plasma insulin.	Carbohydrates	183-195	insulin	Homo sapiens	231-238
25900868-1	2015	This patient with BMI 36 kg/m2 and T2DM on insulin glargine and glyburide as well as atenolol for HTN was able to lose 10% of his initial body weight with a low-carbohydrate diet and exercise and adjustment of medications in approximately a 36-week time frame.	Carbohydrates	161-173	insulin	Homo sapiens	43-50
26225266-3	2015	Carbohydrates are the main stimulators of insulin release, but research shows that dairy products and starches elicit greater postprandial insulin secretion than non-starchy vegetables and fruits.	Carbohydrates	0-13	insulin	Homo sapiens	42-49
27275219-9	2015	In groups (2&amp;3) positive significant correlation was recorded between (SBP) &amp; (DBP) and total daily intake of total calories, carbohydrate, total fat, saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, and negative significant correlation with total daily intake of total protein, animal and vegetable protein, linolenic and linoleic fatty acids, while oleic fatty acid showed negative correlation with SBP&amp;DBP in all groups.	Carbohydrates	134-146	D-box binding PAR bZIP transcription factor	Homo sapiens	87-90
25894268-1	2015	Patients with type 1 diabetes are exposed to permanent burden consisting of careful glucose self-monitoring and precise insulin dosage based on measured glucose values, carbohydrates content in the food and both planned and non-planned physical activity.	Carbohydrates	169-182	insulin	Homo sapiens	120-127
25576393-7	2015	Ppara-null mice presented increased expression of AACE in liver affecting AA, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	88-100	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	0-5
25733632-4	2015	However, the insulin dose is dictated solely by the carbohydrate content, even though postprandial glycemia is vastly influenced by glycemic index (GI).	Carbohydrates	52-64	insulin	Homo sapiens	13-20
25504030-2	2015	Dietary carbohydrate (CHO) modulates the genetic effect on insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	8-20	insulin	Homo sapiens	59-66
25601634-7	2015	We hypothesize that lipid metabolism alterations in subjects with the PROX1 CC genotype may be a primary cause of higher glucose levels after glucose load, since the fatty acids can inhibit insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by decreasing carbohydrate oxidation.	Carbohydrates	238-250	insulin	Homo sapiens	190-197
25576393-8	2015	Ppara-null mice had increased glucagon/insulin ratio (7.2-fold), higher serum urea (73.1 %), lower body protein content (19.7 %) and decreased several serum AA in response to a high-protein/low-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	194-206	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	0-5
25312836-1	2015	PURPOSE: The hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) regulates carbohydrate and lipid homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	68-80	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	21-48
25312836-1	2015	PURPOSE: The hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) regulates carbohydrate and lipid homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	68-80	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	50-56
25640820-5	2015	They have the ability to mimic longer natural HS saccharides in their inhibition of the Alzheimer"s disease (AD) protease BACE-1.	Carbohydrates	49-60	beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens	122-128
25486965-1	2015	Oral ingestion of carbohydrate triggers glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) secretion, but the molecular mechanism remains elusive.	Carbohydrates	18-30	glucagon	Homo sapiens	40-63
25486965-1	2015	Oral ingestion of carbohydrate triggers glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) secretion, but the molecular mechanism remains elusive.	Carbohydrates	18-30	glucagon	Homo sapiens	65-69
25567744-7	2015	This study shows that EPO can modulate substrate utilization during exercise, leading to enhanced fat utilization and lower use of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	131-144	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	22-25
25548261-6	2015	Our study provides replicable evidence that individuals with the CETP rs3764261 CC genotype might derive greater effects on raising HDL cholesterol and lowering triglycerides by choosing a low-carbohydrate/high-fat weight-loss diet instead of a low-fat diet.	Carbohydrates	193-205	cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens	65-69
25713331-1	2015	Dcpp2, Prrt1, and Has1 are plausible candidate genes for the Mnic1 (macronutrient intake-carbohydrate) locus on mouse chromosome 17, based on their map positions and sequence variants, documented expression in salivary glands, and the important role of saliva in oral food processing and taste.	Carbohydrates	89-101	macronutrient intake, carbohydrate 1	Mus musculus	61-66
25645575-5	2015	Moreover, dACC-putamen and dACC-aINS connectivity correlated with increased fat and decreased carbohydrate intake during the day following TSD, but not during the day following baseline sleep.	Carbohydrates	94-106	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase	Drosophila melanogaster	10-14
24608429-9	2015	These data suggest that SP-D reduces EGF binding to EGFR through the interaction between the carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-D and N-glycans of EGFR, and downregulates EGF signaling.	Carbohydrates	93-105	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	52-56
24608429-9	2015	These data suggest that SP-D reduces EGF binding to EGFR through the interaction between the carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-D and N-glycans of EGFR, and downregulates EGF signaling.	Carbohydrates	93-105	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	150-154
25645575-5	2015	Moreover, dACC-putamen and dACC-aINS connectivity correlated with increased fat and decreased carbohydrate intake during the day following TSD, but not during the day following baseline sleep.	Carbohydrates	94-106	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase	Drosophila melanogaster	27-31
25551803-7	2015	Dietary carbohydrate compared with unsaturated fat suppresses metabolic pathways mediated by apoE that are qualitatively similar to those suppressed in hypertriglyceridemia.	Carbohydrates	8-20	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	93-97
25406260-1	2015	This study was conducted to investigate whether a high-fat/high-carbohydrate (HFHC) meal induces an increase in plasma concentrations of glucagon, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), and CD26 expression in mononuclear cells (MNC) while reducing insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin, GIP, and GLP-1 concentrations.	Carbohydrates	64-76	insulin	Homo sapiens	243-250
25406260-1	2015	This study was conducted to investigate whether a high-fat/high-carbohydrate (HFHC) meal induces an increase in plasma concentrations of glucagon, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), and CD26 expression in mononuclear cells (MNC) while reducing insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin, GIP, and GLP-1 concentrations.	Carbohydrates	64-76	insulin	Homo sapiens	252-261
25406260-1	2015	This study was conducted to investigate whether a high-fat/high-carbohydrate (HFHC) meal induces an increase in plasma concentrations of glucagon, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), and CD26 expression in mononuclear cells (MNC) while reducing insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin, GIP, and GLP-1 concentrations.	Carbohydrates	64-76	insulin	Homo sapiens	263-273
25406260-1	2015	This study was conducted to investigate whether a high-fat/high-carbohydrate (HFHC) meal induces an increase in plasma concentrations of glucagon, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), and CD26 expression in mononuclear cells (MNC) while reducing insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin, GIP, and GLP-1 concentrations.	Carbohydrates	64-76	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	275-278
26020740-2	2015	Studies conducted in humans, in rodent models, and in vitro indicate that GLP-2 is secreted in response to the presence of molecules in the intestinal lumen, including fatty acids, carbohydrates, amino acids, and bile acids, which are detected by luminal chemosensors.	Carbohydrates	181-194	glucagon	Homo sapiens	74-79
25810884-13	2015	CONCLUSION: These findings show that decreased in islet insulin secretion may be related to increase in iNOS activity in islets, which follows impaired carbohydrate metabolism in aging.	Carbohydrates	152-164	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	104-108
25654672-1	2015	CONTEXT: Regulation of FGF-19 and FGF-21 by oral uptake of lipids and carbohydrates in healthy individuals is poorly characterized.	Carbohydrates	70-83	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	34-40
25450311-2	2015	The antigenic region of MAG is the human natural killer-1 (HNK-1) carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	66-78	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	59-64
25428988-2	2015	The reglucosylation of glycoproteins supports their rebinding to the carbohydrate-binding ER molecular chaperones calnexin and calreticulin.	Carbohydrates	69-81	calreticulin	Homo sapiens	127-139
25458830-9	2015	The 24 h glucose and insulin area responses decreased by 35% and 48% on day 3 of the carbohydrate-free diet, and by 49% and 69% after fasting.	Carbohydrates	85-97	insulin	Homo sapiens	21-28
25416978-10	2015	Our approach also allowed us to define some key interactions between the purified galectin and carbohydrate ligands that could well serve as an important landmark for designing new drug protocols for various cardiovascular and neurological disorders.	Carbohydrates	95-107	galectin-1	Capra hircus	82-90
25685364-0	2015	Acarbose, lente carbohydrate, and prebiotics promote metabolic health and longevity by stimulating intestinal production of GLP-1.	Carbohydrates	16-28	glucagon	Homo sapiens	124-129
25685364-5	2015	There is growing reason to suspect that an upregulation of fasting and postprandial production of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-stemming from increased delivery of carbohydrate to L cells in the distal intestinal tract-is largely responsible for the versatile health protection conferred by acarbose.	Carbohydrates	166-178	glucagon	Homo sapiens	98-121
25685364-5	2015	There is growing reason to suspect that an upregulation of fasting and postprandial production of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-stemming from increased delivery of carbohydrate to L cells in the distal intestinal tract-is largely responsible for the versatile health protection conferred by acarbose.	Carbohydrates	166-178	glucagon	Homo sapiens	123-128
26420199-1	2015	The objective of this study was to test how the genetic polymorphisms located within the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) locus would modulate the relationship between a diet high in carbohydrate and insulin resistance related traits in metabolic syndrome adults.	Carbohydrates	175-187	insulin	Homo sapiens	192-199
26420199-6	2015	Increased carbohydrate intakes were positively associated with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and insulin in rs328 G carriers but not CC homozygotes (p for interaction was 0.025).	Carbohydrates	10-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	118-125
25861075-11	2015	Compared to traditional protocols, patients undergoing fasting abbreviation with the administration of fluids containing carbohydrates had improvements in glycemic parameters (fasting glucose and insulin resistance), inflammatory markers (interleukin 6 and 10) and indicators of malnutrition (grip strength hand and CRP/albumin ratio), and shorter hospital stay.	Carbohydrates	121-134	insulin	Homo sapiens	196-203
25861075-11	2015	Compared to traditional protocols, patients undergoing fasting abbreviation with the administration of fluids containing carbohydrates had improvements in glycemic parameters (fasting glucose and insulin resistance), inflammatory markers (interleukin 6 and 10) and indicators of malnutrition (grip strength hand and CRP/albumin ratio), and shorter hospital stay.	Carbohydrates	121-134	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	239-259
26420199-6	2015	Increased carbohydrate intakes were positively associated with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and insulin in rs328 G carriers but not CC homozygotes (p for interaction was 0.025).	Carbohydrates	10-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	95-102
25906487-0	2015	Sebia Capillarys 2 versus the Helena Biosciences V8 capillary electrophoresis analyser for carbohydrate-deficient transferrin measurement: comparison and analytical evaluation.	Carbohydrates	91-103	transferrin	Homo sapiens	114-125
25906487-1	2015	This study compares two automated capillary electrophoresis (CE) systems, the Capillarys 2 (Sebia, Surrey, UK) and V8 (Helena Biosciences, Tyne and Wear, UK) for the measurement of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT).	Carbohydrates	181-193	transferrin	Homo sapiens	204-215
25220772-3	2015	The supplement decreased glucose levels in fly hemolymph, but at concentrations of 5-25 muM increased fly carbohydrate reserves: hemolymph trehalose and whole body trehalose and glycogen.	Carbohydrates	106-118	bicoid	Drosophila melanogaster	88-91
25305627-2	2015	In addition they can impair the use of Carbohydrate deficient Transferrin as a biomarker for chronic alcohol abuse, in which Asialo-Transferrin and Disialo-Transferrin are increased.	Carbohydrates	39-51	transferrin	Homo sapiens	62-73
25305627-2	2015	In addition they can impair the use of Carbohydrate deficient Transferrin as a biomarker for chronic alcohol abuse, in which Asialo-Transferrin and Disialo-Transferrin are increased.	Carbohydrates	39-51	transferrin	Homo sapiens	132-143
25305627-2	2015	In addition they can impair the use of Carbohydrate deficient Transferrin as a biomarker for chronic alcohol abuse, in which Asialo-Transferrin and Disialo-Transferrin are increased.	Carbohydrates	39-51	transferrin	Homo sapiens	132-143
25174925-2	2015	Natural products modulate the carbohydrate metabolism by various mechanisms, such as restoring beta-cells integrity and physiology, enhancing insulin releasing activity, and the glucose using.	Carbohydrates	30-42	insulin	Homo sapiens	142-149
25367374-6	2015	Here, we present newly obtained high-resolution structural data on carbohydrate-based dendrons in complex with hGal-7.	Carbohydrates	67-79	galectin 7	Homo sapiens	111-117
25151429-5	2015	Insulin therapy for diabetes and other early carbohydrate metabolism disorders may improve lung function and nutritional status of patients with cystic fibrosis.	Carbohydrates	45-57	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
26764306-1	2015	The peptide hormone insulin is central to regulating carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the body by controlling blood sugar levels.	Carbohydrates	53-65	insulin	Homo sapiens	20-27
25367374-8	2015	Understanding how these dendrimeric compounds interact with hGal-7 would help in the design of new tools to investigate the recognition of carbohydrates by lectins.	Carbohydrates	139-152	galectin 7	Homo sapiens	60-66
25853046-0	2015	Evaluation of effects of a preoperative 2-hour fast with glutamine and carbohydrate rich drink on insulin resistance in maxillofacial surgery.	Carbohydrates	71-83	insulin	Homo sapiens	98-105
26400665-12	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Considering the statistically significantly higher levels of I and IGF-1 and larger abdominal circumference of men with BPH and TT deficiency, it can be supposed that visceral obesity and carbohydrate disorders may contribute to the reduction of testosterone concentration.	Carbohydrates	201-213	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	80-85
25961051-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Hypoglycemia due to inadequate carbohydrate intake is a frequent complication of insulin treatment of diabetic in-patients.	Carbohydrates	43-55	insulin	Homo sapiens	93-100
25961051-8	2015	CONCLUSIONS: A nurse-managed protocol focusing on carbohydrate intake reduced the incidence of hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes receiving subcutaneous insulin in hospital.	Carbohydrates	50-62	insulin	Homo sapiens	157-164
25614824-4	2015	Two female patients with type 1 diabetes who began treatment with CSII required to increase their previous breakfast insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio in order to achieve postprandial glycemic goals.	Carbohydrates	128-140	insulin	Homo sapiens	117-124
27584808-0	2015	Reflex Testing for Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin (CDT) in Insurance Applicants with Elevated High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL).	Carbohydrates	19-31	transferrin	Homo sapiens	42-53
27584808-1	2015	Objectives .- Ascertain the utility of testing carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) levels in insurance applicants with elevated high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) levels.	Carbohydrates	47-59	transferrin	Homo sapiens	70-81
25527677-0	2015	A lower-carbohydrate, higher-fat diet reduces abdominal and intermuscular fat and increases insulin sensitivity in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	8-20	insulin	Homo sapiens	92-99
25527677-9	2015	As previously reported, among women with PCOS, the lower-carbohydrate arm showed decreased fasting insulin (-2.8 muIU/mL; P &lt; 0.001) and fasting glucose (-4.7 mg/dL; P &lt; 0.01) and increased insulin sensitivity (1.06 arbitrary units; P &lt; 0.05) and "dynamic" beta-cell response (96.1   10(9); P &lt; 0.001).	Carbohydrates	57-69	insulin	Homo sapiens	99-106
25527677-9	2015	As previously reported, among women with PCOS, the lower-carbohydrate arm showed decreased fasting insulin (-2.8 muIU/mL; P &lt; 0.001) and fasting glucose (-4.7 mg/dL; P &lt; 0.01) and increased insulin sensitivity (1.06 arbitrary units; P &lt; 0.05) and "dynamic" beta-cell response (96.1   10(9); P &lt; 0.001).	Carbohydrates	57-69	insulin	Homo sapiens	196-203
25527677-12	2015	Original to this report, after the lower-carbohydrate arm, the change in IAAT was positively associated with the change in tumor necrosis factor alpha (P &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	41-53	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	123-150
25853046-4	2015	RESULTS: Overall results suggest that Post-operative insulin resistance was greater in control patients (2.0 [0.3]) compared with the other 3 groups (placebo = 1.8 [0.9]); glutamine = (1.8 [0.6]); carbohydrate = (1.9 [0.6]).	Carbohydrates	197-209	insulin	Homo sapiens	53-60
25553410-0	2015	Preoperative oral carbohydrate improved postoperative insulin resistance in rats through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.	Carbohydrates	18-30	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	98-101
26155753-5	2015	Galectin-1 protein was highly expressed at the mid and late luteal stages in the membrane fraction of bovine CL tissue and was localized to the surface of LSCs in a carbohydrate-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	165-177	galectin 1	Bos taurus	0-10
26155753-7	2015	However, the viability of LSCs was decreased by addition of beta-lactose, a competitive carbohydrate inhibitor of galectin-1 binding activity.	Carbohydrates	88-100	galectin 1	Bos taurus	114-124
27024926-1	2015	Evaluation of effects caused by environmental peroral exposure to chlorine organic compounds revealed that individuals with AG variation of HTR2A gene are a community with increased sensitivity to chloroform and a risk group for lipid and carbohydrates metabolism disorders.	Carbohydrates	239-252	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens	140-145
25402728-3	2015	DC-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-Grabbing Nonintegrin (DC-SIGN), a C-type lectin expressed on DCs, recognizes certain carbohydrate structures which can be found on cancer cells.	Carbohydrates	131-143	CD209a antigen	Mus musculus	0-66
25753701-3	2015	The computerized approach based on the CASPER program can facilitate rapid structural determination of glycans with little user intervention, which results in the most probable primary structure of the investigated carbohydrate material.	Carbohydrates	215-227	CASP8 and FADD like apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	39-45
25753703-5	2015	Bacterial Carbohydrate Structure Database (Bacterial CSDB) was developed for provision of structural, bibliographic, taxonomic, NMR spectroscopic, and other related information on bacterial and archaeal carbohydrate structures.	Carbohydrates	10-22	Y-box binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	53-57
25753703-5	2015	Bacterial Carbohydrate Structure Database (Bacterial CSDB) was developed for provision of structural, bibliographic, taxonomic, NMR spectroscopic, and other related information on bacterial and archaeal carbohydrate structures.	Carbohydrates	203-215	Y-box binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	53-57
25753703-7	2015	Recently, CSDB has been expanded to cover carbohydrates of plant and fungal origin.	Carbohydrates	42-55	Y-box binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	10-14
25253131-7	2015	We provide one example where a pull-down assay with all the GST-tagged canine galectins reveals that the C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-9 (Gal-9C) specifically recognizes the glycan-dependent apical targeting signal from the glycoprotein MUC1.	Carbohydrates	116-128	galectin-9	Canis lupus familiaris	151-161
25402728-3	2015	DC-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-Grabbing Nonintegrin (DC-SIGN), a C-type lectin expressed on DCs, recognizes certain carbohydrate structures which can be found on cancer cells.	Carbohydrates	131-143	CD209a antigen	Mus musculus	68-75
26824817-5	2015	Carbohydrate and fat metabolic disturbances (obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and diabetes mellitus (DM)) have been found in 615 (34%) patients; every three patients have gastrointestinal diseases and comorbidity is absent in 24% of the patients.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	54-61
26615017-2	2015	In the light of these carbohydrate disorders a therapy with recombinant growth hormone (rGH) in TS may be associated with complications, as growth hormone has a diabetogenic potential.	Carbohydrates	22-34	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	72-86
26339120-6	2015	Systemin promotes the expression of an array of defense genes that are dependent on different signaling pathways and it downregulates genes connected with carbon fixation and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	175-187	systemin	Solanum lycopersicum	0-8
25423193-3	2015	Since 5-HT function may be slightly increased by carbohydrate consumption, S-allele 5-HTTLPR carriers in particular may benefit from a sugar-preload due to their enhanced 5-HT vulnerability.	Carbohydrates	49-61	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	84-92
25467079-2	2015	As a result, a wide variety of proteins, peptides, peptidomimetics, DNA, RNA, and carbohydrates were reported to be effective inhibitors of thrombin activities.	Carbohydrates	82-95	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	140-148
25514303-10	2014	RESULTS: At high dietary carbohydrate content, the low- compared with high-glycemic index level decreased insulin sensitivity from 8.9 to 7.1 units (-20%, P = .002); increased LDL cholesterol from 139 to 147 mg/dL (6%, P &lt;= .001); and did not affect levels of HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, or blood pressure.	Carbohydrates	25-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	106-113
25506938-3	2014	We hypothesized that carbohydrate, fat and protein differentially regulate tissue specific expression of nesfatin-1.	Carbohydrates	21-33	nucleobindin 2	Mus musculus	105-115
25506938-15	2014	High carbohydrate diet fed mice showed significantly elevated nesfatin-1 levels at 1 p.m. Serum nesfatin-1 was significantly lower in mice fed high fat, protein or carbohydrate compared to the controls at 7 p.m, just prior to the dark phase.	Carbohydrates	5-17	nucleobindin 2	Mus musculus	62-72
25506938-15	2014	High carbohydrate diet fed mice showed significantly elevated nesfatin-1 levels at 1 p.m. Serum nesfatin-1 was significantly lower in mice fed high fat, protein or carbohydrate compared to the controls at 7 p.m, just prior to the dark phase.	Carbohydrates	5-17	nucleobindin 2	Mus musculus	96-106
25506938-15	2014	High carbohydrate diet fed mice showed significantly elevated nesfatin-1 levels at 1 p.m. Serum nesfatin-1 was significantly lower in mice fed high fat, protein or carbohydrate compared to the controls at 7 p.m, just prior to the dark phase.	Carbohydrates	164-176	nucleobindin 2	Mus musculus	96-106
25277736-1	2014	Mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) regulates the delivery of carbohydrate-derived substrate to the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle and electron transport chain.	Carbohydrates	69-81	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	38-41
25474158-12	2014	The interaction between rPCN and TLR2 depended on carbohydrate recognition because it was affected by mutation of the receptor"s N-glycosylation sites.	Carbohydrates	50-62	plectin	Rattus norvegicus	24-28
25474158-12	2014	The interaction between rPCN and TLR2 depended on carbohydrate recognition because it was affected by mutation of the receptor"s N-glycosylation sites.	Carbohydrates	50-62	toll like receptor 2	Homo sapiens	33-37
25315695-7	2014	Furthermore, along with an increase in energy expenditure, surgically naive Mogat2(-/-) mice had altered macronutrient preference, shifting preference away from fat and toward carbohydrates, and increased locomotor activity.	Carbohydrates	176-189	monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2	Mus musculus	76-82
25239830-1	2014	Alpha 1, 2-fucosyltransferase (FUT 1/2) is a rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of Lewis y, a cell membrane-associated carbohydrate antigen.	Carbohydrates	134-146	fucosyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	0-29
25028392-3	2014	The mechanism of trehalose dimycolate binding to the C-type carbohydrate-recognition domain in human mincle has been investigated using a series of synthetic analogs of trehalose dimycolate and site-directed mutagenesis of the human protein.	Carbohydrates	60-72	C-type lectin domain family 4 member E	Homo sapiens	101-107
25028392-4	2014	The results support a mechanism of binding acylated trehalose derivatives to human mincle that is very similar to the mechanism of binding to bovine mincle, in which one glucose residue in the trehalose headgroup of the glycolipid is ligated to the principle Ca(2+)-binding site in the carbohydrate-recognition domain, with specificity for the disaccharide resulting from interactions with the second glucose residue.	Carbohydrates	286-298	C-type lectin domain family 4 member E	Homo sapiens	83-89
25028392-6	2014	The results indicate that the available crystal structure of the carbohydrate-recognition domain of human mincle is unlikely to be in a fully active conformation.	Carbohydrates	65-77	C-type lectin domain family 4 member E	Homo sapiens	106-112
25277736-2	2014	PDH activity at rest and its activation during exercise is attenuated following high-fat (HFAT) compared with high-carbohydrate (HCHO) diets.	Carbohydrates	115-127	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
25373842-0	2014	Filtered molasses concentrate from sugar cane: natural functional ingredient effective in lowering the glycaemic index and insulin response of high carbohydrate foods.	Carbohydrates	148-160	insulin	Homo sapiens	123-130
25101691-8	2014	The sap samples contained carbohydrate (0.01-11.71%), protein (1.56-1.95%), ash (0.22-0.35%), moisture (92.55-98.24%), and alcohol (0.26-3.50%).	Carbohydrates	26-38	amyloid P component, serum	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
25031038-10	2014	Maximum HK activities in each species are enough for carbohydrate flux through glycolysis to satisfy 100 % of hovering oxidative demand (step 3).	Carbohydrates	53-65	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	8-10
25231499-9	2014	The substitution of carbohydrates with protein in a frequent meal pattern results in tighter glycaemic control and reduced postprandial insulin responses.	Carbohydrates	20-33	insulin	Homo sapiens	136-143
25393688-9	2014	Carbohydrate intake also modulated CRP SNPs, as HbA1C and fasting glucose levels interacted with some SNPs to influence the CRP.	Carbohydrates	0-12	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	35-38
25393688-9	2014	Carbohydrate intake also modulated CRP SNPs, as HbA1C and fasting glucose levels interacted with some SNPs to influence the CRP.	Carbohydrates	0-12	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	124-127
25109619-3	2014	Research shows that carbohydrates from dairy and starch-based foods cause greater postprandial insulin secretion than carbohydrates from nonstarchy vegetables and fruits.	Carbohydrates	20-33	insulin	Homo sapiens	95-102
25716396-1	2014	INTRODUCTION: Adiponectin has an important role in the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates, and it also has a role in vascular biology.	Carbohydrates	80-93	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	14-25
25227633-1	2014	AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate different carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) assays for the detection of recurrent excessive alcohol abuse in adolescents prior to acute alcohol intoxication.	Carbohydrates	54-66	transferrin	Homo sapiens	77-88
25172172-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin measurement is currently used for the routine monitoring of excessive alcohol intake, thus playing a fundamental role in the management of alcohol consumption disorders as well as for medico-legal purposes.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
25091498-1	2014	Minutes after ingestion of fat or carbohydrates, vesicles stored in enteroendocrine cells release their content of incretin peptide hormones that, together with absorbed glucose, enhance insulin secretion by beta-pancreatic cells.	Carbohydrates	34-47	insulin	Homo sapiens	187-194
25176027-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Xenograft rejection of pigs organs with an engineered mutation in the GGTA-1 gene (GTKO) remains a predominantly antibody mediated process which is directed to a variety of non-Gal protein and carbohydrate antigens.	Carbohydrates	205-217	N-acetyllactosaminide alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase	Sus scrofa	82-88
25174965-1	2014	Classical Galactosaemia is a rare disorder of carbohydrate metabolism caused by a deficiency of galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT).	Carbohydrates	46-58	galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase	Homo sapiens	137-141
25280408-11	2014	CONCLUSION: Carbohydrate or glutamine supplementation shifts the T helper (Th)1/Th2 balance toward Th1 responses after exercise at a simulated altitude of 4500 m. The nutritional strategies increased in IL-6, suggesting an important anti-inflammatory effect.	Carbohydrates	12-24	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	203-207
25393982-4	2014	Here, we report that Gal-3 heterodimerizes Bax, mediated by the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of Gal-3, leading to anti-apoptotic characteristic.	Carbohydrates	64-76	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	43-46
25170079-2	2014	Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a hormone that is predominantly secreted by the liver, exerts a broad range of effects upon the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids.	Carbohydrates	147-160	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	0-27
25374779-6	2014	Taken together, these results suggest a stable suppression of GAPDH (possibly by some reversible posttranslational modification) during ground squirrel torpor, which likely contributes to the overall reduction in carbohydrate metabolism when these animals switch to lipid fuels during dormancy.	Carbohydrates	213-225	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Ictidomys tridecemlineatus	62-67
25170079-2	2014	Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a hormone that is predominantly secreted by the liver, exerts a broad range of effects upon the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids.	Carbohydrates	147-160	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	29-34
25213663-3	2014	A glycosyltransferase, beta1,4N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (B4GALNT2) that catalyzes Sd(a) carbohydrate synthesis, is silenced in cancer.	Carbohydrates	98-110	beta-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	23-65
24685714-10	2014	This is the first experimental evidence that a PAC domain, also found as an entire protein or a domain of AGP31 homologues, can bind carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	133-146	arabinogalactan protein 31	Arabidopsis thaliana	106-111
25330228-12	2014	The genes Decr2, Ppard and Agapt1 are more appealing candidates because of their involvement in lipid metabolism and down-regulation in carbohydrate-preferring animals.	Carbohydrates	136-148	peroxisome proliferator activator receptor delta	Mus musculus	17-22
25213663-3	2014	A glycosyltransferase, beta1,4N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (B4GALNT2) that catalyzes Sd(a) carbohydrate synthesis, is silenced in cancer.	Carbohydrates	98-110	beta-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	67-75
25213663-8	2014	Our results indicate that the transfer of a single gene encoding B4GALNT2 modified carbohydrate chains of cancer cells in vivo and decreased tumor dissemination and metastasis.	Carbohydrates	83-95	beta-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	65-73
25125347-0	2014	Combining serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and hair ethyl glucuronide to provide optimal information on alcohol use.	Carbohydrates	16-28	transferrin	Homo sapiens	39-50
25080538-5	2014	A higher intake of carbohydrates during puberty (P-trend = 0.005), particularly from higher-GI food sources (P-trend = 0.01), was prospectively related to higher concentrations of IL-6 in younger adulthood, independently of baseline BMI and early life, socioeconomic, and other nutritional factors.	Carbohydrates	19-32	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	180-184
25311816-2	2014	This alteration with addition of carbohydrate residue to human serum albumin leads to several pathological events such as diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy and cardiovascular complications.	Carbohydrates	33-45	albumin	Homo sapiens	63-76
25311816-4	2014	Structural and biological properties of functional albumin alter due to the addition of reducing carbohydrate to free amino terminal residues vivo.	Carbohydrates	97-109	albumin	Homo sapiens	51-58
25311816-8	2014	Impact of non-enzymatic addition of carbohydrate to albumin"s structural and biological properties has also been elaborated.	Carbohydrates	36-48	albumin	Homo sapiens	52-59
24763189-0	2014	New insights in carbohydrate-deficient transferrin analysis with capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry.	Carbohydrates	16-28	transferrin	Homo sapiens	39-50
24763189-1	2014	Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with UV detection has been widely used for the determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), an indirect marker of the chronic alcohol consumption (&gt;=60-80g/day).	Carbohydrates	101-113	transferrin	Homo sapiens	124-135
25325916-6	2014	However, a low-carbohydrate (ie, ketogenic) diet has been shown to reduce insulin resistance in patients with diabetes and may be considered for this subgroup of patients.	Carbohydrates	15-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	74-81
25080538-0	2014	Increased intake of carbohydrates from sources with a higher glycemic index and lower consumption of whole grains during puberty are prospectively associated with higher IL-6 concentrations in younger adulthood among healthy individuals.	Carbohydrates	20-33	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	170-174
25080538-9	2014	During puberty, a higher intake of carbohydrates from higher-GI food sources and lower whole-grain consumption prospectively predict greater IL-6 concentrations in young adulthood.	Carbohydrates	35-48	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	141-145
25259787-0	2014	Carbohydrate modified diet &amp; insulin sensitizers reduce body weight &amp; modulate metabolic syndrome measures in EMPOWIR (enhance the metabolic profile of women with insulin resistance): a randomized trial of normoglycemic women with midlife weight gain.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	33-40
24796977-0	2014	Effects of carbohydrate ingestion on acute leukocyte, cortisol, and interleukin-6 response in high-intensity long-distance running.	Carbohydrates	11-23	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	68-81
25173345-6	2014	We also elucidate a carbohydrate-recognition pathway that targets B cells to intestinal lymphoid tissues, defining CD22 as a lectin-homing receptor for mucosal HEVs.	Carbohydrates	20-32	CD22 molecule	Homo sapiens	115-119
24946948-5	2014	In addition, a family of scFv antibodies was identified by elution of phage libraries from the GII.4 VLP target using a carbohydrate that serves as an attachment factor for norovirus on human cells.	Carbohydrates	120-132	immunglobulin heavy chain variable region	Homo sapiens	25-29
24946948-7	2014	The HJT-R3-A9, HJT-R3-F7 and scFv antibodies identified with carbohydrate elution were shown to detect antigen from a clinical sample known to contain GII.4 norovirus but not a negative control sample.	Carbohydrates	61-73	immunglobulin heavy chain variable region	Homo sapiens	29-33
24875750-2	2014	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is also analysed in monitoring programmes in cases of alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
25259787-0	2014	Carbohydrate modified diet &amp; insulin sensitizers reduce body weight &amp; modulate metabolic syndrome measures in EMPOWIR (enhance the metabolic profile of women with insulin resistance): a randomized trial of normoglycemic women with midlife weight gain.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	171-178
25057908-4	2014	Here we describe the molecular basis of how glycation is linked to aggregation by applying a variety of complementary techniques to study the nonenzymatic glycation of hen lysozyme with ribose (ribosylation) as the reducing carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	224-236	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	172-180
25226279-0	2014	Improvement of insulin sensitivity by isoenergy high carbohydrate traditional Asian diet: a randomized controlled pilot feasibility study.	Carbohydrates	53-65	insulin	Homo sapiens	15-22
25005676-1	2014	BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Because both, glycemic index (GI) and carbohydrate content of the diet increase insulin levels and could thus impair fat oxidation, we hypothesized that refeeding a low GI, moderate-carbohydrate diet facilitates weight maintenance.	Carbohydrates	61-73	insulin	Homo sapiens	103-110
25121958-0	2014	Transition-state structure for the quintessential SN2 reaction of a carbohydrate: reaction of alpha-glucopyranosyl fluoride with azide ion in water.	Carbohydrates	68-80	solute carrier family 38 member 5	Homo sapiens	50-53
24769397-10	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Although their similarity in carbohydrate binding specificities is high, there seems to be some differences in the mode of substrate recognition between calmegin and calnexin.	Carbohydrates	42-54	calmegin	Homo sapiens	166-174
24863961-1	2014	OBJECTIVES: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin is a well-known biomarker widely used for detection of chronic excessive alcohol intake.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
24789701-2	2014	Among the mechanisms, our research group and others have demonstrated that the gut microbiota fermentation (i.e., bacterial digestion of specific compounds) of specific prebiotics or other non-digestible carbohydrates is associated with the secretion of enteroendocrine peptides, such as the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY), produced by L-cells.	Carbohydrates	204-217	glucagon	Homo sapiens	292-315
24969481-11	2014	Promoter SNPs of the HSD11B1 gene might exert a potential genetic protective role against the development of PCOS, possibly via their beneficial effect on carbohydrate homeostasis due to facilitation of insulin efflux from pancreatic beta-cells.	Carbohydrates	155-167	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	21-28
24969481-11	2014	Promoter SNPs of the HSD11B1 gene might exert a potential genetic protective role against the development of PCOS, possibly via their beneficial effect on carbohydrate homeostasis due to facilitation of insulin efflux from pancreatic beta-cells.	Carbohydrates	155-167	insulin	Homo sapiens	203-210
24789701-2	2014	Among the mechanisms, our research group and others have demonstrated that the gut microbiota fermentation (i.e., bacterial digestion of specific compounds) of specific prebiotics or other non-digestible carbohydrates is associated with the secretion of enteroendocrine peptides, such as the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY), produced by L-cells.	Carbohydrates	204-217	glucagon	Homo sapiens	317-322
24789701-2	2014	Among the mechanisms, our research group and others have demonstrated that the gut microbiota fermentation (i.e., bacterial digestion of specific compounds) of specific prebiotics or other non-digestible carbohydrates is associated with the secretion of enteroendocrine peptides, such as the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY), produced by L-cells.	Carbohydrates	204-217	peptide YY	Homo sapiens	328-338
24789701-2	2014	Among the mechanisms, our research group and others have demonstrated that the gut microbiota fermentation (i.e., bacterial digestion of specific compounds) of specific prebiotics or other non-digestible carbohydrates is associated with the secretion of enteroendocrine peptides, such as the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY), produced by L-cells.	Carbohydrates	204-217	peptide YY	Homo sapiens	340-343
24833598-8	2014	The results of the present study reveal that night-time consumption of protein or carbohydrate by sedentary overweight and obese women improves their appetite measures but negatively affects insulin levels.	Carbohydrates	82-94	insulin	Homo sapiens	191-198
24945728-2	2014	The present work reports the carbohydrate-dependent interaction of CD6 and CD166/ALCAM with Galectin-1 and -3, two well-known soluble mammalian lectins.	Carbohydrates	29-41	CD6 molecule	Homo sapiens	67-70
24993830-8	2014	The crystal complex reveals details about the mechanism of branch binding that explains the low activity of CrISA1 toward tightly spaced branches and reveals the presence of additional secondary surface carbohydrate binding sites.	Carbohydrates	203-215	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	108-114
25121931-3	2014	OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of preoperative carbohydrate treatment, compared with placebo or preoperative fasting, on postoperative recovery and insulin resistance in adult patients undergoing elective surgery.	Carbohydrates	50-62	insulin	Homo sapiens	151-158
25017943-2	2014	Here, we applied transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic approaches to preclinical models and provide evidence for tumor adaptation to vascular endothelial growth factor blockade through a metabolic shift toward carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in tumors.	Carbohydrates	215-227	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	138-172
24909344-2	2014	Two inactivated genes that make humans unique from pigs are GGTA1 and CMAH, the products of which produce the carbohydrate epitopes, aGal and Neu5Gc that attract preformed human antibody.	Carbohydrates	110-122	N-acetyllactosaminide alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase	Sus scrofa	60-65
24924994-3	2014	Adiponectin regulates carbohydrate metabolism, and may also regulate vascular homeostasis by affecting important signaling pathways in endothelial cells and modulating inflammatory responses in the subendothelial space.	Carbohydrates	22-34	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	0-11
24976257-0	2014	NMR evidence for oligosaccharide release from the dendritic-cell specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing non-integrin-related (CLEC4M) carbohydrate recognition domain at low pH.	Carbohydrates	147-159	C-type lectin domain family 4 member M	Homo sapiens	139-145
24976257-4	2014	In this work, we used NMR to explore whether the DC-SIGNR carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) shows any pH dependence in its ability to bind carbohydrates and Ca(2+) .	Carbohydrates	58-70	C-type lectin domain family 4 member M	Homo sapiens	49-57
24976257-4	2014	In this work, we used NMR to explore whether the DC-SIGNR carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) shows any pH dependence in its ability to bind carbohydrates and Ca(2+) .	Carbohydrates	143-156	C-type lectin domain family 4 member M	Homo sapiens	49-57
24941909-0	2014	Grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts ameliorate podocyte injury by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1alpha in low-dose streptozotocin-and high-carbohydrate/high-fat diet-induced diabetic rats.	Carbohydrates	182-194	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	78-145
24953560-1	2014	The histo blood group carbohydrate Sd(a) antigen and its cognate biosynthetic enzyme B4GALNT2 show the highest level of expression in normal colon.	Carbohydrates	22-34	beta-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	85-93
24780636-10	2014	The carbohydrate deficiency in certain pathological conditions may also expose hydrophobic surface which may modulate the function and/or stability of transferrin.	Carbohydrates	4-16	transferrin	Homo sapiens	151-162
24953560-8	2014	We showed that tissues expressing B4GALNT2 protein isoforms were able to induce Sd(a) and to inhibit sLe(x) expression; both of which are expressed mainly on PNGase F-insensitive carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	179-191	beta-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	34-42
24913063-10	2014	CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that Blmh interacts with diverse cellular processes--lipoprotein, amino acid and protein, carbohydrate, and energy metabolisms, detoxification, antioxidant defenses--that are essential for normal kidney homeostasis and that deregulation of these processes can account for the involvement of HHcy in kidney disease.	Carbohydrates	124-136	bleomycin hydrolase	Mus musculus	39-43
24221357-10	2014	The present findings suggest that IL-6 contributes to regulating the PDHa activity and hence carbohydrate oxidation, but the metabolic state of the muscle seems to determine the outcome of this regulation.	Carbohydrates	93-105	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	34-38
24952264-8	2014	MSF of the high-carbohydrate food elicited significantly higher insulin, and the high-protein food resulted in higher ghrelin compared to other test sessions.	Carbohydrates	16-28	insulin	Homo sapiens	64-71
24875870-5	2014	Concentrations of individual carbohydrates reached as high as 5.8 muM, with glucose and sucrose typically being the predominant species.	Carbohydrates	29-42	latexin	Homo sapiens	66-69
25101077-5	2014	Gangliosides perform important functions through carbohydrate-specific interactions with proteins, for example, as receptors in cell-cell recognition, which can be exploited by viruses and other pathogens, and also by regulating signaling proteins, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), through lateral interaction in the membrane.	Carbohydrates	49-61	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	261-293
25101077-5	2014	Gangliosides perform important functions through carbohydrate-specific interactions with proteins, for example, as receptors in cell-cell recognition, which can be exploited by viruses and other pathogens, and also by regulating signaling proteins, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), through lateral interaction in the membrane.	Carbohydrates	49-61	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	295-299
24845565-6	2014	LAMP1 has been shown to bind to Extracellular Matrix (ECM), Basement Membrane (BM) components and also to galectin-3 (via carbohydrates) which is known to get incorporated into the ECM and BM.	Carbohydrates	122-135	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	106-116
24879350-6	2014	Using transmission electron microscopy, carbohydrate analyses, and staining for beta-1,3-glucan, changing of C. albicans cell wall integrity was detected upon LL-37 treatment.	Carbohydrates	40-52	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	159-164
24488148-10	2014	CONCLUSION: Preoperative consumption of high carbohydrate drink (Pre-op) decreases insulin resistance and enhances patient comfort leading to lesser sense of hunger and thirst in the preoperative period in open radical retropubic prostatectomies.	Carbohydrates	45-57	insulin	Homo sapiens	83-90
24728127-8	2014	In a Cox proportional hazards model, a rate of insulin-stimulated carbohydrate oxidation lower than the mean rate at baseline predicted a higher risk for developing diabetes than for those above the mean (hazard rate ratio 2.2, 95% CI 1.3, 3.6, p = 0.002).	Carbohydrates	66-78	insulin	Homo sapiens	47-54
24611935-3	2014	The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of co-ingesting either intact or hydrolyzed protein with carbohydrate on postprandial plasma insulin and glucose responses in type 2 diabetes patients.	Carbohydrates	111-123	insulin	Homo sapiens	147-154
24737700-1	2014	High-resolution capillary zone electrophoresis in the routine arena with stringent quality assurance is employed for the determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in human serum.	Carbohydrates	138-150	transferrin	Homo sapiens	161-172
24737700-8	2014	This is the first account of a capillary zone electrophoresis based carbohydrate-deficient transferrin assay with a broad overview on transferrin isoform patterns associated with genetic transferrin variants.	Carbohydrates	68-80	transferrin	Homo sapiens	91-102
25097506-0	2014	Effects of recombinant human growth hormone therapy on carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolisms of children with Turner syndrome.	Carbohydrates	55-67	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	29-43
24920422-7	2014	Tailoring the macronutrient content to target specific cardiometabolic risk factors, such as a low-carbohydrate diet to treat insulin resistance, may be possible, but further research is needed before specific recommendations can be made.	Carbohydrates	99-111	insulin	Homo sapiens	126-133
25097506-1	2014	OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy on carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolisms of Turner syndrome (TS).	Carbohydrates	85-97	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	52-66
24966871-4	2014	Potential intervention targets are discussed within the insulin signaling and glycolysis pathways, both of which play critical roles in the carbohydrate and energy requirements of schistosomes.	Carbohydrates	140-152	insulin	Homo sapiens	56-63
24425442-0	2014	Crystal structures of carbohydrate recognition domain of blood dendritic cell antigen-2 (BDCA2) reveal a common domain-swapped dimer.	Carbohydrates	22-34	C-type lectin domain family 4 member C	Homo sapiens	57-87
24425442-0	2014	Crystal structures of carbohydrate recognition domain of blood dendritic cell antigen-2 (BDCA2) reveal a common domain-swapped dimer.	Carbohydrates	22-34	C-type lectin domain family 4 member C	Homo sapiens	89-94
24425442-1	2014	We report on crystal structures of a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of human C-type lectin receptor blood dendritic cell antigen-2 (BDCA2).	Carbohydrates	37-49	C-type lectin domain family 4 member C	Homo sapiens	107-137
24425442-1	2014	We report on crystal structures of a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of human C-type lectin receptor blood dendritic cell antigen-2 (BDCA2).	Carbohydrates	37-49	C-type lectin domain family 4 member C	Homo sapiens	139-144
24948737-3	2014	The HA complex recognizes E-cadherin with high specificity involving extensive intermolecular interactions and also binds to carbohydrates on the cell surface.	Carbohydrates	125-138	cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	26-36
24694381-1	2014	Contracting muscle releases interleukin-6 (IL-6) enabling the metabolic switch from carbohydrate to fat utilization.	Carbohydrates	84-96	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	28-41
24936252-1	2014	Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of deranged fat, protein and carbohydrate metabolism resulting in hyperglycemia as a result of insulin resistance and inadequate insulin secretion.	Carbohydrates	78-90	insulin	Homo sapiens	144-151
24694381-1	2014	Contracting muscle releases interleukin-6 (IL-6) enabling the metabolic switch from carbohydrate to fat utilization.	Carbohydrates	84-96	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	43-47
24105419-10	2014	Overall, these findings suggest that SK1 is a potential glucose-lowering agent that functions via inhibition of carbohydrate digestive enzyme activities and modulation of glucose-regulating enzyme activities in db/db mice.	Carbohydrates	112-124	skin antigen 1	Mus musculus	37-40
24548145-0	2014	CRY1 circadian gene variant interacts with carbohydrate intake for insulin resistance in two independent populations: Mediterranean and North American.	Carbohydrates	43-55	insulin	Homo sapiens	67-74
23549504-9	2014	However, 52% respondents reported adaptation of insulin dosage in relation to factors such as carbohydrate intake, glycaemia values or degree of physical activity.	Carbohydrates	94-106	insulin	Homo sapiens	48-55
24764143-7	2014	The results showed that DC-SIGN binds to CA-125 of fetal origin and that this interaction is carbohydrate-dependent.	Carbohydrates	93-105	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	24-31
24548145-6	2014	Cohort-specific interaction analyses showed significant interactions between the CRY1 variant and dietary carbohydrates for insulin resistance in both populations (p &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	106-119	insulin	Homo sapiens	124-131
24703727-4	2014	The intake of carbohydrate-rich drinks 2-4h prior to surgery reduces insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	14-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	69-76
24548145-7	2014	Findings from the meta-analyses of carbohydrate-single nucleotide polymorphism interactions indicated that an increase in carbohydrate intake (% of energy intake) was associated with a significant increase in HOMA-IR (p = 0.011), fasting insulin (p = 0.007) and a decrease in QUICKI (p = 0.028), only among individuals homozygous for the minor C allele.	Carbohydrates	122-134	insulin	Homo sapiens	238-245
25212013-5	2014	Due to unique characters of ldlD-14 cells, carbohydrate chain of NCAM molecule can be easily manipulated with or without adding galactose in the serum free medium, and this modification can provide the basis for further studies on the effect of glycosylation on NCAM molecular function.	Carbohydrates	43-55	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	65-69
24684237-5	2014	The predicted targets of these miRNAs are clearly enriched in genes involved in heparan-sulfate biosynthesis, extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, carbohydrate digestion and absorption, p53 signaling, and cytokine-cytokine-receptor interaction.	Carbohydrates	153-165	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	192-195
24007934-0	2014	Insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function after carbohydrate oral loading in hip replacement surgery: a double-blind, randomised controlled clinical trial.	Carbohydrates	49-61	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
24007934-3	2014	We investigated the effects of carbohydrate loading on insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function after elective hip replacement.	Carbohydrates	31-43	insulin	Homo sapiens	55-62
24007934-10	2014	CONCLUSIONS: The patients randomised to the carbohydrate oral fluid or the water prior to the surgery demonstrated a significant but similar decrease in insulin sensitivity.	Carbohydrates	44-56	insulin	Homo sapiens	153-160
24007934-11	2014	The carbohydrates increased the beta-cell function as a compensatory response to the disposition index, resulting in a smaller reduction in surgery-induced insulin resistance compared to the tap water.	Carbohydrates	4-17	insulin	Homo sapiens	156-163
25020167-1	2014	Studying of apelin"s activity corresponding to pronunciation of carbohydrate disorders was provided in 136 patients with essential hypertension.	Carbohydrates	64-76	apelin	Homo sapiens	12-18
25020167-5	2014	Significant correlations of apelin with components of carbohydrate pool dedicate that apelin takes part in the development of gluco-metabolic disorders in essential hypertension.	Carbohydrates	54-66	apelin	Homo sapiens	28-34
25020167-5	2014	Significant correlations of apelin with components of carbohydrate pool dedicate that apelin takes part in the development of gluco-metabolic disorders in essential hypertension.	Carbohydrates	54-66	apelin	Homo sapiens	86-92
24667247-2	2014	The beta-cell is an intricately designed cell type that couples metabolism of dietary sources of carbohydrates, amino acids and lipids to insulin secretory mechanisms, such that insulin release occurs at appropriate times to ensure efficient nutrient uptake and storage by target tissues.	Carbohydrates	97-110	insulin	Homo sapiens	178-185
25212013-5	2014	Due to unique characters of ldlD-14 cells, carbohydrate chain of NCAM molecule can be easily manipulated with or without adding galactose in the serum free medium, and this modification can provide the basis for further studies on the effect of glycosylation on NCAM molecular function.	Carbohydrates	43-55	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	262-266
24966944-0	2014	Lectin histochemistry reveals SNA as a prognostic carbohydrate-dependent probe for invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical auxiliary tool.	Carbohydrates	50-62	snail family transcriptional repressor 1	Homo sapiens	30-33
24885510-0	2014	Diagnostic sensitivity of carbohydrate deficient transferrin in heavy drinkers.	Carbohydrates	26-38	transferrin	Homo sapiens	49-60
24885510-1	2014	BACKGROUND AND AIM: Carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) is the most specific serum biomarker of heavy alcohol consumption, defined as &gt;= 350-420 g alcohol/week.	Carbohydrates	20-32	transferrin	Homo sapiens	43-54
24334515-5	2014	RESULTS: Ketone bodies and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin levels were increased in all cases.	Carbohydrates	27-39	transferrin	Homo sapiens	50-61
24716820-8	2014	A similar trend was seen in changes in insulin-to-carbohydrate ratios.	Carbohydrates	50-62	insulin	Homo sapiens	39-46
24604735-10	2014	These findings suggest that NtCOI1 functions upstream of NtMYB305 and plays a fundamental role in coordinating plant primary carbohydrate metabolism and correlative physiological processes.	Carbohydrates	125-137	myb-related protein 305-like	Nicotiana tabacum	57-65
24172719-12	2014	Carbohydrate and caffeine consumption before endurance cycling significantly increased the IL-6 release and leukocytosis, and the additional ingredients in ED seem to have further augmented these responses.	Carbohydrates	0-12	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	91-95
24743161-6	2014	CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our results showed that the recombinant protein reproduced the biological properties described for the native protein-including binding to laminin in a manner that is dependent on carbohydrate recognition-showed N-acetylglucosaminidase activity, and stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages to produce high levels of TNF-alpha and nitric oxide.	Carbohydrates	206-218	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	343-352
24865177-1	2014	MitoNEET is an outer mitochondrial membrane protein that, upon overexpression in white adipose tissue (WAT), exerts a positive impact on tissue expansion and whole-body lipid and carbohydrate homeostasis by altering mitochondrial matrix iron metabolism.	Carbohydrates	179-191	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1	Mus musculus	0-8
24858952-12	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Heavily reducing rapid-acting insulin dose with a carbohydrate bolus before, and a meal after intensive running exercise may cause hyperglycaemia, but does not augment ketonaemia, raise inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-6 above fasting levels, or cause other adverse metabolic or hormonal disturbances.	Carbohydrates	63-75	insulin	Homo sapiens	43-50
24858952-12	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Heavily reducing rapid-acting insulin dose with a carbohydrate bolus before, and a meal after intensive running exercise may cause hyperglycaemia, but does not augment ketonaemia, raise inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-6 above fasting levels, or cause other adverse metabolic or hormonal disturbances.	Carbohydrates	63-75	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	236-240
24799671-5	2014	SEX4 binds maltoheptaose via a continuous binding pocket and active site that spans both the carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) and the dual-specificity phosphatase (DSP) domain.	Carbohydrates	93-105	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-4
24616092-1	2014	Carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) is a transcription factor responsible for carbohydrate metabolism in the liver.	Carbohydrates	97-109	MLX interacting protein-like	Rattus norvegicus	0-45
24616092-1	2014	Carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) is a transcription factor responsible for carbohydrate metabolism in the liver.	Carbohydrates	97-109	MLX interacting protein-like	Rattus norvegicus	47-53
25513656-0	2014	Proceedings of the 17th European Carbohydrate Symposium, July 7-11, 2013, Tel-Aviv, Jerusalem.	Carbohydrates	33-45	ETS variant transcription factor 6	Homo sapiens	74-77
23981186-5	2014	RESULTS: Throughout pregnancy, the carbohydrate-to-insulin ratio decreased at all three main meals.	Carbohydrates	35-47	insulin	Homo sapiens	51-58
23981186-6	2014	The most pronounced decrease was observed at breakfast, where the carbohydrate-to-insulin ratio was reduced, from median 12 (range 4-20) in early pregnancy to 3 (2-10) g carbohydrate per unit insulin in late pregnancy.	Carbohydrates	66-78	insulin	Homo sapiens	82-89
23981186-6	2014	The most pronounced decrease was observed at breakfast, where the carbohydrate-to-insulin ratio was reduced, from median 12 (range 4-20) in early pregnancy to 3 (2-10) g carbohydrate per unit insulin in late pregnancy.	Carbohydrates	66-78	insulin	Homo sapiens	192-199
23981186-6	2014	The most pronounced decrease was observed at breakfast, where the carbohydrate-to-insulin ratio was reduced, from median 12 (range 4-20) in early pregnancy to 3 (2-10) g carbohydrate per unit insulin in late pregnancy.	Carbohydrates	170-182	insulin	Homo sapiens	82-89
23981186-6	2014	The most pronounced decrease was observed at breakfast, where the carbohydrate-to-insulin ratio was reduced, from median 12 (range 4-20) in early pregnancy to 3 (2-10) g carbohydrate per unit insulin in late pregnancy.	Carbohydrates	170-182	insulin	Homo sapiens	192-199
23981186-9	2014	CONCLUSIONS: In women with type 1 diabetes on insulin pump therapy with a bolus calculator, the carbohydrate-to-insulin ratio declined 4-fold from early to late pregnancy, whereas changes in basal insulin delivery were smaller.	Carbohydrates	96-108	insulin	Homo sapiens	46-53
23981186-9	2014	CONCLUSIONS: In women with type 1 diabetes on insulin pump therapy with a bolus calculator, the carbohydrate-to-insulin ratio declined 4-fold from early to late pregnancy, whereas changes in basal insulin delivery were smaller.	Carbohydrates	96-108	insulin	Homo sapiens	112-119
23981186-9	2014	CONCLUSIONS: In women with type 1 diabetes on insulin pump therapy with a bolus calculator, the carbohydrate-to-insulin ratio declined 4-fold from early to late pregnancy, whereas changes in basal insulin delivery were smaller.	Carbohydrates	96-108	insulin	Homo sapiens	112-119
24464185-1	2014	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a nuclear hormone receptor that regulates a number of genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	146-158	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-48
24464185-1	2014	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a nuclear hormone receptor that regulates a number of genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	146-158	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	50-59
24787031-3	2014	Carbohydrate feedings prior to endurance exercise are common and have generally been shown to enhance performance, despite increasing insulin levels and reducing fat oxidation.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	134-141
24508628-1	2014	CASE REPORT: In a routine company health check-up, a 32-year-old woman presented a highly elevated serum level of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), a biomarker for excessive alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	114-126	transferrin	Homo sapiens	137-148
24631362-1	2014	Seleno-lactoses have been successfully synthesized as candidates for mimicking carbohydrate ligands for human galectin-9 N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain (NCRD).	Carbohydrates	79-91	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	110-120
24718641-5	2014	In adult mice fed for three mo a normal Ca2+ diet, renal expression of CYP27B1 and of CYP24A1 (24-hydroxylase) decreased and increased, respectively, when the carbohydrate source was fructose instead of glucose or starch.	Carbohydrates	159-171	cytochrome P450, family 27, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	71-78
24068295-4	2014	Adiponectin is an important factor involved in the regulation of both carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	70-82	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	0-11
24631362-1	2014	Seleno-lactoses have been successfully synthesized as candidates for mimicking carbohydrate ligands for human galectin-9 N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain (NCRD).	Carbohydrates	132-144	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	110-120
24907169-11	2014	CONCLUSION: Our data showed that the low body weight and high carbohydrate intake are associated with increased insulin requirement.	Carbohydrates	62-74	insulin	Homo sapiens	112-119
24262589-6	2014	However, although weight loss is beneficial in NAFLD, certain diets known to induce weight loss can actually cause or exacerbate this disease, and therefore induce insulin resistance, such as very low carbohydrate, high fat diets.	Carbohydrates	201-213	insulin	Homo sapiens	164-171
24461623-10	2014	CONCLUSION: Consumption of a carbohydrate rich meal is associated with a rise in TG and fall in TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, IL-6 and TNF-alpha among normal individuals and people with type 2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	29-41	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	114-118
24461623-10	2014	CONCLUSION: Consumption of a carbohydrate rich meal is associated with a rise in TG and fall in TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, IL-6 and TNF-alpha among normal individuals and people with type 2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	29-41	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	123-132
24907169-12	2014	The clinical implications of our study are to check the carbohydrate intake in patients with high insulin requirement.	Carbohydrates	56-68	insulin	Homo sapiens	98-105
23934358-1	2014	The markers of endothelial dysfunction, including soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin), are related to insulin resistance, which is associated with metabolic inflexibility, i.e., impaired stimulation of carbohydrate oxidation and impaired inhibition of lipid oxidation by insulin.	Carbohydrates	199-211	insulin	Homo sapiens	99-106
24556146-4	2014	The designed glycomimetics were evaluated by in vitro assay of the isolated DC-SIGN extracellular domain for their ability to compete with HIV-1 gp120 for binding to the DC-SIGN carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	178-190	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	76-83
24470469-1	2014	Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD9) is an adaptor molecule signal that is critical for NF-kappaB activation and is triggered through C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), which are pattern recognition receptors that recognize carbohydrate structures.	Carbohydrates	240-252	caspase recruitment domain family, member 9	Mus musculus	49-54
24319286-1	2014	Heparanase is an endo-beta-glucuronidase that specifically cleaves the saccharide chains of HSPGs, important structural and functional components of the ECM.	Carbohydrates	71-81	heparanase	Homo sapiens	0-10
24641504-7	2014	Colocalization of S5D-SRCRB with galectin-3 (Gal-3) was also observed in kidney and bladder, but not in testis, supporting concurrent biochemical studies demonstrating the carbohydrate-dependent interaction of Gal-3 and S5D-SRCRB.	Carbohydrates	172-184	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	33-43
24641504-7	2014	Colocalization of S5D-SRCRB with galectin-3 (Gal-3) was also observed in kidney and bladder, but not in testis, supporting concurrent biochemical studies demonstrating the carbohydrate-dependent interaction of Gal-3 and S5D-SRCRB.	Carbohydrates	172-184	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	45-50
24641504-7	2014	Colocalization of S5D-SRCRB with galectin-3 (Gal-3) was also observed in kidney and bladder, but not in testis, supporting concurrent biochemical studies demonstrating the carbohydrate-dependent interaction of Gal-3 and S5D-SRCRB.	Carbohydrates	172-184	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	210-215
24783736-2	2014	However, in some patients, a deregulation in carbohydrate metabolism between insulin secretion and sensitivity is observed, whereupon early and late dumping happen.	Carbohydrates	45-57	insulin	Homo sapiens	77-84
24286115-6	2014	Insulin dose was calculated using participants" insulin-to-carbohydrate ratios.	Carbohydrates	59-71	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
24470469-1	2014	Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD9) is an adaptor molecule signal that is critical for NF-kappaB activation and is triggered through C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), which are pattern recognition receptors that recognize carbohydrate structures.	Carbohydrates	240-252	caspase recruitment domain family, member 9	Mus musculus	0-47
24525311-3	2014	Recent reports suggest that LMWH could modify lipid and carbohydrate metabolism by diminishing TNFalpha-mediated inflammatory response.	Carbohydrates	56-68	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	95-103
24690159-4	2014	RESULTS: After dietary intervention, we observed significant interactions between the APOA5 -1131 T &gt; C polymorphism and carbohydrate sources (whole grains and legumes versus refined rice) in the determination of mean percent changes in triglyceride and apoA-V (P interactions &lt;0.001 and =0.038, respectively).	Carbohydrates	124-136	apolipoprotein A5	Homo sapiens	86-91
24690159-7	2014	CONCLUSIONS: The data showed that the magnitude of the genetic effect of the APOA5 -1131C variant on triglyceride and apoA-V levels was modulated when substituting consumption of whole grains and legumes for refined rice as a carbohydrate source in IFG or diabetic subjects.	Carbohydrates	226-238	apolipoprotein A5	Homo sapiens	77-82
24556146-4	2014	The designed glycomimetics were evaluated by in vitro assay of the isolated DC-SIGN extracellular domain for their ability to compete with HIV-1 gp120 for binding to the DC-SIGN carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	178-190	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	170-177
24374061-3	2014	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), a nuclear receptor and ligand-dependent transcription factor, regulates pathways of inflammation, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, antioxidant defences and mitochondrial biogenesis.	Carbohydrates	170-182	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-48
25309634-1	2014	PI3Kalpha, a heterodimeric lipid kinase, catalyzes the conversion of phosphoinositide-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) to phosphoinositide-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3), a lipid that recruits to the plasma membrane proteins that regulate signaling cascades that control key cellular processes such as cell proliferation, carbohydrate metabolism, cell motility, and apoptosis.	Carbohydrates	309-321	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9
24374061-3	2014	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), a nuclear receptor and ligand-dependent transcription factor, regulates pathways of inflammation, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, antioxidant defences and mitochondrial biogenesis.	Carbohydrates	170-182	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	50-59
24239607-3	2014	The carbohydrate specificity of dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR), another DC-expressed lectin, was still debated, but we have recently confirmed DCIR as mannose/fucose-binding lectin.	Carbohydrates	4-16	C-type lectin domain family 4 member A	Homo sapiens	32-61
24239607-3	2014	The carbohydrate specificity of dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR), another DC-expressed lectin, was still debated, but we have recently confirmed DCIR as mannose/fucose-binding lectin.	Carbohydrates	4-16	C-type lectin domain family 4 member A	Homo sapiens	63-67
24352591-1	2014	The human natural killer-1 (HNK-1) carbohydrate comprising a sulfated trisaccharide (HSO3-3GlcAbeta1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-) is expressed on N-linked and O-mannose-linked glycans in the nervous system and involved in learning and memory functions.	Carbohydrates	35-47	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	28-33
24239607-4	2014	Since DC-SIGN and DCIR may potentially share ligands, we set out to elucidate the interaction of DCIR with established DC-SIGN-binding ligands, by comparing the carbohydrate specificity of DCIR and DC-SIGN in more detail.	Carbohydrates	161-173	C-type lectin domain family 4 member A	Homo sapiens	97-101
24591844-12	2014	Reduced energy intake for persons with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes as well as matching insulin to planned carbohydrate intake are intervention to be considered.	Carbohydrates	109-121	insulin	Homo sapiens	90-97
24239607-4	2014	Since DC-SIGN and DCIR may potentially share ligands, we set out to elucidate the interaction of DCIR with established DC-SIGN-binding ligands, by comparing the carbohydrate specificity of DCIR and DC-SIGN in more detail.	Carbohydrates	161-173	C-type lectin domain family 4 member A	Homo sapiens	97-101
24571498-0	2014	Determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in a Han Chinese population.	Carbohydrates	17-29	transferrin	Homo sapiens	40-51
24571498-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is a widely used alcohol biomarker.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
24328184-1	2014	Insulin has so far been the most important pharmaceutical peptide for diabetes treatment, assisting to regulate carbohydrate and fat metabolism in patients.	Carbohydrates	112-124	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
24627727-0	2014	False negativity to carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and drugs: a clinical case.	Carbohydrates	20-32	transferrin	Homo sapiens	43-54
24843736-0	2014	Diurnal variation of carbohydrate insulin ratio in adult type 1 diabetic patients treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion.	Carbohydrates	21-33	insulin	Homo sapiens	34-41
24843736-0	2014	Diurnal variation of carbohydrate insulin ratio in adult type 1 diabetic patients treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion.	Carbohydrates	21-33	insulin	Homo sapiens	119-126
24843736-1	2014	To estimate the carbohydrate-to-insulin ratio (CIR), a formula dividing a constant, usually 300-500, by the total daily dose (TDD) of insulin, is widely utilized.	Carbohydrates	16-28	insulin	Homo sapiens	32-39
24843736-1	2014	To estimate the carbohydrate-to-insulin ratio (CIR), a formula dividing a constant, usually 300-500, by the total daily dose (TDD) of insulin, is widely utilized.	Carbohydrates	16-28	insulin	Homo sapiens	134-141
24505439-1	2014	The expression of N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) and the cytotoxic T cell (CT) carbohydrate can impact the severity of muscular dystrophy arising from the loss of dystrophin in mdx mice.	Carbohydrates	83-95	dystrophin, muscular dystrophy	Mus musculus	167-177
24315778-11	2014	Percentage of energy from carbohydrate was inversely associated with CRP.	Carbohydrates	26-38	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	69-72
24415067-1	2014	Improper eating habits such as high-fat or high-carbohydrate diets are responsible for metabolic changes resulting in impaired glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and ultimately diabetes.	Carbohydrates	48-60	insulin	Homo sapiens	151-158
24485215-9	2014	The intensification of insulin treatment leading to new daily challenges (e.g. carbohydrates counting, increase of hypoglycemia) could contribute to the adoption of poor lifestyle habits.	Carbohydrates	79-92	insulin	Homo sapiens	23-30
23591152-6	2014	Protein to carbohydrate ratio correlated negatively with pre-meal glucose due to improved efficacy of insulin action rather than to increased insulin concentrations.	Carbohydrates	11-23	insulin	Homo sapiens	102-109
24347529-3	2014	Strategies to minimize hyperglycemia and insulin resistance by aggressive preoperative nutrition and carbohydrate loading may promote maintenance of a perioperative anabolic state, improving healing, reducing complications, and shortening the time to recovery of bowel function and hospital discharge.	Carbohydrates	101-113	insulin	Homo sapiens	41-48
23983100-5	2014	The IGT group also oxidized less carbohydrate during insulin infusion than NGT (P &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	33-45	insulin	Homo sapiens	53-60
23674813-7	2014	There is evidence that hyperinsulinemia-euglycemia therapy is superior to other therapies for CCB poisoning, and the mechanism is thought to be the insulin-mediated active transport of glucose into the cells, which counters the CCB-induced intra-cellular carbohydrate-deficient state.	Carbohydrates	255-267	insulin	Homo sapiens	28-35
25735859-3	2014	Existing biomarkers for detecting alcohol misuse include measurement of blood or urine ethanol for acute alcohol consumption, and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and gamma-glutamyl transferase for chronic alcohol misuse.	Carbohydrates	130-142	transferrin	Homo sapiens	153-164
23880340-7	2014	The replacement of available carbohydrates with PDX or SCF reduced the peak glucose response, which was accompanied by reduced postprandial insulin responses.	Carbohydrates	29-42	insulin	Homo sapiens	140-147
24247980-1	2014	We investigated the phosphorylation signatures of two Rab-GTPase activating proteins TBC1D1 and TBC1D4 in human skeletal muscle in response to physical exercise and physiological insulin levels induced by a carbohydrate rich meal using a paired experimental design.	Carbohydrates	207-219	insulin	Homo sapiens	179-186
24741738-0	2014	Somatropin (Genotropin) (0.15 mg/day to 0.3 mg/day): Replacement of Endogenous Growth Hormone in Adults with Growth Hormone Deficiency Growth hormone (GH) plays a role in the regulation of protein, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism during adult life.	Carbohydrates	209-221	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	79-93
24741738-0	2014	Somatropin (Genotropin) (0.15 mg/day to 0.3 mg/day): Replacement of Endogenous Growth Hormone in Adults with Growth Hormone Deficiency Growth hormone (GH) plays a role in the regulation of protein, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism during adult life.	Carbohydrates	209-221	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	135-149
24741738-0	2014	Somatropin (Genotropin) (0.15 mg/day to 0.3 mg/day): Replacement of Endogenous Growth Hormone in Adults with Growth Hormone Deficiency Growth hormone (GH) plays a role in the regulation of protein, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism during adult life.	Carbohydrates	209-221	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	151-153
24438112-10	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Of all routinely used indirect alcohol markers, percentage of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin is the major predictor of recidivism of drunk-driving.	Carbohydrates	75-87	transferrin	Homo sapiens	98-109
25151392-2	2014	Each GSL contains a complex carbohydrate chain linked to a ceramide moiety that anchors the molecule to biomembranes.	Carbohydrates	28-40	cathepsin A	Homo sapiens	5-8
25528933-10	2014	CONCLUSIONS: An increased level of AdipoQ after delivery in the comparison to women with GDM may be a marker for reversibility of carbohydrate metabolism disorders, while a negative correlation between AdipoQ and glucose levels suggests that this parameter may be a predictor In the future of disturbances in glucose tolerance in women with GDM.	Carbohydrates	130-142	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	35-41
24085030-1	2014	AIM: Glycosylation of serum proteins is affected with prolonged heavy drinking, and carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) is well established and highly specific biomarker of sustained alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	84-96	transferrin	Homo sapiens	107-118
24154730-0	2014	Comparison of ethyl glucuronide and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in different body fluids for post-mortem identification of alcohol use.	Carbohydrates	36-48	transferrin	Homo sapiens	59-70
24154730-3	2014	METHODS: We compared ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) assays from serum, urine, cerebrospinal fluid and vitreous humor in a forensic autopsy population with either a positive (n = 38) or negative (n = 22) history of alcohol abuse based on detailed medical and police records and forensic toxicological investigations.	Carbohydrates	49-61	transferrin	Homo sapiens	72-83
24417824-3	2014	A systematic review was undertaken to analyse the effect of preoperative carbohydrate loading on insulin resistance, gastric emptying, gastric acidity, patient wellbeing, immunity and nutrition following surgery.	Carbohydrates	73-85	insulin	Homo sapiens	97-104
24779289-0	2014	Effects of the C161T polymorphism in the gene of peroxisome proliferators activated receptor gamma on changes of plasma lipid and apolipoprotein ratios induced by a high carbohydrate diet in a healthy Chinese Han young population.	Carbohydrates	170-182	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	49-98
24417824-7	2014	Preoperative carbohydrate drinks significantly improved insulin resistance and indices of patient comfort following surgery, especially hunger, thirst, malaise, anxiety and nausea.	Carbohydrates	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	56-63
25097857-1	2014	BACKGROUND: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) protein always involve disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	141-153	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	12-40
25097857-1	2014	BACKGROUND: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) protein always involve disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	141-153	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	42-46
25164450-3	2014	However, supplementation of carbohydrates before surgery attenuates the post-operative insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	28-41	insulin	Homo sapiens	87-94
25057488-6	2014	In animals fed with Aronia juice supplemented with carbohydrates or fat, statistically significant increase in the PON activity and the decrease in the CAT activity in brain tissue were observed.	Carbohydrates	51-64	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	152-155
25744420-1	2014	Thyroid and glucocorticoid hormones and several transcriptional factors such as caudal type homeobox (CDX)-2 and hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-1alpha are important for the differentiation of small intestinal absorptive cells and the consequent expression of genes related to the digestion/absorption of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	305-318	caudal type homeo box 2	Rattus norvegicus	80-108
25068589-8	2014	The secretion of the cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha was shown to be chemistry-dependent upon stimulation with carbohydrate-functionalized nanoparticles.	Carbohydrates	108-120	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	31-35
25068589-8	2014	The secretion of the cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha was shown to be chemistry-dependent upon stimulation with carbohydrate-functionalized nanoparticles.	Carbohydrates	108-120	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	40-49
23956030-9	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Maternal leukocyte ADORA2B overexpression is associated with hyperglycemia in GDM subjects, and it is accompanied by complex alterations in the expression of diabetes-related genes involved in insulin action, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation.	Carbohydrates	222-234	adenosine A2b receptor	Homo sapiens	32-39
24426184-3	2014	The postprandial glucose and insulin levels decreased significantly when the patients ate vegetables before carbohydrates compared to the reverse regimen, and the improvement of glycemic control was observed for 2.5 y.	Carbohydrates	108-121	insulin	Homo sapiens	29-36
25359230-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hormone involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids.	Carbohydrates	91-104	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	12-39
25359230-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hormone involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids.	Carbohydrates	91-104	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	41-46
25477716-0	2014	Excessive refined carbohydrates and scarce micronutrients intakes increase inflammatory mediators and insulin resistance in prepubertal and pubertal obese children independently of obesity.	Carbohydrates	18-31	insulin	Homo sapiens	102-109
24404861-5	2014	A beneficial effect on the contribution of lipid (0.06 g   min(-1), +-0.06) and carbohydrate (-0.23 g   min(-1), +-0.14) oxidation was observed during sub-maximal exercise, but not for the maximal rate of fat oxidation (0.04 g   min(-1), +-0.08).	Carbohydrates	80-92	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	104-110
24404861-5	2014	A beneficial effect on the contribution of lipid (0.06 g   min(-1), +-0.06) and carbohydrate (-0.23 g   min(-1), +-0.14) oxidation was observed during sub-maximal exercise, but not for the maximal rate of fat oxidation (0.04 g   min(-1), +-0.08).	Carbohydrates	80-92	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	104-110
25226796-1	2014	Type 2 diabetes mellitus and its precursor, insulin resistance, are metabolic disease states characterized by impaired regulation in the delivery, transport, and/or storage of energy substrates (primarily carbohydrate- and fat-based fuels).	Carbohydrates	205-217	insulin	Homo sapiens	44-51
25477716-11	2014	Determinants of insulin resistance were carbohydrates intake and circulating magnesium and adiponectin.	Carbohydrates	40-53	insulin	Homo sapiens	16-23
25477716-12	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Magnesium-deficient diets are determinants of inflammation, while high intake of refined carbohydrates is a risk factor for insulin resistance, independently of central adiposity.	Carbohydrates	102-115	insulin	Homo sapiens	137-144
25477716-3	2014	Excessive diets in refined carbohydrates and saturated fats are risk factors for insulin resistance, but calcium, magnesium, vitamin-D, and the omega-3 fatty acids likely protect against inflammation and insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	27-40	insulin	Homo sapiens	81-88
25506432-1	2014	Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) regulates carbohydrate metabolism and promotes neurogenesis.	Carbohydrates	42-54	glucagon	Homo sapiens	0-23
25506432-1	2014	Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) regulates carbohydrate metabolism and promotes neurogenesis.	Carbohydrates	42-54	glucagon	Homo sapiens	25-30
24180291-5	2013	This study, therefore, describes the surface functionalization of these materials with galactose, a carbohydrate known to specifically bind to hepatocytes via the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), to further improve hepatocyte adhesion and function when growing on the scaffold.	Carbohydrates	100-112	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	163-190
24064346-5	2014	Carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT), a clinically used blood marker for identifying heavy alcohol consumption, and C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation were analysed.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
25509885-1	2014	AIM: To study the secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP),and glucagon- like peptide 2 (GLP-2) in response to a carbohydrate load in people with risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) in relation to the type of carbohydrate metabolic disturbances and age.	Carbohydrates	169-181	glucagon	Homo sapiens	31-54
25509885-1	2014	AIM: To study the secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP),and glucagon- like peptide 2 (GLP-2) in response to a carbohydrate load in people with risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) in relation to the type of carbohydrate metabolic disturbances and age.	Carbohydrates	169-181	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	64-108
25509885-1	2014	AIM: To study the secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP),and glucagon- like peptide 2 (GLP-2) in response to a carbohydrate load in people with risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) in relation to the type of carbohydrate metabolic disturbances and age.	Carbohydrates	169-181	glucagon	Homo sapiens	119-143
25509885-1	2014	AIM: To study the secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP),and glucagon- like peptide 2 (GLP-2) in response to a carbohydrate load in people with risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) in relation to the type of carbohydrate metabolic disturbances and age.	Carbohydrates	169-181	glucagon	Homo sapiens	145-150
25509885-1	2014	AIM: To study the secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP),and glucagon- like peptide 2 (GLP-2) in response to a carbohydrate load in people with risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) in relation to the type of carbohydrate metabolic disturbances and age.	Carbohydrates	277-289	glucagon	Homo sapiens	145-150
25509885-8	2014	This may suggest that GLP-1 and the two other hormones (GLP-2 and GIP) show opposite effect in the regulatory mechanisms of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	124-136	glucagon	Homo sapiens	22-27
25509885-8	2014	This may suggest that GLP-1 and the two other hormones (GLP-2 and GIP) show opposite effect in the regulatory mechanisms of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	124-136	glucagon	Homo sapiens	56-61
25509885-8	2014	This may suggest that GLP-1 and the two other hormones (GLP-2 and GIP) show opposite effect in the regulatory mechanisms of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	124-136	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	66-69
24367597-3	2013	We examined the ability of two complex carbohydrate drugs that bind galectin-3, GM-CT-01 and GR-MD-02, to treat NASH with fibrosis in a murine model.	Carbohydrates	39-51	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	68-78
24088893-2	2013	A number of studies have suggested that 5"-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a pivotal role in regulating carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in contracting skeletal muscles, while several genetically manipulated animal models revealed the significance of AMPK-independent pathways.	Carbohydrates	114-126	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	73-77
24379269-5	2013	PPARgamma are transcriptional factors belonging to the ligand-activated nuclear receptor superfamily which directly regulate the expression of a large number of genes involved in adipocyte differentiation, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism as well as adipokine synthesis; thereby they are implicated in various metabolic disorders, including obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension.	Carbohydrates	216-228	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-9
24379269-5	2013	PPARgamma are transcriptional factors belonging to the ligand-activated nuclear receptor superfamily which directly regulate the expression of a large number of genes involved in adipocyte differentiation, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism as well as adipokine synthesis; thereby they are implicated in various metabolic disorders, including obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension.	Carbohydrates	216-228	insulin	Homo sapiens	351-358
24290600-2	2014	The aim of this study was to examine the effects of moderate replacement of carbohydrates by dietary fats on insulin resistance and features of MetS among women.	Carbohydrates	76-89	insulin	Homo sapiens	109-116
24267661-6	2014	After 2 days of continuous high light stress, abc1k1/pgr6 plants suffer extensive photosynthetic and metabolic perturbations, strongly affecting carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	145-157	Protein kinase superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	46-52
24267661-6	2014	After 2 days of continuous high light stress, abc1k1/pgr6 plants suffer extensive photosynthetic and metabolic perturbations, strongly affecting carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	145-157	Protein kinase superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	53-57
25796865-1	2014	In this article highlights the importance of the problem of obesity in modern medicine, analyzes the relationship between leptin level, indexof insulin resistance and main indicators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in patients with different degrees of obesity, demonstrated feasibility of measuring the bulk of the body together with body mass index, the definition of leptin levels and HOMA index in patients with excessive body weight for early diagnosis of metabolic disorders.	Carbohydrates	186-198	insulin	Homo sapiens	144-151
24180291-5	2013	This study, therefore, describes the surface functionalization of these materials with galactose, a carbohydrate known to specifically bind to hepatocytes via the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), to further improve hepatocyte adhesion and function when growing on the scaffold.	Carbohydrates	100-112	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	192-197
23778883-1	2013	Carbohydrate counting (CHC) in combination with nutritional education has been used to optimize the insulin dose in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D).	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	100-107
23988487-3	2013	Gain- and loss-of-function studies have demonstrated that both FXR and TGR5 play important roles in regulating lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and inflammatory responses.	Carbohydrates	121-133	G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	71-75
24155133-2	2013	Two staple carbohydrate foods of the Mediterranean diet, bread and pasta, have different glycemic and insulinemic responses and hence may affect cancer risk differently.	Carbohydrates	11-23	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	67-72
23872396-9	2013	Conversely, a dys-regulated carbohydrate metabolism in diabetes might affect plasma Se and Sepp1 levels, as the hepatic biosynthesis of Sepp1 is suppressed by insulin and stimulated under hyperglycemic conditions.	Carbohydrates	28-40	selenoprotein P	Homo sapiens	91-96
23884885-2	2013	Forty-two metabolites from three major fuel sources (carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins) were found to significantly correlate with T2D after adjusting for multiple testing; of these, 22 were previously reported as associated with T2D or insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	53-66	insulin	Homo sapiens	239-246
24486034-5	2013	Deletion of the PFK1 gene encoding the alpha-subunit of the heterooctameric yeast phosphofructokinase suppresses the cell wall phenotypes of a snf1 deletion, which suggests a compensatory effect of central carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	206-218	6-phosphofructokinase subunit alpha	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	16-20
24265366-1	2013	OBJECTIVE: Diets with high glycemic index (GI), with high glycemic load (GL), or high in all carbohydrates may predispose to higher blood glucose and insulin concentrations, glucose intolerance, and risk of type 2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	93-106	insulin	Homo sapiens	150-157
23872396-0	2013	Interference of selenium and selenoproteins with the insulin-regulated carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	71-83	insulin	Homo sapiens	53-60
23872396-3	2013	On the other hand, high plasma Se and selenoprotein P (Sepp1) levels have been found to be associated with biomarkers of an impaired carbohydrate and lipid homeostasis in humans.	Carbohydrates	133-145	selenoprotein P	Homo sapiens	38-53
23872396-3	2013	On the other hand, high plasma Se and selenoprotein P (Sepp1) levels have been found to be associated with biomarkers of an impaired carbohydrate and lipid homeostasis in humans.	Carbohydrates	133-145	selenoprotein P	Homo sapiens	55-60
23872396-9	2013	Conversely, a dys-regulated carbohydrate metabolism in diabetes might affect plasma Se and Sepp1 levels, as the hepatic biosynthesis of Sepp1 is suppressed by insulin and stimulated under hyperglycemic conditions.	Carbohydrates	28-40	selenoprotein P	Homo sapiens	136-141
23872396-9	2013	Conversely, a dys-regulated carbohydrate metabolism in diabetes might affect plasma Se and Sepp1 levels, as the hepatic biosynthesis of Sepp1 is suppressed by insulin and stimulated under hyperglycemic conditions.	Carbohydrates	28-40	insulin	Homo sapiens	159-166
24075505-0	2013	Consuming a hypocaloric high fat low carbohydrate diet for 12 weeks lowers C-reactive protein, and raises serum adiponectin and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol in obese subjects.	Carbohydrates	37-49	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	75-93
23689036-3	2013	Studies in animal models have shown that SGLT1 and intestinal glucose uptake are up-regulated by high carbohydrate diets or noncaloric sweeteners.	Carbohydrates	102-114	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Homo sapiens	41-46
23917335-0	2013	Preoperative oral rehydration therapy with 2.5 % carbohydrate beverage alleviates insulin action in volunteers.	Carbohydrates	49-61	insulin	Homo sapiens	82-89
23917335-1	2013	Preoperative carbohydrate loading enhances insulin action by approximately 50 %.	Carbohydrates	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	43-50
23917335-3	2013	We hypothesized that preoperative oral rehydration therapy with a 2.5 % carbohydrate beverage that is widely used in Japan can enhance insulin action.	Carbohydrates	72-84	insulin	Homo sapiens	135-142
23917335-4	2013	Therefore, we investigated the effect of this 2.5 % carbohydrate beverage on insulin action in volunteers.	Carbohydrates	52-64	insulin	Homo sapiens	77-84
23917335-12	2013	In conclusion, the hyperinsulinemic normoglycemic clamp using an artificial pancreas showed that the administration of a 2.5 % carbohydrate oral rehydration solution for preoperative oral rehydration therapy improves insulin action in volunteers.	Carbohydrates	127-139	insulin	Homo sapiens	24-31
23521532-1	2013	BACKGROUND: In flexible insulin therapy, determination of the prandial insulin dose only takes into account the carbohydrate content of the evening meal, and not the protein content.	Carbohydrates	112-124	insulin	Homo sapiens	71-78
23521532-9	2013	The preprandial insulin dose was 0.96 (0.4) U per 10 g carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	55-68	insulin	Homo sapiens	16-23
24100622-7	2013	The genes negatively regulated by cFP included those associated with energy production and conversion, as well as carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	114-126	complement factor properdin	Homo sapiens	34-37
23911414-1	2013	Among the non-carbohydrate components of glycans, the addition of phosphocholine (ChoP) to the glycans of pathogens occurs more rarely than acetylation or methylation, but it has far more potent biological consequences.	Carbohydrates	14-26	DNA damage inducible transcript 3	Homo sapiens	82-86
24075505-0	2013	Consuming a hypocaloric high fat low carbohydrate diet for 12 weeks lowers C-reactive protein, and raises serum adiponectin and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol in obese subjects.	Carbohydrates	37-49	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	112-123
24244718-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Ovomucoid (OM) has two carbohydrate chains on each of the first and second domains and one in the third.	Carbohydrates	35-47	domino	Drosophila melanogaster	23-25
24312178-8	2013	The low-carbohydrate diet induced lower insulin and glucose excursions compared with the low-fat diet (p&lt;0.0005 for both AUC).	Carbohydrates	8-20	insulin	Homo sapiens	40-47
24108122-3	2013	Here, we report the crystal structures of the mDCIR2 carbohydrate recognition domain in unliganded form as well as in complex with an agalactosylated complex-type N-glycan unit carrying a bisecting GlcNAc residue.	Carbohydrates	53-65	C-type lectin domain family 4, member a4	Mus musculus	46-52
24244718-4	2013	OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to assess the involvement of the carbohydrate moieties of OM in its digestibility and allergenic properties.	Carbohydrates	69-81	domino	Drosophila melanogaster	94-96
24244718-11	2013	CONCLUSION &amp; CLINICAL RELEVANCE: this work demonstrated an enhanced IgE reactivity towards carbohydrate containing OM in some egg-allergic patients that could be attributed to cross-sensitization or sensitization to the glycosylated components.	Carbohydrates	95-107	domino	Drosophila melanogaster	119-121
23850735-0	2013	Evaluation of a commercially available carbohydrate deficient transferrin kit to detect beta-2-transferrin in cerebrospinal fluid using capillary electrophoresis.	Carbohydrates	39-51	transferrin	Homo sapiens	62-73
23850735-0	2013	Evaluation of a commercially available carbohydrate deficient transferrin kit to detect beta-2-transferrin in cerebrospinal fluid using capillary electrophoresis.	Carbohydrates	39-51	transferrin	Homo sapiens	95-106
24062326-0	2013	Prandial insulin dosing using the carbohydrate counting technique in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	34-46	insulin	Homo sapiens	9-16
23856421-4	2013	Carbohydrate deficient transferrin testing showed a pattern pointing to a CDG type I. Sanger sequencing of DPM1 (dolichol-P-mannose synthase subunit 1) revealed a novel Gly &gt; Val change c.455G &gt; T missense mutation resulting in p.Gly152Val) of unknown pathogenicity and deletion/duplication analysis revealed an intragenic deletion from exons 3 to 7 on the other allele.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
24027179-4	2013	This occurs through a substantial, albeit short-lived (~2 h) EAA-induced stimulation of muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and via an insulin-mediated suppression of muscle protein breakdown (MPB) (via carbohydrate- and/or EAA-mediated insulin secretory effects).	Carbohydrates	198-210	insulin	Homo sapiens	130-137
24176230-0	2013	Dietary carbohydrate restriction improves insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, microvascular function, and cellular adhesion markers in individuals taking statins.	Carbohydrates	8-20	insulin	Homo sapiens	42-49
24176230-4	2013	We hypothesized that a CRD (&lt;50 g carbohydrate/d) for 6 weeks would improve lipid profiles and insulin sensitivity, reduce blood pressure, decrease cellular adhesion and inflammatory biomarkers, and augment VEF (flow-mediated dilation and forearm blood flow) in statin users.	Carbohydrates	37-49	insulin	Homo sapiens	98-105
23891824-3	2013	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPARalpha and PPARgamma are members of a family of nuclear receptors involved in the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates, adipogenesis and sensitivity to insulin.	Carbohydrates	153-166	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	57-66
23846824-7	2013	Currently, for prolonged exercise lasting 2-3 h, athletes are advised to ingest carbohydrates at a rate of 60 g h-1 (~1.0-1.1 g min-1) to allow for maximal exogenous glucose oxidation rates.	Carbohydrates	80-93	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	128-133
23846824-8	2013	However, well-trained endurance athletes competing longer than 2.5 h can metabolize carbohydrate up to 90 g h-1 (~1.5-1.8 g min-1) provided that multiple transportable carbohydrates are ingested (e.g. 1.2 g min-1 glucose plus 0.6 g min-1 of fructose).	Carbohydrates	84-96	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	124-129
24222088-3	2013	Hepatic lipogenesis is activated primarily by insulin that is secreted from the pancreas after a high-carbohydrate meal.	Carbohydrates	102-114	insulin	Homo sapiens	46-53
23160381-3	2013	Furthermore, Gal-3 regulates p21 expression at the post-translational level by stabilizing p21 protein via the carbohydrate-recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	111-123	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Homo sapiens	91-94
23160381-3	2013	Furthermore, Gal-3 regulates p21 expression at the post-translational level by stabilizing p21 protein via the carbohydrate-recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	111-123	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Homo sapiens	29-32
24251211-1	2013	OBJECTIVE: Adiponectin- one of the most important adipokines plays a pivotal role in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and vascular biology.	Carbohydrates	85-97	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	11-22
23875541-0	2013	BMI but not stage or etiology of nonalcoholic liver disease affects the diagnostic utility of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin.	Carbohydrates	94-106	transferrin	Homo sapiens	117-128
23875541-2	2013	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) increases with sustained heavy alcohol consumption and is the most specific biomarker of ethanol (EtOH) consumption.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
23585182-0	2013	Isolated IgE reactivity to native walnut vicilin-like protein (nJug r 2) on ISAC  microarray is due to cross-reactive carbohydrate epitopes.	Carbohydrates	118-130	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	9-12
23943651-0	2013	Blockade of invariant TCR-CD1d interaction specifically inhibits antibody production against blood group A carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	107-120	CD1d1 antigen	Mus musculus	26-30
23943651-1	2013	Previously, we detected B cells expressing receptors for blood group A carbohydrates in the CD11b(+)CD5(+) B-1a subpopulation in mice, similar to that in blood group O or B in humans.	Carbohydrates	71-84	integrin alpha M	Mus musculus	92-97
23856776-8	2013	Transcriptomic analysis revealed that intracellular LL-37 mainly affected the expression of genes related to energy production and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	131-143	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	52-57
23507477-1	2013	SCFA resulting from the microbial fermentation of carbohydrates have been linked to increased glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion from the gastrointestinal tract in cell and animal models; however, there is little direct evidence in human subjects to confirm this.	Carbohydrates	50-63	glucagon	Homo sapiens	94-117
23507477-1	2013	SCFA resulting from the microbial fermentation of carbohydrates have been linked to increased glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion from the gastrointestinal tract in cell and animal models; however, there is little direct evidence in human subjects to confirm this.	Carbohydrates	50-63	glucagon	Homo sapiens	119-124
24288769-1	2013	Various types of insulin- and glucagon-containing endocrine cell distribution were found by double staining with antibodies to insulin and glucagon in the pancreatic autopsy material from subjects without carbohydrate metabolism disorders.	Carbohydrates	205-217	insulin	Homo sapiens	17-24
24497707-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a nuclear transcription factor regulating multiple genes involved in cell growth, differentiation, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and energy production.	Carbohydrates	175-187	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	12-60
24497707-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a nuclear transcription factor regulating multiple genes involved in cell growth, differentiation, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and energy production.	Carbohydrates	175-187	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	62-71
23973164-7	2013	Furrowed does so through a homophilic cell-adhesion role that is distinct from its known carbohydrate-binding function described during vertebrate blood-cell/endothelial cell interactions.	Carbohydrates	89-101	furrowed	Drosophila melanogaster	0-8
23918932-1	2013	The carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) is a glucose-responsive transcription factor that plays a critical role in converting excess carbohydrate to storage fat in liver.	Carbohydrates	4-16	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	51-57
24303161-3	2013	It is hypothesized that oral ingestion of essential amino acids (EAA) and carbohydrates (Carb) increases Vps34 activity and mTOR signaling in human skeletal (hVps34) muscle after sprint exercise.	Carbohydrates	74-87	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	124-128
24303161-3	2013	It is hypothesized that oral ingestion of essential amino acids (EAA) and carbohydrates (Carb) increases Vps34 activity and mTOR signaling in human skeletal (hVps34) muscle after sprint exercise.	Carbohydrates	89-93	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	124-128
24303161-8	2013	P-mTOR and p-p70S6k were significantly increased above rest in EAA + Carb (P = 0.03, P = 0.007) 140 min after last sprint, but not in placebo.	Carbohydrates	69-73	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	2-6
24340888-12	2013	CONCLUSIONS: A positive family history of hypertension correlates with higher systolic blood pressure and changes in carbohydrate metabolism parameters in the direction of the development of insulin resistance in children.	Carbohydrates	117-129	insulin	Homo sapiens	191-198
23692391-11	2013	CONCLUSIONS: In a Russian population with high levels of alcohol consumption, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) might be the most sensitive and specific biomarker for detecting ethanol consumption above 40 g/day.	Carbohydrates	78-90	transferrin	Homo sapiens	101-112
24072088-1	2013	OBJECTIVE: Adiponectin, leptin, and resistin are adipokines which play a significant role in the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes, while little is known about their role in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).	Carbohydrates	121-133	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	11-22
25191580-3	2013	The aim of the present study was to compare the acute effect of meals rich in casein and carbohydrate and a combination of both nutrients on postprandial plasma concentrations of IL-6, a marker of inflammation, in obese women.	Carbohydrates	89-101	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	179-183
23769016-4	2013	This study was conducted to evaluate of the effect of a 3-month treatment with E2V/DNG on carbohydrate metabolism in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	90-102	insulin	Homo sapiens	167-174
23632035-0	2013	Supplementation by thylakoids to a high carbohydrate meal decreases feelings of hunger, elevates CCK levels and prevents postprandial hypoglycaemia in overweight women.	Carbohydrates	40-52	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	97-100
24003936-2	2013	GLP-1 is secreted mainly by gut endocrine L-cells and is released under the control of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids.	Carbohydrates	87-100	glucagon	Homo sapiens	0-5
23871367-7	2013	casei Zhang loci involved in purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis were transcriptionally enhanced during growth in soy milk at lag phase (pH 6.4), whereas the loci involved in carbohydrate metabolism were upregulated in bovine milk.	Carbohydrates	174-186	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	117-121
23442841-1	2013	BACKGROUND: High carbohydrate intake has been linked to insulin resistance, obesity, and abnormal serum lipid profiles-conditions which favor gallstone formation.	Carbohydrates	17-29	insulin	Homo sapiens	56-63
24005943-4	2013	Deficiency of macronutrients, protein and carbohydrates, during pregnancy and gestation results in lower infant birth weight, a surrogate marker of fetal growth and subsequently insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, hypertension and adiposity in adulthood.	Carbohydrates	42-55	insulin	Homo sapiens	178-185
23607280-1	2013	Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is known to interact with different biomolecules and was implicated in many novel cellular activities including programmed cell death, nuclear RNA transport unrelated to the commonly known carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	238-250	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-40
23607280-1	2013	Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is known to interact with different biomolecules and was implicated in many novel cellular activities including programmed cell death, nuclear RNA transport unrelated to the commonly known carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	238-250	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	42-47
24086109-0	2013	HIF1A reduces acute lung injury by optimizing carbohydrate metabolism in the alveolar epithelium.	Carbohydrates	46-58	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	0-5
24325100-0	2013	[Effects of an insertion/deletion polymorphism of angiotensin converting enzyme gene on the changes of serum lipid ratios and blood pressure induced by a high-carbohydrate and low-fat diet].	Carbohydrates	159-171	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	50-79
23852824-7	2013	Similarly, the carbohydrate recognition domain of LMAN1 contains distinct and separable binding sites for both MCFD2 and FV/FVIII.	Carbohydrates	15-27	multiple coagulation factor deficiency 2, ER cargo receptor complex subunit	Homo sapiens	111-116
24033743-0	2013	N-linked glycan profiling of GGTA1/CMAH knockout pigs identifies new potential carbohydrate xenoantigens.	Carbohydrates	79-91	N-acetyllactosaminide alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase	Sus scrofa	29-34
24325100-1	2013	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of an insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism at the intron 16 of the gene of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) on the changes of serum lipid ratios and blood pressure induced by a high-carbohydrate and low-fat (HC/LF) diet in healthy Chinese Han youth.	Carbohydrates	224-236	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	114-143
24325100-1	2013	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of an insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism at the intron 16 of the gene of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) on the changes of serum lipid ratios and blood pressure induced by a high-carbohydrate and low-fat (HC/LF) diet in healthy Chinese Han youth.	Carbohydrates	224-236	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	145-148
23788638-7	2013	(15)N relaxation measurements provided the first information on the dynamics of the carbohydrate recognition domain, demonstrating that it is a highly flexible domain that undergoes ligand-induced conformational and dynamic changes that may explain the ability of DC-SIGNR to accommodate a range of glycans on viral surfaces.	Carbohydrates	84-96	C-type lectin domain family 4 member M	Homo sapiens	264-272
23816984-0	2013	Central administration of prolactin-releasing peptide shifts the utilities of metabolic fuels from carbohydrate to lipids in chicks.	Carbohydrates	99-111	prolactin releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	26-53
23744646-4	2013	Here, we investigated the signaling properties of the C-type lectin MGL and show that MGL engagement by agonistic antibodies or carbohydrate ligands couples to TLR signal transduction for increased IL-10 and TNF-alpha secretion by human monocyte-derived DCs.	Carbohydrates	128-140	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	208-217
23788638-0	2013	Solution NMR analyses of the C-type carbohydrate recognition domain of DC-SIGNR protein reveal different binding modes for HIV-derived oligosaccharides and smaller glycan fragments.	Carbohydrates	36-48	C-type lectin domain family 4 member M	Homo sapiens	71-79
23788638-3	2013	We have utilized solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate DC-SIGNR binding and herein report the first backbone assignment of its active, calcium-bound carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	181-193	C-type lectin domain family 4 member M	Homo sapiens	87-95
23757474-2	2013	Consumption of an oral carbohydrate supplement before surgery may improve insulin sensitivity and reduce hyperglycemia.	Carbohydrates	23-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	74-81
23757474-3	2013	In this trial, we investigated the effects of carbohydrate supplementation on insulin resistance in coronary artery bypass graft and spinal decompression and fusion surgical patients.	Carbohydrates	46-58	insulin	Homo sapiens	78-85
23707200-5	2013	Cat S cleaved efficiently and specifically SP-A within critical residues of the solvent-exposed loop of its carbohydrate recognition (C-type lectin) domain that allows binding to pathogens.	Carbohydrates	108-120	PICALM interacting mitotic regulator	Homo sapiens	0-5
23727341-5	2013	Thus, multivalency is a promising strategy for targeting CLR-expressing cells and, indeed, carbohydrate-based targeting approaches have been employed for a number of CLRs, including asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) in the liver, or DC-SIGN expressed by dendritic cells.	Carbohydrates	91-103	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	182-209
23727341-5	2013	Thus, multivalency is a promising strategy for targeting CLR-expressing cells and, indeed, carbohydrate-based targeting approaches have been employed for a number of CLRs, including asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) in the liver, or DC-SIGN expressed by dendritic cells.	Carbohydrates	91-103	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	211-216
23799331-2	2013	Venom immunotherapy assume the clear identification of the culprit insect, but this is impeded by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies to cross reactive carbohydrate determinant (CCD) epitopes of common glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	150-162	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	98-114
23799331-2	2013	Venom immunotherapy assume the clear identification of the culprit insect, but this is impeded by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies to cross reactive carbohydrate determinant (CCD) epitopes of common glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	150-162	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	116-119
23658350-9	2013	Enhanced expressions of the jejunal sodium glucose transporter 1, glucose transporter 2, and aminopeptidase-N mRNA were found at d 16 of incubation in embryos that received carbohydrate solution into the amniotic fluid in comparison with the control group (P &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	173-185	sodium/glucose cotransporter 1	Columba livia	36-64
23794137-0	2013	In vitro TNF-alpha- and noradrenaline-stimulated lipolysis is impaired in adipocytes from growing rats fed a low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	127-139	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	9-18
23439427-2	2013	We hypothesize that, by analogy with creatine supplementation, 1) an inverse relationship between urinary excretion and muscle loading is present, and 2) the latter is stimulated by carbohydrate- and protein-induced insulin action.	Carbohydrates	182-194	insulin	Homo sapiens	216-223
23794137-1	2013	The aim of this study was to investigate tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)- and noradrenaline (NE)-stimulated lipolysis in retroperitoneal (RWAT) and epididymal (EAT) white adipose tissue as a means of understanding how low-protein, high-carbohydrate (LPHC) diet-fed rats maintain their lipid storage in a catabolic environment (marked by increases in serum TNF-alpha and corticosterone and sympathetic flux to RWAT and EAT), as previously observed.	Carbohydrates	244-256	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	41-68
23794137-1	2013	The aim of this study was to investigate tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)- and noradrenaline (NE)-stimulated lipolysis in retroperitoneal (RWAT) and epididymal (EAT) white adipose tissue as a means of understanding how low-protein, high-carbohydrate (LPHC) diet-fed rats maintain their lipid storage in a catabolic environment (marked by increases in serum TNF-alpha and corticosterone and sympathetic flux to RWAT and EAT), as previously observed.	Carbohydrates	244-256	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	70-79
23666746-8	2013	Indeed, PYY at 240 min was highest after the high protein breakfast compared to the high fat breakfast and to the high carbohydrate breakfast (P = 0.011 and P = 0.012, respectively).	Carbohydrates	119-131	peptide YY	Homo sapiens	8-11
23997930-1	2013	OBJECTIVES: In diabetic nephropathy the decline of renal function causes modifications of the insulin and carbohydrate metabolism resulting in changed insulin requirements.	Carbohydrates	106-118	insulin	Homo sapiens	151-158
23775083-6	2013	Although the interaction of CD23 with IgE is carbohydrate-independent, calcium has been reported to increase the affinity for IgE, but the structural basis for this activity has previously been unknown.	Carbohydrates	45-57	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	38-41
24143278-5	2013	Laser scanning confocal microscopy was used to reveal carbohydrate-independent MPO binding to human platelet membrane.	Carbohydrates	54-66	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	79-82
23690231-0	2013	Effect of transferrin glycation on the use of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin as an alcohol biomarker.	Carbohydrates	46-58	transferrin	Homo sapiens	10-21
24252674-0	2013	[Effects of preoperative oral carbohydrate on postoperative insulin resistance in radical gastrectomy patients].	Carbohydrates	30-42	insulin	Homo sapiens	60-67
24252674-1	2013	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects and mechanism of postoperative insulin resistance in gastrectomy patients with preoperative oral carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	135-147	insulin	Homo sapiens	69-76
24252674-16	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative oral carbohydrate could reduce the insulin resistance and REE, improve the material metabolism status in radical gastrectomy patients.	Carbohydrates	31-43	insulin	Homo sapiens	61-68
23882266-6	2013	SIGNR3 is the closest murine homolog of the human dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) receptor recognizing similar carbohydrate ligands such as terminal fucose or high-mannose glycans.	Carbohydrates	169-181	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	50-129
23882266-6	2013	SIGNR3 is the closest murine homolog of the human dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) receptor recognizing similar carbohydrate ligands such as terminal fucose or high-mannose glycans.	Carbohydrates	169-181	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	131-138
23822206-3	2013	Progressive loss of metabolic control is evident from a blunting of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism, which is commonly manifested through decreased insulin sensitivity, inadequate glucose and lipid control, accompanied by a pro-inflammatory environment and hypertension.	Carbohydrates	68-80	insulin	Homo sapiens	157-164
23690231-0	2013	Effect of transferrin glycation on the use of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin as an alcohol biomarker.	Carbohydrates	46-58	transferrin	Homo sapiens	69-80
23690231-1	2013	AIMS: Measurement of an alcohol-induced shift in the serum transferrin glycosylation pattern, termed carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), is used as a biomarker for sustained high alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	101-113	transferrin	Homo sapiens	59-70
23690231-1	2013	AIMS: Measurement of an alcohol-induced shift in the serum transferrin glycosylation pattern, termed carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), is used as a biomarker for sustained high alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	101-113	transferrin	Homo sapiens	124-135
23916262-2	2013	Insulin resistance is probably the mechanism underlying the changes detected in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in these patients, who have, as a common anthropometric feature, a predominantly increased abdominal fat distribution.	Carbohydrates	90-102	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
23884105-5	2013	These results suggest that mouse MBL-A and ficolin-A bind to LPS via its carbohydrate-recognition domain and fibrinogen-like domain, respectively, whereby cytokine production by LPS-mediated TLR4 in mBMMCs appears to be down-regulated, indicating that mouse MBL and ficolin may have an inhibitory function toward mouse TLR4-mediated excessive inflammation on the mast cells.	Carbohydrates	73-85	ficolin A	Mus musculus	43-52
23884105-5	2013	These results suggest that mouse MBL-A and ficolin-A bind to LPS via its carbohydrate-recognition domain and fibrinogen-like domain, respectively, whereby cytokine production by LPS-mediated TLR4 in mBMMCs appears to be down-regulated, indicating that mouse MBL and ficolin may have an inhibitory function toward mouse TLR4-mediated excessive inflammation on the mast cells.	Carbohydrates	73-85	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	61-64
23884105-5	2013	These results suggest that mouse MBL-A and ficolin-A bind to LPS via its carbohydrate-recognition domain and fibrinogen-like domain, respectively, whereby cytokine production by LPS-mediated TLR4 in mBMMCs appears to be down-regulated, indicating that mouse MBL and ficolin may have an inhibitory function toward mouse TLR4-mediated excessive inflammation on the mast cells.	Carbohydrates	73-85	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	178-181
23884105-5	2013	These results suggest that mouse MBL-A and ficolin-A bind to LPS via its carbohydrate-recognition domain and fibrinogen-like domain, respectively, whereby cytokine production by LPS-mediated TLR4 in mBMMCs appears to be down-regulated, indicating that mouse MBL and ficolin may have an inhibitory function toward mouse TLR4-mediated excessive inflammation on the mast cells.	Carbohydrates	73-85	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	191-195
23884105-5	2013	These results suggest that mouse MBL-A and ficolin-A bind to LPS via its carbohydrate-recognition domain and fibrinogen-like domain, respectively, whereby cytokine production by LPS-mediated TLR4 in mBMMCs appears to be down-regulated, indicating that mouse MBL and ficolin may have an inhibitory function toward mouse TLR4-mediated excessive inflammation on the mast cells.	Carbohydrates	73-85	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	319-323
23447123-5	2013	Insulin was administered according to the customary insulin:carbohydrate ratio for each participant.	Carbohydrates	60-72	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
23709747-3	2013	Mitochondrial aconitase (mACON) (ACONM) is an enzyme that is central to carbohydrate and energy metabolism and is responsible for the interconversion of citrate to isocitrate as part of the citric acid cycle in the human prostate.	Carbohydrates	72-84	aconitase 2	Homo sapiens	0-23
23481096-0	2013	Structural basis of preferential binding of fucose-containing saccharide by the Caenorhabditis elegans galectin LEC-6.	Carbohydrates	62-72	Galectin	Caenorhabditis elegans	103-111
24348588-10	2013	Plasma adiponectin concentrations was significantly associated with ethnicity (P = 0.011), dietary carbohydrate (P = 0.003) and physical activity total MET score (P = 0.026), after medical history, age, sex, total cholesterol and visceral fat adjusted.	Carbohydrates	99-111	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	7-18
24059115-5	2013	(2) Both the highest insulin level and the lowest potassium level appeared at one hour after taking the carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	104-117	insulin	Homo sapiens	21-28
23709747-3	2013	Mitochondrial aconitase (mACON) (ACONM) is an enzyme that is central to carbohydrate and energy metabolism and is responsible for the interconversion of citrate to isocitrate as part of the citric acid cycle in the human prostate.	Carbohydrates	72-84	aconitase 2	Homo sapiens	33-38
23615909-3	2013	LewisX (LeX), also known as stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 or CD15, is a defined carbohydrate moiety expressed in niche microenvironments of the developing and adult CNS.	Carbohydrates	85-97	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	28-62
23499529-7	2013	However, emerging evidence suggests that heparanase is capable of varying its substrate specificities depending on the saccharide structures around the cleavage site.	Carbohydrates	119-129	heparanase	Homo sapiens	41-51
23767760-10	2013	Moreover, carbohydrate intake was positively (beta = 0.08, P = 0.01) and protein (beta = -0.04, P &lt; 0.0001), SAFA (beta = -0.04, P &lt; 0.0001) and MUFA (beta = -0.02, 0.07) proportion were negatively associated with increment in calorie intake.	Carbohydrates	10-22	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U	Homo sapiens	112-116
23776650-0	2013	Ligand binding and signaling of dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR) is modulated by the glycosylation of the carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	110-122	C-type lectin domain family 4 member A	Homo sapiens	32-61
23776650-0	2013	Ligand binding and signaling of dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR) is modulated by the glycosylation of the carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	110-122	C-type lectin domain family 4 member A	Homo sapiens	63-67
23776650-6	2013	Since DCIR has an N-glycosylation site inside its carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), we investigated the effect of this glycan in ligand recognition.	Carbohydrates	50-62	C-type lectin domain family 4 member A	Homo sapiens	6-10
23615909-3	2013	LewisX (LeX), also known as stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 or CD15, is a defined carbohydrate moiety expressed in niche microenvironments of the developing and adult CNS.	Carbohydrates	85-97	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	66-70
23615911-5	2013	We solved the crystal structure of monoFc, which explains how the carbohydrates can stabilize the protein surface and provides the rationale for molecular recognition between monoFc and FcRn.	Carbohydrates	66-79	Fc gamma receptor and transporter	Homo sapiens	186-190
23426722-2	2013	Galectin-3 is a carbohydrate-binding lectin implicated in the pathophysiology of CVD and is highly expressed within atherosclerotic lesions in mice and humans.	Carbohydrates	16-28	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	0-10
23668688-3	2013	To date studies have demonstrate that among all nutrients, lipids and carbohydrates play a major regulatory role in the gene transcription of glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes, insulin, and adipokines.	Carbohydrates	70-83	insulin	Homo sapiens	176-183
23503724-0	2013	Immunonephelometric carbohydrate-deficient transferrin results and transferrin variants.	Carbohydrates	20-32	transferrin	Homo sapiens	43-54
23683103-0	2013	Assessment of insulin action on carbohydrate metabolism: physiological and non-physiological methods.	Carbohydrates	32-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	14-21
23683103-1	2013	Carbohydrate metabolism in humans is regulated by insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells and glucose disposal by insulin-sensitive tissues.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	50-57
23683103-1	2013	Carbohydrate metabolism in humans is regulated by insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells and glucose disposal by insulin-sensitive tissues.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	119-126
23512316-0	2013	Determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in human serum by capillary zone electrophoresis: evaluation of assay performance and quality assurance over a 10-year period in the routine arena.	Carbohydrates	17-29	transferrin	Homo sapiens	40-51
23512316-1	2013	The performance of high-resolution CZE for determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in human serum based on internal and external quality data gathered over a 10-year period is reported.	Carbohydrates	60-72	transferrin	Homo sapiens	83-94
23540714-3	2013	Functional studies in genetic models show that ADORA2B signaling attenuates myocardial infarction by adapting metabolism towards more oxygen efficient utilization of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	166-179	adenosine A2b receptor	Homo sapiens	47-54
23426860-9	2013	In insulin requiring type 2 diabetes, carbohydrate consumption may induce oxidative stress that is associated with worsening diastolic function, indicating that this metabolic factor is an important determinant of diastolic dysfunction in the diabetic heart beyond the increase in structural myocardial stiffness.	Carbohydrates	38-50	insulin	Homo sapiens	3-10
23307404-0	2013	Growth-hormone responses to consecutive exercise bouts with ingestion of carbohydrate plus protein.	Carbohydrates	73-85	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	0-14
23307404-9	2013	Ingesting carbohydrate with added whey-protein isolate during short-term recovery from 90 min of treadmill running increases the growth-hormone response to a second exhaustive exercise bout of similar duration.	Carbohydrates	10-22	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	129-143
23596136-1	2013	CONTEXT: Metabolic inflexibility, ie, the impaired ability of the body to switch from fat to carbohydrate oxidation under insulin-stimulated conditions, is associated with insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	93-105	insulin	Homo sapiens	122-129
23596136-1	2013	CONTEXT: Metabolic inflexibility, ie, the impaired ability of the body to switch from fat to carbohydrate oxidation under insulin-stimulated conditions, is associated with insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	93-105	insulin	Homo sapiens	172-179
23241602-0	2013	Toward standardization of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) measurements: III.	Carbohydrates	26-38	transferrin	Homo sapiens	49-60
24049734-4	2013	The increased expression of enzymes involved in carbohydrate utilization and de novo lipogenesis by PGC-1beta required carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP).	Carbohydrates	48-60	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 beta	Mus musculus	100-109
24049734-4	2013	The increased expression of enzymes involved in carbohydrate utilization and de novo lipogenesis by PGC-1beta required carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP).	Carbohydrates	48-60	MLX interacting protein-like	Mus musculus	119-164
24049734-4	2013	The increased expression of enzymes involved in carbohydrate utilization and de novo lipogenesis by PGC-1beta required carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP).	Carbohydrates	48-60	MLX interacting protein-like	Mus musculus	166-172
23241602-2	2013	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is a generic term that refers to the transferrin glycoforms whose concentration in blood is temporarily increased by sustained alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
23241602-2	2013	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is a generic term that refers to the transferrin glycoforms whose concentration in blood is temporarily increased by sustained alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	78-89
23187953-2	2013	Following the discovery of insulin, the carbohydrate content of the diabetic diet became more liberal, as glycaemia and glycosuria could be controlled, more or less well, with hypoglycaemic medication and insulin treatment.	Carbohydrates	40-52	insulin	Homo sapiens	27-34
23223345-14	2013	CONCLUSIONS: A diet that partially replaces carbohydrate with unsaturated fat may improve insulin sensitivity in a population at risk for cardiovascular disease.	Carbohydrates	44-56	insulin	Homo sapiens	90-97
23544672-5	2013	Their implementations to date rely on meal announcements (e.g., bolus insulin dose based on insulin:carbohydrate ratios) by the user.	Carbohydrates	100-112	insulin	Homo sapiens	70-77
23550556-2	2013	Implementation of insulin pump therapy may encourage either normalization of eating behaviors or a greater focus on food intake due to renewed emphasis on carbohydrate counting.	Carbohydrates	155-167	insulin	Homo sapiens	18-25
23187953-2	2013	Following the discovery of insulin, the carbohydrate content of the diabetic diet became more liberal, as glycaemia and glycosuria could be controlled, more or less well, with hypoglycaemic medication and insulin treatment.	Carbohydrates	40-52	insulin	Homo sapiens	205-212
23389308-2	2013	Multivalency of carbohydrate binding is required for galectin-9 to function.	Carbohydrates	16-28	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	53-63
23531458-4	2013	Structure-activity relationship study of these sugar-substituted oleanolic acid derivatives demonstrated that PTP1B inhibitory activity and insulin-sensitizing response were strongly influenced by both the carbohydrate moiety at the C-3 position and the long acidic chain at C-28 position of oleanolic acid.	Carbohydrates	206-218	insulin	Homo sapiens	140-147
23478317-10	2013	The finding reported here provides us with new insight into the regulatory role of Rrp1 in carbohydrate utilization and virulence of B. burgdorferi.	Carbohydrates	91-103	ribosomal RNA processing 1	Mus musculus	83-87
23372041-3	2013	In a genome-wide meta-analysis of a population-based discovery cohort (n = 33 533), rs838133 in FGF21 (19q13.33), rs197273 near TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator (TANK) (2p24.2), and rs10163409 in FTO (16q12.2) were among the top associations (P &lt; 10(-5)) for percentage of total caloric intake from protein and carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	332-344	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	96-101
23389308-3	2013	Although galectin-1 (a proto-type galectin) forms an oligomer to obtain its multivalency, galectin-9 (a tandem-repeat-type one) has two carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD) in one polypeptide.	Carbohydrates	136-148	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	90-100
23583552-10	2013	SWEET17 is highly conserved across the plant kingdom; thus, these findings offer future possibilities to modify carbohydrate partitioning in crops.	Carbohydrates	112-124	Nodulin MtN3 family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-7
23514536-1	2013	Galectin-9 is a tandem-repeat type galectin with two carbohydrate-recognition domains, and it was first identified as an eosinophil chemoattractant and activation factor.	Carbohydrates	53-65	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	0-10
23416198-3	2013	This alpha2,6-sialylated Fc (sFc) has been reported to bind to the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of the cell-surface lectin DC-SIGN (dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin) and its murine orthologue SIGN-R1 (specific intracellular adhesion molecule-grabbing non-integrin R1) and, via this interaction, to signal the downstream expression of immunosuppressive cytokines and receptors.	Carbohydrates	67-79	CD209a antigen	Mus musculus	132-139
23416198-3	2013	This alpha2,6-sialylated Fc (sFc) has been reported to bind to the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of the cell-surface lectin DC-SIGN (dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin) and its murine orthologue SIGN-R1 (specific intracellular adhesion molecule-grabbing non-integrin R1) and, via this interaction, to signal the downstream expression of immunosuppressive cytokines and receptors.	Carbohydrates	67-79	CD209a antigen	Mus musculus	141-220
23802208-0	2013	Exponential increase in postprandial blood-glucose exposure with increasing carbohydrate loads using a linear carbohydrate-to-insulin ratio.	Carbohydrates	76-88	insulin	Homo sapiens	126-133
23626758-5	2013	Our results indicate that Dube3a is involved in the regulation of cellular functions related to ATP synthesis/metabolism, actin cytoskeletal integrity, both catabolism and carbohydrate metabolism as well as nervous system development and function.	Carbohydrates	172-184	Ubiquitin protein ligase E3A	Drosophila melanogaster	26-32
23370677-7	2013	GLP-2 secretion was enhanced by polyunsaturated fatty acid- and monounsaturated fatty acid-rich dietary oils, dietary carbohydrates, and some kinds of sweeteners in rats; this effect was reproduced in NCI-H716 cells using alpha-linolenic acid (alphaLA), glucose, and sweeteners.	Carbohydrates	118-131	mast cell protease 10	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
23802208-2	2013	Carbohydrate counting is a method of insulin dosing that balances carbohydrate load to insulin dose using a fixed ratio.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	37-44
23802208-2	2013	Carbohydrate counting is a method of insulin dosing that balances carbohydrate load to insulin dose using a fixed ratio.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	87-94
23802208-2	2013	Carbohydrate counting is a method of insulin dosing that balances carbohydrate load to insulin dose using a fixed ratio.	Carbohydrates	66-78	insulin	Homo sapiens	37-44
23802208-3	2013	Many patients and current insulin pumps calculate insulin delivery for meals based on a linear carbohydrate-to-insulin relationship.	Carbohydrates	95-107	insulin	Homo sapiens	26-33
23802208-4	2013	It is our hypothesis that a non-linear relationship exists between the amounts of carbohydrate consumed and the insulin required to cover it.	Carbohydrates	82-94	insulin	Homo sapiens	112-119
23802208-5	2013	AIM: To document blood glucose exposure in response to increasing carbohydrate loads on fixed carbohydrate-to-insulin ratios.	Carbohydrates	66-78	insulin	Homo sapiens	110-117
23802208-9	2013	RESULTS: Increasing carbohydrate loads using a fixed carbohydrate-to-insulin ratio resulted in increasing glucose AUC.	Carbohydrates	20-32	insulin	Homo sapiens	69-76
23802208-12	2013	CONCLUSION: A non-linear relationship exists between carbohydrates consumed and the insulin required to cover them.	Carbohydrates	53-66	insulin	Homo sapiens	84-91
23802208-14	2013	Further studies are required to look at the optimal ratios, duration and type of insulin boluses required to cover increasing carbohydrate loads.	Carbohydrates	126-138	insulin	Homo sapiens	81-88
23254995-1	2013	Uridine diphosphate-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP) occupies a central position in carbohydrate metabolism in all kingdoms of life, since its product uridine diphosphate-glucose (UDP-glucose) is essential in a number of anabolic and catabolic pathways and is a precursor for other sugar nucleotides.	Carbohydrates	83-95	UDP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	47-50
23193216-8	2013	Carbohydrate-to-insulin ratio for HF dinner was significantly lower (9 +- 2 vs. 13 +- 3 g/unit; P = 0.01).	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	16-23
23770795-2	2013	It is characterized by relative or absolute deficiency of insulin secretion and/or insulin resistance that causes chronic hyperglycemia and impaired carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins metabolism.	Carbohydrates	149-162	insulin	Homo sapiens	58-65
23298910-1	2013	Capillary electrophoresis (CE) methods for transferrin analysis are widely used in clinical laboratories, but complement C3 peaks often overlap with carbohydrate-deficient transferrin peaks.	Carbohydrates	149-161	transferrin	Homo sapiens	172-183
23281299-4	2013	This article describes ethyl glucuronide, ethyl sulfate, phosphatidyl ethanol, and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin as biomarkers of drinking and summarizes research dealing with their application in patients with alcohol use disorders who are candidates for or recipients of liver transplantation.	Carbohydrates	83-95	transferrin	Homo sapiens	106-117
23103377-5	2013	Amongst them, dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) is an interesting candidate due to its biological properties and the availability of its natural carbohydrate ligands.	Carbohydrates	174-186	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	14-66
23103377-5	2013	Amongst them, dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) is an interesting candidate due to its biological properties and the availability of its natural carbohydrate ligands.	Carbohydrates	174-186	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	68-75
23471710-4	2013	His diabetes treatment included 32 units of insulin detemir once/day at bedtime and insulin aspart, determined by carbohydrate intake, 3 times/day with meals.	Carbohydrates	114-126	insulin	Homo sapiens	84-91
23489932-2	2013	G-protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43), also called free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2/FFAR2), binds short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by the microbial fermentation of carbohydrates and has shown promising therapeutic potential.	Carbohydrates	172-185	free fatty acid receptor 2	Homo sapiens	0-29
23489932-2	2013	G-protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43), also called free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2/FFAR2), binds short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by the microbial fermentation of carbohydrates and has shown promising therapeutic potential.	Carbohydrates	172-185	free fatty acid receptor 2	Homo sapiens	31-36
23489932-2	2013	G-protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43), also called free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2/FFAR2), binds short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by the microbial fermentation of carbohydrates and has shown promising therapeutic potential.	Carbohydrates	172-185	free fatty acid receptor 2	Homo sapiens	84-89
26273493-6	2013	Moreover, endocrine mediators, such as osteocalcin, are synthesized in the skeleton but regulate carbohydrate disposal and insulin secretion.	Carbohydrates	97-109	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein	Homo sapiens	39-50
23298910-0	2013	Improved capillary electrophoresis method for the analysis of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in human serum, avoiding interference by complement C3.	Carbohydrates	62-74	transferrin	Homo sapiens	85-96
23298910-4	2013	The carbohydrate-deficient transferrin concentrations determined using this system were in good agreement with those determined by HPLC, with acceptable reproducibility.	Carbohydrates	4-16	transferrin	Homo sapiens	27-38
23364526-0	2013	Reduced carbohydrate availability enhances exercise-induced p53 signaling in human skeletal muscle: implications for mitochondrial biogenesis.	Carbohydrates	8-20	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	60-63
23358894-3	2013	It is demonstrated that FGF21 acts on multiple tissue to coordinate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, including enhancing insulin sensitivity, decreasing triglyceride concentrations, causing weight loss, ameliorating obesity-associated hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia.	Carbohydrates	68-80	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	24-29
23090292-1	2013	The aim of this study was to observe the intracellular heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) and heme oxygenase-1 (HSP32) response to prolonged interval cycling following the ingestion of carbohydrates (CHO) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO(3)).	Carbohydrates	180-193	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1A	Homo sapiens	55-76
23090292-1	2013	The aim of this study was to observe the intracellular heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) and heme oxygenase-1 (HSP32) response to prolonged interval cycling following the ingestion of carbohydrates (CHO) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO(3)).	Carbohydrates	180-193	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1A	Homo sapiens	78-83
23228565-1	2013	Although it is well known that insulin controls the synthesis of glycogen from non-carbohydrates by down-regulating expression of several glyconeogenic enzymes, a mechanism of short-term inhibition of glyconeogenesis remains unknown.	Carbohydrates	83-96	insulin	Homo sapiens	31-38
22538930-6	2013	RESULTS: High-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed rats developed cardiovascular remodelling, impaired ventricular function, impaired glucose tolerance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with increased protein levels of NF-kappaB and decreased protein levels of Nrf2 and CPT1 in the heart and the liver.	Carbohydrates	14-26	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	257-261
23266504-11	2013	In the inhibition of the carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes fresh Senise peppers exerted the strongest activity against alpha-amylase with an IC(50) value of 55.3 mug/mL.	Carbohydrates	25-37	alpha-amylase	Capsicum annuum	118-131
23275449-0	2013	Protein domain histochemistry (PDH): binding of the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of recombinant human glycoreceptor CLEC10A (CD301) to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissues.	Carbohydrates	52-64	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	31-34
23419240-7	2013	Enriched among the most variably expressed genes from the entire data set were molecules regulating mitochondrial metabolism of carbohydrate (PDK4), fat (UCP3), protein (AGXT2L1) and high energy phosphate (CKMT2).	Carbohydrates	128-140	uncoupling protein 3	Bos taurus	154-158
23569420-1	2013	The PPARgamma nuclear receptor regulates the expression of genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and it has protective effects in some patients with type 2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	87-99	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	4-13
23021013-9	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Incorporating daily whole egg intake into a moderately carbohydrate-restricted diet provides further improvements in the atherogenic lipoprotein profile and in insulin resistance in individuals with MetS.	Carbohydrates	68-80	insulin	Homo sapiens	173-180
23303871-0	2013	Genetic variants at PSMD3 interact with dietary fat and carbohydrate to modulate insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	56-68	insulin	Homo sapiens	81-88
23745344-0	2013	Forensic aspects of postmortem serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin analysis as a marker of alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	37-49	transferrin	Homo sapiens	60-71
23745344-1	2013	INTRODUCTION: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) has been suggested as one of alcohol abuse indicators having produced good results in forensic medicine for years.	Carbohydrates	14-26	transferrin	Homo sapiens	37-48
23298785-4	2013	In the present study, we investigated the expression profile of ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 6 (ST8Sia VI) in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which is one of the modification transferases that add sialic acids to type O carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	253-265	ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 6	Homo sapiens	126-135
24049657-4	2013	Using the in vitro transwell system, we demonstrated that monocyte migration was potentiated in the presence of galectin-3 plus laminin or fibronectin, but not vitronectin, and was dependent on the carbohydrate recognition domain of the lectin.	Carbohydrates	198-210	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	139-150
23298785-4	2013	In the present study, we investigated the expression profile of ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 6 (ST8Sia VI) in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which is one of the modification transferases that add sialic acids to type O carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	253-265	ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 6	Homo sapiens	64-124
22961720-1	2013	UNLABELLED: What is already known about this subject Circulating concentrations of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) can affect carbohydrate metabolism in skeletal muscle, and therefore may alter insulin sensitivity.	Carbohydrates	129-141	insulin	Homo sapiens	197-204
23402493-0	2013	Co-ingestion of carbohydrate and whey protein isolates enhance PGC-1alpha mRNA expression: a randomised, single blind, cross over study.	Carbohydrates	16-28	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	63-73
23022226-4	2013	Here, the hypothesis is proposed that high-carbohydrate diets contribute to the association between hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance through activation of the transcription factor ChREBP (Carbohydrate response element binding protein).	Carbohydrates	43-55	insulin	Homo sapiens	122-129
23022226-4	2013	Here, the hypothesis is proposed that high-carbohydrate diets contribute to the association between hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance through activation of the transcription factor ChREBP (Carbohydrate response element binding protein).	Carbohydrates	43-55	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	188-194
23022226-4	2013	Here, the hypothesis is proposed that high-carbohydrate diets contribute to the association between hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance through activation of the transcription factor ChREBP (Carbohydrate response element binding protein).	Carbohydrates	43-55	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	196-241
22775199-9	2013	Following ingestion of a carbohydrate rich "continental" breakfast or a calorie reduced "American" FDA standard breakfast, a rapid increase in insulin and C-peptide concentrations were observed.	Carbohydrates	25-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	143-150
22775199-9	2013	Following ingestion of a carbohydrate rich "continental" breakfast or a calorie reduced "American" FDA standard breakfast, a rapid increase in insulin and C-peptide concentrations were observed.	Carbohydrates	25-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	155-164
23306210-11	2013	Carbohydrate-rich diet triggers insulin response to enhance the bioavailability of tryptophan in the CNS which is responsible for increased craving of carbohydrate diets.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	32-39
23306210-11	2013	Carbohydrate-rich diet triggers insulin response to enhance the bioavailability of tryptophan in the CNS which is responsible for increased craving of carbohydrate diets.	Carbohydrates	151-163	insulin	Homo sapiens	32-39
23792502-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is produced almost entirely by the liver and is the main promoter of anabolic growth hormone (GH) effects on protein, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	167-179	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	12-40
23792502-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is produced almost entirely by the liver and is the main promoter of anabolic growth hormone (GH) effects on protein, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	167-179	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	42-47
23792502-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is produced almost entirely by the liver and is the main promoter of anabolic growth hormone (GH) effects on protein, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	167-179	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	127-141
23792502-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is produced almost entirely by the liver and is the main promoter of anabolic growth hormone (GH) effects on protein, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	167-179	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	143-145
22851004-1	2013	Galectin-3 (gal-3) is involved in the metastatic cascade and interacts with the cancer-associated carbohydrate, Thomsen-Freidenreich (TF) antigen during early stages of metastatic adhesion and tumor formation.	Carbohydrates	98-110	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	0-17
23042378-3	2013	Utilizing an adeno-associated virus (dsAAV8), overexpression of PPARalpha was induced specifically in pancreatic beta-cells of adult, C57Bl/6 mice fed a high-fat diet for 20 weeks and carbohydrate metabolism and beta-cell mass assessed.	Carbohydrates	184-196	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	64-73
23542570-3	2013	AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This case control study aimed at evaluating the usefulness of Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin (CDT) as a sensitive marker to diagnose alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	83-95	transferrin	Homo sapiens	106-117
23542570-11	2013	Percentage of Serum Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin (%CDT) was assessed using immuno Turbidimetric assay, ELISA method (iMark, Bio-Rad Laboratories,).	Carbohydrates	20-32	transferrin	Homo sapiens	43-54
23351781-2	2013	We hypothesized that the greater endogenous insulin release following co-ingestion of carbohydrate facilitates post-prandial muscle protein accretion after ingesting a meal-like bolus of protein in older males.	Carbohydrates	86-98	insulin	Homo sapiens	44-51
23306187-10	2013	Children"s milk powders containing higher levels of added carbohydrate ingredients elicit higher glucose and insulin responses than liquid or powdered whole milk.	Carbohydrates	58-70	insulin	Homo sapiens	109-116
23317295-7	2013	RESULTS: The Insulin Resistant (IR) group had higher energy, carbohydrate and protein intakes (p &lt; 0.05) and lower PA levels than Insulin Sensitive (IS) group (P &lt; 0.001), but there were no differences in RER or RER:FQ between groups.	Carbohydrates	61-73	insulin	Homo sapiens	13-20
23065992-1	2013	Insulin is the hormone produced by pancreatic beta-cells, with a central role in carbohydrate and fat metabolism.	Carbohydrates	81-93	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
24364044-1	2013	AIM: Adiponectin and leptin are two adipokines playing important roles in the regulation of body weight, appetite, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	115-127	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	5-16
23353610-0	2013	Oral carbohydrate loading with 18% carbohydrate beverage alleviates insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	5-17	insulin	Homo sapiens	68-75
25387022-4	2013	Alterations in systemic physiology support a shift in carbohydrate metabolism, evident through changes such as basal and stimulated circulating insulin levels.	Carbohydrates	54-66	insulin	Homo sapiens	144-151
23353610-10	2013	Preoperative 18% carbohydrate loading could prevent the decrease in insulin sensitivity and suppress catabolism in healthy volunteers.	Carbohydrates	17-29	insulin	Homo sapiens	68-75
23353610-0	2013	Oral carbohydrate loading with 18% carbohydrate beverage alleviates insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	35-47	insulin	Homo sapiens	68-75
23353610-1	2013	Preoperative 12.6% oral carbohydrate loading is an element of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol aimed at alleviating postoperative insulin resistance; however, in Japan, beverages with 18% carbohydrate content are generally used for preoperative carbohydrate loading.	Carbohydrates	24-36	insulin	Homo sapiens	149-156
23353610-2	2013	We investigated the effect of 18% carbohydrate loading on alleviating insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	34-46	insulin	Homo sapiens	70-77
24672982-0	2013	[Evaluation of an original tool for carbohydrate counting, aimed at facilitating the implementation of functional insulin therapy].	Carbohydrates	36-48	insulin	Homo sapiens	114-121
23379555-1	2013	Insulin stimulates carbohydrate uptake by cells and induces their conversion into lipids as a more efficient form of energy storage.	Carbohydrates	19-31	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
24672982-1	2013	OBJECTIVE: Carbohydrate counting is the most difficult component of functional insulin therapy.	Carbohydrates	11-23	insulin	Homo sapiens	79-86
24672982-13	2013	CONCLUSION: This new illustrated food repertory allows accurate evaluation of the highly variable carbohydrate content of meals, and could thus facilitate functional insulin therapy.	Carbohydrates	98-110	insulin	Homo sapiens	166-173
23478223-7	2013	The "healthy primitive lifestyle" hypothesis assumes that evolution has selected genetic polymorphisms leading to insulin resistance as an adaptative strategy to cope with continuous low intensity physical activity and a special alimentation based on lean meat and wild herbs (i.e., moderately high in protein, rich in low glycemic index carbohydrates, and poor in saturated fat).	Carbohydrates	338-351	insulin	Homo sapiens	114-121
23400223-0	2013	Macrophage recognition of cells with elevated calcium is mediated by carbohydrate chains of CD43.	Carbohydrates	69-81	sialophorin	Homo sapiens	92-96
23176218-4	2013	PPARgamma plays an important role in regulating carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and ligands for PPARgamma can improve insulin sensitivity and reduce triglyceride levels.	Carbohydrates	48-60	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-9
23176218-4	2013	PPARgamma plays an important role in regulating carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and ligands for PPARgamma can improve insulin sensitivity and reduce triglyceride levels.	Carbohydrates	48-60	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	99-108
23801024-2	2013	Insulin resistance (IR) is connected with disturbances in switching between lipid and carbohydrate oxidation in response to insulin, called "metabolic inflexibility".	Carbohydrates	86-98	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
23801024-2	2013	Insulin resistance (IR) is connected with disturbances in switching between lipid and carbohydrate oxidation in response to insulin, called "metabolic inflexibility".	Carbohydrates	86-98	insulin	Homo sapiens	124-131
22284538-1	2013	The ubiquitous serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) regulates diverse, essential cellular processes such as cell cycle progression, protein synthesis, muscle contraction, carbohydrate metabolism, transcription and neuronal signaling.	Carbohydrates	179-191	inorganic pyrophosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	32-53
22831182-0	2013	Adherence to a low-fat vs. low-carbohydrate diet differs by insulin resistance status.	Carbohydrates	31-43	insulin	Homo sapiens	60-67
22284538-1	2013	The ubiquitous serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) regulates diverse, essential cellular processes such as cell cycle progression, protein synthesis, muscle contraction, carbohydrate metabolism, transcription and neuronal signaling.	Carbohydrates	179-191	inorganic pyrophosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	55-58
24381591-6	2013	In susceptible individuals, chronic exaggerated stimulation of the proximal gut with fat and carbohydrates may induce overproduction of an unknown factor that causes impairment of incretin production and/or action, leading to insufficient or untimely production of insulin, so that glucose intolerance develops.	Carbohydrates	93-106	insulin	Homo sapiens	265-272
22528626-8	2013	Greater obesity risk was also found in inactive or high carbohydrate intake subjects with the Ala12 allele of PPARG2 gene.	Carbohydrates	56-68	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	110-116
22942212-6	2013	This effect is not mediated through a G-protein-coupled receptor but potentially through the sialoglycoprotein CD43, via carbohydrate binding and through the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.	Carbohydrates	121-133	sialophorin	Homo sapiens	111-115
25702427-3	2013	RESULTS: Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in MS patients are associated with the high levels of systemic inflammation markers (CRP, TNF-alpha, IL-6) and a two-fold rise in the PAI-1 level.	Carbohydrates	22-34	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	131-134
23885987-0	2013	Carbohydrate intake interacts with SNP276G&gt;T polymorphism in the adiponectin gene to affect fasting blood glucose, HbA1C, and HDL cholesterol in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	68-79
25702427-3	2013	RESULTS: Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in MS patients are associated with the high levels of systemic inflammation markers (CRP, TNF-alpha, IL-6) and a two-fold rise in the PAI-1 level.	Carbohydrates	22-34	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	136-145
25702427-3	2013	RESULTS: Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in MS patients are associated with the high levels of systemic inflammation markers (CRP, TNF-alpha, IL-6) and a two-fold rise in the PAI-1 level.	Carbohydrates	22-34	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	147-151
23739598-0	2013	[Carbohydrate deficient transferrin and ethyl glucuronide: markers for alcohol use].	Carbohydrates	1-13	transferrin	Homo sapiens	24-35
23739598-1	2013	In this article, we report on the usefulness of physicians testing for carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) and ethyl glucuronide (EtG) when there are doubts about alcohol use by their patients.	Carbohydrates	71-83	transferrin	Homo sapiens	94-105
23859041-8	2013	Interaction within the p38-signaling pathway included MAPK14 with calories, carbohydrates saturated fat, selenium, vitamin C; MAP3K2 and carbohydrates, and folic acid.	Carbohydrates	76-89	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	23-26
23505176-8	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, a three and six isocaloric high-carbohydrate meal frequency pattern differentially alters postprandial TAG and insulin concentrations but has no effect on postprandial cholesterol, oxidative stress, or antioxidant activity in obese women.	Carbohydrates	59-71	insulin	Homo sapiens	138-145
22858200-14	2013	CONCLUSIONS: The AGT Met235Thr polymorphism was significantly associated with a higher caloric intake owing to total fat and carbohydrate consumption.	Carbohydrates	125-137	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	17-20
23390540-8	2013	These results suggest that IgE to a carbohydrate antigen can be formed (probably as part of a glycoprotein or glycolipid) even against a background of bacterial immune stimulation with essentially the same antigen.	Carbohydrates	36-48	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	27-30
23399413-6	2013	The presence of distinct carbohydrates structures dependent upon the combined polymorphism at the FUT2, FUT3 and ABO loci influences susceptibility to NoV infection.	Carbohydrates	25-38	fucosyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	98-102
23469306-3	2013	Recent in vitro studies have shown that Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites induced human colonic CaCo2 cells to synthesize TLR-2 and TLR-4 and proinflammatory cytokines after binding to the amebic Gal/GalNac lectin carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	215-227	toll like receptor 2	Homo sapiens	123-128
23565164-3	2013	Here, to create designed slowly digestible carbohydrates, the structure of waxy corn starch (WCS) was modified using a known branching enzyme alone (BE) and an in combination with beta-amylase (BA) to increase further the alpha-1,6 branching ratio.	Carbohydrates	43-56	beta-amylase	Zea mays	180-192
23565164-3	2013	Here, to create designed slowly digestible carbohydrates, the structure of waxy corn starch (WCS) was modified using a known branching enzyme alone (BE) and an in combination with beta-amylase (BA) to increase further the alpha-1,6 branching ratio.	Carbohydrates	43-56	beta-amylase	Zea mays	194-196
23520550-5	2013	Suppression of Txnip by lipopolysaccharide is accompanied by a decrease of the glucose sensing transcription factor MondoA in the nuclei and dissociation of the MondoA:Mlx complex that bound to the carbohydrate-response elements in the Txnip promoter in unstimulated cells.	Carbohydrates	198-210	thioredoxin interacting protein	Homo sapiens	15-20
22902807-0	2012	Disialo-trisialo bridging of transferrin is due to increased branching and fucosylation of the carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	95-107	transferrin	Homo sapiens	29-40
23705334-8	2013	By altering the endocrine function of organs such as adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, and skeletal muscle, EDCs disrupt the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids, leading in turn to insulin resistance and diabetes and obesity, which both increase the risk of cardiovascular complications.	Carbohydrates	138-151	insulin	Homo sapiens	183-190
23379548-0	2013	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin depends on disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic sclerosis.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
23379548-2	2013	The aim of this study was to determine and compare the levels of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic sclerosis (SSc), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).	Carbohydrates	65-77	transferrin	Homo sapiens	88-99
23336174-10	2013	Vaspin is presumably an adipocytokine that can increase insulin sensitivity, promote insulin secretion by islet beta-cells and improve glucose tolerance, and it may be involved in insulin resistance and the disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	222-234	serpin family A member 12	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
22902807-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) is used for detection of alcohol abuse and follow-up.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
23086940-1	2012	Carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) is an insulin-independent, glucose-responsive transcription factor that is expressed at high levels in liver hepatocytes where it plays a critical role in converting excess carbohydrates to fat for storage.	Carbohydrates	228-241	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	0-45
23086940-1	2012	Carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) is an insulin-independent, glucose-responsive transcription factor that is expressed at high levels in liver hepatocytes where it plays a critical role in converting excess carbohydrates to fat for storage.	Carbohydrates	228-241	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	47-53
23151455-5	2012	Furthermore, we found that a carbohydrate-free dietetic regimen that lowers the fasting glucose levels blunts p53 mutant expression and oncogenic activity relative to a normal diet in several animal model systems.	Carbohydrates	29-41	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	110-113
25969756-3	2012	Snail attractant containing bait formulations was prepared from different binary combination (1 : 1 ratio) of carbohydrates (glucose, starch 10 mM) and amino acid (methionine, histidine 10 mM) in 100 ml of 2% agar solution + sublethal (20% and 60% of 24 h and 96 h LC50) doses of different molluscicides (eugenol, ferulic acid, umbelliferone, and limonene).	Carbohydrates	110-123	snail family transcriptional repressor 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
22669261-0	2012	Regulated expression and neural functions of human natural killer-1 (HNK-1) carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	76-88	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	69-74
22669261-1	2012	Human natural killer-1 (HNK-1) carbohydrate, comprising a unique trisaccharide HSO(3)-3GlcAbeta1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc, shows well-regulated expression and unique functions in the nervous system.	Carbohydrates	31-43	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	24-29
22669261-4	2012	Functional aspects of HNK-1 carbohydrate were examined by overexpression, knockdown, and knockout studies of these enzymes.	Carbohydrates	28-40	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	22-27
22669261-6	2012	In this review, we describe recent findings about HNK-1 carbohydrate that provide further insights into the mechanism of its expression and function in the nervous system.	Carbohydrates	56-68	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	50-55
23164767-8	2012	The essential components of an insulin infusion system include use of a validated insulin titration program, availability of appropriate staffing resources, accurate monitoring technology, and standardized approaches to infusion preparation, provision of consistent carbohydrate calories and nutritional support, and dextrose replacement for hypoglycemia prevention and treatment.	Carbohydrates	266-278	insulin	Homo sapiens	31-38
23166201-0	2012	Growth Hormone Responses to Consecutive Exercise Bouts with Ingestion of Carbohydrate plus Protein.	Carbohydrates	73-85	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	0-14
23022408-4	2012	Methylglyoxal (MG)-a metabolite of carbohydrates-is believed to cause insulin resistance by inducing inflammation and pancreas damage.	Carbohydrates	35-48	MAX dimerization protein MGA	Rattus norvegicus	0-20
23109487-0	2012	Transferrin immunoextraction for determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in human serum by capillary zone electrophoresis.	Carbohydrates	50-62	transferrin	Homo sapiens	0-11
23109487-0	2012	Transferrin immunoextraction for determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in human serum by capillary zone electrophoresis.	Carbohydrates	50-62	transferrin	Homo sapiens	73-84
23109487-1	2012	CZE-based assays for carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in which serum is mixed with an Fe(III) ion-containing solution prior to analysis are effective approaches for the determination of CDT in patient samples.	Carbohydrates	21-33	transferrin	Homo sapiens	44-55
23447881-5	2012	RESULTS: Equine colostral carbohydrates significantly reduced LPS-induced TNF-alpha protein at both times measured and significantly reduced LPS-induced TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-10 mRNA expression by PBMCs.	Carbohydrates	26-39	tumor necrosis factor	Equus caballus	74-83
23447881-5	2012	RESULTS: Equine colostral carbohydrates significantly reduced LPS-induced TNF-alpha protein at both times measured and significantly reduced LPS-induced TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-10 mRNA expression by PBMCs.	Carbohydrates	26-39	tumor necrosis factor	Equus caballus	153-162
22705093-0	2012	Combining protein and carbohydrate increases postprandial insulin levels but does not improve glucose response in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	22-34	insulin	Homo sapiens	58-65
22705093-1	2012	OBJECTIVE: A combined load of carbohydrate and protein stimulates insulin secretion.	Carbohydrates	30-42	insulin	Homo sapiens	66-73
22705093-10	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Combining carbohydrate with protein can elevate postprandial insulin levels, but decreases insulin action, and therefore does not improve glucose response in T2D subjects.	Carbohydrates	23-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	74-81
22705093-10	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Combining carbohydrate with protein can elevate postprandial insulin levels, but decreases insulin action, and therefore does not improve glucose response in T2D subjects.	Carbohydrates	23-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	104-111
23166201-9	2012	Ingesting carbohydrate with added whey protein isolate during short-term recovery from 90 minutes of treadmill running increases the growth hormone response to a second exhaustive exercise bout of similar duration.	Carbohydrates	10-22	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	133-147
22990237-4	2012	We report that ablation of AgRP-neurons leads to a change in autonomic output onto liver, muscle and pancreas affecting the relative balance between lipids and carbohydrates metabolism.	Carbohydrates	160-173	agouti related neuropeptide	Mus musculus	27-31
22878591-0	2012	Advanced gestational age increases serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin levels in abstinent pregnant women.	Carbohydrates	41-53	transferrin	Homo sapiens	64-75
23457133-0	2012	A high-carbohydrate diet effects on the A allele of hepatic lipase polymorphism on the apoB100/apoAI ratio in young Chinese males.	Carbohydrates	7-19	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	87-94
23457133-0	2012	A high-carbohydrate diet effects on the A allele of hepatic lipase polymorphism on the apoB100/apoAI ratio in young Chinese males.	Carbohydrates	7-19	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	95-100
22878591-1	2012	AIMS: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (%CDT) is a well-established and highly specific biomarker for sustained heavy consumption of alcohol.	Carbohydrates	6-18	transferrin	Homo sapiens	29-40
22930204-9	2012	The carbohydrate intake was positively correlated to AT omega-6, r = 0.38, p &lt; 0.001, and negatively with serum apoA1, r = -0.27, p = 0.005.	Carbohydrates	4-16	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	115-120
23101953-0	2012	Carbohydrate-to-insulin ratio is estimated from 300-400 divided by total daily insulin dose in type 1 diabetes patients who use the insulin pump.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	16-23
23101953-0	2012	Carbohydrate-to-insulin ratio is estimated from 300-400 divided by total daily insulin dose in type 1 diabetes patients who use the insulin pump.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	79-86
23101953-0	2012	Carbohydrate-to-insulin ratio is estimated from 300-400 divided by total daily insulin dose in type 1 diabetes patients who use the insulin pump.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	79-86
23101953-2	2012	It is recommended that total daily basal insulin dose (TBD) is 50% of TDD and that the carbohydrate-to-insulin ratio (CIR) equals 500 divided by TDD.	Carbohydrates	87-99	insulin	Homo sapiens	103-110
22796095-1	2012	This study reports characteristics of different derivatives produced between CelA, a major endoglucanase of Clostridium thermocellum and carbohydrate binding domain of family 3a (CBM3a).	Carbohydrates	137-149	kil protein	Escherichia coli	77-81
22765260-6	2012	RESULTS: Using CFP counting, 6-h postprandial glucose AUC (805 +- 261) and AV (137.8 +- 46.2) were significantly lower than AUC (926 +- 285) and AV (160.5 +- 51.9) by CARB counting (p &lt; 0.001, each).	Carbohydrates	167-171	complement factor properdin	Homo sapiens	15-18
22765260-10	2012	CONCLUSION: In patients with long-term T1D, meal-related insulin dosing based on carbohydrate plus fat/protein counting reduces the postprandial glucose levels (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01400659).	Carbohydrates	81-93	insulin	Homo sapiens	57-64
22776045-14	2012	The insulin:carbohydrate ratio correlated significantly to the insulin-dose/24 h (p = 0.003) and the correction factor to the insulin-dose/24 h (p = 0.035) and age (p &lt; 0.001).	Carbohydrates	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	4-11
22776045-14	2012	The insulin:carbohydrate ratio correlated significantly to the insulin-dose/24 h (p = 0.003) and the correction factor to the insulin-dose/24 h (p = 0.035) and age (p &lt; 0.001).	Carbohydrates	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	63-70
22776045-14	2012	The insulin:carbohydrate ratio correlated significantly to the insulin-dose/24 h (p = 0.003) and the correction factor to the insulin-dose/24 h (p = 0.035) and age (p &lt; 0.001).	Carbohydrates	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	63-70
22935046-0	2012	A high carbohydrate diet induces the beneficial effect of the CC genotype of hepatic lipase C-514T polymorphism on the apoB100/apoAI ratio only in young Chinese males.	Carbohydrates	7-19	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	119-126
22935046-0	2012	A high carbohydrate diet induces the beneficial effect of the CC genotype of hepatic lipase C-514T polymorphism on the apoB100/apoAI ratio only in young Chinese males.	Carbohydrates	7-19	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	127-132
22008510-5	2012	A mixture of recombinant ZP3 (rZP3) and rZP4 displayed sperm-binding activity toward bovine sperm but not porcine sperm, probably due to differences in carbohydrate structure between the native and recombinant ZP glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	152-164	zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 3	Bos taurus	25-28
22869588-8	2012	Binding of Nrf2 to ARE also suppressed the binding of MondoA to the carbohydrate response element with or without high glucose.	Carbohydrates	68-80	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	11-15
23175333-0	2012	Role of ghrelin and leptin in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	48-60	leptin	Capra hircus	20-26
23060289-2	2012	In this study, we used lectin-binding ELISA to assess the carbohydrate compositions of THP, BSA, IgG, TNF-alpha, and IFN-g.	Carbohydrates	58-70	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	117-122
21918816-5	2012	The structural basis from the native to fibril form, as well as the carbohydrate binding sites on Reg Ialpha, remain unknown.	Carbohydrates	68-80	regenerating family member 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	98-101
22845790-1	2012	We report results of static and dynamic light scattering measurements performed on bovine serum albumin (BSA) in saccharide (trehalose and sucrose) solutions.	Carbohydrates	113-123	albumin	Homo sapiens	90-103
23020536-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Adiponectin plays important roles in the endocrine and cardiovascular systems, in fat and carbohydrate metabolism, and inflammation.	Carbohydrates	102-114	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	12-23
22980197-3	2012	To determine the biological consequences of high circulating adiponectin levels on carbohydrate and insulin metabolism as well as relations with cardiovascular function and mortality in the uremic milieu, further studies need to take into account both high-, and low-molecular weight adiponectin moieties as well as the role of adiponectin receptors.	Carbohydrates	83-95	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	61-72
22750129-2	2012	In this context, leptin and adiponectin, the two most abundant adipocyte products, represent one of the best example of adipocytokines involved in the control of energy expenditure, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism as well as in the regulation of immune responses.	Carbohydrates	192-204	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	28-39
22750129-4	2012	In this review we focus on the main biological activities of leptin and adiponectin on the lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and on their contribute in regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses.	Carbohydrates	101-113	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	72-83
22750067-7	2012	Despite possessing 76% amino acid identity and 86% sequence homology, we found that mouse beta2-GPI differs from the human protein in size, carbohydrate chain location, heterogeneity and secondary structural content.	Carbohydrates	140-152	apolipoprotein H	Mus musculus	90-99
22038462-8	2012	When a bun or sucrose and milk were consumed together with coffee, lower GI values and insulin responses were observed, reflecting the carbohydrate quality and protein content of the accompaniments.	Carbohydrates	135-147	insulin	Homo sapiens	87-94
22464678-0	2012	A flexible diet using an insulin to carbohydrate ratio for adolescents with type 1 diabetes - a pilot study.	Carbohydrates	36-48	insulin	Homo sapiens	25-32
22836489-1	2012	Liver X receptor (LXR) alpha and beta are nuclear receptors that are crucial for the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	99-111	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3	Rattus norvegicus	0-28
22551950-10	2012	The low-fat high-complex carbohydrate diets reduced ATGL and HSL protein expression and significantly improved circulating lipids and insulin sensitivity.	Carbohydrates	25-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	134-141
22722257-5	2012	In patients with PDAC, circulating IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-10 correlated with serum concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor; circulating IL-6, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha correlated with carbohydrate 19-9; and IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-alpha correlated with CEA levels.	Carbohydrates	241-253	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	35-39
23198022-10	2012	Positive associations were found between carbohydrate (CHO) intake and total IgE and specific IgEs to egg whites, milk, soy, and peanuts (P &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	41-53	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	77-80
22840388-4	2012	Insulin inhibition, effected by a supervised carbohydrate dietary restriction (5% of total kilocalories), was monitored for macronutrient intake, body weight, serum electrolytes, beta-hydroxybutyrate, insulin, and insulin-like growth factors-1 and -2.	Carbohydrates	45-57	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
22747463-8	2012	We previously reported a small molecule that embodies key features of the carbohydrates that bind DC-SIGN.	Carbohydrates	74-87	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	98-105
21963292-0	2012	Detection and measurement of carbohydrate deficient transferrin in serum using immuno-capture mass spectrometry: diagnostic applications for annual ryegrass toxicity and corynetoxin exposure.	Carbohydrates	29-41	transferrin	Homo sapiens	52-63
21963292-4	2012	Chronic ingestion of corynetoxins has been modeled in rats exposed to dietary tunicamycins for 12 months and carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) has been previously identified as a candidate disease biomarker.	Carbohydrates	109-121	transferrin	Rattus norvegicus	132-143
22747463-10	2012	Using NMR HSQC experiments, we found that the compound mimics saccharide ligands: It occupies the same carbohydrate-binding site and interacts with the same amino acid residues on DC-SIGN.	Carbohydrates	62-72	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	180-187
22674476-7	2012	Under both conditions - overfeeding and caloric restriction - high fat/low carbohydrate (HF/LC) diet significantly increased phosphorylation of AMPK and deacetylation of PGC1alpha in skeletal muscle without affecting total amounts of AMPK, PGC1alpha, or SIRT 1.	Carbohydrates	75-87	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	170-179
22728091-5	2012	Using a mouse model of muscle-eye-brain disease lacking functional protein O-mannose beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (POMGnT1), we show that RPTPzeta/phosphacan is shifted to a lower molecular weight and distinct carbohydrate epitopes normally detected on the protein are either absent or substantially reduced, including Human Natural Killer-1 (HNK-1) reactivity.	Carbohydrates	222-234	protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type Z, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	150-158
22747483-13	2012	Serum IgE to carbohydrate MUXF3, although unexpectedly prevalent, were low and did not modify D. pteronyssinus IgE levels.	Carbohydrates	13-25	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	6-9
22674476-7	2012	Under both conditions - overfeeding and caloric restriction - high fat/low carbohydrate (HF/LC) diet significantly increased phosphorylation of AMPK and deacetylation of PGC1alpha in skeletal muscle without affecting total amounts of AMPK, PGC1alpha, or SIRT 1.	Carbohydrates	75-87	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	240-249
22674476-8	2012	In contrast, low fat/high carbohydrate (LF/HC) hypocaloric diet reduced phosphorylation of AMPK and deacetylation of PGC1alpha.	Carbohydrates	26-38	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	117-126
22674476-9	2012	Our data indicate that a relative deficiency in carbohydrate intake or, albeit less likely, a relative excess of fat intake even in the absence of caloric deprivation is sufficient to activate the AMPK-SIRT 1-PGC1alpha energy-sensing cellular network in human skeletal muscle.	Carbohydrates	48-60	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	209-218
23185754-9	2012	Genes correlated to carbohydrate metabolism included AGL, B3GNT1, FUT9, ST8SIA4, SULT1A4, DDOST, and PIGL, mainly involved in glucogen degradation and glycoconjugate biosynthesis.	Carbohydrates	20-32	amylo-alpha-1, 6-glucosidase, 4-alpha-glucanotransferase	Homo sapiens	53-56
22922256-2	2012	Disruption of the extensive carbohydrate structure normally present on alpha-dystroglycan causes an array of congenital and limb girdle muscular dystrophies known as dystroglycanopathies.	Carbohydrates	28-40	dystroglycan 1	Mus musculus	77-89
22621344-0	2012	Moss-based production of asialo-erythropoietin devoid of Lewis A and other plant-typical carbohydrate determinants.	Carbohydrates	89-101	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	32-46
22743023-6	2012	High carbohydrate antigen 125 levels are closely related to the presence of serosal fluid and positively correlated with serum TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-10 levels in heart failure patients.	Carbohydrates	5-17	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	127-136
22743023-6	2012	High carbohydrate antigen 125 levels are closely related to the presence of serosal fluid and positively correlated with serum TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-10 levels in heart failure patients.	Carbohydrates	5-17	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	138-142
22778134-3	2012	Here we show that in Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila Cbl (dCbl) regulates longevity and carbohydrate metabolism through downregulating the production of Drosophila insulin-like peptides (dILPs) in the brain.	Carbohydrates	92-104	Cbl proto-oncogene	Drosophila melanogaster	57-60
22778134-3	2012	Here we show that in Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila Cbl (dCbl) regulates longevity and carbohydrate metabolism through downregulating the production of Drosophila insulin-like peptides (dILPs) in the brain.	Carbohydrates	92-104	Cbl proto-oncogene	Drosophila melanogaster	62-66
22778134-4	2012	We found that dCbl was highly expressed in the brain and knockdown of the expression of dCbl specifically in neurons by RNA interference increased sensitivity to oxidative stress or starvation, decreased carbohydrate levels, and shortened life span.	Carbohydrates	204-216	Cbl proto-oncogene	Drosophila melanogaster	14-18
22778134-4	2012	We found that dCbl was highly expressed in the brain and knockdown of the expression of dCbl specifically in neurons by RNA interference increased sensitivity to oxidative stress or starvation, decreased carbohydrate levels, and shortened life span.	Carbohydrates	204-216	Cbl proto-oncogene	Drosophila melanogaster	88-92
23185754-9	2012	Genes correlated to carbohydrate metabolism included AGL, B3GNT1, FUT9, ST8SIA4, SULT1A4, DDOST, and PIGL, mainly involved in glucogen degradation and glycoconjugate biosynthesis.	Carbohydrates	20-32	dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein glycosyltransferase non-catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	90-95
23185754-9	2012	Genes correlated to carbohydrate metabolism included AGL, B3GNT1, FUT9, ST8SIA4, SULT1A4, DDOST, and PIGL, mainly involved in glucogen degradation and glycoconjugate biosynthesis.	Carbohydrates	20-32	phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class L	Homo sapiens	101-105
22669333-0	2012	Short-term low carbohydrate/high-fat diet intake increases postprandial plasma glucose and glucagon-like peptide-1 levels during an oral glucose tolerance test in healthy men.	Carbohydrates	15-27	glucagon	Homo sapiens	91-114
22649075-9	2012	The Slc2a8 null mice display decreased body fat by magnetic resonance imaging, and, interestingly, they are resistant to a diet high in fat and carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	144-157	solute carrier family 2, (facilitated glucose transporter), member 8	Mus musculus	4-10
22771189-0	2012	Low carbohydrate, high protein diet promotes atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E/low-density lipoprotein receptor double knockout mice (apoE/LDLR(-/-)).	Carbohydrates	4-16	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	64-80
22234957-7	2012	In further testing CBD requirements, we show that MTG binds N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner, and thereby binds HRP-epitope glycans, but that these carbohydrate interactions do not require the CBD.	Carbohydrates	173-185	mind the gap	Drosophila melanogaster	50-53
22853297-0	2012	Aspartame in conjunction with carbohydrate reduces insulin levels during endurance exercise.	Carbohydrates	30-42	insulin	Homo sapiens	51-58
22613667-2	2012	The carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of ASGP-R has three Ca(2+)  binding sites (sites 1, 2 and 3), with Ca(2+)  at site 2 being directly involved in ligand binding.	Carbohydrates	4-16	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	45-51
22688548-1	2012	OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the effects of mixed meals differing in glycemic index (GI) and carbohydrate content on postprandial serum glucose and insulin response, hunger, and satiety over the course of a 12-h day.	Carbohydrates	88-100	insulin	Homo sapiens	143-150
22853297-2	2012	Therefore, the aim of this preliminary study was to profile the insulin and blood glucose responses in healthy individuals after aspartame and carbohydrate ingestion during rest and exercise.	Carbohydrates	143-155	insulin	Homo sapiens	64-71
22853297-5	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Aspartame with carbohydrate significantly lowered insulin levels during exercise versus carbohydrate alone.	Carbohydrates	28-40	insulin	Homo sapiens	63-70
22705769-7	2012	Cardiac pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 expression was upregulated by Ang II and PE, resulting in a reduction in the pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, the rate-limiting step for carbohydrate oxidation.	Carbohydrates	177-189	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isoenzyme 4	Mus musculus	8-39
22661717-1	2012	Previous studies have shown that starvation or consumption of a high fat, low carbohydrate (HF-LC) ketogenic diet induces hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) gene expression in part by activating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha).	Carbohydrates	78-90	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	208-256
22661717-1	2012	Previous studies have shown that starvation or consumption of a high fat, low carbohydrate (HF-LC) ketogenic diet induces hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) gene expression in part by activating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha).	Carbohydrates	78-90	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	258-267
22582186-1	2012	AIMS: The aim of this study was to test whether liver diseases of alcoholic and non-alcoholic origin cause false-positive carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) results when the particle-enhanced immunonephelometry for CDT assays is used and to assess the effect of liver disease severity on N-Latex CDT results.	Carbohydrates	122-134	transferrin	Homo sapiens	145-156
21984377-2	2012	The metabolic derangement associated with insulin resistance is extensive and not restricted to carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	96-109	insulin	Homo sapiens	42-49
23413690-0	2012	[Molecular forms of adiponectin: comparative evaluation of their correlations with parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism].	Carbohydrates	97-109	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	20-31
22705769-7	2012	Cardiac pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 expression was upregulated by Ang II and PE, resulting in a reduction in the pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, the rate-limiting step for carbohydrate oxidation.	Carbohydrates	177-189	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	70-76
22268422-9	2012	CONCLUSIONS: In patients using intensive insulin therapy, an individually calculated insulin dose for 60 g carbohydrate results in postprandial hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia for meals containing 40 and 80 g carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	209-221	insulin	Homo sapiens	85-92
22288377-1	2012	Expression of cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) is very much influenced by nutritional factors, especially carbohydrate consumption, and various results concerning the expression of CYP2E1 were obtained with a low-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	101-113	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-32
22891522-6	2012	C-reactive protein level had a significant association with body mass index (r = 0.18), adiposity (r = 0.23), smoking (r = 0.20), carbohydrate intake (r = 0.19) and saturated fatty acid (r = 0.20).	Carbohydrates	130-142	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	0-18
22268422-0	2012	In children using intensive insulin therapy, a 20-g variation in carbohydrate amount significantly impacts on postprandial glycaemia.	Carbohydrates	65-77	insulin	Homo sapiens	28-35
22268422-1	2012	AIM: To determine if an insulin dose calculated for a meal containing 60 g carbohydrate maintains postprandial glycaemic control for meals containing 40, 50, 70 or 80 g carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	75-87	insulin	Homo sapiens	24-31
22268422-6	2012	There was a one in three chance of hypoglycaemia between 120 and 180 min if an insulin dose for 60 g carbohydrate was given for 40 g carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	101-113	insulin	Homo sapiens	79-86
22268422-6	2012	There was a one in three chance of hypoglycaemia between 120 and 180 min if an insulin dose for 60 g carbohydrate was given for 40 g carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	133-145	insulin	Homo sapiens	79-86
22268422-9	2012	CONCLUSIONS: In patients using intensive insulin therapy, an individually calculated insulin dose for 60 g carbohydrate results in postprandial hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia for meals containing 40 and 80 g carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	107-119	insulin	Homo sapiens	41-48
22268422-9	2012	CONCLUSIONS: In patients using intensive insulin therapy, an individually calculated insulin dose for 60 g carbohydrate results in postprandial hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia for meals containing 40 and 80 g carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	107-119	insulin	Homo sapiens	85-92
22790046-1	2012	The hot-water extracts of Lentinula edodes mycelia(LEM)contain carbohydrates, proteins, phenolic compounds, and lignin digest, which perform various physiological activities.	Carbohydrates	63-76	lymphocyte expansion molecule	Homo sapiens	51-54
25089189-8	2012	Several studies have now reported that adults with greater insulin resistance are more successful with weight loss on a lower-carbohydrate diet compared with a lower-fat diet, whereas adults with greater insulin sensitivity are equally or more successful with weight loss on a lower-fat diet compared with a lower-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	126-138	insulin	Homo sapiens	59-66
22288377-1	2012	Expression of cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) is very much influenced by nutritional factors, especially carbohydrate consumption, and various results concerning the expression of CYP2E1 were obtained with a low-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	101-113	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-40
22288377-1	2012	Expression of cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) is very much influenced by nutritional factors, especially carbohydrate consumption, and various results concerning the expression of CYP2E1 were obtained with a low-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	208-220	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-32
22288377-1	2012	Expression of cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) is very much influenced by nutritional factors, especially carbohydrate consumption, and various results concerning the expression of CYP2E1 were obtained with a low-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	208-220	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-40
22288377-1	2012	Expression of cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) is very much influenced by nutritional factors, especially carbohydrate consumption, and various results concerning the expression of CYP2E1 were obtained with a low-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	208-220	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	176-182
22288377-5	2012	Our findings suggest that experimental models with a low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet produce some undesirable CYP2E1 changes that are not present when a balanced standard diet is given.	Carbohydrates	57-69	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-115
22920820-1	2012	BACKGROUND: The clinical significance of blood glucose meter (BGM) error in the presence of increasing carbohydrate errors in diabetes patients who use both the BGM result and the carbohydrate estimation to dose insulin is unknown.	Carbohydrates	103-115	insulin	Homo sapiens	212-219
22970560-6	2012	After column switching, myo-inositol is further separated on a CarboPac MA1 column using a 0.12% sodium hydroxide mobile phase; strongly retained carbohydrates are eluted from the PA1 column with a 3% sodium hydroxide mobile phase.	Carbohydrates	146-159	PAXIP1 associated glutamate rich protein 1	Homo sapiens	180-183
22920820-1	2012	BACKGROUND: The clinical significance of blood glucose meter (BGM) error in the presence of increasing carbohydrate errors in diabetes patients who use both the BGM result and the carbohydrate estimation to dose insulin is unknown.	Carbohydrates	180-192	insulin	Homo sapiens	212-219
22920820-2	2012	METHODS: This Monte Carlo simulation modeled diabetes patients who calculate insulin dosages based on BGM results and carbohydrate estimations.	Carbohydrates	118-130	insulin	Homo sapiens	77-84
22920820-5	2012	RESULTS: When carbohydrate estimation is accurate (%CV = 0%), the likelihood for on-target insulin doses ranged 50.1-98.5%.	Carbohydrates	14-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	91-98
22920820-7	2012	In the presence of carbohydrate estimation errors (%CV = 5-20%), the likelihood of on-target insulin dosages markedly decreased (range, 27.2-80.1%) for all BGMs, the likelihood of insulin underdosing (range, 0-12.8%) and overdosing (range, 0-32.3%) increased, and the influence of BGM error on insulin dosing accuracy was blunted.	Carbohydrates	19-31	insulin	Homo sapiens	93-100
22920820-7	2012	In the presence of carbohydrate estimation errors (%CV = 5-20%), the likelihood of on-target insulin dosages markedly decreased (range, 27.2-80.1%) for all BGMs, the likelihood of insulin underdosing (range, 0-12.8%) and overdosing (range, 0-32.3%) increased, and the influence of BGM error on insulin dosing accuracy was blunted.	Carbohydrates	19-31	insulin	Homo sapiens	180-187
22920820-8	2012	Even in the presence of carbohydrate error, the BGM with the best performance (bias 1.35% and %CV = 4.84) had the highest probability for on-target insulin dosages.	Carbohydrates	24-36	insulin	Homo sapiens	148-155
22920820-9	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Both BGM and carbohydrate estimation error contribute to insulin dosing inaccuracies.	Carbohydrates	26-38	insulin	Homo sapiens	70-77
22339393-0	2012	High performance liquid chromatography evaluation of serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and more sialylated transferrin glycoforms in children.	Carbohydrates	59-71	transferrin	Homo sapiens	82-93
23798931-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Human growth hormone (hGH) is a single-chain polypeptide that participates in a wide range of biological functions such as metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids as well as in growth, development and immunity.	Carbohydrates	159-172	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	18-32
22122458-1	2012	Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma (PPARgamma), originally described as a transcription factor for genes of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, has been more recently studied in the context of cardiovascular pathophysiology.	Carbohydrates	122-134	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-48
22122457-2	2012	Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity are the most frequent endocrine-metabolic diseases and their pathogenic basis are characterized by insulin resistance and insulin secretion defects that can be demonstrated through several alterations in carbohydrates, lipids, and protein metabolism.	Carbohydrates	241-254	insulin	Homo sapiens	136-143
22717627-3	2012	Here, we describe the dual roles of mucin carbohydrate ligand for L-selectin and trophinin protein and of the trophinin-associated proteins bystin and tastin.	Carbohydrates	42-54	trophinin	Homo sapiens	81-90
22480907-0	2012	Proteomic analysis reveals cellular pathways regulating carbohydrate metabolism that are modulated in primary human skeletal muscle culture due to treatment with bioactives from Artemisia dracunculus L. Insulin resistance is a major pathophysiologic abnormality that characterizes metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	56-68	insulin	Homo sapiens	203-210
22447585-4	2012	Introduction of this mutation or deletion of the full-length RIM15 gene in a laboratory strain led to a defective stress response, decreased synthesis of the storage carbohydrates trehalose and glycogen, and impaired G(1) arrest, which together closely resemble the characteristic phenotypes of sake yeast.	Carbohydrates	166-179	protein kinase RIM15	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	61-66
22468766-1	2012	When ingested at high rates (1.8-2.4 g min(-1)) in concentrated solutions, carbohydrates absorbed by multiple (e.g., fructose and glucose) vs. single intestinal transporters can increase exogenous carbohydrate oxidation and endurance performance, but their effect when ingested at lower, more realistic, rates during intermittent high-intensity endurance competition and trials is unknown.	Carbohydrates	75-88	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	39-46
22468766-1	2012	When ingested at high rates (1.8-2.4 g min(-1)) in concentrated solutions, carbohydrates absorbed by multiple (e.g., fructose and glucose) vs. single intestinal transporters can increase exogenous carbohydrate oxidation and endurance performance, but their effect when ingested at lower, more realistic, rates during intermittent high-intensity endurance competition and trials is unknown.	Carbohydrates	75-87	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	39-46
22410170-3	2012	Here we used two strategies to target vaccines components to DC-SIGN: 1) carbohydrates as natural receptor ligands and 2) receptor-specific antibodies (Abs).	Carbohydrates	73-86	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	61-71
22909169-0	2012	The major royal jelly proteins 8 and 9 (Api m 11) are glycosylated components of Apis mellifera venom with allergenic potential beyond carbohydrate-based reactivity.	Carbohydrates	135-147	major royal jelly protein 8	Apis mellifera	4-48
22122458-1	2012	Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma (PPARgamma), originally described as a transcription factor for genes of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, has been more recently studied in the context of cardiovascular pathophysiology.	Carbohydrates	122-134	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	50-59
22524620-6	2012	Treatments of hPBMCs with tunicamycin and deglycosylation enzymes that removed the carbohydrate moieties reduced the secretion of IFN-gamma induction from hPBMCs.	Carbohydrates	83-95	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	130-139
22434051-2	2012	Low glycemic index (GI) meals high in carbohydrate or moderately high in protein have been shown to acutely reduce postprandial excursions of plasma glucose and insulin compared with high carbohydrate high GI meals.	Carbohydrates	38-50	insulin	Homo sapiens	161-168
24432265-0	2012	Carbohydrate deficient transferrin and alcoholism.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
24432265-4	2012	Also on this list of tests, carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) is widely available and useful for determining recent alcohol consumption, particularly when corroborated with elevation of other liver-associated enzymes.	Carbohydrates	28-40	transferrin	Homo sapiens	51-62
21635573-0	2012	Effects of dietary carbohydrate sources on plasma glucose, insulin and IGF-I levels in multiparous sows.	Carbohydrates	19-31	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	71-76
21635573-8	2012	The results show that modulation of plasma insulin levels by dietary carbohydrates seems possible in anabolic sows, but IGF-I levels are less easily modified.	Carbohydrates	69-82	insulin	Homo sapiens	43-50
22205665-5	2012	Alterations in systemic physiology support a shift in carbohydrate metabolism, evident by increased basal and stimulated circulating insulin concentrations.	Carbohydrates	54-66	insulin	Homo sapiens	133-140
22470085-7	2012	With regard to the expression of other AQPs, depth of tumor invasion, histological type and serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) were associated with high AQP-1 expression (P=0.039, 0.011 and 0.032).	Carbohydrates	98-110	aquaporin 1 (Colton blood group)	Homo sapiens	159-164
22668829-1	2012	The bifunctional enzyme 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (PFK-2/FBPase-2) is a key regulator of carbohydrate metabolism in liver.	Carbohydrates	116-128	fructose-bisphosphatase 2	Rattus norvegicus	84-92
22511785-5	2012	We report that Sp-D binds to the membrane-proximal Ig domain (D3) of SIRPalpha in a calcium- and carbohydrate-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	97-109	signal regulatory protein alpha	Homo sapiens	69-78
22146903-5	2012	Self-reported alcohol intake and biomarker levels were higher in essential tremor, but the difference was only significant for carbohydrate-deficient transferrin.	Carbohydrates	127-139	transferrin	Homo sapiens	150-161
22524620-0	2012	IFN-gamma induction on carbohydrate binding module of fungal immunomodulatory protein in human peripheral mononuclear cells.	Carbohydrates	23-35	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	0-9
22395230-0	2012	Carbohydrate deficient transferrin in a driver"s license regranting program.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
22338072-4	2012	Glucose-dependent binding of ChREBP to a newly identified carbohydrate response element in the PNPLA3 promoter was demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation.	Carbohydrates	58-70	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	29-35
22395230-1	2012	AIMS: Carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) is a common diagnostic marker for detecting chronic alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	6-18	transferrin	Homo sapiens	29-40
22429011-2	2012	Their mechanism of action is to decrease the inactivation of glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, both of which are involved in maintaining euglycemia subsequent to carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	202-214	glucagon	Homo sapiens	61-84
22429011-2	2012	Their mechanism of action is to decrease the inactivation of glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, both of which are involved in maintaining euglycemia subsequent to carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	202-214	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	89-133
25284963-11	2012	Thus, human immune systems actively recognize these N-glycan cryptic carbohydrates and produce targeting antibodies.	Carbohydrates	69-82	cripto, FRL-1, cryptic family 1	Homo sapiens	61-68
22315317-1	2012	High-fat feeding inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC)-controlled carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation, which contributes to muscle insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	74-86	insulin	Homo sapiens	132-139
22550228-5	2012	Insulin, adipokines, epinephrine, and other agonists thus stimulate pathways that regulate the activities of key enzymes involved in control of metabolism to integrate organismal carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	179-191	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
22483615-1	2012	Classic galactosemia is an autosomal recessive disorder of carbohydrate metabolism, due to a severe deficiency of the enzyme, galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT), that catalyzes the conversion of galactose-1-phosphate and uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPglucose) to uridine diphosphate galactose (UDPgalactose) and glucose-1-phosphate.	Carbohydrates	59-71	galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase	Homo sapiens	126-165
22483615-1	2012	Classic galactosemia is an autosomal recessive disorder of carbohydrate metabolism, due to a severe deficiency of the enzyme, galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT), that catalyzes the conversion of galactose-1-phosphate and uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPglucose) to uridine diphosphate galactose (UDPgalactose) and glucose-1-phosphate.	Carbohydrates	59-71	galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase	Homo sapiens	167-171
21193293-0	2012	Perilipin polymorphism interacts with saturated fat and carbohydrates to modulate insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	56-69	insulin	Homo sapiens	82-89
21193293-2	2012	We aimed to investigate a previously demonstrated saturated fat and carbohydrate interaction for insulin resistance for perilipin (PLIN1), a regulator of adipocyte metabolism.	Carbohydrates	68-80	insulin	Homo sapiens	97-104
21193293-6	2012	By dichotomizing the ratio of saturated fat to carbohydrate intake into high and low, we found significant interaction terms for insulin and HOMA-IR (P &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	47-59	insulin	Homo sapiens	129-148
21193293-7	2012	When the ratio of saturated fat to carbohydrate was high, insulin and HOMA-IR were higher in minor allele carriers (P = 0.004 and P = 0.003, respectively), but did not differ when the ratio was low.	Carbohydrates	35-47	insulin	Homo sapiens	58-65
22433013-4	2012	DC-SIGN recognizes N-linked high-mannose glycan clusters on HIV gp120 through multivalent and Ca(2+)-dependent protein-carbohydrate interactions.	Carbohydrates	119-131	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	0-7
22504483-4	2012	Metabolic studies uncovered a limited ability of ischemic hearts in Per2(-/-) mice to use carbohydrates for oxygen-efficient glycolysis.	Carbohydrates	90-103	period circadian clock 2	Mus musculus	68-72
22569253-3	2012	Carbohydrate oxidation was markedly decreased in mice on a HFD, in which up-regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) was evident.	Carbohydrates	0-12	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isoenzyme 4	Mus musculus	90-121
22569253-3	2012	Carbohydrate oxidation was markedly decreased in mice on a HFD, in which up-regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) was evident.	Carbohydrates	0-12	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isoenzyme 4	Mus musculus	123-127
22326142-10	2012	Preliminary results of a differential proteomic study further confirmed the role of ccpA in the regulation of carbohydrate catabolism and class I stress response genes and allow to gain further insight on the role of this pleiotropic regulator in metabolism and stress.	Carbohydrates	110-122	catabolite control protein A	Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1	84-88
22374728-1	2012	The carbohydrate molecules Sialyl Lewis X (SLeX), Sialyl Lewis A (SLeA), Lewis Y (LeY) and Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (TF) are known to mediate the adhesion between tumor cells and endothelium.	Carbohydrates	4-16	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	34-41
22327911-3	2012	RECENT FINDINGS: Pigs mutated in the alpha 1,3 galactosyltransferase gene (GTKO pigs) are devoid of the galactose alpha1,3 galactose (alphaGal) carbohydrate antigen.	Carbohydrates	142-156	N-acetyllactosaminide alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase	Sus scrofa	37-68
22442301-8	2012	Our data further suggest that this verapamil-mediated TXNIP repression is conferred by reduction of intracellular calcium, inhibition of calcineurin signaling, and nuclear exclusion and decreased binding of carbohydrate response element-binding protein to the E-box repeat in the TXNIP promoter.	Carbohydrates	207-219	thioredoxin interacting protein	Mus musculus	54-59
22113250-5	2012	RESULTS: Mean fibrinogen levels were lower across the increasing quartiles of the fiber intake after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, physical activity, smoking status and alcohol consumption, and total calories, percentage of energy intake from carbohydrate, protein and fat, with a difference of 0.08 g/l fibrinogen between first and fourth quartiles (P for trend &lt;0.001) for the whole population.	Carbohydrates	254-266	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	14-24
22000586-1	2012	Results of animal studies suggest that osteocalcin (OC) plays an important role in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	101-113	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein	Homo sapiens	39-50
22369396-5	2012	This study of pregnant women with high carbohydrate and low fat background diet suggests pre-eclampsia is associated with oxidative stress and enhanced activity of the microsomal enzyme stearyl-CoA desaturase (delta 9 desaturase), as assessed by palmitic/palmitoleic (C16:0/C16:n-1) and stearic/oleic (C18/C18:1n-9) ratios.	Carbohydrates	39-51	fatty acid desaturase 3	Homo sapiens	210-228
22000586-1	2012	Results of animal studies suggest that osteocalcin (OC) plays an important role in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	101-113	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein	Homo sapiens	52-54
22159084-3	2012	It has been shown that SLC26A3 are glycosylated, with the attached carbohydrate being extracellular and perhaps modulating function.	Carbohydrates	67-79	solute carrier family 26 member 3	Homo sapiens	23-30
22430007-0	2012	[Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in doping and non-doping athletes].	Carbohydrates	1-13	transferrin	Homo sapiens	24-35
22430007-1	2012	UNLABELLED: The determination of carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) concentration is primarily used in social security studies as a proof of regular alcohol consumption exceeding the amount of 60 grams per day.	Carbohydrates	33-45	transferrin	Homo sapiens	56-67
22430007-2	2012	AIMS: The present study was performed to investigate into how carbohydrate deficient transferrin CDT values in serum are affected by the so-called food supplements and chemicals included in doping lists.	Carbohydrates	62-74	transferrin	Homo sapiens	85-96
22430007-6	2012	RESULTS: The authors found a significant difference between the two groups only in carbohydrate deficient transferrin CDT% that was the CDT% value in bodybuilders was twice as high as in boxers.	Carbohydrates	83-95	transferrin	Homo sapiens	106-117
22430007-7	2012	CONCLUSION: Not all the details of the specificity of carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) concentration are known, however, the remarkably high sensitivity of the method makes it suitable and probably economically effective as a pre-screening tool in doping tests.	Carbohydrates	54-66	transferrin	Homo sapiens	77-88
22411220-8	2012	From the first hospital day, the patient also received insulin therapy in order to prevent any potential corticosteroid-induced imbalance in her carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	145-157	insulin	Homo sapiens	55-62
22392349-1	2012	The aim of this study was to estimate the serum concentration of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the relationship between the CDT level and disease activity in RA patients.	Carbohydrates	65-77	transferrin	Homo sapiens	88-99
24843559-9	2012	Carbohydrate retention in the gut lumen induced by acarbose pretreatment extended postprandial GLP-1 secretion and negated the increase in serum ApoB-48 levels.	Carbohydrates	0-12	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	145-152
22238215-2	2012	The aim of this study was to use the metabolic tracer hyperpolarized [2-(13)C]pyruvate with magnetic resonance spectroscopy to determine whether carnitine acetyltransferase facilitates carbohydrate oxidation in the heart.	Carbohydrates	185-197	carnitine O-acetyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	145-172
22366823-1	2012	BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It has been proposed that glutamate decarboxylase 2 and the dopamine D2 receptor are involved in the brain reward cascade to increase carbohydrate craving and cause eating disorders.	Carbohydrates	161-173	glutamate decarboxylase 2	Homo sapiens	53-78
22246129-2	2012	Recent studies indicate that many CLRs, such as Dectin-1, Dectin-2 and Mincle, function as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognizing carbohydrate ligands from infected microorganisms.	Carbohydrates	140-152	C-type lectin domain family 4 member E	Homo sapiens	71-77
22157348-4	2012	Preoperative carbohydrate loading attenuates insulin resistance via effects on cellular gene and protein expression, but its effects on clinical outcomes remain unclear.	Carbohydrates	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	45-52
21543209-3	2012	OBJECTIVE: We decide to investigate the role of missense polymorphism (G1359A) of cannabinoid receptor 1 gene on adipocytokines response and weight loss secondary to a low-fat versus a low-carbohydrate diet in obese patients.	Carbohydrates	189-201	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	82-104
21695523-6	2012	Plasma adiponectin concentration was significantly higher after fat compared with carbohydrate-rich diet.	Carbohydrates	82-94	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	7-18
21695523-8	2012	Furthermore, plasma adiponectin concentration was higher after fat-rich compared with carbohydrate-rich diet, but insulin sensitivity remained similar despite the major difference in dietary macronutrient composition.	Carbohydrates	86-98	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	20-31
22108899-5	2012	Additionally, expressions of the proteins glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) and protein phosphatase (PP1), which help in regulating carbohydrate energy metabolism, were also studied.	Carbohydrates	132-144	neuropeptide Y receptor Y4	Rattus norvegicus	101-104
21962599-3	2012	RESULTS: Between 1999 and 2010, 6 cases of CPT1A deficiency were diagnosed and treated with a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet.	Carbohydrates	99-111	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A	Homo sapiens	43-48
21825091-10	2012	Linking insulin to carbohydrate in PN leads to improved glycemic control with a low rate of hypoglycemia.	Carbohydrates	19-31	insulin	Homo sapiens	8-15
21944267-5	2012	After 8 weeks, NGT on the higher-carbohydrate/lower-fat diet had higher insulin sensitivity than NGT on the lower-carbohydrate/higher fat diet; this pattern was not observed among IFG.	Carbohydrates	33-45	insulin	Homo sapiens	72-79
21944267-8	2012	Eight weeks of a higher-carbohydrate/lower-fat diet resulted in higher insulin sensitivity in healthy, NGT, overweight/obese individuals, and lower fasting glucose and greater glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in individuals with IFG.	Carbohydrates	24-36	insulin	Homo sapiens	71-78
21944267-8	2012	Eight weeks of a higher-carbohydrate/lower-fat diet resulted in higher insulin sensitivity in healthy, NGT, overweight/obese individuals, and lower fasting glucose and greater glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in individuals with IFG.	Carbohydrates	24-36	insulin	Homo sapiens	195-202
22200302-2	2012	Human erythropoietin (hEPO), a hormone involved in the formation of red blood cells, is a 30 kDa glycoprotein with a high carbohydrate content.	Carbohydrates	122-134	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	6-20
22302876-2	2012	Both FGF15/19 and FGF21 act on multiple tissues to coordinate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in response to nutritional status.	Carbohydrates	62-74	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	18-23
22087537-3	2012	Under galactose stress, the cosubstrate of GALT, galactose-1-phosphate, accumulates and disturbs catabolic and anabolic pathways of the carbohydrate metabolism with potential effects on protein glycosylation and membrane localization of glycoprotein receptors, like the epidermal growth factor receptor.	Carbohydrates	136-148	galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase	Homo sapiens	43-47
22087537-3	2012	Under galactose stress, the cosubstrate of GALT, galactose-1-phosphate, accumulates and disturbs catabolic and anabolic pathways of the carbohydrate metabolism with potential effects on protein glycosylation and membrane localization of glycoprotein receptors, like the epidermal growth factor receptor.	Carbohydrates	136-148	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	270-302
22200302-2	2012	Human erythropoietin (hEPO), a hormone involved in the formation of red blood cells, is a 30 kDa glycoprotein with a high carbohydrate content.	Carbohydrates	122-134	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	22-26
24957371-4	2012	Although GSL structures can be assigned to only a few series with a common carbohydrate core, their structural variety and the complex pattern are challenges for their elucidation and quantification by mass spectrometric techniques.	Carbohydrates	75-87	cathepsin A	Homo sapiens	9-12
22237064-9	2012	CONCLUSION: The T allele of GIPR rs2287019 is associated with greater improvement of glucose homeostasis in individuals who choose a low-fat, high-carbohydrate, and high-fiber diet.	Carbohydrates	147-159	gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor	Homo sapiens	28-32
21997598-5	2012	This system is based on the total amount of carbohydrate offered rather than on specific calorie content at each meal, which facilitates matching the prandial insulin dose to the amount of carbohydrate consumed.	Carbohydrates	44-56	insulin	Homo sapiens	159-166
22196220-1	2012	The oxidation of carbohydrates in mammals is regulated by the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex, which is covalently regulated by four PDH kinases (PDK1-4) and two PDH phosphatases (PDP1-2) unique to the PDH complex.	Carbohydrates	17-30	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isoenzyme 1	Mus musculus	151-157
21816244-6	2012	In skeletal muscle FoxO1 maintains energy homeostasis during fasting and provides energy supply through breakdown of carbohydrates, a process that leads to atrophy and underlies glycemic control in insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	117-130	forkhead box O1	Homo sapiens	19-24
21816244-6	2012	In skeletal muscle FoxO1 maintains energy homeostasis during fasting and provides energy supply through breakdown of carbohydrates, a process that leads to atrophy and underlies glycemic control in insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	117-130	insulin	Homo sapiens	198-205
21597922-6	2012	Common pathways for SFN treatment and KEAP1 knockdown were xenobiotic metabolism and antioxidants, glutathione metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and NADH/NADPH regeneration.	Carbohydrates	123-135	kelch like ECH associated protein 1	Homo sapiens	38-43
21997598-5	2012	This system is based on the total amount of carbohydrate offered rather than on specific calorie content at each meal, which facilitates matching the prandial insulin dose to the amount of carbohydrate consumed.	Carbohydrates	189-201	insulin	Homo sapiens	159-166
22032939-0	2012	Analysis of carbohydrate deficient transferrin serum levels during abstinence.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
22032939-1	2012	An alcohol-associated change in the serum transferrin glycoform pattern, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), is used as a biomarker of chronic moderate to heavy alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	73-85	transferrin	Homo sapiens	42-53
22032939-1	2012	An alcohol-associated change in the serum transferrin glycoform pattern, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), is used as a biomarker of chronic moderate to heavy alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	73-85	transferrin	Homo sapiens	96-107
21130529-4	2012	Change in calorie intake, insulin level, and weight were not correlated with memory performance for the entire sample, although a trend toward a moderate relationship between insulin and memory was observed within the low carbohydrate group.	Carbohydrates	222-234	insulin	Homo sapiens	175-182
21929649-8	2012	The PPARalpha agonist lowered serum insulin, corrected hyperglycemia, and suppressed the carbohydrate-dependent lipogenic transcription factor, carbohydrate response element binding protein.	Carbohydrates	89-101	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	4-13
21929649-8	2012	The PPARalpha agonist lowered serum insulin, corrected hyperglycemia, and suppressed the carbohydrate-dependent lipogenic transcription factor, carbohydrate response element binding protein.	Carbohydrates	144-156	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	4-13
22156524-4	2012	Axl- or Tyro3-mediated infection required intracellular signaling via the tyrosine kinase activity of Axl or Tyro3, whereas DC-SIGN- or LSECtin-mediated infection and binding were dependent on a specific carbohydrate and on ions.	Carbohydrates	204-216	TYRO3 protein tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	8-13
22156524-4	2012	Axl- or Tyro3-mediated infection required intracellular signaling via the tyrosine kinase activity of Axl or Tyro3, whereas DC-SIGN- or LSECtin-mediated infection and binding were dependent on a specific carbohydrate and on ions.	Carbohydrates	204-216	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	124-131
23259340-1	2012	Growth hormone (GH) affects protein (anabolism), lipid (lipolysis) and carbohydrate (hyperglycemia) metabolism and stimulates hepatic synthesis of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1).	Carbohydrates	71-83	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	0-14
22128188-6	2012	Carbohydrate also serves as the major source of reductant for the PSI pathway mediated via nonphotochemical reduction of the plastoquinone pool by NADH dehydrogenases type-1 and type-2 (NDH-1 and NDH-2).	Carbohydrates	0-12	DExH-box helicase 9	Homo sapiens	196-201
21410714-7	2012	Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) represents a central step in CO(2)  reduction and in carbohydrate oxidation involving both forms of energy, namely NAD(P)H and ATP, with its various isoforms that are located in plastids, cytosol and nucleus.	Carbohydrates	102-114	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-40
21410714-7	2012	Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) represents a central step in CO(2)  reduction and in carbohydrate oxidation involving both forms of energy, namely NAD(P)H and ATP, with its various isoforms that are located in plastids, cytosol and nucleus.	Carbohydrates	102-114	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	42-47
21989137-5	2012	Deglycosylation of SP-A released TGF-beta1,2 from SP-A indicating a role for the carbohydrate moieties of SP-A in binding of TGF-beta1,2.	Carbohydrates	81-93	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	125-134
22087768-2	2012	The human natural killer cell carbohydrate, HNK-1, plays function-conducive roles in peripheral nerve regeneration and synaptic plasticity.	Carbohydrates	30-42	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	44-49
22087768-4	2012	It is thus important to synthesize structurally related HNK-1 carbohydrates for optimizing its function-conducive roles, and for diagnosis and neutralization of autoantibodies in the fatal Guillain-Barre syndrome.	Carbohydrates	62-75	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	56-61
22087768-5	2012	As a first step toward these goals, we have synthesized several HNK-1 carbohydrate derivatives to assess the specificity of monoclonal HNK-1 antibodies from rodents: 2-aminoethyl glycosides of selectively O-sulfated trisaccharide corresponding to the HNK-1 antigen, its nonsulfated analogue, and modified structures containing 3-O-fucosyl or 6-O-sulfo substituents in the N-acetylglucosamine residues.	Carbohydrates	70-82	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	64-69
23259340-1	2012	Growth hormone (GH) affects protein (anabolism), lipid (lipolysis) and carbohydrate (hyperglycemia) metabolism and stimulates hepatic synthesis of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1).	Carbohydrates	71-83	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	16-18
22037013-3	2012	RECENT FINDINGS: Amino acids, and leucine in particular, can act as strong insulin secretagogues when administered in combination with carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	135-147	insulin	Homo sapiens	75-82
22645689-1	2012	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbance in carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism due to insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction.	Carbohydrates	94-106	insulin	Homo sapiens	145-152
22300073-12	2012	The mechanism of carbohydrate-sensing remains controversial: the heterodimeric taste receptor T1R2/T1R3 and sodium glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT-1) expressed in L cells are the two leading candidates.	Carbohydrates	17-29	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Homo sapiens	108-138
22300073-12	2012	The mechanism of carbohydrate-sensing remains controversial: the heterodimeric taste receptor T1R2/T1R3 and sodium glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT-1) expressed in L cells are the two leading candidates.	Carbohydrates	17-29	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Homo sapiens	140-146
22378092-12	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Carbohydrate metabolism disorders in the form of type 1 diabetes connected with an autoimmune process, as well as type 2 diabetes connected with the increase of the insulin resistance, occured in average of half of the patients with Hashimoto"s thyroiditis.	Carbohydrates	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	178-185
21986086-2	2012	This study investigates the prevalence and diagnostic relevance of IgE to these N-glycans [cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs)] in patients with suspicion of respiratory allergy.	Carbohydrates	106-118	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	67-70
23125848-5	2012	TNF knockout or wildtype mice were fed for 11 weeks with a high carbohydrate diet (HCD) to induce modest obesity.	Carbohydrates	64-76	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	0-3
22235369-1	2012	The "Carnivore Connection" hypothesizes that, during human evolution, a scarcity of dietary carbohydrate in diets with low plant : animal subsistence ratios led to insulin resistance providing a survival and reproductive advantage with selection of genes for insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	92-104	insulin	Homo sapiens	164-171
22731403-3	2012	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), which have three isoforms: PPAR-alpha, PPAR-gamma, and PPAR-delta, are key regulators of adipogenesis, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and are potential drug targets for treating metabolic syndrome.	Carbohydrates	166-178	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	92-102
22474579-6	2012	We conclude that a high-carbohydrate meal may evoke a greater postprandial oxidative stress response, whereas both fat and carbohydrate increased IL6.	Carbohydrates	123-135	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	146-149
22836186-3	2012	The present study was designed to explore the impact of the interaction between variant human apoE isoforms and a high carbohydrate diet (HCD) on mechanisms behind learning and memory retention.	Carbohydrates	119-131	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	94-98
21835137-1	2012	BACKGROUND &amp; AIMS: In liver, the glucose-responsive transcription factor ChREBP plays a critical role in converting excess carbohydrates into triglycerides through de novo lipogenesis.	Carbohydrates	127-140	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	77-83
22235369-1	2012	The "Carnivore Connection" hypothesizes that, during human evolution, a scarcity of dietary carbohydrate in diets with low plant : animal subsistence ratios led to insulin resistance providing a survival and reproductive advantage with selection of genes for insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	92-104	insulin	Homo sapiens	259-266
23430936-1	2012	Mutations in the ALDOB gene impair the activity of the hepatic aldolase B enzyme, causing hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI), an inherited autosomic recessive disease of carbohydrate metabolism, that can result in hypoglycemia, liver and kidney failure, coma, and death.	Carbohydrates	173-185	aldolase, fructose-bisphosphate B	Homo sapiens	17-22
27820140-17	2012	For adolescents, insulin dosing is based on pubescent status, age, weight, activity level, and amount of carbohydrates consumed .	Carbohydrates	105-118	insulin	Homo sapiens	17-24
22525685-1	2012	INTRODUCTION: TNF-alpha, and its soluble form sTNFR1, as proinflammatory hormone plays a great role in pathogenesis of auto immunological diseases, insulin resistance, both carbohydrates and fat metabolism and development of late complications in type 1 diabetes mellitus (DMT1) patients.	Carbohydrates	173-186	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	14-23
22577491-8	2012	Regarding the inter-individual relationships among serum redox statuses and dietary nutrient intakes, significant correlations were noted in CAT versus carbohydrates, protein, magnesium, and manganese; GSH versus carbohydrates, protein, fat, selenium, zinc, iron, and magnesium; XO versus cholesterol; CAT versus GSH.	Carbohydrates	152-165	catalase	Homo sapiens	141-144
22656375-5	2012	Genetic diseases linked to mutations in the disaccharidase genes (sucrase-isomaltase, lactase) and in sugar transporter genes (sodium/glucose cotransporter 1, glucose transporters 1 and 2) severely impact carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	205-217	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Homo sapiens	127-187
23285128-7	2012	Interestingly, loss of PGC-1beta also significantly impaired inducible expression of glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes that occurs with high carbohydrate diet refeeding after a prolonged fast.	Carbohydrates	140-152	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 beta	Mus musculus	23-32
23173056-1	2012	Arabidopsis AtGH9C1 is an endo-beta-1,4-glucanase possessing a carbohydrate-binding domain (CBM49).	Carbohydrates	63-75	glycosyl hydrolase 9C1	Arabidopsis thaliana	12-19
23024761-2	2012	Mice with a skeletal muscle-specific knockout of the GH receptor (mGHRKO model) are protected from high fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance and display increased whole-body carbohydrate utilization.	Carbohydrates	179-191	growth hormone receptor	Mus musculus	53-64
22701681-1	2012	Rainbow trout are carnivorous fish and poor metabolizers of carbohydrates, which established this species as a model organism to study the comparative physiology of insulin.	Carbohydrates	60-73	insulin	Homo sapiens	165-172
22403705-1	2012	Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is known to be subject to three unusual carbohydrate modifications: C-mannosylation, O-fucosylation, and O-glucosylation.	Carbohydrates	65-77	thrombospondin 1	Homo sapiens	18-23
22389722-11	2012	Taken together, these data indicate that secretion and post-translational carbohydrate modifications are required for PAP protein stability and catalytic activity.	Carbohydrates	74-86	PDGFA associated protein 1	Homo sapiens	118-121
23017712-4	2012	Adiponectin expression and serum levels are associated with the amount and type of fatty acids and carbohydrate consumed.	Carbohydrates	99-111	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	0-11
23077903-6	2012	While PPARalpha mediates the hypolipemiant actions of fibrates, PPARgamma is the receptor for thiazolidinediones (glitazones) reccomended in type 2 diabetes treatment; by binding to PPARgamma, glitazones modulates transcription of genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	259-271	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	64-73
23077903-6	2012	While PPARalpha mediates the hypolipemiant actions of fibrates, PPARgamma is the receptor for thiazolidinediones (glitazones) reccomended in type 2 diabetes treatment; by binding to PPARgamma, glitazones modulates transcription of genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	259-271	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	182-191
22196251-18	2011	CONCLUSIONS: Carbohydrate restriction in conjunction with metformin and liraglutide is an effective treatment option for patients with advanced diabetes who are candidates for instituting insulin or who are in need of intensified insulin treatment.	Carbohydrates	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	188-195
22196251-18	2011	CONCLUSIONS: Carbohydrate restriction in conjunction with metformin and liraglutide is an effective treatment option for patients with advanced diabetes who are candidates for instituting insulin or who are in need of intensified insulin treatment.	Carbohydrates	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	230-237
21207234-1	2011	Metabolic flexibility reflects the ability to switch from lipid to carbohydrate oxidation during insulin stimulation.	Carbohydrates	67-79	insulin	Homo sapiens	97-104
22015170-3	2011	The methods described in this work for separating and characterizing these amphiphilic saccharides are further applied to a number of uses: monitoring the progression of sulfonation reactions with analytical RP-HPLC, characterizing sulfate content for individual molecules with ESI-MS, determining the degree of sulfation for products having mixed degrees of sulfation with HPLC and LC-MS, and purifying products with benchtop C18 column chromatography.	Carbohydrates	87-98	Bardet-Biedl syndrome 9	Homo sapiens	427-430
21907314-2	2011	Milk is a complex mixture of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals.	Carbohydrates	45-58	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
21917636-0	2011	Leucine or carbohydrate supplementation reduces AMPK and eEF2 phosphorylation and extends postprandial muscle protein synthesis in rats.	Carbohydrates	11-23	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	57-61
21824331-1	2011	A new series of potential epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors possessing bisquinazoline and saccharide moieties were designed and synthesized.	Carbohydrates	100-110	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	26-58
21792595-0	2011	Different binding affinities of Pb2+ and Cu2+ to glycosylation variants of human serum transferrin interfere with the detection of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin.	Carbohydrates	131-143	transferrin	Homo sapiens	87-98
21792595-0	2011	Different binding affinities of Pb2+ and Cu2+ to glycosylation variants of human serum transferrin interfere with the detection of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin.	Carbohydrates	131-143	transferrin	Homo sapiens	154-165
21792595-1	2011	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is a specific biomarker of alcohol abuse, and for diagnosis of chronic alcohol, abuse is often determined using isoelectric focusing (IEF) and chromatographic techniques.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
21665323-11	2011	We conclude that the LEC2 transcription factor not only controls cotyledon identity and morphology as previously reported, but also alters: (1) the delivery of photosynthates from the seed coat to the embryo (sink strength), (2) carbon partitioning towards different storage compounds (oil, proteins and carbohydrates), (3) the rate of starch synthesis and degradation in developing seeds and (4) germination capacity of dry seeds.	Carbohydrates	304-317	AP2/B3-like transcriptional factor family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	21-25
20725807-0	2011	Significance of vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukin-18 and nitric oxide in patients with breast cancer: correlation with carbohydrate antigen 15.3.	Carbohydrates	133-145	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	16-50
22312677-1	2011	Adapting the insulin doses of type 1 diabetes patients to the amount of carbohydrates in their meals requires the personalised and individual link between carbohydrates and insulin for each meal to be established as well as the patient"s active participation for an accurate carbohydrate estimate.	Carbohydrates	72-85	insulin	Homo sapiens	13-20
22312677-1	2011	Adapting the insulin doses of type 1 diabetes patients to the amount of carbohydrates in their meals requires the personalised and individual link between carbohydrates and insulin for each meal to be established as well as the patient"s active participation for an accurate carbohydrate estimate.	Carbohydrates	72-85	insulin	Homo sapiens	173-180
22312677-1	2011	Adapting the insulin doses of type 1 diabetes patients to the amount of carbohydrates in their meals requires the personalised and individual link between carbohydrates and insulin for each meal to be established as well as the patient"s active participation for an accurate carbohydrate estimate.	Carbohydrates	155-168	insulin	Homo sapiens	13-20
22312677-1	2011	Adapting the insulin doses of type 1 diabetes patients to the amount of carbohydrates in their meals requires the personalised and individual link between carbohydrates and insulin for each meal to be established as well as the patient"s active participation for an accurate carbohydrate estimate.	Carbohydrates	72-84	insulin	Homo sapiens	13-20
21911496-8	2011	Using rosiglitazone as a model PPARgamma agonist, which decreased TNFalpha-induced high mannose N-glycan expression, we demonstrate a role for these carbohydrate residues in THP-1 rolling and adhesion that is independent of endothelial surface adhesion molecule expression (ICAM-1 and E-selectin).	Carbohydrates	149-161	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	31-40
21911496-8	2011	Using rosiglitazone as a model PPARgamma agonist, which decreased TNFalpha-induced high mannose N-glycan expression, we demonstrate a role for these carbohydrate residues in THP-1 rolling and adhesion that is independent of endothelial surface adhesion molecule expression (ICAM-1 and E-selectin).	Carbohydrates	149-161	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	66-74
21919496-0	2011	Interacting Lewis-X carbohydrates in condensed phase: a first-principles molecular dynamics study.	Carbohydrates	20-33	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	12-19
21566659-7	2011	Exposure to galectin-3 promoted OLG differentiation in a dose- and carbohydrate-dependent fashion consistent with the "glycosylation signature" of immature versus differentiated OLG.	Carbohydrates	67-79	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	12-22
22018016-3	2011	Physiological changes in elderly individuals, such as decreased physical activity, abdominal obesity, and increased inflammatory state, increase insulin resistance in peripheral tissue and reduce glucose-dependent insulin release, leading to carbohydrate intolerance and diabetes.	Carbohydrates	242-254	insulin	Homo sapiens	145-152
21343902-6	2011	RESULTS: Food intake analysis: incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for insulin during the OGTT was negatively associated with mean daily ad libitum energy intake (DEI) (r=-0.26, P=0.04), calories consumed as percent weight-maintenance energy needs (%WMEN) (r=-0.38, P=0.002) and carbohydrate intake (gram per day) (r=-0.35, P=0.005).	Carbohydrates	283-295	insulin	Homo sapiens	75-82
21938000-8	2011	The high prevalence of the H allele in Central Asia implies that the Q241H variant of MLXIPL might have been significant for utilization of carbohydrates and fats in the common ancestors of these populations, who successfully adapted to the environment of Central Asia by relying on nomadic livestock herding.	Carbohydrates	140-153	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	86-92
22041858-8	2011	The investigation of the influence of sialic acid in the carbohydrate chain of human serum Tf, studied by incubating the protein with neuraminidase (sialidase) to obtain the monosialilated species, revealed that the binding affinity of Ti was similar for monosialo-Tf and for native-Tf and occurs in the N-lobe.	Carbohydrates	57-69	transferrin	Homo sapiens	91-93
21889565-11	2011	These disturbances in carbohydrates and their regulation, through ALA-S de-repression, would enhance the porphyria state promoted by the drugs on heme synthesis and destruction.	Carbohydrates	22-35	5'-aminolevulinate synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	66-71
21995513-5	2011	A high-affinity carbohydrate-based ligand of the CD22 receptor was thereby attached, and specific cell labeling by the particles was successfully detected by flow cytometry and confocal laser microscopy.	Carbohydrates	16-28	CD22 molecule	Homo sapiens	49-53
21971703-0	2011	fac-[TcO3(tacn)]+: a versatile precursor for the labelling of pharmacophores, amino acids and carbohydrates through a new ligand-centred labelling strategy.	Carbohydrates	94-107	FA complementation group C	Homo sapiens	0-3
21867676-2	2011	We investigated the transcriptional regulation of the AQP9 gene by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), known as an energy sensor in cells since AMPK contributes to the metabolism of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein by regulating the expression of many enzymes and transcription factors in metabolic pathways.	Carbohydrates	183-195	aquaporin 9	Homo sapiens	54-58
21963551-9	2011	In addition, the exercise-induced cerebral non-oxidative carbohydrate uptake is blocked by combined beta 1/2-adrenergic blockade, but not by beta1-adrenergic blockade.	Carbohydrates	57-69	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 1	Homo sapiens	100-108
21917589-3	2011	An EDEM1 deletion mutant lacking most of the carbohydrate-recognition domain also accelerated ERAD, delivering the substrate to XTP3-B and OS9.	Carbohydrates	45-57	ER degradation enhancing alpha-mannosidase like protein 1	Homo sapiens	3-8
21917589-3	2011	An EDEM1 deletion mutant lacking most of the carbohydrate-recognition domain also accelerated ERAD, delivering the substrate to XTP3-B and OS9.	Carbohydrates	45-57	OS9 endoplasmic reticulum lectin	Homo sapiens	139-142
21889502-6	2011	Furthermore, loss of dcr-2 function led to abnormal lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	62-74	Dicer-2	Drosophila melanogaster	21-26
21913653-5	2011	These findings indicate that novel raffinose-derived oligosaccharides (DP4-DP10) could be a new source of prebiotic carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	116-129	transcription factor Dp family member 3	Homo sapiens	71-79
22973351-0	2011	The effects of carbohydrate-rich drink on perioperative discomfort, insulin response and arterial pressure in spinal aesthesia.	Carbohydrates	15-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	68-75
22973351-1	2011	BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of carbohydrate-rich drink (CHO) on perioperative discomfort, hemodynamic changes, and insulin response in patients undergoing surgery with spinal anesthesia.	Carbohydrates	65-77	insulin	Homo sapiens	149-156
22389987-6	2011	In the Obesity Group, we searched the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hepatosteatosis.	Carbohydrates	38-50	insulin	Homo sapiens	90-97
21817852-9	2011	Our results suggest that the stimulation of insulin- signaling pathway of Akt-FOXO1 and SHP expression may regulate cholesterol/bile acid metabolisms in liver, linking carbohydrate and cholesterol metabolic pathways.	Carbohydrates	168-180	insulin	Homo sapiens	44-51
21817852-9	2011	Our results suggest that the stimulation of insulin- signaling pathway of Akt-FOXO1 and SHP expression may regulate cholesterol/bile acid metabolisms in liver, linking carbohydrate and cholesterol metabolic pathways.	Carbohydrates	168-180	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-77
21836538-4	2011	KC express the CD11b/CD18 receptor, which has been implicated in chilled platelet binding and phagocytosis through interaction with platelet surface proteins and carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	162-175	integrin subunit beta 2	Homo sapiens	21-25
21663560-0	2011	Comparative evaluation of capillary zone electrophoresis and HPLC in the determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin.	Carbohydrates	90-102	transferrin	Homo sapiens	113-124
21724247-11	2011	Binding and uptake of NPs carrying antibodies recognizing the carbohydrate recognition domain of DC-SIGN was enhanced when compared to those carrying antibodies recognizing the receptor"s neck region.	Carbohydrates	62-74	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	97-104
21663560-2	2011	These glycoforms are collectively known as carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT).	Carbohydrates	43-55	transferrin	Homo sapiens	66-77
21499819-9	2011	The elevated ADMA level in pregnant women with carbohydrate intolerance may possibly be due to elevated insulin level.	Carbohydrates	47-59	insulin	Homo sapiens	104-111
21949219-4	2011	RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 28 patients using insulin pump therapy consumed two different breakfast meals of equal energy, glycemic index, fiber, and calculated insulin demand (both FII = 60) but approximately twofold difference in carbohydrate content, in random order on three consecutive mornings.	Carbohydrates	244-256	insulin	Homo sapiens	58-65
21949219-5	2011	On one occasion, a carbohydrate-counting algorithm was applied to meal A (75 g carbohydrate) for determining bolus insulin dose.	Carbohydrates	19-31	insulin	Homo sapiens	115-122
21825173-2	2011	We hypothesized that NK cells expanded in response to pathogens will be marked by expression of CD57, a carbohydrate antigen expressed on highly mature cells within the CD56(dim)CD16(+) NK cell compartment.	Carbohydrates	104-116	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	96-100
21981958-2	2011	A key factor in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome is insulin resistance, a phenomenon occurring mainly in obese subjects with a general resistance to the insulin effect only on carbohydrates metabolism.	Carbohydrates	182-195	insulin	Homo sapiens	58-65
21981958-2	2011	A key factor in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome is insulin resistance, a phenomenon occurring mainly in obese subjects with a general resistance to the insulin effect only on carbohydrates metabolism.	Carbohydrates	182-195	insulin	Homo sapiens	159-166
22262068-2	2011	Their plasma concentrations increase quickly following food ingestion, and carbohydrate, fat, and protein have all been shown to stimulate GLP-1 and GIP secretion.	Carbohydrates	75-87	glucagon	Homo sapiens	139-144
22262068-2	2011	Their plasma concentrations increase quickly following food ingestion, and carbohydrate, fat, and protein have all been shown to stimulate GLP-1 and GIP secretion.	Carbohydrates	75-87	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	149-152
22654802-1	2011	Growth hormone (GH), a master regulator of somatic growth, also regulates carbohydrate and lipid metabolism via complex interactions with insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).	Carbohydrates	74-86	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	0-14
22654802-1	2011	Growth hormone (GH), a master regulator of somatic growth, also regulates carbohydrate and lipid metabolism via complex interactions with insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).	Carbohydrates	74-86	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	16-18
22654802-1	2011	Growth hormone (GH), a master regulator of somatic growth, also regulates carbohydrate and lipid metabolism via complex interactions with insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).	Carbohydrates	74-86	insulin	Homo sapiens	138-145
22654802-1	2011	Growth hormone (GH), a master regulator of somatic growth, also regulates carbohydrate and lipid metabolism via complex interactions with insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).	Carbohydrates	74-86	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	150-178
22654802-1	2011	Growth hormone (GH), a master regulator of somatic growth, also regulates carbohydrate and lipid metabolism via complex interactions with insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).	Carbohydrates	74-86	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	180-185
21823679-0	2011	Effect of saccharide structure and size on the degree of substitution and product dispersity of alpha-lactalbumin glycated via the Maillard reaction.	Carbohydrates	10-20	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	96-113
21856285-7	2011	Deletion analysis using rat Klf-10 promoter in the pGL3 vector combined with a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay against the anti-ChREBP antibody demonstrated that the carbohydrate response element is located between -125 bp and -109 bp in the rat Klf-10 promoter.	Carbohydrates	170-182	Kruppel-like factor 10	Rattus norvegicus	28-34
21856285-7	2011	Deletion analysis using rat Klf-10 promoter in the pGL3 vector combined with a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay against the anti-ChREBP antibody demonstrated that the carbohydrate response element is located between -125 bp and -109 bp in the rat Klf-10 promoter.	Carbohydrates	170-182	MLX interacting protein-like	Rattus norvegicus	132-138
21856285-7	2011	Deletion analysis using rat Klf-10 promoter in the pGL3 vector combined with a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay against the anti-ChREBP antibody demonstrated that the carbohydrate response element is located between -125 bp and -109 bp in the rat Klf-10 promoter.	Carbohydrates	170-182	Kruppel-like factor 10	Rattus norvegicus	250-256
21693545-7	2011	Despite the fact that no obvious difference was detected in cell growth, microscopic observations revealed inhibition of foci formation in cells grown in the presence of the anti-carbohydrate scFv proteins.	Carbohydrates	179-191	immunglobulin heavy chain variable region	Homo sapiens	192-196
21665994-2	2011	Variation in the carbohydrate component has been extensively studied for the iron transport protein transferrin, because serum levels of the transferrin isoforms asialotransferrin + disialotransferrin (carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, CDT) are used as biomarkers of excessive alcohol intake.	Carbohydrates	17-29	transferrin	Homo sapiens	100-111
21665994-2	2011	Variation in the carbohydrate component has been extensively studied for the iron transport protein transferrin, because serum levels of the transferrin isoforms asialotransferrin + disialotransferrin (carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, CDT) are used as biomarkers of excessive alcohol intake.	Carbohydrates	17-29	transferrin	Homo sapiens	141-152
21665994-2	2011	Variation in the carbohydrate component has been extensively studied for the iron transport protein transferrin, because serum levels of the transferrin isoforms asialotransferrin + disialotransferrin (carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, CDT) are used as biomarkers of excessive alcohol intake.	Carbohydrates	17-29	transferrin	Homo sapiens	141-152
21665994-2	2011	Variation in the carbohydrate component has been extensively studied for the iron transport protein transferrin, because serum levels of the transferrin isoforms asialotransferrin + disialotransferrin (carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, CDT) are used as biomarkers of excessive alcohol intake.	Carbohydrates	202-214	transferrin	Homo sapiens	100-111
21665994-2	2011	Variation in the carbohydrate component has been extensively studied for the iron transport protein transferrin, because serum levels of the transferrin isoforms asialotransferrin + disialotransferrin (carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, CDT) are used as biomarkers of excessive alcohol intake.	Carbohydrates	202-214	transferrin	Homo sapiens	141-152
21665994-2	2011	Variation in the carbohydrate component has been extensively studied for the iron transport protein transferrin, because serum levels of the transferrin isoforms asialotransferrin + disialotransferrin (carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, CDT) are used as biomarkers of excessive alcohol intake.	Carbohydrates	202-214	transferrin	Homo sapiens	141-152
21771787-0	2011	Specific enzyme complex of beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase-II and glucuronyltransferase-P facilitates biosynthesis of N-linked human natural killer-1 (HNK-1) carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	157-169	UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	27-57
21771787-0	2011	Specific enzyme complex of beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase-II and glucuronyltransferase-P facilitates biosynthesis of N-linked human natural killer-1 (HNK-1) carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	157-169	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	150-155
21771787-2	2011	This unique carbohydrate, consisting of a sulfated trisaccharide (HSO(3)-3GlcAbeta1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-), is biosynthesized by the successive actions of beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta4GalT), glucuronyltransferase (GlcAT-P and GlcAT-S), and sulfotransferase (HNK-1ST).	Carbohydrates	12-24	UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	152-182
21771787-2	2011	This unique carbohydrate, consisting of a sulfated trisaccharide (HSO(3)-3GlcAbeta1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-), is biosynthesized by the successive actions of beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta4GalT), glucuronyltransferase (GlcAT-P and GlcAT-S), and sulfotransferase (HNK-1ST).	Carbohydrates	12-24	UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	184-193
21771787-10	2011	These results indicate that the specific enzyme complex of beta4GalT-II with GlcAT-P plays an important role in the biosynthesis of HNK-1 carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	138-150	UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	59-68
21644928-0	2011	ATF4 deficiency protects mice from high-carbohydrate-diet-induced liver steatosis.	Carbohydrates	40-52	activating transcription factor 4	Mus musculus	0-4
21546314-0	2011	Carbohydrate-binding motif in chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1/YKL-40) specifically activates Akt signaling pathway in colonic epithelial cells.	Carbohydrates	0-12	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	88-91
21540232-4	2011	In this side-by-side study DC-SIGN was found to preferentially bind internal mannose residues of high-mannose-type saccharides and the fucose-containing blood-type antigens H, A, B, Le(a), Le(b) Le(x), Le(y), sialyl-Le(a) as well as sulfatated derivatives of Le(a) and Le(x).	Carbohydrates	115-126	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	27-34
21126861-1	2011	OBJECTIVE: Preoperative conditioning with carbohydrate-based drinks attenuates postoperative insulin resistance and leads to clinical benefits.	Carbohydrates	42-54	insulin	Homo sapiens	93-100
21330118-10	2011	CONCLUSIONS: In type 1 diabetes, insulin adjustment to avoid hypoglycemia may be useful for meals in which the proportion of carbohydrate absorbed as glucose is &lt;0.75, however the precise level which increases hypoglycaemic risk requires further research.	Carbohydrates	125-137	insulin	Homo sapiens	33-40
21540232-8	2011	The precise knowledge of carbohydrate specificity of DC-SIGN and Langerin receptors resulting from our study may aid the future design of microbicides that specifically affect the DC-SIGN/HIV-1 interaction while not compromising the protective function of Langerin.	Carbohydrates	25-37	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	53-60
21540232-8	2011	The precise knowledge of carbohydrate specificity of DC-SIGN and Langerin receptors resulting from our study may aid the future design of microbicides that specifically affect the DC-SIGN/HIV-1 interaction while not compromising the protective function of Langerin.	Carbohydrates	25-37	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	180-187
21864752-1	2011	The major effects of insulin on muscle and adipose tissue are: (1) Carbohydrate metabolism: (a) it increases the rate of glucose transport across the cell membrane, (b) it increases the rate of glycolysis by increasing hexokinase and 6-phosphofructokinase activity, (c) it stimulates the rate of glycogen synthesis and decreases the rate of glycogen breakdown.	Carbohydrates	67-79	insulin	Homo sapiens	21-28
21269731-5	2011	The cytosolic metabolism of the two carbohydrates includes reversible glucosyl transfer reactions to a heteroglycan that are mediated by two glucosyl transferases, DPE2 and PHS2 (or, in all other species, Pho2).	Carbohydrates	36-49	disproportionating enzyme 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	164-168
21787776-3	2011	We report here that the Carbohydrate Recognition Domain (CRD) of the amoebic Gal/GalNAc lectin binds to Toll-like receptors TLR-2 and TLR-4 in human colonic cells, activating the "classic" signalling pathway of these receptors.	Carbohydrates	24-36	toll like receptor 2	Homo sapiens	124-129
21747052-8	2011	At 2 years, the genotype effect on changes in insulin and HOMA-IR remained significant in the highest-carbohydrate diet group (P&lt;0.05).	Carbohydrates	102-114	insulin	Homo sapiens	46-53
21747052-9	2011	The highest carbohydrate diet led to a greater improvement of insulin and HOMA-IR (P for genotype-time interaction &lt;=0.009) in participants with the CC genotype than those without this genotype across 2-year intervention.	Carbohydrates	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	62-81
21453770-4	2011	Glucose activates ChREBP by regulating its entry from the cytosol to the nucleus, thereby promoting its binding to carbohydrate responsive element (ChoRE) in the promoter regions of glycolytic (L-PK) and lipogenic genes (ACC and FAS).	Carbohydrates	115-127	MLX interacting protein-like	Mus musculus	18-24
21453770-4	2011	Glucose activates ChREBP by regulating its entry from the cytosol to the nucleus, thereby promoting its binding to carbohydrate responsive element (ChoRE) in the promoter regions of glycolytic (L-PK) and lipogenic genes (ACC and FAS).	Carbohydrates	115-127	collagen, type II, alpha 1	Mus musculus	194-198
21616678-1	2011	Insulin resistance (IR) affects not only the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism but all aspects of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism.	Carbohydrates	59-71	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
21619874-0	2011	A novel C2 transferrin variant interfering with the analysis of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin.	Carbohydrates	64-76	transferrin	Homo sapiens	11-22
21619874-0	2011	A novel C2 transferrin variant interfering with the analysis of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin.	Carbohydrates	64-76	transferrin	Homo sapiens	87-98
21619874-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is used as a marker for chronic alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
21724991-9	2011	SP-D-NET copurification studies further show that SP-D can simultaneously recognize NETs and carbohydrate ligands in vivo.	Carbohydrates	93-105	surfactant associated protein D	Mus musculus	0-4
21724991-9	2011	SP-D-NET copurification studies further show that SP-D can simultaneously recognize NETs and carbohydrate ligands in vivo.	Carbohydrates	93-105	surfactant associated protein D	Mus musculus	50-54
21864752-1	2011	The major effects of insulin on muscle and adipose tissue are: (1) Carbohydrate metabolism: (a) it increases the rate of glucose transport across the cell membrane, (b) it increases the rate of glycolysis by increasing hexokinase and 6-phosphofructokinase activity, (c) it stimulates the rate of glycogen synthesis and decreases the rate of glycogen breakdown.	Carbohydrates	67-79	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	219-229
21864752-4	2011	These insulin effects serve to encourage the synthesis of carbohydrate, fat and protein, therefore, insulin can be considered to be an anabolic hormone.	Carbohydrates	58-70	insulin	Homo sapiens	6-13
21864752-4	2011	These insulin effects serve to encourage the synthesis of carbohydrate, fat and protein, therefore, insulin can be considered to be an anabolic hormone.	Carbohydrates	58-70	insulin	Homo sapiens	100-107
21592121-8	2011	Conversely, low fat, high carbohydrate feeding partially reversed the body weight defects in CPT1c-TgN mice.	Carbohydrates	26-38	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1c	Mus musculus	93-98
21333772-2	2011	The aim of this work was to evaluate the carbohydrate modified ultrafine ceramic core based nanoparticles (aquasomes) as adjuvant/delivery vehicle in specific immunotherapy using ovalbumin (OVA) as an allergen model.	Carbohydrates	41-53	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	179-188
21596918-5	2011	This association is important as higher PDP activity and protein content will allow for increased activation of PDH, and carbohydrate oxidation.	Carbohydrates	121-133	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	40-43
21115338-1	2011	Inulin-type fructans (ITF) are nondigestible/fermentable carbohydrates which are able - through the modification of the gut microbiota - to counteract high-fat (HF) diet-induced obesity, endotoxemia and related-metabolic alterations.	Carbohydrates	57-70	trefoil factor 3, intestinal	Mus musculus	0-26
21353260-9	2011	We propose that carbohydrate availability is a key modulator of the combined effects of exercise and circulating FFAs on insulin sensitivity.	Carbohydrates	16-28	insulin	Homo sapiens	121-128
21576340-2	2011	Under carbohydrate-rich growth conditions, El Tor biotype strains produce the neutral fermentation end product 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD), which prevents accumulation of organic acids from mixed acid fermentation and thus avoids a lethal decrease in the medium pH, while the Classical biotype strains fail to do the same.	Carbohydrates	6-18	RAR related orphan receptor C	Homo sapiens	46-49
21781358-5	2011	Consuming carbohydrate-containing drinks up to 2 h before surgery has been found to be an effective way to attenuate insulin resistance, minimise protein losses, reduce hospital stays and improve patient comfort without adversely affecting gastric emptying.	Carbohydrates	10-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	117-124
21672517-1	2011	Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has been shown to regulate lipid and carbohydrate metabolism providing a possible link between cardiovascular function and metabolism by mediating the switch from carbohydrate to lipid mobilization and oxidation.	Carbohydrates	70-82	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	0-26
21650186-6	2011	In addition, differences in the lengths of DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR extracellular domains with equivalent numbers of neck repeats support a model in which the different dispositions of the carbohydrate-recognition domains in DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR result from variations in the sequences of the necks.	Carbohydrates	185-197	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	43-50
21650186-6	2011	In addition, differences in the lengths of DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR extracellular domains with equivalent numbers of neck repeats support a model in which the different dispositions of the carbohydrate-recognition domains in DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR result from variations in the sequences of the necks.	Carbohydrates	185-197	C-type lectin domain family 4 member M	Homo sapiens	55-63
21650186-6	2011	In addition, differences in the lengths of DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR extracellular domains with equivalent numbers of neck repeats support a model in which the different dispositions of the carbohydrate-recognition domains in DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR result from variations in the sequences of the necks.	Carbohydrates	185-197	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	55-62
21650186-6	2011	In addition, differences in the lengths of DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR extracellular domains with equivalent numbers of neck repeats support a model in which the different dispositions of the carbohydrate-recognition domains in DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR result from variations in the sequences of the necks.	Carbohydrates	185-197	C-type lectin domain family 4 member M	Homo sapiens	233-241
21712181-8	2011	The effect of thiazolidinediones, glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists and metformin, agents for treatment of diabetes open a new connection between bone, carbohydrate and fat metabolism.	Carbohydrates	151-163	glucagon	Homo sapiens	34-57
21672517-1	2011	Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has been shown to regulate lipid and carbohydrate metabolism providing a possible link between cardiovascular function and metabolism by mediating the switch from carbohydrate to lipid mobilization and oxidation.	Carbohydrates	70-82	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	28-31
21672517-1	2011	Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has been shown to regulate lipid and carbohydrate metabolism providing a possible link between cardiovascular function and metabolism by mediating the switch from carbohydrate to lipid mobilization and oxidation.	Carbohydrates	196-208	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	0-26
21672517-1	2011	Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has been shown to regulate lipid and carbohydrate metabolism providing a possible link between cardiovascular function and metabolism by mediating the switch from carbohydrate to lipid mobilization and oxidation.	Carbohydrates	196-208	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	28-31
21735362-9	2011	CONCLUSIONS: Adjustment of preprandial insulin doses to the amounts of dietary carbohydrates ingested during the subsequent meal resulted in improved metabolic control in previous studies.	Carbohydrates	79-92	insulin	Homo sapiens	39-46
21611652-3	2011	The other is attributed to the diastereomers of the syn-rotamers, which occur by opposite rotation of the imidazolylidene rings and the chiral carbohydrate group incorporated into the NHC ligands.	Carbohydrates	143-155	high mobility group nucleosomal binding domain 4	Homo sapiens	184-187
21611652-0	2011	Dynamic behaviour attributed to chiral carbohydrate substituents of N-heterocyclic carbene ligands in square planar nickel complexes.	Carbohydrates	39-51	high mobility group nucleosomal binding domain 4	Homo sapiens	68-90
21519236-4	2011	RECENT FINDINGS: Both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies support osteocalcin as an active regulator of carbohydrate metabolism in humans, being the muscular load of physical activity one of the possible links between the osteoblast and the insulin axis.	Carbohydrates	109-121	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein	Homo sapiens	71-82
21505329-0	2011	Fibroblast growth factor 21: effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in health and disease.	Carbohydrates	40-52	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	0-27
21505329-1	2011	PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The review summarizes recent findings examining the effects of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism with emphasis on publications from 2010.	Carbohydrates	119-131	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	82-115
21543531-2	2011	The food insulin index (II) directly quantifies the postprandial insulin secretion of a food and takes into account foods with a low or no carbohydrate content.	Carbohydrates	139-151	insulin	Homo sapiens	9-16
21401320-5	2011	In this review, we will focus on recent findings regarding the molecular mechanism by which IRS2 and PTP1B elicit opposite effects on carbohydrate metabolism in the liver in response to insulin.	Carbohydrates	134-146	insulin	Homo sapiens	186-193
21602511-10	2011	FoxO1 suppression by LCFA analogs may provide a molecular rational for the beneficial efficacy of carbohydrate-restricted ketogenic diets in treating diabetes.	Carbohydrates	98-110	forkhead box O1	Homo sapiens	0-5
22470009-5	2011	RESULTS: The results of some of these studies suggest that the daily ingestion of at least one high protein meal containing low to moderate amounts of carbohydrate increases insulin secretion and glucose uptake, improving insulin sensitivity.	Carbohydrates	151-163	insulin	Homo sapiens	174-181
21555785-2	2011	Binding of heparin fragments to the positively charged N-terminal half of monomeric amylin depends on the concentration of negatively charged saccharides but is independent of oligosaccharide length.	Carbohydrates	142-153	islet amyloid polypeptide	Mus musculus	84-90
21680986-2	2011	Clinicians are familiar with physiological effects of insulin on carbohydrate metabolism, including stimulation of glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and the suppression of glucose production from the liver.	Carbohydrates	65-77	insulin	Homo sapiens	54-61
21646544-5	2011	Here we show in a model of chronic hyperinsulinemia that adipocytes develop selective insulin resistance in which translocation of the GLUT4 glucose transporter to the cell surface is blunted yet nuclear exclusion of the FoxO1 transcription factor is preserved, rendering uncoupled insulin-controlled carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms.	Carbohydrates	301-313	insulin	Homo sapiens	40-47
21646544-5	2011	Here we show in a model of chronic hyperinsulinemia that adipocytes develop selective insulin resistance in which translocation of the GLUT4 glucose transporter to the cell surface is blunted yet nuclear exclusion of the FoxO1 transcription factor is preserved, rendering uncoupled insulin-controlled carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms.	Carbohydrates	301-313	insulin	Homo sapiens	86-93
21325437-10	2011	Carbohydrate content alone predicted the glucose and insulin responses to single foods (P &lt; 0.001) but not to mixed meals.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	53-60
21668975-0	2011	Effects of preoperative feeding with a whey protein plus carbohydrate drink on the acute phase response and insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	57-69	insulin	Homo sapiens	108-115
21641554-7	2011	These results demonstrate that FGF15/19 works subsequent to insulin as a postprandial regulator of hepatic carbohydrate homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	107-119	insulin	Homo sapiens	60-67
20385098-5	2011	These findings indicate that modification of a residue(s) in the carbohydrate binding region may have a profound effect on the structural and functional properties of the P-domain and consequently on association of calnexin with the folding enzyme ERp57.	Carbohydrates	65-77	protein disulfide isomerase family A member 3	Homo sapiens	248-253
21504004-0	2011	Application of capillary isoelectric focusing and peptide mass fingerprinting in carbohydrate-deficient transferrin detection.	Carbohydrates	81-93	transferrin	Homo sapiens	104-115
21504004-1	2011	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is a specific biomarker of alcohol abuse and is widely used in clinical diagnosis to detect and follow up excessive alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
21385876-8	2011	Carbohydrate binding assays revealed that the 5750 antibody specifically binds to LewisX-related carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	0-12	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	82-88
21385876-8	2011	Carbohydrate binding assays revealed that the 5750 antibody specifically binds to LewisX-related carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	97-110	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	82-88
21430076-0	2011	Intragastric administration of allyl isothiocyanate increases carbohydrate oxidation via TRPV1 but not TRPA1 in mice.	Carbohydrates	62-74	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Mus musculus	89-94
21430076-8	2011	These findings suggest that AITC might activate TRPV1 and that AITC increased carbohydrate oxidation via TRPV1.	Carbohydrates	78-90	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Mus musculus	105-110
21391228-8	2011	Stimulation of cell adhesion and polarization by rGal-1 was abrogated in the presence of thiodigalactoside, a galectin-specific sugar, suggesting the involvement of protein-carbohydrate interactions in these effects.	Carbohydrates	173-185	galectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-55
20938441-3	2011	The present study showed that transgenic mice with pancreatic acinar cell-specific overexpression of the human PLA2G1B gene gained significantly more weight and displayed elevated insulin resistance characteristics, such as impaired glucose tolerance, compared with wild-type (WT) mice, when challenged with a high-fat/carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	319-331	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	111-118
21474539-4	2011	Luciferase reporter gene assays using the MIG12 gene promoter revealed the existence of a LXR-responsive element (LXRE) and carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP)-responsive element named LXRE3 and carbohydrate response element 1, respectively.	Carbohydrates	124-136	MLX interacting protein-like	Rattus norvegicus	173-179
21474539-5	2011	Deletion and mutation of LXRE3 and carbohydrate response element 1 abolished LXR and ChREBP responsiveness, respectively.	Carbohydrates	35-47	MLX interacting protein-like	Rattus norvegicus	85-91
21527252-4	2011	Here we have carried out carbohydrate microarray analyses of one of the monoclonal antibodies, AE3, that has been regarded the "most carcinoma specific" in respect to its ability to detect HCA in sera of patients with epithelial cancers.	Carbohydrates	25-37	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Homo sapiens	95-98
21527252-6	2011	We have thus established that the antigen recognized by antibody AE3 is a carbohydrate sequence distinct from the A, B, H, Lewis(a/b), Lewis(x/y) and T antigens, but that it is strongly expressed on the monosulfated tetra-glycosyl ceramide, SM1a, Galbeta1-3GalNAcbeta1-4(3-O-sulfate)Galbeta1-4GlcCer.	Carbohydrates	74-86	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Homo sapiens	65-68
21518918-6	2011	Drosophila spin mutants accumulate lysosomal carbohydrates and enlarged lysosomes.	Carbohydrates	45-58	spinster	Drosophila melanogaster	11-15
21555278-4	2011	The mainstay of the formula market is iron-fortified cow"s milk, which may have a distinct variation in carbohydrate, protein, and fat sources, depending on the manufacturer.	Carbohydrates	104-116	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	59-63
21255472-1	2011	In vitro, both carbohydrate sugars and artificial sweeteners (AS) stimulate the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1).	Carbohydrates	15-27	glucagon	Homo sapiens	93-116
21255472-1	2011	In vitro, both carbohydrate sugars and artificial sweeteners (AS) stimulate the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1).	Carbohydrates	15-27	glucagon	Homo sapiens	118-123
21533122-9	2011	We propose that CD20(+)CD5(+)sIgM(+) lymphocytes producing anti-carbohydrate antibodies with anti-tumor activity, might contribute to the response to imatinib treatment.	Carbohydrates	64-76	keratin 20	Homo sapiens	16-20
21357625-7	2011	The transcription factor carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP), which induces fatty acid synthesis genes in response to high carbohydrate feeding, was unexpectedly required during fasting for maximal Rgs16 transcription in liver and in cultured primary hepatocytes during gluconeogenesis.	Carbohydrates	25-37	MLX interacting protein-like	Mus musculus	72-78
21357625-7	2011	The transcription factor carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP), which induces fatty acid synthesis genes in response to high carbohydrate feeding, was unexpectedly required during fasting for maximal Rgs16 transcription in liver and in cultured primary hepatocytes during gluconeogenesis.	Carbohydrates	25-37	regulator of G-protein signaling 16	Mus musculus	217-222
21533120-6	2011	Many genes involved in lipid, carbohydrate, xenobiotic and cholesterol metabolism, as well as inflammation and immunity, were regulated by both PPARgamma and PPARalpha/gamma agonists in at least a number of human hepatocyte populations and/or HepaRG cells.	Carbohydrates	30-42	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	144-153
21346061-3	2011	More extensive and detailed experiments in humans are needed to definitively establish the role of undercarboxylated osteocalcin in human carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	138-150	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein	Homo sapiens	117-128
20977601-1	2011	The concept of metabolic flexibility describes the ability of skeletal muscle to switch between the oxidation of lipid as a fuel during fasting periods to the oxidation of carbohydrate during insulin stimulated period.	Carbohydrates	172-184	insulin	Homo sapiens	192-199
21518412-2	2011	OBJECTIVE: Here we assessed the relationship among fasting PI, clinical parameters, and carbohydrate metabolism, a potential difference of the PI/I ratio between overweight and obese youth with or without IGR in an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and the predictive power of PI levels for IGR.	Carbohydrates	88-100	insulin	Homo sapiens	59-61
21518412-2	2011	OBJECTIVE: Here we assessed the relationship among fasting PI, clinical parameters, and carbohydrate metabolism, a potential difference of the PI/I ratio between overweight and obese youth with or without IGR in an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and the predictive power of PI levels for IGR.	Carbohydrates	88-100	insulin	Homo sapiens	143-145
21333771-7	2011	In addition, PXR and GR are key regulators of intermediary metabolism (e.g. carbohydrate, lipids or bile acids homeostasis) and many other cellular functions (e.g. immune response), hence, the interactions between azoles and PXR/GR are of broader physiological importance.	Carbohydrates	76-88	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens	13-16
21333771-7	2011	In addition, PXR and GR are key regulators of intermediary metabolism (e.g. carbohydrate, lipids or bile acids homeostasis) and many other cellular functions (e.g. immune response), hence, the interactions between azoles and PXR/GR are of broader physiological importance.	Carbohydrates	76-88	nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1	Homo sapiens	21-23
21355727-2	2011	To achieve optimal glycemic control, adjustments of insulin dose at mealtimes must be made taking into account several parameters: blood glucose levels, insulin/carbohydrate ratio, carbohydrate intake, and physical activity.	Carbohydrates	161-173	insulin	Homo sapiens	52-59
21525989-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hepatic hormone involved in the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	109-121	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	12-39
21525989-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hepatic hormone involved in the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	109-121	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	41-46
21494626-3	2011	Therefore we experimentally modulated galectin-3 in folic acid (FA)-induced acute kidney injury utilising modified citrus pectin (MCP), a derivative of pectin which can bind to the galectin-3 carbohydrate recognition domain thereby predominantly antagonising functions linked to this role.	Carbohydrates	192-204	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	181-191
21494626-10	2011	This raises the possibility that MCP may be a novel strategy to reduce renal injury in the long term, perhaps via carbohydrate binding-related functions of galectin-3.	Carbohydrates	114-126	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	156-166
21609293-6	2011	The endogenous carbohydrate oxidation rate with glucose (1.04 g min(-1); CV 68%) was not clearly different from GP (15%; 90% confidence limits: +-24%) and total carbohydrate oxidation rate was not affected.	Carbohydrates	15-27	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	64-70
21395555-7	2011	The immunoreactivity of human NSCs to antibody against SSEA-1 (stage-specific embryonic antigen-1), a well-known carbohydrate antigen of NSCs, was not decreased by the treatment with 100% methanol, indicating that SSEA-1 is mainly carried by glycoproteins and/or proteoglycans in human NSCs.	Carbohydrates	113-125	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	55-97
21395555-7	2011	The immunoreactivity of human NSCs to antibody against SSEA-1 (stage-specific embryonic antigen-1), a well-known carbohydrate antigen of NSCs, was not decreased by the treatment with 100% methanol, indicating that SSEA-1 is mainly carried by glycoproteins and/or proteoglycans in human NSCs.	Carbohydrates	113-125	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	55-61
21355727-2	2011	To achieve optimal glycemic control, adjustments of insulin dose at mealtimes must be made taking into account several parameters: blood glucose levels, insulin/carbohydrate ratio, carbohydrate intake, and physical activity.	Carbohydrates	181-193	insulin	Homo sapiens	52-59
21216737-0	2011	Pregnancy and variations of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin levels measured by the candidate reference HPLC method.	Carbohydrates	28-40	transferrin	Homo sapiens	51-62
20100709-2	2011	Here, we demonstrate that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment causes a marked decrease in ChREBP mRNA and protein levels in the liver of mice fed a normal chow diet or in mice fasted for 24 h and then re-fed a high carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	214-226	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	46-49
20100709-2	2011	Here, we demonstrate that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment causes a marked decrease in ChREBP mRNA and protein levels in the liver of mice fed a normal chow diet or in mice fasted for 24 h and then re-fed a high carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	214-226	MLX interacting protein-like	Mus musculus	89-95
20446026-0	2011	High-carbohydrate diet selectively induces tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in mice liver.	Carbohydrates	5-17	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	43-70
21527802-4	2011	Insulin resistance may have evolved simultaneously as a means to avert the danger of hypoglycaemia to the brain (in view of the reduction of carbohydrate intake).	Carbohydrates	141-153	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
21687509-2	2011	By binding to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) they modulate transcription of genes of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	115-127	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	14-62
21687509-2	2011	By binding to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) they modulate transcription of genes of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	115-127	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	64-73
21358051-0	2011	Structure of the mouse galectin-4 N-terminal carbohydrate-recognition domain reveals the mechanism of oligosaccharide recognition.	Carbohydrates	45-57	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 4	Mus musculus	23-33
21358051-2	2011	The oligosaccharide specificity of the mouse galectin-4 carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) has been reported previously.	Carbohydrates	56-68	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 4	Mus musculus	45-55
20733586-3	2011	RESULTS: We found that genetic ablation of Tspan8 in mice results in a reduction (-15.6%) in the body weight of males fed a normal chow diet and that this deficiency results in a resistance to body weight gain (-13.7%) upon feeding a high fat and high carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	252-264	tetraspanin 8	Mus musculus	43-49
21216879-1	2011	Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) are involved in cell replication, proliferation, differentiation, protein synthesis, carbohydrate homeostasis and bone metabolism.	Carbohydrates	181-193	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	0-28
21216879-1	2011	Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) are involved in cell replication, proliferation, differentiation, protein synthesis, carbohydrate homeostasis and bone metabolism.	Carbohydrates	181-193	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	30-35
21448240-0	2011	Human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 inhibits adhesion of Candida albicans by interacting with yeast cell-wall carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	108-121	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	28-33
21216737-1	2011	AIMS: Contrasting data are available on the diagnostic accuracy of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) during pregnancy.	Carbohydrates	67-79	transferrin	Homo sapiens	90-101
21280662-2	2011	The computerized approach CASPER, an acronym for computer assisted spectrum evaluation of regular polysaccharides, uses liquid state NMR data to elucidate carbohydrate structure based on agreement with predicted (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts.	Carbohydrates	155-167	CASP8 and FADD like apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	26-32
19834322-6	2011	Treatment of T2DM has centered on increasing insulin levels, either by direct insulin administration or oral agents that promote insulin secretion, improving sensitivity to insulin in tissues, or reducing the rate of carbohydrate absorption from the gastrointestinal tract.	Carbohydrates	217-229	insulin	Homo sapiens	45-52
21178610-6	2011	Moreover, loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies have identified fatty acid elongase (Elovl5), a key enzyme involved in PUFA synthesis, as a regulator of hepatic lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	179-191	ELOVL family member 5, elongation of long chain fatty acids (yeast)	Mus musculus	93-99
20843643-2	2011	IgE antibodies against these N-glycans, also termed cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants or CCDs, are prevalent in alcohol drinkers.	Carbohydrates	67-79	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	0-3
20852911-4	2011	Gene functional analysis revealed that pathway associated metabolism (carbohydrate, amino acid, lipid, cholesterol, protein) were enriched (P &lt; 0.001) in the mammary gland during P20 to L1 transition.	Carbohydrates	70-82	heat shock protein family B (small) member 6	Rattus norvegicus	182-185
21107520-9	2011	Incubation of isolated islets from carbohydrate-restricted NZO mice or MIN6 cells with palmitate and glucose for 48 h resulted in a dephosphorylation of FOXO1 and thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 (AKT) without changing the protein levels of both proteins.	Carbohydrates	35-47	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	163-193
21107520-9	2011	Incubation of isolated islets from carbohydrate-restricted NZO mice or MIN6 cells with palmitate and glucose for 48 h resulted in a dephosphorylation of FOXO1 and thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 (AKT) without changing the protein levels of both proteins.	Carbohydrates	35-47	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	195-198
21192937-4	2011	Hypoxia caused reduced binding of the glucose responsive MondoA:Mlx transcription factor to the carbohydrate response elements (ChoREs) in the Txnip promoter.	Carbohydrates	96-108	thioredoxin interacting protein	Homo sapiens	143-148
21205108-0	2011	Dietary prescriptions for the overweight patient: the potential benefits of low-carbohydrate diets in insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	80-92	insulin	Homo sapiens	102-109
21205108-4	2011	While a variety of dietary approaches will result in weight and cardiac risk factor reduction, individuals who have been identified as insulin-resistant may derive additional short-term weight loss results from a low-carbohydrate diet compared to a low-fat diet.	Carbohydrates	217-229	insulin	Homo sapiens	135-142
21666962-4	2011	They compose the nuclear receptor superfamily and there are in three isoforms (PPARalpha,PPARbeta/delta and PPARgamma), which play an important role in the regulation of the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.	Carbohydrates	188-201	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	108-117
21271676-7	2011	Close examination of PGD2S spots revealed the presence of complex sialylated carbohydrates at residues Asn(78) and Asn(87) .	Carbohydrates	77-90	prostaglandin D2 synthase	Homo sapiens	21-26
21224234-3	2011	Here we determined the effects of chronic l-carnitine and carbohydrate (CHO; to elevate serum insulin) ingestion on muscle TC content and exercise metabolism and performance in humans.	Carbohydrates	58-70	insulin	Homo sapiens	94-101
21119562-12	2011	Recovery of the porcine beta1,4 N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferase 2 suggests that an antibody response to a SD-like carbohydrate may represent a new carbohydrate moiety involved in xenotransplantation.	Carbohydrates	117-129	beta-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	24-68
21030586-1	2011	The Liver X receptor (LXR) is an important regulator of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in humans and mice.	Carbohydrates	56-68	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3	Mus musculus	22-25
20820904-1	2011	Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial metabolic disease, caused by the complete or relative absence of insulin hormone, which results in the deterioration of carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	158-170	insulin	Homo sapiens	103-110
20977390-0	2011	Liquid and solid carbohydrate foods: comparative effects on glycemic and insulin responses, and satiety.	Carbohydrates	17-29	insulin	Homo sapiens	73-80
20869959-0	2011	Changes in transferrin glycosylation during pregnancy may lead to false-positive carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) results in testing for riskful alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	81-93	transferrin	Homo sapiens	11-22
20869959-0	2011	Changes in transferrin glycosylation during pregnancy may lead to false-positive carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) results in testing for riskful alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	81-93	transferrin	Homo sapiens	104-115
21113792-13	2011	Fermentable indigestible carbohydrate increases the number of FFA2-positive L-cells in the proximal colon.	Carbohydrates	25-37	free fatty acid receptor 2	Homo sapiens	62-66
21282201-4	2011	The high-carbohydrate diet decreased the activity of the lipoprotein lipase, utilization of fatty acids, expression of the gene of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and its target enzymes.	Carbohydrates	9-21	lipoprotein lipase	Rattus norvegicus	57-75
20869959-1	2011	BACKGROUND: An alcohol-induced change in serum transferrin glycosylation, termed carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), is widely used as a biomarker of heavy long-term drinking.	Carbohydrates	81-93	transferrin	Homo sapiens	47-58
20869959-1	2011	BACKGROUND: An alcohol-induced change in serum transferrin glycosylation, termed carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), is widely used as a biomarker of heavy long-term drinking.	Carbohydrates	81-93	transferrin	Homo sapiens	104-115
20961853-10	2011	Aside from its classic role in carbohydrate metabolism, enolase was recently found to localize to membranes, where it binds host plasminogen and functions as a virulence factor for several pathogens.	Carbohydrates	31-43	enolase	Leishmania donovani	56-63
21075361-9	2011	Greater IRI capacity of carbohydrates correlated with increased yield of viable MNCs (r(2)=0.92, p=0.004) and CD34(+) cells (r(2)=0.96, p=0.019) after thawing under conditions of high IR.	Carbohydrates	24-37	CD34 molecule	Homo sapiens	110-114
21075361-11	2011	Carbohydrates with greater IRI modulate the induction of early apoptosis during thawing, especially in CD34+ cells (r(2)=0.96, p=0.0001) as compared to total mononuclear cells (p=0.006), and preserve CFU capacity in vitro (r(2)=0.92, p=&lt;0.0001).	Carbohydrates	0-13	CD34 molecule	Homo sapiens	103-107
21224079-2	2011	6-Sulfo sLe(x), a sulfated carbohydrate determinant for L-selectin, is carried on core 2 and extended core 1 O-glycans of HEV-expressed glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	27-39	selectin, lymphocyte	Mus musculus	56-66
21304220-8	2011	Carbohydrate oxidation was increased by DCA, 0.037 +- 0.017 g min(-1) (p &lt; 0.05) at 3 h with no change observed in CON.	Carbohydrates	0-12	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	62-68
21646779-0	2011	Elevated levels of triglyceride and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein triglyceride induced by a high-carbohydrate diet is associated with polymorphisms of APOA5-1131T&gt;C and APOC3-482C&gt;T in Chinese healthy young adults.	Carbohydrates	97-109	apolipoprotein A5	Homo sapiens	151-156
20950796-0	2011	Candidate gene analysis of the human natural killer-1 carbohydrate pathway and perineuronal nets in schizophrenia: B3GAT2 is associated with disease risk and cortical surface area.	Carbohydrates	54-66	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	115-121
20950796-1	2011	BACKGROUND: The Human Natural Killer-1 carbohydrate (HNK-1) is involved in neurodevelopment and synaptic plasticity.	Carbohydrates	39-51	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	53-58
21069447-2	2011	Postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses of foods depend importantly on the carbohydrate quality and quantity, represented by glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), fiber and whole-grain content, but are also influenced by intake of protein and other characteristics.	Carbohydrates	84-96	insulin	Homo sapiens	31-38
21963509-2	2011	We previously isolated cDNAs of 10 galectin and galectin-like genes (lec-1 to lec-6 and lec-8 to lec-11) from Caenorhabditis elegans and characterized the carbohydrate-binding properties of their recombinant proteins.	Carbohydrates	155-167	Galectin	Caenorhabditis elegans	35-43
21963509-2	2011	We previously isolated cDNAs of 10 galectin and galectin-like genes (lec-1 to lec-6 and lec-8 to lec-11) from Caenorhabditis elegans and characterized the carbohydrate-binding properties of their recombinant proteins.	Carbohydrates	155-167	Galectin	Caenorhabditis elegans	48-56
21628898-1	2011	LEC-1 is the first tandem repeat-type galectin isolated from an animal system; this galectin has two carbohydrate recognition domains in a single polypeptide chain.	Carbohydrates	101-113	Galectin	Caenorhabditis elegans	84-92
21628898-6	2011	This method is very useful for capturing and assigning endogenous ligand glycoconjugates with relatively low affinities to each carbohydrate recognition domain of the whole tandem repeat-type galectin molecule.	Carbohydrates	128-140	Galectin	Caenorhabditis elegans	192-200
21473265-12	2011	If the carbohydrates were to pose a barrier to successful DBP control, additional treatment stages such as nanofiltration are likely to be required to reduce their occurrence.	Carbohydrates	7-20	D-box binding PAR bZIP transcription factor	Homo sapiens	58-61
22258467-8	2011	IR of adipose and skeletal muscle tissue, and the elevation in insulin levels in obese, insulin-resistant patients could be explained by an adaptation to their carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	160-172	insulin	Homo sapiens	63-70
22258467-8	2011	IR of adipose and skeletal muscle tissue, and the elevation in insulin levels in obese, insulin-resistant patients could be explained by an adaptation to their carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	160-172	insulin	Homo sapiens	88-95
21199800-11	2011	Greater weight and lower carbohydrate intake at baseline and after randomization were associated with an increased risk of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer.	Carbohydrates	25-37	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	123-140
21199800-11	2011	Greater weight and lower carbohydrate intake at baseline and after randomization were associated with an increased risk of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer.	Carbohydrates	25-37	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	142-144
21199800-13	2011	Weight and carbohydrate intakes were associated with risk of ER-positive breast cancer.	Carbohydrates	11-23	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	61-63
21088568-2	2011	RECENT FINDINGS: There has been continued interest in the potential of oral BCAA supplements in improving energy metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, insulin resistance, severity of liver disease, serum albumin levels, quality of serum albumin, or postoperative complication rates.	Carbohydrates	146-158	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	76-80
21496386-4	2011	This fraction was found to be composed primarily of saccharides and in vitro intensively stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages that produce Th1 inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and interleukin-6 (IL-6).	Carbohydrates	52-63	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	142-145
20842170-0	2011	Effect of carbohydrate digestibility on appetite and its relationship to postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels.	Carbohydrates	10-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	104-111
20842170-1	2011	BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: "Slowly digestible" carbohydrates have been claimed to reduce appetite through their effects on postprandial glucose and insulin levels, but literature is inconsistent.	Carbohydrates	43-56	insulin	Homo sapiens	144-151
21447958-0	2011	Suitability of different glycoproteins and test systems for detecting cross-reactive carbohydrate determinant-specific IgE in hymenoptera venom-allergic patients.	Carbohydrates	85-97	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	119-122
21447958-1	2011	BACKGROUND: In hymenoptera venom allergy, about 75% of detected in vitro double positivity to yellow jacket and honeybee venom is ascribed to specific IgE (sIgE) directed against cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs).	Carbohydrates	194-206	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	151-154
21496386-4	2011	This fraction was found to be composed primarily of saccharides and in vitro intensively stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages that produce Th1 inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and interleukin-6 (IL-6).	Carbohydrates	52-63	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	177-204
21496386-4	2011	This fraction was found to be composed primarily of saccharides and in vitro intensively stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages that produce Th1 inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and interleukin-6 (IL-6).	Carbohydrates	52-63	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	217-234
21496386-4	2011	This fraction was found to be composed primarily of saccharides and in vitro intensively stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages that produce Th1 inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and interleukin-6 (IL-6).	Carbohydrates	52-63	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	236-244
21496386-4	2011	This fraction was found to be composed primarily of saccharides and in vitro intensively stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages that produce Th1 inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and interleukin-6 (IL-6).	Carbohydrates	52-63	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	247-263
21496386-4	2011	This fraction was found to be composed primarily of saccharides and in vitro intensively stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages that produce Th1 inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and interleukin-6 (IL-6).	Carbohydrates	52-63	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	265-274
21496386-4	2011	This fraction was found to be composed primarily of saccharides and in vitro intensively stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages that produce Th1 inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and interleukin-6 (IL-6).	Carbohydrates	52-63	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	281-294
21496386-4	2011	This fraction was found to be composed primarily of saccharides and in vitro intensively stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages that produce Th1 inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and interleukin-6 (IL-6).	Carbohydrates	52-63	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	296-300
21183832-0	2011	Omega 3 Chia seed loading as a means of carbohydrate loading.	Carbohydrates	40-52	chitinase acidic	Homo sapiens	8-12
21297910-6	2011	As proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1alpha has been shown to be up-regulated in livers of diabetic animals and to promote insulin resistance, we hypothesize that dysregulated pathways in carbohydrate metabolism and a disturbance of selenium homeostasis are linked via proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1alpha.	Carbohydrates	204-216	insulin	Homo sapiens	139-146
22472280-5	2011	In a systematic review to estimate the optimal dietary fat to carbohydrate ratio, it was found that obese subjects with hyperinsulinemia (or insulin resistance) lost more weight on a mild low-carbohydrate (LC) (or low-glycemic load diet; 40% carbohydrate, 30-35% fat) than on a low-fat (LF) diet (55-60% carbohydrate, 20% fat), whereas those without hyperinsulinemia showed the opposite.	Carbohydrates	62-74	insulin	Homo sapiens	125-132
22472280-5	2011	In a systematic review to estimate the optimal dietary fat to carbohydrate ratio, it was found that obese subjects with hyperinsulinemia (or insulin resistance) lost more weight on a mild low-carbohydrate (LC) (or low-glycemic load diet; 40% carbohydrate, 30-35% fat) than on a low-fat (LF) diet (55-60% carbohydrate, 20% fat), whereas those without hyperinsulinemia showed the opposite.	Carbohydrates	192-204	insulin	Homo sapiens	125-132
22472280-5	2011	In a systematic review to estimate the optimal dietary fat to carbohydrate ratio, it was found that obese subjects with hyperinsulinemia (or insulin resistance) lost more weight on a mild low-carbohydrate (LC) (or low-glycemic load diet; 40% carbohydrate, 30-35% fat) than on a low-fat (LF) diet (55-60% carbohydrate, 20% fat), whereas those without hyperinsulinemia showed the opposite.	Carbohydrates	192-204	insulin	Homo sapiens	125-132
22472280-5	2011	In a systematic review to estimate the optimal dietary fat to carbohydrate ratio, it was found that obese subjects with hyperinsulinemia (or insulin resistance) lost more weight on a mild low-carbohydrate (LC) (or low-glycemic load diet; 40% carbohydrate, 30-35% fat) than on a low-fat (LF) diet (55-60% carbohydrate, 20% fat), whereas those without hyperinsulinemia showed the opposite.	Carbohydrates	192-204	insulin	Homo sapiens	125-132
21603264-5	2011	Of the genes distinctly responsive to CR, 17 related to carbohydrate metabolism and glucose transport, including glucose transporter (GLUT) 4.	Carbohydrates	56-68	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4	Mus musculus	113-141
21170813-5	2011	After controlling for non-nutritional variables and mutually adjusting for energy-generating nutrients and ethanol, carbohydrate intake was inversely associated with ER-alpha (P = 0.04) and PR (P = 0.10) expression.	Carbohydrates	116-128	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	166-174
21146220-0	2011	The N- and C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domains of galectin-9 contribute differently to its multiple functions in innate immunity and adaptive immunity.	Carbohydrates	22-34	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	58-68
21146220-3	2011	Gal-9 contains two carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD) in the N- and C-terminal regions (Gal-9-N and Gal-9-C).	Carbohydrates	19-31	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	0-5
21595418-0	2011	Improved capillary electrophoresis determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin including on-line immunosubtraction.	Carbohydrates	52-64	transferrin	Homo sapiens	75-86
21595418-1	2011	The instrumental analysis of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), a recognized marker of chronic alcohol abuse, is most commonly carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE).	Carbohydrates	29-41	transferrin	Homo sapiens	52-63
21084378-0	2011	The Drosophila NR4A nuclear receptor DHR38 regulates carbohydrate metabolism and glycogen storage.	Carbohydrates	53-65	Hormone receptor-like in 38	Drosophila melanogaster	37-42
21084378-4	2011	DHR38 null mutants have normal levels of glucose, trehalose (the major circulating form of sugar), and triacylglycerol but display reduced levels of glycogen in the body wall muscles, which constitute the primary storage site for carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	230-243	Hormone receptor-like in 38	Drosophila melanogaster	0-5
21714685-1	2011	Dietary glycemic load (GL), glycemic index (GI), and carbohydrate could be associated with breast cancer risk by influencing long-term blood glucose and insulin concentrations.	Carbohydrates	53-65	insulin	Homo sapiens	153-160
21170813-8	2011	Although in these data no strong relations of qualitative aspects of diet with hormone receptor expression in breast cancer tumors were evident, the inverse association of carbohydrate intake with ER-alpha, and perhaps PR, expression merits further study in future investigations.	Carbohydrates	172-184	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	197-205
22216245-5	2011	When galectin-3 was transiently expressed in galectin-3(-/-) sarcoma cells, it inhibited cell adhesion and stimulated the migratory response to laminin in a carbohydrate-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	157-169	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	5-15
21969861-9	2011	Our data provide new insight into the molecular underpinnings of phenotypic plasticity in the honeybee, invoke parallels with vertebrate metabolism, and support an integrated and irs-dependent association of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism with the transition from in-nest tasks to foraging.	Carbohydrates	208-220	insulin receptor substrate 1-B	Apis mellifera	179-182
21829679-6	2011	The human FGF21 promoter (-1672 to +230 bp) was found to have a carbohydrate-responsive element at -380 to -366 bp, which is distinct from the PPAR response element (PPRE).	Carbohydrates	64-76	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	10-15
21887293-7	2011	In liver, absence of either NPC1 or NPC2 resulted in similar alterations in the carbohydrate processing of the lysosomal protease, tripeptidyl peptidase I.	Carbohydrates	80-92	NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1	Mus musculus	28-32
21887293-7	2011	In liver, absence of either NPC1 or NPC2 resulted in similar alterations in the carbohydrate processing of the lysosomal protease, tripeptidyl peptidase I.	Carbohydrates	80-92	NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 2	Mus musculus	36-40
21829679-7	2011	Knock-down of the carbohydrate response element binding protein by RNAi diminished glucose-induced human FGF21 transcription.	Carbohydrates	18-30	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	105-110
20724479-0	2010	Structure of human stabilin-1 interacting chitinase-like protein (SI-CLP) reveals a saccharide-binding cleft with lower sugar-binding selectivity.	Carbohydrates	84-94	chitinase domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	19-64
21355296-0	2011	[Effects of the +83C/T polymorphism in apolipoprotein AI gene on the changes of serum biochemical traits of gluocse and lipid metabolism induced by high-carbohydrate diets].	Carbohydrates	153-165	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	39-56
21355296-1	2011	OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible effects of the +83C/T polymorphism in apolipoprotein AI gene (apoA1) on the changes of serum lipids, glucose, insulin and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) induced by a high-carbohydrate diet in healthy youth.	Carbohydrates	277-289	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	110-127
21355296-1	2011	OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible effects of the +83C/T polymorphism in apolipoprotein AI gene (apoA1) on the changes of serum lipids, glucose, insulin and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) induced by a high-carbohydrate diet in healthy youth.	Carbohydrates	277-289	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	134-139
21355296-7	2011	RESULTS: Triglyceride and insulin were found significantly increased in the subjects with the CC genotype, but not in the T carriers after the high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	148-160	insulin	Homo sapiens	26-33
21355296-9	2011	CONCLUSION: The triglyceride and insulin changes after the high-carbohydrate diet can be modulated by the apoA1 +83C/T polymorphism, and the T allele may eliminate the increase in triglyceride and insulin induced by the high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	64-76	insulin	Homo sapiens	33-40
21355296-9	2011	CONCLUSION: The triglyceride and insulin changes after the high-carbohydrate diet can be modulated by the apoA1 +83C/T polymorphism, and the T allele may eliminate the increase in triglyceride and insulin induced by the high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	64-76	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	106-111
21355296-9	2011	CONCLUSION: The triglyceride and insulin changes after the high-carbohydrate diet can be modulated by the apoA1 +83C/T polymorphism, and the T allele may eliminate the increase in triglyceride and insulin induced by the high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	64-76	insulin	Homo sapiens	197-204
21355296-9	2011	CONCLUSION: The triglyceride and insulin changes after the high-carbohydrate diet can be modulated by the apoA1 +83C/T polymorphism, and the T allele may eliminate the increase in triglyceride and insulin induced by the high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	225-237	insulin	Homo sapiens	33-40
21355296-9	2011	CONCLUSION: The triglyceride and insulin changes after the high-carbohydrate diet can be modulated by the apoA1 +83C/T polymorphism, and the T allele may eliminate the increase in triglyceride and insulin induced by the high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	225-237	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	106-111
21355296-9	2011	CONCLUSION: The triglyceride and insulin changes after the high-carbohydrate diet can be modulated by the apoA1 +83C/T polymorphism, and the T allele may eliminate the increase in triglyceride and insulin induced by the high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	225-237	insulin	Homo sapiens	197-204
21210196-2	2011	Its metal independent nature, preferential affinity for beta-D-lactose and 90-94% homology with carbohydrate recognition domain of previously reported galectin-1 confirmed its inclusion in galectin-1 subfamily.	Carbohydrates	96-108	galectin-1	Capra hircus	151-161
21210196-2	2011	Its metal independent nature, preferential affinity for beta-D-lactose and 90-94% homology with carbohydrate recognition domain of previously reported galectin-1 confirmed its inclusion in galectin-1 subfamily.	Carbohydrates	96-108	galectin-1	Capra hircus	189-199
22185024-5	2011	Carbohydrate metabolism was studied by glucose and insulin blood levels before meal and after it.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	51-58
20724479-0	2010	Structure of human stabilin-1 interacting chitinase-like protein (SI-CLP) reveals a saccharide-binding cleft with lower sugar-binding selectivity.	Carbohydrates	84-94	chitinase domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	66-72
20724479-4	2010	To gain insight into the biological function of SI-CLP, we determined the crystal structure of SI-CLP at 2.7 A resolution by x-ray crystallography and found that it featured a typical triose-phosphate isomerase barrel fold with a putative saccharide-binding cleft.	Carbohydrates	239-249	chitinase domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	48-54
20724479-4	2010	To gain insight into the biological function of SI-CLP, we determined the crystal structure of SI-CLP at 2.7 A resolution by x-ray crystallography and found that it featured a typical triose-phosphate isomerase barrel fold with a putative saccharide-binding cleft.	Carbohydrates	239-249	chitinase domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	95-101
20724479-6	2010	The saccharide-binding capacity of SI-CLP was investigated, and its ligand-binding specificity was found to relate to the length of the oligosaccharides, with preference for chitotetraose.	Carbohydrates	4-14	chitinase domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	35-41
20724479-8	2010	Our results demonstrate the saccharide-binding property of SI-CLP by structure and in vitro biochemical analyses and suggest the possible roles of SI-CLP in pathogen sensing and endotoxin neutralization.	Carbohydrates	28-38	chitinase domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	59-65
20724479-8	2010	Our results demonstrate the saccharide-binding property of SI-CLP by structure and in vitro biochemical analyses and suggest the possible roles of SI-CLP in pathogen sensing and endotoxin neutralization.	Carbohydrates	28-38	chitinase domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	147-153
20654605-1	2010	BACKGROUND: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) measurement on the multicapillary system Capillarys  is characterized by high throughput and an on-line sample pre-treatment.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
20727347-0	2010	Importance of HPLC confirmation of problematic carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) results from a multicapillary electrophoresis routine method.	Carbohydrates	47-59	transferrin	Homo sapiens	70-81
20727347-1	2010	BACKGROUND: This study presents results from a routine laboratory setup for carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) measurement, using initial capillary electrophoresis (CE) analysis and, in problematic cases, further investigation by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).	Carbohydrates	76-88	transferrin	Homo sapiens	99-110
20697796-2	2010	We compared self-reported alcohol consumption with levels of plasma carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (%CDT), a biomarker of heavy alcohol consumption, in persons initiating antiretroviral therapy in Uganda.	Carbohydrates	68-80	transferrin	Homo sapiens	91-102
21058637-5	2010	In particular, acetylcholinesterase inhibition (IC(50) of 7.1 +- 1.3 mg mL(-1)) implies the conjugate"s usefulness in the chemoprevention of Alzheimer"s disease, while the inhibition of alpha-amylase (IC(50) of 9.8 +- 1.1 mg mL(-1)) suggests that the conjugate can be a preferred alternative for inhibition of carbohydrate breakdown and control of glycemic index of food products.	Carbohydrates	310-322	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	15-35
20880849-0	2010	Structural basis of carbohydrate recognition by calreticulin.	Carbohydrates	20-32	calreticulin	Homo sapiens	48-60
20711806-1	2010	BACKGROUND: Several reports have suggested that conditions associated with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, such as diets high in carbohydrates, may influence the risk of pancreatic cancer, although results from prior studies have been mixed.	Carbohydrates	138-151	insulin	Homo sapiens	80-87
21073611-14	2010	CONCLUSIONS: HEV-like vessels expressing GlcNAc6ST-1-mediated L-selectin ligand carbohydrate and MAdCAM-1 may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of "Candidatus Helicobacter heilmannii"-induced chronic gastritis and MALT lymphoma.	Carbohydrates	80-92	carbohydrate sulfotransferase 2	Mus musculus	41-52
20584565-1	2010	BACKGROUND &amp; AIMS: The acute ingestion of an acetogenic indigestible carbohydrate (lactulose) increased acetate turnover associated with decreased lipolysis (glycerol turnover) in insulin-resistant patients.	Carbohydrates	73-85	insulin	Homo sapiens	184-191
20878207-3	2010	The bulk of OLFM4 exists in a polymeric form which is held together by disulfide bonds and carbohydrate interactions.	Carbohydrates	91-103	olfactomedin 4	Homo sapiens	12-17
20396896-0	2010	Postprandial ghrelin and PYY responses of male subjects on low carbohydrate meals to varied balancing proportions of proteins and fats.	Carbohydrates	63-75	peptide YY	Homo sapiens	25-28
21073611-14	2010	CONCLUSIONS: HEV-like vessels expressing GlcNAc6ST-1-mediated L-selectin ligand carbohydrate and MAdCAM-1 may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of "Candidatus Helicobacter heilmannii"-induced chronic gastritis and MALT lymphoma.	Carbohydrates	80-92	selectin, lymphocyte	Mus musculus	62-72
21178938-8	2010	CONCLUSION: Type-1 diabetes athletes, treated with insulin analogues, participating in half-marathon competitions exhibited less insulin reduction in comparison with traditional guidelines and they needed to take an important quantity of carbohydrate supplements to avoid hypoglycemia during and after the competition.	Carbohydrates	238-250	insulin	Homo sapiens	51-58
21178938-9	2010	We suggest reconsidering traditional recommendations of insulin therapy and carbohydrate supplementation (amount and timing) to athletes treated with current insulin analogues participating in long-distance competitions.	Carbohydrates	76-88	insulin	Homo sapiens	158-165
20339359-9	2010	We conclude that the impairment of T- and HMW-adiponectin levels in childhood obesity is different to that in elder OB patients, showing closer relationship with carbohydrate metabolism parameters than with BFC, but increasing their levels after weight loss and in association with metabolic improvement.	Carbohydrates	162-174	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	46-57
20702048-6	2010	Our hypothesis is that TAG-72 and MUC-1 are the natural ligands for carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) of endocytic mannose receptor (MR or CD206) and DC-specific ICAM non-integrin (DC-SIGN or CD209) expressed on decidual CD14(+) macrophages and CD1a(+) DCs.	Carbohydrates	68-80	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	198-203
19889249-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: Insulin sensitivity could determine the effectiveness of weight-loss diets with different protein:carbohydrate ratios.	Carbohydrates	109-121	insulin	Homo sapiens	11-18
21147367-4	2010	After 7 weeks of HFD and saccharide intake, fasting serum insulin levels in the Tre/HFD group were significantly lower than in the Mal/HFD and Glc/HFD groups (P &lt; .05).	Carbohydrates	25-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	58-65
21147367-9	2010	These findings further suggest that trehalose is a functional saccharide that mitigates insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	62-72	insulin	Homo sapiens	88-95
21123811-2	2010	Intricate tissue-specific tweaking of JNK activity in preclinical models of metabolic diseases reveals a complex interplay among local and systemic effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	159-171	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	38-41
21348234-1	2010	PURPOSE: AFP-L3 is an isoform of a-fetoprotein which has a fucosylated carbohydrate chain, and the fraction of AFP-L3/total AFP (AFP-L3%) specifically increases in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and is widely used for screening and prognosis of HCC.	Carbohydrates	71-83	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	9-12
21036147-1	2010	The carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) functions as a transcription factor in mediating the glucose-activated gene expression of multiple liver enzymes, which are responsible for converting excess carbohydrate to storage fat.	Carbohydrates	4-16	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	51-57
20861009-1	2010	Galectin-9, a tandem-repeat-type beta-galactoside-specific animal lectin with two carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) at the N- and C-terminal ends, is involved in chemoattraction, apoptosis, and the regulation of cell differentiation and has anti-allergic effects.	Carbohydrates	82-94	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	0-10
20501874-5	2010	In the first study, mice consuming a high-fat diet containing 70% fat and &lt;1% carbohydrates for 6 wk showed higher markers of the UPR (BiP, IRE1alpha, and MBTPS2) in the soleus and in the tibialis anterior muscles and ATF4 in the tibialis anterior (P &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	81-94	heat shock protein 5	Mus musculus	138-141
21041668-4	2010	Leukocyte migration is initiated by interactions of the cell adhesion molecules E-, L-, and P-selectin and their corresponding carbohydrate ligands.	Carbohydrates	127-139	selectin, platelet	Mus musculus	92-102
20659069-1	2010	BACKGROUND: It had previously been suggested that individuals with cirrhosis may have a pattern of transferrin glycosylation that interferes with the interpretation of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) testing for heavy alcohol use.	Carbohydrates	168-180	transferrin	Homo sapiens	99-110
20659069-1	2010	BACKGROUND: It had previously been suggested that individuals with cirrhosis may have a pattern of transferrin glycosylation that interferes with the interpretation of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) testing for heavy alcohol use.	Carbohydrates	168-180	transferrin	Homo sapiens	191-202
20501874-5	2010	In the first study, mice consuming a high-fat diet containing 70% fat and &lt;1% carbohydrates for 6 wk showed higher markers of the UPR (BiP, IRE1alpha, and MBTPS2) in the soleus and in the tibialis anterior muscles and ATF4 in the tibialis anterior (P &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	81-94	activating transcription factor 4	Mus musculus	221-225
20501874-6	2010	In the second study, a 20-wk high-fat diet containing 46% fat and 36% carbohydrates also increased BiP, IRE1alpha, and phospho-PERK protein and the expression of ATF4, CHOP, and both the spliced and unspliced forms of XBP1 in the plantar flexors (P &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	70-83	heat shock protein 5	Mus musculus	99-102
20501874-6	2010	In the second study, a 20-wk high-fat diet containing 46% fat and 36% carbohydrates also increased BiP, IRE1alpha, and phospho-PERK protein and the expression of ATF4, CHOP, and both the spliced and unspliced forms of XBP1 in the plantar flexors (P &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	70-83	activating transcription factor 4	Mus musculus	162-166
20501874-6	2010	In the second study, a 20-wk high-fat diet containing 46% fat and 36% carbohydrates also increased BiP, IRE1alpha, and phospho-PERK protein and the expression of ATF4, CHOP, and both the spliced and unspliced forms of XBP1 in the plantar flexors (P &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	70-83	X-box binding protein 1	Mus musculus	218-222
21034984-5	2010	In addition, foods with significant sugar content and other carbohydrates yielding high glycemic loads affect serum insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 levels, both of which promote increased production of available androgens and the subsequent development of acne.	Carbohydrates	60-73	insulin	Homo sapiens	116-123
20818153-0	2010	Laforin in autophagy: a possible link between carbohydrate and protein in Lafora disease?	Carbohydrates	46-58	epilepsy, progressive myoclonic epilepsy, type 2 gene alpha	Mus musculus	0-7
21034984-5	2010	In addition, foods with significant sugar content and other carbohydrates yielding high glycemic loads affect serum insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 levels, both of which promote increased production of available androgens and the subsequent development of acne.	Carbohydrates	60-73	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	128-156
20879970-4	2010	Indeed, the excessive consumption of energy dense foods as source of carbohydrates and fats along with ineffective medical management has negative impact on controlling blood glucose levels and on insulin response.	Carbohydrates	69-82	insulin	Homo sapiens	197-204
21034250-0	2010	Toward standardization of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) measurements: II.	Carbohydrates	26-38	transferrin	Homo sapiens	49-60
21034250-2	2010	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is a descriptive term used for a temporary change in the transferrin glycosylation profile caused by alcohol, and used as a biomarker of chronic high alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
21034250-2	2010	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is a descriptive term used for a temporary change in the transferrin glycosylation profile caused by alcohol, and used as a biomarker of chronic high alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	98-109
20647047-0	2010	Effects of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor I, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and cortisol on gene expression of carbohydrate metabolic enzymes in sea bream hepatocytes.	Carbohydrates	121-133	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	11-25
20647047-0	2010	Effects of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor I, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and cortisol on gene expression of carbohydrate metabolic enzymes in sea bream hepatocytes.	Carbohydrates	121-133	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	27-55
20711693-4	2010	However, replacement of saturated fat by carbohydrates, particularly refined carbohydrates and added sugars, increases levels of triglyceride and small LDL particles and reduces high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, effects that are of particular concern in the context of the increased prevalence of obesity and insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	41-54	insulin	Homo sapiens	313-320
21152451-0	2010	Targeting DC-SIGN with carbohydrate multivalent systems.	Carbohydrates	23-35	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	10-17
21152451-6	2010	The use of these carbohydrate multivalent compounds to target DC-SIGN can be considered a promising strategy to inhibit pathogen entry and to develop new vaccines against pathogen infection or cancer.	Carbohydrates	17-29	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	62-69
20505191-9	2010	RESULTS: Compared with the PKCalpha(+/+) mice, the PKCalpha(-/-) mice were noted to have significantly increased lacrimal gland weight, with enlarged, carbohydrate-rich, PAS-positive acinar cells; increased corneal epithelia permeability, with reduced CE expression; and larger conjunctival epithelial goblet cells.	Carbohydrates	151-163	protein kinase C, alpha	Mus musculus	51-59
20138746-1	2010	The aim of this study was to investigate the interactions of genetic variants in the genes of cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) with high carbohydrate and low fat (HC/LF) diet on lipid profiles in a young and healthy Chinese Han population.	Carbohydrates	190-202	cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens	94-128
20724666-1	2010	The C-type lectin SIGNR3 is a mouse homologue of human DC-SIGN, which shares carbohydrate-binding specificity with human DC-SIGN.	Carbohydrates	77-89	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	55-62
20628884-3	2010	The aim was to investigate whether a carbohydrate (CHO)-reduced diet combined with high-intensity interval training (HIIT) enhances the beneficial effects of the diet alone on insulin sensitivity and fat oxidation in obese individuals.	Carbohydrates	37-49	insulin	Homo sapiens	176-183
20138746-1	2010	The aim of this study was to investigate the interactions of genetic variants in the genes of cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) with high carbohydrate and low fat (HC/LF) diet on lipid profiles in a young and healthy Chinese Han population.	Carbohydrates	190-202	cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens	130-134
20801951-8	2010	In diabetic animals, however, the promoting action of insulin on tumor growth was completely blunted by rapamycin, despite a worsening of the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	142-154	insulin	Homo sapiens	54-61
20423743-1	2010	It has been speculated that dietary carbohydrate restriction is solely responsibly for mobilization of endogenous lipid stores, elevation of plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentration, and an associated reduction in insulin sensitivity seen in starvation and low-carbohydrate diets.	Carbohydrates	36-48	insulin	Homo sapiens	216-223
20423743-9	2010	However, it remains possible that circulating carbohydrate status has an important influence on plasma FFA and therefore insulin sensitivity in healthy people.	Carbohydrates	46-58	insulin	Homo sapiens	121-128
21152305-5	2010	The ultimate target of the study is to contribute to increasing the knowledge of interactions between the human ASGP-R and carbohydrate ligands, at the molecular level, pertinent to applications in the field of hepatic tissue engineering.	Carbohydrates	123-135	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	112-118
24900249-7	2011	These findings support the use of certain saccharides as a potential novel treatment for diabetes mellitus by replacing or supporting insulin.	Carbohydrates	42-53	insulin	Homo sapiens	134-141
22419929-10	2010	CONCLUSIONS: GAPDH gene expression is markedly enhanced in CSX, which reflects carbohydrate metabolism disturbances and makes the GAPDH gene unsuitable as an endogenous control in patients with CSX.	Carbohydrates	79-91	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	13-18
22419929-10	2010	CONCLUSIONS: GAPDH gene expression is markedly enhanced in CSX, which reflects carbohydrate metabolism disturbances and makes the GAPDH gene unsuitable as an endogenous control in patients with CSX.	Carbohydrates	79-91	NK2 homeobox 5	Homo sapiens	59-62
26781239-8	2010	pentosaceus OZF seems to adhere to human intestinal cells via mechanisms that involve different combinations of carbohydrate and lipid factors on the bacteria and eukaryotic cell surface.	Carbohydrates	112-124	zinc finger protein 146	Homo sapiens	12-15
21761370-4	2010	When substituting 5% of energy from total fat for the equivalent amount of energy from carbohydrate or protein intake, the plasma levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were 2.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.3, 5.3) and 1.6% (95% CI 0.4, 2.8) lower, respectively.	Carbohydrates	87-99	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	140-145
21761370-6	2010	Carbohydrates were positively associated with plasma IGF-I level.	Carbohydrates	0-13	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	53-58
21761370-7	2010	When substituting 5% of energy from carbohydrates for the equivalent amount of energy from fat or protein intake, the plasma IGF-I level was 2.0% (95% CI 0.1, 3.9%) higher.	Carbohydrates	36-49	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	125-130
21761370-9	2010	The results suggest that a low-fat/high-fiber or carbohydrate diet is not associated with endogenous levels of sex steroid hormones, but it may modestly increase IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels among premenopausal women.	Carbohydrates	49-61	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	162-167
20930691-2	2010	Nuclear FoxO1 deficiency is the result of increased growth factor signaling with activated phosphoinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt kinase during growth hormone signaling of puberty and increased insulin/IGF-1 signaling due to consumption of insulinotropic milk/dairy products as well as hyperglycemic carbohydrates of Western diet.	Carbohydrates	301-314	forkhead box O1	Homo sapiens	8-13
20890079-0	2010	Determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin levels by using capillary electrophoresis in a Korean population.	Carbohydrates	17-29	transferrin	Homo sapiens	40-51
20890079-1	2010	BACKGROUND: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) levels have rarely been determined in an Asian population.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
20236560-3	2010	DESIGN: Mixed linear models were used to study both cross-sectional and prospective associations between carbohydrate components and insulin resistance separately in girls and boys.	Carbohydrates	105-117	insulin	Homo sapiens	133-140
20920443-11	2010	This experimental protocol could be used to refine estimates of the correction factor and the insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio used by people with T1DM.	Carbohydrates	105-117	insulin	Homo sapiens	94-101
20599878-0	2010	False positive carbohydrate-deficient transferrin results in chronic hemodialysis patients related to the analytical methodology.	Carbohydrates	15-27	transferrin	Homo sapiens	38-49
20599878-2	2010	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin is considered the most accurate biomarker for identifying chronic alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
20473479-2	2010	We therefore sought to characterise for the first time the effects of chronic AMPK activation on skeletal muscle carbohydrate metabolism in carriers of the rare gain-of-function mutation of the gene encoding AMPKgamma(3) subunit, PRKAG3 R225W.	Carbohydrates	113-125	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit gamma 3	Homo sapiens	208-220
21302439-0	2010	[Effects of adiponectin gene SNP45T/G on changes of serum lipid ratios induced by high-carbohydrate/low-fat diet in healthy Chinese youth].	Carbohydrates	87-99	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	12-23
20660302-2	2010	We showed here that AMPK regulates glucocorticoid actions on carbohydrate metabolism by targeting the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and modifying transcription of glucocorticoid-responsive genes in a tissue- and promoter-specific fashion.	Carbohydrates	61-73	nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1	Homo sapiens	102-125
20660302-2	2010	We showed here that AMPK regulates glucocorticoid actions on carbohydrate metabolism by targeting the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and modifying transcription of glucocorticoid-responsive genes in a tissue- and promoter-specific fashion.	Carbohydrates	61-73	nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1	Homo sapiens	127-129
20645852-4	2010	We review the potential primary role of skeletal muscle insulin resistance in the pathophysiology of the metabolic syndrome, showing that in lean, young, insulin-resistant individuals, impaired muscle glucose transport and glycogen synthesis redirect energy derived from carbohydrate into hepatic de novo lipogenesis, promoting the development of atherogenic dyslipidemia and NAFLD.	Carbohydrates	271-283	insulin	Homo sapiens	56-63
20713592-8	2010	Collectively, these data suggest that galectin-3 modulates VEGF- and bFGF-mediated angiogenesis by binding via its carbohydrate recognition domain, to the GnTV synthesized N-glycans of integrin alphavbeta3, and subsequently activating the signaling pathways that promote the growth of new blood vessels.	Carbohydrates	115-127	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	59-64
20713592-8	2010	Collectively, these data suggest that galectin-3 modulates VEGF- and bFGF-mediated angiogenesis by binding via its carbohydrate recognition domain, to the GnTV synthesized N-glycans of integrin alphavbeta3, and subsequently activating the signaling pathways that promote the growth of new blood vessels.	Carbohydrates	115-127	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	69-73
20622656-12	2010	CONCLUSIONS: The changes in muscle PDK4 may explain the mechanism by which preoperative feeding with carbohydrate-based drinks attenuates the development of postoperative insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	101-113	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4	Homo sapiens	35-39
20716374-3	2010	This study aimed to evaluate the influence of nutrition intervention and the use of multiple short-acting insulin according to the carbohydrate counting method on clinical and metabolic control in patients with DM1.	Carbohydrates	131-143	insulin	Homo sapiens	106-113
20716374-6	2010	After the analysis of the food records, a balanced diet was prescribed using the carbohydrate counting method, and short-acting insulin was prescribed based on the total amount of carbohydrate per meal (1 unit per 15 g of carbohydrate).	Carbohydrates	180-192	insulin	Homo sapiens	128-135
20716374-6	2010	After the analysis of the food records, a balanced diet was prescribed using the carbohydrate counting method, and short-acting insulin was prescribed based on the total amount of carbohydrate per meal (1 unit per 15 g of carbohydrate).	Carbohydrates	180-192	insulin	Homo sapiens	128-135
20716374-10	2010	CONCLUSIONS: The use of short-acting insulin based on the carbohydrate counting method after a short period of time resulted in a significant improvement of the glycemic control in patients with DM1 with no changes in body weight despite increases in the total daily insulin doses.	Carbohydrates	58-70	insulin	Homo sapiens	37-44
20716374-10	2010	CONCLUSIONS: The use of short-acting insulin based on the carbohydrate counting method after a short period of time resulted in a significant improvement of the glycemic control in patients with DM1 with no changes in body weight despite increases in the total daily insulin doses.	Carbohydrates	58-70	insulin	Homo sapiens	267-274
20558747-3	2010	The effect of these OXPHOS inhibitors is mediated by earlier identified carbohydrate-response elements (ChoREs) on the Txnip promoter and the ChoRE-associated transcription factors Max-like protein X (MLX) and MondoA (or carbohydrate-response element-binding protein (ChREBP)) involved in glucose-induced Txnip expression, suggesting that inhibited oxidative phosphorylation compromises glucose-induced effects on Txnip expression.	Carbohydrates	72-84	thioredoxin interacting protein	Homo sapiens	119-124
20558747-3	2010	The effect of these OXPHOS inhibitors is mediated by earlier identified carbohydrate-response elements (ChoREs) on the Txnip promoter and the ChoRE-associated transcription factors Max-like protein X (MLX) and MondoA (or carbohydrate-response element-binding protein (ChREBP)) involved in glucose-induced Txnip expression, suggesting that inhibited oxidative phosphorylation compromises glucose-induced effects on Txnip expression.	Carbohydrates	72-84	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	221-266
20558747-3	2010	The effect of these OXPHOS inhibitors is mediated by earlier identified carbohydrate-response elements (ChoREs) on the Txnip promoter and the ChoRE-associated transcription factors Max-like protein X (MLX) and MondoA (or carbohydrate-response element-binding protein (ChREBP)) involved in glucose-induced Txnip expression, suggesting that inhibited oxidative phosphorylation compromises glucose-induced effects on Txnip expression.	Carbohydrates	72-84	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	268-274
20558747-3	2010	The effect of these OXPHOS inhibitors is mediated by earlier identified carbohydrate-response elements (ChoREs) on the Txnip promoter and the ChoRE-associated transcription factors Max-like protein X (MLX) and MondoA (or carbohydrate-response element-binding protein (ChREBP)) involved in glucose-induced Txnip expression, suggesting that inhibited oxidative phosphorylation compromises glucose-induced effects on Txnip expression.	Carbohydrates	72-84	thioredoxin interacting protein	Homo sapiens	305-310
20558747-3	2010	The effect of these OXPHOS inhibitors is mediated by earlier identified carbohydrate-response elements (ChoREs) on the Txnip promoter and the ChoRE-associated transcription factors Max-like protein X (MLX) and MondoA (or carbohydrate-response element-binding protein (ChREBP)) involved in glucose-induced Txnip expression, suggesting that inhibited oxidative phosphorylation compromises glucose-induced effects on Txnip expression.	Carbohydrates	72-84	thioredoxin interacting protein	Homo sapiens	305-310
20522638-0	2010	Differential responses of the incretin hormones GIP and GLP-1 to increasing doses of dietary carbohydrate but not dietary protein in lean rats.	Carbohydrates	93-105	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	48-51
20522638-7	2010	Both GIP and GLP-1 outputs responded dose dependently to increasing amounts of dietary carbohydrate but not protein.	Carbohydrates	87-99	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	5-8
20522638-8	2010	Additionally, we found that the GIP-secreting cells were more sensitive than the GLP-1-secreting cells to changes in intestinal carbohydrate content.	Carbohydrates	128-140	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	32-35
20519362-3	2010	We hypothesized that higher levels of carbohydrate and resulting increases in circulating insulin would inhibit MPB and associated signaling, resulting in augmented NB.	Carbohydrates	38-50	insulin	Homo sapiens	90-97
20306540-4	2010	The saccharides inhibit formation of Abeta fibrils but promote formation of various oligomeric aggregate species through different "off pathway" aggregation mechanisms at 37 degrees C but not at 60 degrees C. The various oligomeric Abeta aggregates formed when coincubated with the different saccharides are morphologically distinct but all are toxic toward SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, increasing the level of toxicity and greatly prolonging toxicity compared with Abeta alone.	Carbohydrates	4-15	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	37-42
20351741-0	2010	Effect of weight loss by a low-fat diet and a low-carbohydrate diet on peptide YY levels.	Carbohydrates	50-62	peptide YY	Homo sapiens	71-81
20351741-6	2010	CONCLUSIONS: Reduced PYY levels after weight loss by an energy-restricted low-fat or low-carbohydrate diet likely represents a compensatory response to maintain energy homeostasis and contributes to difficulty in weight loss during energy-restricted diets.	Carbohydrates	89-101	peptide YY	Homo sapiens	21-24
19962880-2	2010	Carbohydrate conversions at 1, 6, and 72 h were linearly proportional to the logarithm of cellulase loadings from approximately 10% to 90% conversion, indicating that the simplified HCH-1 model is valid for predicting lignocellulose digestibility.	Carbohydrates	0-12	activator of HSP90 ATPase homolog 2, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	182-187
20043808-3	2010	Other experimental evidence, though, indicates that certain polymeric carbohydrates like the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains found in proteoglycan molecules attenuate the neurotoxic effect of Abeta in primary neuronal cultures.	Carbohydrates	70-83	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	191-196
20043808-4	2010	Pretreatment of the 42-residue Abeta fragment (Abeta1-42) with the ubiquitous brain carbohydrates, glucose, fructose, and the GAG chondroitin sulfate B (CSB) inhibits Abeta1-42-induced apoptosis and reduces the peptide neurotoxicity on neuroblastoma cells, a cytoprotective effect that is partially reverted by AGE inhibitors such as pyridoxamine and L-carnosine.	Carbohydrates	84-97	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	31-36
20360060-1	2010	Stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 (SSEA-1) is a well-known carbohydrate antigenic epitope of undifferentiated cells, including neural stem cells (NSCs).	Carbohydrates	60-72	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	0-34
20360060-1	2010	Stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 (SSEA-1) is a well-known carbohydrate antigenic epitope of undifferentiated cells, including neural stem cells (NSCs).	Carbohydrates	60-72	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	36-42
20534694-5	2010	We further demonstrate that expression of carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP or Mlxipl), an important transcriptional regulator of carbohydrate metabolism, is significantly affected in compound Foxa1/a2 mutant beta-cells.	Carbohydrates	42-54	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	89-95
20534694-5	2010	We further demonstrate that expression of carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP or Mlxipl), an important transcriptional regulator of carbohydrate metabolism, is significantly affected in compound Foxa1/a2 mutant beta-cells.	Carbohydrates	42-54	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	99-105
20595461-6	2010	During fruit development, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 2 and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase displayed contrasting expression patterns between early development and ripening, suggesting a switch of carbohydrate metabolism after the turning stage.	Carbohydrates	203-215	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase	Solanum lycopersicum	26-59
20306540-4	2010	The saccharides inhibit formation of Abeta fibrils but promote formation of various oligomeric aggregate species through different "off pathway" aggregation mechanisms at 37 degrees C but not at 60 degrees C. The various oligomeric Abeta aggregates formed when coincubated with the different saccharides are morphologically distinct but all are toxic toward SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, increasing the level of toxicity and greatly prolonging toxicity compared with Abeta alone.	Carbohydrates	4-15	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	232-237
20306540-4	2010	The saccharides inhibit formation of Abeta fibrils but promote formation of various oligomeric aggregate species through different "off pathway" aggregation mechanisms at 37 degrees C but not at 60 degrees C. The various oligomeric Abeta aggregates formed when coincubated with the different saccharides are morphologically distinct but all are toxic toward SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, increasing the level of toxicity and greatly prolonging toxicity compared with Abeta alone.	Carbohydrates	4-15	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	232-237
20306540-4	2010	The saccharides inhibit formation of Abeta fibrils but promote formation of various oligomeric aggregate species through different "off pathway" aggregation mechanisms at 37 degrees C but not at 60 degrees C. The various oligomeric Abeta aggregates formed when coincubated with the different saccharides are morphologically distinct but all are toxic toward SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, increasing the level of toxicity and greatly prolonging toxicity compared with Abeta alone.	Carbohydrates	292-303	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	232-237
20306540-4	2010	The saccharides inhibit formation of Abeta fibrils but promote formation of various oligomeric aggregate species through different "off pathway" aggregation mechanisms at 37 degrees C but not at 60 degrees C. The various oligomeric Abeta aggregates formed when coincubated with the different saccharides are morphologically distinct but all are toxic toward SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, increasing the level of toxicity and greatly prolonging toxicity compared with Abeta alone.	Carbohydrates	292-303	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	232-237
20663453-0	2010	Bolus guide: a novel insulin bolus dosing decision support tool based on selection of carbohydrate ranges.	Carbohydrates	86-98	insulin	Homo sapiens	21-28
20636957-2	2010	We aimed to evaluate associations between dietary glycaemic carbohydrate and insulin resistance or the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome defined by three different criteria in a population-based adolescent cohort.	Carbohydrates	60-72	insulin	Homo sapiens	77-84
20799854-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: Increasing prevalence of exogenous obesity in children appears possibly related to changes in their lipid and carbohydrate metabolism resulting from insulin resistance which, together with obesity and arterial hypertension, are among the components of metabolic syndrome.	Carbohydrates	121-133	insulin	Homo sapiens	160-167
20590881-5	2010	Three decades of research have revealed that the carbohydrate structures of FVIII and VWF contribute to many of the steps that can be distinguished in the life-cycle of these proteins, including biosynthesis/secretion, function and clearance.	Carbohydrates	49-61	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	86-89
20590881-7	2010	In addition, the interaction of the FVIII/VWF complex with two families of carbohydrate-binding proteins, i.e. Galectins and Siglecs, and their potential physiological relevance will be discussed.	Carbohydrates	75-87	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	42-45
20663454-0	2010	A review of the "bolus guide," a new insulin bolus dosing support tool based on selection of carbohydrate ranges.	Carbohydrates	93-105	insulin	Homo sapiens	37-44
20663453-1	2010	BACKGROUND: Optimal continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy emphasizes the relationship between insulin dose and carbohydrate consumption.	Carbohydrates	129-141	insulin	Homo sapiens	44-51
20663454-1	2010	In this issue of Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, Shapira and colleagues present new concepts of carbohydrate load estimation in intensive insulin therapy.	Carbohydrates	108-120	insulin	Homo sapiens	150-157
20663453-1	2010	BACKGROUND: Optimal continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy emphasizes the relationship between insulin dose and carbohydrate consumption.	Carbohydrates	129-141	insulin	Homo sapiens	112-119
20442276-6	2010	A search for structural similarities revealed that PP2-A1 aligned with the Cbm4 and Cbm22-2 carbohydrate-binding modules, leading to the prediction of a beta-strand structure for its conserved domain.	Carbohydrates	92-104	phloem protein 2-A1	Arabidopsis thaliana	51-57
20228221-1	2010	Enhanced production of monounsaturated fatty acids (FA) derived from carbohydrate-enriched diets has been implicated in the development of obesity and insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	69-81	insulin	Homo sapiens	151-158
20338882-5	2010	Expression profiling and pathway analysis indicated that ROR alpha influenced genes involved in: (i) lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, cardiovascular and metabolic disease; (ii) LXR nuclear receptor signaling and (iii) Akt and AMPK signaling.	Carbohydrates	111-123	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	220-223
20442276-12	2010	These results indicate the presence in PP2-A1 of several carbohydrate-binding sites, with potentially different functions in the trafficking of endogenous proteins or in interactions with phloem-feeding insects.	Carbohydrates	57-69	phloem protein 2-A1	Arabidopsis thaliana	39-45
20532036-6	2010	Ablation of iNOS also improved the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism of ob/ob mice.	Carbohydrates	35-47	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	12-16
20431060-2	2010	The nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) has been implicated in the control of lipid, carbohydrate and bile acid metabolism in several cell types.	Carbohydrates	93-105	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4	Mus musculus	43-46
20619088-3	2010	RESULTS: Up-regulated expression of beta-1, 4-GalT-I and beta-1, 4-galactosylated carbohydrate chains in HUVECs stimulated by TNF-alpha were suppressed by PKC inhibitors and increased by PMA.	Carbohydrates	82-94	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 1	Homo sapiens	57-63
20619088-3	2010	RESULTS: Up-regulated expression of beta-1, 4-GalT-I and beta-1, 4-galactosylated carbohydrate chains in HUVECs stimulated by TNF-alpha were suppressed by PKC inhibitors and increased by PMA.	Carbohydrates	82-94	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	126-135
20619088-3	2010	RESULTS: Up-regulated expression of beta-1, 4-GalT-I and beta-1, 4-galactosylated carbohydrate chains in HUVECs stimulated by TNF-alpha were suppressed by PKC inhibitors and increased by PMA.	Carbohydrates	82-94	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	155-158
20385503-0	2010	Adiponectin - A possible factor in the pathogenesis of carbohydrate metabolism disturbances in patients with pheochromocytoma.	Carbohydrates	55-67	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	0-11
20568382-5	2010	Streptavidin CAP was used to measure specific IgE to cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants and Helicobacter pylori.	Carbohydrates	68-80	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	46-49
20147453-7	2010	Surface plasmon resonance analyses revealed a K(D) of purified scFv proteins for Tn3 on an order of 10(-7) M, which is high for carbohydrate-specific monovalent antibodies.	Carbohydrates	128-140	immunglobulin heavy chain variable region	Homo sapiens	63-67
20005542-1	2010	The aim of the study was to test whether fasting or postprandial cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) concentrations are associated with postprandial changes in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) concentrations after fat-rich or carbohydrate-rich meals.	Carbohydrates	244-256	cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens	65-99
20585296-10	2010	There was significant difference in serum IL-6 between two groups in 8 h and 24 h after exercise (P&lt;0.05) and it was greater in carbohydrate group.	Carbohydrates	131-143	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	42-46
20585296-12	2010	CONCLUSION: According to results, carbohydrate increased the inflammatory (IL-6) response following resistance exercise, but had no effects on CRP and CK.	Carbohydrates	34-46	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	75-79
20005542-1	2010	The aim of the study was to test whether fasting or postprandial cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) concentrations are associated with postprandial changes in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) concentrations after fat-rich or carbohydrate-rich meals.	Carbohydrates	244-256	cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens	101-105
20482937-0	2010	Free fatty acid receptor 2 and nutrient sensing: a proposed role for fibre, fermentable carbohydrates and short-chain fatty acids in appetite regulation.	Carbohydrates	88-101	free fatty acid receptor 2	Homo sapiens	0-26
20382893-2	2010	Carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) and its binding partner, Mlx, mediate glucose-regulated gene expression by binding to carbohydrate response elements on target genes, such as the prototypical glucose-responsive gene, liver-type pyruvate kinase (Pklr).	Carbohydrates	141-153	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	0-45
20382893-2	2010	Carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) and its binding partner, Mlx, mediate glucose-regulated gene expression by binding to carbohydrate response elements on target genes, such as the prototypical glucose-responsive gene, liver-type pyruvate kinase (Pklr).	Carbohydrates	141-153	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	47-53
20382893-2	2010	Carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) and its binding partner, Mlx, mediate glucose-regulated gene expression by binding to carbohydrate response elements on target genes, such as the prototypical glucose-responsive gene, liver-type pyruvate kinase (Pklr).	Carbohydrates	141-153	pyruvate kinase L/R	Homo sapiens	267-271
20385766-6	2010	Profiling the liver transcriptome from Klf10(-/-) mice identified 158 regulated genes with significant enrichment for transcripts involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	152-164	Kruppel-like factor 10	Mus musculus	39-44
20413160-1	2010	Pulmonary surfactant proteins, SP-A and SP-D, are carbohydrate pattern recognition molecules of innate immunity, which significantly enhance phagocytosis and killing of Aspergillus fumigatus, a pathogenic fungus, by neutrophils and macrophages.	Carbohydrates	50-62	surfactant associated protein D	Mus musculus	40-44
20536777-4	2010	Many dietary components, including fat, protein, and carbohydrate, modulate IAP expression or activity and may be combined to sustain a high level of IAP activity.	Carbohydrates	53-65	alkaline phosphatase, intestinal	Homo sapiens	76-79
20536777-4	2010	Many dietary components, including fat, protein, and carbohydrate, modulate IAP expression or activity and may be combined to sustain a high level of IAP activity.	Carbohydrates	53-65	alkaline phosphatase, intestinal	Homo sapiens	150-153
20199626-7	2010	The difference in storage carbohydrate accumulation in drought-sensitive and drought-tolerant wheat is correlated with differences in sugar profiles, cell wall invertase gene expression and expression of fructan biosynthesis genes in anther and ovary (sucrose : sucrose 1-fructosyl-transferase, 1-SST; sucrose : fructan 6-fructosyl-transferase, 6-SFT).	Carbohydrates	26-38	sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase	Triticum aestivum	345-350
20642102-3	2010	THE AIM OF THIS STUDY: To assess the impact of body iron stores, as defined by ferritin and transferrin saturation in alcoholics on the value of the indicators of alcohol abuse (carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and the mean corpuscular volume of red blood cells) and the indices of alcoholic liver damage (gamma-glutamyltransferase, aspartate and alanine aminotransferase).	Carbohydrates	178-190	transferrin	Homo sapiens	201-212
20435647-1	2010	UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) is an important enzyme in the metabolism of UDP-glucose, a precursor for the synthesis of carbohydrate cell wall components, such as cellulose and callose.	Carbohydrates	129-141	UDP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-29
20435647-1	2010	UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) is an important enzyme in the metabolism of UDP-glucose, a precursor for the synthesis of carbohydrate cell wall components, such as cellulose and callose.	Carbohydrates	129-141	UDP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	31-37
20404497-3	2010	sut1-m1 mutant plants hyperaccumulate carbohydrates in leaves, are defective in loading sucrose into the phloem, and have altered biomass partitioning.	Carbohydrates	38-51	tocopherol cyclase, chloroplastic	Zea mays	0-4
20206239-1	2010	Polysialic acid (PSA) is a negatively charged carbohydrate polymer, which confers antiadhesive properties to the neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM and facilitates cellular plasticity during brain development.	Carbohydrates	46-58	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	143-147
20187772-6	2010	Following carbohydrate ingestion, serum concentrations of glucose (30-90 min and at 150 min) and insulin (30-180 min) increased (P &lt; 0.05) above pre-exercise values.	Carbohydrates	10-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	97-104
20430629-4	2010	The best of this carbohydrate-based family of five inhibitors displays a K(i) value of 46muM.	Carbohydrates	17-29	latexin	Homo sapiens	89-92
20479934-1	2010	Insulin is as a major postprandial hormone with profound effects on carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism.	Carbohydrates	68-80	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
20417156-5	2010	dSH2B deficiency also increased hemolymph carbohydrate levels, whole-body lipid levels, life span, and resistance to starvation and oxidative stress.	Carbohydrates	42-54	Lnk	Drosophila melanogaster	0-5
20513322-4	2010	The algorithm is based on a formula in which carbohydrate (CHO) and either fat and/or protein (FP) products are engulfed in insulin.	Carbohydrates	45-57	insulin	Homo sapiens	124-131
20463811-3	2010	Interestingly, infusion of normal infected mice with alpha-lactose, the sugar that binds to the carbohydrate-binding domain of Gal-9 limiting its engagement of T cell immunoglobulin and mucin (TIM-3) receptors, also caused a more elevated and higher quality CD8(+) T cell response to HSV particularly in the acute phase.	Carbohydrates	96-108	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 9	Mus musculus	127-132
20506878-0	2010	Impact of elevated per cent carbohydrate-deficient transferrin at hospital admission on outcomes in trauma patients.	Carbohydrates	28-40	transferrin	Homo sapiens	51-62
20351192-9	2010	Using the same technique, 50% inhibition of the binding of C1 inhibitor and C1s to heparin was achieved using heparin oligomers containing eight and six saccharide units, respectively.	Carbohydrates	153-163	complement C1s	Homo sapiens	76-79
20187772-9	2010	Muscle mRNA expression for IL-8 (6.4-fold), MCP-1 (4.7-fold), and IL-6 (7.3-fold) increased substantially after carbohydrate ingestion.	Carbohydrates	112-124	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	27-31
20187772-9	2010	Muscle mRNA expression for IL-8 (6.4-fold), MCP-1 (4.7-fold), and IL-6 (7.3-fold) increased substantially after carbohydrate ingestion.	Carbohydrates	112-124	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	66-70
19628370-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: High glycemic index (GI) or glycemic load (GL) carbohydrates might be expected to decrease the risk of Parkinson"s disease (PD) by an insulin-induced increase in brain dopamine.	Carbohydrates	58-71	insulin	Homo sapiens	145-152
20734864-3	2010	Specifically, it accelerated reduction of the wound surface area and optimized regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in the lipid peroxidation system by insulin and cotisol.	Carbohydrates	93-105	insulin	Homo sapiens	153-160
19708907-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to define parameters that influence the initial insulin dosage in young subjects with type 1 diabetes regarding the amount of daily insulin, the ratios of basal and prandial insulin, and the insulin/carbohydrate ratios.	Carbohydrates	235-247	insulin	Homo sapiens	84-91
19883767-4	2010	In this work, LL37 has been cloned to the N- and C-termini of a family III carbohydrate-binding module fused to the linker sequence (LK-CBM3) from Clostridium thermocellum; both constructions (LL37-LK-CBM3 and LK-CBM3-LL37) were cloned into the pET-21a vector.	Carbohydrates	75-87	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	14-18
20413039-2	2010	BACKGROUND: Recent experimental studies reveal that, among animals with sustained pressure overload, those with insulin resistance induced by a high-carbohydrate/high-fat diet have more severe LV hypertrophy and dysfunction compared to animals fed with standard diet.	Carbohydrates	149-161	insulin	Homo sapiens	112-119
20176631-2	2010	We hypothesized that a low-dose dexamethasone (Dex; anti-inflammatory agent) infusion during endotoxaemia would prevent the LPS-induced impairment of Akt/FOXO1 signalling, and therefore prevent the muscle atrophy and impairment of carbohydrate oxidation.	Carbohydrates	231-243	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	150-153
20412588-11	2010	Factors independently associated (all P &lt; 0.003) with confirmed fibrosis were age, male gender, waist circumference, HCV antibody and alcohol consumption estimated using carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, enabling efficient screening-oriented strategies to be compared and proposed.	Carbohydrates	173-185	transferrin	Homo sapiens	196-207
19593593-3	2010	The aim of this study was to compare the effect of dietary protein type on glycogen levels in the post-exercise phase, and to investigate the effects of post-exercise carbohydrate and protein supplementation on phosphorylated enzymes of Akt/PKB and atypical PKCs.	Carbohydrates	167-179	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	237-244
20176631-1	2010	We recently provided evidence suggesting a role for cytokine-mediated inhibition of Akt/Forkhead box O 1 (FOXO1) signalling in the induction of muscle atrophy and impairment of muscle carbohydrate oxidation during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxaemia in rats.	Carbohydrates	184-196	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	84-87
20374952-4	2010	(2010) show that the metabolite is involved in the antilipolytic effect of insulin, providing a new link between fat and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	121-133	insulin	Homo sapiens	75-82
19593593-10	2010	Post-exercise supplementation with carbohydrate and WPH increases skeletal muscle glycogen recovery by activating key enzymes such as Akt/PKB and atypical PKCs.	Carbohydrates	35-47	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	134-141
20152818-3	2010	DC-SIGNR is polymorphic in Exons 4 and 5 that encode the neck region and carbohydrate recognition domain, respectively; the former contains a variable number of tandem repeats, and the latter the SNP (rs2277998).	Carbohydrates	73-85	C-type lectin domain family 4 member M	Homo sapiens	0-8
20447075-9	2010	Research on wild-type and mutant recombinant molecules in vivo and in vitro showed that SP-D binds carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids with a broad spectrum specificity and initiates phagocytosis of inhaled pathogens as well as apoptotic cells.	Carbohydrates	99-112	surfactant associated protein D	Mus musculus	88-92
20101628-6	2010	Increasing evidence suggests that carbohydrate structures (glycans), for example, phosphorylcholine-modified glycans or Galbeta1-4(Fucalpha1-3)GlcNAc- (Lewis X, Le(X)) containing glycans, expressed by the worms contribute to these modulating properties by their interaction with antigen presenting cells.	Carbohydrates	34-46	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	161-166
20200560-2	2010	Galectin-9 is a tandem-repeat type galectin with two carbohydrate recognition domains and has recently been shown to have an anti-proliferative effect on cancer cells.	Carbohydrates	53-65	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	0-10
20138775-9	2010	We hypothesize that CAT3 activity increases to remove the H2O2 produced by alternative catabolic processes induced during the carbohydrate shortages caused by extended periods of low-light conditions.	Carbohydrates	126-138	catalase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	20-24
20073671-2	2010	METHODS: In our work, we have determined the value of the ratio of the asialo form of transferrin to the total transferrin in the CSF using the commercially used Variant(TM) Bio-Rad system for the determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in serum.	Carbohydrates	214-226	transferrin	Homo sapiens	86-97
20094973-2	2010	In normal weight subjects it is well known that stimulation of plasma insulin levels by a carbohydrate meal can inhibit lipolysis and subsequent fat oxidation.	Carbohydrates	90-102	insulin	Homo sapiens	70-77
19826106-1	2010	We have developed and validated quantitative ELISAs for human angiopoietin-like (ANGPTL)3 and 4 and correlated their serum levels with parameters of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	159-171	angiopoietin like 3	Homo sapiens	62-89
19674355-10	2010	Weight reduction with a low-carbohydrate diet seems to be associated with significant improvement in LV diastolic function and a decrease in diastolic filling, as well as causing reversal in insulin resistance seen in obese children.	Carbohydrates	28-40	insulin	Homo sapiens	191-198
20369023-7	2010	Compared with controls, IRS knockdowns bias their foraging effort toward protein (pollen) rather than toward carbohydrate (nectar) sources.	Carbohydrates	109-121	insulin receptor substrate 1-B	Apis mellifera	24-27
20369023-9	2010	These results reveal a new affector pathway of honey bee social foraging, and suggest that IRS expressed in peripheral tissue can modulate an insect"s foraging choice between protein and carbohydrate sources.	Carbohydrates	187-199	insulin receptor substrate 1-B	Apis mellifera	91-94
19896471-1	2010	UDP-glucose (UDPG), a glycosyl donor in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates, is an endogenous agonist of the G protein-coupled P2Y(14) receptor.	Carbohydrates	60-73	UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2	Homo sapiens	0-11
19896471-1	2010	UDP-glucose (UDPG), a glycosyl donor in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates, is an endogenous agonist of the G protein-coupled P2Y(14) receptor.	Carbohydrates	60-73	UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2	Homo sapiens	13-17
19917520-4	2010	MATERIAL AND METHODS: Concentrations of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (%CDT), gamma glutamyl transferase (gammaGT), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV), together with a combined index of the %CDT and gammaGT, the Antilla Index (AI), were studied in 104 homeless patients with (n = 87) or without (n = 24) problem drinking according to the Fast Alcohol Screening Test.	Carbohydrates	40-52	transferrin	Homo sapiens	63-74
20089734-6	2010	However, replacement with a higher carbohydrate intake, particularly refined carbohydrate, can exacerbate the atherogenic dyslipidemia associated with insulin resistance and obesity that includes increased triglycerides, small LDL particles, and reduced HDL cholesterol.	Carbohydrates	35-47	insulin	Homo sapiens	151-158
20089734-6	2010	However, replacement with a higher carbohydrate intake, particularly refined carbohydrate, can exacerbate the atherogenic dyslipidemia associated with insulin resistance and obesity that includes increased triglycerides, small LDL particles, and reduced HDL cholesterol.	Carbohydrates	77-89	insulin	Homo sapiens	151-158
20388132-4	2010	We review results demonstrating how the balance between different classes of carbohydrates and proteins modulates the obesigenic action of saturated as well as unsaturated fatty acids pointing to insulin as a key determinant in the regulation of the metabolic/regulatory action of both n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids.	Carbohydrates	77-90	insulin	Homo sapiens	196-203
19399583-0	2010	Preoperative oral supplementation with carbohydrate and branched-chain amino acid-enriched nutrient improves insulin resistance in patients undergoing a hepatectomy: a randomized clinical trial using an artificial pancreas.	Carbohydrates	39-51	insulin	Homo sapiens	109-116
19399583-3	2010	A randomized trial was conducted to elucidate the effect of preoperative supplementation with carbohydrates and branched-chain amino acids on postoperative insulin resistance in patients undergoing hepatic resection.	Carbohydrates	94-107	insulin	Homo sapiens	156-163
19399583-9	2010	The preoperative oral administration of carbohydrate and branched-chain amino acid-enriched nutrient is of clinical benefit and reduces postoperative insulin resistance in patients undergoing hepatic resection.	Carbohydrates	40-52	insulin	Homo sapiens	150-157
20140949-0	2010	Randomized clinical trial to compare the effects of preoperative oral carbohydrate versus placebo on insulin resistance after colorectal surgery (Br J Surg 2010; 97: 317-327).	Carbohydrates	70-82	insulin	Homo sapiens	101-108
19889241-5	2010	After the second carbohydrate load, insulin AUC for CC was 49 % and 57 % greater (P &lt; 0.01) than for DC and W, respectively.	Carbohydrates	17-29	insulin	Homo sapiens	36-43
20101593-0	2010	Randomized clinical trial to compare the effects of preoperative oral carbohydrate versus placebo on insulin resistance after colorectal surgery.	Carbohydrates	70-82	insulin	Homo sapiens	101-108
20131103-8	2010	We have shown that the carbohydrate content in modified EPO molecules is increased.	Carbohydrates	23-35	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	56-59
20007940-1	2010	OBJECTIVE The American Diabetes Association advocates insulin regimens for youth with type 1 diabetes that involve adjusting insulin dose based on carbohydrate intake and blood glucose level.	Carbohydrates	147-159	insulin	Homo sapiens	54-61
20007940-1	2010	OBJECTIVE The American Diabetes Association advocates insulin regimens for youth with type 1 diabetes that involve adjusting insulin dose based on carbohydrate intake and blood glucose level.	Carbohydrates	147-159	insulin	Homo sapiens	125-132
20165970-6	2010	Many proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycolipids contain sulfated carbohydrates, which are sulfatase substrates.	Carbohydrates	68-81	arylsulfatase family member H	Homo sapiens	93-102
20307382-6	2010	Insulin returned to normal fasting levels (&lt;15 microIU/ml) in significantly more subjects (90%) after meal 2 and significantly fewer subjects (31%) after meal 4 (highest carbohydrate content) than the other meals.	Carbohydrates	173-185	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
20044472-12	2010	Carbohydrate deficit after exercise, but not energy deficit, contributed to the insulin-sensitizing effects of acute aerobic exercise, whereas maintaining an energy deficit after exercise augmented lipid mobilization.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	80-87
19800274-0	2010	Biological effects of growth hormone on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	40-52	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	22-36
20923472-9	2010	Public health advisories regarding snacks that minimize increases in insulin are desirable for individuals trying to reduce or maintain their weight, because elevated insulin stimulates carbohydrate conversion to fat and suppresses the mobilization of stored triglycerides for energy generation.	Carbohydrates	186-198	insulin	Homo sapiens	69-76
20923472-9	2010	Public health advisories regarding snacks that minimize increases in insulin are desirable for individuals trying to reduce or maintain their weight, because elevated insulin stimulates carbohydrate conversion to fat and suppresses the mobilization of stored triglycerides for energy generation.	Carbohydrates	186-198	insulin	Homo sapiens	167-174
19783893-10	2010	A significant inverse correlation of 60-min GLP-1 iAUC was also observed with EAC and CAC (both p&lt;0.01), meaning that patients with a lower GLP-1 response to the test meal had a higher increment of post-prandial glucose for each additional unit of total energy or carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	267-279	glucagon	Homo sapiens	44-49
19783893-10	2010	A significant inverse correlation of 60-min GLP-1 iAUC was also observed with EAC and CAC (both p&lt;0.01), meaning that patients with a lower GLP-1 response to the test meal had a higher increment of post-prandial glucose for each additional unit of total energy or carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	267-279	glucagon	Homo sapiens	143-148
20181134-2	2010	Fasting hematological and biochemical values for selected markers of cardiometabolic risk factors were related to intakes of carbohydrates and sugars.After adjusting for gender, pubertal stage and waist circumference, multivariate regression analysis showed that higher intakes of carbohydrate (with fat and protein held constant) were associated with higher plasma concentrations of triglycerides (TG), VLDL-C, IDL-C, and worse insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, HOMA-IR).	Carbohydrates	125-138	insulin	Homo sapiens	429-436
20181134-2	2010	Fasting hematological and biochemical values for selected markers of cardiometabolic risk factors were related to intakes of carbohydrates and sugars.After adjusting for gender, pubertal stage and waist circumference, multivariate regression analysis showed that higher intakes of carbohydrate (with fat and protein held constant) were associated with higher plasma concentrations of triglycerides (TG), VLDL-C, IDL-C, and worse insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, HOMA-IR).	Carbohydrates	125-138	insulin	Homo sapiens	481-488
20032493-1	2010	BACKGROUND: Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) rs7903146 associates with type 2 diabetes and may operate via impaired glucagon-like peptide 1 secretion, which is stimulated more by fat than by carbohydrate ingestion.	Carbohydrates	197-209	glucagon	Homo sapiens	122-145
19573959-7	2010	Highest intake terciles of animal protein, refined carbohydrates, saturated fat, n-6 fatty acids and alcohol were associated with higher NF-kappaB, apoptosis and histological aggressiveness (p&lt;0.01); the opposite tissue characteristics were associated with highest intake terciles of n-3 fatty acids, fibre, vitamin E, flavonoids, isoflavones, beta-carotene and selenium (p&lt;0.002).	Carbohydrates	51-64	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	137-146
19747867-6	2010	Respiratory quotient was lower in GHR -/- mice during the light phase, which indicated a greater utilization of lipid relative to carbohydrate in these mice.	Carbohydrates	130-142	growth hormone receptor	Mus musculus	34-37
20172206-6	2010	In addition, lectin staining provided a preliminary characterization of carbohydrate structures occurring on MFGM proteins from goat milk depending on alpha(S1)-casein genotype and lactation stage.	Carbohydrates	72-84	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	133-137
19695831-10	2010	The decrease in substrate oxidation rate of carbohydrate and the increase in substrate oxidation rate of fat significantly correlated with serum TNF-alpha, sTNF-R55, and sTNF-R75 concentrations.	Carbohydrates	44-56	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	145-154
20032467-0	2010	Carbohydrate recognition properties of human ficolins: glycan array screening reveals the sialic acid binding specificity of M-ficolin.	Carbohydrates	0-12	ficolin 1	Homo sapiens	125-134
19932158-1	2010	Recombinant human erythropoietin produced by mammalian cells contains about 40% carbohydrates which maintain its stability and long residence in body.	Carbohydrates	80-93	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	18-32
20181134-2	2010	Fasting hematological and biochemical values for selected markers of cardiometabolic risk factors were related to intakes of carbohydrates and sugars.After adjusting for gender, pubertal stage and waist circumference, multivariate regression analysis showed that higher intakes of carbohydrate (with fat and protein held constant) were associated with higher plasma concentrations of triglycerides (TG), VLDL-C, IDL-C, and worse insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, HOMA-IR).	Carbohydrates	125-137	insulin	Homo sapiens	429-436
20181134-2	2010	Fasting hematological and biochemical values for selected markers of cardiometabolic risk factors were related to intakes of carbohydrates and sugars.After adjusting for gender, pubertal stage and waist circumference, multivariate regression analysis showed that higher intakes of carbohydrate (with fat and protein held constant) were associated with higher plasma concentrations of triglycerides (TG), VLDL-C, IDL-C, and worse insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, HOMA-IR).	Carbohydrates	125-137	insulin	Homo sapiens	481-488
20122158-8	2010	Additionally, GC-MS- and UPLC-based metabolite profiling revealed major changes in roots of pop2-1 mutant upon NaCl stress including accumulation of amino acids and decrease in carbohydrates content.	Carbohydrates	177-190	Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent transferases superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	92-96
19800274-1	2010	This review will summarize the metabolic effects of growth hormone (GH) on the adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle with focus on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	146-158	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	52-66
19800274-4	2010	The effects of GH on carbohydrate metabolism are more complicated and may be mediated indirectly via the antagonism of insulin action.	Carbohydrates	21-33	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	15-17
19800274-4	2010	The effects of GH on carbohydrate metabolism are more complicated and may be mediated indirectly via the antagonism of insulin action.	Carbohydrates	21-33	insulin	Homo sapiens	119-126
20158092-1	2010	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) is a ligand-activated transcription factor regulating gene expression involved in the fatty acids, lipoprotein and carbohydrate metabolism and inflammation.	Carbohydrates	176-188	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-48
19837920-1	2010	CONTEXT: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is produced by specialized cells in the gut and secreted in response to carbohydrates and lipids.	Carbohydrates	113-126	glucagon	Homo sapiens	9-32
19837920-1	2010	CONTEXT: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is produced by specialized cells in the gut and secreted in response to carbohydrates and lipids.	Carbohydrates	113-126	glucagon	Homo sapiens	34-39
20033694-2	2010	Significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for carbohydrate (Mnic1) and total energy intake (Kcal2) are present between these strains on chromosome (Chr) 17.	Carbohydrates	47-59	macronutrient intake, carbohydrate 1	Mus musculus	61-66
19755471-4	2010	Sialic acid is a negatively charged carbohydrate extensively present on both alpha-DG and podocalyxin, which is also expressed on podocytes.	Carbohydrates	36-48	podocalyxin like	Homo sapiens	90-101
20158092-1	2010	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) is a ligand-activated transcription factor regulating gene expression involved in the fatty acids, lipoprotein and carbohydrate metabolism and inflammation.	Carbohydrates	176-188	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	50-59
20158101-3	2010	Recently, PPARgamma activity has been shown to influence the gene expression involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	89-101	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	10-19
20098742-6	2010	The low and moderate carbohydrate diets decreased hepatic 11beta-HSD1 mRNA compared with the Western diet (both 0.7+/-0.0 vs 0.9+/-0.1 AU; p&lt;0.01), but did not alter 11beta-HSD1 in adipose tissue.	Carbohydrates	21-33	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	58-69
19500445-10	2010	Using both assays, we found that mild periodate treatment (6 h to 24 h in sodium acetate buffer with 0.2 M sodium periodate at 4 degrees C in the dark) of hyalin eliminates its ability to block the cellular interaction, suggesting that the carbohydrate component(s) may be involved in hyalin"s specific adhesive function.	Carbohydrates	240-252	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: hyalin	Strongylocentrotus purpuratus	155-161
20098742-6	2010	The low and moderate carbohydrate diets decreased hepatic 11beta-HSD1 mRNA compared with the Western diet (both 0.7+/-0.0 vs 0.9+/-0.1 AU; p&lt;0.01), but did not alter 11beta-HSD1 in adipose tissue.	Carbohydrates	21-33	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	169-180
20025850-1	2010	Carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) is responsible for conversion of dietary carbohydrate to storage fat in liver by coordinating expression of the enzymes that channel glycolytic pyruvate into lipogenesis.	Carbohydrates	96-108	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	0-45
19958024-0	2010	Why structurally different cyclic peptides can be glycomimetics of the HNK-1 carbohydrate antigen.	Carbohydrates	77-89	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	71-76
19896672-2	2010	We have developed preparative HIC conditions that resolve glycoform variants on the basis of overall carbohydrate content for a recombinant transferrin-exendin-4 fusion protein.	Carbohydrates	101-113	transferrin	Homo sapiens	140-151
20005726-0	2010	Development of carbohydrate-derived inhibitors of acid sphingomyelinase.	Carbohydrates	15-27	sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1	Homo sapiens	50-71
19958024-6	2010	Interactions of the HNK-1 trisaccharide, c-(LSETTl), and c-(RTLPFS) with a laminin fragment involved in HNK-1 carbohydrate binding (i.e., the 21mer peptide: KGVSSRSYVGCIKNLEISRST) were also analyzed.	Carbohydrates	110-122	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	20-25
19958024-6	2010	Interactions of the HNK-1 trisaccharide, c-(LSETTl), and c-(RTLPFS) with a laminin fragment involved in HNK-1 carbohydrate binding (i.e., the 21mer peptide: KGVSSRSYVGCIKNLEISRST) were also analyzed.	Carbohydrates	110-122	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	104-109
19914303-7	2010	RESULTS: Blood glucose, serum insulin and plasma CCK increased in response to the carbohydrate meal on both study days, and cefaclor had no effect on these responses.	Carbohydrates	82-94	insulin	Homo sapiens	30-37
20025850-1	2010	Carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) is responsible for conversion of dietary carbohydrate to storage fat in liver by coordinating expression of the enzymes that channel glycolytic pyruvate into lipogenesis.	Carbohydrates	96-108	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	47-53
19914303-7	2010	RESULTS: Blood glucose, serum insulin and plasma CCK increased in response to the carbohydrate meal on both study days, and cefaclor had no effect on these responses.	Carbohydrates	82-94	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	49-52
21452465-1	2010	Insulin resistance is the key to the metabolic syndrome, particularly the relative failure of insulin to exert its multiple biological effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	146-158	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
21452465-1	2010	Insulin resistance is the key to the metabolic syndrome, particularly the relative failure of insulin to exert its multiple biological effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	146-158	insulin	Homo sapiens	94-101
20139607-6	2010	Carbohydrate modification was determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis after digestion with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H. Reflecting the secondary structure, the circular dichroism spectrum of the recombinant protein was indistinguishable from that of serum transferrin.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	339-350
19889821-11	2010	CONCLUSION: In healthy subjects, factors related to colonic fermentation of nondigestible carbohydrates increase peripheral insulin sensitivity and moderate glucose-associated inflammation.	Carbohydrates	90-103	insulin	Homo sapiens	124-131
19822999-12	2010	Further, the serum levels of the TNF-alpha and supernatant IL-1 beta concentrations in mice fed a high-carbohydrate diet were significantly increased after the mice were shifted to a high-fat diet.	Carbohydrates	103-115	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	33-42
19833882-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: Carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) is a transcription factor that has been shown to regulate carbohydrate metabolism in the liver and pancreatic beta-cells in response to elevated glucose concentrations.	Carbohydrates	126-138	MLX interacting protein-like	Mus musculus	11-58
19833882-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: Carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) is a transcription factor that has been shown to regulate carbohydrate metabolism in the liver and pancreatic beta-cells in response to elevated glucose concentrations.	Carbohydrates	126-138	MLX interacting protein-like	Mus musculus	60-66
20517721-4	2010	Furthermore, tissue-specific mutagenesis has revealed the extent to which individual insulin-target organs and signalling molecules contribute to whole-body carbohydrate and lipid homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	157-169	insulin	Homo sapiens	85-92
19822999-12	2010	Further, the serum levels of the TNF-alpha and supernatant IL-1 beta concentrations in mice fed a high-carbohydrate diet were significantly increased after the mice were shifted to a high-fat diet.	Carbohydrates	103-115	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	59-68
20798765-7	2010	Carbohydrate appears to be the most effective macronutrient for ghrelin suppression, because of its rapid absorption and insulin-secreting effect.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	121-128
21033079-1	2010	Currently, along with cardiovascular disease, changes in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in the syndrome of insulin resistance seen pathology of the liver.	Carbohydrates	67-79	insulin	Homo sapiens	110-117
19756025-10	2010	Further studies are required to determine whether reducing the glycaemic intake, either by consuming lower GI foods or through smaller serves of carbohydrate, can contribute to a reduction in development of insulin resistance and long-term risk of type II diabetes.	Carbohydrates	145-157	insulin	Homo sapiens	207-214
20088670-10	2010	CONCLUSIONS: These studies indicate that weight loss interventions involving moderate changes in dietary carbohydrate and increases in physical activity favorably affect insulin sensitivity and decrease inflammation.	Carbohydrates	105-117	insulin	Homo sapiens	170-177
20035494-5	2010	After administration of the first and third bolus, serum insulin concentration was increased by 15 min (P &lt; 0.05) in the creatine + carbohydrate and creatine + protein, amino acids, and carbohydrate trials compared with creatine alone, and plasma creatine increased more following creatine alone (15 min, P &lt; 0.05) than in the creatine + carbohydrate and creatine + protein, amino acids, and carbohydrate trials.	Carbohydrates	135-147	insulin	Homo sapiens	57-64
20035494-5	2010	After administration of the first and third bolus, serum insulin concentration was increased by 15 min (P &lt; 0.05) in the creatine + carbohydrate and creatine + protein, amino acids, and carbohydrate trials compared with creatine alone, and plasma creatine increased more following creatine alone (15 min, P &lt; 0.05) than in the creatine + carbohydrate and creatine + protein, amino acids, and carbohydrate trials.	Carbohydrates	189-201	insulin	Homo sapiens	57-64
20035494-5	2010	After administration of the first and third bolus, serum insulin concentration was increased by 15 min (P &lt; 0.05) in the creatine + carbohydrate and creatine + protein, amino acids, and carbohydrate trials compared with creatine alone, and plasma creatine increased more following creatine alone (15 min, P &lt; 0.05) than in the creatine + carbohydrate and creatine + protein, amino acids, and carbohydrate trials.	Carbohydrates	189-201	insulin	Homo sapiens	57-64
20035494-5	2010	After administration of the first and third bolus, serum insulin concentration was increased by 15 min (P &lt; 0.05) in the creatine + carbohydrate and creatine + protein, amino acids, and carbohydrate trials compared with creatine alone, and plasma creatine increased more following creatine alone (15 min, P &lt; 0.05) than in the creatine + carbohydrate and creatine + protein, amino acids, and carbohydrate trials.	Carbohydrates	189-201	insulin	Homo sapiens	57-64
20035494-7	2010	Administration of creatine + protein, amino acids, and carbohydrate can stimulate insulin release and augment whole-body creatine retention to the same extent as when larger quantities of simple sugars are ingested.	Carbohydrates	55-67	insulin	Homo sapiens	82-89
20021624-3	2010	The objective of this study was to examine the acute response of lipids and insulin to a low-fat/high-carbohydrate meal with either a high-glycemic or a low-glycemic index in healthy postmenopausal women.	Carbohydrates	102-114	insulin	Homo sapiens	76-83
20816211-6	2010	In this chapter, we describe the FAC methods used to analyze the carbohydrate-recognition specificity of OS-9 and methods to examine the interaction and the effect on ERAD of these proteins in vivo.	Carbohydrates	65-77	OS9 endoplasmic reticulum lectin	Homo sapiens	105-109
21447273-2	2010	Calculation of prandial insulin dose is a complex process employing many variant factors such as pre-prandial glucose and carbohydrate (CHO) levels, glucose index, insulin to CHO ratio (ICR) and active insulin.	Carbohydrates	122-134	insulin	Homo sapiens	24-31
19879650-3	2010	The C-terminal carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of DC-SIGN is preceded by a neck domain composed of eight 23-residue repeats which mediate molecule multimerization, and whose polymorphism correlates with altered susceptibility to SARS and HIV infection.	Carbohydrates	15-27	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	56-63
20936117-0	2010	Role of PPARalpha in Hepatic Carbohydrate Metabolism.	Carbohydrates	29-41	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	8-17
20936117-4	2010	We here review recent evidence that PPARalpha contributes to the adaptation of hepatic carbohydrate metabolism during the fed-to-fasted or fasted-to-fed transition in rodents.	Carbohydrates	87-99	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	36-45
20027290-3	2009	METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In this study, using promoter reporter, electrophoresis mobility shift (EMSA), and chromatin immuno-precipitation (ChIP) assays, we have identified an additional carbohydrate response element (ChoRE) on the promoter of Txnip gene, which functions cooperatively with the earlier identified ChoRE to mediate optimal Txnip expression.	Carbohydrates	194-206	thioredoxin interacting protein	Homo sapiens	251-256
20564922-5	2010	RESULTS: Long-term insulin therapy in combination with OSRD caused a significant improvement in carbohydrate metabolism (reductions in HbA1c by 21.6-23.2%, FG and PPG by 33.4-35.7%), positive lipid metabolic changes, a decrease in MAU by 0.12 +/- 0.03 to 0.03 +/- 0.01 g/l, with a fall of its detection rate from 73 to 27%; a considerable decline in IR from the HOMA and CARO indices (by 30-32%), as well as a significant reduction in the risk for CHD and 10-year cardiovascular death risk from the SCORE index (from 4 to 1.5-1.6%; p &lt; 0.01).	Carbohydrates	96-108	insulin	Homo sapiens	19-26
23015921-7	2010	Insulin-dependent diabetics should supplement carbohydrate before and after exercise, as well as during exercise for events lasting longer than 1 hour.	Carbohydrates	46-58	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
21094898-7	2010	Its secretion is elicited by intraluminal nutrients, especially carbohydrate and fat, through the action of SGLT1, GPR40, GPR120, and GPR119.	Carbohydrates	64-76	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Homo sapiens	108-113
21094901-3	2010	The main stimulus for incretin hormone secretion is presence of nutrients in the intestinal lumen, and carbohydrate, fat as well as protein all have the capacity to stimulate GIP and GLP-1 secretion.	Carbohydrates	103-115	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	22-38
21094901-3	2010	The main stimulus for incretin hormone secretion is presence of nutrients in the intestinal lumen, and carbohydrate, fat as well as protein all have the capacity to stimulate GIP and GLP-1 secretion.	Carbohydrates	103-115	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	175-178
21094901-3	2010	The main stimulus for incretin hormone secretion is presence of nutrients in the intestinal lumen, and carbohydrate, fat as well as protein all have the capacity to stimulate GIP and GLP-1 secretion.	Carbohydrates	103-115	glucagon	Homo sapiens	183-188
20027290-3	2009	METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In this study, using promoter reporter, electrophoresis mobility shift (EMSA), and chromatin immuno-precipitation (ChIP) assays, we have identified an additional carbohydrate response element (ChoRE) on the promoter of Txnip gene, which functions cooperatively with the earlier identified ChoRE to mediate optimal Txnip expression.	Carbohydrates	194-206	thioredoxin interacting protein	Homo sapiens	346-351
19835887-1	2009	Carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) in the glycan-binding receptors DC-SIGN (dendritic-cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 1-grabbing nonintegrin; CD209) and DC-SIGNR (DC-SIGN-related receptor, also known as L-SIGN and variously designated CD209L and CD299) are projected from the membrane surface by extended neck domains containing multiple repeats of a largely conserved 23-amino-acid sequence motif.	Carbohydrates	0-12	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	72-79
19835887-1	2009	Carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) in the glycan-binding receptors DC-SIGN (dendritic-cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 1-grabbing nonintegrin; CD209) and DC-SIGNR (DC-SIGN-related receptor, also known as L-SIGN and variously designated CD209L and CD299) are projected from the membrane surface by extended neck domains containing multiple repeats of a largely conserved 23-amino-acid sequence motif.	Carbohydrates	0-12	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	81-159
19835887-1	2009	Carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) in the glycan-binding receptors DC-SIGN (dendritic-cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 1-grabbing nonintegrin; CD209) and DC-SIGNR (DC-SIGN-related receptor, also known as L-SIGN and variously designated CD209L and CD299) are projected from the membrane surface by extended neck domains containing multiple repeats of a largely conserved 23-amino-acid sequence motif.	Carbohydrates	0-12	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	161-166
19835887-1	2009	Carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) in the glycan-binding receptors DC-SIGN (dendritic-cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 1-grabbing nonintegrin; CD209) and DC-SIGNR (DC-SIGN-related receptor, also known as L-SIGN and variously designated CD209L and CD299) are projected from the membrane surface by extended neck domains containing multiple repeats of a largely conserved 23-amino-acid sequence motif.	Carbohydrates	0-12	C-type lectin domain family 4 member M	Homo sapiens	172-180
19835887-1	2009	Carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) in the glycan-binding receptors DC-SIGN (dendritic-cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 1-grabbing nonintegrin; CD209) and DC-SIGNR (DC-SIGN-related receptor, also known as L-SIGN and variously designated CD209L and CD299) are projected from the membrane surface by extended neck domains containing multiple repeats of a largely conserved 23-amino-acid sequence motif.	Carbohydrates	0-12	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	172-179
19835887-1	2009	Carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) in the glycan-binding receptors DC-SIGN (dendritic-cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 1-grabbing nonintegrin; CD209) and DC-SIGNR (DC-SIGN-related receptor, also known as L-SIGN and variously designated CD209L and CD299) are projected from the membrane surface by extended neck domains containing multiple repeats of a largely conserved 23-amino-acid sequence motif.	Carbohydrates	0-12	C-type lectin domain family 4 member M	Homo sapiens	222-228
19835887-1	2009	Carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) in the glycan-binding receptors DC-SIGN (dendritic-cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 1-grabbing nonintegrin; CD209) and DC-SIGNR (DC-SIGN-related receptor, also known as L-SIGN and variously designated CD209L and CD299) are projected from the membrane surface by extended neck domains containing multiple repeats of a largely conserved 23-amino-acid sequence motif.	Carbohydrates	0-12	C-type lectin domain family 4 member M	Homo sapiens	254-260
19835887-1	2009	Carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) in the glycan-binding receptors DC-SIGN (dendritic-cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 1-grabbing nonintegrin; CD209) and DC-SIGNR (DC-SIGN-related receptor, also known as L-SIGN and variously designated CD209L and CD299) are projected from the membrane surface by extended neck domains containing multiple repeats of a largely conserved 23-amino-acid sequence motif.	Carbohydrates	0-12	C-type lectin domain family 4 member M	Homo sapiens	265-270
20152734-6	2009	In humans, the rapid improvement in carbohydrate homoeostasis observed after bypass surgery is secondary to an increase in insulin sensitivity rather than an increase in insulin secretion, which occurs later.	Carbohydrates	36-48	insulin	Homo sapiens	123-130
20108579-0	2009	Modulating postoperative insulin resistance by preoperative carbohydrate loading.	Carbohydrates	60-72	insulin	Homo sapiens	25-32
20001683-1	2009	BACKGROUND: Patients with type 1 diabetes usually use the carbohydrate (CHO) counting method to establish their bolus insulin need.	Carbohydrates	58-70	insulin	Homo sapiens	118-125
20001683-12	2009	CONCLUSIONS: The newly derived equation provides a better approximation than the CHO counting method of insulin secretion due to metabolized blood glucose energy from ingested carbohydrates for those without diabetes.	Carbohydrates	176-189	insulin	Homo sapiens	104-111
20029520-1	2009	This aims of this study were to investigate the effects of carbohydrate availability during endurance training on the plasma interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha response to a subsequent acute bout of high-intensity interval exercise.	Carbohydrates	59-71	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	125-143
20029520-1	2009	This aims of this study were to investigate the effects of carbohydrate availability during endurance training on the plasma interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha response to a subsequent acute bout of high-intensity interval exercise.	Carbohydrates	59-71	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	155-188
19741188-5	2009	RESULTS: In addition to a significant decrease in postprandial plasma glucose, insulin responses, and glycemic variability, the high-carbohydrate/high-fiber diet also significantly improved the primary end point, since it reduced the postprandial incremental areas under the curve (IAUCs) of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, in particular, chylomicrons (cholesterol IAUC: 0.05 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.08 +/- 0.02 mmol/l per 6 h; triglycerides IAUC: 0.71 +/- 0.35 vs. 1.03 +/- 0.58 mmol/l per 6 h, P &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	133-145	insulin	Homo sapiens	79-86
20516263-1	2009	BACKGROUND: Dietary glycemic load (GL) and glycemic index (GI), indicators of the postprandial glucose and insulin response to carbohydrate composition of diet, have been suggested as independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes.	Carbohydrates	127-139	insulin	Homo sapiens	107-114
19773738-9	2009	CONCLUSIONS: Chronically elevated GAL may regulate body weight, metabolic rate, and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism through a mechanism that is independent of feeding regulation.	Carbohydrates	94-106	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Mus musculus	34-37
19690063-4	2009	RESULTS: Flies with insertions at the Atf4 locus have reduced fat content, increased starvation sensitivity, and lower levels of circulating carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	141-153	activating transcription factor 4	Mus musculus	38-42
21927572-3	2009	We determine whether ghrelin and PYY are altered by a low-fat, high-carbohydrate (10% fat, 75% carbohydrate) or moderate-fat, moderate-carbohydrate (35% fat, 50% carbohydrate) diet and; whether these peptides are affected by intense endurance running (which is likely to temporarily suppress appetite).	Carbohydrates	68-80	peptide YY	Homo sapiens	33-36
19935486-0	2009	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin does not seem to be associated with ADHD and autism.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
19671200-6	2009	Ingestion of carbohydrates with a mixed meal resulted in a lower peak glucose and insulin response and a lower change in area under the curve (DeltaAUC) following isomaltulose when compared with sucrose.	Carbohydrates	13-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	82-89
19852888-3	2009	Studies showing that reduction of dietary carbohydrate leads to reduced postprandial serum glucose and insulin levels have spurred further research on CRDs in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	42-54	insulin	Homo sapiens	103-110
20923529-0	2009	Long-term effects of a carbohydrate-rich diet on fasting blood sugar, lipid profile, and serum insulin values in rural Bengalis.	Carbohydrates	23-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	95-102
20923529-9	2009	The results indicate that increased intake of carbohydrate causes significant increases in FBS (P &lt; 0.05) and serum insulin (P &lt; 0.05), as well as changes in the lipid profile, particularly triglycerides (P &lt; 0.05) and very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C; P &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	46-58	insulin	Homo sapiens	119-126
20923529-10	2009	CONCLUSIONS: The effects of increased carbohydrate on FBS, serum insulin, triglycerides and VLDL-C indicate that a proper nutritional policy needs to be implemented for this population of rural, low-income Bengalis.	Carbohydrates	38-50	insulin	Homo sapiens	65-72
20358345-8	2009	In conclusion, our results demonstrate the involvement of HSD1 in stress induced carbohydrate disturbances and could contribute to the impact of HSD1 inhibitors on carbohydrate metabolism and its relevance in the study of Metabolic Syndrome Disorder and non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.	Carbohydrates	81-93	hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 5	Rattus norvegicus	58-62
20358345-8	2009	In conclusion, our results demonstrate the involvement of HSD1 in stress induced carbohydrate disturbances and could contribute to the impact of HSD1 inhibitors on carbohydrate metabolism and its relevance in the study of Metabolic Syndrome Disorder and non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.	Carbohydrates	164-176	hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 5	Rattus norvegicus	58-62
20358345-8	2009	In conclusion, our results demonstrate the involvement of HSD1 in stress induced carbohydrate disturbances and could contribute to the impact of HSD1 inhibitors on carbohydrate metabolism and its relevance in the study of Metabolic Syndrome Disorder and non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.	Carbohydrates	164-176	hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 5	Rattus norvegicus	145-149
19963157-3	2009	We hypothesized that by suppressing endogenous insulin secretion, we could estimate the glucose absorption rate from an oral carbohydrate load and determine the effects of vinegar ingestion on this rate.	Carbohydrates	125-137	insulin	Homo sapiens	47-54
19833325-2	2009	Carbocyclic pyranose mimetics (saturated or unsaturated between C-5 and C-5a) are linked by ether, thioether or amine bridges to carbohydrates or other carbasugars.	Carbohydrates	129-142	complement C5a receptor 1	Homo sapiens	72-76
19787799-7	2009	The p.Trp67Ser mutation was located in the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), which is thought to participate in the selective binding of LMAN1 to the D-mannose of glycoproteins as well as the EF-motif of MCFD2.	Carbohydrates	43-55	multiple coagulation factor deficiency 2, ER cargo receptor complex subunit	Homo sapiens	209-214
19916939-6	2009	The fundamental possibility was demonstrated of using halogenated pyruvate derivatives as donors of the halogen-hydroxyethyl group in organic synthesis of halogenated carbohydrates involving transketolase.	Carbohydrates	167-180	transketolase	Homo sapiens	191-204
19690063-7	2009	Atf4 null mice are hypoglycemic, even before substantial changes in fat content, indicating that Atf4 regulates mammalian carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	122-134	activating transcription factor 4	Mus musculus	0-4
19690063-7	2009	Atf4 null mice are hypoglycemic, even before substantial changes in fat content, indicating that Atf4 regulates mammalian carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	122-134	activating transcription factor 4	Mus musculus	97-101
19820013-12	2009	CONCLUSIONS: The patterns of secretion of ghrelin and PYY in our study of prepubertal children suggest that they may play a role in the effectiveness of high-protein/low-carbohydrate diets in promoting weight loss.	Carbohydrates	170-182	peptide YY	Homo sapiens	54-57
19563454-8	2009	Children with the apoE3 or E4 but not with E2 phenotype show reduction in HDL cholesterol with increasing carbohydrate intake indicating that genetic and environmental factors interact with children"s lipoprotein metabolism.	Carbohydrates	106-118	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	18-23
19820013-3	2009	OBJECTIVE: We sought to understand how meals high in carbohydrate, protein, and fat affect serum concentrations of total ghrelin and total PYY, hypothesizing that these macronutrients would exert differential effects on their secretion.	Carbohydrates	53-65	peptide YY	Homo sapiens	139-142
19932865-0	2009	Higher habitual intake of dietary fat and carbohydrates are associated with lower leptin and higher ghrelin concentrations in overweight and obese postmenopausal women with elevated insulin levels.	Carbohydrates	42-55	insulin	Homo sapiens	182-189
19762243-1	2009	A series of novel aryl-substituted triazolyl D-galactosamine derivatives was synthesized as ligands for the carbohydrate recognition domain of the major subunit H1 (H1-CRD) of the human asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R).	Carbohydrates	108-120	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	186-213
19762243-1	2009	A series of novel aryl-substituted triazolyl D-galactosamine derivatives was synthesized as ligands for the carbohydrate recognition domain of the major subunit H1 (H1-CRD) of the human asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R).	Carbohydrates	108-120	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	215-221
31569845-7	2009	Administration of glargine insulin permits to rapidly and safely reach optimal parameters of carbohydrate metabolism in the majority of the patients.	Carbohydrates	93-105	insulin	Homo sapiens	27-34
19563454-5	2009	The inverse association between total carbohydrate intake and HDL cholesterol was evident in children with apoE3 (p &lt; 0.001) or apoE4 (p &lt; 0.001), but not in those with apoE2 (p = 0.78).	Carbohydrates	38-50	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	107-112
19563454-5	2009	The inverse association between total carbohydrate intake and HDL cholesterol was evident in children with apoE3 (p &lt; 0.001) or apoE4 (p &lt; 0.001), but not in those with apoE2 (p = 0.78).	Carbohydrates	38-50	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	131-136
19563454-5	2009	The inverse association between total carbohydrate intake and HDL cholesterol was evident in children with apoE3 (p &lt; 0.001) or apoE4 (p &lt; 0.001), but not in those with apoE2 (p = 0.78).	Carbohydrates	38-50	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	175-180
20017836-4	2009	Multiple studies demonstrate the anabolic effects of insulin that extend beyond simple carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	87-99	insulin	Homo sapiens	53-60
19825190-5	2009	Higher intakes of carbohydrate energy (fat and protein held constant) were associated with higher IDL-C, VLDL-C, triglycerides (TG) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).	Carbohydrates	18-30	insulin	Homo sapiens	168-175
19446932-2	2009	Measures to attenuate the development of insulin resistance, such as preoperative carbohydrate loading, lead to clinical benefits.	Carbohydrates	82-94	insulin	Homo sapiens	41-48
19446932-3	2009	However, the mechanisms that underlie the development of insulin resistance during starvation and its attenuation by preoperative carbohydrate loading remain to be defined.	Carbohydrates	130-142	insulin	Homo sapiens	57-64
19644669-2	2009	Different effects of these diets could be age-dependent, as well as mediated, in part, by carbohydrate-induced stimulation of glucose-dependent insulinotrophic polypeptide (GIP) signalling.	Carbohydrates	90-102	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Mus musculus	126-171
19589860-7	2009	In addition, similar reductions in in vitro bioactivity and betaglycan+ActRIIA/B binding between 31- and 34-kDa inhibins A and B are attributed to hindrance by the additional carbohydrate group at Asn(302) in the formation of a functional inhibin+betaglycan+ActRIIA/B complex.	Carbohydrates	175-187	transforming growth factor beta receptor 3	Rattus norvegicus	60-70
19644669-2	2009	Different effects of these diets could be age-dependent, as well as mediated, in part, by carbohydrate-induced stimulation of glucose-dependent insulinotrophic polypeptide (GIP) signalling.	Carbohydrates	90-102	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Mus musculus	173-176
19815111-5	2009	In contrast to the view that carbohydrate-directed IgE has minimal, if any, clinical significance, recent data suggest that IgE antibodies to carbohydrate epitopes can be an important factor in anaphylaxis that might otherwise appear to be idiopathic.	Carbohydrates	29-41	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	51-54
19815111-5	2009	In contrast to the view that carbohydrate-directed IgE has minimal, if any, clinical significance, recent data suggest that IgE antibodies to carbohydrate epitopes can be an important factor in anaphylaxis that might otherwise appear to be idiopathic.	Carbohydrates	142-154	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	124-127
19796383-2	2009	Carbohydrates in the form of dietary fibre have favourable effects on insulin and glucose metabolism and may help to control energy intake.	Carbohydrates	0-13	insulin	Homo sapiens	70-77
19718030-0	2009	Carbohydrate-specific signaling through the DC-SIGN signalosome tailors immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, HIV-1 and Helicobacter pylori.	Carbohydrates	0-12	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	44-51
19718030-2	2009	Here we show that carbohydrate-specific signaling through the C-type lectin DC-SIGN tailored cytokine production in response to distinct pathogens.	Carbohydrates	18-30	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	76-83
20443773-5	2009	IGF-I has effects on carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism and some of these actions could prove beneficial to competitive athletes.	Carbohydrates	21-33	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
19602728-7	2009	Using these gangliosides and mutated forms of HCR/T that lacked one or both carbohydrate-binding pocket, gangliosides binding to both of the W and R pockets were shown to be necessary for high affinity binding to neuronal and non-neuronal cells.	Carbohydrates	76-88	C-C motif chemokine receptor like 2	Homo sapiens	46-49
19602728-8	2009	The crystal structure of a ternary complex of HCR/T with sugar components of two gangliosides bound to the W and R supported the binding of gangliosides to both carbohydrate pockets.	Carbohydrates	161-173	C-C motif chemokine receptor like 2	Homo sapiens	46-49
19625693-0	2009	Carbohydrate refeeding after a high-fat diet rapidly reverses the adaptive increase in human skeletal muscle PDH kinase activity.	Carbohydrates	0-12	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	109-112
19625693-1	2009	Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) regulates oxidative carbohydrate disposal in skeletal muscle and is downregulated by reversible phosphorylation catalyzed by PDH kinase (PDK).	Carbohydrates	49-61	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	0-22
19625693-1	2009	Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) regulates oxidative carbohydrate disposal in skeletal muscle and is downregulated by reversible phosphorylation catalyzed by PDH kinase (PDK).	Carbohydrates	49-61	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	24-27
19625693-1	2009	Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) regulates oxidative carbohydrate disposal in skeletal muscle and is downregulated by reversible phosphorylation catalyzed by PDH kinase (PDK).	Carbohydrates	49-61	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	154-157
19625693-2	2009	Previous work has demonstrated increased PDK activity and PDK4 expression in human skeletal muscle following a high-fat low-carbohydrate (HF) diet, which leads to decreased PDH in the active form (PDHa activity) and carbohydrate oxidation.	Carbohydrates	124-136	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4	Homo sapiens	58-62
19625693-2	2009	Previous work has demonstrated increased PDK activity and PDK4 expression in human skeletal muscle following a high-fat low-carbohydrate (HF) diet, which leads to decreased PDH in the active form (PDHa activity) and carbohydrate oxidation.	Carbohydrates	124-136	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	173-176
19625693-2	2009	Previous work has demonstrated increased PDK activity and PDK4 expression in human skeletal muscle following a high-fat low-carbohydrate (HF) diet, which leads to decreased PDH in the active form (PDHa activity) and carbohydrate oxidation.	Carbohydrates	216-228	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4	Homo sapiens	58-62
19781106-0	2009	Early responses of insulin signaling to high-carbohydrate and high-fat overfeeding.	Carbohydrates	45-57	insulin	Homo sapiens	19-26
19501045-3	2009	However, the structure and functional role of the carbohydrate chains carried by gp130 are totally unknown.	Carbohydrates	50-62	interleukin 6 signal transducer	Mus musculus	81-86
19556420-10	2009	We propose that LXR has an important role in the regulation of substrate oxidation and the switch between lipids and carbohydrates as cellular fuel in both human and murine white adipocytes.	Carbohydrates	117-130	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3	Mus musculus	16-19
19609587-8	2009	Based on our findings, the ID ACE polymorphism could represent a gene modulator of carbohydrate intake in morbidly obese Czech population; the strong significant effect of DD genotype was observed in the phenotypes of extreme obesity with the highest carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	83-95	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	30-33
19609587-8	2009	Based on our findings, the ID ACE polymorphism could represent a gene modulator of carbohydrate intake in morbidly obese Czech population; the strong significant effect of DD genotype was observed in the phenotypes of extreme obesity with the highest carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	251-263	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	30-33
19960777-1	2009	OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to verify the ability of some chemical-clinical parameters, with particular emphasis on carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), in assessing chronic abuse of ethanol in a group of urban public transport workers.	Carbohydrates	126-138	transferrin	Homo sapiens	149-160
19325538-11	2009	In obese adolescents, specific intake of high-carbohydrate and high-fat breakfasts is associated with greater increases in ghrelin, lesser increases in PYY, and higher intake at a subsequent meal than in controls.	Carbohydrates	46-58	peptide YY	Homo sapiens	152-155
19606835-0	2009	Two secondary carbohydrate binding sites on the surface of barley alpha-amylase 1 have distinct functions and display synergy in hydrolysis of starch granules.	Carbohydrates	14-26	LOC548210	Hordeum vulgare	66-81
19717004-2	2009	A key factor in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome is insulin resistance, a phenomenon occurring mainly in obese subjects with a general resistance to the insulin effect only on carbohydrates metabolism.	Carbohydrates	182-195	insulin	Homo sapiens	58-65
19717004-2	2009	A key factor in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome is insulin resistance, a phenomenon occurring mainly in obese subjects with a general resistance to the insulin effect only on carbohydrates metabolism.	Carbohydrates	182-195	insulin	Homo sapiens	159-166
19617184-0	2009	[Does carbohydrate-deficient transferrin have diagnostic value in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?].	Carbohydrates	6-18	transferrin	Homo sapiens	29-40
19617184-5	2009	AIM: Our aim was to determine the value of carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, as well as to analyze the background of high CDT values, according to the anamnesis.	Carbohydrates	43-55	transferrin	Homo sapiens	66-77
19442736-0	2009	The synaptic CT carbohydrate modulates binding and expression of extracellular matrix proteins in skeletal muscle: Partial dependence on utrophin.	Carbohydrates	16-28	utrophin	Mus musculus	137-145
19426168-0	2009	Cost-effectiveness of screening for unhealthy alcohol use with % carbohydrate deficient transferrin: results from a literature-based decision analytic computer model.	Carbohydrates	65-77	transferrin	Homo sapiens	88-99
19426168-1	2009	BACKGROUND: The %carbohydrate deficient transferrin (%CDT) test offers objective evidence of unhealthy alcohol use but its cost-effectiveness in primary care conditions is unknown.	Carbohydrates	17-29	transferrin	Homo sapiens	40-51
19509187-1	2009	The opposing actions of insulin and glucagon on hepatic carbohydrate metabolism are well documented.	Carbohydrates	56-68	insulin	Homo sapiens	24-31
19486900-0	2009	Carbohydrate deficient transferrin and forensic medicine.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
19486900-2	2009	Carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) is one of the most common diagnostic markers for detecting chronic alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
19442736-2	2009	When Galgt2, the glycosyltransferase that creates the synaptic beta1,4GalNAc portion of this glycan, is overexpressed in extrasynaptic regions of the myofiber membrane, alpha dystroglycan becomes glycosylated with the CT carbohydrate and this coincides with the ectopic expression of synaptic dystroglycan-binding proteins, including laminin alpha4, laminin alpha5, and utrophin.	Carbohydrates	221-233	protein O-linked mannose beta 1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Mus musculus	17-36
19761888-5	2009	In obese group carrying Apo E3 genotype, body mass index, body fat (%), waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, and systolic blood pressure were decreased, as well as intakes of energy (P = .000) and carbohydrate (P = .005).	Carbohydrates	198-210	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	24-30
19247280-2	2009	The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of a modified carbohydrate nutrition program combined with strength training on insulin sensitivity, adiposity, and other type 2 diabetes risk factors in overweight Latino adolescents.	Carbohydrates	66-78	insulin	Homo sapiens	132-139
19359410-1	2009	Endothelial sialomucin CD34 functions as an L-selectin ligand mediating lymphocyte extravasation only when properly glycosylated to express a sulfated carbohydrate epitope, 6-sulfo sialyl Lewis x (6-sulfo SLe(x)).	Carbohydrates	151-163	CD34 molecule	Homo sapiens	23-27
19502356-4	2009	The downstream gene products for DREB1A and DREB2A are reported to have similar putative functions, but downstream genes encoding enzymes for carbohydrate metabolism are very different between DREB1A and DREB2A.	Carbohydrates	142-154	DRE-binding protein 2A	Arabidopsis thaliana	44-50
19502356-4	2009	The downstream gene products for DREB1A and DREB2A are reported to have similar putative functions, but downstream genes encoding enzymes for carbohydrate metabolism are very different between DREB1A and DREB2A.	Carbohydrates	142-154	DRE-binding protein 2A	Arabidopsis thaliana	204-210
19175902-5	2009	Mealtime dose of insulin in D-W/S-W bolus was calculated based on the amount of carbohydrate and fat/protein products.	Carbohydrates	80-92	insulin	Homo sapiens	17-24
19083105-6	2009	Fasting insulin and/or glucose were positively associated with body mass index (BMI), height, and dietary total and saturated fat and inversely associated with serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and dietary available carbohydrates, sucrose, and alcohol.	Carbohydrates	231-244	insulin	Homo sapiens	8-15
19445904-4	2009	Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), a classical glycolytic enzyme, is responsible for carbohydrate metabolism under normal circumstances.	Carbohydrates	100-112	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-40
19445904-4	2009	Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), a classical glycolytic enzyme, is responsible for carbohydrate metabolism under normal circumstances.	Carbohydrates	100-112	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	42-47
19394377-4	2009	Recent findings further support the key role of the carbohydrate-responsive element binding protein in the regulation of glycolytic and lipogenic genes by glucose and dietary carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	175-188	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	52-99
19654087-0	2009	[Improvement of carbohydrate deficient transferrin measurement by capillary zone electrophoresis using immunosubtraction of immunoglobulins and transferrin].	Carbohydrates	16-28	transferrin	Homo sapiens	39-50
19654087-0	2009	[Improvement of carbohydrate deficient transferrin measurement by capillary zone electrophoresis using immunosubtraction of immunoglobulins and transferrin].	Carbohydrates	16-28	transferrin	Homo sapiens	144-155
19654087-1	2009	CDT (Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin) is considered as the most efficient biomarker of alcohol abuse available for routine use.	Carbohydrates	5-17	transferrin	Homo sapiens	28-39
19542459-5	2009	The affinity of HD5 for protein-bound carbohydrates resulted from multivalent interactions which may also involve noncarbohydrate residues of the proteins.	Carbohydrates	38-51	defensin alpha 5	Homo sapiens	16-19
19410394-1	2009	This study was designed with the aim to compare sensitivity and specificity of ethyl glucuronide in hair (HEtG) and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in serum as markers of heavy drinking.	Carbohydrates	116-128	transferrin	Homo sapiens	139-150
19434628-12	2009	Despite controlling hyperglycemia, HIGT exerts unexpected insulin effects on hepatic carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	85-97	insulin	Homo sapiens	58-65
19287042-1	2009	The nuclear liver X receptor (LXR) regulates multiple aspects of cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TG), and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	104-116	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3	Mus musculus	12-28
19319984-7	2009	These findings suggest that a high carbohydrate intake and diets with high glycemic index and glycemic load may increase the risk of developing ER+/PR- breast cancer.	Carbohydrates	35-47	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	144-146
19542459-0	2009	Multivalent binding of carbohydrates by the human alpha-defensin, HD5.	Carbohydrates	23-36	defensin alpha 5	Homo sapiens	66-69
19542459-8	2009	From this and other evidence, we conclude that the extensive binding of HD5 to (neo)glycoproteins results from multivalent nonspecific interactions of individual HD5 molecules with carbohydrate and noncarbohydrate moieties of the target molecule and that the primary binding events are magnified and enhanced by subsequent in situ assembly and oligomerization of HD5.	Carbohydrates	181-193	defensin alpha 5	Homo sapiens	72-75
19542459-8	2009	From this and other evidence, we conclude that the extensive binding of HD5 to (neo)glycoproteins results from multivalent nonspecific interactions of individual HD5 molecules with carbohydrate and noncarbohydrate moieties of the target molecule and that the primary binding events are magnified and enhanced by subsequent in situ assembly and oligomerization of HD5.	Carbohydrates	181-193	defensin alpha 5	Homo sapiens	162-165
19542459-8	2009	From this and other evidence, we conclude that the extensive binding of HD5 to (neo)glycoproteins results from multivalent nonspecific interactions of individual HD5 molecules with carbohydrate and noncarbohydrate moieties of the target molecule and that the primary binding events are magnified and enhanced by subsequent in situ assembly and oligomerization of HD5.	Carbohydrates	181-193	defensin alpha 5	Homo sapiens	162-165
20103829-10	2009	This study not only demonstrated the validity of our previously introduced strategy employing the phage display technology in constructing human scFvs against various carbohydrate antigens, but also provided us with various scFv genes that can lead to future development of antibody-based therapeutics.	Carbohydrates	167-179	immunglobulin heavy chain variable region	Homo sapiens	145-149
19411249-2	2009	Txnip has therefore become an attractive target for diabetes therapy, but although we have found that txnip transcription is highly induced by glucose through a unique carbohydrate response element, the factors controlling this effect have remained unknown.	Carbohydrates	168-180	thioredoxin interacting protein	Homo sapiens	0-5
19411249-2	2009	Txnip has therefore become an attractive target for diabetes therapy, but although we have found that txnip transcription is highly induced by glucose through a unique carbohydrate response element, the factors controlling this effect have remained unknown.	Carbohydrates	168-180	thioredoxin interacting protein	Homo sapiens	102-107
19494295-4	2009	In the lectin pathway, mannan-binding lectin and ficolins bind to carbohydrates on pathogens to activate mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease 2.	Carbohydrates	66-79	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	138-153
19302090-5	2009	Patients were evaluated with the AUDIT, and blood sampled to determine carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, gamma-glutamyl-transferase, and mean corpuscular volume.	Carbohydrates	71-83	transferrin	Homo sapiens	94-105
19287042-1	2009	The nuclear liver X receptor (LXR) regulates multiple aspects of cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TG), and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	104-116	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3	Mus musculus	30-33
19273569-8	2009	The mean insulin (IU)/carbohydrate-ratio for 10 g of carbohydrate in the morning was 1.9+/-1.0 and 1.4+/-0.5 respectively.	Carbohydrates	53-65	insulin	Homo sapiens	9-16
19454531-1	2009	alpha2,8 Polysialic acid (PSA) is a carbohydrate attached to the glycoprotein backbone of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and implicated in nervous system development and repair.	Carbohydrates	36-48	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	94-123
19454531-1	2009	alpha2,8 Polysialic acid (PSA) is a carbohydrate attached to the glycoprotein backbone of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and implicated in nervous system development and repair.	Carbohydrates	36-48	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	125-129
20120158-1	2009	Insulin resistance, which is closely tied to obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD), leads to a wide range of clinical and biochemical disorders, including hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, abnormal carbohydrate metabolism, blood coagulation and fibrinolysis, non alcoholic hepatic steatosis and dyslipidemia, the latter being characterized by high triglyceride levels, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and an increased number of small dense particles of low-density lipoprotein.	Carbohydrates	199-211	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
19403723-7	2009	Because insulin increases leptin release, lower circulating insulin and leptin after fructose ingestion might inhibit appetite less than consumption of other carbohydrates and lead to increased energy intake.	Carbohydrates	158-171	insulin	Homo sapiens	60-67
19329633-4	2009	Furthermore, with a view of using SAP as a vaccine candidate, we present high-resolution crystal structure analyses of an N-terminally truncated form of SAP lacking the carbohydrate binding module but containing the catalytic domain and displaying glycosidase hydrolase activity, both in its apo form and in complex with maltotetraose, at resolutions of 2.1 and 2.4 A, respectively.	Carbohydrates	169-181	SH2 domain containing 1A	Homo sapiens	153-156
19567922-0	2009	The effect of carbohydrate ingestion on the interleukin-6 response to a 90-minute run time trial.	Carbohydrates	14-26	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	44-57
19567922-4	2009	Both high carbohydrate diets and carbohydrate ingestion during prolonged exercise have a blunting effect on IL-6 levels postendurance exercise.	Carbohydrates	10-22	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	108-112
19567922-4	2009	Both high carbohydrate diets and carbohydrate ingestion during prolonged exercise have a blunting effect on IL-6 levels postendurance exercise.	Carbohydrates	33-45	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	108-112
19567922-5	2009	We hypothesized that carbohydrate ingestion may improve performance during a prolonged bout of exercise as a consequence of a blunted IL-6 response.	Carbohydrates	21-33	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	134-138
20150600-1	2009	Many believe that excessive intake of refined carbohydrates (CHO) plays a major role in the development of obesity/overweight, type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance, a collection of events commonly referred to as "diabesity," and have sought natural means to overcome these linked perturbations.	Carbohydrates	46-59	insulin	Homo sapiens	156-163
19246513-4	2009	Txnip promoter contains a carbohydrate response element, which mediates the induction of Txnip expression by these molecules in a glucose-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	26-38	thioredoxin interacting protein	Homo sapiens	0-5
19317491-9	2009	An increasing population of carbohydrate deficient transferrin was identified in the High dose sera using a combination of antibody and lectin detection and confirmed by ESI-IT MS/MS.	Carbohydrates	28-40	transferrin	Rattus norvegicus	51-62
19246513-4	2009	Txnip promoter contains a carbohydrate response element, which mediates the induction of Txnip expression by these molecules in a glucose-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	26-38	thioredoxin interacting protein	Homo sapiens	89-94
19461130-2	2009	For example, respiration and carbohydrate synthesis are coupled to the circadian clock in cyanobacteria (Ishiura et al 1998 Science 281 1519) and ultradian oscillations with time periods of a few hours have been observed in immune response (NF-kappaB, Hoffmann et al 2002 Science 298 1241, Neson et al 2004 Science 306 704), apoptosis (p53, Lahav et al 2004 Nat.	Carbohydrates	29-41	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	241-250
19363695-3	2009	We investigated the influence of a carbohydrate-rich drink given 2 h before laparoscopic cholecystectomy on insulin resistance and the metabolic response to trauma.	Carbohydrates	35-47	insulin	Homo sapiens	108-115
19363695-11	2009	CONCLUSIONS: Abbreviation of the period of preoperative fasting and administration of a carbohydrate beverage diminishes insulin resistance and the organic response to trauma.	Carbohydrates	88-100	insulin	Homo sapiens	121-128
19460132-8	2009	Conversely, in Hmga1-knockout mice, basal and glucagon-mediated expression of RBP4 was severely attenuated and correlated inversely with increased Glut4 mRNA and protein abundance in skeletal muscle and fat, in which the activation state of the protein kinase Akt, an important downstream mediator of the metabolic effects of insulin on Glut4 translocation and carbohydrate metabolism, was simultaneously increased.	Carbohydrates	361-373	high mobility group AT-hook 1	Mus musculus	15-20
19450492-6	2009	We tentatively attribute these slower rates and protection from association events to the large amount of carbohydrate attached to erythropoietin at four sites.	Carbohydrates	106-118	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	131-145
19461130-2	2009	For example, respiration and carbohydrate synthesis are coupled to the circadian clock in cyanobacteria (Ishiura et al 1998 Science 281 1519) and ultradian oscillations with time periods of a few hours have been observed in immune response (NF-kappaB, Hoffmann et al 2002 Science 298 1241, Neson et al 2004 Science 306 704), apoptosis (p53, Lahav et al 2004 Nat.	Carbohydrates	29-41	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	336-339
19067429-0	2009	GlcNAc6ST-1-mediated decoration of MAdCAM-1 protein with L-selectin ligand carbohydrates directs disease activity of ulcerative colitis.	Carbohydrates	75-88	mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1	Cricetulus griseus	35-43
19419563-9	2009	In summary, the 30%-carbohydrate diet over 6 months led to a remarkable reduction in HbA1c levels, even among outpatients with severe type 2 diabetes, without any insulin therapy, hospital care or increase in sulfonylureas.	Carbohydrates	20-32	insulin	Homo sapiens	163-170
19350550-1	2009	Ly49Q, a type II C-type lectin expressed on mouse plasmacytoid DC (pDC), contains a single carbohydrate recognition domain in its extracellular region and an ITIM in its cytoplasmic domain.	Carbohydrates	91-103	killer cell lectin-like receptor, subfamily A, member 17	Mus musculus	0-5
19407076-10	2009	CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested that replacing fat with carbohydrate could deteriorate insulin resistance while the adverse effect on triglycerides from the LFHC diet could be avoided by restricting energy intake to a degree sufficient for the attainment of weight reduction.	Carbohydrates	60-72	insulin	Homo sapiens	91-98
19067429-3	2009	The present study was undertaken to elucidate the role of MAdCAM-1 posttranslationally modified ("decorated") with L-selectin ligand carbohydrates in UC pathogenesis and consequent clinical outcomes.	Carbohydrates	133-146	mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1	Cricetulus griseus	58-66
19067429-9	2009	MAdCAM-1 protein was colocalized with L-selectin ligand carbohydrates at the luminal surface of HEV-like vessels in situ.	Carbohydrates	56-69	mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1	Cricetulus griseus	0-8
19067429-10	2009	GlcNAc6ST-1 preferentially utilizes MAdCAM-1 as a scaffold protein for GlcNAc-6-O-sulfation in L-selectin ligand carbohydrate biosynthesis.	Carbohydrates	113-125	mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1	Cricetulus griseus	36-44
19067429-11	2009	CONCLUSIONS: UC disease activity is not regulated by expression of MAdCAM-1 protein itself, but rather by GlcNAc6ST-1-mediated decoration of MAdCAM-1 protein with L-selectin ligand carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	181-194	mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1	Cricetulus griseus	141-149
19265195-2	2009	Although the roles of several carbohydrate epitopes in the central nervous system, including polysialic acid, the human natural killer-1 (HNK-1) carbohydrate, alpha2,3-sialic acid, and oligomannosides, have been investigated, those of the glycan backbone structures, such as Galbeta1-4GlcNAc and Galbeta1-3GlcNAc, are not fully examined.	Carbohydrates	145-157	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	138-143
20144286-2	2009	The objective was to use a refined run-to-run algorithm to calculate prandial insulin-to-carbohydrate ratios (I:CHO) for meals of variable carbohydrate content in subjects with type 1 diabetes (T1DM).	Carbohydrates	89-101	insulin	Homo sapiens	78-85
20144286-9	2009	Subjects calculated the amount of the insulin bolus for each meal based on the corresponding I:CHO and their estimate of the meal"s carbohydrate content.	Carbohydrates	132-144	insulin	Homo sapiens	38-45
19154206-6	2009	In addition to the increase in the Atss3 mutant, QQS is up-regulated in the carbohydrate mutants mex1 and sis8.	Carbohydrates	76-88	qua-quine starch	Arabidopsis thaliana	49-52
19264337-5	2009	Several carbohydrate-binding agents (CBAs), such as the plant lectins HHA, GNA (mannose-specific) and UDA (N-acetylglucosamine-specific), inhibited dose-dependently the binding of DENV and subsequently viral replication in Raji/DC-SIGN(+) cells (EC(50): 0.1-2.2 microM).	Carbohydrates	8-20	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	228-235
19366709-3	2009	Co-expression analyses of UGP genes suggest that UGP1 is closely co-regulated with carbohydrate metabolism genes, late embryogenesis and seed loading, while UGP2 is co-regulated with stress response genes, fertilized flowers and photosynthetic genes.	Carbohydrates	83-95	UDP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	49-53
19639693-2	2009	The mineral water was found to activate regulation of carbohydrate metabolism by insulin and cortisol due to the formation of adaptive reactions during a course of its therapeutic intake.	Carbohydrates	54-66	insulin	Homo sapiens	81-88
19279196-1	2009	Embryo-specific overexpression of biotin carboxyl carrier protein 2 (BCCP2) inhibited plastid acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase), resulting in altered oil, protein, and carbohydrate composition in mature Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed.	Carbohydrates	173-185	biotin carboxyl carrier protein 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	34-67
19279196-1	2009	Embryo-specific overexpression of biotin carboxyl carrier protein 2 (BCCP2) inhibited plastid acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase), resulting in altered oil, protein, and carbohydrate composition in mature Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed.	Carbohydrates	173-185	biotin carboxyl carrier protein 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	69-74
19249311-1	2009	Multivalent binding of glycans on pathogens and on mammalian cells by the receptors DC-SIGN (CD209) and DC-SIGNR (L-SIGN, CD299) is dependent on correct disposition of the C-type carbohydrate-recognition domains projected at the C-terminal ends of necks at the cell surface.	Carbohydrates	179-191	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	84-91
19334683-1	2009	Single erythropoietin (EPO) glycoforms with defined mature oligosaccharide structures and amino acid sequences are essential to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which carbohydrates exert various physiological and metabolic functions and to explore the possible links between carbohydrates and the prevention or management of diseases.	Carbohydrates	172-185	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	7-21
19334683-1	2009	Single erythropoietin (EPO) glycoforms with defined mature oligosaccharide structures and amino acid sequences are essential to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which carbohydrates exert various physiological and metabolic functions and to explore the possible links between carbohydrates and the prevention or management of diseases.	Carbohydrates	172-185	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	23-26
19334683-1	2009	Single erythropoietin (EPO) glycoforms with defined mature oligosaccharide structures and amino acid sequences are essential to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which carbohydrates exert various physiological and metabolic functions and to explore the possible links between carbohydrates and the prevention or management of diseases.	Carbohydrates	280-293	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	7-21
19334683-1	2009	Single erythropoietin (EPO) glycoforms with defined mature oligosaccharide structures and amino acid sequences are essential to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which carbohydrates exert various physiological and metabolic functions and to explore the possible links between carbohydrates and the prevention or management of diseases.	Carbohydrates	280-293	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	23-26
19249311-1	2009	Multivalent binding of glycans on pathogens and on mammalian cells by the receptors DC-SIGN (CD209) and DC-SIGNR (L-SIGN, CD299) is dependent on correct disposition of the C-type carbohydrate-recognition domains projected at the C-terminal ends of necks at the cell surface.	Carbohydrates	179-191	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	93-98
19249311-1	2009	Multivalent binding of glycans on pathogens and on mammalian cells by the receptors DC-SIGN (CD209) and DC-SIGNR (L-SIGN, CD299) is dependent on correct disposition of the C-type carbohydrate-recognition domains projected at the C-terminal ends of necks at the cell surface.	Carbohydrates	179-191	C-type lectin domain family 4 member M	Homo sapiens	104-112
19249311-1	2009	Multivalent binding of glycans on pathogens and on mammalian cells by the receptors DC-SIGN (CD209) and DC-SIGNR (L-SIGN, CD299) is dependent on correct disposition of the C-type carbohydrate-recognition domains projected at the C-terminal ends of necks at the cell surface.	Carbohydrates	179-191	C-type lectin domain family 4 member M	Homo sapiens	114-120
19249311-1	2009	Multivalent binding of glycans on pathogens and on mammalian cells by the receptors DC-SIGN (CD209) and DC-SIGNR (L-SIGN, CD299) is dependent on correct disposition of the C-type carbohydrate-recognition domains projected at the C-terminal ends of necks at the cell surface.	Carbohydrates	179-191	C-type lectin domain family 4 member M	Homo sapiens	122-127
19410978-0	2009	Carbohydrate restriction (with or without additional dietary cholesterol provided by eggs) reduces insulin resistance and plasma leptin without modifying appetite hormones in adult men.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	99-106
19475943-3	2009	Kch (carbohydrates-water partition coefficient) and Klip could be estimated with the corresponding Kow values: log Kch = 1.23 log Kow - 2.42 and log Klip = 1.23 log Kow - 0.78.	Carbohydrates	5-18	centromere protein U	Homo sapiens	149-157
19448380-0	2009	A carbohydrate-rich drink shortly before surgery affected IGF-I bioavailability after a total hip replacement.	Carbohydrates	2-14	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	58-63
19448380-10	2009	RESULTS: Compared with placebo we found a relative increase in IGF-I bioavailability post-operatively after a carbohydrate-rich drink given shortly before surgery.	Carbohydrates	110-122	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	63-68
19074510-8	2009	Duox1/Duoxa1alpha and Duox2/Duoxa2 pairs produce the highest levels of hydrogen peroxide, as they undergo Golgi-based carbohydrate modifications and form stable cell surface complexes.	Carbohydrates	118-130	dual oxidase 2	Homo sapiens	22-27
19448380-14	2009	CONCLUSIONS: A carbohydrate- rich drink given shortly before surgery increases IGF-I bioavailability post-operatively in patients undergoing a THR, but has no significant effects on body composition after 2 months in physically active people.	Carbohydrates	15-27	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	79-84
19579890-4	2009	RESULTS: Since the only (unique) prominent information seems to concern the metabolism of the carbohydrates increasing the efficiency of the insulin.	Carbohydrates	94-107	insulin	Homo sapiens	141-148
19155063-7	2009	The lubricating properties of AGP and A1AT were attributed to adsorption via the hydrophobic backbone, allowing the hydrophilic carbohydrate moieties to be exposed to the aqueous solution, thus providing a low-shear-strength fluid film that lubricated the system.	Carbohydrates	128-140	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	38-42
19317823-1	2009	AIMS: Carbohydrate (CHO) quantification is used to adjust pre-meal insulin in intensive insulin regimens.	Carbohydrates	6-18	insulin	Homo sapiens	67-74
19218444-3	2009	Previously, we identified a carbohydrate-mimicry peptide designated I-peptide, which inhibits carbohydrate-dependent lung colonization of sialyl Lewis X-expressing B16-FTIII-M cells in E/P-selectin doubly-deficient mice.	Carbohydrates	28-40	selectin, platelet	Mus musculus	187-197
19218444-3	2009	Previously, we identified a carbohydrate-mimicry peptide designated I-peptide, which inhibits carbohydrate-dependent lung colonization of sialyl Lewis X-expressing B16-FTIII-M cells in E/P-selectin doubly-deficient mice.	Carbohydrates	94-106	selectin, platelet	Mus musculus	187-197
19217628-2	2009	Besides the carbohydrate content, the amino acid sequence of novel erythropoiesis stimulating protein (NESP) differs from human erythropoietin (hEPO) at five positions (Ala30Asn, His32Thr, Pro87Val, Trp88Asn, and Pro90Thr).	Carbohydrates	12-24	GNAS complex locus	Homo sapiens	103-107
19124464-0	2009	Tyrosine kinase activity of epidermal growth factor receptor is regulated by GM3 binding through carbohydrate to carbohydrate interactions.	Carbohydrates	97-109	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	28-60
19124464-0	2009	Tyrosine kinase activity of epidermal growth factor receptor is regulated by GM3 binding through carbohydrate to carbohydrate interactions.	Carbohydrates	113-125	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	28-60
19124464-2	2009	Ganglioside GM3 containing sialyllactose inhibits the tyrosine kinase activity of EGFR through carbohydrate to carbohydrate interactions (CCI) between N-glycans with GlcNAc termini on EGFR and oligosaccharides on GM3.	Carbohydrates	95-107	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	82-86
19124464-2	2009	Ganglioside GM3 containing sialyllactose inhibits the tyrosine kinase activity of EGFR through carbohydrate to carbohydrate interactions (CCI) between N-glycans with GlcNAc termini on EGFR and oligosaccharides on GM3.	Carbohydrates	95-107	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	184-188
19124464-2	2009	Ganglioside GM3 containing sialyllactose inhibits the tyrosine kinase activity of EGFR through carbohydrate to carbohydrate interactions (CCI) between N-glycans with GlcNAc termini on EGFR and oligosaccharides on GM3.	Carbohydrates	111-123	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	82-86
19124464-2	2009	Ganglioside GM3 containing sialyllactose inhibits the tyrosine kinase activity of EGFR through carbohydrate to carbohydrate interactions (CCI) between N-glycans with GlcNAc termini on EGFR and oligosaccharides on GM3.	Carbohydrates	111-123	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	184-188
19235718-4	2009	Presynaptically secreted MTG recruits and reorganizes secreted carbohydrates, and acts to recruit synaptic integrins and ECM glycans.	Carbohydrates	63-76	mind the gap	Drosophila melanogaster	25-28
19317823-1	2009	AIMS: Carbohydrate (CHO) quantification is used to adjust pre-meal insulin in intensive insulin regimens.	Carbohydrates	6-18	insulin	Homo sapiens	88-95
19317823-13	2009	CONCLUSIONS: In patients using intensive insulin therapy, an individually calculated insulin dose for 60 g of carbohydrate maintains postprandial BGLs for meals containing between 50 and 70 g of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	110-122	insulin	Homo sapiens	41-48
19317823-13	2009	CONCLUSIONS: In patients using intensive insulin therapy, an individually calculated insulin dose for 60 g of carbohydrate maintains postprandial BGLs for meals containing between 50 and 70 g of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	110-122	insulin	Homo sapiens	85-92
19317823-13	2009	CONCLUSIONS: In patients using intensive insulin therapy, an individually calculated insulin dose for 60 g of carbohydrate maintains postprandial BGLs for meals containing between 50 and 70 g of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	195-207	insulin	Homo sapiens	85-92
19317823-14	2009	A single mealtime insulin dose will cover a range in carbohydrate amounts without deterioration in postprandial control.	Carbohydrates	53-65	insulin	Homo sapiens	18-25
19052253-9	2009	Mutation of the putative carbohydrate response element (ChoRE) from CACGAGGGCAGCACGAG to TTTGAGGGCAGCACGAG abolishes glucose upregulation of TXNIP promoter activity.	Carbohydrates	25-37	thioredoxin interacting protein	Homo sapiens	141-146
19121967-1	2009	Glycerol kinase (GK) is at the interface of fat and carbohydrate metabolism and has been linked to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Carbohydrates	52-64	glycerol kinase	Mus musculus	0-15
19121967-1	2009	Glycerol kinase (GK) is at the interface of fat and carbohydrate metabolism and has been linked to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Carbohydrates	52-64	glycerol kinase	Mus musculus	17-19
18815849-12	2009	CONCLUSIONS: Weight loss by surgery leads to improvement in the metabolism of carbohydrates in relation to sensitivity to the insulin, contributing to the reduction of type 2 diabetes incidence.	Carbohydrates	78-91	insulin	Homo sapiens	126-133
19199748-4	2009	XPS C1s core level analysis was used to identify the O-C-O functionality unique to the carbohydrate acetal moiety and to separate and quantify the relative coverage of sugar in carbohydrate/OEG mixed SAMs.	Carbohydrates	87-99	complement C1s	Homo sapiens	4-7
19239633-0	2009	Carbohydrate-restricted versus low-glycemic-index diets for the treatment of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	77-84
19239633-1	2009	Carbohydrate-restricted diets (CRD) and diets comprised of foods with a low glycemic index (low-GI) are postulated to improve insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, potentially preventing the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	126-133
18826492-8	2009	The significant drop in insulin level and HOMA in the low carbohydrate diet groups is noteworthy given the increasing frequency of type-2 diabetes as part of metabolic syndrome in children and youth.	Carbohydrates	58-70	insulin	Homo sapiens	24-31
19283279-7	2009	Other biomolecules, including nucleosides, carbohydrates, folic acid and vitamin B12 are also readily modified using analogous methods.	Carbohydrates	43-56	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3	Homo sapiens	81-84
19142085-10	2009	Both intravenous and oral carbohydrate caused a significant increase in glucose and insulin levels.	Carbohydrates	26-38	insulin	Homo sapiens	84-91
19187775-5	2009	Furthermore, when fed a low-carbohydrate diet, 4-week-old weaned AceCS2(-/-) mice also exhibited hypothermia accompanied by sustained hypoglycemia that led to a 50% mortality.	Carbohydrates	28-40	acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 1	Mus musculus	65-71
19187775-7	2009	Furthermore, AceCS2(-/-) mice exhibited increased oxygen consumption and reduced weight gain on a low-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	102-114	acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 1	Mus musculus	13-19
19217549-8	2009	The catalytic efficiencies of ApuADelta toward soluble starch, pullulan and amylose were higher than those of ApuA, although their substrate specificities towards saccharides were similar.	Carbohydrates	163-174	amylopullulanase	Lactobacillus plantarum	30-34
19196356-1	2009	AIMS: Intensive insulin therapy (IIT) is the preferred treatment for patients with type 1 diabetes, which requires them to calculate the total number of grams of carbohydrate eaten, but little research has been performed on the effect of mixed meals on blood sugar.	Carbohydrates	162-174	insulin	Homo sapiens	16-23
18977853-0	2009	Structural analysis of the recognition mechanism of poly-N-acetyllactosamine by the human galectin-9 N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	112-124	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	90-100
18977853-3	2009	Galectin-9, a member of the galectin family, has two carbohydrate recognition domains at both the N- and C-terminal regions.	Carbohydrates	53-65	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	0-10
18977853-4	2009	Here we report the crystal structure of the human galectin-9 N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain in complex with N-acetyllactosamine dimers and trimers.	Carbohydrates	72-84	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	50-60
18977853-5	2009	These complex structures revealed that the galectin-9 N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain can recognize internal N-acetyllactosamine units within poly-N-acetyllactosamine chains.	Carbohydrates	65-77	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	43-53
19015195-10	2009	These results support that non-oxidative carbohydrate consumption for the brain is driven by a beta(2)-adrenergic mechanism, giving neurons an abundant provision of energy when plasma adrenaline increases.	Carbohydrates	41-53	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	93-99
19106327-7	2009	A significant relationship between adiponectin and 3 derived dietary patterns (F&amp;V, dieting, traditional English), carbohydrate, protein, trans fat, and alcohol intake was also observed.	Carbohydrates	119-131	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	35-46
19270448-9	2009	Further work is warranted to determine whether substitution of isomaltulose for sucrose or other sweet carbohydrates might be therapeutically useful in patients with, or at risk for, insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Carbohydrates	103-116	insulin	Homo sapiens	183-190
19095961-3	2009	The present study aimed to reveal whether the recognition of bacterial surface carbohydrates by the macrophage galactose-type C-type lectin-1, MGL1/CD301a, induces both the production and secretion of interleukin (IL)-10.	Carbohydrates	79-92	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	201-220
19594087-1	2009	BACKGROUND: Preoperative carbohydrate (CHO) reduces perioperative insulin resistance and improves preoperative patient comfort.	Carbohydrates	25-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	66-73
19799114-9	2009	SAP recognizes carbohydrates, nuclear substances, and amyloid fibrils and thus participates in the resolution of infectious diseases, autoimmunity, and amyloidosis.	Carbohydrates	15-28	amyloid P component, serum	Mus musculus	0-3
20407596-3	2009	Therefore, this study was carried out to define the structures of the carbohydrates associated with the CD24 recombinant protein.	Carbohydrates	70-83	CD24 molecule	Homo sapiens	104-108
19388159-3	2008	Similarly, the plasma proteins MBL and ficolins direct activation to microorganisms expressing common carbohydrate structures.	Carbohydrates	102-114	mannose-binding lectin family member 3, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	31-34
19118049-7	2009	Finally, approaches to manage AKT inhibitor-induced hyperglycemia were designed using fasting and low carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	102-114	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	30-33
19118049-13	2009	A combination of fasting and low carbohydrate diet can reduce the magnitude of hyperglycemia induced by an AKT inhibitor.	Carbohydrates	33-45	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	107-110
18825612-6	2009	With diet type I (low fat) and diet type II (low carbohydrate) in probands with both wild-type alleles, we observed decreases in BMI, weight, fat mass, systolic blood pressure, leptin levels, and insulin concentrations.	Carbohydrates	49-61	insulin	Homo sapiens	196-203
19390207-5	2009	The definition of alcohol consumption was based on interviews on the amounts of alcohol intake combined with measurements of serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, a specific biomarker of alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	131-143	transferrin	Homo sapiens	154-165
19725223-5	2009	With a representative cell line (DLD-1 cells categorized in group B), a significant portion of the adhesion was inhibited by preincubation of ASGR1 with asialofetuin, a competitive inhibitor of the carbohydrate recognition by ASGR1.	Carbohydrates	198-210	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	142-147
19725223-5	2009	With a representative cell line (DLD-1 cells categorized in group B), a significant portion of the adhesion was inhibited by preincubation of ASGR1 with asialofetuin, a competitive inhibitor of the carbohydrate recognition by ASGR1.	Carbohydrates	198-210	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	226-231
18850073-3	2009	Exogenously supplied oxidized galectin-1, which lacks carbohydrate-binding properties, has been shown to promote neurite outgrowth after sciatic nerve sectioning.	Carbohydrates	54-66	galectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
19210142-1	2009	OBJECTIVE: Adiponectin, secreted by adipose tissue, plays an important role in lipoprotein metabolism and also affects carbohydrate and insulin pathways.	Carbohydrates	119-131	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	11-22
18818299-1	2009	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma is a nuclear receptor that coordinates carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and is a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	95-107	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-55
19039232-1	2009	Insulin is well known for its effects on carbohydrate metabolism, but this hormone also plays an important role in regulating ovarian function.	Carbohydrates	41-53	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
18957933-2	2009	We have shown earlier that the IGFBP5 gene was downregulated in the adipose tissue after 12-week carbohydrate diet with low insulinemic response.	Carbohydrates	97-109	insulin like growth factor binding protein 5	Homo sapiens	31-37
18849145-0	2009	Preoperative administration of oral carbohydrate-rich solutions: Comparison of glucometabolic responses and tolerability between patients with and without insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	36-48	insulin	Homo sapiens	155-162
18849145-1	2009	OBJECTIVE: Preoperative carbohydrate loading with clear fluids is thought to reduce surgery-related insulin resistance (IR).	Carbohydrates	24-36	insulin	Homo sapiens	100-107
20141017-1	2009	AIM: to study a relationship of the proinflammatory cytokine - alpha-tumor necrosis factor (alpha-TNF) to the values of carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms, lipid peroxidation, and hemorheology in patients with components of the metabolic syndrome (MS).	Carbohydrates	120-132	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	69-90
18781319-5	2008	Carbohydrate-electrolyte ingestion increased blood glucose, insulin and carbohydrate oxidation, whilst suppressing NEFA, glycerol and fat oxidation (P &lt; 0.05) although manipulating the schedule of carbohydrate ingestion elicited similar metabolic responses (P &gt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	60-67
18466654-6	2008	Consumption of pre-exercise high-carbohydrate meals (H-H and L-L) resulted in less perturbation of the circulating numbers of leucocytes, neutrophils and T lymphocyte subsets, and in decreased elevation of the plasma IL-6 concentrations immediately after exercise and during the 2 h recovery period compared with the H-L trial.	Carbohydrates	33-45	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	217-221
18768386-3	2008	Some analogs, especially those with substitutions at the 6" position of the carbohydrate moiety, exhibit potent inhibitory activity toward checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1), a kinase that has a major role in the G(2)/M checkpoint in response to DNA damage.	Carbohydrates	76-88	checkpoint kinase 1	Homo sapiens	139-158
18768386-3	2008	Some analogs, especially those with substitutions at the 6" position of the carbohydrate moiety, exhibit potent inhibitory activity toward checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1), a kinase that has a major role in the G(2)/M checkpoint in response to DNA damage.	Carbohydrates	76-88	checkpoint kinase 1	Homo sapiens	160-164
18818241-0	2008	A potential role for Akt/FOXO signalling in both protein loss and the impairment of muscle carbohydrate oxidation during sepsis in rodent skeletal muscle.	Carbohydrates	91-103	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
18818241-9	2008	The findings of this study suggest a potential role for Akt/FOXO in the simultaneous impairment of carbohydrate oxidation, at the level of PDC, and up-regulation of muscle protein degradation, in LPS-induced endotoxaemia.	Carbohydrates	99-111	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
18765680-3	2008	The metabolic flexibility assessed by the ability to switch from fat to carbohydrate oxidation is usually impaired during a hyperinsulinemic clamp in insulin-resistant subjects; however, this "metabolic inflexibility" is mostly the consequence of impaired cellular glucose uptake.	Carbohydrates	72-84	insulin	Homo sapiens	129-136
18694897-2	2008	Here, we examine the contributions of complement component C3 and complement receptor type 3 (CR3) to carbohydrate-dependent uptake of OMLs by PEMs.	Carbohydrates	102-114	integrin alpha M	Mus musculus	66-92
18694897-2	2008	Here, we examine the contributions of complement component C3 and complement receptor type 3 (CR3) to carbohydrate-dependent uptake of OMLs by PEMs.	Carbohydrates	102-114	integrin alpha M	Mus musculus	94-97
18533168-0	2008	Determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in human serum with capillary zone electrophoresis.	Carbohydrates	17-29	transferrin	Homo sapiens	40-51
18782868-12	2008	We validated an effect of the fat to carbohydrate ratio for five genes (FABP4, NR3C1, SIRT3, FNTA, and GABARAPL2) with increased expression during the moderate-fat diet.	Carbohydrates	37-49	nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1	Homo sapiens	79-84
18782868-12	2008	We validated an effect of the fat to carbohydrate ratio for five genes (FABP4, NR3C1, SIRT3, FNTA, and GABARAPL2) with increased expression during the moderate-fat diet.	Carbohydrates	37-49	sirtuin 3	Homo sapiens	86-91
18971490-10	2008	The early-insulin group had significantly more carbohydrate infused (51+/-13 vs. 43+/-10 kcal per kilogram per day, P&lt;0.001) and less weight loss in the first week (standard-deviation score for change in weight, -0.55+/-0.52 vs. -0.70+/-0.47; P=0.006).	Carbohydrates	47-59	insulin	Homo sapiens	10-17
18533168-2	2008	Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) in fused-silica capillaries is an effective analytical approach for the separation and determination of the transferrin (Tf) isoforms and thus carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in human serum.	Carbohydrates	180-192	transferrin	Homo sapiens	203-214
18842805-8	2008	Of these, multiple linkages were found on chromosome 3q27.3, in a region harboring the adiponectin gene, at marker D3S1262 for energy [logarithm of odds (LOD): 2.24], carbohydrate (LOD: 2.00), and lipid (LOD: 1.65) intakes.	Carbohydrates	167-179	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	87-98
18612044-1	2008	Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) regulate islet function after carbohydrate ingestion.	Carbohydrates	117-129	glucagon	Homo sapiens	0-23
18612044-1	2008	Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) regulate islet function after carbohydrate ingestion.	Carbohydrates	117-129	glucagon	Homo sapiens	25-30
18612044-1	2008	Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) regulate islet function after carbohydrate ingestion.	Carbohydrates	117-129	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	36-80
18612044-1	2008	Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) regulate islet function after carbohydrate ingestion.	Carbohydrates	117-129	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	82-85
18775003-2	2008	We hypothesized that in FD patients, a high-fat (high-FAT) meal would induce more symptoms than a high-carbohydrate (high-CHO) meal, associated with an altered secretion of cholecystokinin (CCK), peptide-YY (PYY), and ghrelin and an increased antral size, when compared to healthy subjects (HS).	Carbohydrates	103-115	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	173-188
18667524-0	2008	Automated measurement of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin using the Bio-Rad %CDT by the HPLC test on a Variant HPLC system: evaluation and comparison with other routine procedures.	Carbohydrates	25-37	transferrin	Homo sapiens	48-59
18923570-0	2008	The effect of carbohydrate availability following exercise on whole-body insulin action.	Carbohydrates	14-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	73-80
18923570-2	2008	The independent roles of energy and carbohydrate in mediating post-exercise insulin action have not been systematically evaluated in humans.	Carbohydrates	36-48	insulin	Homo sapiens	76-83
18923570-3	2008	The purpose of this study was to determine if varying carbohydrate availability, with energy intake held constant, mediates post-exercise insulin action.	Carbohydrates	54-66	insulin	Homo sapiens	138-145
18923570-12	2008	In C-DEF, enhanced insulin action was correlated with the magnitude of the carbohydrate deficit (r = 0.82, p &lt; 0.01).	Carbohydrates	75-87	insulin	Homo sapiens	19-26
19533865-13	2008	Although g/g homozygotes are diabetes prone, improvement of the insulin resistance by restricting the intakes of both carbohydrate-rich foods and cane sugar may be easier in g/g than in t/g and t/t.	Carbohydrates	118-130	insulin	Homo sapiens	64-71
18236473-6	2008	Classification based on their biological function revealed that genes mainly belonging to the categories of electron transport, phase II metabolizing enzymes, cell growth and differentiation, apoptosis, cell cycle, transcription factors, transport, mRNA processing, and carbohydrate homeostasis were either induced or suppressed by soy isoflavone and regulated by Nrf2.	Carbohydrates	270-282	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	364-368
18718737-7	2008	The formula also rich in slowly digested carbohydrate and monounsaturated and omega-3 fatty acids (SDC) produced significantly lower blood glucose and insulin responses and higher levels of GLP-1 in the presence of significantly lower insulin concentrations.	Carbohydrates	41-53	glucagon	Homo sapiens	190-195
18718737-7	2008	The formula also rich in slowly digested carbohydrate and monounsaturated and omega-3 fatty acids (SDC) produced significantly lower blood glucose and insulin responses and higher levels of GLP-1 in the presence of significantly lower insulin concentrations.	Carbohydrates	41-53	insulin	Homo sapiens	151-158
18611859-3	2008	In addition, we explored hepatic glucose sensing by LXR during carbohydrate refeeding.	Carbohydrates	63-75	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3	Mus musculus	52-55
18611859-9	2008	Compared with wild-type controls, the induction of hepatic lipogenic gene expression was blunted in carbohydrate-refed Lxralpha(-/-) mice, which was associated with lower plasma triglyceride concentrations.	Carbohydrates	100-112	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3	Mus musculus	119-127
18556657-0	2008	Analogs of tetrahydroisoquinoline natural products that inhibit cell migration and target galectin-3 outside of its carbohydrate-binding site.	Carbohydrates	116-128	galectin 3	Canis lupus familiaris	90-100
18556657-6	2008	Here we extend the analysis of the protein targets of DX-52-1, reporting that the multifunctional carbohydrate-binding protein galectin-3 is a secondary target of DX-52-1 that may also be relevant to the antimigratory effects of both DX-52-1 and HUK-921.	Carbohydrates	98-110	galectin 3	Canis lupus familiaris	127-137
18556657-7	2008	All known inhibitors of galectin-3 target its beta-galactoside-binding site in the carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	83-95	galectin 3	Canis lupus familiaris	24-34
18556657-13	2008	In aggregate, the data suggest that DX-52-1 and HUK-921 inhibit a carbohydrate binding-independent function of galectin-3 that is involved in cell migration.	Carbohydrates	66-78	galectin 3	Canis lupus familiaris	111-121
18662664-3	2008	Lactose and other saccharide ligands of the galectins inhibited GST-Gal3 pull-down of TFII-I while non-binding carbohydrates failed to yield the same effect.	Carbohydrates	18-28	general transcription factor IIi	Homo sapiens	86-92
18653753-1	2008	The mRNA of the nuclear coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) increases during prolonged exercise and is influenced by carbohydrate availability.	Carbohydrates	174-186	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	36-103
18653753-1	2008	The mRNA of the nuclear coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) increases during prolonged exercise and is influenced by carbohydrate availability.	Carbohydrates	174-186	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	105-115
19145935-2	2008	It is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with the disorder of metabolism of carbohydrates, fat and proteins as a result of giving off defects and/or working insulin.	Carbohydrates	81-94	insulin	Homo sapiens	162-169
18590715-0	2008	HPLC and mass spectrometric characterization of a candidate reference material for the alcohol biomarker carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT).	Carbohydrates	105-117	transferrin	Homo sapiens	128-139
18671678-4	2008	Transduction of GalTKO cells with lentiviral vectors expressing the porcine alpha1,3 galactosyltransferase gene responsible for gal carbohydrate expression results in a higher level of binding of "anti-non-gal" xenoantibodies to transduced GalTKO cells expressing the gal carbohydrate, suggesting that anti-non-gal xenoantibodies cross react with carbohydrate xenoantigens.	Carbohydrates	132-144	N-acetyllactosaminide alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase	Sus scrofa	76-106
18671678-4	2008	Transduction of GalTKO cells with lentiviral vectors expressing the porcine alpha1,3 galactosyltransferase gene responsible for gal carbohydrate expression results in a higher level of binding of "anti-non-gal" xenoantibodies to transduced GalTKO cells expressing the gal carbohydrate, suggesting that anti-non-gal xenoantibodies cross react with carbohydrate xenoantigens.	Carbohydrates	272-284	N-acetyllactosaminide alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase	Sus scrofa	76-106
18671678-4	2008	Transduction of GalTKO cells with lentiviral vectors expressing the porcine alpha1,3 galactosyltransferase gene responsible for gal carbohydrate expression results in a higher level of binding of "anti-non-gal" xenoantibodies to transduced GalTKO cells expressing the gal carbohydrate, suggesting that anti-non-gal xenoantibodies cross react with carbohydrate xenoantigens.	Carbohydrates	272-284	N-acetyllactosaminide alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase	Sus scrofa	76-106
18590715-1	2008	BACKGROUND: Measurement of the alcohol-induced change of the serum transferrin glycoform pattern, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), is used as a biomarker for heavy drinking.	Carbohydrates	98-110	transferrin	Homo sapiens	67-78
18590715-1	2008	BACKGROUND: Measurement of the alcohol-induced change of the serum transferrin glycoform pattern, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), is used as a biomarker for heavy drinking.	Carbohydrates	98-110	transferrin	Homo sapiens	121-132
18785138-0	2008	Determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in human serum by two capillary zone electrophoresis methods and a direct immunoassay: comparison of patient data.	Carbohydrates	17-29	transferrin	Homo sapiens	40-51
18937673-10	2008	CONCLUSIONS: When paediatric patients used CSII, the bolus insulin dose calculated using the Bolus Wizard was more effective in improving pre- and postprandial glycaemic control with fewer correction boluses, without differences in the prandial insulin requirements and without restriction in the carbohydrate content of meals.	Carbohydrates	297-309	insulin	Homo sapiens	59-66
18951117-8	2008	One specific issue is the approach to meal-planning, based on carbohydrate-counting or the equivalent: this method of so-called "flexible insulin therapy" can improve metabolic control (for instance, by diminishing postprandial excursions) as well as the quality of life of patients.	Carbohydrates	62-74	insulin	Homo sapiens	138-145
18785138-1	2008	Data obtained with two CZE assays for determining carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in human serum under routine conditions, the CAPILLARYS CDT and the high-resolution CEofix (HR-CEofix) CDT methods, are in agreement with patient sera that do not exhibit interferences, high trisialo-transferrin (Tf) levels or genetic variants.	Carbohydrates	50-62	transferrin	Homo sapiens	73-84
18853909-2	2008	With type 1 or 2 diabetes, balancing insulin or medication with carbs and emphasizing carbs from fruits, vegetables, whole grains and low-fat milk and yogurt is key.	Carbohydrates	64-69	insulin	Homo sapiens	37-44
19186329-7	2008	These findings suggest that the postprandial response of plasma IL-6 concentrations may be influenced by the type of carbohydrate in the meal, central adiposity, and circulating cortisol concentrations in women.	Carbohydrates	117-129	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	64-68
19172745-1	2008	The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) has important roles in adipogenesis and immune response as well as roles in both lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	173-185	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	71-80
18396172-5	2008	The key principle is that carbohydrate, directly or indirectly through the effect of insulin, controls the disposition of excess dietary nutrients.	Carbohydrates	26-38	insulin	Homo sapiens	85-92
18331374-2	2008	Pre-operative oral carbohydrate loading (CHO) reduces post-operative insulin resistance with a reduced risk of hyperglycaemia during post-operative nutrition.	Carbohydrates	19-31	insulin	Homo sapiens	69-76
18541725-4	2008	The contribution of DCIR to these processes was revealed using DCIR-specific siRNAs and a polyclonal antibody specific for the carbohydrate recognition domain of DCIR.	Carbohydrates	127-139	C-type lectin domain family 4 member A	Homo sapiens	20-24
18633532-5	2008	Docking analysis of complexes involving mannosyl di- and trisaccharides and the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of DC-SIGN have been performed.	Carbohydrates	80-92	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	121-128
18564288-4	2008	Carbohydrate analysis using lectins showed that all of these leptospires contained high mannose components as a common backbone and DC-SIGN was involved in leptospires" attachment.	Carbohydrates	0-12	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	132-139
18685191-1	2008	It has been reported that the circulating glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) levels were reduced by an intake of some foods/drugs capable of delaying carbohydrate digestion/absorption.	Carbohydrates	166-178	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	42-86
18685191-1	2008	It has been reported that the circulating glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) levels were reduced by an intake of some foods/drugs capable of delaying carbohydrate digestion/absorption.	Carbohydrates	166-178	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	88-91
18690908-10	2008	Bolus insulin therapy is especially effective when used in proportion to carbohydrate load to cover anticipated incremental transitory enteral or parenteral carbohydrate exposure.	Carbohydrates	73-85	insulin	Homo sapiens	6-13
18690908-10	2008	Bolus insulin therapy is especially effective when used in proportion to carbohydrate load to cover anticipated incremental transitory enteral or parenteral carbohydrate exposure.	Carbohydrates	157-169	insulin	Homo sapiens	6-13
18490833-3	2008	Recently, a carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP), which binds to the carbohydrate response element (ChoRE) in the promoter of rat liver type pyruvate kinase (LPK), has been identified.	Carbohydrates	12-24	MLX interacting protein-like	Rattus norvegicus	59-65
18490833-10	2008	These results indicate that ChREBP can regulate metabolic gene expression to convert excess carbohydrate into triglyceride rather than glycogen.	Carbohydrates	92-104	MLX interacting protein-like	Mus musculus	28-34
18797131-2	2008	GAL injection significantly increased carbohydrate and total intake in all rats irrespective of macronutrient preference, whereas 5-HT alone did not affect macronutrient intake.	Carbohydrates	38-50	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
18798447-1	2008	BACKGROUND: Adiponectin is an hormone produced exclusively in adipose tissue, that actively acts in carbohydrate and fat regulation processes.	Carbohydrates	100-112	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	12-23
18511294-0	2008	On the use of DHB/aniline and DHB/N,N-dimethylaniline matrices for improved detection of carbohydrates: automated identification of oligosaccharides and quantitative analysis of sialylated glycans by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.	Carbohydrates	89-102	DNA helicase B	Homo sapiens	14-17
18511294-0	2008	On the use of DHB/aniline and DHB/N,N-dimethylaniline matrices for improved detection of carbohydrates: automated identification of oligosaccharides and quantitative analysis of sialylated glycans by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.	Carbohydrates	89-102	DNA helicase B	Homo sapiens	30-33
18797131-5	2008	In carbohydrate-preferring rats, GAL increased carbohydrate, protein and fat intake as well as total intake.	Carbohydrates	3-15	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
18797131-6	2008	Coinjection of GAL and 5-HT tended to decrease carbohydrate intake, but increase protein and fat intake.	Carbohydrates	47-59	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	15-18
18797131-8	2008	In contrast, in fat-preferring rats, GAL significantly increased carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	65-77	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	37-40
18607104-0	2008	Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of mouse galectin-4 N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain in complex with lactose.	Carbohydrates	90-102	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 4	Mus musculus	68-78
18508925-12	2008	Our study uncovers a new type of ubiquitin ligase complex composed of novel subunits involved in carbohydrate metabolism and identifies Gid4/Vid24 as a major regulator of this E3.	Carbohydrates	97-109	glucose-induced degradation complex subunit VID24	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	136-140
18508925-12	2008	Our study uncovers a new type of ubiquitin ligase complex composed of novel subunits involved in carbohydrate metabolism and identifies Gid4/Vid24 as a major regulator of this E3.	Carbohydrates	97-109	glucose-induced degradation complex subunit VID24	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	141-146
18609058-1	2008	Dietary carbohydrate restriction in the treatment of diabetes and metabolic syndrome is based on an underlying principle of control of insulin secretion and the theory that insulin resistance is a response to chronic hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia.	Carbohydrates	8-20	insulin	Homo sapiens	135-142
18499663-4	2008	DPE2 is a modular protein consisting of a family 77 glycosyl hydrolase domain, similar to DPE1, but unlike DPE1 the domain is interrupted by an insertion of approximately 150 amino acids as well as an N-terminal extension that consists of two carbohydrate binding modules.	Carbohydrates	243-255	DNA polymerase epsilon 2, accessory subunit	Homo sapiens	0-4
18573506-0	2008	Higher expression of jejunal LPH gene in rats fed the high-carbohydrate/low-fat diet compared with those fed the low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet is associated with in vitro binding of Cdx-2 in nuclear proteins to its promoter regions.	Carbohydrates	59-71	caudal type homeo box 2	Rattus norvegicus	183-188
18573506-0	2008	Higher expression of jejunal LPH gene in rats fed the high-carbohydrate/low-fat diet compared with those fed the low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet is associated with in vitro binding of Cdx-2 in nuclear proteins to its promoter regions.	Carbohydrates	117-129	caudal type homeo box 2	Rattus norvegicus	183-188
18477073-2	2008	The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a pre-operative oral carbohydrate drink vs. overnight fasting on perioperative insulin requirements in non-diabetic patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery.	Carbohydrates	80-92	insulin	Homo sapiens	138-145
19080431-0	2008	[Effects of preoperative carbohydrate loading on the changes in serum tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2 and insulin resistance in patients of colon carcinoma].	Carbohydrates	25-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	114-121
18474217-1	2008	Epithelial cancer cells secrete mucins carrying carbohydrate antigens such as a sialyl-Tn antigen into cancer tissues and/or the bloodstream, in which mucins may interact with CD22 (Siglec-2).	Carbohydrates	48-60	CD22 molecule	Homo sapiens	176-180
18474217-1	2008	Epithelial cancer cells secrete mucins carrying carbohydrate antigens such as a sialyl-Tn antigen into cancer tissues and/or the bloodstream, in which mucins may interact with CD22 (Siglec-2).	Carbohydrates	48-60	CD22 molecule	Homo sapiens	182-190
18463226-12	2008	They led to high anti-LPS titers after only three injections, suggesting alternatives to improve the immunogenicity of the carbohydrate-mimetic peptide and confirming the antigenic mimicry.	Carbohydrates	123-135	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	22-25
18487284-0	2008	Measuring carbohydrate-deficient transferrin by direct immunoassay: factors affecting diagnostic sensitivity for excessive alcohol intake.	Carbohydrates	10-22	transferrin	Homo sapiens	33-44
18487284-1	2008	BACKGROUND: carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is a marker of alcohol intake that is used for detecting or monitoring alcohol-use disorders.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
18502321-3	2008	The paraventricular and arcuate nuclei belong to the main pathway through which NPY stimulates carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	95-107	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	80-83
18502321-7	2008	Intake of carbohydrate was negatively correlated with the gradient of NPY concentration between the arcuate and paraventricular nuclei.	Carbohydrates	10-22	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	70-73
18469483-2	2008	Adiponectin is one of the adipocytokines that regulates lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	66-78	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	0-11
18463106-8	2008	Dietary carbohydrates, by increasing serum levels of glucose and insulin concentration, as well as dietary fat, may have interfered with the somatotropic effects of soy protein.	Carbohydrates	8-21	insulin	Homo sapiens	65-72
18850190-6	2008	APOE-by-carbohydrate intake shows significant sex-specific effects.	Carbohydrates	8-20	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	0-4
18850190-8	2008	However, only those females with APOE-4 alleles showed significantly lower HDL-C levels as their percent of carbohydrate intake increased, while no association was noted between carbohydrate intake and HDL-C in those females without an APOE-4 allele.	Carbohydrates	108-120	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	33-39
18364392-1	2008	OBJECTIVE: Carbohydrate counting is an effective approach to mealtime insulin adjustment in type 1 diabetes but has not been rigorously assessed in type 2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	11-23	insulin	Homo sapiens	70-77
18364392-6	2008	The carbohydrate counting (carb count) group was provided an insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio to use for each meal and adjusted their glulisine dose based on the amount of carbohydrate consumed.	Carbohydrates	4-16	insulin	Homo sapiens	61-68
18364392-6	2008	The carbohydrate counting (carb count) group was provided an insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio to use for each meal and adjusted their glulisine dose based on the amount of carbohydrate consumed.	Carbohydrates	4-8	insulin	Homo sapiens	61-68
18375037-1	2008	The C-type lectins DC-SIGN (CD209) and L-SIGN (CD299) recognize defined carbohydrates expressed on pathogens and cells.	Carbohydrates	72-85	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	28-33
18375037-1	2008	The C-type lectins DC-SIGN (CD209) and L-SIGN (CD299) recognize defined carbohydrates expressed on pathogens and cells.	Carbohydrates	72-85	C-type lectin domain family 4 member M	Homo sapiens	39-45
18375037-1	2008	The C-type lectins DC-SIGN (CD209) and L-SIGN (CD299) recognize defined carbohydrates expressed on pathogens and cells.	Carbohydrates	72-85	C-type lectin domain family 4 member M	Homo sapiens	47-52
18819453-3	2008	Concentration of FN and Fm--in order to the state of carbohydrate metabolism--was marked in the following: before 33rd week of pregnancy, between 33rd and 37th week of pregnancy and after 37th week of pregnancy.	Carbohydrates	53-65	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	17-19
20409934-8	2008	It is known that PPAR-gamma plays a role in the regulation of multiple genes affecting carbohydrate and lipid metabolism; however, the clinical significance of this remains to be established.	Carbohydrates	87-99	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	17-27
18668431-14	2008	One of the most interesting characteristics of P-gp/MDR1 is that its many substrates vary greatly in their structure and functionality, ranging from small molecules such as organic cations, carbohydrates, amino acids and some antibiotics to macromolecules such as polysaccharides and proteins.	Carbohydrates	190-203	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	52-56
18376007-10	2008	In summary, Elovl5-induced changes in hepatic fatty acid content affect multiple pathways regulating hepatic lipid and carbohydrate composition.	Carbohydrates	119-131	ELOVL family member 5, elongation of long chain fatty acids (yeast)	Mus musculus	12-18
18434410-2	2008	One of the few broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies, 2G12, binds to a carbohydrate epitope consisting of an array of high-mannose glycans exposed on the surface of the gp120 subunit of the Env protein.	Carbohydrates	71-83	endogenous retrovirus group W member 1, envelope	Homo sapiens	190-193
18436566-1	2008	Carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) is a basic helix-loop-helix/leucine zipper transcription factor that binds to the carbohydrate response element in the promoter of certain lipogenic and glycolytic genes.	Carbohydrates	137-149	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	0-45
18436566-1	2008	Carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) is a basic helix-loop-helix/leucine zipper transcription factor that binds to the carbohydrate response element in the promoter of certain lipogenic and glycolytic genes.	Carbohydrates	137-149	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	47-53
18451776-1	2008	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays an important role in hepatic glucose homeostasis and carbohydrate metabolism and has been implicated in the leptin-mediated energy homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	118-130	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	0-50
18451776-1	2008	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays an important role in hepatic glucose homeostasis and carbohydrate metabolism and has been implicated in the leptin-mediated energy homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	118-130	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	52-57
18413311-6	2008	Decreased SREBP-1 binding during fasting and a dramatic increase upon refeeding indicates that the lipogenic "overshoot" for fatty-acid synthase gene expression known to occur during high carbohydrate refeeding can be attributed to a similar overshoot in SREBP-1 binding.	Carbohydrates	188-200	fatty acid synthase	Mus musculus	125-144
17950329-13	2008	CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that (1) both obesity and dietary carbohydrates increase gallbladder total fat, triglycerides, cholesterol, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta and (2) obesity also increases gallbladder free fatty acids and IL-6.	Carbohydrates	66-79	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	140-149
17950329-13	2008	CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that (1) both obesity and dietary carbohydrates increase gallbladder total fat, triglycerides, cholesterol, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta and (2) obesity also increases gallbladder free fatty acids and IL-6.	Carbohydrates	66-79	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	155-163
17950329-13	2008	CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that (1) both obesity and dietary carbohydrates increase gallbladder total fat, triglycerides, cholesterol, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta and (2) obesity also increases gallbladder free fatty acids and IL-6.	Carbohydrates	66-79	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	228-232
18556558-3	2008	XBP1 protein expression in mice was elevated after feeding carbohydrates and corresponded with the induction of critical genes involved in fatty acid synthesis.	Carbohydrates	59-72	X-box binding protein 1	Mus musculus	0-4
18024472-0	2008	Expression and function of the HNK-1 carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	37-49	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	31-36
18317469-10	2008	However, the postprandial incremental area under curve (AUC) of PYY was significantly lower in REL after the high carbohydrate (HCHO) meal (+27.3 vs +60.6% increase from baseline, P=0.038).	Carbohydrates	114-126	peptide YY	Homo sapiens	64-67
19043980-9	2008	In addition, carbohydrate and sucrose intake presented a positive and significant correlation with insulin concentration and HOMA-IR at 180 min postprandial, after adjusting for energy intake and % TBF (p&lt;0.05).	Carbohydrates	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	99-106
18541549-12	2008	In addition, compared with a typical high-saturated fat diet, healthy diets that emphasize carbohydrate, protein, or unsaturated fat reduce plasma total and LDL apo B and produce a lower more metabolically favorable ratio of apo C-III to apo E.	Carbohydrates	91-103	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	238-243
18163977-12	2008	Data from yeast suggest that ACN9 is involved in gluconeogenesis and the assimilation of ethanol or acetate into carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	113-125	Sdh7p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	29-33
18395530-1	2008	UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) is an important enzyme in the production (and conversions) of UDP-glucose, a key precursor for carbohydrate biosynthesis.	Carbohydrates	134-146	UDP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-29
18395530-1	2008	UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) is an important enzyme in the production (and conversions) of UDP-glucose, a key precursor for carbohydrate biosynthesis.	Carbohydrates	134-146	UDP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	31-37
18395530-14	2008	The data are discussed with respect to potential roles of UGPase in carbohydrate synthesis/metabolism in Arabidopsis.	Carbohydrates	68-80	UDP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	58-64
18509018-0	2008	Insufficient standardization of a direct carbohydrate-deficient transferrin immunoassay.	Carbohydrates	41-53	transferrin	Homo sapiens	64-75
18532924-5	2008	beta1 integrins, pathogen recognition receptors, specific carbohydrate residues and other M cell surface antigens have been exploited as potential targets for the delivery of mucosal vaccines and therapeutics.	Carbohydrates	58-70	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
18024472-2	2008	Among them, we have been interested in HNK-1 (human natural killer-1) carbohydrate, which is characteristically expressed on a series of cell adhesion molecules in the nervous system.	Carbohydrates	70-82	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	39-44
18024472-3	2008	The HNK-1 carbohydrate has a unique structural feature, i.e. a sulfated glucuronic acid is attached to the non-reducing terminal of an N-acetyllactosamine residue (HSO(3)-3GlcAbeta1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-).	Carbohydrates	10-22	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	4-9
18024472-4	2008	We have cloned and characterized the biosynthetic enzymes (two glucuronyltransferases and a sulfotransferase), and also obtained evidence that the HNK-1 carbohydrate is involved in synaptic plasticity and memory formation.	Carbohydrates	153-165	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	147-152
18397186-3	2008	Our aim was to investigate whether mutations in various genes other than NOD2/CARD15 or TLR4 associated with CD (NOD1/CARD4, DLG5 and DEFB1) may influence the presence of antibodies against bacterial proteins and carbohydrates in a Hungarian cohort of CD patients.	Carbohydrates	213-226	defensin beta 1	Homo sapiens	134-139
18702344-8	2008	Body iron stores affect the indicators of liver function, such as GGT AST and ALT and the concentration of alcohol abuse marker such as carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in the serum.	Carbohydrates	136-148	transferrin	Homo sapiens	159-170
19885202-4	2008	This program calculates subcutaneous bolus insulin doses based on the current blood glucose (BG), using an insulin sensitivity factor, the number of grams of carbohydrates eaten, and an insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio, with a goal of maintaining the patient"s BG in a prespecified target range.	Carbohydrates	158-171	insulin	Homo sapiens	43-50
18485217-5	2008	Consistent with this, leaf cell walls of cpr5 plants contained significantly less paracrystalline cellulose and had an altered wall carbohydrate composition.	Carbohydrates	132-144	CPR5 protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	41-45
18469262-1	2008	BACKGROUND: Diets high in carbohydrates may result in chronically elevated insulin concentrations and may affect breast cancer risk by stimulation of insulin receptors or through insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I)-mediated mitogenesis.	Carbohydrates	26-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	75-82
18469262-1	2008	BACKGROUND: Diets high in carbohydrates may result in chronically elevated insulin concentrations and may affect breast cancer risk by stimulation of insulin receptors or through insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I)-mediated mitogenesis.	Carbohydrates	26-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	150-157
18343222-5	2008	Our studies have established that key transcription factors, like PPARalpha, SREBP-1, ChREBP and MLX, are regulated by n-3 PUFA, which in turn control levels of proteins involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	192-204	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	86-92
19017497-0	2008	Contribution of defects in glucose production and uptake to carbohydrate intolerance in insulin-resistant subjects.	Carbohydrates	60-72	insulin	Homo sapiens	88-95
18442502-8	2008	CONCLUSIONS: Polyunsaturated fatty acid and simple carbohydrates may be associated with MSDR and insulin resistance in American Indians and sex may modify the association between dietary intake and MS and insulin resistance in this population.	Carbohydrates	51-64	insulin	Homo sapiens	97-104
18442502-8	2008	CONCLUSIONS: Polyunsaturated fatty acid and simple carbohydrates may be associated with MSDR and insulin resistance in American Indians and sex may modify the association between dietary intake and MS and insulin resistance in this population.	Carbohydrates	51-64	insulin	Homo sapiens	205-212
18442503-0	2008	Reduce simple carbohydrate and animal protein intake and increase polyunsaturated fatty acid intake in patients with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	14-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	140-147
18469262-1	2008	BACKGROUND: Diets high in carbohydrates may result in chronically elevated insulin concentrations and may affect breast cancer risk by stimulation of insulin receptors or through insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I)-mediated mitogenesis.	Carbohydrates	26-39	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	179-207
18469262-1	2008	BACKGROUND: Diets high in carbohydrates may result in chronically elevated insulin concentrations and may affect breast cancer risk by stimulation of insulin receptors or through insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I)-mediated mitogenesis.	Carbohydrates	26-39	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	209-214
18469262-2	2008	Insulin response to carbohydrate intake is increased in insulin-resistant states such as obesity.	Carbohydrates	20-32	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
18469262-2	2008	Insulin response to carbohydrate intake is increased in insulin-resistant states such as obesity.	Carbohydrates	20-32	insulin	Homo sapiens	56-63
18469262-11	2008	We also observed a direct association between carbohydrate intake, GL, and estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer risk.	Carbohydrates	46-58	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	75-92
18469262-13	2008	Carbohydrate intake may also be associated with estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer.	Carbohydrates	0-12	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	48-65
18372393-1	2008	Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is an important incretin produced in the K cells of the intestine and secreted into the circulating blood following ingestion of carbohydrate- and fat-containing meals.	Carbohydrates	180-192	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	0-44
18372393-1	2008	Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is an important incretin produced in the K cells of the intestine and secreted into the circulating blood following ingestion of carbohydrate- and fat-containing meals.	Carbohydrates	180-192	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
18372393-7	2008	In summary, these findings demonstrated that intestinal lymph contains high concentrations of GIP that respond to both enteral carbohydrate and fat absorption.	Carbohydrates	127-139	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	94-97
18630457-1	2008	BACKGROUND: Darbepoetin alfa, has a longer halflife than epoetin alfa (rHuEPO) due to its increased sialylated carbohydrate content and can be administered less frequently.	Carbohydrates	111-123	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	16-23
19885202-4	2008	This program calculates subcutaneous bolus insulin doses based on the current blood glucose (BG), using an insulin sensitivity factor, the number of grams of carbohydrates eaten, and an insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio, with a goal of maintaining the patient"s BG in a prespecified target range.	Carbohydrates	158-170	insulin	Homo sapiens	43-50
18391974-10	2008	FoxO1 may also be involved in promoting the switch from carbohydrate to fatty acid as the major energy source during starvation.	Carbohydrates	56-68	forkhead box O1	Homo sapiens	0-5
19083424-7	2008	On average, the A group secreted 2- to 2.5-fold less insulin per gram of carbohydrate compared with the S and P groups (P &lt; .05).	Carbohydrates	73-85	insulin	Homo sapiens	53-60
18239077-0	2008	Adding protein to a carbohydrate supplement provided after endurance exercise enhances 4E-BP1 and RPS6 signaling in skeletal muscle.	Carbohydrates	20-32	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	87-93
18223187-0	2008	Alterations in carbohydrate metabolism and its regulation in PPARalpha null mouse hearts.	Carbohydrates	15-27	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	61-70
18329309-2	2008	Dietary fructose is often recommended for diabetic patients, as this form of carbohydrate leads to a lower postprandial rise in plasma glucose and insulin.	Carbohydrates	77-89	insulin	Homo sapiens	147-154
18247112-1	2008	INTRODUCTION: Metabolic inflexibility was first described as a failure of skeletal muscle of diabetic subjects to appropriately move between use of lipid in the fasting state and use of carbohydrate in the insulin-stimulated prandial state.	Carbohydrates	186-198	insulin	Homo sapiens	206-213
20409889-11	2008	Although not measured, central vs. peripheral sympathetic-parasympathetic balance, which determine hemodynamic characteristics, is influenced by increasing obesity and carbohydrate-insulin metabolic changes in adulthood.	Carbohydrates	168-180	insulin	Homo sapiens	181-188
19068859-2	2008	Serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is the most specific marker of chronic alcohol abuse so far.	Carbohydrates	6-18	transferrin	Homo sapiens	29-40
18061677-0	2008	The carbohydrate recognition domain of Langerin reveals high structural similarity with the one of DC-SIGN but an additional, calcium-independent sugar-binding site.	Carbohydrates	4-16	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	99-106
18207466-9	2008	Carbohydrate-related genes were almost all involved in energy metabolism (e.g. Pfkm, Pgm1, Pgam1, Pfkfb1, Pfkfb2), whereas lipid-related genes were involved in energetics as well as other cellular processes; for both groups this included genes involved in rate-limiting metabolic steps.	Carbohydrates	0-12	phosphoglycerate mutase 1	Rattus norvegicus	91-96
18207466-9	2008	Carbohydrate-related genes were almost all involved in energy metabolism (e.g. Pfkm, Pgm1, Pgam1, Pfkfb1, Pfkfb2), whereas lipid-related genes were involved in energetics as well as other cellular processes; for both groups this included genes involved in rate-limiting metabolic steps.	Carbohydrates	0-12	6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 1	Rattus norvegicus	98-104
18154729-0	2008	HPLC evaluation of clinical and pharmacological factors reported to cause false-positive carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) levels.	Carbohydrates	89-101	transferrin	Homo sapiens	112-123
18154729-1	2008	BACKGROUND: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is an alcohol biomarker used for detection and follow-up of excessive alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
18292037-0	2008	[Values of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin after chemical exposure in the workplace].	Carbohydrates	11-23	transferrin	Homo sapiens	34-45
18292037-1	2008	UNLABELLED: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) examinations have been used with those people who regularly consume more than 60 gr.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
17878606-3	2008	FGF15/19 produced by intestine inhibits bile acid synthesis and FGF21from liver is involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	95-107	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	64-69
17983654-3	2008	In an attempt to verify the reported interaction between IL-2 and mannose containing carbohydrate ligands we studied two biologically active forms of IL-2 using various techniques including affinity chromatography, equilibrium dialysis, and NMR methods.	Carbohydrates	85-97	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	57-61
18292813-4	2008	Furthermore, the induction of ChREBP, L-PK, and ACC by glucose or high-carbohydrate diet was similar in LXRalpha/beta knockout compared with wild-type mice, suggesting that the activation of these genes by glucose occurs by an LXR-independent mechanism.	Carbohydrates	71-83	MLX interacting protein-like	Mus musculus	30-36
18292804-2	2008	report studies investigating the role of the liver X receptors (LXRs) LXRalpha and LXRbeta in carbohydrate sensing by the liver (see the related article beginning on page 956).	Carbohydrates	94-106	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3	Mus musculus	70-78
18292804-4	2008	The reported findings further support a key role for the carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) in the regulation of lipogenic genes by glucose and dietary carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	174-187	MLX interacting protein-like	Mus musculus	57-104
18292804-4	2008	The reported findings further support a key role for the carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) in the regulation of lipogenic genes by glucose and dietary carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	174-187	MLX interacting protein-like	Mus musculus	106-112
17983654-4	2008	Despite previous reports we have not been able to demonstrate that IL-2 possesses the ability to bind carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	102-114	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	67-71
17560061-0	2008	Forensic analysis of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) by HPLC--statistics and extreme CDT values.	Carbohydrates	21-33	transferrin	Homo sapiens	44-55
17560061-1	2008	BACKGROUND: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is the most specific serum marker of chronic alcohol abuse so far.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
18250477-9	2008	IL-4-induced alternative activation is blocked by bis-(3-deoxy-3-(3-methoxybenzamido)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl) sulfane, a specific inhibitor of extracellular galectin-3 carbohydrate binding.	Carbohydrates	169-181	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	158-168
18289377-1	2008	BACKGROUND: Carbohydrate restricted diets (CRD) consistently lower glucose and insulin levels and improve atherogenic dyslipidemia [decreasing triglycerides and increasing HDL cholesterol (HDL-C)].	Carbohydrates	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	79-86
18283111-6	2008	By screening a human liver complementary DNA library, we identify alpha1-antitrypsin (alpha1-AT) as previously unrecognized cargo of ERGIC-53 and show that cargo capture is carbohydrate- and conformation-dependent.	Carbohydrates	173-185	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	66-84
18283111-6	2008	By screening a human liver complementary DNA library, we identify alpha1-antitrypsin (alpha1-AT) as previously unrecognized cargo of ERGIC-53 and show that cargo capture is carbohydrate- and conformation-dependent.	Carbohydrates	173-185	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	86-95
18056791-0	2008	Leucine-enriched essential amino acid and carbohydrate ingestion following resistance exercise enhances mTOR signaling and protein synthesis in human muscle.	Carbohydrates	42-54	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	104-108
18056791-1	2008	We recently showed that resistance exercise and ingestion of essential amino acids with carbohydrate (EAA+CHO) can independently stimulate mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and muscle protein synthesis in humans.	Carbohydrates	88-100	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	139-168
18056791-1	2008	We recently showed that resistance exercise and ingestion of essential amino acids with carbohydrate (EAA+CHO) can independently stimulate mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and muscle protein synthesis in humans.	Carbohydrates	88-100	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	170-174
18056794-3	2008	Phosphorylation and inactivation of glycogen synthase by glycogen synthase kinase 3 could be the mechanism for long-chain fatty acid inhibition of insulin-mediated carbohydrate storage in insulin-resistant subjects.	Carbohydrates	164-176	insulin	Homo sapiens	147-154
18056794-3	2008	Phosphorylation and inactivation of glycogen synthase by glycogen synthase kinase 3 could be the mechanism for long-chain fatty acid inhibition of insulin-mediated carbohydrate storage in insulin-resistant subjects.	Carbohydrates	164-176	insulin	Homo sapiens	188-195
17697427-2	2008	By raising blood insulin concentrations, carbohydrate ingestion inhibits lypolysis and reduces circulating NEFA.	Carbohydrates	41-53	insulin	Homo sapiens	17-24
17697427-3	2008	We hypothesised that differences in the postprandial glycaemic and insulin response to carbohydrates (i.e. glycaemic index; GI) could alter NEFA availability and IMCL use during subsequent exercise.	Carbohydrates	87-100	insulin	Homo sapiens	67-74
17890287-2	2008	LGALS15 contains a predicted carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) as well as LDV and RGD recognition sequences for integrin binding.	Carbohydrates	29-41	galactoside-binding soluble lectin 13	Bos taurus	0-7
18095234-1	2008	AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: To evaluate the potential effectiveness of "carbohydrate days" as a dietary intervention to overcome insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	61-73	insulin	Homo sapiens	118-125
17950632-0	2008	Role of carbohydrate moiety of bleomycin-A2 in caspase-3 activation and internucleosomal chromatin fragmentation in apoptosis of laryngeal carcinoma cells.	Carbohydrates	8-20	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	47-56
17980706-1	2008	BACKGROUND: An alcohol-induced change in the serum transferrin glycoform pattern, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), is used as a biomarker for detection and follow-up of heavy alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	82-94	transferrin	Homo sapiens	51-62
17980706-1	2008	BACKGROUND: An alcohol-induced change in the serum transferrin glycoform pattern, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), is used as a biomarker for detection and follow-up of heavy alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	82-94	transferrin	Homo sapiens	105-116
18275363-0	2008	Glucose or carbohydrate supply during continuous intravenous insulin administration in the intensive care unit.	Carbohydrates	11-23	insulin	Homo sapiens	61-68
17928023-1	2008	Carbohydrate-binding agents (CBAs) have been proposed as innovative anti-HIV compounds selectively targeting the glycans of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 and preventing DC-SIGN-directed HIV capture by dendritic cells (DCs) and transmission to CD4(+) T-lymphocytes.	Carbohydrates	0-12	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	251-254
18093684-7	2008	When all MCT were given with carbohydrates (instead of LCT) hepatic TNF-alpha also decreased (p&lt;0.001).	Carbohydrates	29-42	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	68-77
18186095-3	2008	A series of synthetic carbohydrates was chemically-coupled to a model antigen, ovalbumin (OVA), and each conjugate was evaluated for its ability to increase the efficiency of antigen presentation by murine DCs to OVA-specific T cells (CD4(+) and CD8(+)).	Carbohydrates	22-35	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	79-88
17907924-4	2008	INTRODUCTION: Galectin-9 is a beta-galactoside-binding lectin that modulates many biological functions by interacting with particular carbohydrates attached to proteins and lipids.	Carbohydrates	134-147	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	14-24
18204334-7	2008	The aripiprazole group showed a larger decrease in percent carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, a biomarker of heavy alcohol consumption at weeks 4 (-14.91% vs -2.23%; P = 0.020) and 8 (-16.92% vs -5.33%; P = 0.021), although not at week 12 (-9.06% vs -4.12%; P = 0.298).	Carbohydrates	59-71	transferrin	Homo sapiens	82-93
18271619-6	2008	These data argue that FUT2 and other genes encoding enzymes that regulate processing of the HBGA carbohydrates function as susceptibility alleles.	Carbohydrates	97-110	fucosyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	22-26
18271619-12	2008	Using salivary and carbohydrate-binding assays, we showed that GII.4 VLP-carbohydrate ligand binding patterns have changed over time and include carbohydrates regulated by the human FUT2 and FUT3 pathways, suggesting that strain sensitivity to human susceptibility alleles will vary.	Carbohydrates	73-85	fucosyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	182-186
18271619-12	2008	Using salivary and carbohydrate-binding assays, we showed that GII.4 VLP-carbohydrate ligand binding patterns have changed over time and include carbohydrates regulated by the human FUT2 and FUT3 pathways, suggesting that strain sensitivity to human susceptibility alleles will vary.	Carbohydrates	145-158	fucosyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	182-186
18005988-0	2008	Structural analysis of the human galectin-9 N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain reveals unexpected properties that differ from the mouse orthologue.	Carbohydrates	55-67	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	33-43
18005988-7	2008	Comparative frontal affinity chromatography analysis of the mouse and human galectin-9 NCRDs revealed different carbohydrate binding specificities, with disparate affinities for complex glycoconjugates.	Carbohydrates	112-124	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	76-86
19114407-0	2008	Clinical experience with a relatively low carbohydrate, calorie-restricted diet improves insulin sensitivity and associated metabolic abnormalities in overweight, insulin resistant South Asian Indian women.	Carbohydrates	42-54	insulin	Homo sapiens	89-96
19114407-0	2008	Clinical experience with a relatively low carbohydrate, calorie-restricted diet improves insulin sensitivity and associated metabolic abnormalities in overweight, insulin resistant South Asian Indian women.	Carbohydrates	42-54	insulin	Homo sapiens	163-170
18020966-1	2008	Incretins such as glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) are intestinal hormones that are released in response to ingestion of nutrients, especially carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	197-209	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	18-62
18024528-0	2008	Screening using serum percentage of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin for congenital disorders of glycosylation in children with suspected metabolic disease.	Carbohydrates	36-48	transferrin	Homo sapiens	59-70
18024528-2	2008	Here we present our experience of CDG screening in children with a suspected metabolic disease by determination of serum percentage of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (%CDT) in tandem with isoelectric focusing (IEF) analysis of Tf and alpha(1)-antitrypsin (alpha(1)-AT).	Carbohydrates	135-147	transferrin	Homo sapiens	158-169
19141969-1	2008	This study aimed at evaluating the relationships among pathologies and methods employed to detect transglutaminase (tTG) and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in 33 celiac subjects presenting either high or low levels of tTG.	Carbohydrates	125-137	transferrin	Homo sapiens	148-159
18020966-1	2008	Incretins such as glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) are intestinal hormones that are released in response to ingestion of nutrients, especially carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	197-209	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	64-67
18020966-1	2008	Incretins such as glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) are intestinal hormones that are released in response to ingestion of nutrients, especially carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	197-209	glucagon	Homo sapiens	73-96
18020966-1	2008	Incretins such as glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) are intestinal hormones that are released in response to ingestion of nutrients, especially carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	197-209	glucagon	Homo sapiens	98-103
17931955-5	2008	TNFalpha-induced apoptosis or TGFbeta-induced cell differentiation and proliferation had significant effects on both cell surface carbohydrates and glycosyltransferase activities of osteoblasts and osteosarcoma cells.	Carbohydrates	130-143	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	0-8
18070108-9	2008	In the absence of the carbohydrate moiety, activin receptor type I-mediated signaling of BMP-6 is totally diminished.	Carbohydrates	22-34	bone morphogenetic protein 6	Homo sapiens	89-94
17931955-5	2008	TNFalpha-induced apoptosis or TGFbeta-induced cell differentiation and proliferation had significant effects on both cell surface carbohydrates and glycosyltransferase activities of osteoblasts and osteosarcoma cells.	Carbohydrates	130-143	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	30-37
17947500-1	2008	Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is an important regulator of carbohydrate oxidation during exercise, and its activity can be downregulated by an increase in dietary fat.	Carbohydrates	58-70	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	0-22
17910894-2	2008	This carbohydrate moiety expressed on mucin-like surface glycoproteins, including P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 and CD43, confers binding activity to dermal endothelial E-selectin and is critical for T-cell recruitment to the skin.	Carbohydrates	5-17	sialophorin	Homo sapiens	119-123
17947500-1	2008	Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is an important regulator of carbohydrate oxidation during exercise, and its activity can be downregulated by an increase in dietary fat.	Carbohydrates	58-70	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	24-27
18288283-1	2008	Gene expression data obtained in mouse heart indicate that increased expression for the nuclear receptor, peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), prompts the postnatal transition from predominantly carbohydrate to fatty acid oxidation preference.	Carbohydrates	221-233	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	157-166
18429758-11	2008	The state of carbohydrate metabolism was assessed with the help of determination of HBA1C level and test with nutritional load given as of common breakfast -- 2-3 in the course of which fasting and postprandial level (in 2 hours after breakfast) of glucose (GLC), and fasting insulin and C-peptide.	Carbohydrates	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	276-283
18078869-1	2008	The benefits of long-term effects of growth hormone (GH) substitution on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in GH-deficient (GHD) adults are still controversial.	Carbohydrates	73-85	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	37-51
18078869-1	2008	The benefits of long-term effects of growth hormone (GH) substitution on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in GH-deficient (GHD) adults are still controversial.	Carbohydrates	73-85	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	53-55
19023424-5	2008	The SAP protein contains two N-terminal carbohydrate-binding motifs, followed by a catalytic domain and a C-terminal LPXTG cell wall-anchoring domain.	Carbohydrates	40-52	SH2 domain containing 1A	Homo sapiens	4-7
17901467-3	2008	A rabbit antibody against bacterially produced recombinant LTIP detected two LTIP isoforms in plasma differing in carbohydrate content.	Carbohydrates	114-126	apolipoprotein F	Homo sapiens	59-63
17901467-3	2008	A rabbit antibody against bacterially produced recombinant LTIP detected two LTIP isoforms in plasma differing in carbohydrate content.	Carbohydrates	114-126	apolipoprotein F	Homo sapiens	77-81
18404972-1	2008	Growth hormone (GH) is involved in growth, and fat and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	55-67	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	0-14
18404972-1	2008	Growth hormone (GH) is involved in growth, and fat and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	55-67	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	16-18
17848554-6	2007	Degradation of SP-A and SP-D was associated with diminished binding to carbohydrates and to D. pteronyssinus 1 itself and diminished capacity to agglutinate bacteria.	Carbohydrates	71-84	surfactant associated protein D	Mus musculus	24-28
18473958-1	2008	Galectin LEC-1 isolated from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was the first galectin found in invertebrates and also the first tandem-repeat-type galectin identified, containing two homologous carbohydrate-binding sites.	Carbohydrates	196-208	Galectin	Caenorhabditis elegans	0-8
18473958-1	2008	Galectin LEC-1 isolated from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was the first galectin found in invertebrates and also the first tandem-repeat-type galectin identified, containing two homologous carbohydrate-binding sites.	Carbohydrates	196-208	Galectin	Caenorhabditis elegans	149-157
17852805-4	2008	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin is the only test approved by the FDA for the identification of heavy alcohol use.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
19105412-1	2008	AIM: To examine antihypertensive activity, heart rate variability (HRV) and carbohydrate metabolism of ACE inhibitor lisinopril in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS).	Carbohydrates	76-88	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	103-106
18056392-10	2007	Binding of exogenous or endogenous carbohydrate ligands(s) to CD66b may be important in the release of proinflammatory mediators by human eosinophils.	Carbohydrates	35-47	CEA cell adhesion molecule 8	Homo sapiens	62-67
18052213-1	2007	Aldose-1-epimerase (mutarotase) catalyzes the interconversion of alpha and beta hexoses, which is essential for normal carbohydrate metabolism and the production of complex oligosaccharides.	Carbohydrates	119-131	galactose mutarotase	Homo sapiens	0-18
17950701-0	2007	Analyses of carbohydrate binding property of lectin-chaperone calreticulin.	Carbohydrates	12-24	calreticulin	Homo sapiens	62-74
18042933-10	2007	Tumors from mice on the high carbohydrate-high fat diet had higher levels of activated AKT and modestly higher insulin receptor levels than tumors from mice on the low carbohydrate-high fat diet.	Carbohydrates	29-41	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	87-90
18059588-0	2007	Effect of timing of energy and carbohydrate replacement on post-exercise insulin action.	Carbohydrates	31-43	insulin	Homo sapiens	73-80
18059588-2	2007	The purpose of this study was to determine how timing energy and carbohydrate replacement proximate to an exercise bout influences exercise-enhanced insulin action.	Carbohydrates	65-77	insulin	Homo sapiens	149-156
18059588-12	2007	A bout of exercise enhances insulin action even when expended energy and carbohydrate are replaced.	Carbohydrates	73-85	insulin	Homo sapiens	28-35
18059588-13	2007	Further, timing of energy and carbohydrate consumption subtly modulates the effectiveness of exercise to enhance insulin action.	Carbohydrates	30-42	insulin	Homo sapiens	113-120
17855730-5	2007	Ovine and caprine LGALS15 were highly homologous at the mRNA (95%) and protein (91%) levels, and all contained a conserved carbohydrate recognition domain and RGD recognition sequence for integrin binding.	Carbohydrates	123-135	lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 15	Capra hircus	18-25
18377783-5	2007	These studies should take into consideration that patients with insulin resistance syndromes would be the most likely group to benefit from carbohydrate restriction.	Carbohydrates	140-152	insulin	Homo sapiens	64-71
17920054-0	2007	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) as a biochemical tool for the screening of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs).	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
17920054-2	2007	DESIGN AND METHODS: Serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) of pediatric and adult patients (a total of 168 individuals) with neurological symptoms was analyzed.	Carbohydrates	26-38	transferrin	Homo sapiens	49-60
17898989-7	2007	Insulin sensitivity was reduced by 38% in brothers (p &lt; 0.001), and this was primarily due to a 65% decrease in insulin-stimulated non-oxidative carbohydrate metabolism (p &lt; 0.001).	Carbohydrates	148-160	insulin	Homo sapiens	115-122
17988980-0	2007	[Pathologic significance of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin].	Carbohydrates	28-40	transferrin	Homo sapiens	51-62
18162013-2	2007	Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, serves as a central regulatory protein in many of the physiologic pathways controlling lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	140-152	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	0-11
17717069-1	2007	The liver X receptors (LXRalpha and beta) are nuclear receptors that coordinate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	80-92	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3	Rattus norvegicus	23-40
17992181-9	2007	Failure to emphasize the need for carbohydrate to be derived principally from wholegrain cereals, fruits, vegetables and legumes may result in increased lipoprotein-mediated risk of cardiovascular disease, especially in overweight and obese individuals who are insulin resistant.	Carbohydrates	34-46	insulin	Homo sapiens	261-268
18156658-0	2007	Effect of carbohydrate intake during recovery from eccentric exercise on interleukin-6 and muscle-damage markers.	Carbohydrates	10-22	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	73-86
18156658-1	2007	The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether carbohydrate supplementation during the first 2 d postexercise recovery influenced the inflammation (IL-6, C-reactive protein [CRP], and cortisol) and muscle-damage responses.	Carbohydrates	59-71	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	160-164
17918767-2	2007	Although the TIP domain forms a loop structure in the native TNF-alpha protein, we show in this study by high-resolution ESI-FTICR mass spectrometry that a homologous linear heptadecapeptide (TIP17rd; 1) binds with comparable affinity to chitobiose, suggesting that cyclisation is not essential for carbohydrate binding.	Carbohydrates	299-311	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	61-70
17919658-2	2007	Here, we present evidence that Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18, CR-3) is a major neutrophil glycoprotein decorated with sLe(x) and ligation of these carbohydrate moieties by anti-sLe(x) antibody significantly impairs neutrophil functions.	Carbohydrates	135-147	integrin subunit beta 2	Homo sapiens	44-48
17991643-2	2007	OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to determine which aspects of dietary carbohydrate, specifically dietary sugar, fiber, glycemic index, or glycemic load, are associated with adiposity and insulin dynamics in overweight Latino children.	Carbohydrates	80-92	insulin	Homo sapiens	197-204
17918969-1	2007	We report the use of desorption electrospray ionization hybrid Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (DESI-FT-ICR-MS) for the analysis of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	160-173	desumoylating isopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	124-128
17997840-1	2007	BACKGROUND: Ingestion of carbohydrate (CHO) and protein (PRO) following intense exercise has been reported to increase insulin levels, optimize glycogen resynthesis, enhance PRO synthesis, and lessen the immuno-suppressive effects of intense exercise.	Carbohydrates	25-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	119-126
17711992-2	2007	GLUT4 null mice exhibit altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in liver and skeletal muscle.	Carbohydrates	32-44	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4	Mus musculus	0-5
17711992-9	2007	These studies also demonstrate that the type and amount of substrate that muscle takes up and metabolizes, determined in part by GLUT4 expression levels, play a major role in directing hepatic carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	193-205	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4	Mus musculus	129-134
17965306-0	2007	Monounsaturated fat rich diet prevents central body fat distribution and decreases postprandial adiponectin expression induced by a carbohydrate-rich diet in insulin-resistant subjects: response to Paniagua et al.	Carbohydrates	132-144	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	96-107
17726146-10	2007	In summary, these are the first noninvasive measurements illustrating a selective PPARdelta-mediated decrease in muscle lipid content that was consistent with a shift in metabolic substrate utilization from carbohydrate to lipid.	Carbohydrates	207-219	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta	Rattus norvegicus	82-91
18089947-7	2007	SUMMARY: States of insulin resistance are characterized by defects in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	80-92	insulin	Homo sapiens	19-26
17951499-3	2007	Slowly absorbed or lente carbohydrate sources may reduce postprandial glucose surges and the need for insulin with important implications for lowering coronary heart disease risk and reducing diabetes incidence.	Carbohydrates	25-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	102-109
18028011-4	2007	E-selectin, along with L- or P-selectin, mediates cell tethering and rolling interactions through the recognition of sialo-fucosylated Lewis carbohydrates expressed on structurally diverse protein-lipid ligands on circulating leukocytes or tumor cells.	Carbohydrates	141-154	selectin, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	0-10
18028011-4	2007	E-selectin, along with L- or P-selectin, mediates cell tethering and rolling interactions through the recognition of sialo-fucosylated Lewis carbohydrates expressed on structurally diverse protein-lipid ligands on circulating leukocytes or tumor cells.	Carbohydrates	141-154	selectin, platelet	Mus musculus	29-39
18028011-7	2007	Antagonists that target cellular interactions with E-selectin and other members of the selectin family, including neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, competitive ligand inhibitors or metabolic carbohydrate mimetics, exemplify a growing arsenal of potentially effective therapeutics in controlling inflammation and the metastatic behavior of cancer.	Carbohydrates	193-205	selectin, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	51-61
17596918-4	2007	METHODS: The consumption of substances was investigated using biological measures (urine cotinine, cannabis, opiates, cocaine, amphetamines and barbiturates; blood carbohydrate-deficient transferrin [CDT] and gamma-glutamyl transferase [GGT]) in 486 consecutively admitted psychiatric patients, one day following their hospitalization.	Carbohydrates	164-176	transferrin	Homo sapiens	187-198
17890318-1	2007	beta1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 (beta3GnT2) is a polylactosamine synthase that synthesizes a backbone structure of carbohydrate structures onto glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	125-137	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Mus musculus	0-41
18265556-7	2007	Besides, administration of ST produced in the mollusc muscles an attenuation of regulation by insulin of carbohydrate metabolism enzyme (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycogensynthase).	Carbohydrates	105-117	insulin	Homo sapiens	94-101
17954208-3	2007	As part of the workup, isoelectric focusing for congenital disorders of glycosylation showed carbohydrate-deficient transferrin with the mono-oligo/dioligo ratio of 0.700 (normal, 0.075-0.109), indicating an increased level of abnormally glycosylated transferrin.	Carbohydrates	93-105	transferrin	Homo sapiens	116-127
17954208-3	2007	As part of the workup, isoelectric focusing for congenital disorders of glycosylation showed carbohydrate-deficient transferrin with the mono-oligo/dioligo ratio of 0.700 (normal, 0.075-0.109), indicating an increased level of abnormally glycosylated transferrin.	Carbohydrates	93-105	transferrin	Homo sapiens	251-262
17890318-1	2007	beta1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 (beta3GnT2) is a polylactosamine synthase that synthesizes a backbone structure of carbohydrate structures onto glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	125-137	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Mus musculus	43-52
19227596-2	2007	By the modification of the molecule"s carbohydrate moiety or structure a longer duration of erythropoietin receptor stimulation was achieved.	Carbohydrates	38-50	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	92-106
22557265-5	2007	It was observed that the nut milk extract contains flavanoids, phenols and carbohydrates and the drug was effective against lead acetate induced toxicity.	Carbohydrates	75-88	NUT midline carcinoma, family member 1	Rattus norvegicus	25-28
17605083-2	2007	Diet may relate to colorectal cancer through this mechanism, for example, diets high in glycemic index, glycemic load and/or carbohydrate are hypothesized to increase insulin load and the risk of insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia.	Carbohydrates	125-137	insulin	Homo sapiens	167-174
17621595-10	2007	In conclusion, our data indicate that L-SIGN recognizes both oligomannosidic N-glycans and multiply fucosylated carbohydrate motifs within Schistosoma egg antigens, which demonstrates that L-SIGN has a broad but specific glycan recognition profile.	Carbohydrates	112-124	C-type lectin domain family 4 member M	Homo sapiens	38-44
17621595-10	2007	In conclusion, our data indicate that L-SIGN recognizes both oligomannosidic N-glycans and multiply fucosylated carbohydrate motifs within Schistosoma egg antigens, which demonstrates that L-SIGN has a broad but specific glycan recognition profile.	Carbohydrates	112-124	C-type lectin domain family 4 member M	Homo sapiens	189-195
17621593-3	2007	Therefore, we have compared structures and saccharide-binding specificities of hITLN-1 and mITLN-1 using recombinant proteins produced by mammalian cells.	Carbohydrates	43-53	intelectin 1 (galactofuranose binding)	Mus musculus	91-98
17878338-7	2007	We further demonstrate that CEA transfer requires a specific interaction with an unknown putative NK cell receptor and that carbohydrates are probably involved in CEA recognition and acquisition by NK cells.	Carbohydrates	124-137	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	163-166
17583689-9	2007	CONCLUSIONS: Individual changes in the carbohydrate metabolism achieved by a lifestyle intervention program were displayed by fasting serum insulin concentrations and the HOMA-IR but not by fasting glucose measurement alone.	Carbohydrates	39-51	insulin	Homo sapiens	140-147
17727386-4	2007	More recently, short acting insulin analogues and insulin pumps have made the role of carb counting important and popular.	Carbohydrates	86-90	insulin	Homo sapiens	28-35
17727386-6	2007	It is also used, perhaps more commonly, to estimate carbohydrate intake and adjust insulin around mixed meals and snacks using insulin to carbohydrate ratio.	Carbohydrates	138-150	insulin	Homo sapiens	83-90
17955785-3	2007	In insulin therapy, the dose of insulin must be adjusted to the amount of utilizable carbohydrates consumed to achieve this goal.	Carbohydrates	85-98	insulin	Homo sapiens	3-10
17955785-3	2007	In insulin therapy, the dose of insulin must be adjusted to the amount of utilizable carbohydrates consumed to achieve this goal.	Carbohydrates	85-98	insulin	Homo sapiens	32-39
17762554-4	2007	RECENT FINDINGS: Recently, case fatality rates of acute pancreatitis have stabilized; carbohydrate-deficient transferrin was shown to predict alcoholic acute pancreatitis; idiopathic chronic pancreatitis or occult cholelithiasis have been associated with "recurrent acute pancreatitis" in most patients; and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator genetic mutations were frequently found (10-50%) in patients with recurrent acute pancreatitis.	Carbohydrates	86-98	transferrin	Homo sapiens	109-120
17762554-4	2007	RECENT FINDINGS: Recently, case fatality rates of acute pancreatitis have stabilized; carbohydrate-deficient transferrin was shown to predict alcoholic acute pancreatitis; idiopathic chronic pancreatitis or occult cholelithiasis have been associated with "recurrent acute pancreatitis" in most patients; and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator genetic mutations were frequently found (10-50%) in patients with recurrent acute pancreatitis.	Carbohydrates	86-98	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	308-359
17992268-3	2007	Galectin-3 is able to oligomerize and participate in multivalent interactions with cell surface and extracellular matrix glycans, through lectin-carbohydrate interactions, thus affecting cellular functions.	Carbohydrates	145-157	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	0-10
17498834-4	2007	Long-term, mild, regular jogging increases the action of insulin in both carbohydrate and lipid metabolism without influencing body mass index or maximal oxygen uptake.	Carbohydrates	73-85	insulin	Homo sapiens	57-64
17580315-0	2007	Intracellular sorting of galectin-8 based on carbohydrate fine specificity.	Carbohydrates	45-57	galectin-8	Cricetulus griseus	25-35
17580315-1	2007	Galectin-8 has two carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs), both of which bind beta-galactosides, but have different fine specificity for larger saccharides.	Carbohydrates	19-31	galectin-8	Cricetulus griseus	0-10
17586539-5	2007	A VIP36 mutant with defective lectin activity was also proficient for the coimmunoprecipitation of an equivalent amount of BiP, indicating that the interaction between VIP36 and BiP was carbohydrate-independent.	Carbohydrates	186-198	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Homo sapiens	178-181
17624545-2	2007	The objective of this study is to investigate the insulin and glucose responses to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) following a high intensity bout of either EE or RE followed by post-exercise carbohydrate-protein hydrolysate ingestion.	Carbohydrates	198-210	insulin	Homo sapiens	50-57
17715356-4	2007	At the presymptomatic stage (60 d), MNs extracted from SOD1 G93A mice show a significant increase in expression of genes subserving both transcriptional and translational functions, as well as lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, mitochondrial preprotein translocation, and respiratory chain function, suggesting activation of a strong cellular adaptive response.	Carbohydrates	203-215	superoxide dismutase 1, soluble	Mus musculus	55-59
17466552-5	2007	On the other hand, the injection of GLP-1 significantly decreased respiratory quotient, suggesting that brain GLP-1 shifted the use of energy sources from carbohydrates to lipids.	Carbohydrates	155-168	glucagon	Homo sapiens	36-41
17466552-5	2007	On the other hand, the injection of GLP-1 significantly decreased respiratory quotient, suggesting that brain GLP-1 shifted the use of energy sources from carbohydrates to lipids.	Carbohydrates	155-168	glucagon	Homo sapiens	110-115
17643264-6	2007	By contrast, consumption of an LFD (i.e., high carbohydrate) increased hypothalamic AgRP and suppressed adipose leptin, which is consistent with the notion that leptin could regulate AgRP centrally.	Carbohydrates	47-59	agouti related neuropeptide	Mus musculus	84-88
17643264-6	2007	By contrast, consumption of an LFD (i.e., high carbohydrate) increased hypothalamic AgRP and suppressed adipose leptin, which is consistent with the notion that leptin could regulate AgRP centrally.	Carbohydrates	47-59	agouti related neuropeptide	Mus musculus	183-187
17630779-6	2007	The binding of mAb 5F1 to ACE is carbohydrate-dependent and increased significantly as a result of altered glycosylation after treatment with alpha-glucosidase-1 inhibitor, N-butyldeoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ), or neuraminidase.	Carbohydrates	33-45	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	26-29
17572886-4	2007	Recently, special interest has been paid to carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT), the most important biological marker of chronic alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	44-56	transferrin	Homo sapiens	67-78
17688664-2	2007	The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of the carbohydrate component of a protein-rich mixed meal on postprandial plasma concentrations of 21 amino acids, insulin and C-peptide in patients with compensated liver cirrhosis.	Carbohydrates	60-72	insulin	Homo sapiens	169-176
17785697-4	2007	The GH/IGF-I axis is involved in the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	51-63	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	7-12
17688664-2	2007	The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of the carbohydrate component of a protein-rich mixed meal on postprandial plasma concentrations of 21 amino acids, insulin and C-peptide in patients with compensated liver cirrhosis.	Carbohydrates	60-72	insulin	Homo sapiens	181-190
17688664-7	2007	The ingestion of a protein-rich meal without additional carbohydrates led to a significantly greater increase of insulin and C-peptide in the cirrhotic patients compared to controls.	Carbohydrates	56-69	insulin	Homo sapiens	113-120
17688664-7	2007	The ingestion of a protein-rich meal without additional carbohydrates led to a significantly greater increase of insulin and C-peptide in the cirrhotic patients compared to controls.	Carbohydrates	56-69	insulin	Homo sapiens	125-134
17688664-9	2007	The addition of carbohydrates led to higher insulin and C-peptide plasma concentrations in cirrhotic patients.	Carbohydrates	16-29	insulin	Homo sapiens	44-51
17688664-9	2007	The addition of carbohydrates led to higher insulin and C-peptide plasma concentrations in cirrhotic patients.	Carbohydrates	16-29	insulin	Homo sapiens	56-65
17669269-1	2007	Mouse ficolin A is a plasma protein with lectin activity, and plays a role in host defense by binding carbohydrates, especially GlcNAc, on microorganisms.	Carbohydrates	102-115	ficolin A	Mus musculus	6-15
17728504-0	2007	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin as a marker of heavy drinking in Korean males.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
17728504-1	2007	This study was performed to evaluate the usefulness of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) as a marker of heavy drinking in Korean males.	Carbohydrates	55-67	transferrin	Homo sapiens	78-89
17640906-5	2007	These data demonstrate that insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, due to decreased muscle glycogen synthesis, can promote atherogenic dyslipidemia by changing the pattern of ingested carbohydrate away from skeletal muscle glycogen synthesis into hepatic de novo lipogenesis, resulting in an increase in plasma triglyceride concentrations and a reduction in plasma high-density lipoprotein concentrations.	Carbohydrates	184-196	insulin	Homo sapiens	28-35
17786185-5	2007	Two carbohydrate-based Gal-3 inhibitors, modified citrus pectin (MCP) and lactulosyl-l-leucine (LL), caused a dose-dependent reduction of SVR murine ASA cell clonogenic survival through the inhibition of Gal-3 antiapoptotic function.	Carbohydrates	4-16	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	23-28
17786185-5	2007	Two carbohydrate-based Gal-3 inhibitors, modified citrus pectin (MCP) and lactulosyl-l-leucine (LL), caused a dose-dependent reduction of SVR murine ASA cell clonogenic survival through the inhibition of Gal-3 antiapoptotic function.	Carbohydrates	4-16	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	204-209
17646401-9	2007	Finally, we show that laforins and SEX4 dephosphorylate a complex carbohydrate and form the only family of phosphatases with this activity.	Carbohydrates	66-78	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	35-39
17631479-0	2007	[Level of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin according to age and gender in the Hungarian population].	Carbohydrates	10-22	transferrin	Homo sapiens	33-44
17631479-3	2007	In these cases the carbohydrate-deficient transferrin can be the most reliable indicator.	Carbohydrates	19-31	transferrin	Homo sapiens	42-53
17384344-0	2007	Monounsaturated fat-rich diet prevents central body fat distribution and decreases postprandial adiponectin expression induced by a carbohydrate-rich diet in insulin-resistant subjects.	Carbohydrates	132-144	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	96-107
17608422-1	2007	The Lewis X (LeX) determinant, a trisaccharide with the carbohydrate sequence Galbeta(1--&gt;4)[Fucalpha(1--&gt;3)]GlcNAcbeta, is believed to be responsible for Ca2+-mediated cell-cell interactions.	Carbohydrates	56-68	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	4-11
17608422-1	2007	The Lewis X (LeX) determinant, a trisaccharide with the carbohydrate sequence Galbeta(1--&gt;4)[Fucalpha(1--&gt;3)]GlcNAcbeta, is believed to be responsible for Ca2+-mediated cell-cell interactions.	Carbohydrates	56-68	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	13-16
17901036-1	2007	The physiologic effects of insulin on carbohydrate metabolism in health in general and in diabetes are well known.	Carbohydrates	38-50	insulin	Homo sapiens	27-34
17936959-0	2007	Effects of high-carbohydrate and high fat diet on formation of foam cells and expression of TNF-alpha in Rattus novergicus.	Carbohydrates	16-28	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	92-101
17456639-6	2007	GH increased serum IGF-I and procollagens I and III, enhanced whole body lipid oxidation, reduced carbohydrate oxidation, and stimulated protein synthesis.	Carbohydrates	98-110	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	0-2
17663761-11	2007	While no experiment exists that measures all relevant variables, the model is supported by evidence in the literature that 1) dietary carbohydrate, via its effect on hormone levels controls fatty acid flux and oxidation, 2) the rate of lipolysis is a primary target of insulin, postprandial, and 3) chronic carbohydrate-restricted diets reduce the levels of plasma TAG in response to a single meal.	Carbohydrates	134-146	insulin	Homo sapiens	269-276
17663761-11	2007	While no experiment exists that measures all relevant variables, the model is supported by evidence in the literature that 1) dietary carbohydrate, via its effect on hormone levels controls fatty acid flux and oxidation, 2) the rate of lipolysis is a primary target of insulin, postprandial, and 3) chronic carbohydrate-restricted diets reduce the levels of plasma TAG in response to a single meal.	Carbohydrates	307-319	insulin	Homo sapiens	269-276
17467678-0	2007	Analytical evaluation of a new capillary electrophoresis method for carbohydrate-deficient transferrin measurement.	Carbohydrates	68-80	transferrin	Homo sapiens	91-102
17467678-1	2007	BACKGROUND: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), the sum of a- and disialotransferrin, is considered the most efficient routine biological marker of alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
17384344-0	2007	Monounsaturated fat-rich diet prevents central body fat distribution and decreases postprandial adiponectin expression induced by a carbohydrate-rich diet in insulin-resistant subjects.	Carbohydrates	132-144	insulin	Homo sapiens	158-165
17893999-14	2007	CEA, CA19-9, CA125, and CA15-3 contain carbohydrate motifs and thus they may be involved in synovitis-associated adhesive events.	Carbohydrates	39-51	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
17452746-5	2007	Fasted mice that were refed with a high-carbohydrate diet presented an increased expression of HMOX1 and p55 gamma in the liver.	Carbohydrates	40-52	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	95-100
18428410-9	2007	Hypoglycosylated Trf, also known as carbohydrate-deficient Trf (CDT), can be detected using mass spectrometry (MS) to measure the masses of the serum Trf.	Carbohydrates	36-48	transferrin	Homo sapiens	17-20
18428410-9	2007	Hypoglycosylated Trf, also known as carbohydrate-deficient Trf (CDT), can be detected using mass spectrometry (MS) to measure the masses of the serum Trf.	Carbohydrates	36-48	transferrin	Homo sapiens	59-62
18428410-9	2007	Hypoglycosylated Trf, also known as carbohydrate-deficient Trf (CDT), can be detected using mass spectrometry (MS) to measure the masses of the serum Trf.	Carbohydrates	36-48	transferrin	Homo sapiens	59-62
17535296-0	2007	Tumor suppressor p16INK4a--modulator of glycomic profile and galectin-1 expression to increase susceptibility to carbohydrate-dependent induction of anoikis in pancreatic carcinoma cells.	Carbohydrates	113-125	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Homo sapiens	17-25
17340198-0	2007	Structural differences between the putative carbohydrate-recognition domains of human IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-1 receptor antagonist obtained by in silico modeling.	Carbohydrates	44-56	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	98-107
17340198-2	2007	J Biol Chem 276 (2001) 5685-5691), it was established that biologically active recombinant human IL-1alpha and IL-1beta had different carbohydrate-binding properties.	Carbohydrates	134-146	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	111-119
17340198-4	2007	These different carbohydrate-binding properties of two interleukins binding to the same receptor (IL-1R) could explain why these molecules had different biological effects and cell specificities.	Carbohydrates	16-28	interleukin 1 receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	98-103
17340198-5	2007	Molecular modeling of the ligands and in silico docking experiments defined putative carbohydrate-recognition domains localized in the same area of the two molecules, a domain different from that defined as the type I IL-1R binding domain.	Carbohydrates	85-97	interleukin 1 receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	218-223
17983553-1	2007	Insulin controls carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	17-29	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
17457694-7	2007	Data available in two patients showed that following the fructose restriction the type I pattern of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin detectable on fructose-containing diet disappeared after 3-4 weeks.	Carbohydrates	100-112	transferrin	Homo sapiens	123-134
17412797-0	2007	Development and multicenter evaluation of the N latex CDT direct immunonephelometric assay for serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin.	Carbohydrates	101-113	transferrin	Homo sapiens	124-135
17412797-1	2007	BACKGROUND: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is a promising biomarker of alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
17567458-1	2007	Fatty liver is closely related to the development of the insulin resistance syndrome that largely results from abnormal insulin signaling in three major organs: (i) skeletal muscle in which insulin sensitivity depends on fat content and metabolic activity (exercise); (ii) adipose tissue, which serves as a reservoir of energy in the form of triglycerides; and (iii) the liver, which variably serves as a source or storage site of carbohydrates and lipids.	Carbohydrates	431-444	insulin	Homo sapiens	57-64
17667864-6	2007	Furthermore, an exciting development in this field has been the discovery of CB1 receptors in many peripheral tissues, including key organs involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism such as the adipose tissue and liver.	Carbohydrates	152-164	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	77-80
17537973-3	2007	TNR is a major extracellular matrix glycoprotein of the CNS and carries the HNK-1 carbohydrate (human natural killer cell glycan), which has been identified as the functional epitope mediating regulation of GABAergic transmission via GABA(B) receptors.	Carbohydrates	82-94	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	76-81
17605314-1	2007	The effect of insulin on the regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase C (PEPCK-C) gene transcription, while pivotal for control of carbohydrate metabolism, constitutes only a small part of its overall action in cellular processes.	Carbohydrates	138-150	insulin	Homo sapiens	14-21
17188513-0	2007	Carbohydrate binding properties and carbohydrate induced conformational switch in sheep secretory glycoprotein (SPS-40): crystal structures of four complexes of SPS-40 with chitin-like oligosaccharides.	Carbohydrates	0-12	chitinase-3-like protein 1	Ovis aries	161-167
17188513-0	2007	Carbohydrate binding properties and carbohydrate induced conformational switch in sheep secretory glycoprotein (SPS-40): crystal structures of four complexes of SPS-40 with chitin-like oligosaccharides.	Carbohydrates	36-48	chitinase-3-like protein 1	Ovis aries	112-118
17188513-0	2007	Carbohydrate binding properties and carbohydrate induced conformational switch in sheep secretory glycoprotein (SPS-40): crystal structures of four complexes of SPS-40 with chitin-like oligosaccharides.	Carbohydrates	36-48	chitinase-3-like protein 1	Ovis aries	161-167
17188513-4	2007	The results indicate that the most preferred recognition region in the carbohydrate binding groove in SPS-40 is at subsites -4 to -2 among which subsite -2 provides the maximum interactions with carbohydrate residues.	Carbohydrates	71-83	chitinase-3-like protein 1	Ovis aries	102-108
17188513-4	2007	The results indicate that the most preferred recognition region in the carbohydrate binding groove in SPS-40 is at subsites -4 to -2 among which subsite -2 provides the maximum interactions with carbohydrate residues.	Carbohydrates	195-207	chitinase-3-like protein 1	Ovis aries	102-108
17188513-9	2007	It appears that SPS-40 may involve both carbohydrate and protein bindings.	Carbohydrates	40-52	chitinase-3-like protein 1	Ovis aries	16-22
17473202-6	2007	Insulin treatment for 193 +/- 139 days (mean +/- SD) significantly stimulated carbohydrate intake, decreased serum-free fatty acids, increased whole body fat, particularly in trunk and leg compartments, whereas fat-free lean tissue mass was unaffected.	Carbohydrates	78-90	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
17418800-1	2007	Carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) is a transcription factor that activates liver glycolytic and lipogenetic enzyme genes in response to high carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	162-174	MLX interacting protein-like	Rattus norvegicus	0-45
17418800-1	2007	Carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) is a transcription factor that activates liver glycolytic and lipogenetic enzyme genes in response to high carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	162-174	MLX interacting protein-like	Rattus norvegicus	47-53
17490981-10	2007	CONCLUSIONS: Dietary carbohydrate modification with rye and pasta or oat, wheat, and potato differentially modulates the gene expression profile in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue, even in the absence of weight loss.	Carbohydrates	21-33	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	60-65
17348701-6	2007	These results emphasize the possibility to conjugate mannose at position 6, allowing the incorporation of hydrophobic groups at the anomeric position to interact with hydrophobic residues in the carbohydrate recognition domain of DC-SIGN, increasing binding affinities.	Carbohydrates	195-207	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	230-237
17575578-0	2007	Fully automated analysis of Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin (CDT) by using a multicapillary electrophoresis system.	Carbohydrates	28-40	transferrin	Homo sapiens	51-62
17575578-1	2007	BACKGROUND: The techniques universally believed as most reliable for determination of Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin (CDT) are HPLC and capillary electrophoresis (CE).	Carbohydrates	86-98	transferrin	Homo sapiens	109-120
25905389-4	2000	Insulin is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis and regulating carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism ([ 3 ]) .	Carbohydrates	72-84	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
17303792-14	2007	This algorithm has the potential of drastically simplifying the determination of correct insulin-to-carbohydrate ratios.	Carbohydrates	100-112	insulin	Homo sapiens	89-96
17442953-5	2007	In human cells, contrary to results previously obtained in a rodent model, TNF seems not to be glycosylated and, thus, trafficking is carbohydrate independent.	Carbohydrates	134-146	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	75-78
17496119-1	2007	Five Arabidopsis thaliana genes that encode UDP-glucose 4-epimerase (UGE) and represent two ancient plant UGE clades might be involved in the regulation of cell wall carbohydrate biosynthesis.	Carbohydrates	166-178	UDP-glucose 4-epimerase	Arabidopsis thaliana	44-67
17496119-1	2007	Five Arabidopsis thaliana genes that encode UDP-glucose 4-epimerase (UGE) and represent two ancient plant UGE clades might be involved in the regulation of cell wall carbohydrate biosynthesis.	Carbohydrates	166-178	UDP-glucose 4-epimerase	Arabidopsis thaliana	69-72
17496119-1	2007	Five Arabidopsis thaliana genes that encode UDP-glucose 4-epimerase (UGE) and represent two ancient plant UGE clades might be involved in the regulation of cell wall carbohydrate biosynthesis.	Carbohydrates	166-178	UDP-glucose 4-epimerase	Arabidopsis thaliana	106-109
17303565-1	2007	Uridine diphosphate-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) represents a ubiquitous enzyme, which catalyzes the formation of UDP-glucose, a key metabolite of the carbohydrate pathways of all organisms.	Carbohydrates	157-169	UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase	Drosophila melanogaster	47-53
17388629-1	2007	In our efforts to design new anti-cancer vaccines based on the tumor associated carbohydrate antigen dimeric Lex, we have synthesized the fragment GlcNAc-beta-(1--&gt;3)-Gal-beta-(1--&gt;4)-GlcNAc-beta-(1--&gt;O)-Me.	Carbohydrates	80-92	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	109-112
17530971-3	2007	The purpose of this study was to examine if a bout of resistance exercise performed 14 hours before ingestion of a carbohydrate-rich meal might reduce the postprandial increment in blood glucose and plasma insulin concentration.	Carbohydrates	115-127	insulin	Homo sapiens	206-213
17324926-5	2007	Based on these findings, we inferred that an MBP-like lectin with slightly or completely different carbohydrate binding specificity might exist in newborn piglet serum and be responsible for the C1q-independent bactericidal activity.	Carbohydrates	99-111	myelin basic protein	Sus scrofa	45-48
17511610-3	2007	It is demonstrated that canine lactoferrin resembles the human homolog in some physicochemical properties, i.e. molecular weight, carbohydrate presence, and conditions of protein-iron complex dissociation.	Carbohydrates	130-142	lactotransferrin	Canis lupus familiaris	31-42
17403369-2	2007	The major cellular mechanism that diminishes blood glucose when carbohydrates are ingested is insulin-stimulated glucose transport into skeletal muscle.	Carbohydrates	64-77	insulin	Homo sapiens	94-101
17031642-5	2007	Average number of carbohydrate molecules introduced per molecule of L NeuAc-TNFalpha and H NeuAc-TNFalpha were estimated to be 1.0 and 1.5, respectively.	Carbohydrates	18-30	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	76-84
17031642-5	2007	Average number of carbohydrate molecules introduced per molecule of L NeuAc-TNFalpha and H NeuAc-TNFalpha were estimated to be 1.0 and 1.5, respectively.	Carbohydrates	18-30	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	97-105
17291470-1	2007	BACKGROUND: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (asialo-+monosialo-+disialotransferrin, CDT) is currently the most specific laboratory marker of chronic alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
17223646-0	2007	Carbohydrate-recognition domains of galectin-9 are involved in intermolecular interaction with galectin-9 itself and other members of the galectin family.	Carbohydrates	0-12	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	36-46
17215257-3	2007	We have previously shown that the lectin domain of GalNAc-T4 modulates its substrate specificity to enable unique GalNAc-glycopeptide specificities and that this effect is selectively inhibitable by GalNAc; however, direct evidence of carbohydrate binding of GalNAc-transferase lectins has not been previously presented.	Carbohydrates	235-247	polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	51-60
17215257-4	2007	Here, we report the direct carbohydrate binding of two GalNAc-transferase lectin domains, GalNAc-T4 and GalNAc-T2, representing isoforms reported to have distinct glycopeptide activity (GalNAc-T4) and isoforms without apparent distinct GalNAc-glycopeptide specificity (GalNAc-T2).	Carbohydrates	27-39	polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	90-99
17215257-4	2007	Here, we report the direct carbohydrate binding of two GalNAc-transferase lectin domains, GalNAc-T4 and GalNAc-T2, representing isoforms reported to have distinct glycopeptide activity (GalNAc-T4) and isoforms without apparent distinct GalNAc-glycopeptide specificity (GalNAc-T2).	Carbohydrates	27-39	polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	104-113
17223646-0	2007	Carbohydrate-recognition domains of galectin-9 are involved in intermolecular interaction with galectin-9 itself and other members of the galectin family.	Carbohydrates	0-12	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	95-105
17215257-4	2007	Here, we report the direct carbohydrate binding of two GalNAc-transferase lectin domains, GalNAc-T4 and GalNAc-T2, representing isoforms reported to have distinct glycopeptide activity (GalNAc-T4) and isoforms without apparent distinct GalNAc-glycopeptide specificity (GalNAc-T2).	Carbohydrates	27-39	polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	186-195
17215257-4	2007	Here, we report the direct carbohydrate binding of two GalNAc-transferase lectin domains, GalNAc-T4 and GalNAc-T2, representing isoforms reported to have distinct glycopeptide activity (GalNAc-T4) and isoforms without apparent distinct GalNAc-glycopeptide specificity (GalNAc-T2).	Carbohydrates	27-39	polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	269-278
18271178-1	2007	The article presents results on the study on the state of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and a metabolic syndrome (MC), verified according to criteria NCEP ATP III (2001) in the presence of insulin resistance confirmed by HOMA-IR index Metabolic disorders were revealed both in patients with AH, and in patients with MC.	Carbohydrates	58-70	insulin	Homo sapiens	237-244
17536128-0	2007	Low carbohydrate, high fat diet increases C-reactive protein during weight loss.	Carbohydrates	4-16	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	42-60
17556873-11	2007	CONCLUSIONS: GH replacement therapy, acarbose and a diet low in simple carbohydrates resulted in the complete long-term (&gt;2 yr) remission of HypoPP episodes.	Carbohydrates	71-84	calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 S	Homo sapiens	144-150
17454835-1	2007	OBJECTIVES: Preoperative carbohydrate administration attenuates insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	25-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	64-71
17369538-7	2007	Insulin and glucagon increased after hatch, which may be due to increased feed consumption and increased utilization of carbohydrates as the key energy source, compared with nutrients obtained through lipolysis and proteolysis in the embryos.	Carbohydrates	120-133	insulin	Gallus gallus	0-7
17454835-10	2007	Glucose concentration was lower before anaesthesia induction in the carbohydrate group, possibly due to increased insulin release.	Carbohydrates	68-80	insulin	Homo sapiens	114-121
17451048-5	2007	Historically, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and liver were regarded as key insulin target organs involved in insulin-mediated regulation of peripheral carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism.	Carbohydrates	153-165	insulin	Homo sapiens	77-84
17451048-5	2007	Historically, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and liver were regarded as key insulin target organs involved in insulin-mediated regulation of peripheral carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism.	Carbohydrates	153-165	insulin	Homo sapiens	111-118
17496353-3	2007	The term Type 2 DM (T2DM) is used to denote diabetes resulting from a relative deficiency of insulin when insulin secretion is inadequate to overcome co-existent resistance to insulin action on carbohydrate, protein or fat metabolism; T2DM is most commonly associated with the prototypic insulin resistant state of obesity.	Carbohydrates	194-206	insulin	Homo sapiens	93-100
17090649-2	2007	VWF contains several carbohydrate structures, including O-linked glycans that primarily consist of sialylated T antigen (NeuAc(alpha2-3)Gal-(beta1-3)-[NeuAc(alpha2-6)]GalNAc).	Carbohydrates	21-33	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	0-3
17353170-1	2007	The measurement of CDT (Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin) is an essential biological tool in the diagnosis and follow-up of alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	24-36	transferrin	Homo sapiens	47-58
17494126-0	2007	Importance of carbohydrate exposure before and after conversion from intravenous insulin therapy to subcutaneous administration of insulin glargine.	Carbohydrates	14-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	81-88
17407501-2	2007	In this study we report validation of the two combinations DOVER (DOctor VERified) and QUVER (QUestionnarie VERified) of the biological markers percent carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (%CDT) and gamma-glutamyl-transferase (gamma-GT) to detect patients that have been identified by their physicians with at-risk drinking behavior.	Carbohydrates	152-164	transferrin	Homo sapiens	175-186
17138832-4	2007	Carbohydrate ingestion in study A resulted in a fourfold greater serum insulin area under the curve when compared with Con (P &lt; 0.001) and in a lower plasma TC concentration throughout the CHO visit (P &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	71-78
17133350-4	2007	Because low carbohydrates availability enhances IL-6 transcription through p38 Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathway, muscle glycogen content and glycaemia were measured and p38 MAPK phosphorylation was determined in skeletal muscle by western blotting.	Carbohydrates	12-25	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	48-52
17172644-1	2007	Hepatic lipogenesis is the principal route to convert excess carbohydrates into fatty acids and is mainly regulated by two opposing hormones, insulin and glucagon.	Carbohydrates	61-74	insulin	Homo sapiens	142-149
17682668-4	2007	As I/D polymorphism of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene can influence the activity of RAS, it may also influence both carbohydrate metabolism and blood pressure.	Carbohydrates	126-138	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	23-52
17682668-4	2007	As I/D polymorphism of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene can influence the activity of RAS, it may also influence both carbohydrate metabolism and blood pressure.	Carbohydrates	126-138	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	54-57
21768932-0	2007	Case studies of the utility of serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (%CDT) in the clinical management of alcoholics.	Carbohydrates	37-49	transferrin	Homo sapiens	60-71
21768932-1	2007	A laboratory test that measures the percentage of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (%CDT) has been approved by the FDA for the detection of heavy alcohol use.	Carbohydrates	50-62	transferrin	Homo sapiens	73-84
17315038-7	2007	IGF1 is a major gene target of growth hormone and its product mediates many of the actions of growth hormone on growth and development; however, IGF1 has actions distinct from those of growth hormone in carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism.	Carbohydrates	203-215	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
17315038-7	2007	IGF1 is a major gene target of growth hormone and its product mediates many of the actions of growth hormone on growth and development; however, IGF1 has actions distinct from those of growth hormone in carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism.	Carbohydrates	203-215	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	31-45
16889932-0	2007	Carbohydrate consumption during cycling increases in vitro NK cell responses to IL-2 and IFN-gamma.	Carbohydrates	0-12	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	80-84
16889932-0	2007	Carbohydrate consumption during cycling increases in vitro NK cell responses to IL-2 and IFN-gamma.	Carbohydrates	0-12	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	89-98
17439340-0	2007	Toward standardization of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) measurements: I. Analyte definition and proposal of a candidate reference method.	Carbohydrates	26-38	transferrin	Homo sapiens	49-60
17135452-5	2007	Only the GSL Pb-1 antigen, which presents the carbohydrate structure Galfbeta1-6(Manalpha1-3)Manbeta1, was reactive with the PCM patient sera.	Carbohydrates	46-58	cathepsin A	Homo sapiens	9-12
17321900-3	2007	In addition, DC-SIGN and L-SIGN possess a neck region, made up of a variable number of 23 amino acid tandem repeats, which plays a crucial role in the tetramerization of these proteins and support of the carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	204-216	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	13-20
17321900-3	2007	In addition, DC-SIGN and L-SIGN possess a neck region, made up of a variable number of 23 amino acid tandem repeats, which plays a crucial role in the tetramerization of these proteins and support of the carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	204-216	C-type lectin domain family 4 member M	Homo sapiens	25-31
17198396-13	2007	These results demonstrated the usefulness of this strategy in constructing human scFv against various carbohydrate antigens.	Carbohydrates	102-114	immunglobulin heavy chain variable region	Homo sapiens	81-85
16946080-1	2007	Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for carbohydrate (Mnic1) and total energy (Kcal2) intake on proximal mouse chromosome 17 were identified previously from a C57BL/6J (B6) X CAST/Ei (CAST) intercross.	Carbohydrates	34-46	macronutrient intake, carbohydrate 1	Mus musculus	48-53
17340066-0	2007	[Changes in carbohydrate metabolism and insulin resistance in patients with Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) under growth hormone therapy].	Carbohydrates	12-24	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	110-124
17340066-5	2007	The purpose of our study was to investigate incidence and multiple dependencies of development of impaired carbohydrate metabolism in patients with PWS under growth hormone therapy and to determine suitable parameters for the work-up.	Carbohydrates	107-119	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	158-172
17241464-9	2007	CONCLUSION: Our results illustrates that insulin and glucocorticoids, two hormones crucial in the carbohydrate metabolism, also play an important role in the regulation of genes central in reverse cholesterol transport.	Carbohydrates	98-110	insulin	Homo sapiens	41-48
16675046-7	2007	RESULTS: Postprandial increases in glucose and insulin were greater following the high-carbohydrate high-fat meal in both insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant subjects.	Carbohydrates	87-99	insulin	Homo sapiens	47-54
16675046-7	2007	RESULTS: Postprandial increases in glucose and insulin were greater following the high-carbohydrate high-fat meal in both insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant subjects.	Carbohydrates	87-99	insulin	Homo sapiens	122-129
16675046-9	2007	In insulin-sensitive subjects, the postprandial reduction (incremental area above the curve) in AIx was greater following the high-carbohydrate vs. low-carbohydrate high-fat meal (-6821+/-1089 vs. -3797+/-1171% x min, respectively, P=0.009).	Carbohydrates	131-143	insulin	Homo sapiens	3-10
17635072-11	2007	CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that the OLTT/OGTT insulin output ratio (NIOR) may be predictive for identifying individuals who are phenotypically susceptible to insulin resistance in response to high fat or carbohydrate in their habitual diet.	Carbohydrates	201-213	insulin	Homo sapiens	43-50
17439340-1	2007	An alcohol-associated change in the serum transferrin glycoform pattern, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), is used as a biomarker of chronic moderate to heavy alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	73-85	transferrin	Homo sapiens	42-53
17439340-1	2007	An alcohol-associated change in the serum transferrin glycoform pattern, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), is used as a biomarker of chronic moderate to heavy alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	73-85	transferrin	Homo sapiens	96-107
16973732-1	2007	The 3-fucosyl-N-acetyllactosamine [Lewis x (Le(x)), CD15, SSEA-1] carbohydrate structure is expressed on several glycolipids, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans of the nervous system and has been implicated in cell-cell recognition, neurite outgrowth, and neuronal migration during development.	Carbohydrates	66-78	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	52-56
17132647-0	2007	Carbohydrate nutrition, glycaemic load, and plasma lipids: the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	63-70
16973732-1	2007	The 3-fucosyl-N-acetyllactosamine [Lewis x (Le(x)), CD15, SSEA-1] carbohydrate structure is expressed on several glycolipids, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans of the nervous system and has been implicated in cell-cell recognition, neurite outgrowth, and neuronal migration during development.	Carbohydrates	66-78	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	58-64
17062764-0	2007	High-fat/low-carbohydrate diet reduces insulin-stimulated carbohydrate oxidation but stimulates nonoxidative glucose disposal in humans: An important role for skeletal muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4.	Carbohydrates	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	39-46
17284923-12	2007	The decrease in leptin and CRP levels were higher with a low-carbohydrate diet than a low-fat diet.	Carbohydrates	61-73	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	27-30
17484514-3	2007	The aim of study was to evaluate whether an impaired secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and/or glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) could play a role in the development of carbohydrate disorders during pregnancy.	Carbohydrates	196-208	glucagon	Homo sapiens	66-89
17484514-3	2007	The aim of study was to evaluate whether an impaired secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and/or glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) could play a role in the development of carbohydrate disorders during pregnancy.	Carbohydrates	196-208	glucagon	Homo sapiens	91-96
17484514-3	2007	The aim of study was to evaluate whether an impaired secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and/or glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) could play a role in the development of carbohydrate disorders during pregnancy.	Carbohydrates	196-208	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	105-149
17484514-3	2007	The aim of study was to evaluate whether an impaired secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and/or glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) could play a role in the development of carbohydrate disorders during pregnancy.	Carbohydrates	196-208	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	151-154
17166511-5	2007	We found that drosulfakinin I (DrmSKI, FDDY[SO(3)H]GHMRFa) significantly inhibited carbohydrate feeding by 44% at the most effective dose (10 nmol) in female flies.	Carbohydrates	83-95	Drosulfakinin	Drosophila melanogaster	14-27
17978747-2	2007	Sedentarity plays a key role in the development of insulin resistance and skeletal muscle of obese or type 2 diabetes patients shows several abnormalities of carbohydrate and fat metabolism.	Carbohydrates	158-170	insulin	Homo sapiens	51-58
17062764-0	2007	High-fat/low-carbohydrate diet reduces insulin-stimulated carbohydrate oxidation but stimulates nonoxidative glucose disposal in humans: An important role for skeletal muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4.	Carbohydrates	58-70	insulin	Homo sapiens	39-46
17502670-1	2007	DC-SIGN and L-SIGN are C-type lectins that recognize carbohydrate structures present on viral glycoproteins and function as attachment factors for several enveloped viruses.	Carbohydrates	53-65	C-type lectin domain family 4 member M	Homo sapiens	12-18
17161227-1	2007	Carbohydrate-restricted diets (CRDs) promote weight loss, reductions in plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) levels, and increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels but may cause undesirable low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) responses in some people.	Carbohydrates	0-12	component of oligomeric golgi complex 2	Homo sapiens	241-246
18175561-3	2007	Insulin resistance is one of the reasons of increasing carbohydrate metabolism disturbances with aging.	Carbohydrates	55-67	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
17056872-0	2007	Carbohydrate-binding agents efficiently prevent dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN)-directed HIV-1 transmission to T lymphocytes.	Carbohydrates	0-12	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	128-135
17056872-3	2007	Short preexposure of HIV-1 to carbohydrate-binding agents (CBA) dose dependently prevents the Raji/DC-SIGN cells from efficiently binding the virus particles, and no syncytia formation occurs upon subsequent cocultivation with C8166 cells.	Carbohydrates	30-42	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	99-106
16530268-6	2007	It also contains two carbohydrate recognition domains/C-type lectin-like domains (CRD1 and CRD2), which share 78% identity with each other.	Carbohydrates	21-33	CORD1	Homo sapiens	82-86
18159845-1	2007	INTRODUCTION: The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), a transcriptor factor, regulates immunological and metabolic processes, which are important for carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	176-188	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	18-66
18159845-1	2007	INTRODUCTION: The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), a transcriptor factor, regulates immunological and metabolic processes, which are important for carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	176-188	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	68-77
17365998-0	2007	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin determined in blood microsamples from healthy newborns by using capillary zone electrophoresis.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
17365998-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: There is a paucity of studies on quantitative determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in newborns.	Carbohydrates	74-86	transferrin	Homo sapiens	97-108
17236121-4	2007	In type 2 diabetes, as well as in liver disease, alterations in hepatic glucose metabolism like an increased post-absorptive glucose production together with diminished glucose uptake following carbohydrate ingestion occur, implying insulin resistance as a central pathological principle.	Carbohydrates	194-206	insulin	Homo sapiens	233-240
16704680-0	2006	Serum levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-III and their relation with carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 in cases of esophageal cancer.	Carbohydrates	89-101	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	16-21
17108241-3	2006	PGC-1alpha stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis and promotes the remodeling of muscle tissue to a fiber-type composition that is metabolically more oxidative and less glycolytic in nature, and it participates in the regulation of both carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	234-246	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	0-10
17010495-9	2006	Moreover, the N-terminal carbohydrate-binding domain contains a thrombin cleavage site, which is hidden in the simplest GST-fusion protein we produced, but was accessible after introducing a five-residue linker between the engineered cleavage site and the enzyme N-terminus.	Carbohydrates	25-37	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	64-72
17111351-2	2006	L-selectin mediates leukocyte rolling in inflamed microvessels and high endothelial venules (HEV) via binding to specific carbohydrate structures on selectin ligands.	Carbohydrates	122-134	selectin, lymphocyte	Mus musculus	0-10
17165810-1	2006	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) measurements are considered a reliable marker for chronic alcohol consumption, and its use is becoming extensive in forensic medicine.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
17178566-4	2006	Microbial carbohydrate structures are recognized by pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) receptors of innate immunity including C-type lectins such as MBL, the tandem-repeat-type macrophage mannose receptor, DC-SIGN or dectin-1 of dendritic cells, certain TLRS or the TCR of NKT cells.	Carbohydrates	10-22	mannose-binding lectin family member 3, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	159-162
17035350-4	2006	Interestingly, our data suggest that TNF contributes, through lectin-saccharide interaction, to the secretion of IL-6 and NO induced by CCF.	Carbohydrates	69-79	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	37-40
17035350-4	2006	Interestingly, our data suggest that TNF contributes, through lectin-saccharide interaction, to the secretion of IL-6 and NO induced by CCF.	Carbohydrates	69-79	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	113-117
17067352-1	2006	BACKGROUND: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) occurs as a higher percentage of normal transferrin (%CDT) in heavy drinkers.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	93-104
16984990-1	2006	CONTEXT: Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has well-known cardiovascular effects and modifies lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in humans.	Carbohydrates	103-115	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	9-35
16984990-1	2006	CONTEXT: Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has well-known cardiovascular effects and modifies lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in humans.	Carbohydrates	103-115	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	37-40
17405304-4	2006	It is distinguished by chronic hiperglycemia with the disorder of metabolism of carbohydrates, fat and proteins as a result of giving off defects and/or working insulin.	Carbohydrates	80-93	insulin	Homo sapiens	161-168
17067352-1	2006	BACKGROUND: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) occurs as a higher percentage of normal transferrin (%CDT) in heavy drinkers.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
16990264-0	2006	Crystal structure of the galectin-9 N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain from Mus musculus reveals the basic mechanism of carbohydrate recognition.	Carbohydrates	47-59	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 9	Mus musculus	25-35
16990264-0	2006	Crystal structure of the galectin-9 N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain from Mus musculus reveals the basic mechanism of carbohydrate recognition.	Carbohydrates	128-140	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 9	Mus musculus	25-35
16945425-0	2006	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and anorexia nervosa.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
16950882-2	2006	Recent studies have shown that nutritional mixtures containing protein hydrolysates, added leucine, and high-glycaemic carbohydrates greatly augment insulin secretion compared with high-glycaemic carbohydrates only.	Carbohydrates	119-132	insulin	Homo sapiens	149-156
16647242-9	2006	During exercise, with and without carbohydrate ingestion, plasma IL-6 increased 8- and 18-fold, respectively, and HSP72 increased 5-fold (P&lt;.05).	Carbohydrates	34-46	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	65-69
16647242-9	2006	During exercise, with and without carbohydrate ingestion, plasma IL-6 increased 8- and 18-fold, respectively, and HSP72 increased 5-fold (P&lt;.05).	Carbohydrates	34-46	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1A	Homo sapiens	114-119
16808909-0	2006	Argininosuccinate lyase deficiency (ASL) and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT): experience with four independent CDT analysis methods--misleading results given by the %CDT TIA assay.	Carbohydrates	45-57	transferrin	Homo sapiens	68-79
16808909-1	2006	BACKGROUND: Chronic liver disease can cause false-positive carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) results mimicking chronic alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	59-71	transferrin	Homo sapiens	82-93
17026486-6	2006	The CHGA dysglycaemic fragment pancreastatin is functional in humans in vivo, affecting both carbohydrate (glucose) and lipid (fatty acid) metabolism.	Carbohydrates	93-105	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	4-8
16960684-9	2006	CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: GW501516-induced activation of PPAR-delta reduces glucose utilisation by skeletal muscle through a switch in mitochondrial substrate preference from carbohydrate to lipid.	Carbohydrates	177-189	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
17228091-0	2006	Role of adiponectin in the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	41-53	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	8-19
16868247-1	2006	Galectin-8 and galectin-9, which each consist of two carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) joined by a linker peptide, belong to the tandem-repeat-type subclass of the galectin family.	Carbohydrates	53-65	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	15-25
17059798-5	2006	Most consistent are greater changes in high-density lipoprotein (HDL), HDL(2), and apolipoprotein A-I levels in women compared with men with high-carbohydrate or high-fat feeding.	Carbohydrates	146-158	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	83-101
17228091-4	2006	This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms underlying adiponectin effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle and liver.	Carbohydrates	82-94	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	59-70
17046547-6	2006	As part of an analysis of results previously published from this data set, 7 genes in the carbohydrate metabolism pathway changed in response to the HF/LCD, and 3 genes were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction: fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isoenzyme 4 (PDK4), and glycogen synthase 1 (muscle).	Carbohydrates	90-102	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isoenzyme 4	Mus musculus	288-330
17046547-6	2006	As part of an analysis of results previously published from this data set, 7 genes in the carbohydrate metabolism pathway changed in response to the HF/LCD, and 3 genes were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction: fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isoenzyme 4 (PDK4), and glycogen synthase 1 (muscle).	Carbohydrates	90-102	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isoenzyme 4	Mus musculus	332-336
17147059-5	2006	The increase in visceral fat favours the development of insulin resistance and its clinical consequences such as carbohydrate metabolism impairments and type 2 diabetes, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidaemia, leading to increased cardiovascular risk, among other complications.	Carbohydrates	113-125	insulin	Homo sapiens	56-63
17168301-5	2006	Preparations with high alpha-galactosidase activity were the most potent in hydrolyzing soluble carbohydrates from soybean flour.	Carbohydrates	96-109	alpha galactosidase	Glycine max	23-42
16897771-0	2006	Crystal structure of GlcAT-S, a human glucuronyltransferase, involved in the biosynthesis of the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope.	Carbohydrates	103-115	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	21-28
16897771-0	2006	Crystal structure of GlcAT-S, a human glucuronyltransferase, involved in the biosynthesis of the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope.	Carbohydrates	103-115	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	97-102
17079565-15	2006	We speculate that a high carbohydrate neonatal diet may lead to greater weight gain and a greater reduction in insulin sensitivity in this group.	Carbohydrates	25-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	111-118
16897771-2	2006	Two glucuronyltransferases (GlcAT-P and GlcAT-S) are involved in the biosynthesis of HNK-1 carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	91-103	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	85-90
17111682-0	2006	[Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin as the marker of alcohol abuse].	Carbohydrates	1-13	transferrin	Homo sapiens	24-35
16777120-0	2006	Capillary zone electrophoresis determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin using the new CEofix reagents under high-resolution conditions.	Carbohydrates	48-60	transferrin	Homo sapiens	71-82
16777120-3	2006	fused-silica capillary of 60 cm total length, an applied voltage of 20 kV and a capillary temperature of 30 degrees C results in 15 min CZE runs of high assay precision and thus provides a robust approach for the determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT, sum of asialo-Tf and disialo-Tf in relation to total Tf) in human serum.	Carbohydrates	230-242	transferrin	Homo sapiens	253-264
16777120-3	2006	fused-silica capillary of 60 cm total length, an applied voltage of 20 kV and a capillary temperature of 30 degrees C results in 15 min CZE runs of high assay precision and thus provides a robust approach for the determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT, sum of asialo-Tf and disialo-Tf in relation to total Tf) in human serum.	Carbohydrates	230-242	transferrin	Homo sapiens	285-287
16777120-3	2006	fused-silica capillary of 60 cm total length, an applied voltage of 20 kV and a capillary temperature of 30 degrees C results in 15 min CZE runs of high assay precision and thus provides a robust approach for the determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT, sum of asialo-Tf and disialo-Tf in relation to total Tf) in human serum.	Carbohydrates	230-242	transferrin	Homo sapiens	300-302
16777120-3	2006	fused-silica capillary of 60 cm total length, an applied voltage of 20 kV and a capillary temperature of 30 degrees C results in 15 min CZE runs of high assay precision and thus provides a robust approach for the determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT, sum of asialo-Tf and disialo-Tf in relation to total Tf) in human serum.	Carbohydrates	230-242	transferrin	Homo sapiens	300-302
16800817-3	2006	The glucose-regulated component of FAS promoter activation is mediated in part by ChREBP [ChoRE (carbohydrate response element)-binding protein], which binds to a ChoRE between -7300 and -7000 base-pairs in a carbohydrate-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	97-109	MLX interacting protein-like	Rattus norvegicus	82-88
16800817-3	2006	The glucose-regulated component of FAS promoter activation is mediated in part by ChREBP [ChoRE (carbohydrate response element)-binding protein], which binds to a ChoRE between -7300 and -7000 base-pairs in a carbohydrate-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	209-221	MLX interacting protein-like	Rattus norvegicus	82-88
16940046-2	2006	The synthesis of this unique carbohydrate polymer depends on the polysialyltransferases ST8SiaII and ST8SiaIV.	Carbohydrates	29-41	ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	101-109
17111682-4	2006	Among the different biomarkers of chronic alcohol abuse, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin is recognized world wide as the most reliable indicator.	Carbohydrates	57-69	transferrin	Homo sapiens	80-91
17111682-5	2006	The authors review the pathomechanism of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in the human organism, the methods for its measurement and its role in the diagnostic procedures of alcohol induced clinical diseases, as well as its decisive role for life insurance and in forensic medicine.	Carbohydrates	41-53	transferrin	Homo sapiens	64-75
17023708-8	2006	CONCLUSIONS: In obese, insulin-resistant persons, a calorie-restricted diet, moderately lower in carbohydrate and higher in unsaturated fat, is as efficacious as the traditional low-fat diet in producing weight loss and may be more beneficial in reducing markers for cardiovascular disease risk.	Carbohydrates	97-109	insulin	Homo sapiens	23-30
17023694-10	2006	Fat intake predicted ghrelin, insulin, and IGF-I concentrations; carbohydrate intake predicted adiponectin.	Carbohydrates	65-77	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	95-106
17002642-6	2006	ABO(H) carbohydrate antigenic determinants, however, are expressed on the N-linked glycan chains of circulating plasma VWF.	Carbohydrates	7-19	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	119-122
16790238-1	2006	BACKGROUND: Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is considered as an important cause for increased carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT).	Carbohydrates	94-106	transferrin	Homo sapiens	117-128
16968414-5	2006	PPARs, and in particular PPARalpha and PPARgamma, are well known for their critical role in the regulation of energy homeostasis by controlling expression of a variety of genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	199-211	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	39-48
16774908-0	2006	Novel carbohydrate-binding activity of bovine liver beta-glucuronidase toward lactose/N-acetyllactosamine sequences.	Carbohydrates	6-18	beta-glucuronidase	Bos taurus	52-70
16774908-3	2006	In this study, the effectiveness of various carbohydrate-immobilized adsorbents for the isolation of bovine liver beta-glucuronidase (BLG) from other glycosidases was tested.	Carbohydrates	44-56	beta-glucuronidase	Bos taurus	114-132
16774908-5	2006	Binding and elution studies demonstrated that the interaction of beta-glucuronidase with lactamyl-Sepharose is pH dependent and carbohydrate specific.	Carbohydrates	128-140	beta-glucuronidase	Bos taurus	65-83
16774908-10	2006	The biological significance of the carbohydrate-specific interaction of beta-glucuronidase, which is different from the substrate recognition, is discussed.	Carbohydrates	35-47	beta-glucuronidase	Bos taurus	72-90
17263084-1	2006	Carbohydrate is a preferred macronutrient of rats during the early dark phase and associated with an increase in norepinephrine (NE) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN).	Carbohydrates	0-12	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	137-151
17002642-7	2006	This review will focus on the carbohydrate structures of VWF and recent studies suggesting that subtle variations in these structures (particularly differences in ABO blood group antigen expression) may have clinically significant effects on VWF proteolysis and clearance.	Carbohydrates	30-42	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	57-60
16841351-2	2006	are human pathogens that utilize a novel beta-1,2-mannan as their major carbohydrate reserve material.	Carbohydrates	72-84	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 1	Homo sapiens	41-49
16684852-1	2006	Previous observations suggest that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is released into the bloodstream only when dietary carbohydrate enters the duodenum at rates that exceed the absorptive capacity of the proximal small intestine to contact GLP-1 bearing mucosa in more distal bowel.	Carbohydrates	118-130	glucagon	Homo sapiens	35-58
16684852-1	2006	Previous observations suggest that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is released into the bloodstream only when dietary carbohydrate enters the duodenum at rates that exceed the absorptive capacity of the proximal small intestine to contact GLP-1 bearing mucosa in more distal bowel.	Carbohydrates	118-130	glucagon	Homo sapiens	60-65
20527379-5	2006	Dietary intake of fats and carbohydrate, the resultant effects of plasma insulin, adipokine, and lipid concentrations, may affect cardiomyocyte size and function, particularly following cardiac injury or with chronic hypertension.	Carbohydrates	27-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	73-80
16964965-8	2006	Using transient transfection studies and deletion constructs of the human TXNIP promoter, we found that the effects of glucose and 3-MG were dependent on the same region of the TXNIP promoter containing an E-box repeat carbohydrate response element (ChoRE).	Carbohydrates	219-231	thioredoxin interacting protein	Homo sapiens	74-79
16964965-8	2006	Using transient transfection studies and deletion constructs of the human TXNIP promoter, we found that the effects of glucose and 3-MG were dependent on the same region of the TXNIP promoter containing an E-box repeat carbohydrate response element (ChoRE).	Carbohydrates	219-231	thioredoxin interacting protein	Homo sapiens	177-182
16876124-5	2006	High carbohydrate diet decreased the plasma glucose levels and the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-index in LXRalpha(-/-)beta(-/-) mice and increased hepatic triglyceride content and mRNA levels of lipogenic genes in wild-type and LXRalpha(-/-)beta(-/-) mice, proportionally.	Carbohydrates	5-17	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3	Mus musculus	112-120
16876124-5	2006	High carbohydrate diet decreased the plasma glucose levels and the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-index in LXRalpha(-/-)beta(-/-) mice and increased hepatic triglyceride content and mRNA levels of lipogenic genes in wild-type and LXRalpha(-/-)beta(-/-) mice, proportionally.	Carbohydrates	5-17	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3	Mus musculus	235-243
16876124-6	2006	In wild-type mice high carbohydrate diet was associated with induced expression of LXR (1.5-fold), despite unchanged SREBP-1c expression.	Carbohydrates	23-35	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3	Mus musculus	83-86
16843478-5	2006	As demonstrated with transferrin isoforms, differing only by 0.1 pH unit in their pI, this technology can distinguish minor differences in protein carbohydrate structure and enable specific determination of proteins in a complex environment, requiring only a few picogram of isoform for detection.	Carbohydrates	147-159	transferrin	Homo sapiens	21-32
17037313-0	2006	[Renin-angiotensin system and insulin resistance: carbohydrate-metabolism disorders].	Carbohydrates	50-62	insulin	Homo sapiens	30-37
16794219-5	2006	Beginning in the 1970s, carbohydrates were recommended as the preferred substitute for fat by the American Heart Association and others to achieve the recommended successive reductions in total fat and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C).	Carbohydrates	24-37	component of oligomeric golgi complex 2	Homo sapiens	202-237
16794219-5	2006	Beginning in the 1970s, carbohydrates were recommended as the preferred substitute for fat by the American Heart Association and others to achieve the recommended successive reductions in total fat and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C).	Carbohydrates	24-37	component of oligomeric golgi complex 2	Homo sapiens	239-244
16698004-0	2006	Determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in human serum using the Bio-Rad %CDT by HPLC test.	Carbohydrates	17-29	transferrin	Homo sapiens	40-51
16698004-1	2006	BACKGROUND: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in serum is a biomarker used to identify individuals with sustained, heavy alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
16963631-4	2006	After approximately 1 generation of anaerobiosis, the response was similar in both media, beginning with the deactivation of Hap1 and Hap2/3/4/5 networks involved in mitochondrial functions and the concomitant derepression of Rox1-regulated networks for carbohydrate catabolism and redox regulation and ending (&gt;or=2 generations) with the activation of Upc2- and Mot3-regulated networks involved in sterol and cell wall homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	254-266	Rox1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	226-230
16945187-6	2006	Further structural analyses revealed that P1-a was a polysaccharide-peptide complex, and P1-b was a polymer consisting of acteoside and acteoside derivatives identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, assays of carbohydrate and protein contents and high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.	Carbohydrates	251-263	trefoil factor 3	Homo sapiens	89-93
16730392-1	2006	About 12 glycosides prepared through amyloglucosidase catalysis and 23 amino acyl esters of carbohydrates prepared through lipase catalysis in organic solvents showed angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition activity.	Carbohydrates	92-105	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	198-201
16730392-2	2006	Both amino acyl esters of carbohydrates and glycosides exhibited IC50 values for ACE inhibition in the 0.5 mM to 15.7 mM range.	Carbohydrates	26-39	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	81-84
16534523-0	2006	High plasma VEGF relates to low carbohydrate intake in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	32-44	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	12-16
16670694-10	2006	For diabetics, it is necessary to know the carbohydrate content of food precisely, in order to adapt the amount of insulin to the ingestion.	Carbohydrates	43-55	insulin	Homo sapiens	115-122
16534523-7	2006	RESULTS: We found that subjects with higher concentrations of plasma VEGF had 17% less carbohydrate intake (P=0.003) and 4.8% lower body mass (P=0.017) than those with lower VEGF concentrations.	Carbohydrates	87-99	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	69-73
16534523-10	2006	CONCLUSION: We conclude that high plasma VEGF concentrations are associated with less carbohydrate intake and lower body mass in type 2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	86-98	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	41-45
17066210-14	2006	The regulation of glycaemia (thanks to the ingestion of food with a low glycaemic index ensuring a low insulin level) improves the quality and duration of intellectual performance, if only because at rest the brain consumes more than 50% of dietary carbohydrates, approximately 80% of which are used only for energy purpose.	Carbohydrates	249-262	insulin	Homo sapiens	103-110
16565975-4	2006	Here, we review the detection and characterization of hemoglobin variants, HbA1c measurement, detection of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, and identification of variants of transthyretin (TTR) and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) using soft ionization MS. We also propose the diagnostic application of the signals of modified forms of TTR, that is, S-sulfonated TTR and S-homocysteinyl TTR.	Carbohydrates	107-119	transferrin	Homo sapiens	130-141
16806145-0	2006	Novel comparison of capillary electrophoresis versus immunoassay in the measurement of total percent carbohydrate deficient transferrin.	Carbohydrates	101-113	transferrin	Homo sapiens	124-135
16913860-7	2006	These data suggest that a key element in recovering flux through carbohydrate metabolism in the cold is to control the partitioning of metabolites between the chloroplast and the cytosol, and Arabidopsis modulates the expression of AtTPT to maintain balanced carbon flow.	Carbohydrates	65-77	Glucose-6-phosphate/phosphate translocator-like protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	232-237
17408110-5	2006	Consumption of soy beverages with low concentration of carbohydrates produced the lowest insulin secretion.	Carbohydrates	55-68	insulin	Homo sapiens	89-96
16705063-1	2006	The transcription factor carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) mediates insulin-independent, glucose-stimulated gene expression of multiple liver enzymes responsible for converting excess carbohydrate to fatty acids for long-term storage.	Carbohydrates	25-37	MLX interacting protein-like	Mus musculus	72-78
17131205-5	2006	Leptin and adiponectin play a significant role in the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	78-90	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	11-22
16899040-3	2006	In this study, we report a new approach to combine the biological markers % carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (%CDT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (gammaGT) to increase diagnostic properties to identify patients with at-risk drinking behavior.	Carbohydrates	76-88	transferrin	Homo sapiens	99-110
16271758-2	2006	Human placental cystatin (HPC) was found to be stable in the pH range 3.0-9.0 and temperature stability was between 40 and 100 degrees C. It does not have any disulphide groups and carbohydrate content.	Carbohydrates	181-193	cystatin C	Gallus gallus	16-24
16546301-1	2006	Alcoholics have an increase in sialic acid-deficient glycoconjugates such as carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, sialic acid-deficient gangliosides and free sialic acids.	Carbohydrates	77-89	transferrin	Rattus norvegicus	100-111
16774618-2	2006	The goal of "closing the loop" is to develop an autonomous insulin delivery system attached to a device capable of continuous glucose sensing, thus mimicking the islet beta cells activity and its capability of maintaining normal blood glucose levels and freeing the patient from the need of constant calculations of daily insulin and carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	334-347	insulin	Homo sapiens	59-66
16271758-11	2006	Owing to low molecular weight, absence of disulphide bonds and carbohydrate content HPC can be placed in type I cystatin family with some resemblance to chicken cystatin as shown by CD studies and amino acid sequence analysis.	Carbohydrates	63-75	cystatin C	Gallus gallus	112-120
16864756-3	2006	Diets 1 and 2 were high carbohydrate (55% of total energy intake), with high and low GIs, respectively; diets 3 and 4 were high protein (25% of total energy intake), with high and low GIs, respectively.	Carbohydrates	24-36	MAM and LDL receptor class A domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	0-13
16990181-11	2006	These data indicate that endothelial carbohydrate determinants and corresponding ligands (namely, mannose-specific lectins) may be involved in the regulation of production and deposition of vWF.	Carbohydrates	37-49	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	190-193
16834340-0	2006	Human pulmonary surfactant protein D binds the extracellular domains of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 through the carbohydrate recognition domain by a mechanism different from its binding to phosphatidylinositol and lipopolysaccharide.	Carbohydrates	112-124	toll like receptor 2	Homo sapiens	72-99
16844773-1	2006	The nuclear hormone receptors farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and pregnane X receptor have been implicated in regulating bile acid, lipid, carbohydrate, and xenobiotic metabolism.	Carbohydrates	134-146	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4	Mus musculus	30-50
16844773-1	2006	The nuclear hormone receptors farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and pregnane X receptor have been implicated in regulating bile acid, lipid, carbohydrate, and xenobiotic metabolism.	Carbohydrates	134-146	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4	Mus musculus	52-55
16901800-10	2006	Insulin activates the Na+/K+-ATPase pump as well; thus, the precipitating effect of a high carbohydrate diet is explained.	Carbohydrates	91-103	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
16772509-7	2006	Specific quantitative characterization of insulin resistance is essential toward identifying the following: 1) ponies in need of special management to avoid laminitis, and 2) potential management strategies to avoid laminitis by increasing insulin sensitivity, including reducing obesity, increasing exercise, and moderating dietary carbohydrates, particularly starch.	Carbohydrates	333-346	insulin	Homo sapiens	42-49
16786157-0	2006	Role of the carbohydrate recognition domains of mouse galectin-4 in oligosaccharide binding and epitope recognition and expression of galectin-4 and galectin-6 in mouse cells and tissues.	Carbohydrates	12-24	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 4	Mus musculus	54-64
16786157-0	2006	Role of the carbohydrate recognition domains of mouse galectin-4 in oligosaccharide binding and epitope recognition and expression of galectin-4 and galectin-6 in mouse cells and tissues.	Carbohydrates	12-24	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 6	Mus musculus	149-159
16739238-0	2006	Detection of weakly interacting anti-carbohydrate scFv phages using surface plasmon resonance.	Carbohydrates	37-49	immunglobulin heavy chain variable region	Homo sapiens	50-54
16897175-1	2006	Binding of carbohydrate ligand by human C-reactive protein (CRP), in both native form and structurally deviated form (neoCRP or mCRP), was investigated using galactose-6-phosphate (Gal6P)- and Galbeta3GalNAc-containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) derivatives.	Carbohydrates	11-23	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	40-58
16897175-1	2006	Binding of carbohydrate ligand by human C-reactive protein (CRP), in both native form and structurally deviated form (neoCRP or mCRP), was investigated using galactose-6-phosphate (Gal6P)- and Galbeta3GalNAc-containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) derivatives.	Carbohydrates	11-23	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	60-63
16819381-5	2006	AFP electrophoresis using lectin-containing agarose gel identifies L3-AFP by the affinity of its specific carbohydrate chain to lectin.	Carbohydrates	106-118	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	0-3
16819381-5	2006	AFP electrophoresis using lectin-containing agarose gel identifies L3-AFP by the affinity of its specific carbohydrate chain to lectin.	Carbohydrates	106-118	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	70-73
16772045-2	2006	Lymphocyte homing to peripheral lymph nodes is mediated by the adhesion molecule, L-selectin, which binds to sulfated carbohydrate ligands on high endothelial venules (HEV).	Carbohydrates	118-130	selectin, lymphocyte	Mus musculus	82-92
31627504-1	2006	The use of an insulin pump and a glycemia monitoring system affords an opportunity for achieving the goal levels of carbohydrate metabolism, by simultaneously increasing the quality of life.	Carbohydrates	116-128	insulin	Homo sapiens	14-21
16790045-1	2006	Because of its effect on insulin, carbohydrate restriction is one of the obvious dietary choices for weight reduction and diabetes.	Carbohydrates	34-46	insulin	Homo sapiens	25-32
16732014-14	2006	CONCLUSIONS: PLIN 11482G--&gt;A/14995A--&gt;T polymorphisms modulate the association between SFAs/carbohydrate in diet and insulin resistance in Asian women.	Carbohydrates	98-110	insulin	Homo sapiens	123-130
16497783-5	2006	This conclusion was supported by the determination of carbohydrate structures for three glycoproteins, IgG, haptoglobin, and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, at their natural levels in a human plasma sample, but only after the lectin enrichment step.	Carbohydrates	54-66	haptoglobin	Homo sapiens	108-119
16885595-6	2006	Many studies have also shown a decrease in insulin resistance and improvement in lipid profiles when obese individuals are placed on a low carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	139-151	insulin	Homo sapiens	43-50
16424076-0	2006	Carbohydrate metabolism during prolonged exercise and recovery: interactions between pyruvate dehydrogenase, fatty acids, and amino acids.	Carbohydrates	0-12	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	85-107
16424076-1	2006	During prolonged exercise, carbohydrate oxidation may result from decreased pyruvate production and increased fatty acid supply and ultimately lead to reduced pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity.	Carbohydrates	27-39	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	159-181
16424076-1	2006	During prolonged exercise, carbohydrate oxidation may result from decreased pyruvate production and increased fatty acid supply and ultimately lead to reduced pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity.	Carbohydrates	27-39	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	183-186
16718719-8	2006	These include analyses of proteins found in serum and urine, hemoglobin (A1c and variants), carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, forensic and therapeutic drug screening, and molecular diagnostics.	Carbohydrates	92-104	transferrin	Homo sapiens	115-126
16396634-1	2006	To obtain scFv (single-chain variable fragment) against human ASGPR (asialoglycoprotein receptor), a human non-immune phage antibody library was screened with the recombinant CRD (carbohydrate recognition domain) of rCRDH1 (the H1 subunit of human ASGPR).	Carbohydrates	180-192	immunglobulin heavy chain variable region	Homo sapiens	10-14
16794644-1	2006	OBJECTIVES: Deficient action of insulin is associated with derangement of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism.	Carbohydrates	74-86	insulin	Homo sapiens	32-39
16581086-9	2006	Taking these observations together we have demonstrated that scFv with fast reaction kinetics and low affinity have the necessary characteristics for further development as specific tools in analytical strategies, e.g. differentiation of cells based on the various configurations of carbohydrate epitopes.	Carbohydrates	283-295	immunglobulin heavy chain variable region	Homo sapiens	61-65
16685106-6	2006	From another perspective, the plasmatic level of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin seems to be the most accurate technique in differentiating cases of alcohol-induced acute pancreatitis from other etiologies.	Carbohydrates	49-61	transferrin	Homo sapiens	72-83
16685042-5	2006	RESULTS: The 26%-carbohydrate, low-saturated-fat diet reduced triacylglycerol, apolipoprotein B, small LDL mass, and total:HDL cholesterol and increased LDL peak diameter.	Carbohydrates	17-29	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	79-95
16165206-3	2006	The type of maternal carbohydrate intake (low- versus high-glycemic sources) and food intake frequency also influence substrate availability through their effects on maternal blood glucose levels and insulin sensitivity.	Carbohydrates	21-33	insulin	Homo sapiens	200-207
16718794-10	2006	CONCLUSION: Insulin resistance may be overestimated by using these markers if the patient has carbohydrate malabsorption, or that carbohydrate malabsorption may be present prior to the development of insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	94-106	insulin	Homo sapiens	12-19
16718794-11	2006	Hence carbohydrate malabsorption should be taken into account for estimating insulin resistance and beta-cell function.	Carbohydrates	6-18	insulin	Homo sapiens	77-84
16543228-1	2006	HNK-1 carbohydrate expressed predominantly in the nervous system is considered to be involved in cell migration, recognition, adhesion, and synaptic plasticity.	Carbohydrates	6-18	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
16543228-2	2006	Human natural killer-1 (HNK-1) carbohydrate has a unique structure consisting of a sulfated trisaccharide (HSO3-3GlcAbeta1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-) and is sequentially biosynthesized by one of two glucuronyltransferases (GlcAT-P or GlcAT-S) and a sulfotransferase (HNK-1ST).	Carbohydrates	31-43	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	24-29
16543228-2	2006	Human natural killer-1 (HNK-1) carbohydrate has a unique structure consisting of a sulfated trisaccharide (HSO3-3GlcAbeta1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-) and is sequentially biosynthesized by one of two glucuronyltransferases (GlcAT-P or GlcAT-S) and a sulfotransferase (HNK-1ST).	Carbohydrates	31-43	carbohydrate sulfotransferase 10	Homo sapiens	260-267
16543228-3	2006	Considering that almost all the HNK-1 carbohydrate structures so far determined in the nervous system are sulfated, we hypothesized that GlcAT-P or GlcAT-S functionally associates with HNK-1ST, which results in efficient sequential biosynthesis of HNK-1 carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	38-50	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	32-37
16543228-3	2006	Considering that almost all the HNK-1 carbohydrate structures so far determined in the nervous system are sulfated, we hypothesized that GlcAT-P or GlcAT-S functionally associates with HNK-1ST, which results in efficient sequential biosynthesis of HNK-1 carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	38-50	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	137-144
16543228-3	2006	Considering that almost all the HNK-1 carbohydrate structures so far determined in the nervous system are sulfated, we hypothesized that GlcAT-P or GlcAT-S functionally associates with HNK-1ST, which results in efficient sequential biosynthesis of HNK-1 carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	38-50	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	148-155
16543228-3	2006	Considering that almost all the HNK-1 carbohydrate structures so far determined in the nervous system are sulfated, we hypothesized that GlcAT-P or GlcAT-S functionally associates with HNK-1ST, which results in efficient sequential biosynthesis of HNK-1 carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	38-50	carbohydrate sulfotransferase 10	Homo sapiens	185-192
16543228-3	2006	Considering that almost all the HNK-1 carbohydrate structures so far determined in the nervous system are sulfated, we hypothesized that GlcAT-P or GlcAT-S functionally associates with HNK-1ST, which results in efficient sequential biosynthesis of HNK-1 carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	254-266	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	32-37
16543228-3	2006	Considering that almost all the HNK-1 carbohydrate structures so far determined in the nervous system are sulfated, we hypothesized that GlcAT-P or GlcAT-S functionally associates with HNK-1ST, which results in efficient sequential biosynthesis of HNK-1 carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	254-266	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	137-144
16543228-3	2006	Considering that almost all the HNK-1 carbohydrate structures so far determined in the nervous system are sulfated, we hypothesized that GlcAT-P or GlcAT-S functionally associates with HNK-1ST, which results in efficient sequential biosynthesis of HNK-1 carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	254-266	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	148-155
16543228-3	2006	Considering that almost all the HNK-1 carbohydrate structures so far determined in the nervous system are sulfated, we hypothesized that GlcAT-P or GlcAT-S functionally associates with HNK-1ST, which results in efficient sequential biosynthesis of HNK-1 carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	254-266	carbohydrate sulfotransferase 10	Homo sapiens	185-192
16543228-3	2006	Considering that almost all the HNK-1 carbohydrate structures so far determined in the nervous system are sulfated, we hypothesized that GlcAT-P or GlcAT-S functionally associates with HNK-1ST, which results in efficient sequential biosynthesis of HNK-1 carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	254-266	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	185-190
16543228-9	2006	These results suggest that the function of this enzyme complex is relevant to the efficient sequential biosynthesis of the HNK-1 carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	129-141	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	123-128
16352671-1	2006	AMPK is a key regulator of fat and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	35-47	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
16396634-1	2006	To obtain scFv (single-chain variable fragment) against human ASGPR (asialoglycoprotein receptor), a human non-immune phage antibody library was screened with the recombinant CRD (carbohydrate recognition domain) of rCRDH1 (the H1 subunit of human ASGPR).	Carbohydrates	180-192	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	62-67
16396634-1	2006	To obtain scFv (single-chain variable fragment) against human ASGPR (asialoglycoprotein receptor), a human non-immune phage antibody library was screened with the recombinant CRD (carbohydrate recognition domain) of rCRDH1 (the H1 subunit of human ASGPR).	Carbohydrates	180-192	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	69-96
16365873-6	2006	The C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-3 is responsible for binding to the NG2 core protein.	Carbohydrates	15-27	chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4	Homo sapiens	95-98
16644671-1	2006	We report here a novel mechanism for glucose-mediated activation of carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP), a basic helix-loop-helix/leucine zipper (bHLH/ZIP) transcription factor of Mondo family that binds to carbohydrate response element in the promoter of some glucose-regulated genes and activates their expression upon glucose stimulation.	Carbohydrates	68-80	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	115-121
16365873-8	2006	The interaction between galectin-3 and NG2 is a carbohydrate-dependent one mediated by N-linked rather than O-linked oligosaccharides within the D3 domain of the NG2 core protein.	Carbohydrates	48-60	chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4	Homo sapiens	39-42
16365873-8	2006	The interaction between galectin-3 and NG2 is a carbohydrate-dependent one mediated by N-linked rather than O-linked oligosaccharides within the D3 domain of the NG2 core protein.	Carbohydrates	48-60	chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4	Homo sapiens	162-165
16614419-6	2006	We conclude that co-ingestion of a protein hydrolysate with or without additional free leucine strongly augments the insulin response after ingestion of a single bolus of carbohydrate, thereby significantly reducing postprandial blood glucose excursions in patients with long-standing Type 2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	171-183	insulin	Homo sapiens	117-124
16680006-2	2006	We have discovered that a carbohydrate ligand, glucan, will stimulate the endogenous PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.	Carbohydrates	26-38	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	90-93
16629877-2	2006	This relationship is based on the hypothesis postulating that a higher serum glucose and insulin response induced by high-glycaemic carbohydrates promotes lower fat oxidation and higher fat storage in comparison with low-glycaemic carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	132-145	insulin	Homo sapiens	89-96
16540158-3	2006	RESULTS: High-carbohydrate nutrition is shown to have the ability to induce vascular inflammation and plaque formation through an insulin-mediated activation of the RAS, growth factors, cytokines, the SNS, and C-reactive protein and to cause an atherogenic lipid profile in normal humans.	Carbohydrates	14-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	130-137
16540158-3	2006	RESULTS: High-carbohydrate nutrition is shown to have the ability to induce vascular inflammation and plaque formation through an insulin-mediated activation of the RAS, growth factors, cytokines, the SNS, and C-reactive protein and to cause an atherogenic lipid profile in normal humans.	Carbohydrates	14-26	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	210-228
16513634-4	2006	Remarkably, the most closely related protein to SEX4 outside the plant kingdom is laforin, a glucan-binding protein phosphatase required for the metabolism of the mammalian storage carbohydrate glycogen and implicated in a severe form of epilepsy (Lafora disease) in humans.	Carbohydrates	181-193	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	48-52
16611137-2	2006	Insulin is a peptide hormone secreted by the beta-cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans in response to increased circulating levels of glucose and amino acids and it is essential for appropriate tissue development, growth, and maintenance of whole-body glucose homeostasis by regulating carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism.	Carbohydrates	294-306	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
16446356-2	2006	Recently, several studies have suggested a potential role of FXR in the control of hepatic carbohydrate metabolism, but its contribution to the maintenance of peripheral glucose homeostasis remains to be established.	Carbohydrates	91-103	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4	Mus musculus	61-64
16638859-13	2006	Carbohydrate structural analysis revealed that superficial bladder cancer is rich in branched N-linked oligosaccharides, for which biosynthesis GnT-V is responsible.	Carbohydrates	0-12	alpha-1,6-mannosylglycoprotein 6-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase	Homo sapiens	144-149
16673263-4	2006	Thrombin interacts specifically with several protein substrates, receptors, cofactors, inhibitors, carbohydrates, and modulators.	Carbohydrates	99-112	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	0-8
28094672-6	2006	However, patients with a high-risk baseline level (&gt;3 mg/dL, n = 48) experienced a greater decrease in C-reactive protein levels on a low-carbohydrate diet (adjusted difference = -2 mg/dL, p = .005), independent of weight loss.	Carbohydrates	141-153	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	106-124
16615351-0	2006	Mucin gene expression and mucin content in the chicken intestinal goblet cells are affected by in ovo feeding of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	113-126	mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Gallus gallus	0-5
16615351-0	2006	Mucin gene expression and mucin content in the chicken intestinal goblet cells are affected by in ovo feeding of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	113-126	mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Gallus gallus	26-31
16615351-14	2006	Enhanced expression of the mucin mRNA was found at the day of hatch in chicks that received carbohydrate solution into the amnionic fluid in comparison with the control group.	Carbohydrates	92-104	mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Gallus gallus	27-32
16673263-5	2006	It cleaves fibrinogen, factors XI (FXI) and FXIII, cofactors V and VIII, and the thrombin receptors; uses thrombomodulin to activate protein C and thrombin-activatable-fibrinolysis inhibitor; is inhibited by heparin cofactor II and antithrombin III with the help of acidic carbohydrates; and its activity/specificity is modulated by sodium ions.	Carbohydrates	273-286	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	81-89
16673263-5	2006	It cleaves fibrinogen, factors XI (FXI) and FXIII, cofactors V and VIII, and the thrombin receptors; uses thrombomodulin to activate protein C and thrombin-activatable-fibrinolysis inhibitor; is inhibited by heparin cofactor II and antithrombin III with the help of acidic carbohydrates; and its activity/specificity is modulated by sodium ions.	Carbohydrates	273-286	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	147-155
16673263-6	2006	A large number of crystal structures of alpha-thrombin in complexes with synthetic polypeptides and protein inhibitors, substrate fragments, cofactors, and carbohydrates have displayed extended recognition sites on the thrombin surface, reflecting the versatility and multifunctional specificity of this remarkable proteinase.	Carbohydrates	156-169	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	46-54
16673263-6	2006	A large number of crystal structures of alpha-thrombin in complexes with synthetic polypeptides and protein inhibitors, substrate fragments, cofactors, and carbohydrates have displayed extended recognition sites on the thrombin surface, reflecting the versatility and multifunctional specificity of this remarkable proteinase.	Carbohydrates	156-169	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	219-227
16213030-2	2006	Using bioinformatics and molecular cloning techniques, we isolated a bovine gene that encodes a polypeptide of 206 amino acids with structural features shared by mouse and human dectin-2, including a high homology with mouse dectin-2 (66%), a type II configuration, a short cytoplasmic domain without tyrosine-based signal motifs, a carbohydrate recognition domain, a putative N-glycosylation site, and an EPN motif involved in the Ca(2+)-dependent binding of hexose carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	333-345	C-type lectin domain family 4, member n	Mus musculus	225-233
16467855-6	2006	One of the carbohydrate moieties of the enzyme is essential for homodimer formation of GCPII.	Carbohydrates	11-23	folate hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	87-92
16458284-1	2006	LeX/SSEA1/CD15 is an extracellular matrix-associated carbohydrate expressed by ES cells and by adult neural and bone marrow stem cells.	Carbohydrates	53-65	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	0-3
16458284-1	2006	LeX/SSEA1/CD15 is an extracellular matrix-associated carbohydrate expressed by ES cells and by adult neural and bone marrow stem cells.	Carbohydrates	53-65	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	4-9
16458284-1	2006	LeX/SSEA1/CD15 is an extracellular matrix-associated carbohydrate expressed by ES cells and by adult neural and bone marrow stem cells.	Carbohydrates	53-65	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	10-14
16823539-1	2006	BACKGROUND: Biological markers for chronic alcohol consumption like MCV or gammaGT or carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) are useful, but far from being perfect.	Carbohydrates	86-98	transferrin	Homo sapiens	109-120
16823539-3	2006	Recently, a new ELISA based version of the carbohydrate-deficient-transferrin (CDT-TRISIALO (-)) assay has been developed, which measures asialo-, monosialo- and disialo transferrin, but excludes trisialo- transferrin; that modification suggests higher sensitivity and specificity in detecting recent alcohol consumption in patients.	Carbohydrates	43-55	transferrin	Homo sapiens	66-77
16823539-3	2006	Recently, a new ELISA based version of the carbohydrate-deficient-transferrin (CDT-TRISIALO (-)) assay has been developed, which measures asialo-, monosialo- and disialo transferrin, but excludes trisialo- transferrin; that modification suggests higher sensitivity and specificity in detecting recent alcohol consumption in patients.	Carbohydrates	43-55	transferrin	Homo sapiens	170-181
16823539-3	2006	Recently, a new ELISA based version of the carbohydrate-deficient-transferrin (CDT-TRISIALO (-)) assay has been developed, which measures asialo-, monosialo- and disialo transferrin, but excludes trisialo- transferrin; that modification suggests higher sensitivity and specificity in detecting recent alcohol consumption in patients.	Carbohydrates	43-55	transferrin	Homo sapiens	170-181
16823539-4	2006	AIMS: The study goal was to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predicitive value of this new carbohydrate-deficient-transferrin assay (CDT-TRISIALO (-)) in a group of patients with liver disease and to compare the results with that of the established CDT assay (CDT-TRISIALO (+)).	Carbohydrates	119-131	transferrin	Homo sapiens	142-153
16823539-12	2006	CONCLUSION: The newly developed carbohydrate deficient transferrin test (CDT-TRISIALO (-)) is of no advantage as compared to the established assay (CDT-TRISIALO (+)) when used in a patient population with liver disease.	Carbohydrates	32-44	transferrin	Homo sapiens	55-66
16506732-5	2006	The potential of the new method was demonstrated by probing the carbohydrate affinity of two heparin-binding growth factors, FGF-1 and FGF-2, that are implicated in the development and differentiation of several tumors.	Carbohydrates	64-76	fibroblast growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	125-130
16506732-5	2006	The potential of the new method was demonstrated by probing the carbohydrate affinity of two heparin-binding growth factors, FGF-1 and FGF-2, that are implicated in the development and differentiation of several tumors.	Carbohydrates	64-76	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	135-140
16500338-10	2006	CONCLUSION(S): A moderate reduction in dietary carbohydrate reduced the fasting and postchallenge insulin concentrations among women with PCOS, which, over time, may improve reproductive/endocrine outcomes.	Carbohydrates	47-59	insulin	Homo sapiens	98-105
16613765-0	2006	Influence of a high carbohydrate diet on the functional activity of 5-HT1B/1D receptors on human peripheral blood lymphocytes during intense military training.	Carbohydrates	20-32	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B	Homo sapiens	68-74
16613765-1	2006	The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of a high carbohydrate diet on the functional activity of 5-HT1B/1D receptors in human peripheral blood lymphocytes, and on serum cortisol and plasma cytokine responses during intense military training.	Carbohydrates	65-77	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B	Homo sapiens	113-119
16613765-8	2006	Carbohydrate ingestion or additional dietary energy during repeated bouts of high-intensity exercise could attenuate the alterations in immune function via 5-HT1B/1D receptors and the action of 5-HT moduline, an endogenous tetrapeptide (Leu-Ser-Ala-Leu) that specifically modulates the sensitivity of 5-HT1B/1D receptors.	Carbohydrates	0-12	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B	Homo sapiens	156-162
16613765-8	2006	Carbohydrate ingestion or additional dietary energy during repeated bouts of high-intensity exercise could attenuate the alterations in immune function via 5-HT1B/1D receptors and the action of 5-HT moduline, an endogenous tetrapeptide (Leu-Ser-Ala-Leu) that specifically modulates the sensitivity of 5-HT1B/1D receptors.	Carbohydrates	0-12	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B	Homo sapiens	301-307
16480903-2	2006	Thrombin, the main executioner of the coagulation cascade, exhibits procoagulant as well as anticoagulant and antifibrinolytic properties, very specifically interacting with a number of protein substrates, receptors, cofactors, inhibitors, carbohydrates, and modulators.	Carbohydrates	240-253	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	0-8
16567381-0	2006	Effects of an ad libitum, high carbohydrate diet and aerobic exercise training on insulin action and muscle metabolism in older men and women.	Carbohydrates	31-43	insulin	Homo sapiens	82-89
16511590-2	2006	However, studies on the action and structure of the 3 human PPAR isotypes (PPARalpha, PPARdelta, and PPARgamma) suggest that these moieties are intimately involved in nutrient sensing and the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	206-218	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	101-110
16511590-6	2006	This Review will focus on the role of PPARgamma in human physiology, with specific reference to clinical pharmacological studies, and analysis of PPARG gene variants in the abnormal lipid and carbohydrate metabolism of the metabolic syndrome.	Carbohydrates	192-204	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	146-151
16567381-9	2006	CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that consumption of an ad libitum, high-carbohydrate diet alone or in combination with aerobic exercise training results in weight loss and improved insulin sensitivity.	Carbohydrates	79-91	insulin	Homo sapiens	188-195
16403494-5	2006	AMY1-SBD contained 23% carbohydrate and consisted of correctly N-terminally processed multiple forms of isoelectric points in the range 4.1-5.2.	Carbohydrates	23-35	LOC548210	Hordeum vulgare	0-4
16488876-8	2006	Here, we report the identification of the lectin galectin-3 delivering non-raft-dependent glycoproteins in the lumen of LAVs in a carbohydrate-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	130-142	galectin 3	Canis lupus familiaris	49-59
16375918-3	2006	The cytokine activity of AMF is inhibited by carbohydrate phosphate compounds as they compete for AMF binding with the carbohydrate moiety of the AMF receptor (AMFR), which is a glycosylated seven transmembrane helix protein.	Carbohydrates	45-57	autocrine motility factor receptor	Mus musculus	146-158
16375918-3	2006	The cytokine activity of AMF is inhibited by carbohydrate phosphate compounds as they compete for AMF binding with the carbohydrate moiety of the AMF receptor (AMFR), which is a glycosylated seven transmembrane helix protein.	Carbohydrates	45-57	autocrine motility factor receptor	Mus musculus	160-164
16492734-6	2006	Coupling increased hepatic carbohydrate catabolism with its ability to promote beta-oxidation in muscle allows PPARdelta to regulate metabolic homeostasis and enhance insulin action by complementary effects in distinct tissues.	Carbohydrates	27-39	peroxisome proliferator activator receptor delta	Mus musculus	111-120
16297949-5	2006	Analysis of chimeras between mDC-SIGN and hDC-SIGN provided evidence that determinants in the carbohydrate recognition domain and in the neck domain of mDC-SIGN inhibit a functional interaction with EBOV-GP.	Carbohydrates	94-106	CD209a antigen	Mus musculus	29-37
16188909-0	2006	Decreased PDH activation and glycogenolysis during exercise following fat adaptation with carbohydrate restoration.	Carbohydrates	90-102	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	10-13
16523409-3	2006	Following a mixed meal (450 kcal; 44 % carbohydrate; 40 % fat; 16 % protein), glycated insulin rose 10-fold to peak (60 min) at 104.5 +/- 25.0 pmol/l (p &lt; 0.001), representing 22 % total circulating insulin.	Carbohydrates	39-51	insulin	Homo sapiens	87-94
16154554-2	2006	Direct and indirect actions of GH are numerous ranging from carbohydrate and lipid metabolism to growth effects at muscle and vessels.	Carbohydrates	60-72	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	31-33
16510031-3	2006	Evidence suggests that diets low in processed carbohydrates and saturated fats with a goal to achieve a 500- to 1000-calorie/day deficit improve insulin sensitivity, reduce serum aminotransferases, and decrease hepatic steatosis.	Carbohydrates	46-59	insulin	Homo sapiens	145-152
16087169-0	2006	The diagnostic accuracy of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, sialic acid and commonly used markers of alcohol abuse during abstinence.	Carbohydrates	27-39	transferrin	Homo sapiens	50-61
16472060-4	2006	AIDA online (accessible directly at: www.2aida.net) enables the simulation of plasma insulin and blood glucose levels from user-defined insulin injection and carbohydrate intake data.	Carbohydrates	158-170	insulin	Homo sapiens	85-92
16472060-6	2006	The diabetes/insulin tutorial is currently composed of four sections: the first two cover in considerable depth insulin injection regimens and insulin dosage adjustment; the third section introduces the principles of carbohydrate counting and, specifically, matching insulin doses to carbohydrate intake; and the fourth section illustrates the relationship between blood glucose levels and renal excretion of glucose.	Carbohydrates	217-229	insulin	Homo sapiens	13-20
16472060-6	2006	The diabetes/insulin tutorial is currently composed of four sections: the first two cover in considerable depth insulin injection regimens and insulin dosage adjustment; the third section introduces the principles of carbohydrate counting and, specifically, matching insulin doses to carbohydrate intake; and the fourth section illustrates the relationship between blood glucose levels and renal excretion of glucose.	Carbohydrates	284-296	insulin	Homo sapiens	13-20
16472060-8	2006	This introduces a novel way of learning how injected insulin and dietary carbohydrate interact in various insulin injection regimens.	Carbohydrates	73-85	insulin	Homo sapiens	106-113
16436102-3	2006	Low-carbohydrate intakes result in a reduction of the circulating insulin level, which promotes high level of circulating fatty acids, used for oxidation and production of ketone bodies.	Carbohydrates	4-16	insulin	Homo sapiens	66-73
16676702-0	2006	Carbohydrate influences plasma interleukin-6 but not C-reactive protein or creatine kinase following a 32-km mountain trail race.	Carbohydrates	0-12	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	31-44
16676702-1	2006	Attenuation of exercise-induced interleukin-6 (IL-6) responses by carbohydrate (CHO) has been demonstrated in studies comparing controlled doses (&gt; or = 0.9 g x kg(-1) x h(-1)) to placebo, but not in studies of voluntary intake.	Carbohydrates	66-78	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	47-51
16503770-4	2006	After 30 d, the low-carbohydrate diet reduced glycemic parameters and normalized aspartate aminotransferase activity in diabetic animals, suggesting less organ damage.	Carbohydrates	20-32	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2	Rattus norvegicus	81-107
16415006-7	2006	Chimeras between DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR demonstrated that the ability of DC-SIGNR to promote WNV infection maps to its carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	117-129	C-type lectin domain family 4 member M	Homo sapiens	29-37
16415006-7	2006	Chimeras between DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR demonstrated that the ability of DC-SIGNR to promote WNV infection maps to its carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	117-129	C-type lectin domain family 4 member M	Homo sapiens	71-79
16531895-1	2006	BACKGROUND: Coingestion of protein and/or free amino acids with carbohydrate has been reported to accelerate postexercise muscle glycogen synthesis due to an increase in the insulin response.	Carbohydrates	64-76	insulin	Homo sapiens	174-181
16531895-2	2006	PURPOSE: To determine the extent to which the combined ingestion of carbohydrate and a casein protein hydrolysate with or without additional free leucine can increase insulin levels during postexercise recovery in endurance-trained athletes.	Carbohydrates	68-80	insulin	Homo sapiens	167-174
16531895-11	2006	CONCLUSIONS: The combined ingestion of a protein hydrolysate and/or free leucine with carbohydrate (0.8 g.kg.h) substantially augments insulin secretion, but does not affect plasma glucose disposal during the first 3.5 h of postexercise recovery in trained athletes.	Carbohydrates	86-98	insulin	Homo sapiens	135-142
16436102-5	2006	The currently available scientific literature shows that low-carbohydrate diets acutely induce a number of favourable effects, such as a rapid weight loss, decrease of fasting glucose and insulin levels, reduction of circulating triglyceride levels and improvement of blood pressure.	Carbohydrates	61-73	insulin	Homo sapiens	188-195
16436102-9	2006	However, these undesirable effects may be counteracted with consumption of a low-carbohydrate, high-protein, low-fat diet, because this type of diet has been shown to induce favourable effects on feelings of satiety and hunger, help preserve lean body mass, effectively reduce fat mass and beneficially impact on insulin sensitivity and on blood lipid status while supplying sufficient calcium for bone mass maintenance.	Carbohydrates	81-93	insulin	Homo sapiens	313-320
16472436-11	2006	Furthermore, the different drinks caused different changes in the glucose and insulin concentrations, which might be important in connection with alcohol-induced disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism (e.g., hypo- and hyperglycaemia).	Carbohydrates	178-190	insulin	Homo sapiens	78-85
16380121-1	2006	Liver key genes for carbohydrate and lipid homeostasis are regulated by insulin and glucose.	Carbohydrates	20-32	insulin	Homo sapiens	72-79
16291754-3	2006	We have focused on two cysteine residues (Cys(88) and Cys(120)), which form a disulfide bridge in the N-terminal domain of calreticulin, on a tryptophan residue located in the carbohydrate binding site (Trp(302)), and on certain residues located at the tip of the "hairpin-like" P-domain of the protein (Glu(238), Glu(239), Asp(241), Glu(243), and Trp(244)).	Carbohydrates	176-188	calreticulin	Homo sapiens	123-135
16203750-1	2006	AIMS: Alcohol consumption reduces the carbohydrate content of some glycoproteins, e.g. carbohydrate-deficient transferrin.	Carbohydrates	38-50	transferrin	Homo sapiens	110-121
16489632-6	2006	Low fat diets are difficult to adhere to and recent studies have shown the potential of low carbohydrate diets for weight loss and improving insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	92-104	insulin	Homo sapiens	141-148
16408318-2	2006	Since Gcr2p is a key regulatory factor of glycolytic gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, hSGT1 is a candidate for a novel human transcription factor involved in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	170-182	Gcr2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	6-11
16203750-1	2006	AIMS: Alcohol consumption reduces the carbohydrate content of some glycoproteins, e.g. carbohydrate-deficient transferrin.	Carbohydrates	87-99	transferrin	Homo sapiens	110-121
16759053-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between plasma levels of apolipoproteins C3 (APOC3) and E (APOE) and the presence of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism abnormalities or clinical signs of lipodystrophy in HIV-1-infected patients started with a protease-inhibitor-containing antiretroviral therapy.	Carbohydrates	134-146	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	98-102
16381992-11	2006	Postprandial cumulative carbohydrate oxidation was 16.9+/-0.8 g/3 h. Insulin sensitivity and postprandial maximal decrease of ghrelin concentration showed a significant correlation (r = 0.803, P &lt; 0.01).	Carbohydrates	24-36	insulin	Homo sapiens	69-76
17077058-1	2006	The replacement in the diet of refined carbohydrate and fat with fibre and protein has been shown to promote satiety and improve glucose and insulin profiles.	Carbohydrates	39-51	insulin	Homo sapiens	141-148
16028214-4	2006	Insights from an evolutionary perspective suggest that the ability of the body to evoke insulin resistance and store energy as fat within muscle cells is a normal physiological response to aid our survival during food or carbohydrate scarcity, but this "hunter-gatherer physiology" predisposes to diabetes in a modern environment characterized by ample food availability and muscle inactivity.	Carbohydrates	221-233	insulin	Homo sapiens	88-95
16381992-12	2006	Moreover, the postprandial carbohydrate oxidation rate correlated with the area under the curve for both insulin (r = 0.673, P &lt; 0.03) and ghrelin (r = -0.661, P &lt; 0.04).	Carbohydrates	27-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	105-112
17078565-3	2006	The hydrolysis efficiencies of carbohydrate and protein were evaluated by carbon and nitrogen content of solids, amylase activity and proteinase activity.	Carbohydrates	31-43	endogenous retrovirus group K member 25	Homo sapiens	134-144
16740401-3	2006	After first ascertaining species specificity of occurrence of galectin-5, constituted by a short section of rat galectin-9"s N-terminal part and its C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain, by database mining, we next detected and defined sequence differences in the proximal promoter region between the two genes.	Carbohydrates	160-172	galectin 5	Rattus norvegicus	62-72
16538641-0	2006	Serum level of sialic acid (SA) and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in type 2 diabetes mellitus with microvascular complications.	Carbohydrates	36-48	transferrin	Homo sapiens	59-70
16538641-2	2006	Therefore, we explored the serum concentration of SA, and the less sialylated isoforms of transferrin, termed carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), in relation to the presence of microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Carbohydrates	110-122	transferrin	Homo sapiens	90-101
16538641-2	2006	Therefore, we explored the serum concentration of SA, and the less sialylated isoforms of transferrin, termed carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), in relation to the presence of microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Carbohydrates	110-122	transferrin	Homo sapiens	133-144
16387895-4	2006	It was shown that postoperative insulin resistance can be attenuated by preoperative intake of a clear carbohydrate-rich beverage.	Carbohydrates	103-115	insulin	Homo sapiens	32-39
16798850-1	2006	The aim of this work was to investigate the importance of cytosolic phosphorylating glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPC) in potato carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	142-154	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Solanum tuberosum	84-124
16365436-1	2006	The C-type lectin L-SIGN is expressed on liver and lymph node endothelial cells, where it serves as a receptor for a variety of carbohydrate ligands, including ICAM-3, Ebola, and HIV.	Carbohydrates	128-140	C-type lectin domain family 4 member M	Homo sapiens	18-24
16711250-0	2006	Screening of carbohydrate-specific phage antibodies against recombinant human erythropoietin (rhuEPO) using a phage display antibody library: preliminary study.	Carbohydrates	13-25	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	78-92
16711250-1	2006	This paper is a preliminary report on development of a screening method for carbohydrate-specific phage antibodies against recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO), using a phage display antibody library.	Carbohydrates	76-88	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	141-155
16321476-13	2006	If the hypothesis is valid, clinicians may be able to prevent postpartum mood disorders by carbohydrate-rich food during the postpartum period to stimulate the secretion of insulin.	Carbohydrates	91-103	insulin	Homo sapiens	173-180
16154710-9	2006	PPAR-gamma influences the gene expression involved in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	54-66	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-10
16489296-1	2006	The new biochemical marker of chronic alcohol abuse are transferrin isoforms with a reduced number of sialic acids (asialo-, monosialo-, and disialotransferrin) called carbohydrate-deficient transferrins (CDTs).	Carbohydrates	168-180	transferrin	Homo sapiens	56-67
17132495-2	2006	Among these carbohydrates, polysialic acid is a unique glycan that modulates functions of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) by attenuating NCAM-mediated interaction between neural cells.	Carbohydrates	12-25	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	94-123
17132495-2	2006	Among these carbohydrates, polysialic acid is a unique glycan that modulates functions of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) by attenuating NCAM-mediated interaction between neural cells.	Carbohydrates	12-25	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	125-129
17132495-2	2006	Among these carbohydrates, polysialic acid is a unique glycan that modulates functions of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) by attenuating NCAM-mediated interaction between neural cells.	Carbohydrates	12-25	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	146-150
16144857-2	2006	MPO triggers the generation of reactive oxygen species, leading to irreversible protein, carbohydrate and lipid modification.	Carbohydrates	89-101	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	0-3
16820733-15	2006	Since insulin increases leptin release, lower circulating insulin and leptin after fructose ingestion might inhibit appetite less than consumption of other carbohydrates and lead to increased energy intake.	Carbohydrates	156-169	insulin	Homo sapiens	58-65
17077646-1	2006	Cytosolic CuZn-SOD (SOD1) is a dimeric, carbohydrate-free enzyme with a molecular weight of about 32 kDa and also circulates in human blood plasma.	Carbohydrates	40-52	superoxide dismutase 1	Rattus norvegicus	10-18
17077646-1	2006	Cytosolic CuZn-SOD (SOD1) is a dimeric, carbohydrate-free enzyme with a molecular weight of about 32 kDa and also circulates in human blood plasma.	Carbohydrates	40-52	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	20-24
17177633-1	2006	Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived hormone involved in the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	74-86	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	0-11
16219767-8	2005	We found that FGF1 dimerization upon heparin was favored over monomeric interactions even when a large excess of saccharide was present.	Carbohydrates	113-123	fibroblast growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	14-18
17111933-2	2006	Adiponectin deficiency induces obesity and decreases insulin-regulated carbohydrate metabolism, thus leading to insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	71-83	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	0-11
17111933-2	2006	Adiponectin deficiency induces obesity and decreases insulin-regulated carbohydrate metabolism, thus leading to insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	71-83	insulin	Homo sapiens	53-60
17111933-2	2006	Adiponectin deficiency induces obesity and decreases insulin-regulated carbohydrate metabolism, thus leading to insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	71-83	insulin	Homo sapiens	112-119
17111933-5	2006	Obesity and diabetes lower the tissue concentration of the receptors, thus impeding adiponectin regulation of lipid exchange and lowering the effectiveness of the insulin control of carbohydrate exchange.	Carbohydrates	182-194	insulin	Homo sapiens	163-170
16366586-12	2005	Comparison of GME with other SDR enzymes known to abstract a protein alpha to the keto function of a carbohydrate identifies key common features.	Carbohydrates	101-113	GDP-D-mannose 3',5'-epimerase	Arabidopsis thaliana	14-17
16155004-1	2005	HB-GAM (heparin-binding growth-associated molecule, also designated as pleiotrophin) and midkine form a two-member family of extracellular matrix proteins that bind tightly to sulfated carbohydrate structures such as heparan sulfate.	Carbohydrates	185-197	pleiotrophin	Homo sapiens	0-6
16155004-1	2005	HB-GAM (heparin-binding growth-associated molecule, also designated as pleiotrophin) and midkine form a two-member family of extracellular matrix proteins that bind tightly to sulfated carbohydrate structures such as heparan sulfate.	Carbohydrates	185-197	pleiotrophin	Homo sapiens	8-50
16155004-1	2005	HB-GAM (heparin-binding growth-associated molecule, also designated as pleiotrophin) and midkine form a two-member family of extracellular matrix proteins that bind tightly to sulfated carbohydrate structures such as heparan sulfate.	Carbohydrates	185-197	pleiotrophin	Homo sapiens	71-83
16331960-0	2005	Differential susceptibility of transferrin glycoforms to chymotrypsin: a proteomics approach to the detection of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin.	Carbohydrates	113-125	transferrin	Homo sapiens	136-147
16359551-2	2005	Because low carbohydrate diets have been shown to reduce insulin resistance, this pilot study investigated the six-month metabolic and endocrine effects of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet (LCKD) on overweight and obese women with PCOS.	Carbohydrates	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	57-64
16331960-2	2005	This study investigated an alternative approach in the detection of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin based on the premise that glycosylation may afford some degree of protection to proteolytic action.	Carbohydrates	68-80	transferrin	Homo sapiens	91-102
16331960-11	2005	This novel approach could form the basis for an alternative assay or reference method for the detection of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin.	Carbohydrates	107-119	transferrin	Homo sapiens	130-141
16332654-2	2005	OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to test whether carbohydrate dietary modifications improve insulin sensitivity and secretion and glucose tolerance in overweight or obese persons with the metabolic syndrome, even in the absence of weight loss.	Carbohydrates	39-51	insulin	Homo sapiens	82-89
16351724-5	2005	The carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-A appeared to be a major determinant of the interaction, by recognizing alpha1-antitrypsin carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	4-16	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	114-132
16351724-5	2005	The carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-A appeared to be a major determinant of the interaction, by recognizing alpha1-antitrypsin carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	133-145	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	114-132
16030063-1	2005	Ingestion of carbohydrate during exercise may blunt the stimulation of fat oxidative pathways by raising plasma insulin and glucose concentrations and lowering plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels, thereby causing a marked shift in substrate oxidation.	Carbohydrates	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	112-119
16332654-10	2005	CONCLUSIONS: Rye bread and pasta-based carbohydrate modification enhances early insulin secretion in persons with the metabolic syndrome, which may lower the risk of deteriorating glucose tolerance and development of type 2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	39-51	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	27-32
16601762-2	2005	They are described as important regulators of lipid and saccharide metabolism including insulin sensitivity; therefore they are taken as marker of metabolic syndrome.	Carbohydrates	56-66	insulin	Homo sapiens	88-95
16306099-0	2005	Analysis of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin: comparative evaluation of turbidimetric immunoassay, capillary zone electrophoresis, and HPLC.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
16215866-1	2005	OBJECTIVE: The amount and composition of dietary carbohydrates is a major determinant of postprandial blood glucose and insulin, and risk of breast cancer has been positively associated with plasma levels of insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1.	Carbohydrates	49-62	insulin	Homo sapiens	120-127
16215866-1	2005	OBJECTIVE: The amount and composition of dietary carbohydrates is a major determinant of postprandial blood glucose and insulin, and risk of breast cancer has been positively associated with plasma levels of insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1.	Carbohydrates	49-62	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	220-248
16024009-9	2005	Early transient hypertransaminasemia reliably predicts biliary etiology, while serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and trypsin may predict an alcoholic etiology.	Carbohydrates	85-97	transferrin	Homo sapiens	108-119
16213777-2	2006	In addition to the important role in carcinogenesis, Akt is a major regulator of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	81-93	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	53-56
16328467-0	2005	Carbohydrate-binding specificities of mouse ficolin A, a splicing variant of ficolin A and ficolin B and their complex formation with MASP-2 and sMAP.	Carbohydrates	0-12	ficolin A	Mus musculus	44-53
16328467-0	2005	Carbohydrate-binding specificities of mouse ficolin A, a splicing variant of ficolin A and ficolin B and their complex formation with MASP-2 and sMAP.	Carbohydrates	0-12	ficolin A	Mus musculus	77-86
16256006-5	2005	Most consistent are greater changes in high-density lipoprotein (HDL), HDL2, and apolipoprotein A-I levels in women compared with men with high-carbohydrate or high-fat feeding.	Carbohydrates	144-156	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	81-99
16197464-8	2005	A particular problem in the field of cross-reactivity are specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies directed against carbohydrate epitopes, which may induce multiple positive test results (skin test, in vitro tests) of still unknown clinical significance.	Carbohydrates	118-130	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	67-89
16241931-6	2005	RESULTS: In patients with normal carbohydrate metabolism, negative correlations were observed between the coronary flow reserve and both the serum insulin level (r = -0.445, P = 0.026) and the homeostasis assessment model insulin resistance score (r = -0.449, P = 0.024).	Carbohydrates	33-45	insulin	Homo sapiens	147-154
19079907-0	2005	Determining the relationship between dietary carbohydrate intake and insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	45-57	insulin	Homo sapiens	69-76
19079907-5	2005	Despite inherent limitations associated with techniques used to measure insulin resistance and dietary assessment, most intervention studies reveal an increase in glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity with high-carbohydrate, low-fat diets in non-diabetic and diabetic individuals.	Carbohydrates	214-226	insulin	Homo sapiens	184-191
19079907-9	2005	While current evidence supports FAO/WHO recommendations to maintain a high-carbohydrate diet with low-GI foods, the relationships between carbohydrate and insulin sensitivity remains an important research area.	Carbohydrates	138-150	insulin	Homo sapiens	155-162
16288655-5	2005	Carbohydrate restriction is one of several strategies for reducing body mass but even in the absence of weight loss or in comparison with low fat alternatives, CHO restriction is effective at ameliorating high fasting glucose and insulin, high plasma triglycerides (TAG), low HDL and high blood pressure.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	230-237
16340458-0	2005	Cost-benefit analysis of a new alcohol biomarker, carbohydrate deficient transferrin, in a chronic illness primary care sample.	Carbohydrates	50-62	transferrin	Homo sapiens	73-84
16340458-1	2005	BACKGROUND: Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin (CDT) is a new alcohol biomarker recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for alcohol screening.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
15893855-6	2005	Thus, by favoring carbohydrate over fat metabolism in muscle and reversing hyperglycemia, PVN GAL may have a function in counteracting the metabolic disturbances induced by a high-fat diet.	Carbohydrates	18-30	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	94-97
16227985-4	2005	Carbohydrate structural analysis showed that 6-sulfo sialyl Lewis X, a dominant ligand for L-selectin, was almost completely absent from the high endothelial venules of these mutant mice, whereas the amount of unsulfated sialyl Lewis X was much greater.	Carbohydrates	0-12	selectin, lymphocyte	Mus musculus	91-101
15893855-0	2005	PVN galanin increases fat storage and promotes obesity by causing muscle to utilize carbohydrate more than fat.	Carbohydrates	84-96	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	4-11
15893855-2	2005	With food absent during the test, acute injection of GAL (300 pmol/0.3 microl) significantly increased phosphofructokinase activity in muscle, suggesting enhanced capacity to metabolize carbohydrate, and reduced circulating glucose levels.	Carbohydrates	186-198	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	53-56
16190738-1	2005	Peptide thioester corresponding to a MUC2 tandem repeat unit, which retains seven GalNAc moieties, was prepared by the Fmoc method followed by the low TfOH treatment to remove benzyl groups at the carbohydrate portions.	Carbohydrates	197-209	mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	37-41
15979768-0	2005	Effect of "preoperative" oral carbohydrate treatment on insulin action--a randomised cross-over unblinded study in healthy subjects.	Carbohydrates	30-42	insulin	Homo sapiens	56-63
16185209-0	2005	Validity of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (%CDT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) and mean corpuscular erythrocyte volume (MCV) as biomarkers for chronic alcohol abuse: a study in patients with alcohol dependence and liver disorders of non-alcoholic and alcoholic origin.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
16185209-1	2005	AIM: To test the clinical performance of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (%CDT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) and mean corpuscular erythrocyte volume (MCV) as biomarkers for alcoholism with a special focus on patients suffering from liver diseases.	Carbohydrates	41-53	transferrin	Homo sapiens	64-75
15979768-1	2005	BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Preoperative intake of a clear carbohydrate-rich drink reduces insulin resistance after surgery.	Carbohydrates	52-64	insulin	Homo sapiens	84-91
15979768-8	2005	CONCLUSIONS: A carbohydrate-rich drink enhances insulin action 3 h later by approximately 50%.	Carbohydrates	15-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	48-55
16178908-0	2005	Carbohydrate-deficient isoforms of transferrin (%CDT) and sialic acid (SA) in iron-deficiency anemia.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
16139893-4	2005	The influences of sialic acid in the carbohydrate chain of human serum Tf (hTf) were studied using asialo-hTf, obtained by treatment with sialidase.	Carbohydrates	37-49	transferrin	Homo sapiens	71-73
16178908-1	2005	This study has investigated the serum levels of carbohydrate-deficient isoforms of transferrin (CDT) and sialic acid (SA) in iron-deficiency anemia (IDA).	Carbohydrates	48-60	transferrin	Homo sapiens	83-94
16186415-3	2005	In the apical GLUT2 model, the glucose transported by the Na(+)/glucose cotransporter SGLT1 promotes insertion of GLUT2 into the apical membrane within minutes, so that the mechanism operates during assimilation of a meal containing high-glycemic index carbohydrate to provide a facilitated component of absorption up to three times greater than by SGLT1.	Carbohydrates	253-265	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Homo sapiens	86-91
16159120-1	2005	Mass spectrometry, and specifically sequential stages of mass spectrometry (MSn), is an established tool for the analysis of carbohydrates, proteins, and more recently glycosaminoglycans.	Carbohydrates	125-138	moesin	Homo sapiens	76-79
16131073-8	2005	The different atomic and molecular MS methods revealed the presence of elevated carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) isoforms in human serum samples from chronic alcohol consumption patients.	Carbohydrates	80-92	transferrin	Homo sapiens	103-114
16116205-8	2005	M-ficolin bound to several neoglycoproteins bearing GlcNAc, N-acetylgalactosamine, and sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine, suggesting that M-ficolin can recognize the common carbohydrate residues found in microbes.	Carbohydrates	166-178	ficolin 1	Homo sapiens	0-9
16116205-8	2005	M-ficolin bound to several neoglycoproteins bearing GlcNAc, N-acetylgalactosamine, and sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine, suggesting that M-ficolin can recognize the common carbohydrate residues found in microbes.	Carbohydrates	166-178	ficolin 1	Homo sapiens	131-140
16139893-6	2005	The above findings are discussed in relation to diseases in which the serum concentrations of carbohydrate-deficient Tf and oxalate are augmented.	Carbohydrates	94-106	transferrin	Homo sapiens	117-119
16194480-4	2005	The two most relevant markers are the gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and carbohydrate deficient transferrin.	Carbohydrates	71-83	transferrin	Homo sapiens	94-105
16087988-1	2005	BACKGROUND: Observational studies have found that dietary glycemic load is positively associated with C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations in healthy humans, which suggests that the type of carbohydrate ingested influences inflammatory activity.	Carbohydrates	193-205	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	102-120
16584073-5	2005	Most cases can be detected by screening carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, but definitive diagnosis requires enzymatic and molecular confirmation, frequently in collaboration with a research glycobiologist.	Carbohydrates	40-52	transferrin	Homo sapiens	63-74
15899888-5	2005	When submitted to a controlled fasting-refeeding schedule, FXR(-/-) mice displayed an accelerated response to high carbohydrate refeeding with an accelerated induction of glycolytic and lipogenic genes and a more pronounced repression of gluconeogenic genes.	Carbohydrates	115-127	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4	Mus musculus	59-62
15899888-6	2005	Plasma insulin and glucose levels were lower in FXR(-/-) mice upon refeeding the high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	86-98	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4	Mus musculus	48-51
15899888-10	2005	Moreover, activated FXR interfered negatively with the carbohydrate response elements regions.	Carbohydrates	55-67	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4	Mus musculus	20-23
15899888-11	2005	These results identify a novel role for FXR as a modulator of hepatic carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	70-82	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4	Mus musculus	40-43
16061223-2	2005	SP-D recognizes carbohydrate arrays present on microbial surfaces via its CRDs, agglutinates microbes and enhances their phagocytosis.	Carbohydrates	16-28	surfactant associated protein D	Mus musculus	0-4
16087988-1	2005	BACKGROUND: Observational studies have found that dietary glycemic load is positively associated with C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations in healthy humans, which suggests that the type of carbohydrate ingested influences inflammatory activity.	Carbohydrates	193-205	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	122-125
16053464-5	2005	When the drinking history is inconclusive, elevated values of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and/or gammaglutamyl transferase can support a clinical suspicion.	Carbohydrates	62-74	transferrin	Homo sapiens	85-96
16040850-0	2005	Comparison of HPLC and capillary electrophoresis for confirmatory testing of the alcohol misuse marker carbohydrate-deficient transferrin.	Carbohydrates	103-115	transferrin	Homo sapiens	126-137
16002036-0	2005	Relationship between blood alcohol concentration and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin among drivers.	Carbohydrates	53-65	transferrin	Homo sapiens	76-87
16002036-1	2005	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) was quantified in 408 blood specimens, randomly selected from 1260 drivers apprehended and submitted to blood alcohol concentration (BAC) determination.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
15839836-1	2005	To enhance the delivery of rhGAA (recombinant GAA, where GAA stands for acid alpha-glucosidase) to the affected muscles in Pompe disease, the carbohydrate moieties on the enzyme were remodelled to exhibit a high affinity ligand for the CI-MPR (cation-independent M6P receptor, where M6P stands for mannose 6-phosphate).	Carbohydrates	142-154	glucosidase, alpha, acid	Mus musculus	29-32
15839836-1	2005	To enhance the delivery of rhGAA (recombinant GAA, where GAA stands for acid alpha-glucosidase) to the affected muscles in Pompe disease, the carbohydrate moieties on the enzyme were remodelled to exhibit a high affinity ligand for the CI-MPR (cation-independent M6P receptor, where M6P stands for mannose 6-phosphate).	Carbohydrates	142-154	glucosidase, alpha, acid	Mus musculus	46-49
16011521-1	2005	Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a pattern-recognition molecule of the innate immune system that recognizes various microbial surface-specific carbohydrate and lipid patterns.	Carbohydrates	141-153	surfactant protein D	Sus scrofa	0-20
16011521-1	2005	Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a pattern-recognition molecule of the innate immune system that recognizes various microbial surface-specific carbohydrate and lipid patterns.	Carbohydrates	141-153	surfactant protein D	Sus scrofa	22-26
16012278-5	2005	Subjects were evaluated periodically for alcohol consumption, craving, and biologic markers of drinking (carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and gamma-glutamyltransferase).	Carbohydrates	105-117	transferrin	Homo sapiens	128-139
15899950-14	2005	Furthermore, L-folic acid intake induced a significant improvement in carbohydrate metabolism through an increase in fractional hepatic insulin extraction (P &lt; 0.05) and peripheral insulin sensitivity (P &lt; 0.02) in normoinsulinemic women.	Carbohydrates	70-82	insulin	Homo sapiens	136-143
15976000-9	2005	In conclusion, it is shown that both units contribute to the processing of the cubilin-AMN complex to the apical membrane: AMN interacts with the EGF domains of cubilin and is responsible for membrane attachment and export of the complex from the endoplasmic reticulum, whereas the extracellular cubilin molecule is responsible for apical sorting of the complex in a carbohydrate-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	367-379	protein amnionless	Canis lupus familiaris	87-90
15976000-9	2005	In conclusion, it is shown that both units contribute to the processing of the cubilin-AMN complex to the apical membrane: AMN interacts with the EGF domains of cubilin and is responsible for membrane attachment and export of the complex from the endoplasmic reticulum, whereas the extracellular cubilin molecule is responsible for apical sorting of the complex in a carbohydrate-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	367-379	protein amnionless	Canis lupus familiaris	123-126
16003235-0	2005	Carbohydrates borne on human glycophorin A are recognized by porcine Kupffer cells.	Carbohydrates	0-13	glycophorin A (MNS blood group)	Homo sapiens	29-42
16045639-4	2005	Short-term efficacy of low-carbohydrate diets has been demonstrated for some lipid parameters of cardiovascular risk and measures of glucose control and insulin sensitivity, but no studies have ascertained if these effects represent a change in primary outcome measures.	Carbohydrates	27-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	153-160
15998337-3	2005	Besides a well-documented stimulatory effect of GH on carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism, and a possible anabolic effect on myofibrillar muscle protein, we suggest a role for GH as an anabolic agent in connective tissue in human skeletal muscle and tendon.	Carbohydrates	54-66	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	48-50
15917223-2	2005	Known L-selectin ligands include sulfated Lewis-type carbohydrates, glycolipids, and proteoglycans.	Carbohydrates	53-66	selectin, lymphocyte	Mus musculus	6-16
16013590-2	2005	In the past few years, its analysis in body fluids has attracted considerable attention because it closes a gap between short time and long time alcohol markers such as ethanol and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, respectively.	Carbohydrates	181-193	transferrin	Homo sapiens	204-215
16002803-1	2005	BACKGROUND: Although insulin secretion after carbohydrate ingestion is severely impaired in patients with type 2 diabetes, amino acid and protein co-ingestion can substantially increase plasma insulin responses.	Carbohydrates	45-57	insulin	Homo sapiens	21-28
16018812-5	2005	Because carbohydrate is the major secretagogue of insulin, some form of carbohydrate restriction is a prima facie candidate for dietary control of diabetes.	Carbohydrates	8-20	insulin	Homo sapiens	50-57
16018812-5	2005	Because carbohydrate is the major secretagogue of insulin, some form of carbohydrate restriction is a prima facie candidate for dietary control of diabetes.	Carbohydrates	72-84	insulin	Homo sapiens	50-57
16002803-12	2005	CONCLUSIONS: The combined ingestion of carbohydrate with a protein hydrolysate and amino acid mixture significantly increases de novo insulin production in patients with a long-term diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	39-51	insulin	Homo sapiens	134-141
16002817-6	2005	Replacing fats with carbohydrates significantly decreased the size and ultracentrifuge flotation rate of the major LDL and the LDL mass concentrations of large, buoyant LDL; LDL-I; HDL cholesterol; and apolipoprotein A-I and significantly increased concentrations of LDL-IIIA (24.7-25.5 nm) and lipoprotein(a).	Carbohydrates	20-33	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	202-220
16002817-7	2005	CONCLUSIONS: Even in the presence of extreme differences in exercise, genes significantly affect changes in LDL, apolipoprotein A-I, lipoprotein(a), and body weight when dietary fats are replaced with carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	201-214	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	113-131
15998804-0	2005	Aberrant lysosomal carbohydrate storage accompanies endocytic defects and neurodegeneration in Drosophila benchwarmer.	Carbohydrates	19-31	spinster	Drosophila melanogaster	106-117
15998804-3	2005	Here, we report that loss of Drosophila benchwarmer (bnch), a predicted lysosomal sugar carrier, leads to carbohydrate storage in yolk spheres during oogenesis and results in widespread accumulation of enlarged lysosomal and late endosomal inclusions.	Carbohydrates	106-118	spinster	Drosophila melanogaster	40-51
15998804-3	2005	Here, we report that loss of Drosophila benchwarmer (bnch), a predicted lysosomal sugar carrier, leads to carbohydrate storage in yolk spheres during oogenesis and results in widespread accumulation of enlarged lysosomal and late endosomal inclusions.	Carbohydrates	106-118	spinster	Drosophila melanogaster	53-57
16002819-11	2005	CONCLUSION: Insulin sensitivity decreased in subjects with the Thr54 allele of the FABP2 polymorphism when SFAs were replaced by MUFAs and carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	139-152	insulin	Homo sapiens	12-19
15998804-8	2005	We hypothesize that, in bnch, defective lysosomal carbohydrate efflux leads to endocytic defects with functional consequences in synaptic strength, neuronal viability, and tau neurotoxicity.	Carbohydrates	50-62	spinster	Drosophila melanogaster	24-28
15994972-6	2005	DC-SIGN mediates these interactions through binding of Lewis(x) and Lewis(y) carbohydrates on CEA of colorectal cancer cells.	Carbohydrates	77-90	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	0-7
16002819-11	2005	CONCLUSION: Insulin sensitivity decreased in subjects with the Thr54 allele of the FABP2 polymorphism when SFAs were replaced by MUFAs and carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	139-152	fatty acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	83-88
15864537-0	2005	Are ethnic differences in insulin sensitivity explained by variation in carbohydrate intake?	Carbohydrates	72-84	insulin	Homo sapiens	26-33
15930970-2	2005	It will focus on aspects of carbohydrate metabolism related to insulin action.	Carbohydrates	28-40	insulin	Homo sapiens	63-70
16006297-7	2005	QTc in the low-carbohydrate group correlated with improvement in insulin resistance, but this finding was not significant after correction for the greater weight loss.	Carbohydrates	15-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	65-72
15983197-8	2005	USF1 mRNA levels were increased in mouse kidneys with carbohydrate refeeding, and USF1 protein was increased in diabetic rat kidneys compared with controls.	Carbohydrates	54-66	upstream transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	0-4
15983197-9	2005	We conclude that USF1 is stimulated by modest increases in glucose concentration in murine mesangial cells, bind to the murine TGF-beta1 promoter, contribute to carbohydrate-induced renal TGF-beta1 expression, and may play a role in diabetes-related gene regulation in the kidney.	Carbohydrates	161-173	upstream transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	17-21
16012940-1	2005	BACKGROUND &amp; AIMS: High-carbohydrate diets with a high glycemic response may exacerbate the metabolic consequences of the insulin-resistance syndrome.	Carbohydrates	28-40	insulin	Homo sapiens	126-133
15992815-7	2005	Inversely, the binding of the carbohydrate ligands to the immobilized Stx1B was inhibited by the mAb pretreatment.	Carbohydrates	30-42	syntaxin 1B	Mus musculus	70-75
15970464-8	2005	The oxidation rate of carbohydrate significantly increased and that of fat significantly decreased in Group C. Administration of the BCAA-rich nutrient is considered to be useful in improving abnormalities of energy metabolism during EIS.	Carbohydrates	22-34	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	133-137
16007256-1	2005	Metabolic flexibility of skeletal muscle, that is, the preference for fat oxidation (FOx) during fasting and for carbohydrate oxidation in response to insulin, is decreased during insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	113-125	insulin	Homo sapiens	151-158
16007256-1	2005	Metabolic flexibility of skeletal muscle, that is, the preference for fat oxidation (FOx) during fasting and for carbohydrate oxidation in response to insulin, is decreased during insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	113-125	insulin	Homo sapiens	180-187
22063749-5	2005	In addition, meat as a protein rich and carbohydrate "low" product contributes to a low glycemic index which is assumed to be "beneficial" with respect to overweight, the development of diabetes and cancer (insulin resistance hypothesis).	Carbohydrates	40-52	insulin	Homo sapiens	207-214
15924140-3	2005	The resulting additional carbohydrate moiety was both necessary and sufficient to abolish the cellular response to IFNgamma.	Carbohydrates	25-37	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	115-123
15988320-5	2005	We hypothesized that serum levels of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT, disialotransferrin) may increase rapidly in septic patients.	Carbohydrates	37-49	transferrin	Homo sapiens	60-71
16408000-2	2005	Incorporation of a photoactive sialic acid analog into B-cell surface glycoproteins suggests that CD22 molecules may cluster by binding carbohydrate antigens on neighboring CD22 molecules.	Carbohydrates	136-148	CD22 molecule	Homo sapiens	98-102
16408000-2	2005	Incorporation of a photoactive sialic acid analog into B-cell surface glycoproteins suggests that CD22 molecules may cluster by binding carbohydrate antigens on neighboring CD22 molecules.	Carbohydrates	136-148	CD22 molecule	Homo sapiens	173-177
16466011-1	2005	INTRODUCTION: In patients with carbohydrate or lipid disturbances higher inflammatory markers levels and lower adiponectin levels were observed.	Carbohydrates	31-43	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	111-122
15855257-11	2005	CONCLUSIONS: 1) GH-deficient patients properly treated in childhood can have normal BMD, body composition, cardiac function, muscle strength, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and QOL when reaching adult height; and 2) continuation of GH therapy for 2 yr did not change these measures as compared to placebo-treated or control subjects.	Carbohydrates	142-154	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	16-18
15831500-1	2005	Liver X receptors (LXR) alpha and beta are nuclear oxysterol receptors with established roles in cholesterol, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	121-133	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3	Mus musculus	6-29
15845541-1	2005	The scavenger receptor C-type lectin (SRCL) is an endothelial receptor that is similar in organization to type A scavenger receptors for modified low density lipoproteins but contains a C-type carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD).	Carbohydrates	193-205	collectin subfamily member 12	Homo sapiens	4-36
15845541-1	2005	The scavenger receptor C-type lectin (SRCL) is an endothelial receptor that is similar in organization to type A scavenger receptors for modified low density lipoproteins but contains a C-type carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD).	Carbohydrates	193-205	collectin subfamily member 12	Homo sapiens	38-42
15843379-11	2005	This is the first study indicating the presence of the non-sulfated HNK-1 carbohydrate being synthesized by GlcAT-S in the kidney.	Carbohydrates	74-86	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 2 (glucuronosyltransferase S)	Mus musculus	108-115
15936310-0	2005	HPLC analysis of carbohydrate deficient transferrin isoforms isolated by the Axis-Shield %CDT method.	Carbohydrates	17-29	transferrin	Homo sapiens	40-51
31627583-2	2005	It has been established that oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus can be the result of several mechanisms: a) increased formation of reactive oxidants that are formed during the oxidation of both carbohydrates themselves and carbohydrates complexing with various proteins, as well as the result of autooxidation of fatty acids in triglycerides, phospholipids and esters cholesterol; b) reducing the activity of the antioxidant system in the body, which is represented by glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, vitamins, K, E and C and other antioxidants (taurine, carotene, uric acid and ubiquinol); c) disorders of enzymes of polyol glucose metabolism, mitochondrial oxidation, metabolism of prostaglandins and leukotrienes and a decrease in glyoxalase activity; d) violation of the concentration or exchange of glutathione and ions of certain metals.	Carbohydrates	226-239	catalase	Homo sapiens	509-517
15637182-10	2005	In conclusion, carbohydrate intolerance in liver cirrhosis is determined by insulin resistance and the ability of glucose to stimulate insulin secretion.	Carbohydrates	15-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	76-83
15637182-10	2005	In conclusion, carbohydrate intolerance in liver cirrhosis is determined by insulin resistance and the ability of glucose to stimulate insulin secretion.	Carbohydrates	15-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	135-142
15914793-0	2005	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin measured by capillary zone electrophoresis and by turbidimetric immunoassay for identification of young heavy drinkers.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
15941900-9	2005	The increase in plasma IGF-I was greater in the protein group than in the carbohydrate group (time x supplement interaction, P = 0.01).	Carbohydrates	74-86	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	23-28
15936310-1	2005	BACKGROUND: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is elevated during prolonged overconsumption of alcohol and CDT is considered to be the most specific biochemical marker for alcohol overconsumption.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
15920058-3	2005	We used baseline data and examined cross-sectional associations between carbohydrate-related dietary factors and an estimate of insulin resistance in 5,675 subjects at 30-60 years.	Carbohydrates	72-84	insulin	Homo sapiens	128-135
15944030-3	2005	Hypothalamic GAL is relatively unresponsive to food deprivation and to changes in corticosterone, glucose utilization, dietary carbohydrate and leptin.	Carbohydrates	127-139	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	13-16
15824074-9	2005	Alternatively, the lack of AOX in AS8 cells under N limitation resulted in enhanced carbohydrate accumulation.	Carbohydrates	84-96	ubiquinol oxidase 1, mitochondrial	Nicotiana tabacum	27-30
15926145-6	2005	Research has also illustrated an association between the rate of carbohydrate degradation during digestion, and the regulation of postprandial blood sugar and insulin levels.	Carbohydrates	65-77	insulin	Homo sapiens	159-166
16088298-5	2005	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, a new alcohol biomarker with high specificity, can provide objective data for feedback and counseling.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
15853306-0	2005	Reversible insulin self-assembly under carbohydrate control.	Carbohydrates	39-51	insulin	Homo sapiens	11-18
15797136-5	2005	At a higher concentration of surfactant, the I1/I3 ratio of hyaluronate/surfactant was influenced by the addition of saccharide (glucose, lactose, or mannitol).	Carbohydrates	117-127	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 1A	Homo sapiens	45-50
15853306-1	2005	Insulin with built-in pairs of boronates and polyols can produce soluble high molecular weight self-assemblies under control by carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	128-141	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
15866225-2	2005	The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of postexercise carbohydrate diet on GLUT4 and hexokinase (HK) II mRNA levels in the human skeletal muscle.	Carbohydrates	70-82	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	101-111
15811898-7	2005	High-dose insulin appears to enhance cardiac carbohydrate metabolism and has direct inotropic effects.	Carbohydrates	45-57	insulin	Homo sapiens	10-17
15705778-5	2005	Furthermore, we found that glucose-induced TXNIP transcription is not dependent on glucose metabolism and is mediated by a distinct carbohydrate response element (ChoRE) in the human TXNIP promoter consisting of a perfect nonpalindromic repeat of two E-boxes.	Carbohydrates	132-144	thioredoxin interacting protein	Homo sapiens	43-48
15705778-5	2005	Furthermore, we found that glucose-induced TXNIP transcription is not dependent on glucose metabolism and is mediated by a distinct carbohydrate response element (ChoRE) in the human TXNIP promoter consisting of a perfect nonpalindromic repeat of two E-boxes.	Carbohydrates	132-144	thioredoxin interacting protein	Homo sapiens	183-188
15926937-4	2005	NPY release was measured in vivo through the push-pull technique after a stimulation with 2-deoxy-glucose (2DG), a blocker of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	126-138	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
15953985-2	2005	Glycemic index and glycemic load are measures, which allow the carbohydrate content of individual foods to be classified according to their postprandial glycemic effects and hence their effects on circulating insulin levels.	Carbohydrates	63-75	insulin	Homo sapiens	209-216
15811138-2	2005	The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of diets high in either carbohydrate or protein on the inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin and transferrin in plasma after weight loss.	Carbohydrates	83-95	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	135-153
15811138-2	2005	The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of diets high in either carbohydrate or protein on the inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin and transferrin in plasma after weight loss.	Carbohydrates	83-95	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	155-158
15889974-4	2005	Adiponectin, an adipocytokine first described as the most abundant protein produced by adipocytes, appears to serve as a central regulatory protein in many of the physiologic pathways controlling lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and to mediate various vascular processes.	Carbohydrates	206-218	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	0-11
15843584-6	2005	Importantly, we show that Abs directed against cutaneous lymphocyte Ag (CLA), a FucT-VII-dependent carbohydrate modification of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1, blocked rolling of Th1 cells.	Carbohydrates	99-111	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	181-184
15858705-10	2005	METHODS: Lectin containing agarose gel for AFP electrophoresis leads to AFP separation according to different affinities of the varying carbohydrate chains of AFP to lectins.	Carbohydrates	136-148	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	43-46
15858705-10	2005	METHODS: Lectin containing agarose gel for AFP electrophoresis leads to AFP separation according to different affinities of the varying carbohydrate chains of AFP to lectins.	Carbohydrates	136-148	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	72-75
16052375-2	2005	The detected activities (leucine aminopeptidase, beta-glucosidase, alpha-glucosidase, and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase) were related to the available organic substrates (proteins and carbohydrates) and to the bacterial community (expressed in terms of abundance, biomass, and frequency of cell division).	Carbohydrates	183-196	carboxypeptidase Q	Homo sapiens	33-47
15858705-10	2005	METHODS: Lectin containing agarose gel for AFP electrophoresis leads to AFP separation according to different affinities of the varying carbohydrate chains of AFP to lectins.	Carbohydrates	136-148	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	72-75
16094856-0	2005	A carbohydrate-rich diet reduces LDL size in QQ homozygotes for the Gln 192Arg polymorphism of the paraoxonase 1 gene.	Carbohydrates	2-14	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	99-112
15854234-16	2005	Normalizing IGF-I concentrations with pegvisomant also may have a beneficial effect on carbohydrate metabolism and cardiovascular risk.	Carbohydrates	87-99	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	12-17
15827056-7	2005	These neutralizing anti-EPO Abs recognize the protein core of the EPO molecule; carbohydrate groups on EPO can affect the binding of Abs but are themselves not immunological determinants.	Carbohydrates	80-92	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	24-27
15827056-7	2005	These neutralizing anti-EPO Abs recognize the protein core of the EPO molecule; carbohydrate groups on EPO can affect the binding of Abs but are themselves not immunological determinants.	Carbohydrates	80-92	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	66-69
15827056-7	2005	These neutralizing anti-EPO Abs recognize the protein core of the EPO molecule; carbohydrate groups on EPO can affect the binding of Abs but are themselves not immunological determinants.	Carbohydrates	80-92	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	66-69
15814685-11	2005	The polymorphic residues lay within the stalk and carbohydrate recognition domain, and two of them, in loop 3 and loop 6 of the carbohydrate recognition domain, are located in the region implicated in the interaction of Ly49A with H-2D(d).	Carbohydrates	50-62	killer cell lectin-like receptor, subfamily A, member 1	Mus musculus	220-225
15784257-1	2005	The dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3 non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and its close relative DC-SIGNR recognize various glycoproteins, both pathogenic and cellular, through the receptor lectin domain-mediated carbohydrate recognition.	Carbohydrates	197-209	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	4-47
15784257-1	2005	The dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3 non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and its close relative DC-SIGNR recognize various glycoproteins, both pathogenic and cellular, through the receptor lectin domain-mediated carbohydrate recognition.	Carbohydrates	197-209	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	49-56
15837951-8	2005	Although insulin loaded onto both the adiposity and carbohydrate-metabolic factors, obesity was a much stronger correlate of high cumulative risk (odds ratio=19.2; 95% CI, 7.6 to 48.5) than hyperinsulinemia (odds ratio=3.5; 95% CI, 1.8 to 6.8).	Carbohydrates	52-64	insulin	Homo sapiens	9-16
15814685-11	2005	The polymorphic residues lay within the stalk and carbohydrate recognition domain, and two of them, in loop 3 and loop 6 of the carbohydrate recognition domain, are located in the region implicated in the interaction of Ly49A with H-2D(d).	Carbohydrates	128-140	killer cell lectin-like receptor, subfamily A, member 1	Mus musculus	220-225
15868121-4	2005	However, as a class, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) have proven only minimally to modestly effective in ameliorating the disturbances in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism that characterise the metabolic syndrome.	Carbohydrates	146-158	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	21-35
15868121-6	2005	PPARgamma is a nuclear receptor that influences the expression of multiple genes involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and is an attractive therapeutic target for the prevention and control of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis.	Carbohydrates	93-105	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-9
15817852-6	2005	RESULTS: After multivariable adjustment, adiponectin was significantly inversely related to glycemic load (-1.3 mg/L per 1-SD increase; P = 0.02) and tended to be positively associated with total fat intake (0.7 mg/L per 0.5% of energy from fat instead of carbohydrates; P = 0.06).	Carbohydrates	256-269	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	41-52
15817852-9	2005	CONCLUSIONS: Moderate alcohol intake is associated with higher adiponectin concentrations, whereas a carbohydrate-rich diet with a high glycemic load is associated with lower adiponectin concentrations in men with no history of cardiovascular disease.	Carbohydrates	101-113	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	175-186
15665033-8	2005	We therefore conclude that CAV-1 functions as a scaffolding protein for PFK and that this may contribute to the elucidation of the basis for carbohydrate compartmentation to the plasma membrane in a wide variety of cell types.	Carbohydrates	141-153	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	27-32
15793230-8	2005	The ability of GLUT4 null mice to alter hepatic carbohydrate and lipid metabolism to provide proper nutrients for peripheral tissues may explain (in part) their ability to resist diabetes when fed a normal diet.	Carbohydrates	48-60	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4	Mus musculus	15-20
15768041-10	2005	CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that in obese children, low-fat high-carbohydrate diet-induced weight loss does not change ghrelin secretion, but significantly decreases leptin levels, increases adiponectin levels and improves insulin resistance determined by significantly decreased insulin resistance indices as well as lowered serum insulin levels.	Carbohydrates	62-74	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	188-199
15768041-10	2005	CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that in obese children, low-fat high-carbohydrate diet-induced weight loss does not change ghrelin secretion, but significantly decreases leptin levels, increases adiponectin levels and improves insulin resistance determined by significantly decreased insulin resistance indices as well as lowered serum insulin levels.	Carbohydrates	62-74	insulin	Homo sapiens	220-227
15768041-10	2005	CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that in obese children, low-fat high-carbohydrate diet-induced weight loss does not change ghrelin secretion, but significantly decreases leptin levels, increases adiponectin levels and improves insulin resistance determined by significantly decreased insulin resistance indices as well as lowered serum insulin levels.	Carbohydrates	62-74	insulin	Homo sapiens	277-284
15768041-10	2005	CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that in obese children, low-fat high-carbohydrate diet-induced weight loss does not change ghrelin secretion, but significantly decreases leptin levels, increases adiponectin levels and improves insulin resistance determined by significantly decreased insulin resistance indices as well as lowered serum insulin levels.	Carbohydrates	62-74	insulin	Homo sapiens	277-284
15821100-12	2005	In summary, our results show an improvement in insulin sensitivity in men with the -514T allele of the HL promoter polymorphism, when MUFA and carbohydrates are consumed instead of SFA fat.	Carbohydrates	143-156	insulin	Homo sapiens	47-54
15634687-8	2005	c-Src/Src homology domain 2:SGC/phosphogalactosylceramide binding confirms our hypothesis, heralding a carbohydrate-based approach to regulation of phosphotyrosine-mediated recognition.	Carbohydrates	103-115	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-5
15668241-2	2005	Here we show that TNFalpha, in addition, has a regulatory function in the biosynthesis of proper carbohydrate molecules on endothelial cells that constitute ligands for adhesion molecules on leukocytes.	Carbohydrates	97-109	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	18-26
15668908-8	2005	In addition, anti-GSL antibodies, such as anti-GM1, may cause nerve dysfunction and injury by interfering with the ion channel function at the nodes of Ranvier, where carbohydrate epitopes of glycoconjugates are located.	Carbohydrates	167-179	cathepsin A	Homo sapiens	18-21
15767618-0	2005	Effect of a low-carbohydrate diet on appetite, blood glucose levels, and insulin resistance in obese patients with type 2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	16-28	insulin	Homo sapiens	73-80
15625607-1	2005	PURPOSE: Heparanase cleaves carbohydrate chains of heparan sulphate proteoglycans and is an important component of the extracellular matrix.	Carbohydrates	28-40	heparanase	Homo sapiens	9-19
15767618-13	2005	CONCLUSION: In a small group of obese patients with type 2 diabetes, a low-carbohydrate diet followed for 2 weeks resulted in spontaneous reduction in energy intake to a level appropriate to their height; weight loss that was completely accounted for by reduced caloric intake; much improved 24-hour blood glucose profiles, insulin sensitivity, and hemoglobin A1c; and decreased plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels.	Carbohydrates	75-87	insulin	Homo sapiens	324-331
15938104-2	2005	The use of insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) regulates the rate of protein and carbohydrate catabolism, retards increasing azotemia, thus normalizing protein metabolism.	Carbohydrates	94-106	insulin	Homo sapiens	11-18
15725416-0	2005	Function of neuropeptide Y and agouti-related protein at weaning: relation to corticosterone, dietary carbohydrate and body weight.	Carbohydrates	102-114	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	12-26
15725416-1	2005	Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related protein (AgRP), potent stimulants of feeding, have been linked in adult rats to both corticosterone (CORT) and dietary carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	159-171	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	0-20
15938104-2	2005	The use of insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) regulates the rate of protein and carbohydrate catabolism, retards increasing azotemia, thus normalizing protein metabolism.	Carbohydrates	94-106	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	23-51
15938104-2	2005	The use of insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) regulates the rate of protein and carbohydrate catabolism, retards increasing azotemia, thus normalizing protein metabolism.	Carbohydrates	94-106	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	53-58
15715495-4	2005	This fact suggests that they do not have access to the micellar core and that they should bind to the hydrophilic carbohydrate portion of LPS.	Carbohydrates	114-126	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	138-141
15542570-3	2005	In the context of skeletal muscle, IL-6 has variously been reported to regulate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, increase satellite cell proliferation, or cause muscle wasting.	Carbohydrates	80-92	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	35-39
15626708-2	2005	Gel shift assays and carbohydrate-specific staining show that the deglycosylation enzyme, Endo F1, removes at least 50% of membrane-reconstituted nAChR glycosylation.	Carbohydrates	21-33	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	146-151
15832687-1	2005	The effects of inorganic phosphate (Pi) status, light/dark and sucrose on expression of UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) gene (Ugp), which is involved in sucrose/ polysaccharides metabolism, were investigated using Arabidopsis wild-type (wt) plants and mutants impaired in Pi and carbohydrate status.	Carbohydrates	286-298	UDP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	88-117
15832687-1	2005	The effects of inorganic phosphate (Pi) status, light/dark and sucrose on expression of UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) gene (Ugp), which is involved in sucrose/ polysaccharides metabolism, were investigated using Arabidopsis wild-type (wt) plants and mutants impaired in Pi and carbohydrate status.	Carbohydrates	286-298	UDP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	119-125
15832687-1	2005	The effects of inorganic phosphate (Pi) status, light/dark and sucrose on expression of UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) gene (Ugp), which is involved in sucrose/ polysaccharides metabolism, were investigated using Arabidopsis wild-type (wt) plants and mutants impaired in Pi and carbohydrate status.	Carbohydrates	286-298	UDP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	133-136
31627535-7	2005	There was a significant improvement of carbohydrate metabolism: a reduction in the level of glycolysated hemoglobin and fasting glycemia, a decrease in the fasting and postprandial immunoreactive insulin levels, which suggests the positive effect of the drug on tissue insulin sensitivity at the level of peripheral tissues and the liver.	Carbohydrates	39-51	insulin	Homo sapiens	196-203
15579466-5	2005	Both human FucT-IV and -VII had the ability to generate carbohydrate ligands that support L-selectin-, P-selectin-, and E-selectin-dependent rolling on PSGL-1, with FucT-VII playing a major role.	Carbohydrates	56-68	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	11-27
15579466-5	2005	Both human FucT-IV and -VII had the ability to generate carbohydrate ligands that support L-selectin-, P-selectin-, and E-selectin-dependent rolling on PSGL-1, with FucT-VII playing a major role.	Carbohydrates	56-68	fucosyltransferase 7	Homo sapiens	165-173
31627535-7	2005	There was a significant improvement of carbohydrate metabolism: a reduction in the level of glycolysated hemoglobin and fasting glycemia, a decrease in the fasting and postprandial immunoreactive insulin levels, which suggests the positive effect of the drug on tissue insulin sensitivity at the level of peripheral tissues and the liver.	Carbohydrates	39-51	insulin	Homo sapiens	269-276
15611845-11	2005	BCAA concentrations of liver transplanted patients receiving high amounts of carbohydrates were in the lower range of normal.	Carbohydrates	77-90	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	0-4
15699223-0	2005	Ghrelin response to carbohydrate-enriched breakfast is related to insulin.	Carbohydrates	20-32	insulin	Homo sapiens	66-73
15681109-13	2005	Pre-operative supplementation with the carbohydrate mixture significantly lowered the plasma urea, IL-6 and ADMA concentrations and maintained lung GSH concentration.	Carbohydrates	39-51	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	99-103
15795656-0	2005	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in the evaluation of alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
15661645-4	2005	Some cells with NeuroM were proliferating and expressed two molecules present in neurogenic cells, NCAM and the Zn-12/HNK-1 carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	124-136	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	118-123
15650564-5	2005	In contrast, the limited data available suggest that the higher fat content of typical low-carbohydrate diets may exacerbate insulin resistance in the long term.	Carbohydrates	91-103	insulin	Homo sapiens	125-132
15667583-2	2005	The postprandial triglyceride response to high fat meals (HFM) in normal subjects is reduced by the insulin response to dietary carbohydrate (CHO) in the meal.	Carbohydrates	128-140	insulin	Homo sapiens	100-107
15795656-7	2005	RESULTS: Sensitivity of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin varied, depending on patient category, from 32% to 92% versus 41% to 72% for gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.	Carbohydrates	24-36	transferrin	Homo sapiens	47-58
15795656-8	2005	Specificity of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin varied from 71% to 96% versus 23% to 62% for gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.	Carbohydrates	15-27	transferrin	Homo sapiens	38-49
15795656-2	2005	OBJECTIVE: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin has been proposed to be useful in evaluating alcohol consumption but there is no consensus on its use in routine practice.	Carbohydrates	11-23	transferrin	Homo sapiens	34-45
15795656-9	2005	After one month of abstinence, specificity of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin was 62% versus 19% for gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.	Carbohydrates	46-58	transferrin	Homo sapiens	69-80
15795656-10	2005	CONCLUSION: This study confirms that carbohydrate-deficient transferrin is more accurate in predicting alcohol consumption compared with gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in alcoholic outpatients.	Carbohydrates	37-49	transferrin	Homo sapiens	60-71
15470230-0	2005	Different acceptor specificities of two glucuronyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of HNK-1 carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	101-113	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	95-100
15470230-1	2005	The biosynthesis of HNK-1 carbohydrate is mainly regulated by two glucuronyltransferases (GlcAT-P and GlcAT-S) and a sulfotransferase (HNK-1 ST).	Carbohydrates	26-38	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	20-25
15470230-1	2005	The biosynthesis of HNK-1 carbohydrate is mainly regulated by two glucuronyltransferases (GlcAT-P and GlcAT-S) and a sulfotransferase (HNK-1 ST).	Carbohydrates	26-38	carbohydrate sulfotransferase 10	Homo sapiens	135-143
15470230-2	2005	To determine how the two glucuronyltransferases are involved in the biosynthesis of the HNK-1 carbohydrate, we prepared soluble forms of GlcAT-P and GlcAT-S fused with the IgG-binding domain of protein A and then compared the enzymatic properties of the two enzymes.	Carbohydrates	94-106	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	88-93
15470230-2	2005	To determine how the two glucuronyltransferases are involved in the biosynthesis of the HNK-1 carbohydrate, we prepared soluble forms of GlcAT-P and GlcAT-S fused with the IgG-binding domain of protein A and then compared the enzymatic properties of the two enzymes.	Carbohydrates	94-106	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	137-144
15470230-2	2005	To determine how the two glucuronyltransferases are involved in the biosynthesis of the HNK-1 carbohydrate, we prepared soluble forms of GlcAT-P and GlcAT-S fused with the IgG-binding domain of protein A and then compared the enzymatic properties of the two enzymes.	Carbohydrates	94-106	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	149-156
15470230-10	2005	These lines of evidence indicate that these two enzymes have significantly different acceptor specificities, suggesting that they may synthesize functionally and structurally different HNK-1 carbohydrates in the nervous system.	Carbohydrates	191-204	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	185-190
15795656-3	2005	The aim of this retrospective study was to compare carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and gammaglutamyl transpeptidase assays for the evaluation of alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	51-63	transferrin	Homo sapiens	74-85
15786744-0	2005	[Molecular mechanisms in acceptor substrate recognition of a human glucuronyltransferase, GlcAT-P, an enzyme critical in the biosynthesis of the carbohydrate epitope HNK-1].	Carbohydrates	145-157	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	90-97
15701568-7	2005	The latter observation makes IGF-I a potentially more convenient anabolic agent to use in conditions where carbohydrate metabolism is more likely to be impaired.	Carbohydrates	107-119	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	29-34
16207641-8	2005	For individuals with high serum triglyceride and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, truncal obesity, or insulin resistance (metabolic syndrome or hyperinsulinemia), reducing carbohydrate intake has been shown to improve these parameters without adverse clinical effects.	Carbohydrates	182-194	insulin	Homo sapiens	112-119
16207642-1	2005	Low-carbohydrate diets are based on an alternative theory of obesity where dietary carbohydrate, particularly unprocessed sugars, causes hyperinsulinemia, leading to insulin resistance, obesity, and cardiovascular disease.	Carbohydrates	4-16	insulin	Homo sapiens	142-149
16207642-1	2005	Low-carbohydrate diets are based on an alternative theory of obesity where dietary carbohydrate, particularly unprocessed sugars, causes hyperinsulinemia, leading to insulin resistance, obesity, and cardiovascular disease.	Carbohydrates	83-95	insulin	Homo sapiens	142-149
15786744-0	2005	[Molecular mechanisms in acceptor substrate recognition of a human glucuronyltransferase, GlcAT-P, an enzyme critical in the biosynthesis of the carbohydrate epitope HNK-1].	Carbohydrates	145-157	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	166-171
15673477-2	2005	The role of PPAR gamma in macronutrient metabolism has received particular attention, for three main reasons: first, it is the target of the thiazolidinediones (TZDs), a novel class of insulin sensitisers widely used to treat type 2 diabetes; second, it plays a central role in adipogenesis; and third, it appears to be primarily involved in regulating lipid metabolism with predominantly secondary effects on carbohydrate metabolism, a notion in keeping with the currently in vogue "lipocentric" view of diabetes.	Carbohydrates	410-422	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	12-22
15591039-8	2005	Taken together, the results suggest that IL-4/13 T helper 2 cytokines and RA can alter the activity of enzymes that synthesize branching mucin carbohydrate structure in airway epithelial cells, potentially leading to altered mucin carbohydrate structure and properties.	Carbohydrates	143-155	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	41-45
15339745-8	2005	These findings define the temporal patterns and magnitudes of the metabolic responses to diazoxide and underscore the primacy of regulated insulin secretion in the physiological regulation of postabsorptive carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	207-219	insulin	Homo sapiens	139-146
15339747-3	2005	This study evaluates the impact of a physiological oral dose of Leu and/or carbohydrate (CHO) on upstream elements of the insulin signaling pathway using phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) activity and glucose uptake as markers for insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	75-87	insulin	Homo sapiens	122-129
15634345-9	2005	Deglycosylated Phl p 1 frequently exhibits higher IgE binding capacity than the recombinant glycoprotein suggesting that rather the intact protein structure than carbohydrate moieties themselves are important for IgE recognition of Phl p 1.	Carbohydrates	162-174	replication initiation protein	Escherichia coli	19-22
15616799-0	2005	Comparison of high-fat and high-protein diets with a high-carbohydrate diet in insulin-resistant obese women.	Carbohydrates	58-70	insulin	Homo sapiens	79-86
15505637-1	2005	BACKGROUND: Glycemic index is hypothesized to determine fuel partitioning through serum plasma insulin modifications induced by dietary carbohydrates, thereby modulating fat accretion or oxidation.	Carbohydrates	136-149	insulin	Homo sapiens	95-102
15605233-6	2005	RESULTS: We found that lysozyme binds in a reversible manner to the Man beta(1-4) GlcNAc beta(1-4)GlcNAc moiety in the tri-mannosyl core structure of high mannose/hybrid and tri-antennary carbohydrate classes where GlcNAc is N-acetylglucosamine and Man is mannose.	Carbohydrates	188-200	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	23-31
15617852-11	2005	PPAR-gamma influences the gene expression involved in carbohydrate metabolism, and pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, ligands for PPAR-gamma, improve insulin resistance in diabetic patients.	Carbohydrates	54-66	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-10
15996336-3	2005	Growth hormone (hGH), especially when administered at pharmacological doses, may additionally negatively affect the carbohydrate metabolism in TS girls, changing the response of peripheral tissues to insulin.	Carbohydrates	116-128	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	0-14
15668660-6	2005	Bivariate analysis showed a significant inverse association between CRP and many nutrients (e.g., carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, thiamine, pyridoxine, tocopherol, and folate), but multiple-regression analysis indicated that only the effect of dietary folate intake was not dependent on other factors.	Carbohydrates	98-111	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	68-71
15922110-8	2005	We postulate that this, FN3K-independent, deglycation occurs by transglycation, in which carbohydrate moieties of glycated amines, such as glucoselysines on proteins, are removed by intracellular nucleophiles including free amino acids and peptides such as glutathione, carnosine and anserine.	Carbohydrates	89-101	fructosamine 3 kinase	Homo sapiens	24-28
15940190-1	2005	AIM: To elucidate associations of polymorphic markers of PPAR, PPARG2, IRS1, IRS2 genes with disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism in patients with hypertension and excessive weight.	Carbohydrates	109-121	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	63-69
15533622-2	2005	This insulin action has evolved during a period of human evolution that was characterized by a very low-carbohydrate nutrition.	Carbohydrates	104-116	insulin	Homo sapiens	5-12
15515062-8	2005	Expression experiments using COS-7 cells showed that TESSP-1 was synthesized as a glycoprotein with N-glycosylated carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	115-128	protease, serine 41	Mus musculus	53-60
18370705-0	2005	Insulin resistance from a low carbohydrate, high fat diet perspective.	Carbohydrates	30-42	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
18370712-3	2005	Based on these previous findings, we hypothesize that a low-carbohydrate diet would be more beneficial in changing leptin, TNF-alpha, and adiponectin than a conventional diet.	Carbohydrates	60-72	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	123-132
18370712-3	2005	Based on these previous findings, we hypothesize that a low-carbohydrate diet would be more beneficial in changing leptin, TNF-alpha, and adiponectin than a conventional diet.	Carbohydrates	60-72	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	138-149
18370712-7	2005	TNF-alpha increased significantly in nondiabetic subjects on conventional vs. low-carbohydrate diets (p = 0.003).	Carbohydrates	82-94	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	0-9
15466874-2	2004	Because insulin stimulates carbohydrate and lipid synthesis, it would be important to decipher how the transcriptional activity of ADD1/SREBP1c is regulated in the insulin signaling pathway.	Carbohydrates	27-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	8-15
15801640-3	2005	Decreased insulin sensitivity, a delayed biological effect, and insulin resistance may serve as the early predictors of carbohydrate metabolic disturbances and severe metabolic pathology.	Carbohydrates	120-132	insulin	Homo sapiens	10-17
16025837-2	2005	MATERIAL AND METHODS: Concentrations of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (%CDT and CDTect methods), serum sialic acid (SA), gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and a marker of fibrogenesis (PIIINP) were studied in 102 alcoholics with (n=59) or without (n=43) alcoholic liver disease.	Carbohydrates	40-52	transferrin	Homo sapiens	63-74
15466874-2	2004	Because insulin stimulates carbohydrate and lipid synthesis, it would be important to decipher how the transcriptional activity of ADD1/SREBP1c is regulated in the insulin signaling pathway.	Carbohydrates	27-39	adducin 1	Homo sapiens	131-135
15506953-4	2004	Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoenzyme 4 inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase and thus minimizes carbohydrate oxidation by preventing the flow of glycolytic products into the tricarboxylic acid cycle.	Carbohydrates	93-105	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4	Homo sapiens	0-41
15887632-0	2004	Serum sialic acid and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin concentration in Type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without macrovascular complications.	Carbohydrates	22-34	transferrin	Homo sapiens	45-56
15561637-2	2004	Proponents of these diet plans advocate dramatic reductions in carbohydrate intake to combat insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia, which they claim are responsible for obesity.	Carbohydrates	63-75	insulin	Homo sapiens	93-100
15342679-2	2004	In this study, the association of PLTP activity and the concentrations of both forms with lipid and carbohydrate parameters were investigated.	Carbohydrates	100-112	phospholipid transfer protein	Homo sapiens	34-38
15588939-11	2004	CONCLUSION: Carbohydrate increases persistence of EPO, resulting in a prolonged and increased biological response in vivo, and overcoming reduced receptor-binding activity.	Carbohydrates	12-24	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	50-53
15342679-8	2004	The present data on PLTP activity and concentration reveal novel connections of the two PLTP forms to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	112-124	phospholipid transfer protein	Homo sapiens	20-24
15342679-8	2004	The present data on PLTP activity and concentration reveal novel connections of the two PLTP forms to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	112-124	phospholipid transfer protein	Homo sapiens	88-92
15493058-2	2004	Sulfatase substrates range from small cytosolic steroids, such as estrogen sulfate, to complex cell-surface carbohydrates, such as the glycosaminoglycans.	Carbohydrates	108-121	arylsulfatase family member H	Homo sapiens	0-9
15645698-2	2004	The insulin dosage calculations, however, involve ratios of insulin to carbohydrate and corrections for high blood glucose values, and are labor-intensive and prone to error.	Carbohydrates	71-83	insulin	Homo sapiens	4-11
15488333-0	2004	PACAP deficient mice display reduced carbohydrate intake and PACAP activates NPY-containing neurons in the rat hypothalamic arcuate nucleus.	Carbohydrates	37-49	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	0-5
15488333-7	2004	PACAP knock-out mice showed a decrease in the intake of high carbohydrate, but not high fat, food.	Carbohydrates	61-73	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	0-5
15488333-8	2004	PACAP increased [Ca2+]i in NPY neurons of the ARC that are implicated in the feeding, particularly the carbohydrate ingestion.	Carbohydrates	103-115	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	0-5
15488333-10	2004	The present study, by demonstrating that PACAP directly reacts with the ARC NPY neurons to increase [Ca2+]i and that ingestion of the carbohydrate-rich food is reduced in PACAP-deficiency, suggests a facilitative role for PACAP in the carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	134-146	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	171-176
15488333-10	2004	The present study, by demonstrating that PACAP directly reacts with the ARC NPY neurons to increase [Ca2+]i and that ingestion of the carbohydrate-rich food is reduced in PACAP-deficiency, suggests a facilitative role for PACAP in the carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	235-247	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	41-46
15488333-10	2004	The present study, by demonstrating that PACAP directly reacts with the ARC NPY neurons to increase [Ca2+]i and that ingestion of the carbohydrate-rich food is reduced in PACAP-deficiency, suggests a facilitative role for PACAP in the carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	235-247	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	76-79
15488333-10	2004	The present study, by demonstrating that PACAP directly reacts with the ARC NPY neurons to increase [Ca2+]i and that ingestion of the carbohydrate-rich food is reduced in PACAP-deficiency, suggests a facilitative role for PACAP in the carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	235-247	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	171-176
15345707-1	2004	The sphingolipid activator proteins (saposins A, B, C and D) are small homologous glycoproteins that are encoded by a single gene in tandem within a large precursor protein (prosaposin) and are required for in vivo degradation of some sphingolipids with relatively short carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	271-283	prosaposin	Mus musculus	174-184
15496471-3	2004	We recently reported that the increase in expression of multiple liver lipogenic enzyme mRNAs elicited by feeding a high-carbohydrate diet as well as that of LPK mRNA is markedly reduced in mice lacking ChREBP gene expression (ChREBP(-/-)) in comparison to WT mice.	Carbohydrates	121-133	MLX interacting protein-like	Mus musculus	203-209
15496471-8	2004	In vivo binding of ChREBP to ACC, FAS, and LPK gene promoters in intact liver nuclei from rats fed a high-carbohydrate diet was demonstrated by using a formaldehyde crosslinking and chromatin immunoprecipitation procedure.	Carbohydrates	106-118	MLX interacting protein-like	Rattus norvegicus	19-25
15516590-0	2004	Identification and functional verification of archaeal-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, a missing link in archaeal central carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	128-140	peroxiredoxin	Saccharolobus solfataricus	60-91
15628384-0	2004	[Transferrin (Tf), carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT)].	Carbohydrates	19-31	transferrin	Homo sapiens	42-53
15632313-1	2004	The biosynthesis of the carbohydrate antigen sialyl Lewis X (sLe(x)) in human leukocytes is mediated by alpha1-3 fucosyltransferase-VII (FucT-VII), which catalyzes the transfer of fucose from GDP-beta-fucose to the 3-OH of alpha2-3 sialyl N-acetyllactosamine (SA-LN).	Carbohydrates	24-36	fucosyltransferase 7	Homo sapiens	137-145
15523558-6	2004	Furthermore, a high-fat diet modulates carbohydrate metabolism by amplifying circadian variation in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, and mutation of Clock restores the chow-fed phenotype.	Carbohydrates	39-51	insulin	Homo sapiens	122-129
15265001-5	2004	Both the low-fat and the very-low-carbohydrate diets resulted in significant decreases in absolute concentrations of hsTNF-alpha (high-sensitivity tumour necrosis factor-alpha), hsIL-6 (high-sensitivity interleukin-6), hsCRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) and sICAM-1 (soluble intercellular cell-adhesion molecule-1).	Carbohydrates	34-46	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	203-216
15517171-0	2004	Pretransplant screening of sobriety with carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in patients suffering from alcoholic cirrhosis.	Carbohydrates	41-53	transferrin	Homo sapiens	64-75
15517171-2	2004	In the current study the efficiency of pretransplant screening with carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) was analysed in patients on the waiting list for OLT.	Carbohydrates	68-80	transferrin	Homo sapiens	91-102
15380143-5	2004	A low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet is thought to improve insulin sensitivity, aid in weight loss and reduction of metabolic and reproductive symptoms and improve the long-term maintenance of a reduced weight.	Carbohydrates	16-28	insulin	Homo sapiens	56-63
15502700-9	2004	The experimental model further suggests that active tolerance induction before transplantation may be achieved by gene therapy with autologous bone marrow cells or autologous lymphocytes manipulated to express the incompatible transplantation carbohydrate antigen by introduction of the corresponding glycosyltransferase gene into these cells.	Carbohydrates	243-255	protein O-linked mannose beta 1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Mus musculus	301-320
15447918-0	2004	Fructose, glycemic load, and quantity and quality of carbohydrate in relation to plasma C-peptide concentrations in US women.	Carbohydrates	53-65	insulin	Homo sapiens	88-97
15447918-2	2004	However, associations between fructose and the quantity and quality of total carbohydrate intake in relation to C-peptide concentrations have not been adequately examined.	Carbohydrates	77-89	insulin	Homo sapiens	112-121
15447918-3	2004	OBJECTIVE: We assessed the association of dietary fructose, glycemic load, and carbohydrate intake with fasting C-peptide concentrations.	Carbohydrates	79-91	insulin	Homo sapiens	112-121
15447918-9	2004	CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that high intakes of fructose and high glycemic foods are associated with higher C-peptide concentrations, whereas consumption of carbohydrates high in fiber, such as whole-grain foods, is associated with lower C-peptide concentrations.	Carbohydrates	163-176	insulin	Homo sapiens	244-253
15169745-2	2004	Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) controls the entry of pyruvate into oxidative pathways and is a rate-limiting enzyme for carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	118-130	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	0-22
15169745-2	2004	Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) controls the entry of pyruvate into oxidative pathways and is a rate-limiting enzyme for carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	118-130	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	24-27
15313217-4	2004	Structural studies based on nanoflow electrospray-ionization tandem mass spectrometry and earlier reported data on the carbohydrate moiety of GPA and ABH antigens allowed us to conclude that these blood group epitopes are elongations of the beta-GlcNAc branch attached to C-6 of the reducing GalNAc.	Carbohydrates	119-131	glycophorin A (MNS blood group)	Homo sapiens	142-145
15484954-2	2004	However, the extent of upregulation of Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) activity and content in response to increased delivery of carbohydrate to the small intestinal lumen of ruminants is unclear.	Carbohydrates	143-155	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Homo sapiens	78-83
15377757-0	2004	Molecular phenotyping of the pal1 and pal2 mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana reveals far-reaching consequences on phenylpropanoid, amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	145-157	PHE ammonia lyase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	29-33
15686186-1	2004	Type II diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders of fat, carbohydrate and protein metabolism that results from defects in insulin action.	Carbohydrates	68-80	insulin	Homo sapiens	133-140
15454773-7	2004	In addition, Bag-1 expression was associated with the carbohydrate epitopes H-antigen and Le (P =.0004 and P =.0011, respectively).	Carbohydrates	54-66	BAG cochaperone 1	Homo sapiens	13-18
15474880-0	2004	Insulin secretion in women who have polycystic ovary syndrome and carry the Gly972Arg variant of insulin receptor substrate-1 in response to a high-glycemic or low-glycemic carbohydrate load.	Carbohydrates	173-185	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
15113705-8	2004	Because of the significant increases in insulin resistance from P to L, there was a significant (P = 0.0001) decrease in carbohydrate oxidation and storage.	Carbohydrates	121-133	insulin	Homo sapiens	40-47
15380496-6	2004	However, patients with a high-risk baseline level (&gt;3 mg/dL, n = 48) experienced a greater decrease in C-reactive protein levels on a low-carbohydrate diet (adjusted difference = -2.0 mg/dL, P = 0.005), independent of weight loss.	Carbohydrates	141-153	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	106-124
15100094-3	2004	ChREBP is able to bind to the carbohydrate response element on the promoter of L-type pyruvate kinase and initiate the gene transcription.	Carbohydrates	30-42	MLX interacting protein-like	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
15365305-0	2004	A review of genetic, biological, pharmacological, and clinical factors that affect carbohydrate-deficient transferrin levels.	Carbohydrates	83-95	transferrin	Homo sapiens	106-117
15365305-1	2004	BACKGROUND: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is an alcohol biomarker recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
15473668-3	2004	In the present study, a novel site-specific 99mTc labeling method at carbohydrate side chain in the Fc region of 2 antibodies (T101 and rabbit anti-human serum albumin antibody (RPAb)) using dihydrazinophthalazine (DHZ) which has 2 hydrazino groups was developed.	Carbohydrates	69-81	albumin	Homo sapiens	154-167
15138153-1	2004	Growth hormone, acting through its receptor (GHR), plays an important role in carbohydrate metabolism and in promoting postnatal growth.	Carbohydrates	78-90	growth hormone receptor	Mus musculus	45-48
15807201-8	2004	In conclusion, healthy subjects with family history of type 2 diabetes showed some atherogenic characteristics in their metabolic profile, and the high carbohydrate breakfast produced in them increments in apolipoprotein B and in triglycerides, meanwhile that, in those subjects without such background the high fast breakfast produced unfavorable effects on their lipid concentrations.	Carbohydrates	152-164	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	206-222
15372363-2	2004	AIM: The aim of the study was therefore to test the hypothesis that in children and adolescents IL-6 is of importance for the etiopathogenesis of diabetes mellitus type 1 and that IL-6 is connected with carbohydrate metabolism and IGF-IGFBPs action.	Carbohydrates	203-215	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	180-184
15331203-5	2004	Fasting serum insulin levels were reduced in the low carbohydrate diet group compared to the high carbohydrate diet group (-30% versus -10%, P &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	53-65	insulin	Homo sapiens	14-21
15331203-5	2004	Fasting serum insulin levels were reduced in the low carbohydrate diet group compared to the high carbohydrate diet group (-30% versus -10%, P &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	98-110	insulin	Homo sapiens	14-21
15331203-10	2004	These results suggest that, when restrict diet was made isocaloric, a low calorie/low carbohydrate diet might be more effective treatment for a reduction of visceral fat, improved insulin sensitivity and increased in HDL-C levels than low calorie/high carbohydrate diet in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Carbohydrates	86-98	insulin	Homo sapiens	180-187
15148296-0	2004	Thermodynamic binding studies of bivalent oligosaccharides to galectin-1, galectin-3, and the carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-3.	Carbohydrates	94-106	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	129-139
15454864-2	2004	Dietary regulation of blood glucose level (via ingestion of food with a low glycemic index ensuring a low insulin level) improves the quality and duration of intellectual performance, if only because at rest the adult brain consumes 50 p. 100 of dietary carbohydrates, 80 p. 100 of them for energy purposes.	Carbohydrates	254-267	insulin	Homo sapiens	106-113
15148296-7	2004	The thermodynamics of binding of the multivalent carbohydrates to the C-terminal CRD domain of galectin-3 was also investigated.	Carbohydrates	49-62	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	95-105
15148296-9	2004	However, galectin-1 shows a lack of enhanced affinity for the bivalent straight chain and branched chain analogs, whereas galectin-3 shows enhanced affinity for only lacto-N-hexaose, a naturally occurring branched chain carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	220-232	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	122-132
15133003-8	2004	These data suggest that insulin resistance, independent of body fat, spares muscle glycogen and shifts substrate oxidation toward less carbohydrate use during exercise.	Carbohydrates	135-147	insulin	Homo sapiens	24-31
15201402-13	2004	Contradicting the initial hypothesis, GLP-2 levels were directly correlated with nutrient absorptive capacity (correlation with fat absorption: r2 = 0.72, carbohydrate = 0.50 and protein = 0.54 respectively).	Carbohydrates	155-167	glucagon	Homo sapiens	38-43
15356006-8	2004	On the other hand, high-fiber, high-carbohydrate diets comprised of foods with low caloric density can similarly be used for effective weight reduction and to ameliorate insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	36-48	insulin	Homo sapiens	170-177
15354037-1	2004	UNLABELLED: Studies that have investigated oxidation of a single carbohydrate (CHO) during exercise have reported oxidation rates of up to 1 g x min(-1).	Carbohydrates	65-77	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	145-151
15317436-8	2004	Bolus (or mealtime) insulin, using short-acting or rapid-acting insulins (i.e., regular, aspart, lispro) covers mealtime carbohydrates and corrects the current glucose level.	Carbohydrates	121-134	insulin	Homo sapiens	20-27
15455284-0	2004	[Identification of elevated carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) serum level as transferrin (Tf)-D-variant by means of isoelectric focusing].	Carbohydrates	28-40	transferrin	Homo sapiens	51-62
15455284-0	2004	[Identification of elevated carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) serum level as transferrin (Tf)-D-variant by means of isoelectric focusing].	Carbohydrates	28-40	transferrin	Homo sapiens	84-95
15455284-0	2004	[Identification of elevated carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) serum level as transferrin (Tf)-D-variant by means of isoelectric focusing].	Carbohydrates	28-40	transferrin	Homo sapiens	97-99
15455284-1	2004	Many studies have shown carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) to be a sensitive and specific marker of chronic alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	24-36	transferrin	Homo sapiens	47-58
15231222-3	2004	To avoid hypoglycemia, a carbohydrate-rich meal should be eaten 1 to 3 hours prior to exercise and the insulin dose reduced.	Carbohydrates	25-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	103-110
15298947-1	2004	OBJECTIVE: High carbohydrate intake has been hypothesized to be a risk factor for breast cancer, possibly mediated by elevated levels of free insulin, estrogens, and insulin-like growth factor-1.	Carbohydrates	16-28	insulin	Homo sapiens	142-149
15298947-1	2004	OBJECTIVE: High carbohydrate intake has been hypothesized to be a risk factor for breast cancer, possibly mediated by elevated levels of free insulin, estrogens, and insulin-like growth factor-1.	Carbohydrates	16-28	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	166-194
15016617-5	2004	Binding was inhibited with ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and maltose, suggesting that the carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-D recognizes RSV glycoproteins in a calcium-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	93-105	surfactant associated protein D	Mus musculus	128-132
15297112-2	2004	Preoperative carbohydrate treatment reduces insulin resistance in the first day after surgery.	Carbohydrates	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	44-51
15297112-3	2004	We hypothesised that preoperative oral carbohydrate treatment attenuates insulin resistance and improves whole-body nitrogen balance 3 days after surgery.	Carbohydrates	39-51	insulin	Homo sapiens	73-80
15232334-7	2004	Although all subjects had a reduction in heavy drinking days, craving, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin concentrations over the course of the study, there was no difference between the active medication and placebo groups on these measures.	Carbohydrates	103-115	transferrin	Homo sapiens	126-137
15145932-6	2004	In addition, DNA and RNA polymer-related compounds, such as nucleotide diphosphates and triphosphates, also inhibit the carbohydrate binding ability of SP-D, or approximately 60 kDa trimeric recombinant fragments of SP-D that are composed of the alpha-helical coiled-coil neck region and three CRDs (SP-D(n/CRD)) or SP-D(n/CRD) with eight GXY repeats (SPD(GXY)(8)(n/CRD)).	Carbohydrates	120-132	surfactant associated protein D	Mus musculus	152-156
15145932-6	2004	In addition, DNA and RNA polymer-related compounds, such as nucleotide diphosphates and triphosphates, also inhibit the carbohydrate binding ability of SP-D, or approximately 60 kDa trimeric recombinant fragments of SP-D that are composed of the alpha-helical coiled-coil neck region and three CRDs (SP-D(n/CRD)) or SP-D(n/CRD) with eight GXY repeats (SPD(GXY)(8)(n/CRD)).	Carbohydrates	120-132	surfactant associated protein D	Mus musculus	216-220
15145932-6	2004	In addition, DNA and RNA polymer-related compounds, such as nucleotide diphosphates and triphosphates, also inhibit the carbohydrate binding ability of SP-D, or approximately 60 kDa trimeric recombinant fragments of SP-D that are composed of the alpha-helical coiled-coil neck region and three CRDs (SP-D(n/CRD)) or SP-D(n/CRD) with eight GXY repeats (SPD(GXY)(8)(n/CRD)).	Carbohydrates	120-132	surfactant associated protein D	Mus musculus	216-220
15145932-6	2004	In addition, DNA and RNA polymer-related compounds, such as nucleotide diphosphates and triphosphates, also inhibit the carbohydrate binding ability of SP-D, or approximately 60 kDa trimeric recombinant fragments of SP-D that are composed of the alpha-helical coiled-coil neck region and three CRDs (SP-D(n/CRD)) or SP-D(n/CRD) with eight GXY repeats (SPD(GXY)(8)(n/CRD)).	Carbohydrates	120-132	surfactant associated protein D	Mus musculus	216-220
15166245-9	2004	HCV-pp transmission via L-SIGN or DC-SIGN is inhibited by characteristic inhibitors such as the calcium chelator EGTA and monoclonal antibodies directed against lectin carbohydrate recognition domains of both lectins.	Carbohydrates	168-180	C-type lectin domain family 4 member M	Homo sapiens	24-30
15232286-1	2004	Polysialic acid (PSA) and human natural killer (HNK)-1 carbohydrate epitopes are expressed mainly in developing neurons but also in restricted areas, even in adulthood.	Carbohydrates	55-67	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	32-54
15123656-3	2004	We investigated carbohydrate binding of soluble recombinant human and mouse OCIL in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based assays.	Carbohydrates	16-28	C-type lectin domain family 2, member d	Mus musculus	76-80
15250029-3	2004	Consumed with a meal including carbohydrates, it is the preferred fuel, which may initially lead to somewhat higher blood glucose levels and hence an insulin response in type 2 diabetic patients.	Carbohydrates	31-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	150-157
15191885-0	2004	Lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in mice with a targeted mutation in the IL-6 gene: absence of development of age-related obesity.	Carbohydrates	10-22	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	74-78
15191885-2	2004	A previous study reported that IL-6 knockout mice (IL-6(-/-)) developed maturity onset obesity, with disturbed carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and increased leptin levels.	Carbohydrates	111-123	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	31-35
15221137-17	2004	Thus it is possible that the restriction of dietary fat and a diet high in carbohydrates might be particularly effective in subjects with low adiponectin such as obese or Type 2 diabetic individuals.	Carbohydrates	75-88	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	142-153
15274013-0	2004	Improved capillary electrophoresis method for the determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in patient sera.	Carbohydrates	67-79	transferrin	Homo sapiens	90-101
15274013-1	2004	Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with a dynamic double coating formed by charged polymeric reagents represents an effective tool for the separation of iron-saturated transferrin (Tf) isoforms and thus the determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT, sum of asialo-, monosialo- and disialo-Tf in relation to total Tf) in human serum.	Carbohydrates	226-238	transferrin	Homo sapiens	249-260
23105454-1	2004	Carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) is one of the conventional markers for chronic alcohol consumption, is used by researchers and clinicians.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
15024009-6	2004	The IgE epitope resides on the carbohydrate moiety of the protein, and the presence of a similar carbohydrate component on potato tuber patatin enables the latter to inhibit IgE binding to the ENSP homologue.	Carbohydrates	97-109	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	174-177
15243012-0	2004	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin: validity of a new alcohol biomarker in a sample of patients with diabetes and hypertension.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
15212742-10	2004	A carbohydrate or carbohydrate/protein-induced insulin response appears to benefit creatine uptake.	Carbohydrates	2-14	insulin	Homo sapiens	47-54
15212742-10	2004	A carbohydrate or carbohydrate/protein-induced insulin response appears to benefit creatine uptake.	Carbohydrates	18-30	insulin	Homo sapiens	47-54
15158680-6	2004	To investigate whether the carbohydrate-binding ability of TNF-alpha is related to its physiological functions, human lymphoma U937 cells were used.	Carbohydrates	27-39	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	59-68
15177654-6	2004	Age and occupational qualification were significantly associated with CCI in both kinds of analysis, whereas alcohol consumption (carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, CDT) and smoking habits (cigarettes per day) were not.	Carbohydrates	130-142	transferrin	Homo sapiens	153-164
15208649-12	2004	Sensitivity to IL-2 correlates with fat and carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	44-56	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	15-19
15024009-6	2004	The IgE epitope resides on the carbohydrate moiety of the protein, and the presence of a similar carbohydrate component on potato tuber patatin enables the latter to inhibit IgE binding to the ENSP homologue.	Carbohydrates	31-43	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	4-7
15318993-4	2004	GIP is a peptide secreted by the duodenal K-cells in response to ingested fat and carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	82-94	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	0-3
15136555-3	2004	Here we use carbohydrate arrays as a new approach to discovering the ligands of three recently described C-type lectin-type receptors on antigen-presenting cells: murine SIGN-R1, SIGN-R3 and langerin.	Carbohydrates	12-24	CD207 antigen	Mus musculus	191-199
15206138-3	2004	Excess energy intake causes imbalance of energy transcription factors such as PPARs and SREBP-1c, which are deeply involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, leading to insulin resistance and dyslipidemia.	Carbohydrates	137-149	insulin	Homo sapiens	173-180
15206146-2	2004	Since disorder of carbohydrate metabolism causes arteriosclerosis in combination with other metabolic abnormalities such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia and obesity, it has now been recognized as one manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, a condition characterized by insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	18-30	insulin	Homo sapiens	270-277
15206146-3	2004	In this article, we summarize the current our knowledge on how disorder of carbohydrate metabolism influences insulin resistance and arteriosclerosis in part of metabolic syndrome.	Carbohydrates	75-87	insulin	Homo sapiens	110-117
15206160-1	2004	Glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1), an intestinal hormone secreted by L cells in response to luminal nutrients(carbohydrate and fat), enhances glucose-induced insulin secretion.	Carbohydrates	107-119	glucagon	Homo sapiens	0-23
15159225-6	2004	C-reactive protein concentrations were higher after consumption of the TFA diet than after consumption of the carbohydrate diet, but were not significantly different after consumption of the TFA and TFA+STE diets than after consumption of the LMP diet.	Carbohydrates	110-122	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	0-18
15188262-0	2004	Comments on "Capillary zone electrophoresis for determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in human serum".	Carbohydrates	65-77	transferrin	Homo sapiens	88-99
15075346-1	2004	C-reactive protein (CRP) is a pattern-recognition molecule, which can bind to phosphorylcholine and certain phosphorylated carbohydrates found on the surface of a number of microorganisms.	Carbohydrates	123-136	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	20-23
15163536-6	2004	To our knowledge, this is the first report on native carbohydrates of a helminth parasite stimulating mammalian innate immune cells to produce a Th-2 polarizing cytokine (IL-6) via a Toll-like receptor.	Carbohydrates	53-66	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	171-175
15118080-3	2004	In this study, we show that the transcription factor, carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP), is required both for basal and carbohydrate-induced expression of several liver enzymes essential for coordinated control of glucose metabolism, fatty acid, and the synthesis of fatty acids and triglycerides in vivo.	Carbohydrates	54-66	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	101-107
15141079-5	2004	The transcription of genes for fucosyltransferase VII (FUT7), sialyltransferase ST3Gal-I (ST3O), and UDP-galactose transporter-1 (UGT1), which are all known to be involved in the synthesis of the carbohydrate ligands for E-selectin, was significantly induced in cancer cells by hypoxic culture.	Carbohydrates	196-208	fucosyltransferase 7	Homo sapiens	31-53
15110778-3	2004	Two of these genes have been already related to obesity (adiponectin and caveolin-2) while the others are known to participate in metabolic, signalling or transcription regulation pathways that can be relevant in energy (lipid and/or carbohydrate) metabolism.	Carbohydrates	234-246	caveolin 2	Rattus norvegicus	73-83
14993226-0	2004	Structural basis for acceptor substrate recognition of a human glucuronyltransferase, GlcAT-P, an enzyme critical in the biosynthesis of the carbohydrate epitope HNK-1.	Carbohydrates	141-153	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	86-93
14993226-0	2004	Structural basis for acceptor substrate recognition of a human glucuronyltransferase, GlcAT-P, an enzyme critical in the biosynthesis of the carbohydrate epitope HNK-1.	Carbohydrates	141-153	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	162-167
15073492-0	2004	Impact of the renin-angiotensin system on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	52-64	renin	Homo sapiens	14-19
15196369-7	2004	CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that Fuc-TVII gene is a prognostic indicator of breast cancer, and it may be play an important role in the biosynthesis of sialylated carbohydrate antigens in breast cancer.	Carbohydrates	170-182	fucosyltransferase 7	Homo sapiens	41-49
15073492-8	2004	The concept that the local renin-angiotensin system plays a role in body-fat storage and in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism is further supported by genetic studies showing that susceptibility to weight gain and possibly insulin resistance is greater in individuals carrying certain renin-angiotensin system allelic variants associated with alterations in systemic and local angiotensinogen levels and angiotensin-converting enzyme activity.	Carbohydrates	102-114	renin	Homo sapiens	27-32
15073492-1	2004	PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review is intended to provide an update of the impact of the renin-angiotensin system on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and of its relationship with adipose-tissue and skeletal muscle activities.	Carbohydrates	123-135	renin	Homo sapiens	85-90
15073492-8	2004	The concept that the local renin-angiotensin system plays a role in body-fat storage and in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism is further supported by genetic studies showing that susceptibility to weight gain and possibly insulin resistance is greater in individuals carrying certain renin-angiotensin system allelic variants associated with alterations in systemic and local angiotensinogen levels and angiotensin-converting enzyme activity.	Carbohydrates	102-114	renin	Homo sapiens	284-289
15294034-1	2004	The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) has a key position in skeletal muscle metabolism as it represents the entry of carbohydrate-derived fuel into the mitochondria for oxidation.	Carbohydrates	120-132	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	4-26
15111510-0	2004	Complex haplotypes of the PGC-1alpha gene are associated with carbohydrate metabolism and type 2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	62-74	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	26-36
15111510-2	2004	To study associations of the PGC-1alpha gene locus with carbohydrate metabolism and type 2 diabetes in humans, we identified several polymorphisms in the promoter region that were located in a haplotype block distinct from a second haplotype block containing part of intron 2 and extending beyond exon 13.	Carbohydrates	56-68	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	29-39
15111510-8	2004	Thus, the PGC-1alpha gene locus influences carbohydrate metabolism and contributes to type 2 diabetes in the population studied.	Carbohydrates	43-55	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	10-20
15033940-12	2004	Experiments with sera from allergic patients suggest that glycomodified human transferrin, especially the MMXF glycoform, is a suitable reagent for the detection of antibodies against cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants.	Carbohydrates	199-211	transferrin	Homo sapiens	78-89
15121843-1	2004	Stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA-1), an antigenic epitope defined as a Lewis x carbohydrate structure, is expressed during the 8-cell to blastocyst stages in mouse embryos and in primordial germ cells, undifferentiated embryonic stem cells, and embryonic carcinoma cells.	Carbohydrates	87-99	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	0-34
15121843-1	2004	Stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA-1), an antigenic epitope defined as a Lewis x carbohydrate structure, is expressed during the 8-cell to blastocyst stages in mouse embryos and in primordial germ cells, undifferentiated embryonic stem cells, and embryonic carcinoma cells.	Carbohydrates	87-99	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	36-42
15121843-2	2004	For many years, SSEA-1 has been implicated in the development of mouse embryos as a functional carbohydrate epitope in cell-to-cell interaction during morula compaction.	Carbohydrates	95-107	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	16-22
15039073-0	2004	Purification and characterization of two recombinant human glucuronyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of HNK-1 carbohydrate in Escherichia coli.	Carbohydrates	120-132	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	114-119
15039073-1	2004	Two glucuronyltransferases (GlcAT-P and GlcAT-S) are involved in the biosynthesis of HNK-1 carbohydrate, which is spatially and temporally regulated in the nervous system.	Carbohydrates	91-103	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	85-90
15294034-5	2004	The exercise-induced transcriptional response of PDK4 is enhanced when muscle glycogen is lowered before the exercise, and intake of a low-carbohydrate high-fat diet during recovery from exercise results in increased transcription and mRNA content of PDK4 when compared with intake of a high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	139-151	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4	Homo sapiens	251-255
15675186-12	2004	In vitro heparin fragments of less than 18 saccharide residues reduce the activity of VEGF, and fragments of less than 10 saccharide residues inhibit the activity of bFGF.	Carbohydrates	43-53	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	86-90
15294034-5	2004	The exercise-induced transcriptional response of PDK4 is enhanced when muscle glycogen is lowered before the exercise, and intake of a low-carbohydrate high-fat diet during recovery from exercise results in increased transcription and mRNA content of PDK4 when compared with intake of a high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	292-304	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4	Homo sapiens	49-53
15294034-5	2004	The exercise-induced transcriptional response of PDK4 is enhanced when muscle glycogen is lowered before the exercise, and intake of a low-carbohydrate high-fat diet during recovery from exercise results in increased transcription and mRNA content of PDK4 when compared with intake of a high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	292-304	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4	Homo sapiens	251-255
15294034-8	2004	Thus, increased PDK4 expression when carbohydrate availability is low seems to contribute to the sparing of carbohydrates by preventing carbohydrate oxidation.	Carbohydrates	37-49	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4	Homo sapiens	16-20
15294034-8	2004	Thus, increased PDK4 expression when carbohydrate availability is low seems to contribute to the sparing of carbohydrates by preventing carbohydrate oxidation.	Carbohydrates	108-121	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4	Homo sapiens	16-20
15294034-8	2004	Thus, increased PDK4 expression when carbohydrate availability is low seems to contribute to the sparing of carbohydrates by preventing carbohydrate oxidation.	Carbohydrates	108-120	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4	Homo sapiens	16-20
15294041-6	2004	In addition, carbohydrate supplementation during exercise has been shown to inhibit the release of IL-6 from contracting muscle.	Carbohydrates	13-25	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	99-103
15064597-6	2004	Carbohydrate and protein intake significantly alters circulating metabolites and the hormonal milieu (i.e., insulin, testosterone, growth hormone, and cortisol), as well as the response of muscle protein and glycogen balance.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	108-115
15094084-1	2004	Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder of carbohydrate metabolism resulting primarily from inadequate insulin release (Type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) or insulin insensitivity coupled with inadequate compensatory insulin release (Type 2 non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus).	Carbohydrates	46-58	insulin	Homo sapiens	106-113
15094084-1	2004	Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder of carbohydrate metabolism resulting primarily from inadequate insulin release (Type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) or insulin insensitivity coupled with inadequate compensatory insulin release (Type 2 non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus).	Carbohydrates	46-58	insulin	Homo sapiens	130-137
15094084-1	2004	Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder of carbohydrate metabolism resulting primarily from inadequate insulin release (Type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) or insulin insensitivity coupled with inadequate compensatory insulin release (Type 2 non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus).	Carbohydrates	46-58	insulin	Homo sapiens	130-137
15036822-8	2004	In conclusion, the present 4-week high carbohydrate/low fat diet may be useful to reduce body weight and insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	39-51	insulin	Homo sapiens	105-112
15161125-0	2004	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin: a marker of alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
15161125-1	2004	Serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) measurement is valuable for the identification of chronic excess alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	6-18	transferrin	Homo sapiens	29-40
15156690-0	2004	[Effect of ACE gene polymorphism on carbohydrate metabolism, on oxidative stress and on end-organ damage in type-2 diabetes mellitus].	Carbohydrates	36-48	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	11-14
15156690-4	2004	The present paper reports on a cross-sectional clinical study, where authors have examined on the relation between ACE gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and carbohydrate metabolism, hypertension as well as albuminuria in type 2 diabetics (n = 145).	Carbohydrates	160-172	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	115-118
15033662-2	2004	However, elevated levels of glucose and insulin elicited by consumption of high amounts of refined carbohydrates may stimulate mitogenic and cancer-promoting insulin-like growth factors (IGF).	Carbohydrates	99-112	insulin	Homo sapiens	40-47
15033662-2	2004	However, elevated levels of glucose and insulin elicited by consumption of high amounts of refined carbohydrates may stimulate mitogenic and cancer-promoting insulin-like growth factors (IGF).	Carbohydrates	99-112	insulin	Homo sapiens	158-165
15033662-9	2004	CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the hypothesis of a direct association between GL and gastric cancer risk, thus providing an innovative interpretation, linked to excess circulating insulin and related IGFs, for the association between carbohydrates and risk of gastric cancer.	Carbohydrates	236-249	insulin	Homo sapiens	182-189
15064597-6	2004	Carbohydrate and protein intake significantly alters circulating metabolites and the hormonal milieu (i.e., insulin, testosterone, growth hormone, and cortisol), as well as the response of muscle protein and glycogen balance.	Carbohydrates	0-12	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	131-145
15272246-5	2004	Patients on intensive (physiological) insulin therapy or insulin pumps can adjust their bolus insulin according to the amount of carbohydrate they plan to ingest.	Carbohydrates	129-141	insulin	Homo sapiens	38-45
15272246-5	2004	Patients on intensive (physiological) insulin therapy or insulin pumps can adjust their bolus insulin according to the amount of carbohydrate they plan to ingest.	Carbohydrates	129-141	insulin	Homo sapiens	57-64
15272246-5	2004	Patients on intensive (physiological) insulin therapy or insulin pumps can adjust their bolus insulin according to the amount of carbohydrate they plan to ingest.	Carbohydrates	129-141	insulin	Homo sapiens	57-64
15001604-8	2004	We conclude that increasing protein intake from 0.78 to 1.55 g/kg.d with meat supplements in combination with reducing carbohydrate intake did not alter urine calcium excretion, but was associated with higher circulating levels of IGF-I, a bone growth factor, and lowered levels of urinary N-telopeptide, a marker of bone resorption.	Carbohydrates	119-131	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	231-236
15047685-8	2004	CONCLUSIONS: Compared to a low-fat weight loss diet, a short-term very low-carbohydrate diet did not lower LDL-C but did prevent the decline in HDL-C and resulted in improved insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese, but otherwise healthy women.	Carbohydrates	75-87	insulin	Homo sapiens	175-182
15043630-13	2004	Acute GH administration has several unexpected effects on fat and carbohydrate metabolism during aerobic exercise, and future research in this area is likely to provide valuable information with respect to GH physiology and the regulation of fat and carbohydrate metabolism during aerobic exercise.	Carbohydrates	66-78	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	6-8
15043630-13	2004	Acute GH administration has several unexpected effects on fat and carbohydrate metabolism during aerobic exercise, and future research in this area is likely to provide valuable information with respect to GH physiology and the regulation of fat and carbohydrate metabolism during aerobic exercise.	Carbohydrates	250-262	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	6-8
14693912-7	2004	Interestingly, this gene also encodes an alternatively spliced form of Drgal1-L2 that lacks eight amino acids near the carbohydrate-binding domain.	Carbohydrates	119-131	lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 2a	Danio rerio	71-80
14672941-0	2004	Galectin-3 precipitates as a pentamer with synthetic multivalent carbohydrates and forms heterogeneous cross-linked complexes.	Carbohydrates	65-78	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	0-10
14672941-3	2004	Galectin-3 is also the only chimera type galectin and consists of a nonlectin N-terminal domain and a C-terminal carbohydrate-binding domain.	Carbohydrates	113-125	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	0-10
14672941-9	2004	Mixed quantitative precipitation experiments and electron microscopy suggest that galectin-3 forms heterogenous, disorganized cross-linking complexes with the multivalent carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	171-184	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	82-92
14701864-5	2004	Specific glycosaminoglycan lyase digestions, followed by product analyses using fluorescence-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis and immunoprecipitation experiments, showed that the p53 form is associated with syndecan-1 through both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate.	Carbohydrates	102-114	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	184-187
14747241-1	2004	OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the relation between carbohydrate-related dietary factors, insulin resistance, and the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the Framingham Offspring Cohort.	Carbohydrates	69-81	insulin	Homo sapiens	107-114
14973250-5	2004	The 68 and 72 kDa molecular forms of inner ear CTL2 are distinguished by sialic acid modification of the carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	105-117	solute carrier family 44 member 2	Homo sapiens	47-51
15036783-6	2004	In the first hour, the hunger suppression of carbohydrates was similar to that of protein and related to changes in beta-hydroxybutyrate and insulin concentrations accompanied with a preference for carbohydrate-rich food.	Carbohydrates	45-58	insulin	Homo sapiens	141-148
15036783-6	2004	In the first hour, the hunger suppression of carbohydrates was similar to that of protein and related to changes in beta-hydroxybutyrate and insulin concentrations accompanied with a preference for carbohydrate-rich food.	Carbohydrates	45-57	insulin	Homo sapiens	141-148
14871842-9	2004	Taken together, these observations show that antibodies directed against carbohydrate side chains of ErbB receptors are capable of inhibiting ErbB-mediated signaling.	Carbohydrates	73-85	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	101-105
14871842-9	2004	Taken together, these observations show that antibodies directed against carbohydrate side chains of ErbB receptors are capable of inhibiting ErbB-mediated signaling.	Carbohydrates	73-85	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	142-146
14760639-0	2004	Capillary zone electrophoresis for determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in human serum.	Carbohydrates	52-64	transferrin	Homo sapiens	75-86
15134308-4	2004	In a Dutch trial the possible side effects of GH therapy on carbohydrate metabolism were assessed in short children born SGA after 6 years and at 6 months after discontinuation of GH therapy.	Carbohydrates	60-72	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	46-48
14613931-0	2004	Carbohydrate-mediated phagocytic recognition of early apoptotic cells undergoing transient capping of CD43 glycoprotein.	Carbohydrates	0-12	sialophorin	Homo sapiens	102-106
14613931-5	2004	CD43 on apoptotic Jurkat cells was found to form a cap at 2 h, and the cap disappeared at 4 h. This transient capping of CD43 coincided with the transient increase in the susceptibility of the cells to macrophage recognition, suggesting that CD43 capping is responsible for generation of the carbohydrate ligands for recognition.	Carbohydrates	292-304	sialophorin	Homo sapiens	0-4
14613931-5	2004	CD43 on apoptotic Jurkat cells was found to form a cap at 2 h, and the cap disappeared at 4 h. This transient capping of CD43 coincided with the transient increase in the susceptibility of the cells to macrophage recognition, suggesting that CD43 capping is responsible for generation of the carbohydrate ligands for recognition.	Carbohydrates	292-304	sialophorin	Homo sapiens	121-125
14613931-5	2004	CD43 on apoptotic Jurkat cells was found to form a cap at 2 h, and the cap disappeared at 4 h. This transient capping of CD43 coincided with the transient increase in the susceptibility of the cells to macrophage recognition, suggesting that CD43 capping is responsible for generation of the carbohydrate ligands for recognition.	Carbohydrates	292-304	sialophorin	Homo sapiens	121-125
14760639-1	2004	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is the most specific marker for diagnosis of chronic excessive alcohol consumption and includes the serum transferrin (Tf) isoforms with two or less sialic acid residues (di-, mono-, and asialo-Tf).	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
14760639-1	2004	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is the most specific marker for diagnosis of chronic excessive alcohol consumption and includes the serum transferrin (Tf) isoforms with two or less sialic acid residues (di-, mono-, and asialo-Tf).	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	147-158
14760639-1	2004	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is the most specific marker for diagnosis of chronic excessive alcohol consumption and includes the serum transferrin (Tf) isoforms with two or less sialic acid residues (di-, mono-, and asialo-Tf).	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	160-162
14760639-1	2004	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is the most specific marker for diagnosis of chronic excessive alcohol consumption and includes the serum transferrin (Tf) isoforms with two or less sialic acid residues (di-, mono-, and asialo-Tf).	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	235-237
14737089-0	2004	Induction of immune tolerance to a transplantation carbohydrate antigen by gene therapy with autologous lymphocytes transduced with adenovirus containing the corresponding glycosyltransferase gene.	Carbohydrates	51-63	protein O-linked mannose beta 1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Mus musculus	172-191
14638631-9	2004	Presence of laminin-1 or lactose prevented the effect of Gal-1, suggesting that the carbohydrate recognition domain is involved in inducing apoptosis.	Carbohydrates	84-96	galectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-62
14741195-1	2004	Transferase-deficient galactosaemia is an inherited disorder of carbohydrate metabolism, caused by mutation at the galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT) locus.	Carbohydrates	64-76	galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase	Homo sapiens	115-155
14706009-6	2004	Beta-catenin and E-cadherin are suggested to play a crucial role in tumorigenesis and the biphasic arrangement of this neoplasm, concerning the expression of epithelial membrane antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9.	Carbohydrates	190-202	cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	17-27
14742533-1	2004	The toxicity of Shiga toxins (Stx) depends on the binding of their B subunits to carbohydrate ligands on host cells.	Carbohydrates	81-93	syntaxin 1B	Mus musculus	30-33
14741195-1	2004	Transferase-deficient galactosaemia is an inherited disorder of carbohydrate metabolism, caused by mutation at the galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT) locus.	Carbohydrates	64-76	galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase	Homo sapiens	157-161
14716305-0	2004	Role of STAT-3 in regulation of hepatic gluconeogenic genes and carbohydrate metabolism in vivo.	Carbohydrates	64-76	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	8-14
14968547-4	2004	Similarly, because aromatase is productive for a multifunctional physiological factor, estrogens, impaired metabolisms of bone, carbohydrate, and fat etc.	Carbohydrates	128-140	cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	19-28
14705935-0	2004	Mutational analysis provides molecular insight into the carbohydrate-binding region of calreticulin: pivotal roles of tyrosine-109 and aspartate-135 in carbohydrate recognition.	Carbohydrates	56-68	calreticulin	Homo sapiens	87-99
14593101-1	2004	L-selectin mediates lymphocyte homing by facilitating lymphocyte adhesion to carbohydrate ligands expressed on high endothelial venules (HEV) of the secondary lymphoid organs.	Carbohydrates	77-89	selectin, lymphocyte	Mus musculus	0-10
14705935-0	2004	Mutational analysis provides molecular insight into the carbohydrate-binding region of calreticulin: pivotal roles of tyrosine-109 and aspartate-135 in carbohydrate recognition.	Carbohydrates	152-164	calreticulin	Homo sapiens	87-99
14705935-6	2004	The CRT mutants Y109F and D135L did not show any binding to the sugar substrates interacting with the wild-type protein, demonstrating the great importance of these residues in the carbohydrate-binding site of CRT.	Carbohydrates	181-193	calreticulin	Homo sapiens	4-7
14705935-6	2004	The CRT mutants Y109F and D135L did not show any binding to the sugar substrates interacting with the wild-type protein, demonstrating the great importance of these residues in the carbohydrate-binding site of CRT.	Carbohydrates	181-193	calreticulin	Homo sapiens	210-213
15212558-12	2004	If the postprandial glucose level is elevated, pre-meal rapid-acting insulin should be prescribed, beginning with a dose of 1U per 10g of carbohydrates in the meal.	Carbohydrates	138-151	insulin	Homo sapiens	69-76
14691076-0	2004	Method-dependent characteristics of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin measurements in the follow-up of alcoholics.	Carbohydrates	36-48	transferrin	Homo sapiens	59-70
14691076-1	2004	AIMS: There are only limited data comparing the diagnostic characteristics of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) measurements in assays for excessive alcohol consumption under controlled conditions.	Carbohydrates	78-90	transferrin	Homo sapiens	101-112
15061118-0	2004	[Comparison of diagnostic validity of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and other laboratory markers in chronic ethanol abuse].	Carbohydrates	38-50	transferrin	Homo sapiens	61-72
15061118-1	2004	BACKGROUND: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) has been reported to be the best laboratory marker of the chronic alcohol abuse, but there are conflicting data on its accuracy and sensitivity ranging from 19% to 96% in various studies.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
14633925-3	2004	METHODS: We performed 792 CZE analyses of Tf, using the CEofix(TM)-CDT (carbohydrate-deficient transferrin) assay.	Carbohydrates	72-84	transferrin	Homo sapiens	95-106
14977387-1	2004	Endogenous erythropoietin (EPO) consists of a central polypeptide core covered by post-translationally linked carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	110-123	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	11-25
14977387-1	2004	Endogenous erythropoietin (EPO) consists of a central polypeptide core covered by post-translationally linked carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	110-123	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	27-30
14696045-1	2004	Insulin is well known for its essential role in carbohydrate metabolism: insulin deficiency results in the development of diabetes mellitus.	Carbohydrates	48-60	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
14694010-0	2004	Vinegar improves insulin sensitivity to a high-carbohydrate meal in subjects with insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	47-59	insulin	Homo sapiens	17-24
14702105-1	2004	IGF-1 and growth hormone (GH) interact with insulin to modulate its control of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	79-91	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
15467395-5	2004	Blocking this carbohydrate-IL-2 interaction diminished IL-2-induced signaling and T-cell proliferation.	Carbohydrates	14-26	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	27-31
15467395-5	2004	Blocking this carbohydrate-IL-2 interaction diminished IL-2-induced signaling and T-cell proliferation.	Carbohydrates	14-26	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	55-59
15481152-7	2004	Here we propose to designate these four highly related molecules as the "DCIR family lectins" and discuss their signaling mechanisms, carbohydrate recognition, and other features that contribute to the function of DC to control immunity.	Carbohydrates	134-146	C-type lectin domain family 4 member A	Homo sapiens	73-77
14598174-14	2004	Additionally, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and trait anxiety showed sporadic impacts on the test results.	Carbohydrates	14-26	transferrin	Homo sapiens	37-48
14702105-1	2004	IGF-1 and growth hormone (GH) interact with insulin to modulate its control of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	79-91	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	10-24
14702105-1	2004	IGF-1 and growth hormone (GH) interact with insulin to modulate its control of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	79-91	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	26-28
14702105-1	2004	IGF-1 and growth hormone (GH) interact with insulin to modulate its control of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	79-91	insulin	Homo sapiens	44-51
15064451-4	2004	The attachment of rhodopsin via its extracellular carbohydrate residues provides a convenient, and universally applicable, procedure for GPCR immobilization in a form that retains full biochemical activity and ability to interact with intracellular signaling components.	Carbohydrates	50-62	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	18-27
14971431-4	2004	The effects of carbohydrate ingestion on blood glucose and free fatty acid concentrations and carbohydrate oxidation during exercise persist for at least 6 h. Although an increase in plasma insulin following carbohydrate ingestion in the hour before exercise inhibits lipolysis and liver glucose output, and can lead to transient hypoglycaemia during subsequent exercise in susceptible individuals, there is no convincing evidence that this is always associated with impaired exercise performance.	Carbohydrates	15-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	190-197
14971431-4	2004	The effects of carbohydrate ingestion on blood glucose and free fatty acid concentrations and carbohydrate oxidation during exercise persist for at least 6 h. Although an increase in plasma insulin following carbohydrate ingestion in the hour before exercise inhibits lipolysis and liver glucose output, and can lead to transient hypoglycaemia during subsequent exercise in susceptible individuals, there is no convincing evidence that this is always associated with impaired exercise performance.	Carbohydrates	94-106	insulin	Homo sapiens	190-197
14971431-4	2004	The effects of carbohydrate ingestion on blood glucose and free fatty acid concentrations and carbohydrate oxidation during exercise persist for at least 6 h. Although an increase in plasma insulin following carbohydrate ingestion in the hour before exercise inhibits lipolysis and liver glucose output, and can lead to transient hypoglycaemia during subsequent exercise in susceptible individuals, there is no convincing evidence that this is always associated with impaired exercise performance.	Carbohydrates	94-106	insulin	Homo sapiens	190-197
15504577-7	2004	The one clear drawback of high-carbohydrate diets is a decrease in HDL particle number, resulting from decreased hepatic production of apoA-I; this effect is seen whether or not triglycerides increase.	Carbohydrates	31-43	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	135-141
14681846-12	2004	Isocaloric amounts of carbohydrate and alcohol suppressed equally the postprandial free fatty acid levels, but carbohydrate increased the postprandial glucose, GIP, and insulin levels the most.	Carbohydrates	111-123	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	160-163
14681846-12	2004	Isocaloric amounts of carbohydrate and alcohol suppressed equally the postprandial free fatty acid levels, but carbohydrate increased the postprandial glucose, GIP, and insulin levels the most.	Carbohydrates	111-123	insulin	Homo sapiens	169-176
14641042-1	2003	During exercise in human skeletal muscle, the proportion of carbohydrate derived acetyl-CoA is determined at least in part by the activity of the PDH (pyruvate dehydrogenase) complex.	Carbohydrates	60-72	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	146-149
15536627-0	2004	Site-specific carbohydrate profiling of human transferrin by nano-flow liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.	Carbohydrates	14-26	transferrin	Homo sapiens	46-57
14668275-7	2003	After consumption of the high-carbohydrate, high-fiber meal, serum IL-18 concentrations decreased from baseline concentrations (P &lt; 0.05) in both nondiabetic and diabetic subjects; adiponectin concentrations decreased after the high-carbohydrate, low-fiber meal in diabetic patients.	Carbohydrates	30-42	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	184-195
15051156-1	2004	Galectin-1 is a member of the animal lectin family that displays conserved consensus sequences and similar carbohydrate binding specificities.	Carbohydrates	107-119	galectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
14717811-15	2004	High levels of cholecystokinin (CCK) (a powerful anorexigen) are associated with early satiety for carbohydrates and neuropeptide Y (NPY) (an orexigen) with repeated food intake.	Carbohydrates	99-112	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	15-30
14717811-15	2004	High levels of cholecystokinin (CCK) (a powerful anorexigen) are associated with early satiety for carbohydrates and neuropeptide Y (NPY) (an orexigen) with repeated food intake.	Carbohydrates	99-112	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	32-35
15898827-5	2004	Insulin administration switches cell metabolism from fatty acids to carbohydrates and restores calcium fluxes, resulting in improvement in cardiac contractility.	Carbohydrates	68-81	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
14630352-2	2003	The biochemical diagnosis of this syndrome is based on the presence of a special marker in blood, Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin (CDT), which is also a marker of chronic alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	98-110	transferrin	Homo sapiens	121-132
15033772-5	2003	Our results also suggest that carbohydrate recognition domains of SP-D may recognize DNA present on the apoptotic cells.	Carbohydrates	30-42	surfactant associated protein D	Mus musculus	66-70
14641042-1	2003	During exercise in human skeletal muscle, the proportion of carbohydrate derived acetyl-CoA is determined at least in part by the activity of the PDH (pyruvate dehydrogenase) complex.	Carbohydrates	60-72	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	151-173
14634093-4	2003	In this study, we show that a helminth carbohydrate, lacto-N-fucopentaose III (LNFPIII) functions as an innate Th2 promoter via its action on murine dendritic cells, with the alpha1-3-linked fucose required for this activity.	Carbohydrates	39-51	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 3	Mus musculus	175-183
14708882-7	2003	Additionally, samples from alcohol consumers that were found with turbidimetric immunoassay to contain increased levels of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin were analyzed.	Carbohydrates	123-135	transferrin	Homo sapiens	146-157
14679574-0	2003	Capillary zone electrophoresis with a dynamic double coating for analysis of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in human serum: impact of resolution between disialo- and trisialotransferrin on reference limits.	Carbohydrates	77-89	transferrin	Homo sapiens	100-111
14679574-1	2003	Capillary electrophoresis with a dynamic double coating formed by charged polymeric reagents represents a very effective tool for the separation of iron-saturated transferrin (Tf) isoforms and thus the determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in human serum.	Carbohydrates	219-231	transferrin	Homo sapiens	242-253
14967869-1	2003	The effect of carbohydrate supplementation (CHO) on interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 5 (IL-5) secretion following acute resistance exercise was examined in 9 resistance-trained males.	Carbohydrates	14-26	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	52-65
14967869-12	2003	These data support a possible effect of carbohydrate supplementation on IL-2 and IL-5 secretion following high-intensity resistance exercise.	Carbohydrates	40-52	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	72-76
19087394-6	2003	In response to the consumption of refined carbohydrates, there is a rapid rise in blood sugar leading to elevations in insulin that cause a mobilization of Cr.	Carbohydrates	42-55	insulin	Homo sapiens	119-126
14748459-7	2003	Maximal fat oxidation rates decreased from 0.46 +/- 0.06 to 0.33 +/- 0.06 g min(-1) when carbohydrate was ingested before the start of exercise (P &lt; 0.01).	Carbohydrates	89-101	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	76-82
15073570-6	2003	After carbohydrate administration (OGTT) a marked increase of insulin, beta-endorphin and NPY was found.	Carbohydrates	6-18	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	71-85
12963740-5	2003	Heparin, a cell-impermeable complex carbohydrate with high affinity for Group V PLA2, blocks that association, suggesting that the granules are formed by internalization of the Group V sPLA2 previously associated with the outer cellular surface.	Carbohydrates	36-48	phospholipase A2, group V	Mus musculus	80-84
14670733-3	2003	Degradation of the LPS in aqueous 1% acetic acid followed by GPC gave the O-antigenic polysaccharide, whose structure was determined by compositional analyses and NMR spectroscopy of the polysaccharide and O-deacylated polysaccharide as [carbohydrate structure: see text] where QuiN4N is 2,4-diamino-2,4,6-trideoxyglucose and GalNAcA 2-acetamido-2-deoxygalacturonic acid.	Carbohydrates	238-250	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	19-22
14609646-0	2003	Analysis of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in vitreous humour as a forensic tool for detection of alcohol misuse.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
14609646-1	2003	Analysis of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin concentration in vitreous humour (VH-CDT) has recently been demonstrated to be useful for diagnosis of pre-mortal alcohol misuse, but more knowledge considering possible methodological problems is warranted.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
14623122-3	2003	Transient expression of GnT-VB cDNA in COS7 cells yielded significant increases of activity toward GnT-VA acceptors, including synthetic saccharides and N-linked glycopeptides, with some differences in specificity.	Carbohydrates	137-148	alpha-1,6-mannosylglycoprotein 6-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase B	Homo sapiens	24-30
12954621-1	2003	The Arabidopsis sucrose transporter AtSUC2 is expressed in the companion cells of the phloem (specialized vascular tissue) and is essential for the long distance transport of carbohydrates within the plant.	Carbohydrates	175-188	sucrose-proton symporter 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	36-42
14581539-1	2003	C-type lectins such as DC-SIGN and L-SIGN, which bind mannose-enriched carbohydrate modifications of host and pathogen proteins, have been shown to bind glycoproteins of several viruses and facilitate either cis or trans infection.	Carbohydrates	71-83	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	23-30
14578320-0	2003	Improved HPLC method for carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in serum.	Carbohydrates	25-37	transferrin	Homo sapiens	48-59
14578320-1	2003	BACKGROUND: There is need for a reference method for transferrin glycoforms in serum to which routine immunologic methods for the alcohol marker carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) can be traceable.	Carbohydrates	145-157	transferrin	Homo sapiens	168-179
12923232-8	2003	Our data suggest that LXR ligands that have effects on both fatty acid and carbohydrate metabolism should be carefully evaluated in obesity, insulin, and leptin resistance.	Carbohydrates	75-87	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3	Mus musculus	22-25
14652274-1	2003	Carbohydrate intake, glycemic index, and glycemic load have been hypothesized to increase risk of breast cancer by raising insulin levels, but these associations have not been studied extensively.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	123-130
14652274-2	2003	The insulin response to dietary carbohydrate is substantially greater among overweight women than among leaner women.	Carbohydrates	32-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	4-11
14581539-1	2003	C-type lectins such as DC-SIGN and L-SIGN, which bind mannose-enriched carbohydrate modifications of host and pathogen proteins, have been shown to bind glycoproteins of several viruses and facilitate either cis or trans infection.	Carbohydrates	71-83	C-type lectin domain family 4 member M	Homo sapiens	35-41
14518031-1	2003	BACKGROUND: Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is the major enzyme required to convert carbohydrates to fatty acids.	Carbohydrates	78-91	fatty acid synthase	Mus musculus	12-31
14518031-1	2003	BACKGROUND: Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is the major enzyme required to convert carbohydrates to fatty acids.	Carbohydrates	78-91	fatty acid synthase	Mus musculus	33-36
14573355-4	2003	recently reported increased in vivo activities of thrombopoietin (Mpl ligand) and leptin following carbohydrate addition to both, which suggests that such glycoengineering could be applied to a variety of hormones, cytokines and growth factors.	Carbohydrates	99-111	thrombopoietin	Homo sapiens	50-64
14573355-4	2003	recently reported increased in vivo activities of thrombopoietin (Mpl ligand) and leptin following carbohydrate addition to both, which suggests that such glycoengineering could be applied to a variety of hormones, cytokines and growth factors.	Carbohydrates	99-111	thrombopoietin	Homo sapiens	66-76
14521949-2	2003	On the basis of the classification and the similarity between GTS-A and nucleotidylyltransferase family catalyzing the synthesis of nucleotide-sugar, we proposed that ancient oligosaccharide might have been synthesized by the origin of GTS-B whereas the origin of GTS-A might be the gene encoding for synthesis of nucleotide-sugar as the donor and have evolved to glycosyltransferases to catalyze the synthesis of divergent carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	424-437	GTS	Homo sapiens	62-65
14572665-6	2003	The data suggest that the glycopolymer will be a good artificial matrix to regulate integrin-mediated signaling and cell growth through the unique ASGPR-carbohydrate interaction.	Carbohydrates	153-165	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	147-152
14521949-2	2003	On the basis of the classification and the similarity between GTS-A and nucleotidylyltransferase family catalyzing the synthesis of nucleotide-sugar, we proposed that ancient oligosaccharide might have been synthesized by the origin of GTS-B whereas the origin of GTS-A might be the gene encoding for synthesis of nucleotide-sugar as the donor and have evolved to glycosyltransferases to catalyze the synthesis of divergent carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	424-437	GTS	Homo sapiens	236-239
14521949-2	2003	On the basis of the classification and the similarity between GTS-A and nucleotidylyltransferase family catalyzing the synthesis of nucleotide-sugar, we proposed that ancient oligosaccharide might have been synthesized by the origin of GTS-B whereas the origin of GTS-A might be the gene encoding for synthesis of nucleotide-sugar as the donor and have evolved to glycosyltransferases to catalyze the synthesis of divergent carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	424-437	GTS	Homo sapiens	236-239
14521951-1	2003	The nuclear receptors liver X receptors (LXR) alpha and beta are important regulators of genes involved in lipid, cholesterol, and carbohydrate metabolism and are highly expressed in mature adipocyte tissue.	Carbohydrates	131-143	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3	Mus musculus	28-51
14501117-9	2003	Being products of the same gene, hST and hOT have 100% sequence identity and differ only in the attached carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	105-117	fibroblast growth factor 4	Homo sapiens	33-36
14530347-11	2003	Therefore, the addition of complex carbohydrates to the Ly-49 family of receptors may represent a mechanism by which NK cells regulate affinity for host class I ligands.	Carbohydrates	35-48	killer cell lectin-like receptor, subfamily A	Mus musculus	56-61
14501117-12	2003	A putative carbohydrate-binding site has been identified in the N lobe of hST at Asn52 and a fucose molecule could be modelled at the site.	Carbohydrates	11-23	fibroblast growth factor 4	Homo sapiens	74-77
14601655-4	2003	Purification and carbohydrate analysis of the hIFN expressed in egg white revealed that two of the six major glycosylated hIFN species match the naturally occurring human hIFN glycovariants.	Carbohydrates	17-29	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	46-50
12975029-0	2003	Adjusting mealtime insulin based on meal carbohydrate content improves glycemic control and quality of life.	Carbohydrates	41-53	insulin	Homo sapiens	19-26
14572452-4	2003	This mechanism is supported by pharmacological analysis in hippocampal slices and data showing that the HNK-1 carbohydrate binds to GABA(B) receptors and inhibits GABA(B) receptor-activated K(+) currents in a heterologous expression system.	Carbohydrates	110-122	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	104-109
14572452-5	2003	We suggest that the HNK-1 carbohydrate is involved in homeostatic regulation of GABA(A) receptor-mediated perisomatic inhibition by suppression of postsynaptic GABA(B) receptor activity.	Carbohydrates	26-38	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	20-25
14522750-6	2003	In type 1 diabetes the most effective approach to the control of postprandial hyperglycemia continues to be adjustment of premeal doses of insulin on the basis of carbohydrate counting.	Carbohydrates	163-175	insulin	Homo sapiens	139-146
14572452-2	2003	Here, we describe a novel mechanism by which the HNK-1 carbohydrate carried by recognition molecules regulates perisomatic inhibition in the hippocampus.	Carbohydrates	55-67	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	49-54
12871934-2	2003	Here we show that LRP1 is differentially glycosylated in a tissue-specific manner and that carbohydrate addition reduces proteolytic cleavage of the extracellular domain and, concomitantly, ICD release.	Carbohydrates	91-103	LDL receptor related protein 1	Homo sapiens	18-22
12958180-2	2003	Particularly, the anaphylactogenic activity of IgE directed to cross-reactive carbohydrate moieties of glycoproteins from plants and invertebrates has been a matter of debate.	Carbohydrates	78-90	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	47-50
14604115-0	2003	Capillary zone electrophoresis with a dynamic double coating for analysis of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in human serum.	Carbohydrates	77-89	transferrin	Homo sapiens	100-111
13679866-6	2003	By virtue of carbohydrate binding, galectin-7 thus exerts neuroblastoma growth control similar to galectin-1 despite their structural differences.	Carbohydrates	13-25	galectin 7	Homo sapiens	35-45
12915516-0	2003	Diagnostic characteristics of different carbohydrate-deficient transferrin methods in the detection of problem drinking: effects of liver disease and alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	40-52	transferrin	Homo sapiens	63-74
14626853-9	2003	Hence, a plausible palatable composition of protein, fat and carbohydrate has been proposed which can be incorporated in diet for the significant regulation of blood glucose and insulin level in diabetic patients.	Carbohydrates	61-73	insulin	Homo sapiens	178-185
14575363-1	2003	BACKGROUND: The ability of dietary carbohydrates to affect blood glucose and insulin levels by dietary carbohydrates is best measured by the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) which have been directly associated with risk of several chronic conditions, including cancer.	Carbohydrates	35-48	insulin	Homo sapiens	77-84
14575363-1	2003	BACKGROUND: The ability of dietary carbohydrates to affect blood glucose and insulin levels by dietary carbohydrates is best measured by the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) which have been directly associated with risk of several chronic conditions, including cancer.	Carbohydrates	103-116	insulin	Homo sapiens	77-84
12958180-4	2003	Carbohydrate analysis of the allergen revealed the presence of glycans carrying fucosyl and xylosyl residues, structures previously shown to bind IgE.	Carbohydrates	0-12	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	146-149
12958180-9	2003	All these observations taken together confer convincing evidence that IgE directed to cross-reactive carbohydrates is capable of eliciting allergic reactions in vivo.	Carbohydrates	101-114	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	70-73
14627322-2	2003	The child had characteristic dysmorphic features of carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome, which was confirmed by serum levels of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin.	Carbohydrates	52-64	transferrin	Homo sapiens	160-171
12810822-1	2003	Sphingolipid activator proteins (saposins A, B, C, and D) are derived from a common precursor protein (prosaposin) and specifically activate in vivo degradation of glycolipids with short carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	187-199	prosaposin	Mus musculus	103-113
12949361-6	2003	Compared with the low fat diet, the very low carbohydrate diet increased (P &lt;or= 0.05) fasting serum total cholesterol (16%), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) (15%) and HDL-C (33%) and decreased serum triacylglycerols (-30%), the total cholesterol to HDL ratio (-13%) and the area under the 8-h postprandial triacylglycerol curve (-31%).	Carbohydrates	45-57	component of oligomeric golgi complex 2	Homo sapiens	129-144
12949361-6	2003	Compared with the low fat diet, the very low carbohydrate diet increased (P &lt;or= 0.05) fasting serum total cholesterol (16%), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) (15%) and HDL-C (33%) and decreased serum triacylglycerols (-30%), the total cholesterol to HDL ratio (-13%) and the area under the 8-h postprandial triacylglycerol curve (-31%).	Carbohydrates	45-57	component of oligomeric golgi complex 2	Homo sapiens	146-151
12949361-8	2003	In normal weight, normolipidemic women, a short-term very low carbohydrate diet modestly increased LDL-C, yet there were favorable effects on cardiovascular disease risk status by virtue of a relatively larger increase in HDL-C and a decrease in fasting and postprandial triaclyglycerols.	Carbohydrates	62-74	component of oligomeric golgi complex 2	Homo sapiens	99-104
14669930-2	2003	Studies have also found that the co-ingestion of carbohydrate along with creatine increases muscle creatine uptake by a process related to insulin-stimulated glucose disposal.	Carbohydrates	49-61	insulin	Homo sapiens	139-146
14669937-1	2003	Increasing the plasma glucose and insulin concentrations during prolonged variable intensity exercise by supplementing with carbohydrate has been found to spare muscle glycogen and increase aerobic endurance.	Carbohydrates	124-136	insulin	Homo sapiens	34-41
14669937-2	2003	Furthermore, the addition of protein to a carbohydrate supplement will enhance the insulin response of a carbohydrate supplement.	Carbohydrates	42-54	insulin	Homo sapiens	83-90
14669937-2	2003	Furthermore, the addition of protein to a carbohydrate supplement will enhance the insulin response of a carbohydrate supplement.	Carbohydrates	105-117	insulin	Homo sapiens	83-90
14669937-8	2003	Blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were elevated above placebo during carbohydrate and carbohydrate-protein supplementation, but no differences were found between the carbohydrate and carbohydrate-protein treatments.	Carbohydrates	75-87	insulin	Homo sapiens	25-32
14669937-8	2003	Blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were elevated above placebo during carbohydrate and carbohydrate-protein supplementation, but no differences were found between the carbohydrate and carbohydrate-protein treatments.	Carbohydrates	92-104	insulin	Homo sapiens	25-32
14669937-8	2003	Blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were elevated above placebo during carbohydrate and carbohydrate-protein supplementation, but no differences were found between the carbohydrate and carbohydrate-protein treatments.	Carbohydrates	92-104	insulin	Homo sapiens	25-32
14669937-8	2003	Blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were elevated above placebo during carbohydrate and carbohydrate-protein supplementation, but no differences were found between the carbohydrate and carbohydrate-protein treatments.	Carbohydrates	92-104	insulin	Homo sapiens	25-32
12921877-3	2003	Between each dietary period there was a washout period of 10 d. Diet 1 had a higher proportion of energy from carbohydrate (72%), diet 2 had a higher proportion of energy from protein (43%), and diet 3 had a higher proportion of energy from fat (68%).	Carbohydrates	110-122	MAM and LDL receptor class A domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	64-70
12886241-1	2003	CD65s appears when the progenitor antigen CD34 disappears, suggesting that this sialylated carbohydrate antigen marks a turning point in normal myeloid differentiation.	Carbohydrates	91-103	CD34 molecule	Homo sapiens	42-46
12874444-3	2003	Galectin-3 interacts with the beta-galactoside residues of cell surface and matrix glycoproteins via the carbohydrate recognition domain and with intracellular proteins via peptide-peptide associations mediated by its N-terminus domain.	Carbohydrates	105-117	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	0-10
12794182-0	2003	IL-6 gene expression in human adipose tissue in response to exercise--effect of carbohydrate ingestion.	Carbohydrates	80-92	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	0-4
12794182-3	2003	In contrast, the increase in plasma IL-6 is blunted if carbohydrate is administered, indicating a substrate-regulated induction of IL-6 in human skeletal muscle.	Carbohydrates	55-67	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	36-40
12794182-3	2003	In contrast, the increase in plasma IL-6 is blunted if carbohydrate is administered, indicating a substrate-regulated induction of IL-6 in human skeletal muscle.	Carbohydrates	55-67	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	131-135
12794182-12	2003	In conclusion, exercise results in an increase in IL-6 gene expression in adipose tissue in response to exercise, an effect that is significantly blunted by ingestion of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	170-182	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	50-54
12866664-6	2003	After binding to its receptor, insulin has been shown to exert its classical effects on carbohydrate metabolism in the stimulated T- cell; thereby, validating the use of activated T-lymphocytes for studying the pathogenesis of metabolic and immune disorders and the mechanism(s) by which insulin exerts its effects.	Carbohydrates	88-100	insulin	Homo sapiens	31-38
12861230-10	2003	There was a strong, positive, linear relation between postprandial insulin responses and postprandial leptin concentrations at 6 h. In addition, there was a strong, negative, linear relation between whole-body insulin sensitivity (based on postprandial responses of glucose and insulin) and postprandial leptin concentrations at 6 h. CONCLUSION: Daily moderate intensity exercise, without concomitant changes in body fat mass, suppressed fasting and postprandial circulating leptin concentrations after consumption of a short-term high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	536-548	insulin	Homo sapiens	67-74
12915672-1	2003	Because insulin is an important regulator of protein metabolism, we hypothesized that physiological modulation of insulin secretion, by means of extreme variations in dietary carbohydrate content, affects postabsorptive protein metabolism.	Carbohydrates	175-187	insulin	Homo sapiens	8-15
12915672-4	2003	The low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet resulted in lower absorptive and postabsorptive plasma insulin concentrations, and higher rates of nitrogen excretion compared with the other two diets: 15.3 +/- 0.9 vs. 12.1 +/- 1.1 (P = 0.03) and 10.8 +/- 0.5 g/24 h (P = 0.005), respectively.	Carbohydrates	8-20	insulin	Homo sapiens	90-97
12889478-2	2003	Most L-selectin ligands such as CD34 and podocalyxin present sulfated carbohydrate structures (6-sulfated sialyl Lewis x or 6-sulfo-sLex) as a recognition determinant within their heavily glycosylated mucin domains.	Carbohydrates	70-82	CD34 molecule	Homo sapiens	32-36
12889478-2	2003	Most L-selectin ligands such as CD34 and podocalyxin present sulfated carbohydrate structures (6-sulfated sialyl Lewis x or 6-sulfo-sLex) as a recognition determinant within their heavily glycosylated mucin domains.	Carbohydrates	70-82	podocalyxin like	Homo sapiens	41-52
12878921-6	2003	Changes in the level of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin were consistent with changes in self-reported drinking behavior.	Carbohydrates	24-36	transferrin	Homo sapiens	47-58
12829631-9	2003	These results are consistent with the putative roles of PPAR-gamma(1) and PPAR-gamma(2) in carbohydrate metabolism and energy homeostasis, respectively.	Carbohydrates	91-103	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	74-86
12763711-7	2003	High insulin levels were related to greater percentage body fat, dietary carbohydrate and fat intake, lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (in men), higher total cholesterol (in women), and a trend toward higher triglycerides.	Carbohydrates	73-85	insulin	Homo sapiens	5-12
12771980-3	2003	Raised levels of IGF-I and/or its molar ratio with IGFBP-3 were associated with higher intakes of milk, dairy products, calcium, carbohydrate and polyunsaturated fat; lower levels with high vegetable consumption, particularly tomatoes.	Carbohydrates	129-141	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	17-22
12906060-0	2003	Effect of dietary carbohydrate composition and availability on utilization of ruminal ammonia nitrogen for milk protein synthesis in dairy cows.	Carbohydrates	18-30	casein beta	Bos taurus	107-119
12795591-1	2003	In a biomembrane modeling system, reverse micelles, somatic ACE forms dimers via carbohydrate-mediated interaction, providing evidence for the existence of a carbohydrate-recognizing domain on the ACE molecule.	Carbohydrates	81-93	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	60-63
12795591-1	2003	In a biomembrane modeling system, reverse micelles, somatic ACE forms dimers via carbohydrate-mediated interaction, providing evidence for the existence of a carbohydrate-recognizing domain on the ACE molecule.	Carbohydrates	81-93	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	197-200
12795591-1	2003	In a biomembrane modeling system, reverse micelles, somatic ACE forms dimers via carbohydrate-mediated interaction, providing evidence for the existence of a carbohydrate-recognizing domain on the ACE molecule.	Carbohydrates	158-170	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	60-63
12795591-1	2003	In a biomembrane modeling system, reverse micelles, somatic ACE forms dimers via carbohydrate-mediated interaction, providing evidence for the existence of a carbohydrate-recognizing domain on the ACE molecule.	Carbohydrates	158-170	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	197-200
12795591-5	2003	Five mAbs allowed the formation of "double" antibody-ACE-ACE-antibody complexes via carbohydrate-mediated interactions.	Carbohydrates	84-96	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	53-56
12795591-5	2003	Five mAbs allowed the formation of "double" antibody-ACE-ACE-antibody complexes via carbohydrate-mediated interactions.	Carbohydrates	84-96	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	57-60
12766022-0	2003	Increased carbohydrate-deficient transferrin of unknown etiology in a 15-year-old male patient with autoimmune hepatitis type 1.	Carbohydrates	10-22	transferrin	Homo sapiens	33-44
12828793-8	2003	The LDL-cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B : apolipoprotein A-I ratios increased by 13 (95 % CI 5.7, 21.8) and 10 (95 % CI 3.1, 17.2) % respectively on the trans diet compared with the oleate diet and by 6 (95 % CI 0.1,12.7) and 7 (95 % CI 0, 13.5) % respectively compared with the carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	296-308	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	40-56
12828793-8	2003	The LDL-cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B : apolipoprotein A-I ratios increased by 13 (95 % CI 5.7, 21.8) and 10 (95 % CI 3.1, 17.2) % respectively on the trans diet compared with the oleate diet and by 6 (95 % CI 0.1,12.7) and 7 (95 % CI 0, 13.5) % respectively compared with the carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	296-308	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	59-77
12765670-15	2003	CONCLUSIONS: Hyperglycemic critically ill patients fed with a high-protein diet with a similar caloric percentage of fat and carbohydrates show a significant reduction in plasma glucose levels, capillary glucose levels and insulin requirements in comparison to patients on a conventional high-protein diet.	Carbohydrates	125-138	insulin	Homo sapiens	223-230
12626397-1	2003	The expression of the Lewis X (Lex) carbohydrate structure in brain is developmentally regulated and is thought to play a role in cell-cell interaction during neuronal development.	Carbohydrates	36-48	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	22-29
12880136-0	2003	The analysis of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, marker of chronic alcoholism, using capillary electrophoresis.	Carbohydrates	16-28	transferrin	Homo sapiens	39-50
12880136-1	2003	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is currently considered to be the best available marker for the diagnosis of chronic alcoholism.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
12791619-5	2003	Carbohydrate intakes were examined in relation to glycated hemoglobin (Hb A(1c)), plasma glucose, serum C-peptide, and serum insulin concentrations by using logistic regression.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	125-132
12791417-7	2003	METHODS: In the present work, the pharmacodynamic glucose and insulin response was modeled by fitting glucose and insulin data simultaneously with a nonlinear model incorporating known carbohydrate regulation mechanisms.	Carbohydrates	185-197	insulin	Homo sapiens	62-69
12626397-1	2003	The expression of the Lewis X (Lex) carbohydrate structure in brain is developmentally regulated and is thought to play a role in cell-cell interaction during neuronal development.	Carbohydrates	36-48	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	31-34
12871146-1	2003	Galectin-1 requires a reducing environment for its lectin activity and the carbohydrate binding function is destroyed in oxidizing condition.	Carbohydrates	75-87	galectin-1	Capra hircus	0-10
12833108-2	2003	We studied the plasma concentration and the proteolytic activation status of adiponectin following the consumption of a high-fat, low-carbohydrate meal.	Carbohydrates	134-146	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	77-88
12934779-0	2003	Value of determining carbohydrate-deficient transferrin isoforms in the diagnosis of alcoholic liver disease.	Carbohydrates	21-33	transferrin	Homo sapiens	44-55
12934779-1	2003	OBJECTIVE: To determine whether isoform separation of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is of value in the diagnosis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and is specific to ALD when compared with other liver diseases.	Carbohydrates	54-66	transferrin	Homo sapiens	77-88
12805252-1	2003	OBJECTIVE: To assess the postprandial leptin responses to a carbohydrate and a fatty meal in obese subjects and its association with postprandial insulin response.	Carbohydrates	60-72	insulin	Homo sapiens	146-153
12871146-2	2003	In this report we provide direct evidence that the oxidation of goat hepatic galectin-1 perturbs its carbohydrate recognition domain and this could be due to changes in secondary structure of goat hepatic galectin-1.	Carbohydrates	101-113	galectin-1	Capra hircus	77-87
12871146-2	2003	In this report we provide direct evidence that the oxidation of goat hepatic galectin-1 perturbs its carbohydrate recognition domain and this could be due to changes in secondary structure of goat hepatic galectin-1.	Carbohydrates	101-113	galectin-1	Capra hircus	205-215
12684532-1	2003	Carbohydrate-responsive element binding protein (ChREBP) is a transcription factor that activates lipogenic genes in liver in response to excess carbohydrate in the diet.	Carbohydrates	145-157	MLX interacting protein-like	Rattus norvegicus	0-47
12787488-10	2003	In conclusion, changes in the composition of dietary fat and carbohydrates could affect the hepatic ACS, CPT-I, and ACC mRNA levels.	Carbohydrates	61-74	acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1	Rattus norvegicus	100-103
12761364-5	2003	Insulin sensitivity, measured only in subjects without diabetes, also improved more among subjects on the low-carbohydrate diet (6+/-9 percent vs. -3+/-8 percent, P=0.01).	Carbohydrates	110-122	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
12761364-6	2003	The amount of weight lost (P&lt;0.001) and assignment to the low-carbohydrate diet (P=0.01) were independent predictors of improvement in triglyceride levels and insulin sensitivity.	Carbohydrates	65-77	insulin	Homo sapiens	162-169
12761364-7	2003	CONCLUSIONS: Severely obese subjects with a high prevalence of diabetes or the metabolic syndrome lost more weight during six months on a carbohydrate-restricted diet than on a calorie- and fat-restricted diet, with a relative improvement in insulin sensitivity and triglyceride levels, even after adjustment for the amount of weight lost.	Carbohydrates	138-150	insulin	Homo sapiens	242-249
12729647-2	2003	A non-carbohydrate-containing polyacrylamide conjugate sTyr-PAA (80% mol of sTyr) was a remarkably potent inhibitor of P-selectin binding in vitro, having an IC(50) value of 6 ng/mL (equivalent to 10 nM calculated on the basis of sTyr residues or 0.1 nM calculated by the mass of the macromolecule).	Carbohydrates	6-18	selectin P	Rattus norvegicus	119-129
12713451-8	2003	CONCLUSIONS: By design, the HFMs were not isocaloric but the presence of carbohydrate in a HFM invoked an insulin response that significantly reduced the 4 h postprandial triglyceride response even in healthy, normolipidaemic subjects.	Carbohydrates	73-85	insulin	Homo sapiens	106-113
12730484-3	2003	Insulin-regulated carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism are all affected to a variable degree.	Carbohydrates	18-30	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
12775170-3	2003	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, however, seems to elevate because of the direct action of alcohol or one of its metabolites.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
12828198-2	2003	Insulin, which increases in blood after glycemic carbohydrate ingestion, seems to effectively stimulate protein synthesis and inhibit protein degradation right after exercise rather than later.	Carbohydrates	49-61	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
12753898-1	2003	Aldose 1-epimerase or mutarotase (EC 5.1.3.3) is a key enzyme of carbohydrate metabolism catalysing the interconversion of the alpha- and beta-anomers of hexose sugars such as glucose and galactose.	Carbohydrates	65-77	galactose mutarotase	Homo sapiens	0-32
12711663-0	2003	Multicentre evaluation of a new assay for determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin.	Carbohydrates	59-71	transferrin	Homo sapiens	82-93
12711663-1	2003	AIMS: The analytical performance of the new Tina-quant % carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (%CDT) was assessed in a multicentre study on Roche/Hitachi analysers.	Carbohydrates	57-69	transferrin	Homo sapiens	80-91
12716788-6	2003	HDL cholesterol (beta = 0.24, P = 0.05) and apoA1 (beta = 0.32, P = 0.004) correlated independently with HbA(1c), and HDL cholesterol (beta = -0.34, P = 0.009) correlated with percentage energy intake from complex carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	214-227	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	44-49
12855010-1	2003	Both in vivo and in primary rat hepatocyte culture, carbohydrate and triiodothyronine (T(3)) rapidly induce transcription of the rat S14 gene.	Carbohydrates	52-64	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	133-136
12684532-1	2003	Carbohydrate-responsive element binding protein (ChREBP) is a transcription factor that activates lipogenic genes in liver in response to excess carbohydrate in the diet.	Carbohydrates	145-157	MLX interacting protein-like	Rattus norvegicus	49-55
12554133-2	2003	A simple, low chemical noise deglycosylation reaction removed microheterogeneity due to post-translational carbohydrate attachment and both proteins were detectable using MALDI-TOF-MS. Deglycosylated human erythropoietin (hEPO) was also detected using HPLC-ESI-MS.	Carbohydrates	107-119	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	206-220
12663349-2	2003	The conclusion is that growth hormone does indeed have powerful effects on fat and carbohydrate metabolism, and in particular promotes the metabolic use of adipose tissue triacylglycerol.	Carbohydrates	83-95	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	23-37
12673740-8	2003	Preoperative carbohydrates reduce postoperative insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	13-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	48-55
12691916-10	2003	CONCLUSIONS: Increasing the sialic acid-containing carbohydrate content beyond the maximum found in EPO leads to a molecule with a longer circulating half-life and thereby an increased in vivo potency that can be administered less frequently.	Carbohydrates	51-63	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	100-103
12751364-7	2003	The advent modified, recombinant insulins, which became available only in the last several years, allows for an insulin regimen to better match the absorption of dietary carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	170-182	insulin	Homo sapiens	33-40
12675960-8	2003	There was an independent inverse relationship between IGF-I and dietary carbohydrate intake CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence for a dietary contribution to regulation of the IGF system, although the effects of ethnicity on circulating IGF levels remain dominant.	Carbohydrates	72-84	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	54-59
12722853-5	2003	Laboratory indicators such as gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, mean corpuscular volume, and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin are nonspecific but can add to the evidence of alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	90-102	transferrin	Homo sapiens	113-124
12691916-1	2003	OBJECTIVE: Experiments on human erythropoietin (EPO) demonstrated that there is a direct relationship between the sialic acid-containing carbohydrate content of EPO, its circulating half-life, and in vivo bioactivity.	Carbohydrates	137-149	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	32-46
12691916-1	2003	OBJECTIVE: Experiments on human erythropoietin (EPO) demonstrated that there is a direct relationship between the sialic acid-containing carbohydrate content of EPO, its circulating half-life, and in vivo bioactivity.	Carbohydrates	137-149	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	48-51
12691916-1	2003	OBJECTIVE: Experiments on human erythropoietin (EPO) demonstrated that there is a direct relationship between the sialic acid-containing carbohydrate content of EPO, its circulating half-life, and in vivo bioactivity.	Carbohydrates	137-149	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	161-164
12745874-2	2003	Rats fed intragastrically with ethanol-containing diets made with low levels of carbohydrates have greater CYP2E1 induction than rats fed similar diets made with high carbohydrate levels.	Carbohydrates	80-93	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	107-113
12745874-2	2003	Rats fed intragastrically with ethanol-containing diets made with low levels of carbohydrates have greater CYP2E1 induction than rats fed similar diets made with high carbohydrate levels.	Carbohydrates	80-92	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	107-113
12745874-4	2003	FGC-4 rat hepatoma cells were used to test the hypothesis that carbohydrates could down-regulate ethanol-induced CYP2E1 induction.	Carbohydrates	63-76	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	113-119
12745874-12	2003	These data demonstrate that under culture conditions of extremely low carbohydrate concentrations: (1) ethanol treatment of FGC-4 cells results in elevated steady-state levels of CYP2E1 mRNA and protein; and (2) glucose inhibits this increase.	Carbohydrates	70-82	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	179-185
12629551-1	2003	Diabetes, a disease in which carbohydrate and lipid metabolism are regulated improperly by insulin, is a serious worldwide health issue.	Carbohydrates	29-41	insulin	Homo sapiens	91-98
12401114-3	2003	We find that, in FRTL-5 and PC-Cl3 cells, calnexin and calreticulin interact with newly synthesized Tg in a carbohydrate-dependent manner, with largely overlapping kinetics that are concomitant with the maturation of Tg intrachain disulphide bonds, preceding Tg dimerization and exit from the ER.	Carbohydrates	108-120	thyroglobulin	Rattus norvegicus	100-102
12401114-6	2003	Interestingly, thapsigargin treatment induces the premature exit of Tg from the calnexin/calreticulin cycle, while stabilizing and prolonging interactions of Tg with BiP (immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein) and GRP94 (glucose-regulated protein 94), two chaperones whose binding is not carbohydrate-dependent.	Carbohydrates	293-305	thyroglobulin	Rattus norvegicus	158-160
12628483-6	2003	Because many GSL-binding pathogens have been shown to bind "multivalent" saccharides, approaches for identifying and preparing them as well as methods for characterizing their effectiveness as ligands are reviewed.	Carbohydrates	73-84	cathepsin A	Homo sapiens	13-16
12628032-0	2003	Carbohydrate-induced manipulation of insulin sensitivity independently of intramyocellular lipids.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	37-44
12610012-1	2003	OBJECTIVE: Insulin secretion in response to carbohydrate intake is blunted in type 2 diabetic patients.	Carbohydrates	44-56	insulin	Homo sapiens	11-18
12600878-6	2003	Analysis of the human IL-8 promoter revealed binding sites for NF-kappaB and AP-1 as well as several aligned carbohydrate response elements (also known as E-boxes).	Carbohydrates	109-121	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	22-26
12610012-9	2003	CONCLUSIONS: The insulin secretory capacity in long-term type 2 diabetic patients is substantially underestimated, as the insulin response following carbohydrate intake can be nearly tripled by coingestion of a free amino acid/protein mixture.	Carbohydrates	149-161	insulin	Homo sapiens	17-24
12610012-9	2003	CONCLUSIONS: The insulin secretory capacity in long-term type 2 diabetic patients is substantially underestimated, as the insulin response following carbohydrate intake can be nearly tripled by coingestion of a free amino acid/protein mixture.	Carbohydrates	149-161	insulin	Homo sapiens	122-129
12610012-3	2003	Recently, we defined an optimal insulinoptropic mixture containing free leucine, phenylalanine, and a protein hydrolysate that substantially enhances the insulin response in healthy young subjects when coingested with carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	218-230	insulin	Homo sapiens	32-39
12570841-2	2003	Recent studies have focused on the mechanism of inhibition of phosphorylation of the mutant type of p53 protein, structural characterisation of the drug-DNA complex, the synthesis of carbohydrate derivatives and calculations of physical parameters, including dipole moments, as potential screens to allow identification of new active derivatives.	Carbohydrates	183-195	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	100-103
12586312-3	2003	GLP-2 and GLP-1 are co-secreted from the enteroendocrine L-cells located in distal intestine in response to enteral nutrient ingestion, especially carbohydrate and fat.	Carbohydrates	147-159	glucagon	Homo sapiens	0-5
12626412-5	2003	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is the result of multiple alterations of glycosylation.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
12737716-5	2003	In conjunction with obesity and physical inactivity, which induce a state of insulin resistance, certain dietary patterns that stimulate insulin secretion, including high intakes of red and processed meats, saturated and trans-fats, and highly processed carbohydrates and sugars, may increase the risk of colon cancer.	Carbohydrates	254-267	insulin	Homo sapiens	137-144
12652352-5	2003	This behaviour translates as a rapid release of insulin into the blood stream in response to the ingestion of carbohydrates or a mixed meal.	Carbohydrates	110-123	insulin	Homo sapiens	48-55
12705369-0	2003	Influence of oral insulin supplementation on carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism in weaned Balb/c mice.	Carbohydrates	45-57	insulin	Homo sapiens	18-25
12464625-8	2003	Also, several novel findings about the recognition of saccharide ligands by calreticulin vis a vis legume lectins, which have the same fold as this chaperone, are discussed.	Carbohydrates	54-64	calreticulin	Homo sapiens	76-88
12601737-3	2003	Since the host cell line used for EPO production influences its glycosylation, the carbohydrate distribution of natural human EPO may be different from that of recombinant EPO.	Carbohydrates	83-95	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	126-129
12631049-1	2003	BACKGROUND: Surgery is succeeded by long-lasting state of relative peripheral insulin resistance, which is reduced by giving glucose infusion or oral carbohydrate-rich drinks immediate before operating instead of fasting.	Carbohydrates	150-162	insulin	Homo sapiens	78-85
12575905-0	2003	A randomised four-intervention crossover study investigating the effect of carbohydrates on daytime profiles of insulin, glucose, non-esterified fatty acids and triacylglycerols in middle-aged men.	Carbohydrates	75-88	insulin	Homo sapiens	112-119
12575905-7	2003	The HIGH-FAT compared with the three high-carbohydrate diets was associated with lower postprandial insulin and glucose but higher postprandial TG and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA).	Carbohydrates	42-54	insulin	Homo sapiens	100-107
12553944-2	2003	Pre-operative carbohydrate loading reduces post-operative insulin resistance and its consequences.	Carbohydrates	14-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	58-65
12601737-3	2003	Since the host cell line used for EPO production influences its glycosylation, the carbohydrate distribution of natural human EPO may be different from that of recombinant EPO.	Carbohydrates	83-95	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	126-129
12540581-8	2003	The results indicate that Stx1B is stricter in the recognition of carbohydrate determinants than GS-I-B4 when examined with biological ligands.	Carbohydrates	66-78	syntaxin 1B	Mus musculus	26-31
12557135-9	2003	RESULTS: Treatment with GH increased intestinal absorption of energy (15% +/- 5%, P &lt; 0.002), nitrogen (14% +/- 6%, P &lt; 0.04), carbohydrates (10% +/- 4%, P &lt; 0.04), and fat (12% +/- 8%, NS).	Carbohydrates	133-146	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	24-26
12749688-10	2003	Finally, the relationships between hyperlipidemia and/or lipolysis and altered carbohydrate metabolism (i.e. mild glucose intolerance, insulin resistance) suggest an association with cardiovascular risk in protease treated patients (Metabolic Syndrome X).	Carbohydrates	79-91	insulin	Homo sapiens	135-142
12728573-0	2003	[Comments on the article by Dastych M. et al: "Diagnostic value of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, gamma-glutamyltransferase and mean erythrocyte volume as laboratory markers of chronic alcohol abuse"].	Carbohydrates	67-79	transferrin	Homo sapiens	90-101
12708262-3	2003	Insulin and IGF-1 respond to dietary changes in carbohydrates and proteins; evidence shows that IGF-1 and leptin may be good indicators of nutritional recovery.	Carbohydrates	48-61	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
12708262-3	2003	Insulin and IGF-1 respond to dietary changes in carbohydrates and proteins; evidence shows that IGF-1 and leptin may be good indicators of nutritional recovery.	Carbohydrates	48-61	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	12-17
12569110-5	2003	The precise 0.75 protein to carbohydrate ratio required with each meal is promoted to reduce the insulin to glucagon ratio, which purportedly affects eicosanoid metabolism and ultimately produces a cascade of biological events leading to a reduction in chronic disease risk, enhanced immunity, maximal physical and mental performance, increased longevity and permanent weight loss.	Carbohydrates	28-40	insulin	Homo sapiens	97-104
12728578-0	2003	[Diagnostic value of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, gamma-glutamyltransferase and mean erythrocyte volume as laboratory markers of chronic alcohol abuse].	Carbohydrates	21-33	transferrin	Homo sapiens	44-55
12797442-7	2003	Although DC-SIGN is a C-type lectin with an affinity for carbohydrates exemplified by its interaction with its immunological ligand ICAM-3, recent evidence demonstrates that glycosylation of gp120 is not necessary for its interaction with DC-SIGN.	Carbohydrates	57-70	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	9-16
12488297-1	2003	BACKGROUND: Dietary carbohydrates vary in their ability to raise blood glucose and insulin levels, which, in turn, influence levels of sex hormones and insulin-like growth factors.	Carbohydrates	20-33	insulin	Homo sapiens	83-90
12488297-1	2003	BACKGROUND: Dietary carbohydrates vary in their ability to raise blood glucose and insulin levels, which, in turn, influence levels of sex hormones and insulin-like growth factors.	Carbohydrates	20-33	insulin	Homo sapiens	152-159
12765790-0	2003	Localization of defined carbohydrate epitopes in bovine polysialylated NCAM.	Carbohydrates	24-36	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	71-75
12525824-4	2003	We have shown that such platelet-promoted enhancement of LPS-induced TF activity in monocytes in whole blood depends on neutrophil involvement in a P-selectin/CD15 (a leukocyte membrane-bound carbohydrate)-dependent reaction.	Carbohydrates	192-204	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	159-163
12828818-1	2003	Accurate bolus insulin doses require calculations based on (1) current blood glucose, (2) target blood glucose, (3) carbohydrate-to-insulin ratios, (4) total grams of carbohydrate in meals, and (5) insulin sensitivity factors.	Carbohydrates	116-128	insulin	Homo sapiens	15-22
12828818-1	2003	Accurate bolus insulin doses require calculations based on (1) current blood glucose, (2) target blood glucose, (3) carbohydrate-to-insulin ratios, (4) total grams of carbohydrate in meals, and (5) insulin sensitivity factors.	Carbohydrates	167-179	insulin	Homo sapiens	15-22
12828818-12	2003	These results confirm that bolus insulin doses computed by a bolus calculator, compared with standard bolus techniques, achieve target postprandial blood glucose but with fewer correction boluses and supplemental carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	213-225	insulin	Homo sapiens	33-40
12725709-1	2003	Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) mediates the insulin-sensitizing effects of thiazolidinediones used for treatment of type 2 diabetes, owing to changes in the transcription and expression of genes influencing carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	242-254	insulin	Homo sapiens	79-86
12527977-11	2003	Altering the timing of the ingestion of carbohydrate before exercise resulted in differences in plasma glucose/insulin responses which disappeared within 10 min of exercise and which had no effect on performance.	Carbohydrates	40-52	insulin	Homo sapiens	111-118
14511424-3	2003	In addition, the calculation of the correct insulin dose is complex because it requires considering anticipated carbohydrate consumption and exercise in addition to the current blood glucose level.	Carbohydrates	112-124	insulin	Homo sapiens	44-51
12841123-9	2003	CONCLUSIONS: The study showed a changes in the system of IGF-1 and its binding proteins associated with studied metabolic diseases that confirm active participations of this system in carbohydrate metabolism regulation.	Carbohydrates	184-196	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	57-62
12511527-12	2003	However, interstitial angiotensin II modulates lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in a tissue specific fashion.	Carbohydrates	57-69	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	22-36
14686093-9	2003	Because carbohydrate ingestion during exercise has been demonstrated to blunt the IL-6 and hormonal response, it might also blunt other beneficial adaptations.	Carbohydrates	8-20	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	82-86
12524467-16	2003	A novel erythropoiesis-stimulating factor (NESP, darbepoetin) has been synthesized and when compared with rHuEPO, NESP has a higher carbohydrate content (52% vs 40%), a longer plasma half-life, the amino acid sequence differs from that of native human EPO at five positions, and has been reported to maintain hemoglobin levels just as effectively in patients with chronic renal failure as rHuEPO at less frequent dosing.	Carbohydrates	132-144	GNAS complex locus	Homo sapiens	43-47
12524467-16	2003	A novel erythropoiesis-stimulating factor (NESP, darbepoetin) has been synthesized and when compared with rHuEPO, NESP has a higher carbohydrate content (52% vs 40%), a longer plasma half-life, the amino acid sequence differs from that of native human EPO at five positions, and has been reported to maintain hemoglobin levels just as effectively in patients with chronic renal failure as rHuEPO at less frequent dosing.	Carbohydrates	132-144	GNAS complex locus	Homo sapiens	114-118
12634320-0	2003	Carbohydrate-binding properties of human neo-CRP and its relationship to phosphorylcholine-binding site.	Carbohydrates	0-12	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	45-48
12477859-3	2003	This binding was decreased by calcium depletion and was partially prevented by ligands of the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R), thyroglobulin, asialothyroglobulin, and antibody against a peptide in the carbohydrate recognition domain of ASGP-R but not preimmune antibody.	Carbohydrates	206-218	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	94-121
12509497-12	2003	The observation of a relationship between IL-6 release and muscle glycogen store both at rest and after exercise suggests that IL-6 may act as a carbohydrate sensor.	Carbohydrates	145-157	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	42-46
12509497-12	2003	The observation of a relationship between IL-6 release and muscle glycogen store both at rest and after exercise suggests that IL-6 may act as a carbohydrate sensor.	Carbohydrates	145-157	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	127-131
14768906-4	2003	The resulting conjugate showed dual functions of SOD and catalase; (2) a carbohydrate, to facilitate receptor binding and, hence, active targeting.	Carbohydrates	73-85	catalase	Homo sapiens	57-66
14582801-8	2003	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), which refers to changes in the carbohydrate composition of serum transferrin, is a more specific marker for identifying excessive alcohol consumption and monitoring abstinence during outpatient treatment.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
14582801-8	2003	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), which refers to changes in the carbohydrate composition of serum transferrin, is a more specific marker for identifying excessive alcohol consumption and monitoring abstinence during outpatient treatment.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	107-118
14582801-8	2003	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), which refers to changes in the carbohydrate composition of serum transferrin, is a more specific marker for identifying excessive alcohol consumption and monitoring abstinence during outpatient treatment.	Carbohydrates	73-85	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
14582801-8	2003	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), which refers to changes in the carbohydrate composition of serum transferrin, is a more specific marker for identifying excessive alcohol consumption and monitoring abstinence during outpatient treatment.	Carbohydrates	73-85	transferrin	Homo sapiens	107-118
12477859-3	2003	This binding was decreased by calcium depletion and was partially prevented by ligands of the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R), thyroglobulin, asialothyroglobulin, and antibody against a peptide in the carbohydrate recognition domain of ASGP-R but not preimmune antibody.	Carbohydrates	206-218	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	123-129
12477859-3	2003	This binding was decreased by calcium depletion and was partially prevented by ligands of the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R), thyroglobulin, asialothyroglobulin, and antibody against a peptide in the carbohydrate recognition domain of ASGP-R but not preimmune antibody.	Carbohydrates	206-218	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	241-247
14750419-1	2003	UNLABELLED: Met-enkephalin is a pentapeptide belonging to the opioid system and like other opioid peptides is involved in phenomena associated with modulated pain perception, regulation of memory and emotional conditions, food and liquid consumption, regulation of immunological system and it has an impact upon digestive system motility, gastric and pancreatic secretion, metabolism of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	387-400	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	12-26
12891233-6	2003	CONCLUSION: Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia are most important features of disturbed carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	93-105	insulin	Homo sapiens	12-19
14579600-0	2003	Carbohydrate recognition of interleukin-2 in cell proliferation.	Carbohydrates	0-12	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	28-41
12617691-10	2003	The addition of certain amino acids and/or proteins to a carbohydrate supplement can increase muscle glycogen synthesis rates, most probably because of an enhanced insulin response.	Carbohydrates	57-69	insulin	Homo sapiens	164-171
12617691-11	2003	However, when carbohydrate intake is high (&gt; or =1.2 g/kg/h) and provided at regular intervals, a further increase in insulin concentrations by additional supplementation of protein and/or amino acids does not further increase the rate of muscle glycogen synthesis.	Carbohydrates	14-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	121-128
12566136-7	2002	Increased meal frequency as a model for reducing the rate of carbohydrate absorption has been shown to reduce day-long glucose and insulin levels in type 2 diabetes and reduce serum lipids in nondiabetic subjects.	Carbohydrates	61-73	insulin	Homo sapiens	131-138
12450782-7	2003	Dietary changes that lower plasma insulin levels, such as a change in dietary fats and substitution of unrefined carbohydrates for refined carbohydrates, may also be helpful.	Carbohydrates	113-126	insulin	Homo sapiens	34-41
12450782-7	2003	Dietary changes that lower plasma insulin levels, such as a change in dietary fats and substitution of unrefined carbohydrates for refined carbohydrates, may also be helpful.	Carbohydrates	139-152	insulin	Homo sapiens	34-41
12463751-2	2002	Previously, it was shown that the affinity of EPO for its receptor, EPOR, is inversely related to the sialylation of EPO carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	121-133	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	46-49
12463751-2	2002	Previously, it was shown that the affinity of EPO for its receptor, EPOR, is inversely related to the sialylation of EPO carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	121-133	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	68-71
12463751-6	2002	Furthermore, glycosylated EPO had a 20-fold slower k(on) than nonglycosylated EPO, indicating that the core carbohydrate also negatively impacted k(on).	Carbohydrates	108-120	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	26-29
12463751-6	2002	Furthermore, glycosylated EPO had a 20-fold slower k(on) than nonglycosylated EPO, indicating that the core carbohydrate also negatively impacted k(on).	Carbohydrates	108-120	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	78-81
12466334-0	2002	Effect of discontinuation of long-term growth hormone treatment on carbohydrate metabolism and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in girls with Turner syndrome.	Carbohydrates	67-79	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	39-53
12489270-7	2002	As insulin resistance and subsequent hyperinsulinemia is induced by excess energy intake and some aspects of the Western diet (e.g., saturated fats and refined carbohydrates), insulin may be a focus of factors influencing colon cancer risk.	Carbohydrates	160-173	insulin	Homo sapiens	3-10
12489270-7	2002	As insulin resistance and subsequent hyperinsulinemia is induced by excess energy intake and some aspects of the Western diet (e.g., saturated fats and refined carbohydrates), insulin may be a focus of factors influencing colon cancer risk.	Carbohydrates	160-173	insulin	Homo sapiens	42-49
12324456-1	2002	Carbohydrate structure of GP-2, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein of zymogen granule membranes.	Carbohydrates	0-12	glycoprotein 2	Bos taurus	26-30
12324456-10	2002	The major carbohydrate structures of porcine GP-2 were trisialo-triantennary and tetrasialo-tetra-antennary complex-type oligosaccharides.	Carbohydrates	10-22	glycoprotein 2	Bos taurus	45-49
12324456-11	2002	Dot-blot assay showed that annexin IV interacts with GP-2 in the presence of calcium and that it recognizes the terminal sialic acid residues linked through alpha2-3 linkages to the carbohydrate of GP-2.	Carbohydrates	182-194	annexin A4	Bos taurus	27-37
12324456-11	2002	Dot-blot assay showed that annexin IV interacts with GP-2 in the presence of calcium and that it recognizes the terminal sialic acid residues linked through alpha2-3 linkages to the carbohydrate of GP-2.	Carbohydrates	182-194	glycoprotein 2	Bos taurus	198-202
12446474-0	2002	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin isoforms measured by capillary zone electrophoresis for detection of alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
12446474-1	2002	BACKGROUND: Measurements of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) are used as markers of alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	28-40	transferrin	Homo sapiens	51-62
12235148-4	2002	Recombinant ST6Gal II exhibited alpha2,6-sialyltransferase activity toward oligosaccharides that have the Galbeta1,4GlcNAc sequence at the nonreducing end of their carbohydrate groups, but it exhibited relatively low and no activities toward some glycoproteins and glycolipids, respectively.	Carbohydrates	164-176	ST6 beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	12-21
12472892-1	2002	The L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate is carried by many neural recognition molecules and is involved in neural cell interactions during development, regeneration in the peripheral nervous system, synaptic plasticity, and autoimmune-based neuropathies.	Carbohydrates	13-25	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	7-12
12472892-5	2002	The peptide mimicked several important functions of the L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate, such as binding to motor neurons in vitro, and preferential promotion of in vitro neurite outgrowth from motor axons compared with sensory neurons.	Carbohydrates	65-77	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	59-64
12472892-7	2002	The combined observations indicate that we have isolated a mimic of the L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate that is able to act as its functional substitute.	Carbohydrates	81-93	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	75-80
12392499-1	2002	Carbohydrate (CHO) and fat oxidation during exercise at SL were 2.0 +/- 0.2 and 0.3 +/- 0.0 g min(-1), respectively.	Carbohydrates	0-12	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	94-100
12428171-5	2002	Low glycemic index foods, characterized by slowly absorbed carbohydrates, have been shown in some studies to produce beneficial effects on glucose control, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, blood lipids and satiety.	Carbohydrates	59-72	insulin	Homo sapiens	161-168
12406749-8	2002	Carbohydrate competition experiments indicated that glucose, glucosamine, mannose, and fructose were taken up by the same system as NAG.	Carbohydrates	0-12	N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase	Homo sapiens	132-135
12414548-5	2002	In the group of alcoholic patients, alcohol intake cessation was confirmed by the progressive decrease of serum % carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), which was pathologically above the reference limits (6%) at T1 (7.8 +/- 3.3%), declined to 6.6 +/- 2.1% at T2 and reached physiological values at T3 and T4.	Carbohydrates	114-126	transferrin	Homo sapiens	137-148
12413942-0	2002	Concerted elevation of acyl-coenzyme A:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) activity through independent stimulation of mRNA expression of DGAT1 and DGAT2 by carbohydrate and insulin.	Carbohydrates	159-171	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2	Mus musculus	150-155
12407003-0	2002	Alcohol abuse and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin analysis: are screening and confirmatory analysis required?	Carbohydrates	18-30	transferrin	Homo sapiens	41-52
12209778-1	2002	beta-Glucuronidase from bovine liver is able to catalyze transfer of several carbohydrates to furfuryl alcohol, an acid-sensitive diene, with transfer yields as high as 84%.	Carbohydrates	77-90	beta-glucuronidase	Bos taurus	0-18
12414888-8	2002	In the adolescents, the high carbohydrate diet resulted in increased insulin sensitivity, thus facilitating insulin-mediated glucose uptake.	Carbohydrates	29-41	insulin	Homo sapiens	69-76
12414888-8	2002	In the adolescents, the high carbohydrate diet resulted in increased insulin sensitivity, thus facilitating insulin-mediated glucose uptake.	Carbohydrates	29-41	insulin	Homo sapiens	108-115
12194966-3	2002	In this study, using cornea as a model, we demonstrate for the first time the importance of carbohydrate-binding proteins galectins-3 and -7 in re-epithelialization of wounds.	Carbohydrates	92-104	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	122-140
12404202-0	2002	A three-day insulin-induced normoglycemia improves carbohydrate oxidation in type 2 diabetic subjects.	Carbohydrates	51-63	insulin	Homo sapiens	12-19
12404202-13	2002	Short-term insulin-induced normoglycemia improves the postprandial oxidation of carbohydrates, but not their storage.	Carbohydrates	80-93	insulin	Homo sapiens	11-18
14578022-3	2002	The value of serum carbohydrate deficient transferrin assays in the differential diagnosis of abnormal liver toxicity tests is emphasized.	Carbohydrates	19-31	transferrin	Homo sapiens	42-53
12356313-4	2002	The structures reveal that recombinant fibrinogen is nearly identical to the plasma protein but with minor changes, like the addition of a proximal fucose to the carbohydrate linked to residue betaGln364, and slightly different relative positions of the beta- and gamma-modules.	Carbohydrates	162-174	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	39-49
12394287-0	2002	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin levels reflect heavy drinking in alcohol-dependent women seeking treatment.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
12394287-1	2002	BACKGROUND: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is a biochemical marker that has been shown to be sensitive in detecting heavy drinking in men, but studies examining CDT in women have been inconsistent because of small sample sizes and failure to consider hormonal status.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
12244074-0	2002	TNF-alpha increases the carbohydrate sulfation of CD44: induction of 6-sulfo N-acetyl lactosamine on N- and O-linked glycans.	Carbohydrates	24-36	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	0-9
12351441-7	2002	Both insulin clearance and insulin sensitivity correlated inversely with dietary fat/carbohydrate ratio, which was higher in AA than in white children.	Carbohydrates	85-97	insulin	Homo sapiens	5-12
12351441-7	2002	Both insulin clearance and insulin sensitivity correlated inversely with dietary fat/carbohydrate ratio, which was higher in AA than in white children.	Carbohydrates	85-97	insulin	Homo sapiens	27-34
12239106-2	2002	Targeted disruption of the PACAP gene has revealed a role for this peptide in lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and the sympathetic response to insulin stress.	Carbohydrates	96-108	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	27-32
12464312-2	2002	Significant advances have been made in our understanding of the link between carbohydrate recognition and signalling for two well-characterised siglecs, CD22 and myelin-associated glycoprotein.	Carbohydrates	77-89	CD22 molecule	Homo sapiens	153-157
12625470-0	2002	Brain glycogen: an insulin-sensitive carbohydrate store.	Carbohydrates	37-49	insulin	Homo sapiens	19-26
12244074-4	2002	We determined that TNF-alpha induces the carbohydrate sulfation of CD44.	Carbohydrates	41-53	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	19-28
12169447-4	2002	TGF-beta3 induced a significant increase in total fat oxidation and a decrease in total carbohydrate oxidation.	Carbohydrates	88-100	transforming growth factor, beta 3	Rattus norvegicus	0-9
12101178-1	2002	Thrombopoietin (TPO), the primary regulator of platelet production, is composed of an amino-terminal 152 amino acids, sufficient for activity, and a carboxyl-terminal region rich in carbohydrates (183 residues) that enhances secretion of the molecule.	Carbohydrates	182-195	thrombopoietin	Homo sapiens	0-14
12101178-1	2002	Thrombopoietin (TPO), the primary regulator of platelet production, is composed of an amino-terminal 152 amino acids, sufficient for activity, and a carboxyl-terminal region rich in carbohydrates (183 residues) that enhances secretion of the molecule.	Carbohydrates	182-195	thrombopoietin	Homo sapiens	16-19
12218102-1	2002	Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a molecule of the innate immune system that recognizes the patterns of surface carbohydrate on pathogens and targets them for phagocytosis and killing.	Carbohydrates	110-122	surfactant associated protein D	Mus musculus	0-20
12218102-1	2002	Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a molecule of the innate immune system that recognizes the patterns of surface carbohydrate on pathogens and targets them for phagocytosis and killing.	Carbohydrates	110-122	surfactant associated protein D	Mus musculus	22-26
12435169-1	2002	Studies on human erythropoietin (EPO) demonstrated that there is a direct relationship between the sialic acid-containing carbohydrate content of the molecule and its serum half-life and in vivo biological activity, but an inverse relationship with its receptor-binding affinity.	Carbohydrates	122-134	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	17-31
12435169-1	2002	Studies on human erythropoietin (EPO) demonstrated that there is a direct relationship between the sialic acid-containing carbohydrate content of the molecule and its serum half-life and in vivo biological activity, but an inverse relationship with its receptor-binding affinity.	Carbohydrates	122-134	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	33-36
12355162-0	2002	The influence of cytosolic phosphoglucomutase on photosynthetic carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	64-76	phosphoglucomutase, cytoplasmic	Solanum tuberosum	17-45
12398221-2	2002	Of the acrosomal proteases identified, acrosin exhibits two distinct activities: (i) an enzymatic activity as a trypsin-like serine protease; and (ii) a lectin-like carbohydrate-binding activity.	Carbohydrates	165-177	acrosin prepropeptide	Mus musculus	39-46
12372282-2	2002	We show that Lewis X (LeX), a carbohydrate expressed by embryonic pluripotent stem cells, is made by adult mouse subventricular zone (SVZ) stem cells and shed into their environment.	Carbohydrates	30-42	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	13-20
33873306-4	2002	Anthocyanin accumulation requires light and generally coincides with periods of high excitation pressure and increased potential for photo-oxidative damage due to an imbalance between light capture, CO2 assimilation and carbohydrate utilization (e.g. greening of developing tissues, senescence and adverse environmental conditions).	Carbohydrates	220-232	DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 7	Homo sapiens	0-11
12222583-1	2002	Darbepoetin alfa is a new erythropoiesis-stimulating protein that has five carbohydrate chains compared with three in recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO, epoetin alfa).	Carbohydrates	75-87	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	4-11
12372282-2	2002	We show that Lewis X (LeX), a carbohydrate expressed by embryonic pluripotent stem cells, is made by adult mouse subventricular zone (SVZ) stem cells and shed into their environment.	Carbohydrates	30-42	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	22-25
12372282-5	2002	Thus, LeX expression by adult CNS stem cells aids their in vivo identification, allows their enrichment, and raises new questions about the role of this unusual carbohydrate in stem cell biology.	Carbohydrates	161-173	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	6-9
12223090-4	2002	Isolated enzyme in the presence of saccharide-acceptor can remove sialic acids from different lipoproteins, glycoproteins (fetuin, transferrin), and gangliosides (GM3, GD3, GM1, GD1a, GD1b).	Carbohydrates	35-45	transferrin	Homo sapiens	131-142
12176010-3	2002	Heat denaturation or neuraminidase treatment of AFP inhibits this binding, suggesting the involvement of protein-protein and lectin-carbohydrate interactions.	Carbohydrates	132-144	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	48-51
12144784-2	2002	Crystallographic data show that rat FcRn alpha-chain/beta2m heterodimers can further dimerize via ionic interactions and a carbohydrate handshake.	Carbohydrates	123-135	Fc gamma receptor and transporter	Homo sapiens	36-40
12144784-2	2002	Crystallographic data show that rat FcRn alpha-chain/beta2m heterodimers can further dimerize via ionic interactions and a carbohydrate handshake.	Carbohydrates	123-135	Fc gamma receptor and transporter	Homo sapiens	41-52
12144784-3	2002	Intriguingly, however, no dimers are found in crystals of human FcRn, probably because the charged amino acids and the carbohydrate implicated in dimerization of rat FcRn are not conserved.	Carbohydrates	119-131	Fc gamma receptor and transporter	Rattus norvegicus	166-170
12198396-1	2002	BACKGROUND: The purpose of this article is to evaluate the biological marker of heavy alcohol use, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), in contrast to the older and more widely used gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) for the detection and monitoring of heavy alcohol use.	Carbohydrates	99-111	transferrin	Homo sapiens	122-133
12181308-8	2002	It is concluded that IL-6 elicits lipolytic effects in human adipose tissue in vivo, and that IL-6 also has effects on the splanchnic lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	144-156	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	94-98
12198372-1	2002	BACKGROUND: A carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is the most useful marker of alcohol abuse; however, the mechanism of production and the pathophysiologic roles of CDT remain obscure.	Carbohydrates	14-26	transferrin	Homo sapiens	37-48
12145186-0	2002	Novel carbohydrate specificity of the 16-kDa galectin from Caenorhabditis elegans: binding to blood group precursor oligosaccharides (type 1, type 2, Talpha, and Tbeta) and gangliosides.	Carbohydrates	6-18	Galectin	Caenorhabditis elegans	45-53
12145186-4	2002	Here, we report the carbohydrate-binding specificity of the recombinant C. elegans 16-kDa galectin and the structural analysis of its binding site by homology modeling.	Carbohydrates	20-32	Galectin	Caenorhabditis elegans	90-98
12145186-6	2002	Homology modeling of the C. elegans 16-kDa galectin CRD revealed that a shorter loop containing residues 66-69, which enables interactions of Glu(67) with both axial and equatorial -OH at C-3 of GlcNAc (in Galbeta1,4GlcNAc) or at C-4 of GalNAc (in Galbeta1,3GalNAc), provides the structural basis for this novel carbohydrate specificity.	Carbohydrates	312-324	Galectin	Caenorhabditis elegans	43-51
12077732-9	2002	Approximately 70% of the variability in fat loss on the carbohydrate-restricted diet was accounted for by the decrease in serum insulin concentrations.	Carbohydrates	56-68	insulin	Homo sapiens	128-135
12119578-1	2002	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of prolonged adaptation to training and fat- or carbohydrate-rich diet on body composition and insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	85-97	insulin	Homo sapiens	132-139
12119578-17	2002	Furthermore we observed that the insulin resistance index was significantly decreased only when training was combined with a carbohydrate-rich diet.	Carbohydrates	125-137	insulin	Homo sapiens	33-40
12182952-1	2002	It has been suggested that obesity is associated with a reduced glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) response to oral carbohydrate, but not fat.	Carbohydrates	113-125	glucagon	Homo sapiens	64-87
12182952-1	2002	It has been suggested that obesity is associated with a reduced glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) response to oral carbohydrate, but not fat.	Carbohydrates	113-125	glucagon	Homo sapiens	89-94
12230794-0	2002	Modulation of post-operative insulin resistance by pre-operative carbohydrate loading.	Carbohydrates	65-77	insulin	Homo sapiens	29-36
12230794-7	2002	When patients about to undergo elective surgery have been treated with glucose intravenously or a carbohydrate-rich drink instead of overnight fasting, insulin resistance was reduced by about half.	Carbohydrates	98-110	insulin	Homo sapiens	152-159
12230794-8	2002	A small meta-analysis showed that when post-operative insulin resistance was reduced by pre-operative carbohydrates, length of hospital stay was shortened.	Carbohydrates	102-115	insulin	Homo sapiens	54-61
12016216-4	2002	However, we presented evidence for another factor, carbohydrate response factor, which is also involved in this response, and we proposed a model wherein SREBP-1c and carbohydrate response factor are independent transcription factors that act in response to insulin and glucose, respectively.	Carbohydrates	51-63	insulin	Homo sapiens	258-265
12016216-4	2002	However, we presented evidence for another factor, carbohydrate response factor, which is also involved in this response, and we proposed a model wherein SREBP-1c and carbohydrate response factor are independent transcription factors that act in response to insulin and glucose, respectively.	Carbohydrates	167-179	insulin	Homo sapiens	258-265
12077732-11	2002	Thus, we conclude that a carbohydrate-restricted diet resulted in a significant reduction in fat mass and a concomitant increase in lean body mass in normal-weight men, which may be partially mediated by the reduction in circulating insulin concentrations.	Carbohydrates	25-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	233-240
12133957-5	2002	Binding of the V alpha 14(+) TCR to CD1d requires the agonist alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer), as opposed to the nonantigenic beta-galactosylceramide, although both Ags bind to CD1d, indicating that the carbohydrate moiety of the CD1d-bound Ag plays a major role in the TCR interaction.	Carbohydrates	211-223	CD1d1 antigen	Mus musculus	36-40
12118251-4	2002	That mutant molecules primarily involved in either carbohydrate or lipid metabolism can combine to produce a phenotype of extreme insulin resistance provides a model of interactions among genes that may underlie common human metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	51-63	insulin	Homo sapiens	130-137
12208133-0	2002	Characterization of a carbohydrate response element regulating the gene for human galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase.	Carbohydrates	22-34	galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase	Homo sapiens	82-121
12208133-11	2002	Increased binding of proteins correlated with increased hGALT expression when the spacing between E-box motifs was enlarged but the carbohydrate response was dampened.	Carbohydrates	132-144	galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase	Homo sapiens	56-61
12081851-4	2002	In animals and in short-term human studies, a high intake of carbohydrates with a high glycemic index (a relative measure of the incremental glucose response per gram of carbohydrate) produced greater insulin resistance than did the intake of low-glycemic-index carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	61-74	insulin	Homo sapiens	201-208
12081851-4	2002	In animals and in short-term human studies, a high intake of carbohydrates with a high glycemic index (a relative measure of the incremental glucose response per gram of carbohydrate) produced greater insulin resistance than did the intake of low-glycemic-index carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	61-73	insulin	Homo sapiens	201-208
12166610-4	2002	Rapid-acting insulin analogues are preferred to human regular insulin for three reasons: convenience (meal-time injection, better adaptation of insulin dose to carbohydrate content of the meal); lower blood glucose 2 hours after meals; and less risk for late postprandial hypoglycaemia.	Carbohydrates	160-172	insulin	Homo sapiens	13-20
12081606-6	2002	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin was employed to assess alcoholic abstinence.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
12081606-10	2002	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin detected at baseline, at 3 months of therapy and at the end of follow-up gave a positive result only in eight determinations (1.77%), confirming the compliance of patients to our recommendation of alcohol abstinence.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
12006356-9	2002	Furthermore, the ability of insulin to decrease and increase fat and carbohydrate oxidation, respectively, was blunted in the patients.	Carbohydrates	69-81	insulin	Homo sapiens	28-35
12137941-7	2002	The predicted open reading frames encoded by the cDNAs are most closely related to human DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR in the cytoplasmic domain, the transmembrane region and the carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	170-182	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	89-96
12023878-0	2002	Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) deficiency leads to dysregulation of hepatic lipid and carbohydrate metabolism by fatty acids and insulin.	Carbohydrates	116-128	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	0-48
11937329-2	2002	LC-MS analysis of EA4 and deglycosylated EA4 indicated that the carbohydrate moiety of EA4 has the mass of 730.58 Da.	Carbohydrates	64-76	time interval measuring enzyme-esterase A4	Bombyx mori	18-21
11937329-2	2002	LC-MS analysis of EA4 and deglycosylated EA4 indicated that the carbohydrate moiety of EA4 has the mass of 730.58 Da.	Carbohydrates	64-76	time interval measuring enzyme-esterase A4	Bombyx mori	41-44
11937329-2	2002	LC-MS analysis of EA4 and deglycosylated EA4 indicated that the carbohydrate moiety of EA4 has the mass of 730.58 Da.	Carbohydrates	64-76	time interval measuring enzyme-esterase A4	Bombyx mori	41-44
12023878-0	2002	Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) deficiency leads to dysregulation of hepatic lipid and carbohydrate metabolism by fatty acids and insulin.	Carbohydrates	116-128	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	50-59
12023878-9	2002	In summary, PPARalpha deficiency leads to accumulation of hepatic TAG and elicits dysregulation of hepatic lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, emphasizing the importance of precise control of lipid oxidation for hepatic fuel homoeostasis.	Carbohydrates	117-129	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	12-21
12070431-1	2002	BACKGROUND: We attempted to determine whether including trisialo-Fe2-transferrin in carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) affects the diagnostic accuracy of CDT as a marker of chronic excessive alcohol intake.	Carbohydrates	84-96	transferrin	Homo sapiens	107-118
16290597-0	2002	Sensing specific adhesion of liposomal and micellar systems with attached carbohydrate recognition structures at lectin surfaces.	Carbohydrates	74-86	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: lectin	Glycine max	113-119
12083507-1	2002	The exact function of the carbohydrate component of von Willebrand factor (VWF) is unknown.	Carbohydrates	26-38	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	52-73
12083507-1	2002	The exact function of the carbohydrate component of von Willebrand factor (VWF) is unknown.	Carbohydrates	26-38	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	75-78
11912203-5	2002	Carbohydrate detection revealed that six of the adiponectin isoforms are glycosylated.	Carbohydrates	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	48-59
11882650-8	2002	The results imply that P34H and diacetyl reductase (EC ) are identical to l-xylulose reductase (EC ), which is involved in the uronate cycle of glucose metabolism, and the unique localization of the enzyme in kidney suggests that it has a role other than in general carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	266-278	dicarbonyl and L-xylulose reductase	Homo sapiens	23-50
11882650-8	2002	The results imply that P34H and diacetyl reductase (EC ) are identical to l-xylulose reductase (EC ), which is involved in the uronate cycle of glucose metabolism, and the unique localization of the enzyme in kidney suggests that it has a role other than in general carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	266-278	dicarbonyl and L-xylulose reductase	Homo sapiens	74-94
16290597-1	2002	A quartz crystal microbalance was used to investigate the adsorption behavior of liposomes and mixed micelles with attached carbohydrate recognition structures at lectin-coated quartz plates.	Carbohydrates	124-136	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: lectin	Glycine max	163-169
11926857-0	2002	Opposite associations of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and gamma-glutamyltransferase with prevalent coronary heart disease.	Carbohydrates	25-37	transferrin	Homo sapiens	48-59
12003906-0	2002	Multicentre validation study of instrument applications for %CDT, an immunoassay for quantification of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in serum.	Carbohydrates	103-115	transferrin	Homo sapiens	126-137
11980571-6	2002	Following the carbohydrate meal, the serum insulin concentration increased to 588+/-72 pmol/l.	Carbohydrates	14-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	43-50
11981832-0	2002	Galectin-3 modulates carbohydrate-dependent thymocyte interactions with the thymic microenvironment.	Carbohydrates	21-33	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	0-10
12084533-1	2002	E-selectin ligand Sialyl-Lewis a (SA-Le(a)) carbohydrate is expressed on many carcinomas.	Carbohydrates	44-56	selectin, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	0-10
12084533-4	2002	The replacement of Trp 5 with Phe resulted in a change of peptide"s secondary structure and increased binding with MAb and E-selectin, suggesting improved carbohydrate mimicry.	Carbohydrates	155-167	selectin, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	123-133
11788581-8	2002	Docking experiments of these conformers suggest that the carbohydrate recognition domain of IL-6 is localized in the domain previously identified as site 3 of IL-6 (Somers, W., Stahl, M., and Seehra, J. S. (1997) EMBO J.	Carbohydrates	57-69	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	92-96
11788581-8	2002	Docking experiments of these conformers suggest that the carbohydrate recognition domain of IL-6 is localized in the domain previously identified as site 3 of IL-6 (Somers, W., Stahl, M., and Seehra, J. S. (1997) EMBO J.	Carbohydrates	57-69	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	159-163
12010586-1	2002	Controversy exists about the optimal amount and source of dietary carbohydrate for managing insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	66-78	insulin	Homo sapiens	92-99
12149814-6	2002	The appropriate treatment of altered metabolism of carbohydrate requires: 1) a customized dietary approach depending on individual BMI and lipid alterations; 2) a physical exercise programme; 3) the use of insulin sensitization drugs: metformin and thiazolidinediones and, where the therapeutic goals are not achieved or there is a contraindication for oral hypoglycaemic drugs; 4) insulin therapy with regimens similar to other diabetic patients.	Carbohydrates	51-63	insulin	Homo sapiens	206-213
12149814-6	2002	The appropriate treatment of altered metabolism of carbohydrate requires: 1) a customized dietary approach depending on individual BMI and lipid alterations; 2) a physical exercise programme; 3) the use of insulin sensitization drugs: metformin and thiazolidinediones and, where the therapeutic goals are not achieved or there is a contraindication for oral hypoglycaemic drugs; 4) insulin therapy with regimens similar to other diabetic patients.	Carbohydrates	51-63	insulin	Homo sapiens	382-389
11809773-5	2002	Structurally, the Drosophila galectin was a tandem repeat galectin containing two carbohydrate recognition domains connected by a unique peptide link.	Carbohydrates	82-94	galectin	Drosophila melanogaster	29-37
11809773-5	2002	Structurally, the Drosophila galectin was a tandem repeat galectin containing two carbohydrate recognition domains connected by a unique peptide link.	Carbohydrates	82-94	galectin	Drosophila melanogaster	58-66
12007541-1	2002	After ingestion of carbohydrate- and fat-rich meals, the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is secreted from the L-cells in the distal put into the circulation.	Carbohydrates	19-31	glucagon	Homo sapiens	74-97
11926857-2	2002	We analyzed the association of 2 commonly used markers of alcohol consumption-carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT)-and self-reported alcohol consumption with prevalent CHD.	Carbohydrates	78-90	transferrin	Homo sapiens	101-112
11916932-5	2002	Heat shock protein mRNA content in muscle of examined patients correlated with the rate of glucose uptake and other measures of insulin-stimulated carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	147-159	insulin	Homo sapiens	128-135
12184210-6	2002	This review article summarizes findings on the putative roles of adenosine in insulin and exercise-mediated regulation of carbohydrate metabolism and the signalling pathways proposed to be central to these metabolic stimuli in skeletal muscle.	Carbohydrates	122-134	insulin	Homo sapiens	78-85
12031100-7	2002	To assess the role of interaction of carbohydrate structures with E-selectin in metastatic process in vivo, we demonstrated that the peptides mimicking SA-Lea blocked colonization of tumor cells in experimental model of lung metastasis in vivo.	Carbohydrates	37-49	selectin, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	66-76
11991544-1	2002	Pyruvate dehydrogenase is a mitochondrial multienzyme complex that catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-coenzyme A and regulates the entry of carbohydrate into the tricarboxylic acid cycle for oxidation.	Carbohydrates	152-164	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	0-22
11864854-10	2002	Exacerbation of the proinflammatory process may be a mechanism whereby a high intake of rapidly digested and absorbed carbohydrates increases the risk of ischemic heart disease, especially in overweight women prone to insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	118-131	insulin	Homo sapiens	218-225
11886877-5	2002	Control of reserve carbohydrates is often neglected, but the importance of daily partitioning (for growth and the subsequent night-time CAM activity) and use at night is shown to drive the CAM cycle.	Carbohydrates	19-32	calmodulin 3	Homo sapiens	189-192
11989980-5	2002	Gel mobility shift assay with antibodies against Sp1 and Sp3 revealed that DNA binding efficiency of Sp1 is increased in the liver of rats re-fed low fat/high carbohydrate diet after fasting.	Carbohydrates	159-171	Sp3 transcription factor	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
11963378-8	2002	The addition of these extra-carbohydrate chains gives NESP greater metabolic stability and a half-life 3.6 times longer than rHuEPO.	Carbohydrates	28-40	GNAS complex locus	Homo sapiens	54-58
11923585-1	2002	BACKGROUND: Estimates of the performance of carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) as markers of alcohol consumption have varied widely.	Carbohydrates	44-56	transferrin	Homo sapiens	67-78
11864856-1	2002	BACKGROUND: High-fat and high-carbohydrate diets lead to insulin resistance, gastrointestinal adaptation, and high plasma triacylglycerol concentrations.	Carbohydrates	30-42	insulin	Homo sapiens	57-64
11906453-8	2002	In addition, bind-ing of gal-3 to mycobacterial phosphatidylinositol mannosides (PIMs) demonstrated a novel interaction between host carbohydrate-binding proteins and released mycobacterial glycolipids.	Carbohydrates	133-145	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	25-30
11888937-0	2002	Cyclooxygenase-2 activity altered the cell-surface carbohydrate antigens on colon cancer cells and enhanced liver metastasis.	Carbohydrates	51-63	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	0-16
11874925-2	2002	RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Replacing dietary protein for carbohydrate (CHO) during energy restriction and weight loss has been effective in sparing lean mass and improving insulin sensitivity in obese subjects but has not been tested in subjects with type 2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	59-71	insulin	Homo sapiens	174-181
11872652-1	2002	AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is proposed to stimulate fat and carbohydrate catabolism to maintain cellular energy status.	Carbohydrates	69-81	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	30-34
11971863-1	2002	Human galectin-9 is a beta-galactoside-binding protein consisting of two carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) and a linker peptide.	Carbohydrates	73-85	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	6-16
11971863-3	2002	A previous study demonstrated that the carbohydrate binding activity of galectin-9 is indispensable for eosinophil chemoattraction and that the N- and C-terminal CRDs exhibit comparable ECA activity, which is substantially lower than that of full-length galectin-9.	Carbohydrates	39-51	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	72-82
11854213-2	2002	The carbohydrate portion of 44/76(Mu-4) LPS consists of the complete inner core, Glc beta 1--&gt;4[GlcNAc alpha 1--&gt;2Hep alpha 1--&gt;3]Hep alpha 1--&gt;5KDO[4--&gt;2 alpha KDO].	Carbohydrates	4-16	adaptor-related protein complex AP-4, mu 1	Mus musculus	34-38
12017763-4	2002	Patients treated with insulin must be made to calculate carbohydrate exchange units.	Carbohydrates	56-68	insulin	Homo sapiens	22-29
11861067-8	2002	Furthermore, antigen binding by our selected scFv was limited by competition with increasing concentrations of certain soluble carbohydrates, most dramatically by galactose and N-acetyl glucosamine.	Carbohydrates	127-140	immunglobulin heavy chain variable region	Homo sapiens	45-49
11861067-9	2002	Our results show that the cognate epitope of this scFv is a carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	60-72	immunglobulin heavy chain variable region	Homo sapiens	50-54
11965520-3	2002	The "carnivore connection" postulates a critical role for the quantity of dietary protein and carbohydrate and the change in the glycaemic index of dietary carbohydrate in the evolution of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia.	Carbohydrates	156-168	insulin	Homo sapiens	189-196
11965520-4	2002	Insulin resistance offered survival and reproductive advantages during the Ice Ages which dominated human evolution, during which a high-protein low-carbohydrate diet was consumed.	Carbohydrates	149-161	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
11965520-6	2002	Although this resulted in a sharp increase in the quantity of carbohydrate consumed, these traditional carbohydrate foods had a low glycaemic index and produced only modest increases in plasma insulin.	Carbohydrates	103-115	insulin	Homo sapiens	193-200
11724780-1	2002	Carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) is a new transcription factor that binds to the carbohydrate-responsive element of the l-type pyruvate kinase gene (l-PK).	Carbohydrates	105-117	MLX interacting protein-like	Rattus norvegicus	0-47
11823532-2	2002	Ecalectin differs structurally from other known eosinophil chemoattractants (ECAs); ecalectin belongs to the galectin family defined by their affinity for beta-galactosides and by their conserved carbohydrate recognition domains.	Carbohydrates	196-208	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	0-9
11823532-2	2002	Ecalectin differs structurally from other known eosinophil chemoattractants (ECAs); ecalectin belongs to the galectin family defined by their affinity for beta-galactosides and by their conserved carbohydrate recognition domains.	Carbohydrates	196-208	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	84-93
11842126-3	2002	PDK4 inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase and thus minimizes carbohydrate oxidation by preventing the flow of glycolytic products into the tricarboxylic acid cycle.	Carbohydrates	56-68	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
11724780-1	2002	Carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) is a new transcription factor that binds to the carbohydrate-responsive element of the l-type pyruvate kinase gene (l-PK).	Carbohydrates	105-117	MLX interacting protein-like	Rattus norvegicus	49-55
11788366-7	2002	Moreover, the muscle complex of GLUT-4(-/-) mice showed enhanced susceptibility to fatigue, which may be related to the decline in the muscle carbohydrate store.	Carbohydrates	142-154	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4	Mus musculus	32-38
11806998-5	2002	P-selectin-dependent adhesion of immature DCs correlates with their higher level of expression of the carbohydrate epitope cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA) and is blocked by a novel inhibitory antibody against mouse P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1).	Carbohydrates	102-114	selectin, platelet	Mus musculus	0-10
11859268-0	2002	A prolonged time interval between blood sample collection and centrifugation causes an increase in serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin.	Carbohydrates	105-117	transferrin	Homo sapiens	128-139
11836161-7	2002	In all family members the glycosylation status of band 3 glycoprotein, polyglycosylceramides and glycophorin A was evaluated from their carbohydrate molar composition.	Carbohydrates	136-148	glycophorin A (MNS blood group)	Homo sapiens	97-110
11836161-18	2002	Determination of the carbohydrate molar composition of glycophorin A and of oligoglycosylceramides seems to be less promising.	Carbohydrates	21-33	glycophorin A (MNS blood group)	Homo sapiens	55-68
11801692-1	2002	The majority of xenoreactive natural Abs in humans recognize the carbohydrate Ag present on pig tissue, Galalpha1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-R (alphaGal), synthesized by the enzyme UDP galactose:beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminide alpha(1-3)galactosyltransferase or alphaGT.	Carbohydrates	65-77	N-acetyllactosaminide alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase	Sus scrofa	172-264
11836345-0	2002	Effects of recombinant human growth hormone on hepatic lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in HIV-infected patients with fat accumulation.	Carbohydrates	65-77	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	29-43
11859268-1	2002	BACKGROUND: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is used for the laboratory diagnosis of chronic alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
11928538-6	2002	In the presence of an insulin-resistance genotype and a westernization of the environment (carbohydrate-rich diet, an increase in saturated fat, low fibre and sedentary lifestyle), a genotype with a high cytokine response will contribute to a worsening of the resistance to insulin and, finally, to type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis.	Carbohydrates	91-103	insulin	Homo sapiens	274-281
12008645-4	2002	Altering the type of carbohydrate eaten (high- v. low-glycaemic sources) changes postprandial glucose and insulin responses in both pregnant and non-pregnant women, and a consistent change in the type of carbohydrate eaten during pregnancy influences both the rate of feto-placental growth and maternal weight gain.	Carbohydrates	21-33	insulin	Homo sapiens	106-113
11925034-1	2002	The aim of this work was to investigate the role of cytosolic phosphoglucomutase (PGM; EC 5.4.2.2) in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	120-132	phosphoglucomutase, cytoplasmic	Solanum tuberosum	52-80
11925034-1	2002	The aim of this work was to investigate the role of cytosolic phosphoglucomutase (PGM; EC 5.4.2.2) in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	120-132	phosphoglucomutase	Solanum tuberosum	82-85
11925034-2	2002	Many in vitro studies have indicated that PGM plays a central role in carbohydrate metabolism; however, until now the importance of this enzyme in plants has not been subject to reverse-genetics investigations.	Carbohydrates	70-82	phosphoglucomutase	Solanum tuberosum	42-45
12008645-8	2002	Thus, altering the source of maternal dietary carbohydrate may prove to be a valuable tool in the management of pregnancies at risk for anomalous feto-placental growth and for the prevention and/or treatment of obesity and insulin resistance in the non-pregnant state.	Carbohydrates	46-58	insulin	Homo sapiens	223-230
12498381-5	2002	The primary function of the additional IL-6 may be to regulate the supply of carbohydrate as muscle reserves of glycogen become depleted.	Carbohydrates	77-89	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	39-43
11772101-1	2002	[reaction: see text] Representative simple or polyhydroxylated, pyrrolidine (e.g, DRAM) or piperidine (e.g., DNJ) imines not only are potential carbohydrate-processing enzyme inhibitors that may be formed as regioisomeric variants but also are scaffolds that may be rapidly elaborated to diversely functionalized aza-sugars through highly diastereoselective organometallic additions.	Carbohydrates	144-156	DNA damage regulated autophagy modulator 1	Homo sapiens	82-86
11821651-0	2002	The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in alcohol-related sickness absence.	Carbohydrates	50-62	transferrin	Homo sapiens	73-84
12898939-1	2002	The aim of the study was to investigate relationships between insulin resistance index and basic parameters of carbohydrate metabolism and anthropometric values.	Carbohydrates	111-123	insulin	Homo sapiens	62-69
11751566-0	2002	Caveats in carbohydrate-deficient transferrin determination.	Carbohydrates	11-23	transferrin	Homo sapiens	34-45
11777972-4	2002	The organization of human and mouse Langerin genes are similar, consisting of six exons, three of which encode the carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	115-127	CD207 antigen	Mus musculus	36-44
11792177-12	2002	The P67.6 carbohydrate conjugate of calicheamicin therefore appears to have promise as an antibody-targeted chemotherapeutic agent for CD33-positive diseases such as AML.	Carbohydrates	10-22	CD33 molecule	Homo sapiens	135-139
11792178-2	2002	A conjugate of a calicheamicin hydrazide derivative attached via hydrazone formation to the oxidized carbohydrates of the anti-CD33 murine antibody P67.6 had been chosen for use in AML prior to humanization of this antibody.	Carbohydrates	101-114	CD33 molecule	Homo sapiens	127-131
11822911-10	2002	The variable glycosylation was consistent with reduced sialylation and antennarity of the carbohydrate structures present on the three N-linked sites of EPO.	Carbohydrates	90-102	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	153-156
12171515-12	2002	Studies of structure-activity relationships have demonstrated that osteotropic effects of amylin and adrenomedullin can be retained in peptide fragments of the molecule whilst losing the parent molecule"s effects on carbohydrate metabolism or vasodilatory properties respectively.	Carbohydrates	216-228	islet amyloid polypeptide	Mus musculus	90-96
12005104-5	2002	Expression of human alpha1,2-fucosyltransferase (H transferase, HT) in pigs modifies the cell-surface carbohydrate phenotype resulting in reduced Galalpha1,3-Gal expression and decreased antibody binding.	Carbohydrates	102-114	fucosyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	20-47
11786910-3	2002	The obese Il6-/- mice had disturbed carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, increased leptin levels and decreased responsiveness to leptin treatment.	Carbohydrates	36-48	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	10-21
12522954-0	2002	[The carbohydrate content of food products most widely used in the Russian population (bread, pasta, and baked goods].	Carbohydrates	5-17	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	94-99
11945115-6	2002	Since GH administration may also have an independent adverse effect on insulin sensitivity and could thus cause a theoretical worsening of cardiovascular risk, it is important to review the observed effects of GH administration on carbohydrate metabolism in practice.	Carbohydrates	231-243	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	6-8
11945115-6	2002	Since GH administration may also have an independent adverse effect on insulin sensitivity and could thus cause a theoretical worsening of cardiovascular risk, it is important to review the observed effects of GH administration on carbohydrate metabolism in practice.	Carbohydrates	231-243	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	210-212
11823035-1	2002	OBJECTIVE: Matrix metalloproteinases and an endo-beta-D-glucuronidase (heparanase) are enzymes that degrade the protein and carbohydrate constituents of basement membranes, thereby facilitating transendothelial migration of blood-borne cells.	Carbohydrates	124-136	heparanase	Homo sapiens	71-81
14758069-3	2002	Recent ITC studies have been performed with galectin-1, galectin-3 and galectin-7 and their interactions with sialylated and non-sialylated carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	140-153	galectin 7	Homo sapiens	71-81
11741867-7	2002	Functional analyses indicate that a large fraction of the anaerobically induced genes are involved in cell stress (approximately 1/3), cell wall maintenance (approximately 1/8), carbohydrate metabolism (approximately 1/10), and lipid metabolism (approximately 1/12), with both Rox1 and Upc2 predominating in the regulation of this latter group and Upc2 predominating in cell wall maintenance.	Carbohydrates	178-190	Rox1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	277-281
11787070-3	2002	In this context, the PrPc-lectins interactions are investigated because PrPc is a sialoglycoprotein which can react with lectins which are carbohydrate-binding proteins.	Carbohydrates	139-151	prion protein	Homo sapiens	21-25
11787070-3	2002	In this context, the PrPc-lectins interactions are investigated because PrPc is a sialoglycoprotein which can react with lectins which are carbohydrate-binding proteins.	Carbohydrates	139-151	prion protein	Homo sapiens	72-76
12162411-11	2002	CONCLUSIONS: Carbohydrate-rich meals are used as a late evening snack in cirrhotic patients, but our study indicates that supplementation with a BCAA mixture can also be used to reduce fat oxidation in the early morning, with results similar to those with carbohydrate-rich snacks.	Carbohydrates	13-25	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	145-149
12162411-11	2002	CONCLUSIONS: Carbohydrate-rich meals are used as a late evening snack in cirrhotic patients, but our study indicates that supplementation with a BCAA mixture can also be used to reduce fat oxidation in the early morning, with results similar to those with carbohydrate-rich snacks.	Carbohydrates	256-268	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	145-149
12479087-6	2002	Among serum markers, only the relative amount of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (s%CDT) has parameters sufficient for diagnostic use (ROC AUC 0.74, sensitivity 0.60, specificity 0.86).	Carbohydrates	49-61	transferrin	Homo sapiens	72-83
11742886-9	2001	The replacement of refined rice with whole grain and legume powder as a source of carbohydrate in a meal showed significant beneficial effects on glucose, insulin, and homocysteine concentrations and lipid peroxidation in CAD patients.	Carbohydrates	82-94	insulin	Homo sapiens	155-162
11786229-0	2001	NMR investigations of protein-carbohydrate interactions: insights into the topology of the bound conformation of a lactose isomer and beta-galactosyl xyloses to mistletoe lectin and galectin-1.	Carbohydrates	30-42	galectin 1	Bos taurus	182-192
11781505-0	2001	Carbohydrate deficient transferrin in abstaining patients with end-stage liver disease.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
11781505-1	2001	BACKGROUND: Carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT), a biochemical marker of chronic alcohol consumption, is used by researchers and clinicians alike in a variety of populations.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
11704542-3	2001	Using mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, we show that SP-D binds to immature dendritic cells in a dose-, carbohydrate-, and calcium-dependent manner, whereas SP-D binding to mature dendritic cells is reduced.	Carbohydrates	113-125	surfactant associated protein D	Mus musculus	62-66
11737213-6	2001	As HNK1-carbohydrates are also known to modulate cell-cell interactions, the simultaneous presence of both carbohydrate epitopes may reflect a new mechanism involved in the fine-tuning of N-CAM functions.	Carbohydrates	8-21	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	188-193
11737213-6	2001	As HNK1-carbohydrates are also known to modulate cell-cell interactions, the simultaneous presence of both carbohydrate epitopes may reflect a new mechanism involved in the fine-tuning of N-CAM functions.	Carbohydrates	8-20	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	188-193
11711600-5	2001	Introduction of typical N-glycosylation sites at the proposed sites of p16 failed in carbohydrate attachment.	Carbohydrates	85-97	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Homo sapiens	71-74
11738084-1	2001	Although human serum albumin is synthesized without carbohydrate, glycosylated variants of the protein can be found.	Carbohydrates	52-64	albumin	Homo sapiens	15-28
11849593-5	2001	Conversely, carbohydrate contents in source leaves strictly correlated with quantified MP17 protein levels.	Carbohydrates	12-24	lens intrinsic membrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	87-91
11849593-6	2001	Low expression of MP17 and MP17:GFP decreased soluble sugars and starch contents in leaves possibly due to changes in plasmodesmal permeability while increasing MP17 protein levels led to carbohydrate accumulation and a stunted growth.	Carbohydrates	188-200	lens intrinsic membrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	18-22
11849593-6	2001	Low expression of MP17 and MP17:GFP decreased soluble sugars and starch contents in leaves possibly due to changes in plasmodesmal permeability while increasing MP17 protein levels led to carbohydrate accumulation and a stunted growth.	Carbohydrates	188-200	lens intrinsic membrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	27-31
11849593-6	2001	Low expression of MP17 and MP17:GFP decreased soluble sugars and starch contents in leaves possibly due to changes in plasmodesmal permeability while increasing MP17 protein levels led to carbohydrate accumulation and a stunted growth.	Carbohydrates	188-200	lens intrinsic membrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	27-31
11892842-2	2001	In primates, preformed natural antibodies that bind the carbohydrate antigen Galalpha1-3Galbeta1-4GIcNAc-R (alphaGal), which is synthesized by UDP galactose:beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminide alpha(1-3)galactosyltransferase (E.C.	Carbohydrates	56-68	N-acetyllactosaminide alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase	Sus scrofa	143-235
11698644-8	2001	These results thus reveal mechanisms for regulation of ChREBP and the L-PK transcription by excess carbohydrate and cAMP.	Carbohydrates	99-111	MLX interacting protein-like	Rattus norvegicus	55-61
11546763-1	2001	The mitochondrial isoform of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), the first step in glycerolipid synthesis, is up-regulated by insulin and by high carbohydrate feeding via SREBP-1c, suggesting that it plays a role in triacylglycerol synthesis.	Carbohydrates	155-167	glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	67-71
11839462-1	2001	Although plasma carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is considered a viable biochemical marker for chronic alcohol consumption, it is valid only when an individual"s daily alcohol consumption exceeds 60 g. In addition, it is less sensitive in women drinkers than in men drinkers.	Carbohydrates	16-28	transferrin	Rattus norvegicus	39-50
11839463-1	2001	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin is considered to be the most sensitive and specific biological marker of alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
11839465-0	2001	Sensitivity and specificity of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in drinking experiments and different patients.	Carbohydrates	31-43	transferrin	Homo sapiens	54-65
11839465-3	2001	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is at present the best available objective measure of drinking behavior.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
11839465-4	2001	During a withdrawal trial, 92 alcohol-dependent patients who had been admitted to a hospital in an ethanol-intoxicated state were monitored over the following 28 days by using the percent carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (%CDT of total transferrin) (%CDT) method.	Carbohydrates	188-200	transferrin	Homo sapiens	211-222
11822751-1	2001	BACKGROUND: Certain types of carbohydrates increase glucose and insulin levels to a greater extent than others.	Carbohydrates	29-42	insulin	Homo sapiens	64-71
11728854-3	2001	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, monoamine oxidase B, soluble interleukin-2 receptor and cholesterol have been proposed as markers of suicidal risk in alcohol-dependent patients, although nonspecific and with low predictive value.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
11718900-2	2001	The predicted cDNA sequence contains a 2226 bp open reading frame encoding a coiled-coil, collagen-like, C-type lectin/carbohydrate recognition domain with an overall sequence identity of 92% to human SRCL.	Carbohydrates	119-131	collectin subfamily member 12	Homo sapiens	201-205
11704629-0	2001	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin is elevated in catabolic female patients.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
11704629-1	2001	Serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is currently widely used as a biochemical marker of alcohol misuse.	Carbohydrates	6-18	transferrin	Homo sapiens	29-40
11719836-10	2001	CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION: Isocaloric substitution of carbohydrates and monounsaturated fatty acids for saturated fatty acids improved insulin sensitivity in vivo and in vitro, with an increase in glucose disposal.	Carbohydrates	54-67	insulin	Homo sapiens	135-142
11679535-4	2001	METHODS: We investigated microheterogeneities of the carbohydrate chain on AFP in fetal liver tissues, amniotic fluids and maternal sera obtained from pregnancies with Down"s syndrome using lectin affinity electrophoresis with four lectins.	Carbohydrates	53-65	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	75-78
11676606-0	2001	Determination of carbohydrate structures N-linked to soluble CD154 and characterization of the interactions of CD40 with CD154 expressed in Pichia pastoris and Chinese hamster ovary cells.	Carbohydrates	17-29	CD40 ligand	Homo sapiens	61-66
11740232-2	2001	Because insulinlike growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has insulinlike effects in terms of carbohydrate metabolism and is growth promoting, the authors hypothesized that its use would increase linear growth rate and decrease insulin requirements in children with CF.	Carbohydrates	80-92	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	8-35
11740232-2	2001	Because insulinlike growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has insulinlike effects in terms of carbohydrate metabolism and is growth promoting, the authors hypothesized that its use would increase linear growth rate and decrease insulin requirements in children with CF.	Carbohydrates	80-92	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	37-42
11740232-2	2001	Because insulinlike growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has insulinlike effects in terms of carbohydrate metabolism and is growth promoting, the authors hypothesized that its use would increase linear growth rate and decrease insulin requirements in children with CF.	Carbohydrates	80-92	insulin	Homo sapiens	8-15
11675368-6	2001	Stimulation by peptide or carbohydrate resulted in loss of L-selectin on CD4+ T cells confirming a Th1 phenotype.	Carbohydrates	26-38	selectin, lymphocyte	Mus musculus	59-69
11675368-6	2001	Stimulation by peptide or carbohydrate resulted in loss of L-selectin on CD4+ T cells confirming a Th1 phenotype.	Carbohydrates	26-38	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	99-102
11598837-8	2001	These results indicate that SP-D interacts with gram-positive bacteria via binding to the cell wall components LTA and PepG and that the carbohydrate recognition domain is responsible for this binding.	Carbohydrates	137-149	spectinomycin adenyltransferase	Staphylococcus aureus	28-32
11676606-3	2001	However, these studies have not examined the structure or biological function of the carbohydrate on CD154.	Carbohydrates	85-97	CD40 ligand	Homo sapiens	101-106
11676606-5	2001	We have characterized the interactions between CD40 and soluble (s) CD154 in which sCD154 contains different types of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	118-131	CD40 ligand	Homo sapiens	68-73
11568085-1	2001	BACKGROUND: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is used as a serum marker for heavy drinking.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
11568087-1	2001	BACKGROUND: Current methods for determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) are based on separation of the CDT fraction by ion-exchange chromatography on minicolumns and quantification by immunoassay.	Carbohydrates	49-61	transferrin	Homo sapiens	72-83
11581173-8	2001	mRNAs of mouse DC-SIGN and three SIGNR genes encode type II transmembrane proteins (DC-SIGN, 238 amino acids; SIGNR1, 325 amino acids; SIGNR3, 237 amino acids; SIGNR4, 208 amino acids), but the SIGNR2 gene only encodes a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) without a cytosolic domain and a transmembrane domain (SIGNR2, 178 amino acids).	Carbohydrates	221-233	CD209a antigen	Mus musculus	15-22
11758606-0	2001	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and chronic alcohol ingestion in subjects with transferrin CD-variants.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
11758606-0	2001	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and chronic alcohol ingestion in subjects with transferrin CD-variants.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	82-93
11758606-1	2001	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is widely accepted as screening test for excessive alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
11758606-5	2001	Comparison of alcohol consumers with teetotalers demonstrated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.79 and 0.76 for carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, 0.71 and 0.71 for mean corpuscular volume and 0.51 and 0.68 for gamma-glutamyltransferase in 43 subjects with transferrin CD-variants and 225 subjects with CC-phenotypes, respectively.	Carbohydrates	138-150	transferrin	Homo sapiens	161-172
11758606-6	2001	Since false-positive carbohydrate-deficient transferrin results due to a transferrin CD-variant have major social implications, capillary electrophoresis-based or similar methods (HPLC, FPLC) should be preferred in populations carrying a high D-allele frequency.	Carbohydrates	21-33	transferrin	Homo sapiens	44-55
11758606-6	2001	Since false-positive carbohydrate-deficient transferrin results due to a transferrin CD-variant have major social implications, capillary electrophoresis-based or similar methods (HPLC, FPLC) should be preferred in populations carrying a high D-allele frequency.	Carbohydrates	21-33	transferrin	Homo sapiens	73-84
11588155-3	2001	Using exoglycosidase carbohydrate sequencing and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry to analyze fluorescently labeled oligosaccharides, we report evidence for several carbohydrates not previously identified on apoB100, including truncated complex biantennary N-glycans and hybrid N-glycans.	Carbohydrates	193-206	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	236-243
11581173-8	2001	mRNAs of mouse DC-SIGN and three SIGNR genes encode type II transmembrane proteins (DC-SIGN, 238 amino acids; SIGNR1, 325 amino acids; SIGNR3, 237 amino acids; SIGNR4, 208 amino acids), but the SIGNR2 gene only encodes a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) without a cytosolic domain and a transmembrane domain (SIGNR2, 178 amino acids).	Carbohydrates	221-233	CD209e antigen	Mus musculus	160-166
11584106-0	2001	The role of carbohydrates in insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	12-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	29-36
11699474-10	2001	CONCLUSION: IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta appear to have critical and non-redundant roles in the generation and regulation of potent IgG2 responses, which appear to be important in human responses to carbohydrate-bearing bacteria.	Carbohydrates	195-207	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	27-36
11579206-12	2001	These results suggest PACAP is a critical hormonal regulator of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	74-86	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	22-27
29537532-10	2001	CONCLUSION: IL-1alpha and IL-1beta appear to have critical and nonredundant roles in the generation and regulation of potent IgG2 responses, which appear to be important in human responses to carbohydrate-bearing bacteria.	Carbohydrates	192-204	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	26-34
11579206-0	2001	Targeted disruption of the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide gene results in early postnatal death associated with dysfunction of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	157-169	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	27-77
11735102-4	2001	We have shown that such platelet-promoted enhancement of LPS-induced TF activity in monocytes in whole blood depends on neutrophil involvement in a P-selectin/CD15 (a leukocyte membrane-bound carbohydrate)-dependent reaction.	Carbohydrates	192-204	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	159-163
11459848-7	2001	Carbohydrate analysis revealed 10 different complex-type N-glycans on both proteins and eight different O-glycans on recombinant BSP, four of those were found on bone-derived BSP.	Carbohydrates	0-12	integrin binding sialoprotein	Homo sapiens	175-178
11535116-0	2001	Carbohydrate specificity of a galectin from chicken liver (CG-16).	Carbohydrates	0-12	galectin 1B	Gallus gallus	59-64
11554722-5	2001	An example of analysis of a clinically relevant mixture of two proteins-transferrin and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin-is provided.	Carbohydrates	88-100	transferrin	Homo sapiens	111-122
11584106-3	2001	We briefly summarize some new information on the mechanisms that mediate insulin"s many biological actions and examine the effects of dietary carbohydrates on insulin sensitivity.	Carbohydrates	142-155	insulin	Homo sapiens	159-166
11524306-0	2001	Study of Axis-Shield new %CDT immunoassay for quantification of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in serum.	Carbohydrates	64-76	transferrin	Homo sapiens	87-98
11404356-8	2001	Together, these results support the observation that TNF plays a role in growth control of trypanosomes and, moreover, suggest that, by the use of conserved VSG carbohydrates as lectin-binding epitopes, trypanosomes can limit the necessity to express large numbers of invariant surface exposed receptors.	Carbohydrates	161-174	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	53-56
11584153-0	2001	Utility of a new assay for carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (Biorad %CDT TIA) to monitor abstinence during a treatment outcome study.	Carbohydrates	27-39	transferrin	Homo sapiens	50-61
11584153-2	2001	The current study evaluates the utility of the newest method of measuring carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) in monitoring the abstinence during a treatment outcome study.	Carbohydrates	74-86	transferrin	Homo sapiens	97-108
11438549-1	2001	We reported previously that the carbohydrate domain of the amyloid precursor protein is involved in amyloid precursor protein (APP)-APP interactions.	Carbohydrates	32-44	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	59-84
11438549-1	2001	We reported previously that the carbohydrate domain of the amyloid precursor protein is involved in amyloid precursor protein (APP)-APP interactions.	Carbohydrates	32-44	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	100-125
11591170-3	2001	Whereas treatment adjuncts to insulin may address carbohydrate metabolism from glucose absorption to insulin receptor function, success may depend on the type of diabetes present in the patient.	Carbohydrates	50-62	insulin	Homo sapiens	30-37
11524306-1	2001	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in serum has emerged as a useful biochemical marker for identifying current alcohol misuse and monitoring abstinence.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
11518688-6	2001	With the carbohydrate-free meal after sucrose and acarbose ingestion, AUC of gastric emptying was negatively correlated with integrated plasma response of GIP, implying that prior alteration of carbohydrate absorption modifies gastric emptying of a meal.	Carbohydrates	9-21	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	155-158
11518688-6	2001	With the carbohydrate-free meal after sucrose and acarbose ingestion, AUC of gastric emptying was negatively correlated with integrated plasma response of GIP, implying that prior alteration of carbohydrate absorption modifies gastric emptying of a meal.	Carbohydrates	194-206	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	155-158
11536172-2	2001	The cytoplasmic tail of DLEC lacks consensus signaling motifs and its extracellular region shows a single carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), closest in homology to the dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR) CRD.	Carbohydrates	106-118	C-type lectin domain family 4 member C	Homo sapiens	24-28
11693183-8	2001	The proteins that we identified as being regulated by PPARalpha are known to be involved in lipid metabolism pathways, but also in amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism, mitochondrial bioenergetics and in stress responses including several genes not previously reported to be regulated by PPARalpha.	Carbohydrates	146-158	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	54-63
11693183-8	2001	The proteins that we identified as being regulated by PPARalpha are known to be involved in lipid metabolism pathways, but also in amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism, mitochondrial bioenergetics and in stress responses including several genes not previously reported to be regulated by PPARalpha.	Carbohydrates	146-158	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	290-299
11601687-0	2001	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) determination by nephelometry using a commercial kit.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
11601687-2	2001	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) has been proposed as the most efficient marker of alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
11536167-8	2001	These data indicate that certain carbohydrate moieties are required for processing the tyrosinase peptides recognized by CD4(+) T cells.	Carbohydrates	33-45	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	121-124
12536583-5	2001	RESULTS: The carbohydrate density of galactosyl-anti-CD3-McAb in this experiment was 58.12, which effectively guaranteed the specific binding between galactosyl-anti-CD3-McAb and hepatic binding protein(HBP).	Carbohydrates	13-25	signal transducing adaptor molecule (SH3 domain and ITAM motif) 2	Mus musculus	203-206
11549186-12	2001	For example, both carbohydrates stimulated synthesis of nitroreductase and azoreductase, throughout the fermentation system, while inulin increased AS.	Carbohydrates	18-31	NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	75-87
11604107-4	2001	We now describe a MAb (rat hybridoma MIN/3/60) raised to 3"-sulpho-Le(x), a carbohydrate sequence which, in vitro, is bound not only by the E-, L-, and P-selectins, but also by the cysteine-rich domain of the macrophage endocytosis receptor.	Carbohydrates	76-88	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	37-45
11390392-0	2001	Carbohydrate recognition site of interleukin-2 in relation to cell proliferation.	Carbohydrates	0-12	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	33-46
11390392-6	2001	To determine the carbohydrate-binding site of IL-2, we prepared wild-type and point-mutated (35)S-IL-2 by an in vitro transcription and translation method.	Carbohydrates	17-29	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	46-50
11390392-7	2001	We found that wild-type (35)S-IL-2 tends to form a dimer spontaneously, and the dimeric form has both carbohydrate recognition activity and cell proliferation activity.	Carbohydrates	102-114	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	30-34
11390392-8	2001	Moreover, substitution of Asn-26 in IL-2 with Gln or Asp conserved the dimeric form and affected the carbohydrate recognition activities in correspondence with the cell proliferation activities, suggesting that Asn-26 in IL-2 is involved in the carbohydrate recognition site.	Carbohydrates	101-113	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	36-40
11390392-8	2001	Moreover, substitution of Asn-26 in IL-2 with Gln or Asp conserved the dimeric form and affected the carbohydrate recognition activities in correspondence with the cell proliferation activities, suggesting that Asn-26 in IL-2 is involved in the carbohydrate recognition site.	Carbohydrates	101-113	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	221-225
11390392-8	2001	Moreover, substitution of Asn-26 in IL-2 with Gln or Asp conserved the dimeric form and affected the carbohydrate recognition activities in correspondence with the cell proliferation activities, suggesting that Asn-26 in IL-2 is involved in the carbohydrate recognition site.	Carbohydrates	245-257	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	36-40
11390392-8	2001	Moreover, substitution of Asn-26 in IL-2 with Gln or Asp conserved the dimeric form and affected the carbohydrate recognition activities in correspondence with the cell proliferation activities, suggesting that Asn-26 in IL-2 is involved in the carbohydrate recognition site.	Carbohydrates	245-257	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	221-225
11390392-9	2001	These results suggest that the carbohydrate recognition of IL-2 dimer triggers formation of high affinity complex (IL-2.IL-2Ralpha, -beta, -gamma)(2), and the hetero-octamer stimulates IL-2-dependent T-cell proliferation by intensifying cellular signaling.	Carbohydrates	31-43	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	59-63
11390392-9	2001	These results suggest that the carbohydrate recognition of IL-2 dimer triggers formation of high affinity complex (IL-2.IL-2Ralpha, -beta, -gamma)(2), and the hetero-octamer stimulates IL-2-dependent T-cell proliferation by intensifying cellular signaling.	Carbohydrates	31-43	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	115-119
11390392-9	2001	These results suggest that the carbohydrate recognition of IL-2 dimer triggers formation of high affinity complex (IL-2.IL-2Ralpha, -beta, -gamma)(2), and the hetero-octamer stimulates IL-2-dependent T-cell proliferation by intensifying cellular signaling.	Carbohydrates	31-43	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	115-119
11384997-0	2001	A novel mechanism of carbohydrate recognition by the C-type lectins DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR.	Carbohydrates	21-33	C-type lectin domain family 4 member M	Homo sapiens	80-88
11498026-2	2001	When the diet is rich in carbohydrates, secreted insulin stimulates the expression of genes for enzymes involved in glucose utilization (glucokinase, L-type pyruvate kinase and lipogenic enzymes) and inhibits genes for enzymes involved in glucose production (phosphenolpyruvate carboxykinase).	Carbohydrates	25-38	insulin	Homo sapiens	49-56
11445062-9	2001	This is because the more carbohydrates present in the insulin-resistant patient"s diet, the greater the insulinogenic stimulus to the pancreas, and hence day-long plasma insulin levels are higher.	Carbohydrates	25-38	insulin	Homo sapiens	54-61
11445062-9	2001	This is because the more carbohydrates present in the insulin-resistant patient"s diet, the greater the insulinogenic stimulus to the pancreas, and hence day-long plasma insulin levels are higher.	Carbohydrates	25-38	insulin	Homo sapiens	104-111
11692782-0	2001	Is carbohydrates-deficient transferrin the best test of the alcoholic etiology in acute pancreatitis?	Carbohydrates	3-16	transferrin	Homo sapiens	27-38
11692782-1	2001	AIM: To demonstrate if carbohydrates deficient transferrin (CDT) is the best marker to detect an excessive alcohol consumption as a cause of acute pancreatitis.	Carbohydrates	23-36	transferrin	Homo sapiens	47-58
11470916-4	2001	The DNA-binding activity of this ChRE-binding protein (ChREBP) in rat livers is specifically induced by a high carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	111-123	MLX interacting protein-like	Rattus norvegicus	33-53
11672579-0	2001	Differences between neonates and adults in tissue-type-plasminogen activator (t-PA)-catalyzed plasminogen activation with various effectors and in carbohydrate sequences of fibrinogen chains.	Carbohydrates	147-159	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	173-183
11470916-4	2001	The DNA-binding activity of this ChRE-binding protein (ChREBP) in rat livers is specifically induced by a high carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	111-123	MLX interacting protein-like	Rattus norvegicus	55-61
11470916-8	2001	ChREBP is likely critical for the optimal long-term storage of excess carbohydrates as fats, and may contribute to the imbalance between nutrient utilization and storage characteristic of obesity.	Carbohydrates	70-83	MLX interacting protein-like	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
11505030-11	2001	Alcohol intake-adjusted carbohydrate-deficient transferrin was increased in women in the lowest quartile of ferritin results, whereas adjusted gamma-glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase values were increased in subjects with high ferritin.	Carbohydrates	24-36	transferrin	Homo sapiens	47-58
11468138-0	2001	The combined use of the early detection of alcohol consumption (EDAC) test and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin to identify heavy drinking behaviour in males.	Carbohydrates	79-91	transferrin	Homo sapiens	102-113
11468138-1	2001	The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of the combined use of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) and the Early Detection of Alcohol Consumption (EDAC) test to assess heavy drinking in a population of males (n = 187) drinking an average of 20 drinks per day.	Carbohydrates	75-87	transferrin	Homo sapiens	98-109
11445678-12	2001	Endogenous insulin concentrations increased during the high-carbohydrate feeding period.	Carbohydrates	60-72	insulin	Homo sapiens	11-18
11508264-3	2001	In this article, we review in detail the current evidence regarding the associations between different types of fats and carbohydrates and insulin resistance and Type II diabetes.	Carbohydrates	121-134	insulin	Homo sapiens	139-146
11458017-5	2001	Oral carbohydrate loading before surgery has confirmed previous data, using glucose and insulin infusions, that postoperative insulin resistance is reduced compared with overnight fasted patients before surgery, and this is associated with improved well-being before and after surgery.	Carbohydrates	5-17	insulin	Homo sapiens	88-95
11454001-6	2001	An electrostatic interaction between this cationic amino acid and the core-sulfate group of the N-glycan is proposed to reduce mobility of the carbohydrate in the region of the t-PA active site.	Carbohydrates	143-155	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	177-181
11431415-4	2001	Possible residues involved in the alpha-GalCer--mCD1d interaction were found to be Arg79, Glu83 and Asp80 for carbohydrate recognition, and Asp153 for interaction with the amide group on the fatty acyl chain.	Carbohydrates	110-122	CD1d1 antigen	Mus musculus	48-53
11727508-3	2001	NESP has a higher molecular weight due to an increased content of carbohydrates, which, however, has no meaningful influence on the binding to and activation of the erythropoietin receptor.	Carbohydrates	66-79	GNAS complex locus	Homo sapiens	0-4
11433007-8	2001	Total carbohydrate oxidation increased by 18 % and this effect was due to greater skeletal muscle glycogenolysis (P &lt; 0.05) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activation (P &lt; 0.05, treatment effect).	Carbohydrates	6-18	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	131-153
11507117-7	2001	The high levels of hepatic PK, Glut2 and 6PF-2K/F-2,6BPase gene expression observed in this study suggest a high potential for tissue carbohydrate utilisation in rainbow trout.	Carbohydrates	134-146	pyruvate kinase PKM	Oncorhynchus mykiss	27-29
11433007-8	2001	Total carbohydrate oxidation increased by 18 % and this effect was due to greater skeletal muscle glycogenolysis (P &lt; 0.05) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activation (P &lt; 0.05, treatment effect).	Carbohydrates	6-18	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	155-158
11433007-13	2001	The data demonstrate that elevated plasma adrenaline levels during moderate exercise in untrained men increase skeletal muscle glycogen breakdown and PDH activation, which results in greater carbohydrate oxidation.	Carbohydrates	191-203	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	150-153
11333905-6	2001	However, loss of the glycosylation site alone was sufficient to render Env neutralization sensitive, providing additional evidence that carbohydrate structures shield important neutralization determinants.	Carbohydrates	136-148	endogenous retrovirus group W member 1, envelope	Homo sapiens	71-74
11368783-6	2001	Our results also show a maturation process affecting the carbohydrate moiety in the NR1 subunit, such that immature NR1 has a much shorter half-life than the mature form or the NR2A subunit.	Carbohydrates	57-69	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1	Homo sapiens	84-87
11368783-6	2001	Our results also show a maturation process affecting the carbohydrate moiety in the NR1 subunit, such that immature NR1 has a much shorter half-life than the mature form or the NR2A subunit.	Carbohydrates	57-69	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1	Homo sapiens	116-119
11368783-6	2001	Our results also show a maturation process affecting the carbohydrate moiety in the NR1 subunit, such that immature NR1 has a much shorter half-life than the mature form or the NR2A subunit.	Carbohydrates	57-69	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A	Homo sapiens	177-181
11385073-9	2001	Carbohydrate enhances, protein blocks and corn oil has a transient effect on the suppression of food intake caused by GLP-1 in the PVN.	Carbohydrates	0-12	LOC542565	Zea mays	118-123
11389214-0	2001	Carbohydrate ingestion attenuates the increase in plasma interleukin-6, but not skeletal muscle interleukin-6 mRNA, during exercise in humans.	Carbohydrates	0-12	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	57-70
11389214-2	2001	The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of exercise and carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion on interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene expression in skeletal muscle and plasma IL-6 concentration.	Carbohydrates	72-84	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	104-117
11389214-2	2001	The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of exercise and carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion on interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene expression in skeletal muscle and plasma IL-6 concentration.	Carbohydrates	72-84	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	119-123
11410720-2	2001	Here, we investigated whether the self-reported differences in drinking would be corroborated by measurements of serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) level, a sensitive, reliable, and well-validated marker of transient alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	119-131	transferrin	Homo sapiens	142-153
11384694-1	2001	OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that relative carbohydrate tolerance, an indicator of insulin resistance, predicts subsequent risk for hypertension of pregnancy among previously normoglycemic, normotensive women.	Carbohydrates	48-60	insulin	Homo sapiens	88-95
11278593-5	2001	When hCGn6ST was expressed together with human keratan sulfate Gal-6-sulfotransferase (hKSG6ST), HeLa cells produced highly sulfated carbohydrate detected by an anti-keratan sulfate antibody 5D4.	Carbohydrates	133-145	carbohydrate sulfotransferase 1	Homo sapiens	47-85
11402203-1	2001	The role of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (Fru-2,6-P(2)) as a regulatory metabolite in photosynthetic carbohydrate metabolism was studied in transgenic Arabidopsis plants with reduced activity of Fru-6-phosphate,2-kinase/Fru-2,6-bisphosphatase.	Carbohydrates	98-110	FER-like regulator of iron uptake	Arabidopsis thaliana	39-42
11406409-1	2001	The three-dimensional structures of LG/LNS domains from neurexin, the laminin alpha 2 chain and sex hormone-binding globulin reveal a close structural relationship to the carbohydrate-binding pentraxins and other lectins.	Carbohydrates	171-183	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	96-124
11491289-12	2001	The relative position and orientation of the carbohydrate-binding sites in the DB58 dimer may affect its ability to crosslink mulitivalent ligands, compared to the other legume lectin dimers.	Carbohydrates	45-57	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: lectin	Glycine max	177-183
11278593-5	2001	When hCGn6ST was expressed together with human keratan sulfate Gal-6-sulfotransferase (hKSG6ST), HeLa cells produced highly sulfated carbohydrate detected by an anti-keratan sulfate antibody 5D4.	Carbohydrates	133-145	carbohydrate sulfotransferase 1	Homo sapiens	87-94
11373260-0	2001	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in vitreous humour: a marker of possible withdrawal-related death in alcoholics.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
11373260-1	2001	The possibility of performing reliable post-mortem analysis of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) concentration in vitreous humour (VH) by using a commercial assay designed for serum analysis (CDTect(TM)) as well as the usefulness of VH-CDT as a marker of alcohol misuse and possible withdrawal-related death were evaluated in a forensic sample.	Carbohydrates	63-75	transferrin	Homo sapiens	86-97
11399310-1	2001	The adult suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) express neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) that carries polysialic acid (PSA), a carbohydrate polymer which controls plastic cell-cell interactions in neural tissues.	Carbohydrates	122-134	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	47-76
11759218-23	2001	Apart from correction of hematological parameters, erythropoietin therapy significantly improves left ventricular hypertrophy, quality of life, nutrition, sexual activity, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cognitive function and sleeping function.	Carbohydrates	172-184	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	51-65
11409216-0	2001	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin: what have we learned in the last decade?	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
11333356-4	2001	A low carbohydrate, high protein and unsaturated fat diet was recommended for gouty patients since they all enhance insulin sensitivity and therefore may promote a reduction in serum uric acid levels.	Carbohydrates	6-18	insulin	Homo sapiens	116-123
11399310-1	2001	The adult suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) express neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) that carries polysialic acid (PSA), a carbohydrate polymer which controls plastic cell-cell interactions in neural tissues.	Carbohydrates	122-134	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	78-82
11395869-7	2001	A new approach to the treatment of type 2 diabetes are thiasolinediones, insulin-sensitizing substances, the molecular basis of their action being via activation of PPAR gamma-nuclear receptors with subsequent change in expression of genes participating in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	257-269	insulin	Homo sapiens	73-80
11395869-7	2001	A new approach to the treatment of type 2 diabetes are thiasolinediones, insulin-sensitizing substances, the molecular basis of their action being via activation of PPAR gamma-nuclear receptors with subsequent change in expression of genes participating in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	257-269	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	165-175
11284727-5	2001	Only the highly sialylated Pg 2gamma, Pg 2delta and Pg 2epsilon glycoforms bind to DPP IV via their carbohydrate chains and induce a Ca(2+) signalling cascade; however, Pg 2epsilon alone is also able to significantly stimulate expression of MMP-9.	Carbohydrates	100-112	delta like non-canonical Notch ligand 1	Homo sapiens	27-31
11273849-3	2001	OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the interaction between APOE polymorphism and dietary fat and carbohydrate, particularly sucrose, in relation to serum lipid concentrations.	Carbohydrates	86-98	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	48-52
11308268-1	2001	Studies on human erythropoietin (EPO) demonstrated that there is a direct relationship between the sialic acid-containing carbohydrate content of the molecule and its serum half-life and in vivo biological activity, but an inverse relationship with its receptor-binding affinity.	Carbohydrates	122-134	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	17-31
11254464-0	2001	Preoperative oral carbohydrate treatment attenuates immediate postoperative insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	18-30	insulin	Homo sapiens	76-83
11254464-2	2001	Preoperative intravenous or oral carbohydrate treatment has been shown to attenuate the development of postoperative insulin resistance measured 1 day after surgery.	Carbohydrates	33-45	insulin	Homo sapiens	117-124
11254464-3	2001	To study the effects of preoperative oral carbohydrate treatment on postoperative changes in insulin resistance and substrate utilization, in the absence of postoperative confounding factors, 15 patients were double-blindly treated with either a carbohydrate-rich beverage (12.5%) (n = 8) or placebo (n = 7) before undergoing total hip replacement surgery.	Carbohydrates	42-54	insulin	Homo sapiens	93-100
11308268-1	2001	Studies on human erythropoietin (EPO) demonstrated that there is a direct relationship between the sialic acid-containing carbohydrate content of the molecule and its serum half-life and in vivo biological activity, but an inverse relationship with its receptor-binding affinity.	Carbohydrates	122-134	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	33-36
11308268-5	2001	Due to its increased sialic acid-containing carbohydrate content, NESP is biochemically distinct from rHuEPO, having an increased molecular weight and greater negative charge.	Carbohydrates	44-56	GNAS complex locus	Homo sapiens	66-70
11274018-0	2001	Improved diagnostic classification of alcohol abusers by combining carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and gamma-glutamyltransferase.	Carbohydrates	67-79	transferrin	Homo sapiens	90-101
11336709-3	2001	The 2.8 A complex structure demonstrates that FcRn uses its alpha2 and beta2-microglobulin domains and carbohydrate to interact with the Fc C(gamma)2-C(gamma)3 interface.	Carbohydrates	103-115	Fc gamma receptor and transporter	Rattus norvegicus	46-50
11298734-3	2001	METHODS: Insulin was infused (1.5 mU/kg/min) for 240 min both after a carbohydrate depleting exercise and after carbohydrate loading.	Carbohydrates	70-82	insulin	Homo sapiens	9-16
11298734-3	2001	METHODS: Insulin was infused (1.5 mU/kg/min) for 240 min both after a carbohydrate depleting exercise and after carbohydrate loading.	Carbohydrates	112-124	insulin	Homo sapiens	9-16
11452216-2	2001	Carbohydrate metabolism is profoundly altered with an increase in basal cellular glucose uptake and utilization and in endogenous glucose production; insulin sensitivity is decreased.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	150-157
11778741-0	2001	Differential expression of two carbohydrate epitopes, CD15 and HNK-1, in developing vertebrate olfactory receptor neurones.	Carbohydrates	31-43	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	54-58
11300043-3	2001	Lack of physical activity, obesity, and a diet rich in rapidly digestible carbohydrates and poor in fibre favour the development of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia.	Carbohydrates	74-87	insulin	Homo sapiens	132-139
15635890-1	2001	Liver diseases are frequently associated with disorders of the carbohydrate metabolism--impaired glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	63-75	insulin	Homo sapiens	121-128
11413989-3	2001	On the other hand, the Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) described in the eighties is highly specific and would be of value in early detection of problem drinking.	Carbohydrates	23-35	transferrin	Homo sapiens	46-57
11124961-2	2001	Exposure of insulin-sensitive tissues to free fatty acids can impair glucose disposal through inhibition of carbohydrate oxidation and glucose transport.	Carbohydrates	108-120	insulin	Homo sapiens	12-19
11118433-8	2001	These data provide evidence that highly sialylated gangliosides regulate alpha(5)beta(1)-mediated adhesion of epithelial cells to fibronectin through carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions between GT1b and the alpha(5) subunit of alpha(5)beta(1) integrin.	Carbohydrates	150-162	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	130-141
11118433-8	2001	These data provide evidence that highly sialylated gangliosides regulate alpha(5)beta(1)-mediated adhesion of epithelial cells to fibronectin through carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions between GT1b and the alpha(5) subunit of alpha(5)beta(1) integrin.	Carbohydrates	163-175	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	130-141
11237931-7	2001	In contrast, insulin-stimulated, nonoxidative glucose disposal tended to increase in relation to an increase in the ratio of fat to carbohydrate, from 14.8 +/- 5.1 to 20.6 +/- 1.9 to 26.2 +/- 2.9 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1) (P &lt; 0.074 between the 3 diets).	Carbohydrates	132-144	insulin	Homo sapiens	13-20
11237931-10	2001	CONCLUSION: A high-fat, low-carbohydrate intake reduces the ability of insulin to suppress endogenous glucose production and alters the relation between oxidative and nonoxidative glucose disposal in a way that favors storage of glucose.	Carbohydrates	28-40	insulin	Homo sapiens	71-78
11238305-1	2001	BACKGROUND: Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are autosomal recessive disorders that produce increased serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) isoforms.	Carbohydrates	119-131	transferrin	Homo sapiens	142-153
11160290-3	2001	Ly-49W is highly related to the known inhibitory receptor Ly-49G in its carbohydrate recognition domain, exhibiting 97.6% amino acid identity in this region.	Carbohydrates	72-84	killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily A, member 23	Mus musculus	0-6
11050099-0	2001	Recombinant human interleukins IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-7 show different and specific calcium-independent carbohydrate-binding properties.	Carbohydrates	121-133	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	42-50
11050099-0	2001	Recombinant human interleukins IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-7 show different and specific calcium-independent carbohydrate-binding properties.	Carbohydrates	121-133	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	52-56
11050099-0	2001	Recombinant human interleukins IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-7 show different and specific calcium-independent carbohydrate-binding properties.	Carbohydrates	121-133	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	58-62
11050099-0	2001	Recombinant human interleukins IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-7 show different and specific calcium-independent carbohydrate-binding properties.	Carbohydrates	121-133	interleukin 7	Homo sapiens	68-72
11226297-4	2001	Binding of virus to DC-SIGNR was dependent on carbohydrate recognition.	Carbohydrates	46-58	C-type lectin domain family 4 member M	Homo sapiens	20-28
11342247-4	2001	Recent successes in the isolation of glycosyltransferase genes and their modification enzyme genes has enabled clearer demonstrations of the roles of complex carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	158-171	protein O-linked mannose beta 1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Mus musculus	37-56
11342247-6	2001	Here, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of the roles of complex carbohydrates provided from studies of gene knock-out mice of glycosyltransferase and modification enzyme genes focusing on novel functions which had not been expected.	Carbohydrates	80-93	protein O-linked mannose beta 1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Mus musculus	142-161
11159773-0	2001	Determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin using capillary zone electrophoresis.	Carbohydrates	17-29	transferrin	Homo sapiens	40-51
11221889-10	2001	These results suggest that O-glycosylation of the clustered Thr residues is a selective process controlled by N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-3 in the synthesis of clustered carbohydrate antigens.	Carbohydrates	176-188	chondroitin sulfate synthase 3	Homo sapiens	110-145
11236848-2	2001	The aim of this workshop was to discuss the basic methodologies, diagnostic performance, and clinical utility of three technologies: carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, the "Early Detection of Alcohol Consumption" score, and whole blood associated acetaldehyde.	Carbohydrates	133-145	transferrin	Homo sapiens	156-167
11159773-1	2001	BACKGROUND: Current methods for carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) often suffer from low precision, complexity, or risk of false positives attributable to genetic variants.	Carbohydrates	32-44	transferrin	Homo sapiens	55-66
11173523-7	2001	On enzymatic cleavage of the glycosyl chain, the carbohydrate is revealed to be essential for the regulation of EA4-time measurement through the interaction with PIN.	Carbohydrates	49-61	time interval measuring enzyme-esterase A4	Bombyx mori	112-115
11207640-0	2001	Carbohydrate metabolism during long-term growth hormone treatment in children with short stature born small for gestational age.	Carbohydrates	0-12	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	41-55
11207640-1	2001	OBJECTIVE: To assess possible side-effects of long-term continuous growth hormone (GH) treatment on carbohydrate (CH) metabolism in children with short stature born small for gestational age.	Carbohydrates	100-112	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	67-81
11207640-1	2001	OBJECTIVE: To assess possible side-effects of long-term continuous growth hormone (GH) treatment on carbohydrate (CH) metabolism in children with short stature born small for gestational age.	Carbohydrates	100-112	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	83-85
11160003-0	2001	Glycocalyx on rabbit intestinal M cells displays carbohydrate epitopes from Muc2.	Carbohydrates	49-61	mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	76-80
11160003-7	2001	Two other Muc2 carbohydrate epitopes were also expressed on M cells, although Muc2 mRNA was not detected.	Carbohydrates	15-27	mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	10-14
11160003-10	2001	We propose that the presence, on the surface of M cells, of carbohydrates also expressed on Muc2, together with the absence of an enterocyte-associated mucin, could favor pathogen attachment and accessibility to the M-cell luminal membrane.	Carbohydrates	60-73	mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	92-96
11297671-2	2001	The mammalian EPO contains about 40% carbohydrate, which makes this protein more stable and less prone to aggregate than non-glycosylated E.coli-derived EPO, but makes it unsuitable for high-resolution analysis owing to its size and flexibility.	Carbohydrates	37-49	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	14-17
11289269-7	2001	Equine kappa-casein was recognized by a lectin specific for one of the glucosidic bonds in the saccharide moiety of bovine kappa-casein.	Carbohydrates	95-105	casein kappa	Bos taurus	123-135
11950139-11	2001	Differences in the carbohydrate content of native and recombinant human erythropoietin are identifiable by isoelectric focusing, providing a direct means for detecting erythropoietin abuse using urine specimens; a panel of surrogate blood markers of enhanced erythropoiesis such as soluble transferrin receptors, serum erythropoietin, reticulocyte hematocrit and percent macrocytes provide an indirect means for this purpose.	Carbohydrates	19-31	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	72-86
11338533-0	2001	[Diagnostic criteria of carbohydrate metabolism disorders in pulmonary tuberculosis complicated by diabetes mellitus in patients with various haptoglobin phenotypes].	Carbohydrates	24-36	haptoglobin	Homo sapiens	142-153
11950139-11	2001	Differences in the carbohydrate content of native and recombinant human erythropoietin are identifiable by isoelectric focusing, providing a direct means for detecting erythropoietin abuse using urine specimens; a panel of surrogate blood markers of enhanced erythropoiesis such as soluble transferrin receptors, serum erythropoietin, reticulocyte hematocrit and percent macrocytes provide an indirect means for this purpose.	Carbohydrates	19-31	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	168-182
11950139-11	2001	Differences in the carbohydrate content of native and recombinant human erythropoietin are identifiable by isoelectric focusing, providing a direct means for detecting erythropoietin abuse using urine specimens; a panel of surrogate blood markers of enhanced erythropoiesis such as soluble transferrin receptors, serum erythropoietin, reticulocyte hematocrit and percent macrocytes provide an indirect means for this purpose.	Carbohydrates	19-31	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	168-182
11198712-0	2001	Possible reasons why heavy drinking increases carbohydrate-deficient transferrin.	Carbohydrates	46-58	transferrin	Homo sapiens	69-80
11201239-1	2001	The 32-kDa galectin (LEC-1) of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C elegans) is composed of two tandemly repeated homologous sequences, each containing a carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD).	Carbohydrates	156-168	Galectin	Caenorhabditis elegans	11-19
11198712-3	2001	After periods of chronic, heavy alcohol consumption, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) isoforms often increase, which makes CDT a useful marker in screening for alcohol abuse and monitoring progress of alcoholics in treatment.	Carbohydrates	53-65	transferrin	Homo sapiens	76-87
11198714-3	2001	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is a valuable tool for the identification of alcohol abuse, but for unselected patient populations, reduced test accuracy has been reported.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
11133656-6	2001	The forms of sp56 in pachytene spermatocytes and spermatids had higher molecular weights than was found for the sperm form; the size differences were apparently due to alterations in carbohydrate side chains.	Carbohydrates	183-195	zona pellucida 3 receptor	Mus musculus	13-17
11268818-0	2001	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin: an aid to early recognition of alcohol relapse.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
11268818-2	2001	This report reviews research findings on a new marker, carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT), in alcoholics receiving treatment or in follow-up.	Carbohydrates	55-67	transferrin	Homo sapiens	78-89
11114588-3	2001	Intact ZPB and ZPC cannot be separated from each other unless acidic N-acetyllactosamine regions of their carbohydrate chains are removed by endo-beta-galactosidase digestion.	Carbohydrates	106-118	zona pellucida glycoprotein 4	Sus scrofa	7-10
11897882-4	2001	Data from several studies of endurance athletes suggest that carbohydrate compared to placebo ingestion is associated with an attenuated cortisol, growth hormone, and epinephrine response to heavy exertion, fewer perturbations in blood immune cell counts, lower granulocyte and monocyte phagocytosis and oxidative burst activity, and a diminished pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine response.	Carbohydrates	61-73	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	147-161
11114588-7	2001	These results suggest that the carbohydrate chains linked to Asn220 of ZPB participate predominantly in sperm-egg binding.	Carbohydrates	31-43	zona pellucida glycoprotein 4	Sus scrofa	71-74
11270585-6	2001	Insulin resistance and sodium and water retention are prompted by high-fat (as well as high carbohydrate) diets, and by an increase in body fat mass.	Carbohydrates	92-104	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
11148172-0	2001	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin as a marker of chronic alcohol abuse: a critical review of preanalysis, analysis, and interpretation.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
11148172-1	2001	BACKGROUND: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is used for diagnosis of chronic alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
11427453-0	2001	Interference of transferrin isoform types with carbohydrate-deficient transferrin quantification in the identification of alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	47-59	transferrin	Homo sapiens	16-27
11427453-0	2001	Interference of transferrin isoform types with carbohydrate-deficient transferrin quantification in the identification of alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	47-59	transferrin	Homo sapiens	70-81
11427453-1	2001	BACKGROUND: Isoforms of transferrin interfere with measurement of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) as a marker of heavy alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	66-78	transferrin	Homo sapiens	24-35
11427453-1	2001	BACKGROUND: Isoforms of transferrin interfere with measurement of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) as a marker of heavy alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	66-78	transferrin	Homo sapiens	89-100
11785674-0	2001	T cell mediated antibody invariance in an immune response against a bacterial carbohydrate antigen requires CD28/B7-1 costimulation.	Carbohydrates	78-90	CD80 antigen	Mus musculus	113-117
11219236-3	2001	Their pathogenesis is related to absolute or relative deficiency in insulin levels and elevations in insulin counterregulatory hormones that lead to altered metabolism of carbohydrate, protein, and fat and varying degrees of osmotic diuresis and dehydration, ketosis, and acidosis.	Carbohydrates	171-183	insulin	Homo sapiens	68-75
11589167-7	2001	However, evidence for a glycosylation disorder was substantiated by an increased carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT).	Carbohydrates	81-93	transferrin	Homo sapiens	104-115
11408756-2	2001	In addition to its key role in the stimulation of cellular proliferation and growth, IGF-I has important effects on carbohydrate, protein and bone metabolism.	Carbohydrates	116-128	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	85-90
11429627-5	2001	The rate of carbohydrate oxidation was higher (micromol kg-1 min-1: CHO, 243 +/- 39 and CHO + CAF, 239 +/- 30 vs.	Carbohydrates	12-24	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	61-66
11302201-0	2001	Carbohydrate structures of haptoglobin in sera of healthy people and a patient with congenital disorder of glycosylation.	Carbohydrates	0-12	haptoglobin	Homo sapiens	27-38
11280717-4	2001	Following oral carbohydrate postprandial plasma insulin levels were significantly higher in obese subjects than in lean (p &lt; 0.01).	Carbohydrates	15-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	48-55
11280717-6	2001	GIP secretion was similar in lean and obese subjects both during oral fat and carbohydrate ingestion.	Carbohydrates	78-90	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	0-3
11244457-10	2001	In normoglycaemic men, higher carbohydrate intakes were associated with higher 2 h insulin and glucose levels (0.25 pmol/l, P&lt;0.05 and 0.01 mmol/l, P=0.001, respectively).	Carbohydrates	30-42	insulin	Homo sapiens	83-90
11388737-3	2001	Detailed structural analyses and cloning studies have confirmed that CD34 is a sialomucin, and have suggested that the fine composition of the carbohydrate moieties contained in its extended N-terminal region is important in determining its interactions with a variety of different ligands.	Carbohydrates	143-155	CD34 molecule	Homo sapiens	69-73
11833461-0	2001	[Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism by insulin: role of transcription factor SREBP-1c in the hepatic transcriptional effects of the hormone].	Carbohydrates	15-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	42-49
11833461-7	2001	In the liver, when the diet is rich in carbohydrates, insulin is secreted and stimulates the expression of genes involved in glucose utilization (glucokinase, L-pyruvate kinase, lipogenic enzymes) and inhibits genes involved in glucose production (phosphenolpyruvate carboxykinase).	Carbohydrates	39-52	insulin	Homo sapiens	54-61
11450262-0	2001	Novel confocal-FRAP analysis of carbohydrate-protein interactions within the extracellular matrix.	Carbohydrates	32-44	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	15-19
11842875-3	2001	NPY concentrations were 23% lower (p &lt;.02) in carbohydrate-preferring (CP) than in fat-preferring (FP) rats in the parvocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), which is one of the main areas involved in the regulation of feeding behavior.	Carbohydrates	49-61	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
11413046-7	2001	Additional ligands have been proposed, including collagenase-3 and glycoproteins capable of interacting with one of the multiple carbohydrate recognition-type domains of uPARAP.	Carbohydrates	129-141	matrix metallopeptidase 13	Homo sapiens	49-62
11460564-1	2001	The major effects of insulin on tissues are: (1) Carbohydrate metabolism: (a) It increases the rate of transport of glucose across the cell membrane in adipose tissue and muscle, (b) it increases the rate of glycolysis in muscle and adipose tissue, (c) it stimulates the rate of glycogen synthesis in a number of tissues, including adipose tissue, muscle, and liver.	Carbohydrates	49-61	insulin	Homo sapiens	21-28
14647613-4	2001	Insulin is essential in the metabolism of carbohydrates, protein and fat.	Carbohydrates	42-55	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
11161481-4	2001	A possible mechanism for increased excitatory synaptic transmission in mutants could involve modulation of inhibition, since TN-R and its associated carbohydrate HNK-1 decorate perisomatic interneurons.	Carbohydrates	149-161	tenascin R	Mus musculus	125-129
11402085-1	2001	Studies on human erythropoietin (EPO) demonstrated that there is a direct relationship between the sialic acid-containing carbohydrate content of the molecule and its serum half-life and in vivo biological activity, but an inverse relationship with its receptor binding affinity.	Carbohydrates	122-134	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	17-31
11402085-1	2001	Studies on human erythropoietin (EPO) demonstrated that there is a direct relationship between the sialic acid-containing carbohydrate content of the molecule and its serum half-life and in vivo biological activity, but an inverse relationship with its receptor binding affinity.	Carbohydrates	122-134	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	33-36
11402085-5	2001	Due to its increased sialic acid-containing carbohydrate content, NESP is biochemically distinct from rHuEPO, having an increased molecular weight and greater negative charge.	Carbohydrates	44-56	GNAS complex locus	Homo sapiens	66-70
11237211-1	2001	Insulin is the most-potent physiological anabolic agent known, promoting the synthesis and storage of carbohydrates and lipids and inhibiting their degradation and release into the circulation.	Carbohydrates	102-115	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
11118820-4	2000	Hyperinsulinemia is secondary to impaired insulin stimulated glucose metabolism at the level of skeletal muscle (insulin resistance) and is seen in about one third of glucose tolerant humans following dietary carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	209-221	insulin	Homo sapiens	5-12
11095743-12	2000	Finally, bioinformatic analyses indicate that the yeast HDACs RPD3, SIR2, and HDA1 play distinct roles in regulating genes involved in cell cycle progression, amino acid biosynthesis, and carbohydrate transport and utilization, respectively.	Carbohydrates	188-200	histone deacetylase RPD3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	62-66
11242478-7	2000	These results suggest that the cis-elements of CE-LPH1 and SIF1 might be involved in the carbohydrate-induced increases of the transcription of LPH and SI, presumably through a change in the expression and/or binding activity of Cdx-2.	Carbohydrates	89-101	caudal type homeo box 2	Rattus norvegicus	229-234
11106319-0	2000	Should we use carbohydrate-deficient transferrin instead of gamma-glutamyltransferase for detecting problem drinkers?	Carbohydrates	14-26	transferrin	Homo sapiens	37-48
11106319-2	2000	BACKGROUND: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) has been used as a test for excessive alcohol consumption in research, clinical, and medico-legal settings, but there remain conflicting data on its accuracy, with sensitivities ranging from &lt;20% to 100%.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
11177197-1	2000	Colonic fermentation of organic matter to short-chain fatty acids has been implicated in the improvement in insulin sensitivity achieved by feeding diets rich in complex carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	170-183	insulin	Homo sapiens	108-115
11118057-2	2000	We demonstrated before that CD24, a Mr 35,000-60,000 mucine-type glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked cell surface molecule, can function as ligand for P-selectin and that the sialylLex carbohydrate is essential for CD24-mediated rolling of tumor cells on P-selectin.	Carbohydrates	185-197	CD24 molecule	Homo sapiens	28-32
11163076-1	2000	The possible role of carbohydrate in the interaction of HLA-C with a human inhibitory natural Killer cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor with two Ig domains, KIR2DL1, was investigated.	Carbohydrates	21-33	killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor, three Ig domains and long cytoplasmic tail 2	Homo sapiens	94-134
20086616-3	2000	Decreasing the insulin dosage may be necessary for heavier exercise programs if carbohydrate supplementation alone is insufficient.	Carbohydrates	80-92	insulin	Homo sapiens	15-22
11121544-7	2000	The technique is exemplified with a method for measuring carbohydrate-deficient isoforms of the glycoprotein transferrin, where the measured isoforms constitute a minimal part (&lt;3%) of the total amount of transferrin.	Carbohydrates	57-69	transferrin	Homo sapiens	109-120
11121544-7	2000	The technique is exemplified with a method for measuring carbohydrate-deficient isoforms of the glycoprotein transferrin, where the measured isoforms constitute a minimal part (&lt;3%) of the total amount of transferrin.	Carbohydrates	57-69	transferrin	Homo sapiens	208-219
11128850-0	2000	Carbohydrate and fluid intake affect the saliva flow rate and IgA response to cycling.	Carbohydrates	0-12	CD79a molecule	Homo sapiens	62-65
11069996-3	2000	Our data suggest that this carbohydrate moiety on gp120 blocks access to the binding site for CD4 and modulates the chemokine receptor binding site of phenotypically diverse clade A and clade B isolates.	Carbohydrates	27-39	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	94-97
11185553-7	2000	Blotting analysis with lectins specific for carbohydrate moieties and treatment with glycosidases demonstrated that rHRG is a highly N-glycosylated protein with diverse carbohydrate structures.	Carbohydrates	44-56	histidine-rich glycoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	116-120
11185553-7	2000	Blotting analysis with lectins specific for carbohydrate moieties and treatment with glycosidases demonstrated that rHRG is a highly N-glycosylated protein with diverse carbohydrate structures.	Carbohydrates	169-181	histidine-rich glycoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	116-120
10944519-7	2000	These results indicate that nonanticoagulant sulfated saccharides targeted at P-selectin and L-selectin may have therapeutic potential in inflammatory disorders.	Carbohydrates	54-65	selectin P	Rattus norvegicus	78-88
11130183-0	2000	Diet influences the colonisation of Campylobacter jejuni and distribution of mucin carbohydrates in the chick intestinal tract.	Carbohydrates	83-96	mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Gallus gallus	77-82
11117314-5	2000	This was coupled to human serum albumin (HSA), using the squarate ester methodology, in various saccharide-protein ratios, to give neoglycoconjugates with different saccharide loadings in about 50%) efficiency.	Carbohydrates	96-106	albumin	Homo sapiens	26-39
11117314-5	2000	This was coupled to human serum albumin (HSA), using the squarate ester methodology, in various saccharide-protein ratios, to give neoglycoconjugates with different saccharide loadings in about 50%) efficiency.	Carbohydrates	165-175	albumin	Homo sapiens	26-39
11089535-5	2000	Carbohydrate residues of the G2320R Tg mutant were of the high-mannose ER type, as shown by sensitivity to the treatment with endoglycosidase H. Molecular chaperones, GRP94, GRP78, and calreticulin, were all accumulated in the rdw rat thyroid glands.	Carbohydrates	0-12	thyroglobulin	Rattus norvegicus	36-38
11166010-0	2000	Is there an analytical or diagnostic advantage from including trisialo transferrin into the fraction of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin?	Carbohydrates	104-116	transferrin	Homo sapiens	127-138
11166010-1	2000	Lessons from a comparison of two commercial turbidimetric immunoassays with the carbohydrate-deficient transferrin determination by high-performance liquid chromatography.	Carbohydrates	80-92	transferrin	Homo sapiens	103-114
11166010-2	2000	OBJECTIVES: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin CDT has originally been defined as the sum of isotransferrins exhibiting isoelectric point values &gt; or = 5.7 asialo, monosialo, and disialo transferrin but may also include at least in part trisialo transferrin when measured by modern commercial immunoassays.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
11166010-2	2000	OBJECTIVES: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin CDT has originally been defined as the sum of isotransferrins exhibiting isoelectric point values &gt; or = 5.7 asialo, monosialo, and disialo transferrin but may also include at least in part trisialo transferrin when measured by modern commercial immunoassays.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	96-107
11166010-2	2000	OBJECTIVES: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin CDT has originally been defined as the sum of isotransferrins exhibiting isoelectric point values &gt; or = 5.7 asialo, monosialo, and disialo transferrin but may also include at least in part trisialo transferrin when measured by modern commercial immunoassays.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	96-107
11089535-5	2000	Carbohydrate residues of the G2320R Tg mutant were of the high-mannose ER type, as shown by sensitivity to the treatment with endoglycosidase H. Molecular chaperones, GRP94, GRP78, and calreticulin, were all accumulated in the rdw rat thyroid glands.	Carbohydrates	0-12	heat shock protein 90 beta family member 1	Rattus norvegicus	167-172
11086030-10	2000	Taken together with the recent finding that MIF is a positive, autocrine stimulator of insulin release, these data suggest an important role for MIF in the control of host glucose disposal and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	193-205	macrophage migration inhibitory factor (glycosylation-inhibiting factor)	Mus musculus	44-47
11086030-10	2000	Taken together with the recent finding that MIF is a positive, autocrine stimulator of insulin release, these data suggest an important role for MIF in the control of host glucose disposal and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	193-205	macrophage migration inhibitory factor (glycosylation-inhibiting factor)	Mus musculus	145-148
11079462-1	2000	We have elucidated the carbohydrate structures of the N-linked sugar chains of human and rabbit apolipoprotein B-100 (apo B-100), which is similar in composition to oligosaccharides (Arch Biochem Biophys 1989;273:197-205, Arteriosclerosis 1990; 10:386-93).	Carbohydrates	23-35	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	96-116
11114069-1	2000	Self carbohydrate-mediated dimerization of glycoprotein angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) was demonstrated.	Carbohydrates	5-17	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	56-85
11079462-1	2000	We have elucidated the carbohydrate structures of the N-linked sugar chains of human and rabbit apolipoprotein B-100 (apo B-100), which is similar in composition to oligosaccharides (Arch Biochem Biophys 1989;273:197-205, Arteriosclerosis 1990; 10:386-93).	Carbohydrates	23-35	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	118-127
10924510-7	2000	BACE was also found to be quite stable, being turned over with a t(12) of approximately 16 h. Retention of BACE in the endoplasmic reticulum by introduction of a C-terminal dilysine motif prevented complex carbohydrate processing and demonstrated that propeptide cleavage occurs after exit from this organelle.	Carbohydrates	206-218	beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
11114069-1	2000	Self carbohydrate-mediated dimerization of glycoprotein angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) was demonstrated.	Carbohydrates	5-17	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	87-90
11114069-4	2000	ACE-ACE interaction was competitively inhibited by Neu5Ac- or Gal-terminated saccharides.	Carbohydrates	77-88	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	0-3
11114069-4	2000	ACE-ACE interaction was competitively inhibited by Neu5Ac- or Gal-terminated saccharides.	Carbohydrates	77-88	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	4-7
11114069-5	2000	The results have allowed us to propose the existence of carbohydrate-recognizing domain (CRD) on ACE molecule.	Carbohydrates	56-68	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	97-100
11049750-7	2000	Carbohydrate analysis of the purified protein indicated that a fraction of the recombinant prolactin made in insect cells appeared to be glycosylated.	Carbohydrates	0-12	prolactin	Homo sapiens	91-100
11307946-0	2000	Oligosaccharides as immunodeterminants of erythropoietin for two sets of anti-carbohydrate antibodies.	Carbohydrates	78-90	erythropoietin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	42-56
11145284-7	2000	CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that the carbohydrate present in C-drink, although it has the propensity to form a gel, empties from the stomach faster than that of an isoenergetic carbohydrate solution (G-drink) without potentiating increased circulating blood glucose or insulin levels.	Carbohydrates	52-64	insulin	Homo sapiens	284-291
11234285-0	2000	[Features of disruption of certain components of carbohydrate metabolism in a combination of pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus in people with haptoglobin phenotypes].	Carbohydrates	49-61	haptoglobin	Homo sapiens	153-164
10924510-7	2000	BACE was also found to be quite stable, being turned over with a t(12) of approximately 16 h. Retention of BACE in the endoplasmic reticulum by introduction of a C-terminal dilysine motif prevented complex carbohydrate processing and demonstrated that propeptide cleavage occurs after exit from this organelle.	Carbohydrates	206-218	beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens	107-111
11192766-2	2000	Last decade witnessed the increasing use of serum levels of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) as a highly specific and sensitive marker of chronic alcoholism.	Carbohydrates	60-72	transferrin	Homo sapiens	83-94
11105553-9	2000	CONCLUSIONS: Growth hormone replacement leads to a decrease in visceral fat, modulates the thyroid hormone levels by increasing peripheral conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine and probably is a physiological regulator of peripheral thyroxine metabolism, slightly deteriorates the carbohydrate metabolism, and results in an increase of bone mineral density of lumbar spine and femoral neck.	Carbohydrates	287-299	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	13-27
11045858-0	2000	Effect of hormone balance on carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and gamma-glutamyltransferase in female social drinkers.	Carbohydrates	29-41	transferrin	Homo sapiens	52-63
11010935-1	2000	BACKGROUND: Conversion of glucose into lipid (de novo lipogenesis; DNL) is a possible fate of carbohydrate administered during nutritional support.	Carbohydrates	94-106	deoxyribonuclease 2, lysosomal	Homo sapiens	67-70
11010935-6	2000	RESULTS: DNL increased with increasing carbohydrate intake (f1.gif" BORDER="0"&gt; +/- SEM: 7.5 +/- 1.2% with 28% carbohydrate, 9.2 +/- 1.5% with 53% carbohydrate, and 19.4 +/- 3.8% with 75% carbohydrate) and was nearly zero in a group of patients who had fasted for an average of 28 h (1.0 +/- 0.2%).	Carbohydrates	39-51	deoxyribonuclease 2, lysosomal	Homo sapiens	9-12
10913141-2	2000	By binding directly to carbohydrates on the surfaces of potential microbial pathogens, MBP and MBP-associated serine proteases (MASPs) can replace antibodies and complement components C1q, C1r, and C1s of the classical complement pathway.	Carbohydrates	23-36	complement C1r	Rattus norvegicus	189-192
11252669-0	2000	The glycosylation status and the role of carbohydrate moieties in the heterogeneity of cucumber anionic virus-inducible peroxidase.	Carbohydrates	41-53	peroxidase 2-like	Cucumis sativus	120-130
11010935-6	2000	RESULTS: DNL increased with increasing carbohydrate intake (f1.gif" BORDER="0"&gt; +/- SEM: 7.5 +/- 1.2% with 28% carbohydrate, 9.2 +/- 1.5% with 53% carbohydrate, and 19.4 +/- 3.8% with 75% carbohydrate) and was nearly zero in a group of patients who had fasted for an average of 28 h (1.0 +/- 0.2%).	Carbohydrates	114-126	deoxyribonuclease 2, lysosomal	Homo sapiens	9-12
11045858-1	2000	BACKGROUND: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) are the most commonly used markers for alcohol abuse, but their sensitivity and specificity are lower and have different reference values among females compared with males.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
11010935-6	2000	RESULTS: DNL increased with increasing carbohydrate intake (f1.gif" BORDER="0"&gt; +/- SEM: 7.5 +/- 1.2% with 28% carbohydrate, 9.2 +/- 1.5% with 53% carbohydrate, and 19.4 +/- 3.8% with 75% carbohydrate) and was nearly zero in a group of patients who had fasted for an average of 28 h (1.0 +/- 0.2%).	Carbohydrates	114-126	deoxyribonuclease 2, lysosomal	Homo sapiens	9-12
11010935-7	2000	In multiple regression analysis, DNL was correlated with carbohydrate intake, but not with body weight or plasma insulin concentrations.	Carbohydrates	57-69	deoxyribonuclease 2, lysosomal	Homo sapiens	33-36
11252669-1	2000	Three forms of anionic peroxidase (PRX) from hypersensitively reacting cucumber cotyledons were purified to homogeneity and different methods were used to analyze the nature of their carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	183-195	peroxidase 2-like	Cucumis sativus	23-33
11252669-1	2000	Three forms of anionic peroxidase (PRX) from hypersensitively reacting cucumber cotyledons were purified to homogeneity and different methods were used to analyze the nature of their carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	183-195	peroxidase 2-like	Cucumis sativus	35-38
11010935-11	2000	CONCLUSION: Carbohydrate feeding fails to suppress endogenous glucose production and gluconeogenesis, but stimulates DNL in critically ill patients.	Carbohydrates	12-24	deoxyribonuclease 2, lysosomal	Homo sapiens	117-120
11965833-3	2000	Thiazolidinediones, pharmacological ligands for PPAR gamma, can modulate the expression of genes influencing carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	109-121	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	48-58
10998266-0	2000	Application of liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry to the analysis of the site-specific carbohydrate heterogeneity in erythropoietin.	Carbohydrates	148-160	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	178-192
10998274-0	2000	Circumventing complement C3 interference in the analysis of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in fresh serum.	Carbohydrates	60-72	transferrin	Homo sapiens	83-94
10998274-1	2000	A method for preventing interference by the glycoprotein complement C3 and its beta-globulin split products in the capillary electrophoretic analysis of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin was developed.	Carbohydrates	153-165	transferrin	Homo sapiens	176-187
10998274-6	2000	Altering the electrophoretic behavior of complement C3, by treating fresh serum with inulin, permits rapid capillary electrophoresis evaluation of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin glycoforms.	Carbohydrates	147-159	transferrin	Homo sapiens	170-181
11057859-1	2000	Org 36764, is an antithrombin III (AT) and thrombin binding carbohydrate, which accelerates the inactivation of both factor Xa and thrombin by AT.	Carbohydrates	60-72	coagulation factor II	Rattus norvegicus	21-29
11015482-0	2000	Ingestion of protein hydrolysate and amino acid-carbohydrate mixtures increases postexercise plasma insulin responses in men.	Carbohydrates	48-60	insulin	Homo sapiens	100-107
11057859-1	2000	Org 36764, is an antithrombin III (AT) and thrombin binding carbohydrate, which accelerates the inactivation of both factor Xa and thrombin by AT.	Carbohydrates	60-72	coagulation factor II	Rattus norvegicus	43-51
10999790-0	2000	Carbohydrate-induced hypertriglyceridemia: an insight into the link between plasma insulin and triglyceride concentrations.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	83-90
11003208-0	2000	Objective diagnosis of alcohol abuse: compared values of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV).	Carbohydrates	57-69	transferrin	Homo sapiens	80-91
11003208-6	2000	CONCLUSIONS: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin proves to be the best marker of alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	13-25	transferrin	Homo sapiens	36-47
10960355-1	2000	Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) release has been demonstrated predominantly after ingestion of carbohydrate and fat.	Carbohydrates	114-126	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	0-44
10960355-1	2000	Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) release has been demonstrated predominantly after ingestion of carbohydrate and fat.	Carbohydrates	114-126	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
10998116-10	2000	These results provide first evidence that tenascin-R and its associated HNK-1 carbohydrate modulate perisomatic inhibition and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus.	Carbohydrates	78-90	tenascin R	Mus musculus	42-52
10938393-10	2000	Our results thus reveal the presence of mRNA for a galectin-9-isoform or a potent eosinophil chemoattractant (ecalectin) or a truncated version thereof with preserved N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain in established human colon cancer cell lines.	Carbohydrates	178-190	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	51-61
11062726-2	2000	Because sialyl Lewisx (sLex), the carbohydrate moiety of CEA, has been identified in melanoma, we compared CEA and sLex levels in colon carcinoma cells and melanoma cells.	Carbohydrates	34-46	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	57-60
10988248-3	2000	Carbohydrate concentrations of vitronectin decreased to 2/3 of sham-operated rats at 24 h after partial hepatectomy.	Carbohydrates	0-12	vitronectin	Rattus norvegicus	31-42
10988248-4	2000	Carbohydrate composition and lectin reactivity indicated that N-glycosylation and sialylation of vitronectin changed markedly after partial hepatectomy, while amino acid composition did not change significantly.	Carbohydrates	0-12	vitronectin	Rattus norvegicus	97-108
10988251-1	2000	The role of the carbohydrates for the structure and functions of the plasma and tissue protein alpha1-microglobulin (alpha1m) was investigated by deletion of the sites for N-glycosylation by site-directed mutagenesis (N17,96--&gt;Q).	Carbohydrates	16-29	pregnancy-zone protein	Rattus norvegicus	117-124
10988251-12	2000	It is concluded that the carbohydrates of alpha1m are important for the secretion and the in vivo turnover of the protein, but not for the structure or immunological properties.	Carbohydrates	25-38	pregnancy-zone protein	Rattus norvegicus	42-49
10988252-0	2000	Characterization of the carbohydrate chains of the secreted form of the human epidermal growth factor receptor.	Carbohydrates	24-36	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	78-110
10932264-15	2000	The presence of potential carbohydrate binding and cleaving domains suggest a role for laforin in the prevention of accumulation of polyglucosans in healthy neurons.	Carbohydrates	26-38	epilepsy, progressive myoclonic epilepsy, type 2 gene alpha	Mus musculus	87-94
11247342-6	2000	It was shown possibility to induce alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase synthesis by a number of carbohydrates (galactose, glucose, galactosamine, and glucosamine), complex-forming substances (guanidine HCl), nitroaminoguanidin and guanidine carbonate and bovine blood.	Carbohydrates	92-105	alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase	Bos taurus	35-66
10963781-0	2000	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and sialidase levels in coronary heart disease.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
10963781-4	2000	We have undertaken this study to investigate the levels of serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (Desialotransferrin) and sialidase levels in patients with coronary heart disease.	Carbohydrates	65-77	transferrin	Homo sapiens	88-99
10926910-0	2000	Does trisialo-transferrin provide valuable information for the laboratory diagnosis of chronically increased alcohol consumption by determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin?	Carbohydrates	149-161	transferrin	Homo sapiens	172-183
10972164-13	2000	The influence of TNFalpha on carbohydrate and lipoprotein metabolism in hypertensive patients deserves further investigations.	Carbohydrates	29-41	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	17-25
10932084-12	2000	Furthermore, in two cases, including one of the profilin-positive patients, IgE directed against cross-reacting carbohydrate determinants was detected.	Carbohydrates	112-124	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	76-79
10928340-2	2000	The addition of two extra carbohydrate chains, however, gives NESP greater metabolic stability in vivo, and its terminal half-life after IV administration is three-fold longer than for IV rHuEPO.	Carbohydrates	26-38	GNAS complex locus	Homo sapiens	62-66
10913832-2	2000	Five variants of mouse serum transferrin (mTf, designated mTf-I to mTf-V) with respect to carbohydrate composition have been isolated by DEAE-cellulose chromatography in the following relative percentages: mTf-I: 0.55; mTf-II: 0.79; mTf-III: 71.80; mTf-VI: 21.	Carbohydrates	90-102	transferrin	Homo sapiens	29-40
10913702-3	2000	This activity could be observed with as few as 1000 soybean seed lectin molecules per bacterium, and required specific carbohydrate binding.	Carbohydrates	119-131	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: lectin	Glycine max	65-71
10873155-3	2000	The interaction between SP-A and immobilized CMV proteins was found to be calcium-dependent and inhibited by mannan, suggesting involvement of the carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-A and high-mannose carbohydrate residues of viral envelope glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	147-159	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	24-28
10928401-9	2000	Disaccharidase inhibitors effectively compensate for the defective early-phase insulin release by slowing the production of sugars from carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	136-149	insulin	Homo sapiens	79-86
11467358-3	2000	Endogenous erythropoietin and recombinant human erythropoietin (rHu-EPO) are similar with respect to their biological and chemical properties except for some microheterogeneities in their 4 carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	190-202	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	11-25
11467358-3	2000	Endogenous erythropoietin and recombinant human erythropoietin (rHu-EPO) are similar with respect to their biological and chemical properties except for some microheterogeneities in their 4 carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	190-202	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	48-62
10891274-0	2000	Crystal structure of the carbohydrate recognition domain of the H1 subunit of the asialoglycoprotein receptor.	Carbohydrates	25-37	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	82-109
10891274-5	2000	The ASGPR is a potential liver-specific receptor for hepatitis B virus and Marburg virus and has been used to target exogenous molecules specifically to hepatocytes for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.Here, we present the X-ray crystal structure of the carbohydrate recognition domain of the major subunit H1 at 2.3 A resolution.	Carbohydrates	257-269	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	4-9
10873155-3	2000	The interaction between SP-A and immobilized CMV proteins was found to be calcium-dependent and inhibited by mannan, suggesting involvement of the carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-A and high-mannose carbohydrate residues of viral envelope glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	147-159	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	182-186
10939448-0	2000	Direct capillary electrophoretic detection of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in neat serum.	Carbohydrates	46-58	transferrin	Homo sapiens	69-80
10939448-1	2000	Transferrin, an iron transport protein found in serum and cerebrospinal fluid, is known to be microheterogeneous with respect to its carbohydrate and sialic acid content.	Carbohydrates	133-145	transferrin	Homo sapiens	0-11
10939448-2	2000	The forms of transferrin deficient in sialic acid and/or carbohydrate, termed carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), have been of clinical interest for almost two decades as a result of the initial finding that elevated CDT concentrations are associated with chronic, excessive alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	57-69	transferrin	Homo sapiens	101-112
10939448-2	2000	The forms of transferrin deficient in sialic acid and/or carbohydrate, termed carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), have been of clinical interest for almost two decades as a result of the initial finding that elevated CDT concentrations are associated with chronic, excessive alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	78-90	transferrin	Homo sapiens	13-24
10939448-2	2000	The forms of transferrin deficient in sialic acid and/or carbohydrate, termed carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), have been of clinical interest for almost two decades as a result of the initial finding that elevated CDT concentrations are associated with chronic, excessive alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	78-90	transferrin	Homo sapiens	101-112
11421350-7	2000	Basigin and embigin, two related members of the immunoglobulin superfamily, a sialomucin MGC-24 and other glycoproteins were discovered as carriers of developmentally regulated carbohydrate markers.	Carbohydrates	177-189	embigin	Homo sapiens	12-19
10914488-7	2000	There was significant attenuation of adhesion after incubation of HLMC with pronase, beta-galactosidase, and endo-alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase, indicating that HLMC adhere to bronchial epithelial cells via galactose-bearing carbohydrates expressed on a cell-surface peptide(s).	Carbohydrates	227-240	alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase	Homo sapiens	114-145
10892586-1	2000	Transferrin sialoforms with fewer than three sialic acid residues (carbohydrate deficient transferrin; CDT) have been implicated as a marker of certain liver pathologies.	Carbohydrates	67-79	transferrin	Homo sapiens	0-11
10854848-4	2000	Good surface and electrostatic complementarity and carbohydrate-unhindered access of MFE23 with the indentation between the first two CEA domains was observed.	Carbohydrates	51-63	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	134-137
10914955-3	2000	Children receiving GH consumed significantly more energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate than did the children who were not receiving GH, independent of the extent of the child"s feeding problems.	Carbohydrates	75-87	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	19-21
11050690-0	2000	Carbohydrate metabolism in temporal and persistent hypoglycemic chickens induced by insulin infusion.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Gallus gallus	84-91
10822227-0	2000	The effect of human growth hormone on the carbohydrate units in arterial basement membrane-like material.	Carbohydrates	42-54	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	20-34
10822227-4	2000	DESIGN: The effects of growth hormone on the carbohydrate composition in the basement membrane around the arterial smooth muscle cells were investigated.	Carbohydrates	45-57	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	23-37
10822227-10	2000	CONCLUSION: The current in vitro data indicates that growth hormone may change the carbohydrate composition of the arterial basement membrane.	Carbohydrates	83-95	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	53-67
10848879-0	2000	Carbohydrate metabolism during growth hormone treatment and after discontinuation of growth hormone treatment in girls with Turner syndrome treated with once or twice daily growth hormone injections.	Carbohydrates	0-12	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	31-45
10828943-10	2000	The glycosylation site of SP-A was located at the side of each subunit, suggesting that the covalently linked carbohydrate moiety probably occupies the spaces between the adjacent globular domains, a location that would not sterically interfere with ligand binding.	Carbohydrates	110-122	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	26-30
10892586-1	2000	Transferrin sialoforms with fewer than three sialic acid residues (carbohydrate deficient transferrin; CDT) have been implicated as a marker of certain liver pathologies.	Carbohydrates	67-79	transferrin	Homo sapiens	90-101
10814743-9	2000	NPY initiates more protracted feeding temporally linked to enhanced carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	68-80	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
10830762-0	2000	Mean cell volume and gamma-glutamyl transferase are superior to carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and hemoglobin-acetaldehyde adducts in the follow-up of pregnant women with alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	64-76	transferrin	Homo sapiens	87-98
10799308-2	2000	Under normal conditions, GALT-deficient yeast cannot grow in medium that contains 0.2% galactose as the sole carbohydrate, a phenotype of Gal(-).	Carbohydrates	109-121	galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase	Homo sapiens	25-29
10799372-0	2000	Suppression of nocturnal fatty acid concentrations by bedtime carbohydrate supplement in type 2 diabetes: effects on insulin sensitivity, lipids, and glycemic control.	Carbohydrates	62-74	insulin	Homo sapiens	117-124
10830762-1	2000	BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To compare the usefulness of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), the ratio of CDT to total transferrin, and hemoglobin-acetaldehyde adducts with mean cell volume (MCV) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) in the follow-up of alcohol abuse during pregnancy.	Carbohydrates	55-67	transferrin	Homo sapiens	78-89
10799399-11	2000	Recent advances in carbohydrate metabolism during pregnancy suggest that preventive measures should be aimed at improving insulin sensitivity in women predisposed to GDM.	Carbohydrates	19-31	insulin	Homo sapiens	122-129
10806176-1	2000	The carbohydrate structure of sialyl-Lewis X (SLe(x)) can function as a ligand for E- and P-selectin, which play important roles in mediating the initial interactions of leukocytes with the endothelium in inflammatory responses.	Carbohydrates	4-16	selectin, platelet	Mus musculus	90-100
10731498-1	2000	BACKGROUND: Dietary carbohydrates may influence the development of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes, for example, through effects on blood glucose and insulin concentrations.	Carbohydrates	20-33	insulin	Homo sapiens	79-86
10911720-1	2000	Little is known about the carbohydrate structure of the platelet von Willebrand factor (vWf).	Carbohydrates	26-38	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	65-86
10911720-1	2000	Little is known about the carbohydrate structure of the platelet von Willebrand factor (vWf).	Carbohydrates	26-38	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	88-91
10773191-0	2000	Involvement of chondroitin sulfates on brain-derived tenascin-R in carbohydrate-dependent interactions with fibronectin and tenascin-C. Tenascin-R (TN-R), a matrix glycoprotein of the central nervous system (CNS), has been implicated in a variety of cell-matrix interactions involved in the control of axon growth, myelination and cell adhesion to fibronectin during development and regeneration.	Carbohydrates	67-79	tenascin R	Mus musculus	148-152
10798585-0	2000	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and macrocytic volume as biomarkers of alcohol problems in women.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
10798585-3	2000	METHODS: Published alcohol-screening studies with female samples and use as biomarkers of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and macrocytic volume were reviewed.	Carbohydrates	90-102	transferrin	Homo sapiens	113-124
10783264-0	2000	Cloning and chromosomal mapping of human glucuronyltransferase involved in biosynthesis of the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope.	Carbohydrates	101-113	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	95-100
10783264-1	2000	The HNK-1 carbohydrate is expressed on various cell adhesion molecules in the nervous system and is suggested to play a role in cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions.	Carbohydrates	10-22	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	4-9
10783264-2	2000	Here we describe the isolation of a cDNA encoding human glucuronyltransferase (GlcAT-P), which is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of the HNK-1 carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	144-156	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	79-86
10783264-2	2000	Here we describe the isolation of a cDNA encoding human glucuronyltransferase (GlcAT-P), which is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of the HNK-1 carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	144-156	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	138-143
10731498-1	2000	BACKGROUND: Dietary carbohydrates may influence the development of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes, for example, through effects on blood glucose and insulin concentrations.	Carbohydrates	20-33	insulin	Homo sapiens	158-165
10826498-5	2000	The pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex, the key irreversible rate limiting step in carbohydrate oxidation, is modulated by the intra-mitochondrial ratio acetyl-CoA/CoA.	Carbohydrates	85-97	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	4-26
10749748-10	2000	These data indicate that SP-A mitigates the effect of silica on AM viability, and this effect may involve the carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-A.	Carbohydrates	110-122	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	25-29
10749748-10	2000	These data indicate that SP-A mitigates the effect of silica on AM viability, and this effect may involve the carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-A.	Carbohydrates	110-122	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	145-149
10826498-5	2000	The pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex, the key irreversible rate limiting step in carbohydrate oxidation, is modulated by the intra-mitochondrial ratio acetyl-CoA/CoA.	Carbohydrates	85-97	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	28-31
10759472-0	2000	Investigation by isoelectric focusing of the initial carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) and non-CDT transferrin isoform fractionation step involved in determination of CDT by the ChronAlcoI.D.	Carbohydrates	53-65	transferrin	Homo sapiens	76-87
11709845-0	2000	A facile synthetic approach to L- and P-selectin blockers via copolymerization of vinyl monomers constructing the key carbohydrate modules of sialyl LewisX mimics.	Carbohydrates	118-130	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	149-155
11709845-3	2000	Each of the two glycosyl monomers constructs a key carbohydrate module responsible for selectins/sulfated sialyl LewisX (sLeX) bindings.	Carbohydrates	51-63	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	113-119
10759472-2	2000	BACKGROUND: The introduction of a new set of reagents for the determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) as a marker of chronic alcohol abuse requires an independent evaluation of the analytic specificity of the test.	Carbohydrates	79-91	transferrin	Homo sapiens	102-113
10759489-0	2000	Increased carbohydrate-deficient transferrin concentration and abnormal protein glycosylation of unknown etiology in a patient with achondroplasia.	Carbohydrates	10-22	transferrin	Homo sapiens	33-44
10745073-0	2000	Interaction of a novel cysteine and histidine-rich cytoplasmic protein with galectin-3 in a carbohydrate-independent manner.	Carbohydrates	92-104	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	76-86
10769790-0	2000	Self-assembled carbohydrate-stabilized ceramic nanoparticles for the parenteral delivery of insulin.	Carbohydrates	15-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	92-99
10723067-4	2000	In all galectin-3 expressing cell lines, the lectin is predominantly, if not exclusively, localized intracellularly and carries an active carbohydrate recognition domain (shown for C6 rat glioma cells).	Carbohydrates	138-150	galectin 3	Rattus norvegicus	7-17
10770191-22	2000	These findings indicate that IGF-I/IGFBP-3 is biologically active on carbohydrate metabolism, as measured by a decrease in insulin requirements in patients with type 1 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	69-81	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	29-34
10770191-22	2000	These findings indicate that IGF-I/IGFBP-3 is biologically active on carbohydrate metabolism, as measured by a decrease in insulin requirements in patients with type 1 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	69-81	insulin	Homo sapiens	123-130
10745073-4	2000	In various assays in vitro the novel protein was shown to bind galectin-3 in a carbohydrate-independent manner.	Carbohydrates	79-91	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	63-73
10722666-2	2000	This ECA, termed ecalectin, is a variant of human galectin-9, a member of a beta-galactoside binding animal lectin family, which contains two conserved carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs).	Carbohydrates	152-164	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	17-26
10722666-2	2000	This ECA, termed ecalectin, is a variant of human galectin-9, a member of a beta-galactoside binding animal lectin family, which contains two conserved carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs).	Carbohydrates	152-164	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	50-60
10704441-5	2000	Whereas the N-linked oligosaccharide provided no evidence for retrieval from a downstream compartment, a more stringent assay based on carbohydrate acquisition by O-glyc b(5) showed that b(5) gains access to enzymes catalyzing the first steps of O-glycosylation.	Carbohydrates	135-147	glycoprotein hormone subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	187-191
10702165-9	2000	Several direct relations were observed between diet and insulin action: carbohydrate and fruit intakes were positively associated with S(i) (P = 0.02), and vegetable intake was negatively associated with AIR (P = 0.01).	Carbohydrates	72-84	insulin	Homo sapiens	56-63
10889789-10	2000	Although there is no evidence that a high intake of simple sugars contributes to passive overconsumption, carbohydrate foods with a low glycaemic index may be more satiating and exert more beneficial effects on insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors.	Carbohydrates	106-118	insulin	Homo sapiens	211-218
11201785-2	2000	GSL clustering in such microdomains causes adhesion to complementary GSLs on the surface of counterpart cells or presented on plastic surfaces, through carbohydrate-to-carbohydrate interaction.	Carbohydrates	152-164	cathepsin A	Homo sapiens	0-3
10749336-1	2000	Alterations in carbohydrate metabolism associated with liver cirrhosis are characterized by a high serum insulin level and prolonged hyperglycemia on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).	Carbohydrates	15-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	105-112
10889799-7	2000	Low carbohydrate diets have been suggested to be beneficial in the treatment of the metabolic syndrome because of reduced postprandial insulin.	Carbohydrates	4-16	insulin	Homo sapiens	135-142
10889799-9	2000	The effects of low carbohydrate diets on insulin sensitivity depend on what is used to replace the dietary carbohydrate, and the nature of the subjects studied.	Carbohydrates	19-31	insulin	Homo sapiens	41-48
10889799-9	2000	The effects of low carbohydrate diets on insulin sensitivity depend on what is used to replace the dietary carbohydrate, and the nature of the subjects studied.	Carbohydrates	107-119	insulin	Homo sapiens	41-48
10889799-10	2000	Dietary carbohydrates may affect insulin action, at least in part, via alterations in plasma free fatty acids.	Carbohydrates	8-21	insulin	Homo sapiens	33-40
10889805-15	2000	Dietary carbohydrate increases blood glucose levels, particularly in the postprandial period, and consequently also insulin levels and plasma triglycerides.	Carbohydrates	8-20	insulin	Homo sapiens	116-123
10889805-16	2000	The detrimental effects of a high-carbohydrate diet on plasma glucose/insulin, triglyceride/HDL or fibrinolysis occur only when carbohydrate foods with a high glycaemic index are consumed, while they are abolished if the diet is based largely on fibre-rich, low-glycaemic-index foods.	Carbohydrates	34-46	insulin	Homo sapiens	70-77
11201785-2	2000	GSL clustering in such microdomains causes adhesion to complementary GSLs on the surface of counterpart cells or presented on plastic surfaces, through carbohydrate-to-carbohydrate interaction.	Carbohydrates	168-180	cathepsin A	Homo sapiens	0-3
10756691-7	2000	Insulin-dependent diabetics can correct mistakes in the carbohydrate intake by injecting fast insulins provided that they have in-depth knowledge of the mode of action of insulin and dietary experience.	Carbohydrates	56-68	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
10757621-13	2000	CONCLUSION: Peripheral GLP-1 decreased DIT and carbohydrate oxidation, probably secondary to a delayed absorption of nutrients, since substrate and hormone concentrations in plasma were suppressed during GLP-1 infusion.	Carbohydrates	47-59	glucagon	Homo sapiens	23-28
10684323-6	2000	Then biochemical tests can be carried out, especially chromatographic carbohydrate-deficient transferrin assay and isoelectric focusing of serum transferrin.	Carbohydrates	70-82	transferrin	Homo sapiens	93-104
10756691-7	2000	Insulin-dependent diabetics can correct mistakes in the carbohydrate intake by injecting fast insulins provided that they have in-depth knowledge of the mode of action of insulin and dietary experience.	Carbohydrates	56-68	insulin	Homo sapiens	94-101
10744316-0	2000	Improved method for carbohydrate-deficient transferrin determination in human serum by capillary zone electrophoresis.	Carbohydrates	20-32	transferrin	Homo sapiens	43-54
10744316-1	2000	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is a reliable marker of chronic or repeated alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
10652209-3	2000	In fact, both the bacterial recombinant carbohydrate recognition domain of RHL-1 (rCRD(RHL-1)) and the anti-rCRD(RHL-1) antibody markedly inhibited (125)I-Tg binding to the cell surface of PC Cl3 cells.	Carbohydrates	40-52	thyroglobulin	Rattus norvegicus	155-157
10652221-6	2000	Results suggest that the peptide mimic of SA-Le(a) carbohydrate might bind to E-selectin and block its interaction with another ligand, sialyl-Lewis X (SA-LeX), expressed on neutrophils.	Carbohydrates	51-63	selectin, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	78-88
10671567-3	2000	We have previously mapped the carbohydrate-response elements (ChoREs) of the rat liver-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK) and S(14) genes and found them to share significant sequence similarity.	Carbohydrates	30-42	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	119-124
10698369-0	2000	Test characteristics of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and gamma-glutamyltransferase in alcohol-using perimenopausal women.	Carbohydrates	24-36	transferrin	Homo sapiens	47-58
10698369-2	2000	We evaluated carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) by the CDTect method and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in a large cohort of alcohol-using perimenopausal women studied primarily for osteoporosis.	Carbohydrates	13-25	transferrin	Homo sapiens	36-47
10680161-2	2000	As a consequence of inactivity and the body compositional changes of decreased skeletal muscle with a relative increase in adiposity, a state of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia has been demonstrated to exist, associated with abnormalities in oral carbohydrate handling.	Carbohydrates	255-267	insulin	Homo sapiens	145-152
10640401-0	2000	Soluble fibronectin interaction with cell surface and extracellular matrix is mediated by carbohydrate-to-carbohydrate interaction.	Carbohydrates	90-102	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	8-19
10640401-0	2000	Soluble fibronectin interaction with cell surface and extracellular matrix is mediated by carbohydrate-to-carbohydrate interaction.	Carbohydrates	106-118	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	8-19
10640401-5	2000	A few lines of study indicate that the process is mediated by interaction of FN carbohydrate with cell surface carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	80-92	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	77-79
10640401-5	2000	A few lines of study indicate that the process is mediated by interaction of FN carbohydrate with cell surface carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	111-123	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	77-79
10640401-6	2000	The great enhancement of the binding process by glycosphingolipid is based on dual interaction of glycosphingolipid carbohydrate with FN carbohydrate and with cell surface carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	116-128	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	134-136
10727764-8	2000	When active, p67-DG inactivates p67 by removing its carbohydrate moieties.	Carbohydrates	52-64	CD33 molecule	Homo sapiens	13-16
10727764-8	2000	When active, p67-DG inactivates p67 by removing its carbohydrate moieties.	Carbohydrates	52-64	CD33 molecule	Homo sapiens	32-35
10669366-6	2000	Modification of cell surface carbohydrates at mucosal surfaces determined by the FUT2 gene may underlie the protective association against heterosexual HIV infection.	Carbohydrates	29-42	fucosyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	81-85
10677844-1	2000	Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) are essential to glycolysis, the major route of carbohydrate breakdown in eukaryotes.	Carbohydrates	133-145	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-40
10677844-1	2000	Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) are essential to glycolysis, the major route of carbohydrate breakdown in eukaryotes.	Carbohydrates	133-145	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	42-47
10677844-1	2000	Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) are essential to glycolysis, the major route of carbohydrate breakdown in eukaryotes.	Carbohydrates	133-145	triosephosphate isomerase 1	Homo sapiens	53-78
10677844-1	2000	Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) are essential to glycolysis, the major route of carbohydrate breakdown in eukaryotes.	Carbohydrates	133-145	triosephosphate isomerase 1	Homo sapiens	80-83
10690889-0	2000	Carbohydrate metabolism during long-term growth hormone (GH) treatment and after discontinuation of GH treatment in girls with Turner syndrome participating in a randomized dose-response study.	Carbohydrates	0-12	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	41-55
10938850-7	2000	The Sus1 and Sh1 sucrose synthases in maize (typically up-regulated by carbohydrate abundance and deprivation, respectively) showed parallel responses to hypoxia (3% O2 [0.03l l-1 O2]) and anoxia (0% O2 [0l l-1 O2]) that were consistent with involvement of similar signals.	Carbohydrates	71-83	sucrose synthase 2	Zea mays	4-8
10630988-0	2000	Protein-carbohydrate interactions in human lysozyme probed by combining site-directed mutagenesis and affinity labeling.	Carbohydrates	8-20	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	43-51
10688266-5	2000	An original analytical approach to the determination of carbohydrate deficient transferrin, a new marker of chronic alcohol abuse, based on capillary electrophoresis is also described.	Carbohydrates	56-68	transferrin	Homo sapiens	79-90
10636901-3	2000	In this study, we examined the effect of several inhibitors of carbohydrate processing on the fate of the misfolded secretory protein alpha1 antitrypsin Z.	Carbohydrates	63-75	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	134-152
10630988-1	2000	The synergism between apolar and polar interactions in the carbohydrate recognition by human lysozyme (HL) was probed by site-directed mutagenesis and affinity labeling.	Carbohydrates	59-71	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	93-101
10627452-7	2000	Rolling of CD34(+) ABM cells on P-selectin could be partially inhibited by monoclonal antibody (mAb) against PSGL-1, and was not inhibited by a mAb against CD34, suggesting that HSPC have unique carbohydrate repertoires that facilitate selectin-mediated rolling.	Carbohydrates	195-207	CD34 molecule	Homo sapiens	11-15
10895045-3	2000	A recent study showed that the effects of growth on insulin sensitivity in prepubertal children with idiopathic short stature represent the changes in carbohydrate tolerance observed during normal adolescence.	Carbohydrates	151-163	insulin	Homo sapiens	52-59
10684785-4	2000	This ratio was increased by 4-fold in alcoholics, compared to non-alcoholic patients, and was correlated with daily intake of ethanol, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, and blood alcohol level at the time of admission to hospital.	Carbohydrates	135-147	transferrin	Homo sapiens	158-169
26256030-0	2000	Objective Diagnosis of Chronic Alcohol Abuse - Determination of Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin (CDT) with Capillary Electrophoresis.	Carbohydrates	64-76	transferrin	Homo sapiens	87-98
10570224-0	2000	C-reactive protein binds to phosphorylated carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	43-56	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	0-18
10570224-5	2000	Both the carbohydrate and the position of phosphorylation influenced the avidity for CRP.	Carbohydrates	9-21	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	85-88
10570224-8	2000	This stresses the importance of the interaction of the CRP binding site with both the carbohydrate and the phosphate group.	Carbohydrates	86-98	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	55-58
10570224-9	2000	CRP function may be mediated via the recognition of large arrays of phosphorylated carbohydrates as are characteristic of the surface of microorganisms.	Carbohydrates	83-96	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	0-3
10729920-0	2000	Colonic mucin-carbohydrate components in colorectal tumors and their possible relationship to MUC2, p53 and DCC immunoreactivities.	Carbohydrates	14-26	mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	94-98
11210345-5	2000	Increased need in glucose as a main energy substrate during ischemia and therefore in insulin leads to disturbed carbohydrate metabolism in 33% of patients recorded 3-5 years after MI.	Carbohydrates	113-125	insulin	Homo sapiens	86-93
10965515-5	2000	The evidence suggests that diets high in energy and saturated fat and with high glycemic index carbohydrate and low levels of fiber and n-3 fatty acids lead to insulin resistance with hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertriglyceridemia.	Carbohydrates	95-107	insulin	Homo sapiens	160-167
10683756-1	2000	Chromium is essential for the regulation of insulin action, thereby influencing carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	80-92	insulin	Homo sapiens	44-51
10729920-0	2000	Colonic mucin-carbohydrate components in colorectal tumors and their possible relationship to MUC2, p53 and DCC immunoreactivities.	Carbohydrates	14-26	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	100-103
10561457-4	1999	In order to study the role of carbohydrate-mediated cell adhesion during Xenopus development, we first studied the expression pattern of the Le(x).	Carbohydrates	30-42	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	141-146
11200978-4	2000	Recent data suggest, first, the presence of a complex loop between the sympathetic nervous system, carbohydrate metabolism (insulin) and leptin hormone and, second, that this loop, an overall reflection of energy metabolism, participates in cardiovascular regulation.	Carbohydrates	99-111	insulin	Homo sapiens	124-131
10593872-10	1999	After 24 h carbohydrate refeeding, muscle glycogen in GLUT4-null mice was restored to fed levels.	Carbohydrates	11-23	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4	Mus musculus	54-59
10979569-2	2000	It has been determined that changes in percentage correlation of alpha- and beta-structures of sportsmen serum albumin were combined with decrease of protein reserve functional activity and with its intensified liganding by substance of lipid and carbohydrate nature.	Carbohydrates	247-259	albumin	Homo sapiens	105-118
11005131-6	2000	We found identical carbohydrate structure of hAFT and trophoblast transferrin.	Carbohydrates	19-31	cap methyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	45-49
11005131-6	2000	We found identical carbohydrate structure of hAFT and trophoblast transferrin.	Carbohydrates	19-31	transferrin	Homo sapiens	66-77
10580135-4	1999	Calnexin and calreticulin function via specific carbohydrates in quality control of newly synthesized glycoproteins in the ER, and ERGIC-53 seems to function in the transport of glycoproteins from ER to the Golgi complex.	Carbohydrates	48-61	calreticulin	Homo sapiens	13-25
10591673-1	1999	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) gene has been implicated in morbid obesity and is important to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	138-150	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	4-52
10591673-1	1999	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) gene has been implicated in morbid obesity and is important to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	138-150	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	54-63
10629964-0	1999	Review of factors susceptible of influencing post-mortem carbohydrate-deficient transferrin.	Carbohydrates	57-69	transferrin	Homo sapiens	80-91
10570283-5	1999	Altogether, 8B4/20-CD43 expression pattern and biochemical characteristics suggest its participation in carbohydrate-based interactions in the thymus.	Carbohydrates	104-116	sialophorin	Homo sapiens	19-23
10568812-11	1999	The results of a combination assay of CD15 and sCD15 showed that expression of both carbohydrate antigens significantly shortened survival time in both the resected and non-resected group (log-rank test, p&lt;0.05).	Carbohydrates	84-96	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	38-42
10570092-0	1999	Binding sites for carrier-immobilized carbohydrates in the kidney: implication for the pathogenesis of Henoch-Schonlein purpura and/or IgA nephropathy.	Carbohydrates	38-51	CD79a molecule	Homo sapiens	135-138
10598202-1	1999	BACKGROUND: Patients with hyperparathyroidism have alterations in carbohydrate metabolism characterized by insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and glucose intolerance.	Carbohydrates	66-78	insulin	Homo sapiens	107-114
10612704-1	1999	Prior studies have demonstrated that chronic consumption over several weeks of a high-carbohydrate (65%) diet, compared to a moderate-carbohydrate (45%) or low-carbohydrate (15%) diet, potentiates the expression, synthesis and release of hypothalamic NPY.	Carbohydrates	86-98	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	251-254
10612704-5	1999	After a high-carbohydrate meal compared to a moderate-carbohydrate or high-fat meal, NPY gene expression examined via in situ hybridization is found to be significantly enhanced in the ARC.	Carbohydrates	13-25	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	85-88
10612704-5	1999	After a high-carbohydrate meal compared to a moderate-carbohydrate or high-fat meal, NPY gene expression examined via in situ hybridization is found to be significantly enhanced in the ARC.	Carbohydrates	54-66	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	85-88
10612704-6	1999	The high-carbohydrate meal also potentiates NPY immunoreactivity in the ARC and PVN but has little effect on NPY in other hypothalamic areas examined and actually causes a reduction in the feeding-stimulatory peptide, galanin, specifically in the PVN.	Carbohydrates	9-21	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	44-47
10612704-10	1999	These results demonstrate that hypothalamic NPY can change rapidly in response to dietary carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	90-102	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	44-47
10567735-2	1999	Carbohydrates are believed to form a glycocode that mediates sorting out and fasciculation of primary olfactory axons through interactions with carbohydrate-binding proteins such as galectin-1.	Carbohydrates	0-13	galectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	182-192
10580514-1	1999	Chronic alcohol exposure leads to the appearance of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), a N-glycosylated protein and sialic acid-deficient apolipoprotein E (apoE), an O-glycosylated protein.	Carbohydrates	52-64	transferrin	Homo sapiens	75-86
10593324-11	1999	Flexible insulin regimens are based on predetermined actions in response to self-monitoring of blood glucose levels and carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	120-132	insulin	Homo sapiens	9-16
10580515-0	1999	Carbohydrate deficient transferrin in alcoholic liver disease: mechanisms and clinical implications.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
10580515-1	1999	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is now considered to be the most sensitive and specific biological marker of alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
10580517-0	1999	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin as compared to other markers of alcoholism: a systematic review.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
10580517-1	1999	This is a systematic review of the studies in which carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) has been compared to other laboratory markers in different experimental conditions, clinical settings, and populations.	Carbohydrates	52-64	transferrin	Homo sapiens	75-86
10634963-0	1999	Effect of glucagon on carbohydrate-mediated secretion of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36 amide) (GLP-1).	Carbohydrates	22-34	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	57-101
10697497-6	1999	Expression of CEA was detected at obviously higher frequency than those of the 3 carbohydrate antigens.	Carbohydrates	81-93	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	14-17
10634963-0	1999	Effect of glucagon on carbohydrate-mediated secretion of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36 amide) (GLP-1).	Carbohydrates	22-34	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	103-106
10598543-9	1999	Hyperglycemia and carbohydrate intolerance have been related to diuretic-induced hypokalemia, which inhibits insulin secretion by the beta cells, and reductions in extracellular fluid volume and cardiac output.	Carbohydrates	18-30	insulin	Homo sapiens	109-116
10591184-3	1999	Despite its homology to C-type lectins, Ly49A binds independently of carbohydrate and Ca2+ and shows specificity for MHC I but not bound peptide.	Carbohydrates	69-81	killer cell lectin-like receptor, subfamily A, member 1	Mus musculus	40-45
10641542-4	1999	It was found that insulin resistance in impaired carbohydrate tolerance was higher than in diabetes.	Carbohydrates	49-61	insulin	Homo sapiens	18-25
10583432-0	1999	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin is a useful marker for the detection of chronic alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
10627186-0	1999	Re-evaluation of monosaccharide binding property of recombinant soluble carbohydrate recognition domain of the natural killer cell receptor NKR-P1A.	Carbohydrates	72-84	killer cell lectin like receptor B1	Homo sapiens	140-147
10549992-0	1999	Relative versus absolute carbohydrate-deficient transferrin as a marker of alcohol consumption in patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis.	Carbohydrates	25-37	transferrin	Homo sapiens	48-59
10549992-1	1999	BACKGROUND: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin has been described as a sensitive and specific marker for alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
10549992-3	1999	METHODS: Absolute concentrations (U/I) and relative values (%) of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin determined in serum with commercial assays, as well as conventional markers for alcohol consumption, were compared with the alcohol consumption (as estimated by a questionnaire) in patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis (n = 19), alcoholic liver cirrhosis (n = 37), and nonalcoholic liver diseases (n = 16).	Carbohydrates	66-78	transferrin	Homo sapiens	89-100
10549992-4	1999	RESULTS: The concentration of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin was increased (p &lt; 0.001) in nonabstaining patients (median intake 80 g alcohol/day) with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (45.7 +/- 30 U/l), but not in patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis (20.0 +/- 7.8 U/l) despite higher alcohol consumption (median 130 g/d), nor in abstainers with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (19.4 +/- 6.0 U/l) or nonalcoholic liver disease (18.5 +/- 6.7 U/l).	Carbohydrates	30-42	transferrin	Homo sapiens	53-64
10549992-5	1999	However, the relative values of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin were increased both in acute alcoholic hepatitis (7.9 +/- 2.1%) and nonabstainers with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (7.4 +/- 2.8%), but not in abstainers with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (4.6 +/- 3.5%) or nonalcoholic liver disease (3.8 +/- 0.9%) (p &lt; 0.001).	Carbohydrates	32-44	transferrin	Homo sapiens	55-66
10549992-6	1999	In acute alcoholic hepatitis, the sensitivity and specificity were only 32% and 87% for absolute concentrations, respectively, but 79% and 97% for relative values of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin.	Carbohydrates	166-178	transferrin	Homo sapiens	189-200
10549992-7	1999	The concentrations of carbohydrate-deficient and total transferrin in serum were strongly correlated (r = 0.60; p = 0.008).	Carbohydrates	22-34	transferrin	Homo sapiens	55-66
10549992-8	1999	CONCLUSIONS: The relative value (% of total), but not the absolute concentration, of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in serum is a useful marker of alcohol consumption in acute alcoholic hepatitis.	Carbohydrates	85-97	transferrin	Homo sapiens	108-119
10491343-3	1999	Carbohydrate ingestion is known to stimulate pancreatic insulin release and to inhibit whole-body insulin extraction.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	56-63
10506632-0	1999	Dietary fat and carbohydrates are independently associated with circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 concentrations in healthy adults.	Carbohydrates	16-29	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	76-104
10506579-0	1999	Expression of the human alpha1,2-fucosyltransferase in transgenic pigs modifies the cell surface carbohydrate phenotype and confers resistance to human serum-mediated cytolysis.	Carbohydrates	97-109	fucosyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	24-51
10523330-8	1999	These results suggest that the hypotensive effects of a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet, although associated with an improvement in insulin sensitivity, are not mediated by changes in plasma insulin concentration.	Carbohydrates	70-82	insulin	Homo sapiens	132-139
10506632-5	1999	In addition, serum levels of IGF-1 are independently and positively associated with energy intake from lipids and negatively associated with energy intake from carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	160-173	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	29-34
10506632-7	1999	CONCLUSION: Serum IGF-1 and/or IGFBP-3 concentrations are associated with red meat, carbohydrate intake, and fat intake and, thus, may mediate the effect of these dietary factors on the pathogenesis of several disease states.	Carbohydrates	84-96	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	18-23
10511358-10	1999	Blood pressure, in a population of pregnant women with normal and abnormal carbohydrate metabolism, is a stronger predictor of insulin resistance than adiposity.	Carbohydrates	75-87	insulin	Homo sapiens	127-134
10504268-8	1999	Isothermal titration calorimetry data confirm these results; IL-8 binds heparin fragments with a K(d) of 0.39-2.63 microM, and requires five saccharide units to bind each monomer of chemokine.	Carbohydrates	141-151	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	61-65
10469150-1	1999	The carbohydrate chains of nine isoforms of chicken egg-white riboflavin-binding protein (RfBP) and six isoforms each of quail egg-white and yolk RfBP have been structurally characterized.	Carbohydrates	4-16	riboflavin binding protein	Gallus gallus	62-88
10528821-10	1999	Alcohol intake was associated with smoking, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and blood pressure, but not with age and body mass index.	Carbohydrates	82-94	transferrin	Homo sapiens	105-116
10471642-1	1999	BACKGROUND: Chronic alcohol abuse alters the normal N-glycosylation of transferrin, producing the carbohydrate-deficient transferrin isoforms.	Carbohydrates	98-110	transferrin	Homo sapiens	71-82
10471642-1	1999	BACKGROUND: Chronic alcohol abuse alters the normal N-glycosylation of transferrin, producing the carbohydrate-deficient transferrin isoforms.	Carbohydrates	98-110	transferrin	Homo sapiens	121-132
10438934-2	1999	This molecule, designated DCIR (for dendritic cell (DC) immunoreceptor), is a type II membrane glycoprotein of 237 aa with a single carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), closest in homology to those of the macrophage lectin and hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptors.	Carbohydrates	132-144	C-type lectin domain family 4 member A	Homo sapiens	26-30
10438934-2	1999	This molecule, designated DCIR (for dendritic cell (DC) immunoreceptor), is a type II membrane glycoprotein of 237 aa with a single carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), closest in homology to those of the macrophage lectin and hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptors.	Carbohydrates	132-144	C-type lectin domain family 4 member A	Homo sapiens	36-71
10589993-2	1999	To understand the basis for this phenomenon, we used cloned fragment of MBP-A and -C (entire carbohydrate-recognition domain and a short connecting piece) that exists as stable trimers in various binding studies.	Carbohydrates	93-105	mannose binding lectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	72-84
10782752-7	1999	Our data seem to demonstrate that insulin resistance with an inadequate hyperinsulinaemia is a common factor for the alterations of carbohydrate metabolism during pregnancy.	Carbohydrates	132-144	insulin	Homo sapiens	34-41
10493303-3	1999	Regular soft drinks and table beer, both carbohydrate-containing drinks, are candidates affecting insulin concentrations.	Carbohydrates	41-53	insulin	Homo sapiens	98-105
11681518-0	1999	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin determination revisited with capillary electrophoresis: a new biochemical marker of chronic alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
11681518-2	1999	In addition to the conventional indicators, which include y-glutamyl transferase, erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) has recently been introduced.	Carbohydrates	177-189	transferrin	Homo sapiens	200-211
10610071-4	1999	Dietary carbohydrate promotes its own oxidation by an insulin-mediated stimulation of glucose oxidation.	Carbohydrates	8-20	insulin	Homo sapiens	54-61
10610074-3	1999	High carbohydrate/low fat diets deteriorate insulin sensitivity on the short term.	Carbohydrates	5-17	insulin	Homo sapiens	44-51
10610074-4	1999	However, on the long term, high fat/low carbohydrate diets have a lower satiating power, induce low leptin levels and eventually lead to higher energy consumption, obesity and more insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	40-52	insulin	Homo sapiens	181-188
10522369-0	1999	[Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is modified by iron status: further reservations regarding the value of a new alcohol marker?	Carbohydrates	1-13	transferrin	Homo sapiens	24-35
10469150-1	1999	The carbohydrate chains of nine isoforms of chicken egg-white riboflavin-binding protein (RfBP) and six isoforms each of quail egg-white and yolk RfBP have been structurally characterized.	Carbohydrates	4-16	riboflavin binding protein	Gallus gallus	90-94
10469150-3	1999	In both chicken and quail egg-white RfBP the carbohydrates attached to position 36 had a lower degree of branching and, in the case of the quail protein, this site was only partially glycosylated.	Carbohydrates	45-58	riboflavin binding protein	Gallus gallus	36-40
10694936-2	1999	In the key areas of mucosal protection, neutrophil binding, and tumour metastasis, they are often coexpressed on the outer cell membrane, with Lewis blood group antigens forming the terminal carbohydrate chains on a CEA related glycoprotein backbone.	Carbohydrates	191-203	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	216-219
10467364-2	1999	Murine-based producer cell lines generate RVP which are inactivated by human serum, reportedly due to the presence of the galactosyl (alpha1-3) galactosyl carbohydrate moiety (alphaGal) on these and other nonprimate producer cells and RVP.	Carbohydrates	155-167	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 3	Mus musculus	134-142
10381915-8	1999	After ingestion of carbohydrate or fat alone, plasma N-IR-GLP-2 concentrations increased by 5.6 +/- 2.0- and 2.7 +/- 0.6-fold within 1 hour (P &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	19-31	glucagon	Homo sapiens	58-63
10532808-2	1999	CGRP has been implicated in a variety of physiological processes including peripheral vasodilation, cardiac acceleration nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) synthesis and function, testicular descent, nociception, carbohydrate metabolism, gastrointestinal motility, neurogenic inflammation, and gastric acid secretion.	Carbohydrates	218-230	calcitonin/calcitonin-related polypeptide, alpha	Mus musculus	0-4
10503403-0	1999	[Transferrin, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT)].	Carbohydrates	14-26	transferrin	Homo sapiens	37-48
10388536-3	1999	An enzyme, p67-deglycosylase, when active, removes the carbohydrate moieties from p67 and inactivates it.	Carbohydrates	55-67	CD33 molecule	Homo sapiens	11-14
10388536-3	1999	An enzyme, p67-deglycosylase, when active, removes the carbohydrate moieties from p67 and inactivates it.	Carbohydrates	55-67	CD33 molecule	Homo sapiens	82-85
10413105-3	1999	The stoichiometry of interaction was 3 moles of HB-GAM per mole of heparin, corresponding to a minimum heparin binding site for HB-GAM of 12-16 saccharide residues.	Carbohydrates	144-154	pleiotrophin	Homo sapiens	48-54
10413105-3	1999	The stoichiometry of interaction was 3 moles of HB-GAM per mole of heparin, corresponding to a minimum heparin binding site for HB-GAM of 12-16 saccharide residues.	Carbohydrates	144-154	pleiotrophin	Homo sapiens	128-134
10413105-5	1999	Affinity chromatography of a sized mixture of heparin oligosaccharides, having a degree of polymerization (dp) of &gt; 14 saccharide units, on HB-GAM-Sepharose demonstrated that oligosaccharides having more than 18 saccharide residues showed the tightest interaction.	Carbohydrates	59-69	pleiotrophin	Homo sapiens	143-149
10410840-6	1999	Carbohydrate beverage ingestion has been associated with increased plasma glucose levels, an attenuated cortisol and growth hormone response, fewer perturbations in blood immune cell counts, decreased granulocyte and monocyte phagocytosis and oxidative burst activity, and a diminished pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine response.	Carbohydrates	0-12	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	117-131
10397290-0	1999	Comparing the diagnostic accuracy of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and mean cell volume in a general practice population.	Carbohydrates	37-49	transferrin	Homo sapiens	60-71
10359820-0	1999	Phage-display library selection of high-affinity human single-chain antibodies to tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens sialyl Lewisx and Lewisx.	Carbohydrates	99-111	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	128-134
10359820-0	1999	Phage-display library selection of high-affinity human single-chain antibodies to tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens sialyl Lewisx and Lewisx.	Carbohydrates	99-111	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	139-145
10347181-2	1999	Utilizing green fluorescent protein as a reporter, we demonstrate that the carbohydrate-free prodomain of a trypanosome cathepsin L is necessary and sufficient for directing green fluorescent protein to the lysosome/endosome compartment.	Carbohydrates	75-87	cathepsin L	Homo sapiens	120-131
10397290-1	1999	In certain populations, the biological alcohol marker carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is known to have a high diagnostic accuracy.	Carbohydrates	54-66	transferrin	Homo sapiens	77-88
10348076-1	1999	Type 2 diabetes mellitus (formerly called non-insulin-dependent diabetes) causes abnormal carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism associated with insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion.	Carbohydrates	90-102	insulin	Homo sapiens	46-53
10433133-1	1999	OBJECTIVE: To find out whether the biological marker, carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT), was helpful in the detection of alcoholic patients in a surgical unit.	Carbohydrates	54-66	transferrin	Homo sapiens	77-88
16127605-1	1999	This session from the Carbohydrate Division of the ACS was overviewed by P Dan Cook of ISIS Pharmaceuticals Inc, who described what had already been accomplished in this field, as well as research efforts at his own company.	Carbohydrates	22-34	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	75-78
10372690-12	1999	Whether these changes in insulin pulsatility contribute directly to the age-related changes in carbohydrate metabolism will require further clinical studies.	Carbohydrates	95-107	insulin	Homo sapiens	25-32
10464781-1	1999	BACKGROUND AND AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect on blood glucose levels in non-insulin-dependent diabetics (NIDDM) of reduction of the carbohydrate content through the use of a new, almost starch-free type of bread (SF-bread).	Carbohydrates	155-167	insulin	Homo sapiens	99-106
11045170-0	1999	[Personal experience with determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin].	Carbohydrates	43-55	transferrin	Homo sapiens	66-77
11045170-1	1999	Assessment of carbohydrate-deficient serum transferrin CDT) is considered a very useful indicator of alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	14-26	transferrin	Homo sapiens	43-54
10342314-0	1999	Carbohydrate deficient transferrin for detection of alcohol relapse after orthotopic liver transplantation for alcoholic cirrhosis.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
10234020-4	1999	Monoclonal antibodies 3H1 and 3F8 against carbohydrate residues on rat phosphacan recognize these epitopes on DSD-1-PG.	Carbohydrates	42-54	protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type Z, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	110-118
10342314-6	1999	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin is a biological marker for alcohol abuse independently of liver disease and has been used for the first time ever in liver graft recipients.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
10342314-9	1999	Changes in carbohydrate-deficient transferrin levels indicated clandestine and sporadic drinking after transplantation.	Carbohydrates	11-23	transferrin	Homo sapiens	34-45
10342314-11	1999	In our opinion, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin is a useful screening marker for alcohol relapse in patients after orthotopic liver transplant for alcoholic cirrhosis, to select those patients who need special attention from the psychologist.	Carbohydrates	16-28	transferrin	Homo sapiens	39-50
10226065-2	1999	SP-D participates in the local innate immune defense of the lung, eliciting various effector functions by acting as a pattern recognition receptor for the carbohydrate structures on inhaled microorganisms and particulate matter.	Carbohydrates	155-167	surfactant associated protein D	Mus musculus	0-4
12024341-1	1999	Adolescents with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) who choose to be vegetarian have complex nutritional needs because of their continued physical growth and development, their participation in strenuous activities, and their need to consume sufficient carbohydrates to match their insulin doses.	Carbohydrates	261-274	insulin	Homo sapiens	17-24
10403180-2	1999	Ligand blot assays show that the recombinant carbohydrate recognition domain of the thyroid RHL-1 subunit specifically interacts with rat desialated thyroglobulin.	Carbohydrates	45-57	thyroglobulin	Rattus norvegicus	149-162
10332663-0	1999	Effects of meal carbohydrate content on insulin requirements in type 1 diabetic patients treated intensively with the basal-bolus (ultralente-regular) insulin regimen.	Carbohydrates	16-28	insulin	Homo sapiens	40-47
10332663-1	1999	OBJECTIVE: In this study, we evaluated the effects of high-(55%) and low-(40%) carbohydrate diets on insulin requirements in nine type 1 diabetic subjects treated intensively with ultralente as basal insulin and regular insulin as premeal insulin adjusted to the carbohydrate content of meals.	Carbohydrates	79-91	insulin	Homo sapiens	101-108
10332663-5	1999	When premeal regular insulin was prescribed in U/10 g of carbohydrate, the postprandial glycemic rise remained constant (2.4 +/- 2.8 mmol/l) over a wide range of carbohydrate ingested (21-188 g) and was not affected by the glycemic index, fiber, and caloric and lipidic content of the meals.	Carbohydrates	57-69	insulin	Homo sapiens	21-28
10332663-5	1999	When premeal regular insulin was prescribed in U/10 g of carbohydrate, the postprandial glycemic rise remained constant (2.4 +/- 2.8 mmol/l) over a wide range of carbohydrate ingested (21-188 g) and was not affected by the glycemic index, fiber, and caloric and lipidic content of the meals.	Carbohydrates	162-174	insulin	Homo sapiens	21-28
10224161-5	1999	SP-Ahyp, E195Q,R197D, mutated in carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) known to be essential for SP-A-vesicle interactions, conveyed a detrimental effect on DPPC surface activity.	Carbohydrates	33-45	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	0-7
10224161-5	1999	SP-Ahyp, E195Q,R197D, mutated in carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) known to be essential for SP-A-vesicle interactions, conveyed a detrimental effect on DPPC surface activity.	Carbohydrates	33-45	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
10382636-6	1999	These are based on the carbohydrate side-chains on the AFP molecule which exhibit characteristic differences in AFP of different origins.	Carbohydrates	23-35	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	55-58
10382636-6	1999	These are based on the carbohydrate side-chains on the AFP molecule which exhibit characteristic differences in AFP of different origins.	Carbohydrates	23-35	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	112-115
20575781-0	1999	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in the assessment of harmful alcohol consumption: diagnostic performance and clinical significance.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
10466204-1	1999	As part of a continuing study aimed to achieve improved monoclonal antibodies against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) carbohydrate fragments, the synthesis of a sialyl-(2--&gt;6)-lactosamine trisaccharide with a 5-amino-3-oxapentyl spacer group at C-1I has been developed.	Carbohydrates	117-129	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	112-115
10191252-1	1999	Expression of the fructose transporter GLUT5 in Caco-2 cells is controlled by the carbohydrate content of the culture media [Mesonero, Matosin, Cambier, Rodriguez-Yoldi and Brot-Laroche (1995) Biochem.	Carbohydrates	82-94	solute carrier family 2 member 5	Homo sapiens	39-44
20575781-1	1999	The last decade saw the emergence of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) as the most promising marker for the diagnosis of alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	37-49	transferrin	Homo sapiens	60-71
10089095-7	1999	These results suggest that lectin binding to particular carbohydrate moiety on the cell surface is necessary for cell agglutination.	Carbohydrates	56-68	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: lectin	Glycine max	27-33
10459075-1	1999	UNLABELLED: Infusions of carbohydrates before surgery have been shown to reduce postoperative insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	25-38	insulin	Homo sapiens	94-101
10459075-2	1999	Presently, we investigated the effects of a carbohydrate drink, given shortly before surgery, on postoperative insulin sensitivity.	Carbohydrates	44-56	insulin	Homo sapiens	111-118
10459075-11	1999	CONCLUSIONS: Patients given a carbohydrate drink shortly before elective surgery displayed less reduced insulin sensitivity after surgery as compared to patients undergoing surgery after an overnight fast.	Carbohydrates	30-42	insulin	Homo sapiens	104-111
10082988-2	1999	Treatment of human chymase with endoglycosidase F resulted in cleavage of the carbohydrate moiety yielding a deglycosylation product that did not lose its catalytic activity.	Carbohydrates	78-90	chymase 1	Homo sapiens	19-26
10197623-1	1999	Aberrant glycosylation of mucins leads to the exposure of cryptic carbohydrate antigens at the surface of carcinoma cells, which, therefore, represent potent targets for anticancer therapeutic vaccines.	Carbohydrates	66-78	cripto, FRL-1, cryptic family 1	Homo sapiens	58-65
10087239-0	1999	Inhibition of carbohydrate-mediated glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36)amide secretion by circulating non-esterified fatty acids.	Carbohydrates	14-26	glucagon	Homo sapiens	36-59
10087239-5	1999	Indeed, the plasma GLP-1 response to carbohydrate was markedly attenuated in obese subjects, confirming previous observations.	Carbohydrates	37-49	glucagon	Homo sapiens	19-24
10087239-6	1999	In the second study, in which carbohydrate-stimulated GLP-1 responses were again evaluated in obese and lean women, circulating NEFA levels were modulated using either heparin (to increase serum NEFA) or acipimox (to reduce serum NEFA).	Carbohydrates	30-42	glucagon	Homo sapiens	54-59
10087239-8	1999	We suggest that higher fasting and postprandial NEFA levels in obesity may tonically inhibit nutrient-mediated GLP-1 secretion, and that this results in attenuation of the GLP-1 response to carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	190-202	glucagon	Homo sapiens	172-177
10333081-4	1999	Following oral carbohydrate postprandial plasma insulin levels were significantly higher in obese subjects than in lean (p &lt; 0.01).	Carbohydrates	15-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	48-55
10333081-6	1999	Insulin, GIP and GLP-1 secretion post-carbohydrate was markedly reduced by octreotide in lean and obese subjects.	Carbohydrates	38-50	glucagon	Homo sapiens	17-22
10401691-6	1999	Several carbohydrate-deficient isoforms were found in transferrin (four), alpha1-antitrypsin (three), antithrombin (two) and thyroxine-binding globulin (four).	Carbohydrates	8-20	transferrin	Homo sapiens	54-65
10401691-6	1999	Several carbohydrate-deficient isoforms were found in transferrin (four), alpha1-antitrypsin (three), antithrombin (two) and thyroxine-binding globulin (four).	Carbohydrates	8-20	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	74-92
10367332-9	1999	Although the postprandial insulin response is reduced when comparing a 40% with a 60% carbohydrate diet, it is still a sufficient stimulus to offset the lipolytic effects of glucagon.	Carbohydrates	86-98	insulin	Homo sapiens	26-33
10224671-11	1999	The decrease in activity of erythrocyte aminolevulinate dehydratase observed in diabetic patients, may represent an additional and useful parameter for the assessment of the severity of carbohydrate metabolism impairment.	Carbohydrates	186-198	aminolevulinate dehydratase	Rattus norvegicus	40-67
24393733-0	1999	Acute effects of five Ghanaian carbohydrate diets on serum glucose, triglyceride and insulin in NIDDM.	Carbohydrates	31-43	insulin	Homo sapiens	85-92
10217151-0	1999	Structural studies on sugar chains of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin from patients with alcoholic liver disease using lectin affinity electrophoresis.	Carbohydrates	38-50	transferrin	Homo sapiens	61-72
10217151-1	1999	It is well-known that microheterogeneity of human serum transferrin observed in alcoholics manifests as sialic acid-deficient transferrin isoforms, otherwise known as carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT).	Carbohydrates	167-179	transferrin	Homo sapiens	56-67
10217151-1	1999	It is well-known that microheterogeneity of human serum transferrin observed in alcoholics manifests as sialic acid-deficient transferrin isoforms, otherwise known as carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT).	Carbohydrates	167-179	transferrin	Homo sapiens	126-137
10217151-1	1999	It is well-known that microheterogeneity of human serum transferrin observed in alcoholics manifests as sialic acid-deficient transferrin isoforms, otherwise known as carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT).	Carbohydrates	167-179	transferrin	Homo sapiens	126-137
10051465-0	1999	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, a sensitive marker of chronic alcohol abuse, is highly influenced by body iron.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
10051465-1	1999	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), a microheterogeneous form of serum transferrin (Tf), has been proposed as the most reliable marker of chronic alcohol consumption, although unexplained false-positive and -negative results have been reported.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
10051465-1	1999	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), a microheterogeneous form of serum transferrin (Tf), has been proposed as the most reliable marker of chronic alcohol consumption, although unexplained false-positive and -negative results have been reported.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	77-88
10051465-1	1999	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), a microheterogeneous form of serum transferrin (Tf), has been proposed as the most reliable marker of chronic alcohol consumption, although unexplained false-positive and -negative results have been reported.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	90-92
10078543-3	1999	Epididymal and retroperitoneal adipose LPL rose 65% above fasting values as early as 1 h after the onset of a 30-min high-carbohydrate meal, with a second activity peak 1 h later that was maintained for an additional 2 h. Soleus muscle LPL was decreased by 25% between 0.5 and 4 h after meal intake.	Carbohydrates	122-134	lipoprotein lipase	Rattus norvegicus	39-42
10786224-1	1999	Serum concentration of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is used for laboratory diagnosis of chronic alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	23-35	transferrin	Homo sapiens	46-57
10069839-4	1999	Carbohydrate-mediated regulation of gene expression involving a HXK-mediated pathway is known to be activated by Glc, Man, and other monosaccharides.	Carbohydrates	0-12	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	64-67
10198911-2	1999	Carbohydrate that is malabsorbed and fermented in the colon has been demonstrated to decrease insulin response to a glucose load and improve other risk factors associated with coronary heart disease, although the mechanism remains unclear.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	94-101
10786224-11	1999	The measurement of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin may be used as a marker of excessive alcohol abuse in patients with liver diseases (also in cirrhosis).	Carbohydrates	19-31	transferrin	Homo sapiens	42-53
10091584-6	1999	ZPB and ZPC can not be separated from each other unless the acidic N-acetyllactosamine regions of their carbohydrate chains are removed by endo-beta-galactosidase digestion.	Carbohydrates	104-116	zona pellucida glycoprotein 4	Sus scrofa	0-3
10334310-6	1999	Accordingly, high-fat, low-carbohydrate (HF/LC) meals, which induce smaller insulin and glucose responses, would produce lower leptin concentrations than low-fat, high-carbohydrate (LF/HC) meals.	Carbohydrates	27-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	76-83
10223649-1	1999	PURPOSE: Sialyl Lewis X (sLex), Lewis X (Lex), and N-acetyllactosamine are carbohydrate chains of neolactoglycoconjugates which are expressed by specific cell types and are important in the functioning of cells within an organism.	Carbohydrates	75-87	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	16-23
10223649-1	1999	PURPOSE: Sialyl Lewis X (sLex), Lewis X (Lex), and N-acetyllactosamine are carbohydrate chains of neolactoglycoconjugates which are expressed by specific cell types and are important in the functioning of cells within an organism.	Carbohydrates	75-87	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	32-39
10223649-1	1999	PURPOSE: Sialyl Lewis X (sLex), Lewis X (Lex), and N-acetyllactosamine are carbohydrate chains of neolactoglycoconjugates which are expressed by specific cell types and are important in the functioning of cells within an organism.	Carbohydrates	75-87	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	26-29
10230872-9	1999	Positive results have been obtained with natural IFN and interleukins, particularly in combination strategies (but not with high dose recombinant IFN or IL-2), with autologous tumor vaccine (but not yet with transfected autologous tumor); with a mucin carbohydrate vaccine (Theratope) in a combination strategy (but not with mucin core antigen) and with several immunotoxins.	Carbohydrates	252-264	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	49-52
10048309-10	1999	Treatment of keratinocytes with immunoprotective carbohydrates reduced IL-10 production by approximately 50% compared with the cells treated with UV radiation alone and completely blocked suppressive activity of the culture supernatants in vivo.	Carbohydrates	49-62	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	71-76
11392036-6	1999	Carbohydrate metabolism, measured by two-hour postchallenge insulin level, decreased in all groups, including placebo; however, two-hour glucose increased in the CEE plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (cyclic and continuous) groups vs. placebo but was unchanged in CEE alone and CEE plus MP groups.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	60-67
15539275-10	1999	We conclude that ingestion of a solution composed of carbohydrates to stimulate insulin release and a small amount of essential amino acids to increase amino acid availability for protein synthesis is an effective stimulator of muscle protein anabolism.	Carbohydrates	53-66	insulin	Homo sapiens	80-87
10090313-1	1999	In rat hepatocyte culture, the S14 gene is necessary for induction of lipogenesis by carbohydrate metabolism and thyroid hormone.	Carbohydrates	85-97	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	31-34
9890881-3	1999	Nonetheless, AR is a poor catalyst for glucose reduction and displays active-site properties unexpected of a carbohydrate-binding protein.	Carbohydrates	109-121	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B	Homo sapiens	13-15
9890958-1	1999	In the liver, transcription of several genes encoding lipogenic and glycolytic enzymes, in particular the gene for fatty acid synthase (FAS), is known to be stimulated by dietary carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	179-192	fatty acid synthase	Mus musculus	115-134
9890958-1	1999	In the liver, transcription of several genes encoding lipogenic and glycolytic enzymes, in particular the gene for fatty acid synthase (FAS), is known to be stimulated by dietary carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	179-192	fatty acid synthase	Mus musculus	136-139
9890958-6	1999	In both types of mouse lines, defective in either USF1 or USF2, induction of the FAS gene by refeeding a carbohydrate-rich diet was severely delayed, whereas expression of SREBP1 was almost normal and insulin response unchanged.	Carbohydrates	105-117	fatty acid synthase	Mus musculus	81-84
10091272-12	1999	Carbohydrate beverage ingestion has been associated with higher plasma glucose levels, an attenuated cortisol and growth hormone response, fewer perturbations in blood immune cell counts, lower granulocyte and monocyte phagocytosis and oxidative burst activity, and a diminished pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine response.	Carbohydrates	0-12	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	114-128
9888793-6	1999	The second Gal-beta1,4-GlcNAc-Epo moiety was recognized via the carbohydrate-carbohydrate interaction with the first Gal-beta1, 4-GlcNAc-Epo moiety in addition to the protein-carbohydrate interaction with the "right-side" catalytic cleft of HL through a number of hydrogen bonds including water-mediated ones as well as many van der Waals contacts.	Carbohydrates	64-76	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	30-33
9888793-6	1999	The second Gal-beta1,4-GlcNAc-Epo moiety was recognized via the carbohydrate-carbohydrate interaction with the first Gal-beta1, 4-GlcNAc-Epo moiety in addition to the protein-carbohydrate interaction with the "right-side" catalytic cleft of HL through a number of hydrogen bonds including water-mediated ones as well as many van der Waals contacts.	Carbohydrates	64-76	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	137-140
9888793-6	1999	The second Gal-beta1,4-GlcNAc-Epo moiety was recognized via the carbohydrate-carbohydrate interaction with the first Gal-beta1, 4-GlcNAc-Epo moiety in addition to the protein-carbohydrate interaction with the "right-side" catalytic cleft of HL through a number of hydrogen bonds including water-mediated ones as well as many van der Waals contacts.	Carbohydrates	77-89	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	30-33
9888793-6	1999	The second Gal-beta1,4-GlcNAc-Epo moiety was recognized via the carbohydrate-carbohydrate interaction with the first Gal-beta1, 4-GlcNAc-Epo moiety in addition to the protein-carbohydrate interaction with the "right-side" catalytic cleft of HL through a number of hydrogen bonds including water-mediated ones as well as many van der Waals contacts.	Carbohydrates	77-89	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	137-140
9888793-6	1999	The second Gal-beta1,4-GlcNAc-Epo moiety was recognized via the carbohydrate-carbohydrate interaction with the first Gal-beta1, 4-GlcNAc-Epo moiety in addition to the protein-carbohydrate interaction with the "right-side" catalytic cleft of HL through a number of hydrogen bonds including water-mediated ones as well as many van der Waals contacts.	Carbohydrates	77-89	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	30-33
9888793-6	1999	The second Gal-beta1,4-GlcNAc-Epo moiety was recognized via the carbohydrate-carbohydrate interaction with the first Gal-beta1, 4-GlcNAc-Epo moiety in addition to the protein-carbohydrate interaction with the "right-side" catalytic cleft of HL through a number of hydrogen bonds including water-mediated ones as well as many van der Waals contacts.	Carbohydrates	77-89	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	137-140
10028376-1	1999	This study was conducted to know the effect of carbohydrate intake on serum 3,5,3"-triiodothyronine (CAS 6893-02-3, T3)-response to glucose ingestion and its relation to glucose tolerance in lean non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients.	Carbohydrates	47-59	anon-84Fb	Drosophila melanogaster	116-118
9895033-10	1999	As the measurement of the urinary ratio of 5-hydroxy-tryptophol to 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid could detect alcohol consumption immediately prior to operation, this marker could assist the carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in screening for patients with high-level dependency; these patients were considered to be at a high risk of developing intercurrent complications.	Carbohydrates	191-203	transferrin	Homo sapiens	214-225
10028376-9	1999	Carbohydrate intake affected serum T3-response to glucose ingestion and the response was closely related to glucose tolerance in lean NIDDM patients.	Carbohydrates	0-12	anon-84Fb	Drosophila melanogaster	35-37
9895351-0	1999	Absolute or relative measurement of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in serum?	Carbohydrates	36-48	transferrin	Homo sapiens	59-70
9920138-0	1999	Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism during various growth hormone dosing regimens in girls with Turner syndrome.	Carbohydrates	0-12	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	49-63
10494029-7	1999	Cell carbohydrate metabolism was assessed by measuring rates of glucose consumption and lactate production, respectively, and by determination of specific activities of the key glycolytic enzymes hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), pyruvate kinase (PK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).	Carbohydrates	5-17	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	208-210
10453333-4	1999	A novel approach to minimize insulin resistance after surgery is being presented and suggests that simply pretreating the elective surgical patient with sufficient amounts of carbohydrates instead of fasting can significantly reduce postoperative insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	175-188	insulin	Homo sapiens	29-36
9914529-5	1999	Therefore, the stability difference between RNase A and RNase B derivatives is attributed to the first carbohydrate unit.	Carbohydrates	103-115	ribonuclease pancreatic	Bos taurus	44-51
10545750-1	1999	To elucidate the mechanism of the type 2 carbohydrate chain accompanying the development of endometrial cancer, we studied the expression of beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta-1,4GT) in normal endometrial and endometrial cancer tissues.	Carbohydrates	41-53	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 1	Homo sapiens	173-183
10545750-4	1999	Our results suggest that the increase of beta-1,4GT contributes to the expression of the type 2 carbohydrate chain in endometrial cancer.	Carbohydrates	96-108	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 1	Homo sapiens	41-51
9893198-0	1999	IgE-binding and histamine-release capabilities of the main carbohydrate component isolated from the major allergen of olive tree pollen, Ole e 1.	Carbohydrates	59-71	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	0-3
9893198-3	1999	It is a glycoprotein whose carbohydrate moiety is involved in an IgE-binding epitope responsible for cross-reactivity among plant glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	27-39	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	65-68
9893198-7	1999	Sera of patients who are allergic to olive pollen and sera sensitive to Ole e 1 have been used in dot blotting assays of IgE binding to the isolated carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	149-161	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	121-124
9893198-10	1999	Free carbohydrate was able to bind IgE from sera of patients allergic to olive pollen; the sera of 65% of these patients contained anticarbohydrate reacting IgE, and 100% of those patients were sensitive to Ole e 1.	Carbohydrates	5-17	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	35-38
9893198-10	1999	Free carbohydrate was able to bind IgE from sera of patients allergic to olive pollen; the sera of 65% of these patients contained anticarbohydrate reacting IgE, and 100% of those patients were sensitive to Ole e 1.	Carbohydrates	5-17	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	157-160
9893198-12	1999	CONCLUSION: The carbohydrate moieties of allergenic glycoproteins can constitute significant determinants on the binding to IgE of the sera from patients who are hypersensitive and can be responsible for inducing histamine release from blood cells.	Carbohydrates	16-28	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	124-127
10048159-8	1999	However, rats infused with the carbohydrate-deficient diet had a 4-fold increase in serum ALT levels (p &lt; 0.05), an unexpectedly high (34-fold) induction of hepatic microsomal CYP2E1 apoprotein (p &lt; 0.001), and focal necrosis.	Carbohydrates	31-43	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	179-185
10325541-5	1999	If 6- to 10-nm particles corresponded to the carbohydrate moiety of rhodopsin, concanavalin A binding might tend to preserve this carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	45-57	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	68-77
10325541-5	1999	If 6- to 10-nm particles corresponded to the carbohydrate moiety of rhodopsin, concanavalin A binding might tend to preserve this carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	130-142	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	68-77
10554571-1	1999	The metabolic changes in carbohydrate metabolism lead to steadily increasing of insulin resistance during normal pregnancy.	Carbohydrates	25-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	80-87
10048159-9	1999	The strong positive association between low dietary carbohydrate, enhanced CYP2E1 induction and hepatic necrosis suggests that in the presence of low carbohydrate intake, ethanol induction of CYP2E1 is enhanced to levels sufficient to cause necrosis, possibly through reactive oxygen species and other free radicals generated by CYP2E1 metabolism of ethanol and unsaturated fatty acids.	Carbohydrates	52-64	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	192-198
10048159-9	1999	The strong positive association between low dietary carbohydrate, enhanced CYP2E1 induction and hepatic necrosis suggests that in the presence of low carbohydrate intake, ethanol induction of CYP2E1 is enhanced to levels sufficient to cause necrosis, possibly through reactive oxygen species and other free radicals generated by CYP2E1 metabolism of ethanol and unsaturated fatty acids.	Carbohydrates	150-162	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	192-198
10048159-9	1999	The strong positive association between low dietary carbohydrate, enhanced CYP2E1 induction and hepatic necrosis suggests that in the presence of low carbohydrate intake, ethanol induction of CYP2E1 is enhanced to levels sufficient to cause necrosis, possibly through reactive oxygen species and other free radicals generated by CYP2E1 metabolism of ethanol and unsaturated fatty acids.	Carbohydrates	150-162	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	192-198
10048159-9	1999	The strong positive association between low dietary carbohydrate, enhanced CYP2E1 induction and hepatic necrosis suggests that in the presence of low carbohydrate intake, ethanol induction of CYP2E1 is enhanced to levels sufficient to cause necrosis, possibly through reactive oxygen species and other free radicals generated by CYP2E1 metabolism of ethanol and unsaturated fatty acids.	Carbohydrates	52-64	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	192-198
10209867-1	1998	The carbohydrate specificity of the two enzymes that catalyze the metabolic interconversions in the sorbitol pathway, aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase, has been examined through the use of fluoro- and deoxy-substrate analogs.	Carbohydrates	4-16	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B	Homo sapiens	118-134
10097296-5	1999	Patients with essential hypertension and marked hyperinsulinemia (insulin exceeded 12.7 mcU/ml) had manifest metabolic syndrome (hypertension, obesity, disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism and hypertriglyceridemia), hyperactivity of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, elevated diastolic arterial pressure, remodelling of left ventricular myocardium with development of its concentric hypertrophy and impairment of the diastolic function.	Carbohydrates	167-179	insulin	Homo sapiens	53-60
10209867-1	1998	The carbohydrate specificity of the two enzymes that catalyze the metabolic interconversions in the sorbitol pathway, aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase, has been examined through the use of fluoro- and deoxy-substrate analogs.	Carbohydrates	4-16	sorbitol dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	139-161
9884141-1	1998	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) has received increasing attention as a potential biological marker for heavy drinking or as an objective marker of relapse in patients who are treated for alcohol dependence.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
9889493-17	1998	Diagnosis is based on the serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin level, verified by isoelectric focusing.	Carbohydrates	32-44	transferrin	Homo sapiens	55-66
9884134-0	1998	Comparison of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, immunoglobulin A antibodies reactive with acetaldehyde-modified protein and acetaldehyde-modified albumin with conventional markers of alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	14-26	transferrin	Homo sapiens	37-48
9930628-9	1998	However, endogenous vasopressin exercises an influential role in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in normotensive rats.	Carbohydrates	65-77	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	20-31
9884134-1	1998	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) has emerged as the best new marker for alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
9884140-0	1998	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin as a marker of change in alcohol intake in men drinking 20 to 60 g of alcohol per day.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
9884140-1	1998	We evaluated carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GT) as markers of alcohol intake and change in alcohol intake in white Australian men aged 20 to 63 years who regularly drank 20 to 60 g of alcohol/day (2 to 6 standard drinks), either as weekend (n = 14) or daily drinkers (n = 41).	Carbohydrates	13-25	transferrin	Homo sapiens	36-47
9884141-0	1998	Clinical correlations with carbohydrate-deficient transferrin levels in women with alcoholism.	Carbohydrates	27-39	transferrin	Homo sapiens	50-61
9852781-7	1998	These findings establish the basis of MSn performed on a quadrupole ion trap instrument for elucidating structures of large carbohydrates, which can be virtually degraded in the mass spectrometer into smaller entities in one or several steps.	Carbohydrates	124-137	moesin	Homo sapiens	38-41
9836524-1	1998	It is increasingly recognized that alterations in non-insulin-mediated glucose uptake (NIMGU) play an important pathogenic role in disorders of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	144-156	insulin	Homo sapiens	54-61
9881888-7	1998	RESULTS: Plasma insulin responses increased nearly linearly as carbohydrate intake increased from 0 to 100 g, but glycaemic responses increased by only 68% and 38% as carbohydrate intake increased from 25 to 50 g and 50 to 100g, respectively.	Carbohydrates	63-75	insulin	Homo sapiens	16-23
9881888-10	1998	CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that, in normal subjects, as carbohydrate intake is increased from 0 to 100 g, plasma insulin responses increase at a greater rate than plasma glucose responses.	Carbohydrates	58-70	insulin	Homo sapiens	115-122
26971896-1	1998	We performed a retrospective evaluation of the use of carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) in a general hospital, for diagnosing alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	54-66	transferrin	Homo sapiens	77-88
9883660-0	1998	[Biological roles of HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope in the nervous system].	Carbohydrates	27-39	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	21-26
9853539-7	1998	CONCLUSION: A low carbohydrate, caloricly-restricted diet has beneficial short-term effects in subjects with type 2 who have failed either diet or sulfonylurea therapy and may obviate the necessity for insulin.	Carbohydrates	18-30	insulin	Homo sapiens	202-209
29711149-1	1998	A single disaccharide building block is required to obtain synthetic carbohydrates that reproduce the anticoagulant activity of heparin and inhibit thrombin (n&gt;6) and/or factor Xa (n&gt;=2; see reaction scheme).	Carbohydrates	69-82	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	148-156
9872356-0	1998	Semi-automated carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in primary biliary cirrhosis: a pilot study.	Carbohydrates	15-27	transferrin	Homo sapiens	38-49
9846814-4	1998	Monoclonal antibodies to P0 and to the carbohydrate epitope HNK-1 did not recognize the 36-kDa protein, and the human anti-36-kDa antibodies did not bind to P0.	Carbohydrates	39-51	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	60-65
9835300-0	1998	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin: diagnostic efficiency among patients with end-stage liver disease before and after liver transplantation.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
9835300-1	1998	We tested the diagnostic validity of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) as an indicator for relapse into elevated alcohol consumption among patients who were examined under follow-up treatment before (n = 147) and after (n = 102) orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in the outpatient-department of the University Hospital Department of Surgery in Hamburg-Eppendorf.	Carbohydrates	37-49	transferrin	Homo sapiens	60-71
9872356-1	1998	Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is one of the few non-alcohol induced liver pathologies which causes false positive results in the evaluation of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) for the diagnosis of alcohol misuse.	Carbohydrates	145-157	transferrin	Homo sapiens	168-179
9872357-0	1998	Elevated carbohydrate-deficient transferrin predicts prolonged intensive care unit stay in traumatized men.	Carbohydrates	9-21	transferrin	Homo sapiens	32-43
9872357-1	1998	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is reported to have a higher specificity in alcoholism than conventional markers.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
9924262-4	1998	The higher-carbohydrate meal induced significantly higher insulin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide responses (P = 0.0009 and P = 0.0041 respectively).	Carbohydrates	11-23	insulin	Homo sapiens	58-65
9924262-4	1998	The higher-carbohydrate meal induced significantly higher insulin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide responses (P = 0.0009 and P = 0.0041 respectively).	Carbohydrates	11-23	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	70-114
9848666-2	1998	Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) glycoforms, defined as AFP with different chemical structures of carbohydrate, were analyzed by affinity electrophoresis with several lectins of known specificities against complex-type oligosaccharides.	Carbohydrates	89-101	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	0-17
10565409-1	1998	This review considers recent findings and ideas on the impact of dietary carbohydrates on insulin sensitivity in the context of the prevention of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.	Carbohydrates	73-86	insulin	Homo sapiens	90-97
10565409-4	1998	We conclude that reducing the rate of carbohydrate digestion in the small bowel may be the key stage at which to intervene to reduce insulinaemia and so prevent downregulation of insulin receptors and insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	38-50	insulin	Homo sapiens	133-140
10565409-4	1998	We conclude that reducing the rate of carbohydrate digestion in the small bowel may be the key stage at which to intervene to reduce insulinaemia and so prevent downregulation of insulin receptors and insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	38-50	insulin	Homo sapiens	179-186
9870409-0	1998	Optimized determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin isoforms in serum by capillary zone electrophoresis.	Carbohydrates	27-39	transferrin	Homo sapiens	50-61
9870409-1	1998	Carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) is one of the most reliable markers of chronic alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
9833908-1	1998	BACKGROUND/AIMS: Dietary carbohydrate intake during ethanol ingestion augments the induction of hepatic cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) by ethanol.	Carbohydrates	25-37	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	104-123
9751792-0	1998	Expression of N-linked sialyl Le(x) determinants and O-glycans in the carbohydrate moiety of human amniotic fluid transferrin during pregnancy.	Carbohydrates	70-82	transferrin	Homo sapiens	114-125
9845848-2	1998	These antibody activities have been demonstrated to react with a carbohydrate epitope known as the HNK-1 or sulfoglucuronic acid (SGA) epitope.	Carbohydrates	65-77	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	99-104
10028478-12	1998	The presence of IgE against carbohydrate structures was determined by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) after periodate treatment of kiwi extract.	Carbohydrates	28-40	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	16-19
10028478-15	1998	In accordance with the results of sodium periodate treatment, significant levels of anti-cross-reactive carbohydrate determinant IgE were found in sera from patients allergic to both kiwi and birch pollen.	Carbohydrates	104-116	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	129-132
9833908-1	1998	BACKGROUND/AIMS: Dietary carbohydrate intake during ethanol ingestion augments the induction of hepatic cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) by ethanol.	Carbohydrates	25-37	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	125-131
9833908-6	1998	The ethanol-containing low-carbohydrate diet caused a marked increase in the activity of hepatic CYP2E1.	Carbohydrates	27-39	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	97-103
9833908-9	1998	CONCLUSIONS: Dietary carbohydrate intake plays an important role in the development of alcoholic fatty liver by affecting CYP2E1 activity in the liver.	Carbohydrates	21-33	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	122-128
9760227-0	1998	Structural basis for the recognition of carbohydrates by human galectin-7.	Carbohydrates	40-53	galectin 7	Homo sapiens	63-73
9839924-1	1998	Several strategies were investigated for phage display of anti-carbohydrate single-chain Fvs (scFvs) using the anti-Salmonella Se155-4 scFv as a model system.	Carbohydrates	63-75	immunglobulin heavy chain variable region	Homo sapiens	94-98
9760227-6	1998	The monomeric hGal-7 molecule exists as a dimer in the crystals, but adopts a packing arrangement considerably different from that of Gal-1 and Gal-2, which has implications for carbohydrate recognition.	Carbohydrates	178-190	galectin 7	Homo sapiens	14-20
9807725-10	1998	The changes described were interpreted as alterations of the carbohydrate content, with or without fucosylation, of some haptoglobin fractions.	Carbohydrates	61-73	haptoglobin	Canis lupus familiaris	121-132
9801791-4	1998	The replacement of Trp53 by alanine resulted in a complete loss of the haemagglutinating activity, suggesting that the tryptophan residue in the heptapeptide sequence is essential for carbohydrate binding.	Carbohydrates	184-196	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	19-24
9810690-1	1998	Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) was acylated with various acyl azides (2a-j) in pH 9.1 buffer to give AVP derivatives (11a-j) modified at the tyrosine side chain with a carbohydrate via a spacer arm.	Carbohydrates	164-176	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	0-20
9810690-1	1998	Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) was acylated with various acyl azides (2a-j) in pH 9.1 buffer to give AVP derivatives (11a-j) modified at the tyrosine side chain with a carbohydrate via a spacer arm.	Carbohydrates	164-176	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	22-25
9719680-13	1998	The carbohydrate chains present on SPACR could also provide sites for extensive crosslinking and participate in the formation of the ordered IPM lattice that surrounds the elongate photoreceptors projecting from the outer retinal surface.	Carbohydrates	4-16	interphotoreceptor matrix proteoglycan 1	Homo sapiens	35-40
9761244-0	1998	Intra- and interindividual variability of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and mean corpuscular volume in teetotalers.	Carbohydrates	42-54	transferrin	Homo sapiens	65-76
9761274-0	1998	Diurnal variability and in vitro stability of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin.	Carbohydrates	46-58	transferrin	Homo sapiens	69-80
10211704-6	1998	Since lysozyme is not structurally related to glycoproteins bearing carbohydrate with N-acetyllactosamine repeats, we propose that in multivalent substrates the synthesis of the repeats can be promoted by a proper spacing of the elongated carbohydrate antennae in addition to any role of the protein backbone.	Carbohydrates	239-251	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	6-14
9781632-10	1998	Infusion of insulin-counteracting hormones at high doses allows simulation of the changes in carbohydrate metabolism observed in PAM in healthy subjects.	Carbohydrates	93-105	insulin	Homo sapiens	12-19
9800516-9	1998	The GlcAT-P cDNA obtained in this study will be a useful molecular tool to open the way for further steps in the elucidation of the biological function of the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope in the development of the nervous system.	Carbohydrates	165-177	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	4-11
9800516-9	1998	The GlcAT-P cDNA obtained in this study will be a useful molecular tool to open the way for further steps in the elucidation of the biological function of the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope in the development of the nervous system.	Carbohydrates	165-177	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	159-164
9811195-0	1998	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin is not affected by serum separators.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
9738008-9	1998	It also has characteristics of an HSPG, such as long heparitinase-sensitive carbohydrate chains and a highly negative net charge.	Carbohydrates	76-88	agrin	Gallus gallus	34-38
9738714-2	1998	STUDY DESIGN: Two new markers of alcohol use, whole blood-associated acetaldehyde and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, and 2 traditional markers of alcohol use, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and mean red blood cell volume, were measured in the blood of pregnant women.	Carbohydrates	86-98	transferrin	Homo sapiens	109-120
9972287-2	1998	Glucose, mannose, fructose, glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone all at 8 mM, significantly enhanced the release of insulin elicited by basal concentrations of these carbohydrates (2 mM).	Carbohydrates	165-178	insulin	Homo sapiens	115-122
9725224-2	1998	Previous studies have suggested that carbohydrates are involved in the recognition of class I MHC by Ly-49, although their precise role remains unclear.	Carbohydrates	37-50	killer cell lectin-like receptor, subfamily A	Mus musculus	101-106
9725224-3	1998	Here, we examined the role of asparagine-linked carbohydrates of the murine class I MHC in the binding to Ly-49A and Ly-49C.	Carbohydrates	48-61	killer cell lectin-like receptor, subfamily A, member 1	Mus musculus	106-112
9734735-0	1998	Interaction of insulin, glucagon-like peptide 1, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, and appetite in response to intraduodenal carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	123-135	insulin	Homo sapiens	15-22
9734735-0	1998	Interaction of insulin, glucagon-like peptide 1, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, and appetite in response to intraduodenal carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	123-135	glucagon	Homo sapiens	24-47
9734735-0	1998	Interaction of insulin, glucagon-like peptide 1, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, and appetite in response to intraduodenal carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	123-135	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	49-79
9725224-8	1998	These results suggest that, while carbohydrates linked to residue 176 seem to function as a part of the ligand structure for the Ly-49 family of NK receptors, there are additional structural features involved in this recognition.	Carbohydrates	34-47	killer cell lectin-like receptor, subfamily A	Mus musculus	129-134
9712863-12	1998	Induction of the SREBP transgene in the liver with a low carbohydrate diet resulted in a 3-fold increase in plasma CETP activity in NFR-CETP/SREBP transgenic mice, but there was no significant change in activity in MUT1-CETP/SREBP transgenic mice.	Carbohydrates	57-69	cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens	115-119
9718108-0	1998	Female alcoholic outpatients and female college students: a correlational study of self-reported alcohol consumption and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin levels.	Carbohydrates	121-133	transferrin	Homo sapiens	144-155
9778106-4	1998	GP-1 binds to a lysosomal protein, and GP-2 to a carbohydrate epitope of the cell membrane and lysosomes.	Carbohydrates	49-61	glycoprotein 2	Homo sapiens	39-43
9764731-0	1998	Reported alcohol consumption and the serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin test in third-year medical students.	Carbohydrates	43-55	transferrin	Homo sapiens	66-77
9764731-1	1998	The serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) test was performed on 143 third-year medical students along with questionnaires for the self-reporting of alcohol consumption during the last 2 weeks, the last 6 months, and questions on any alcohol-related untoward events.	Carbohydrates	10-22	transferrin	Homo sapiens	33-44
9748512-0	1998	Neuropeptide Y in relation to carbohydrate intake, corticosterone and dietary obesity.	Carbohydrates	30-42	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	0-14
9748512-9	1998	An association between NPY and adiposity in these dietary conditions is indicated by significantly higher levels of NPY in the medial PVN in rats with high body fat, whether consuming a high-carbohydrate of high-fat diet.	Carbohydrates	191-203	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	23-26
9748512-10	1998	This evidence, linking NPY to carbohydrate intake and circulating CORT, suggests a role for this peptide in glucose homeostasis that is normally exhibited under conditions when carbohydrate stores are low.	Carbohydrates	30-42	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	23-26
9748512-1	1998	Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is known to stimulate eating behavior and to be related to behavioral patterns of carbohydrate ingestion.	Carbohydrates	103-115	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	0-14
9748512-10	1998	This evidence, linking NPY to carbohydrate intake and circulating CORT, suggests a role for this peptide in glucose homeostasis that is normally exhibited under conditions when carbohydrate stores are low.	Carbohydrates	177-189	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	23-26
9748512-1	1998	Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is known to stimulate eating behavior and to be related to behavioral patterns of carbohydrate ingestion.	Carbohydrates	103-115	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	16-19
9748512-4	1998	These studies consistently demonstrated a close association between the ingestion of carbohydrate and NPY levels, specifically in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and medial portion of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus.	Carbohydrates	85-97	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	102-105
9748512-5	1998	In addition to revealing increased NPY activity in animals that naturally select high carbohydrate when given a choice of macronutrients, a single diet with 65% carbohydrate (10% fat), compared to a control diet with 45% carbohydrate (30% fat), significantly potentiates NPY gene expression and NPY-immunoreactivity, as determined by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry.	Carbohydrates	86-98	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	35-38
9748512-7	1998	Studies of medial hypothalamic fragments in vitro also reveal enhanced NPY release from hypothalamic tissue taken from rats maintained on high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	143-155	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	71-74
9685363-3	1998	In the liver, USF binding activity is mainly accounted for by the USF1/USF2 heterodimer, which binds in vitro the glucose/carbohydrate response elements (GlRE/ChoRE) of glucose-responsive genes.	Carbohydrates	122-134	upstream transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	66-70
9767355-0	1998	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin is not a useful marker for the detection of chronic alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
9726272-0	1998	Does carbohydrate-deficient transferrin predict the severity of alcohol withdrawal syndrome?	Carbohydrates	5-17	transferrin	Homo sapiens	28-39
9726272-6	1998	The most promising laboratory parameter indicating a recent elevated alcohol consumption is carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT).	Carbohydrates	92-104	transferrin	Homo sapiens	115-126
9704236-0	1998	Effect of dietary carbohydrate on the glucose and insulin response to mixed caloric intake and exercise in both nonpregnant and pregnant women.	Carbohydrates	18-30	insulin	Homo sapiens	50-57
9704236-1	1998	The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that a woman"s dietary carbohydrate mix modifies the glucose and insulin response to both mixed caloric intake and exercise.	Carbohydrates	78-90	insulin	Homo sapiens	120-127
9767355-1	1998	BACKGROUND: The role of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) as a reliable marker for the detection of chronic alcohol abuse has been discussed controversially.	Carbohydrates	24-36	transferrin	Homo sapiens	47-58
9653197-7	1998	Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isozyme 4 inhibits carbohydrate oxidation and depresses metabolism by preventing the conversion of pyruvate to Ac-CoA.	Carbohydrates	49-61	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4	Homo sapiens	0-39
9745933-7	1998	They were carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), and mean cell volume (MCV).	Carbohydrates	10-22	transferrin	Homo sapiens	33-44
9710660-9	1998	Level 3, or advanced, is designed to teach clients with type 1 diabetes who are using multiple daily injections or insulin infusion pumps how to match short-acting insulin to carbohydrate using carbohydrate-to-insulin ratios.	Carbohydrates	175-187	insulin	Homo sapiens	115-122
9710660-9	1998	Level 3, or advanced, is designed to teach clients with type 1 diabetes who are using multiple daily injections or insulin infusion pumps how to match short-acting insulin to carbohydrate using carbohydrate-to-insulin ratios.	Carbohydrates	194-206	insulin	Homo sapiens	115-122
10819518-3	1998	The biosynthesis of the precursor carbohydrate unit of these proteins is initiated by a stepwise assembly of Glc3Man9GlcNAc2P-P-Dol in the dolichol cycle, its transfer en bloc to the nascent polypeptide in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), followed by excision of the glucosyl residues by processing-specific enzymes, glucosidase I and II, also resident in the endoplasmic reticulum.	Carbohydrates	34-46	mannosyl-oligosaccharide glucosidase	Homo sapiens	323-343
9797856-1	1998	OBJECTIVE: Growth hormone (GH) has well known effects on carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	57-69	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	11-25
9797856-2	1998	We have evaluated the effects of long-term growth hormone (GH) therapy on carbohydrate metabolism in children with classical GH deficiency (GHD) or GH neurosecretory dysfunction (GHND).	Carbohydrates	74-86	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	43-57
9649426-8	1998	These results suggest that Msn2p/Msn4p-dependent gene expression may account for all, or at least most, of the pleiotropic effects of yeast PKA, including growth regulation, response to stress and carbohydrate store accumulation.	Carbohydrates	197-209	stress-responsive transcriptional activator MSN4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	33-38
9797856-0	1998	Effect of long-term growth hormone treatment on carbohydrate metabolism in children with growth hormone deficiency.	Carbohydrates	48-60	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	20-34
9686701-10	1998	When switching from conventional soluble to lispro insulin, reduction of snack carbohydrates is safe and results in slightly improved HbA1c in patients who are fully compliant with the dietary change.	Carbohydrates	79-92	insulin	Homo sapiens	51-58
9694587-1	1998	The generation of reactive aldehydes on the carbohydrate moieties of the human serum transferrin was performed by a derivatization procedure based on the mild oxidation with sodium periodate and subsequent reaction with peroxidase hydrazide.	Carbohydrates	44-56	transferrin	Homo sapiens	85-96
9684262-3	1998	More complex or slowly absorbed carbohydrates may also reduce glycemic index and insulin production and therefore may have a less profound effect on modification of lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	32-45	insulin	Homo sapiens	81-88
9660318-2	1998	The present study examined the diagnostic value of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in detecting early-phase heavy drinkers for brief intervention treatment in primary health care.	Carbohydrates	51-63	transferrin	Homo sapiens	74-85
9592206-1	1998	Carrageenans, a family of polysulphated carbohydrates, are able to inhibit the binding to cells of growth factors such as transforming growth factor 1 (TGF 1), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and so modulate cell invasion and proliferation.	Carbohydrates	40-53	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	160-186
9660318-0	1998	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and conventional alcohol markers as indicators for brief intervention among heavy drinkers in primary health care.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
9713570-1	1998	OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of long-term growth hormone (GH) treatment on lipid metabolism and carbohydrate tolerance in GH-deficient adults.	Carbohydrates	99-111	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	45-59
9713570-1	1998	OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of long-term growth hormone (GH) treatment on lipid metabolism and carbohydrate tolerance in GH-deficient adults.	Carbohydrates	99-111	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	61-63
9625044-1	1998	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) has been suggested as a specific marker of alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
9596739-10	1998	The direct parasitocidal activity of rmTNF-alpha was inhibited by carbohydrates and monoclonal antibodies specific for the lectin-like domain of TNF-alpha.	Carbohydrates	66-79	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	39-48
9592206-1	1998	Carrageenans, a family of polysulphated carbohydrates, are able to inhibit the binding to cells of growth factors such as transforming growth factor 1 (TGF 1), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and so modulate cell invasion and proliferation.	Carbohydrates	40-53	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	188-193
9694422-4	1998	The addition of protein to a carbohydrate supplement may also increase the rate of glycogen storage due to the ability of protein and carbohydrate to act synergistically on insulin secretion.	Carbohydrates	29-41	insulin	Homo sapiens	173-180
9695022-3	1998	Mpl-ligand consists of two domains; a carbohydrate-rich domain and an amino-terminal domain which displays homology to erythropoietin and is fully active.	Carbohydrates	38-50	thrombopoietin	Homo sapiens	0-10
9694422-4	1998	The addition of protein to a carbohydrate supplement may also increase the rate of glycogen storage due to the ability of protein and carbohydrate to act synergistically on insulin secretion.	Carbohydrates	134-146	insulin	Homo sapiens	173-180
9669548-9	1998	In the proposed model heparin bridges the two bFGF monomers in a specific orientation and the resulting complex induces FGF receptor dimerization, suggesting that in the oligosaccharide induced recognition process sugars orient the molecules in a way that brings about specific protein-protein or protein-carbohydrate interactions.	Carbohydrates	305-317	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	46-50
9626116-0	1998	Ovarian hyperandrogenism is associated with insulin resistance to both peripheral carbohydrate and whole-body protein metabolism in postpubertal young females: a metabolic study.	Carbohydrates	82-94	insulin	Homo sapiens	44-51
9606139-4	1998	In unique contrast, however, the qIT extended carbohydrate understanding through multistep mass spectrometric (MSn) studies providing for the first time pyran cross-ring cleavages that define the interresidue linkage structure for glycolipids.	Carbohydrates	46-58	moesin	Homo sapiens	111-114
19087457-8	1998	The low glycaemic index of their carbohydrate foods, however, would generate a relatively low demand for insulin secretion and this characteristic may have protected AA from a genetic predisposition to insulin resistance and its consequences (non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, obesity).	Carbohydrates	33-45	insulin	Homo sapiens	105-112
9700431-2	1998	DIAS is based on a model of the human carbohydrate metabolism and is designed an interactive clinical tool, which can be used to predict the effects of changes in insulin dose or food intake on the blood glucose concentration in patients with insulin dependent diabetes.	Carbohydrates	38-50	insulin	Homo sapiens	163-170
9622440-0	1998	Usefulness of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in alcoholic patients with normal gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase.	Carbohydrates	14-26	transferrin	Homo sapiens	37-48
9622440-3	1998	Stibler showed an increase in desialylated transferrin [carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT)] in alcoholic patients.	Carbohydrates	56-68	transferrin	Homo sapiens	43-54
9622440-3	1998	Stibler showed an increase in desialylated transferrin [carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT)] in alcoholic patients.	Carbohydrates	56-68	transferrin	Homo sapiens	79-90
9635098-0	1998	Carbohydrate deficient transferrin measurement.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
9635112-0	1998	Increased gamma-glutamyltransferase in hypertriglyceridaemia: the value of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin measurement.	Carbohydrates	75-87	transferrin	Homo sapiens	98-109
9590391-0	1998	Evaluation of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin.	Carbohydrates	14-26	transferrin	Homo sapiens	37-48
9700432-6	1998	The estimated parameters allow the system to be potentially used as a diagnostic tool to identify abnormalities of carbohydrate metabolism: impaired insulin secretion, insulin resistance and the severity of the impairments.	Carbohydrates	115-127	insulin	Homo sapiens	149-156
9620355-4	1998	A number of analytical approaches have been developed recently to allow a detailed analysis of the carbohydrate structures associated with IFN-gamma, the principal advances being in the areas of capillary electrophoresis and mass spectrometry.	Carbohydrates	99-111	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	139-148
9641357-0	1998	Carbohydrate deficient transferrin in the assessment of alcohol misuse: absolute or relative measurements?	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
9618127-10	1998	Insulin"s satiation properties, which could well be mediated by other hormones, may represent a primary factor of food intake regulation after meals relatively high in carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	168-180	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
9617801-6	1998	The xylose isomerase system enables the transgenic cells to utilize xylose as a carbohydrate source.	Carbohydrates	80-92	xylose isomerase	Solanum lycopersicum	4-20
9588205-0	1998	Presence of polysialic acid and HNK-1 carbohydrate on brain glycoproteins from beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase-knockout mice.	Carbohydrates	38-50	UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	79-109
9588205-2	1998	Targeted inactivation of the mouse beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta-1,4-GalT) gene resulted in short life of the mice which supposedly do not have such carbohydrate antigens but have no defects in neural tissue formation.	Carbohydrates	156-168	UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	35-65
9588205-2	1998	Targeted inactivation of the mouse beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta-1,4-GalT) gene resulted in short life of the mice which supposedly do not have such carbohydrate antigens but have no defects in neural tissue formation.	Carbohydrates	156-168	UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	67-80
9641357-2	1998	Carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) is now accepted as a potentially useful marker for the detection of alcohol misuse.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
9599017-5	1998	These results provide new tools for further studies on carbohydrate recognition by NKR-P1A.	Carbohydrates	55-67	killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B, member 1A	Rattus norvegicus	83-90
9587405-1	1998	Human blood coagulation factor VII has unique carbohydrate moieties O-glycosidically linked to serine 52 and serine 60 residues in its first epidermal growth factor-like domain.	Carbohydrates	46-58	coagulation factor VII	Homo sapiens	12-34
9531616-10	1998	Addition of some selectin-binding carbohydrates (fucoidan or soluble SLEx analogs but not dextran sulfate) to the platelets caused rolling neutrophils to immediately adhere, an event that was not observed on histamine or thrombin-treated endothelium or P-selectin transfectants.	Carbohydrates	34-47	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	221-229
26734825-0	1998	Carbohydrate deficient transferrin in alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver disease: a comparison of two assay methods.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
26734825-1	1998	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) was assayed in 105 patients with non-alcohol-related liver diseases, 50 patients with alcohol-induced liver disease and 40 alcohol misusers with minimal hepatic dysfunction.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
10205319-0	1998	Preoperative oral carbohydrate administration reduces postoperative insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	18-30	insulin	Homo sapiens	68-75
9604313-10	1998	Mass spectrometry showed that attractin is 21 wt.% carbohydrate as the result of N-linked glycosylation.	Carbohydrates	51-63	attractin	Homo sapiens	30-39
10205319-1	1998	UNLABELLED: Infusions of carbohydrates before surgery reduce postoperative insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	25-38	insulin	Homo sapiens	75-82
10205319-13	1998	CONCLUSIONS: Patients given a carbohydrate drink shortly before elective colorectal surgery displayed less reduced insulin sensitivity after surgery as compared to patients who were operated after an overnight fast.	Carbohydrates	30-42	insulin	Homo sapiens	115-122
9657263-7	1998	Because the binding of antibodies is greatly reduced by periodate treatment of gp200 and by the 120-kDa polypeptide, it is very likely that their carbohydrate moieties are the antigenic determinants against which the specific human antibodies are directed.	Carbohydrates	146-158	podocalyxin like	Homo sapiens	79-84
9499389-1	1998	Polysialic acid is a developmentally regulated carbohydrate attached to the neural cell adhesion molecule, N-CAM, and abundant in embryonic tissues.	Carbohydrates	47-59	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	107-112
9555658-8	1998	Because the hepatic receptor presents avidity for the carbohydrates of IgA1, a protein deposited in the glomerulus of patients with IgA nephropathy, the interaction of IgA1 with the mesangial ASGP-R was explored.	Carbohydrates	54-67	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	192-198
9562242-11	1998	The electrophoretic mobility of the band of alkaline phosphatase on cellulose acetate gels increased as a function of the incubation time and the glycosylating power of the carbohydrate used.	Carbohydrates	173-185	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	44-64
9531277-4	1998	In TAP1-deficient mice, both forms undergo carbohydrate processing and are expressed on the cell surface, suggesting that they may traffic using a pathway not requiring a TAP association step.	Carbohydrates	43-55	transporter 1, ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP)	Mus musculus	3-6
9520469-5	1998	However, microbial attachment in transgenic mice resulted in production of autoantibodies to Lewisx carbohydrate epitopes shared by bacteria and acid-secreting parietal cells, chronic gastritis, and parietal cell loss.	Carbohydrates	100-112	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	93-99
9587963-11	1998	CONCLUSIONS: Together these results suggest that the greater biological activity of IFN-beta-1a is due to a stabilizing effect of the carbohydrate on structure.	Carbohydrates	134-146	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	84-87
9540949-8	1998	Fewer subjects in the low-carbohydrate group required the addition of insulin for glucose control (P &lt; .047; relative risk [RR] 0.14; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.02, 1.00).	Carbohydrates	26-38	insulin	Homo sapiens	70-77
9540949-11	1998	CONCLUSION: Carbohydrate restriction in patients with diet-controlled GDM results in improved glycemic control, less need for insulin therapy, a decrease in the incidence LGA infants, and a decrease in cesarean deliveries for cephalopelvic disproportion and macrosomia.	Carbohydrates	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	126-133
9559545-1	1998	Human alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) is a major serine protease inhibitor in plasma, secreted as a glycoprotein with a complex type of carbohydrate at three asparagine residues.	Carbohydrates	137-149	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	6-25
9560971-3	1998	The level of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) was found to be a valuable marker of alcohol consumption, and a useful adjunct to the measurement of liver enzymes.	Carbohydrates	13-25	transferrin	Homo sapiens	36-47
9546665-0	1998	Localization of carbohydrate chains of pig sperm ligand in the glycoprotein ZPB of egg zona pellucida.	Carbohydrates	16-28	zona pellucida glycoprotein 4	Sus scrofa	76-79
9546665-3	1998	Intact ZPB and ZPC cannot be separated from each other unless acidic N-acetyllactosamine regions of their carbohydrate chains are removed by endo-beta-galactosidase digestion.	Carbohydrates	106-118	zona pellucida glycoprotein 4	Sus scrofa	7-10
9546665-12	1998	These results suggest that the carbohydrate chains linked to Asn220 of ZPB participate predominantly in sperm-egg binding.	Carbohydrates	31-43	zona pellucida glycoprotein 4	Sus scrofa	71-74
9545549-0	1998	Identification of carbohydrate deficient transferrin forms by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and lectin ELISABiochim Biophys Acta 1998 Aug 24;1381(3):356.	Carbohydrates	18-30	transferrin	Homo sapiens	41-52
9545549-4	1998	Further analysis of the isolated transferrin forms by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay with different digoxigenylated lectins (lectin ELISA) revealed that the main carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) forms are lacking either one or both of the N-Glycan chains.	Carbohydrates	261-273	transferrin	Homo sapiens	33-44
9559545-1	1998	Human alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) is a major serine protease inhibitor in plasma, secreted as a glycoprotein with a complex type of carbohydrate at three asparagine residues.	Carbohydrates	137-149	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	27-37
9559545-3	1998	The partial digestion of the recombinant alpha 1-AT with endoglycosidase H and the expression in the mnn9 deletion mutant of S. cerevisiae showed that the recombinant alpha 1-AT secreted in S. cerevisiae was heterogeneous, consisting of molecules containing core carbohydrates on either two or all three asparagine residues.	Carbohydrates	263-276	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	41-51
9559545-3	1998	The partial digestion of the recombinant alpha 1-AT with endoglycosidase H and the expression in the mnn9 deletion mutant of S. cerevisiae showed that the recombinant alpha 1-AT secreted in S. cerevisiae was heterogeneous, consisting of molecules containing core carbohydrates on either two or all three asparagine residues.	Carbohydrates	263-276	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	167-177
9554084-0	1998	Generation of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin by enzymatic deglycosylation of human transferrin.	Carbohydrates	14-26	transferrin	Homo sapiens	37-48
9547899-0	1998	A simple method for carbohydrate-deficient transferrin measurements in patients with alcohol abuse and hepato-gastrointestinal diseases.	Carbohydrates	20-32	transferrin	Homo sapiens	43-54
9547899-1	1998	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is known to be increased in alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
9554084-0	1998	Generation of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin by enzymatic deglycosylation of human transferrin.	Carbohydrates	14-26	transferrin	Homo sapiens	87-98
9554084-1	1998	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) molecules are transferrin isoforms that lack one or both of the carbohydrate groups attached to a normal human transferrin molecule.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
9554084-1	1998	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) molecules are transferrin isoforms that lack one or both of the carbohydrate groups attached to a normal human transferrin molecule.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	55-66
9554084-1	1998	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) molecules are transferrin isoforms that lack one or both of the carbohydrate groups attached to a normal human transferrin molecule.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	55-66
9554084-1	1998	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) molecules are transferrin isoforms that lack one or both of the carbohydrate groups attached to a normal human transferrin molecule.	Carbohydrates	105-117	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
9554084-1	1998	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) molecules are transferrin isoforms that lack one or both of the carbohydrate groups attached to a normal human transferrin molecule.	Carbohydrates	105-117	transferrin	Homo sapiens	55-66
9554084-1	1998	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) molecules are transferrin isoforms that lack one or both of the carbohydrate groups attached to a normal human transferrin molecule.	Carbohydrates	105-117	transferrin	Homo sapiens	55-66
9634724-5	1998	The treatment with ACE inhibitor during 3 months (4 mg of Perindopril per day) decreased ACE activity in patients" plasma which was accompanied with decreasing of the arterial pressure and some restoration of the carbohydrate metabolism indicators.	Carbohydrates	213-225	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	19-22
9556215-0	1998	Carbohydrates regulate the dimerization of angiotensin-converting enzyme.	Carbohydrates	0-13	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	43-72
9556215-3	1998	The degree of dimerization was strongly dependent on the concentration and structure of mono- and disaccharides added to the media, indicating the specific role of carbohydrates in forming the supramolecular structure of angiotensin-converting enzyme.	Carbohydrates	164-177	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	221-250
9617534-3	1998	Insulin plays a central role in metabolic control and, in addition to profound effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, also affects the hematological system.	Carbohydrates	90-102	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
9546635-7	1998	Furthermore, oxidation of carbohydrates (glucose, pyruvate, and lactate) was greatly increased in new born myocytes compared to 2 week and HY cells and was accompanied by a parallel increase in pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity.	Carbohydrates	26-39	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	194-216
9546635-7	1998	Furthermore, oxidation of carbohydrates (glucose, pyruvate, and lactate) was greatly increased in new born myocytes compared to 2 week and HY cells and was accompanied by a parallel increase in pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity.	Carbohydrates	26-39	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	218-221
9488702-4	1998	Unexpectedly, Ala197 retained complete activity in the SP-A functions of carbohydrate binding, type II cell binding, inhibition of surfactant secretion, lipid binding, lipid aggregation, and lipid uptake by type II cells.	Carbohydrates	73-85	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	55-59
9579803-0	1998	Determination of glycan structures and molecular masses of the glycovariants of serum transferrin from a patient with carbohydrate deficient syndrome type II.	Carbohydrates	118-130	transferrin	Homo sapiens	86-97
9579803-1	1998	Serum transferrin from a child with carbohydrate deficient syndrome type II was isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography and separated into minor and major fractions by fast protein liquid chromatography.	Carbohydrates	36-48	transferrin	Homo sapiens	6-17
9634724-5	1998	The treatment with ACE inhibitor during 3 months (4 mg of Perindopril per day) decreased ACE activity in patients" plasma which was accompanied with decreasing of the arterial pressure and some restoration of the carbohydrate metabolism indicators.	Carbohydrates	213-225	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	89-92
9492005-0	1998	The lectin-like NK cell receptor Ly-49A recognizes a carbohydrate-independent epitope on its MHC class I ligand.	Carbohydrates	53-65	killer cell lectin-like receptor, subfamily A, member 1	Mus musculus	33-39
9478973-1	1998	The HNK-1 carbohydrate is expressed on various adhesion molecules in the nervous system and is suggested to play a role in cell-cell and cell-substratum interactions.	Carbohydrates	10-22	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	4-9
9478973-2	1998	Here we describe the isolation and functional expression of a cDNA encoding a human sulfotransferase that synthesizes the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope.	Carbohydrates	128-140	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	122-127
9478973-6	1998	Sibling selection of recovered plasmids resulted in a cDNA encoding a sulfotransferase, HNK-1ST, that directs the expression of the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope on the cell surface.	Carbohydrates	138-150	carbohydrate sulfotransferase 10	Homo sapiens	88-95
9478973-6	1998	Sibling selection of recovered plasmids resulted in a cDNA encoding a sulfotransferase, HNK-1ST, that directs the expression of the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope on the cell surface.	Carbohydrates	138-150	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	88-93
9450985-8	1998	The FFA induced insulin resistance is physiologically important during starvation by preserving carbohydrate for oxidation in the central nervous system and during pregnancy, where the well recognized accelerated starvation pattern provides carbohydrate for the growing fetus.	Carbohydrates	96-108	insulin	Homo sapiens	16-23
9450985-8	1998	The FFA induced insulin resistance is physiologically important during starvation by preserving carbohydrate for oxidation in the central nervous system and during pregnancy, where the well recognized accelerated starvation pattern provides carbohydrate for the growing fetus.	Carbohydrates	241-253	insulin	Homo sapiens	16-23
10909806-0	1998	Anti-peptide antibodies to epitopes masked by the carbohydrate moieties in transferrin.	Carbohydrates	50-62	transferrin	Homo sapiens	75-86
9548367-6	1998	Similarly, when a peptide of the 4th immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain of NCAM - representing part of NCAM"s carbohydrate-binding site - was added to the culture medium of the cells, neurite outgrowth and phosphorylation of L1 was strongly reduced.	Carbohydrates	107-119	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	72-76
9548367-6	1998	Similarly, when a peptide of the 4th immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain of NCAM - representing part of NCAM"s carbohydrate-binding site - was added to the culture medium of the cells, neurite outgrowth and phosphorylation of L1 was strongly reduced.	Carbohydrates	107-119	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	100-104
9468543-4	1998	We investigated the functional region in the carbohydrate recognition domain of rat SP-A and SP-D that is involved in binding lipids and interacting with alveolar type II cells by using chimeric proteins.	Carbohydrates	45-57	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	84-88
9686147-3	1998	Insulin and glucagon have various physiologic roles, in addition to the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	86-98	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
9492005-2	1998	In addition, it binds the polysaccharide fucoidan, consistent with its C-type lectin homology and the hypothesis that Ly-49A interacts with carbohydrates on Dd.	Carbohydrates	140-153	killer cell lectin-like receptor, subfamily A, member 1	Mus musculus	118-124
9492005-6	1998	These studies indicate that Ly-49A recognizes carbohydrate-independent epitope(s) on Dd and suggest that Ly-49A has two distinct ligands, carbohydrate and MHC class I.	Carbohydrates	46-58	killer cell lectin-like receptor, subfamily A, member 1	Mus musculus	28-34
9492005-6	1998	These studies indicate that Ly-49A recognizes carbohydrate-independent epitope(s) on Dd and suggest that Ly-49A has two distinct ligands, carbohydrate and MHC class I.	Carbohydrates	138-150	killer cell lectin-like receptor, subfamily A, member 1	Mus musculus	105-111
9492274-0	1998	Role of carbohydrate and protein in the binding of tissue-type plasminogen activator to the human mannose receptor.	Carbohydrates	8-20	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	51-84
9516657-1	1998	The diagnostic biochemical marker has been typical carbohydrate-deficient isoforms of transferrin (Tf).	Carbohydrates	51-63	transferrin	Homo sapiens	86-97
9516657-1	1998	The diagnostic biochemical marker has been typical carbohydrate-deficient isoforms of transferrin (Tf).	Carbohydrates	51-63	transferrin	Homo sapiens	99-101
9446609-3	1998	273, 2954-2960), we reported that mouse gastrointestinal tract specifically expresses two closely related galectins, galectins-4 and -6, each with two carbohydrate recognition domains in the same peptide.	Carbohydrates	151-163	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 4	Mus musculus	117-135
9422791-11	1998	Evidence is also provided that the carbohydrate moiety linked to the second CCP module of C1s has no significant effect on catalytic activity.	Carbohydrates	35-47	complement C1s	Homo sapiens	90-93
9493268-13	1998	FcRn dimerization is facilitated by reciprocal interactions in which carbohydrate from one receptor molecule binds to protein residues from the dimer-related receptor molecule to form a "carbohydrate handshake".	Carbohydrates	69-81	Fc gamma receptor and transporter	Homo sapiens	0-4
9493268-13	1998	FcRn dimerization is facilitated by reciprocal interactions in which carbohydrate from one receptor molecule binds to protein residues from the dimer-related receptor molecule to form a "carbohydrate handshake".	Carbohydrates	187-199	Fc gamma receptor and transporter	Homo sapiens	0-4
9742308-4	1998	Effective and regulated expression of the growth hormone pathway is essential for growth in stature as well as homeostasis of carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism.	Carbohydrates	126-138	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	42-56
9780359-5	1998	Sperm surface proteins known to have specific ZP and carbohydrate-binding sites including the mouse beta1, 4-galactosyltransferase and sp56, the rabbit protein Sp17, a human mannose-binding protein and several members of the spermadhesin family are presented.	Carbohydrates	53-65	UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	100-130
9781320-2	1998	Since skeletal muscle plays a major role in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and whole-body energy expenditure, it is a central player in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and hence in the balance between health and disease.	Carbohydrates	139-151	insulin	Homo sapiens	44-51
9498065-2	1998	Lymphocyte L-selectin plays a key role in the initial interaction of lymphocytes with HEVs by recognizing sulfated carbohydrate ligands on HEV mucin-like glycoproteins, GlyCAM-1, CD34 and MAdCAM-1.	Carbohydrates	115-127	CD34 molecule	Homo sapiens	179-183
9706228-2	1998	Feeding previously fasted animals high-carbohydrate, low-fat diets causes a dramatic induction of enzymes-such as fatty acid synthase (FAS) and mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT)-involved in fatty acid and triacylglycerol synthesis.	Carbohydrates	39-51	glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	196-200
9644095-5	1998	Data from two studies of 30 marathon runners and 10 triathletes suggest that carbohydrate compared to placebo ingestion is associated with higher plasma glucose levels, an attenuated cortisol and growth hormone response, fewer perturbations in blood immune cell counts, lower granulocyte and monocyte phagocytosis and oxidative burst activity, and a diminished pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine response.	Carbohydrates	77-89	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	196-210
9405281-1	1998	The structure of a trigonal crystal form of N-terminally truncated [des-(1-9)] bovine annexin IV, an annexin variant that exhibits the distinctive property of binding both phospholipids and carbohydrates in a Ca2+-dependent manner, has been determined at 3 A (0.3 nm) resolution -space group: R3; cell parameters: a=b=118.560 (8) A and c=82.233 (6) A-.	Carbohydrates	190-203	annexin A4	Bos taurus	86-96
9522073-0	1998	[Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) as preoperative alcohol marker in surgical risk patients].	Carbohydrates	1-13	transferrin	Homo sapiens	24-35
9522073-2	1998	In all patients the alcohol marker carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) was measured prior to esophagectomy and correlated with the incidence of postoperative withdrawal symptoms (yes/no) and the postoperative course (good/moderate/poor/fatal).	Carbohydrates	35-47	transferrin	Homo sapiens	58-69
9550554-0	1998	Validation by isoelectric focusing of the anion-exchange isotransferrin fractionation step involved in determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin by the CDTect assay.	Carbohydrates	120-132	transferrin	Homo sapiens	60-71
9550554-1	1998	Serum concentration of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is used for laboratory diagnosis of chronic alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	23-35	transferrin	Homo sapiens	46-57
10212835-16	1998	It is possible that insulin resistance at the adipocyte itself can be a major cause of the dysregulation of carbohydrate metabolism in the prediabetic state.	Carbohydrates	108-120	insulin	Homo sapiens	20-27
10658358-20	1998	Growth hormone levels showed a different pattern of change in predialysis patients and those changes cannot be explained by the changes in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	139-151	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	0-14
9689558-0	1998	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin assay in pediatrics and pregnancy: expression of results.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
10339297-0	1998	Detecting alcohol abuse: the value of carbohydrate deficient transferrin.	Carbohydrates	38-50	transferrin	Homo sapiens	61-72
9435448-3	1998	In the present work, the influence of carbohydrate chains on the half-life of human SHBG (hSHBG) was investigated using a rabbit model.	Carbohydrates	38-50	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	84-88
9435448-3	1998	In the present work, the influence of carbohydrate chains on the half-life of human SHBG (hSHBG) was investigated using a rabbit model.	Carbohydrates	38-50	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	90-95
9435448-13	1998	This study demonstrated that an additional carbohydrate chain on hSHBG decreases the clearance rate of this protein.	Carbohydrates	43-55	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	65-70
10097520-4	1998	It is well known that in vivo bioactivity and metabolic fate of EPO are dependent on the number of sialic acids and the degree of branching in the carbohydrate moieties.	Carbohydrates	147-159	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	64-67
9452308-4	1998	The carbohydrate recognition domain of microglia-derived galectin-3 was functional as the molecule could be affinity purified on lactose-agarose.	Carbohydrates	4-16	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	57-67
9452308-5	1998	Upon an incubation with lactose-, but not with sucrose-containing buffers the amount of cell surface expressed galectin-3 was strongly reduced, suggesting that the molecule appears to be associated with the plasma membrane via its carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	231-243	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	111-121
14518264-1	1998	MUC2 is known to be the main intestinal mucin carrying the carbohydrate moiety sialyl-Le(x), which interacts with the endothelial molecule E-selectin.	Carbohydrates	59-71	mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	0-4
21374462-1	1998	alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) is an oncofetal glycoprotein with a molecular mass of 70,000 Dalton and a carbohydrate content of approx 4%, i.e., one carbohydrate chain per molecule.	Carbohydrates	98-110	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	0-17
9806219-0	1998	Regulation of histidase gene expression by glucagon, hydrocortisone and protein-free/high carbohydrate diet in the rat.	Carbohydrates	90-102	histidine ammonia lyase	Rattus norvegicus	14-23
9806219-6	1998	Another purpose of the study was to evaluate if a protein-free/high carbohydrate diet could reverse the induction of Hal expression produced by a high protein diet.	Carbohydrates	68-80	histidine ammonia lyase	Rattus norvegicus	117-120
9806219-7	1998	Hal activity, amount of enzyme and mRNA concentration was repressed by 68, 88 and 95% respectively by a protein-free/high carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	122-134	histidine ammonia lyase	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
9465564-3	1998	Measurement of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin provides a useful biochemical index of recent heavy alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	15-27	transferrin	Homo sapiens	38-49
21374462-1	1998	alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) is an oncofetal glycoprotein with a molecular mass of 70,000 Dalton and a carbohydrate content of approx 4%, i.e., one carbohydrate chain per molecule.	Carbohydrates	98-110	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	19-22
21374462-1	1998	alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) is an oncofetal glycoprotein with a molecular mass of 70,000 Dalton and a carbohydrate content of approx 4%, i.e., one carbohydrate chain per molecule.	Carbohydrates	143-155	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	0-17
21374462-1	1998	alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) is an oncofetal glycoprotein with a molecular mass of 70,000 Dalton and a carbohydrate content of approx 4%, i.e., one carbohydrate chain per molecule.	Carbohydrates	143-155	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	19-22
21374473-1	1998	Soybean agglutinin (SBA) is a plant lectin, a glycoprotein of nonimmune origin that binds specifically to cell surface carbohydrates through noncovalent combinations and thus provokes agglutination of the bound cells.	Carbohydrates	119-132	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: lectin	Glycine max	36-42
9469764-1	1998	The intestinal sucrase-isomaltase (SI) complex is a glycoprotein of the small intestine brush border membrane that plays an important role in the final degradation of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	167-179	8 sucrase-isomaltase (alpha-glucosidase)	Gallus gallus	15-33
9469764-1	1998	The intestinal sucrase-isomaltase (SI) complex is a glycoprotein of the small intestine brush border membrane that plays an important role in the final degradation of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	167-179	8 sucrase-isomaltase (alpha-glucosidase)	Gallus gallus	35-37
10067343-1	1998	Examining carbohydrate metabolism in 59 children with pulmonary tuberculosis ascertained that to get tuberculosis naturally resulted in lower tissue sensitivity to insulin and in hyperinsulinemia.	Carbohydrates	10-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	164-171
9588031-3	1998	The characteristic biochemical and molecular features of human CDGS lie in the truncated carbohydrate side chains of serum transferrin and numerous other glycoproteins of affected persons.	Carbohydrates	89-101	transferrin	Homo sapiens	123-134
9405606-2	1997	Poly-N-acetyllactosamines are also modified by various carbohydrate residues, forming functional oligosaccharides such as sialyl Lex.	Carbohydrates	55-67	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	129-132
9398187-1	1997	The carboxamide moiety that links the carbohydrate and protein moieties in N-linked glycoproteins has been unambiguously determined to arise intact from asparagine by the use of chemically synthesized Bz-[4-13C, 15N]Asn-Leu-Thr-NH2 as an oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) substrate.	Carbohydrates	38-50	dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein glycosyltransferase non-catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	238-263
9398187-1	1997	The carboxamide moiety that links the carbohydrate and protein moieties in N-linked glycoproteins has been unambiguously determined to arise intact from asparagine by the use of chemically synthesized Bz-[4-13C, 15N]Asn-Leu-Thr-NH2 as an oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) substrate.	Carbohydrates	38-50	dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein glycosyltransferase non-catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	265-268
9438535-2	1997	The least sialylated isoforms of Tf; with 0 (asialo Tf), 1 (monosialo Tf), and 2 (disialo Tf) sialic acids are referred to as carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT).	Carbohydrates	126-138	transferrin	Homo sapiens	33-35
9438535-2	1997	The least sialylated isoforms of Tf; with 0 (asialo Tf), 1 (monosialo Tf), and 2 (disialo Tf) sialic acids are referred to as carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT).	Carbohydrates	126-138	transferrin	Homo sapiens	52-54
9398719-12	1997	Whether these alterations in insulin pulsatility contribute directly to the age-related changes in carbohydrate metabolism will require further study.	Carbohydrates	99-111	insulin	Homo sapiens	29-36
9438535-2	1997	The least sialylated isoforms of Tf; with 0 (asialo Tf), 1 (monosialo Tf), and 2 (disialo Tf) sialic acids are referred to as carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT).	Carbohydrates	126-138	transferrin	Homo sapiens	52-54
9438535-2	1997	The least sialylated isoforms of Tf; with 0 (asialo Tf), 1 (monosialo Tf), and 2 (disialo Tf) sialic acids are referred to as carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT).	Carbohydrates	126-138	transferrin	Homo sapiens	52-54
9438535-2	1997	The least sialylated isoforms of Tf; with 0 (asialo Tf), 1 (monosialo Tf), and 2 (disialo Tf) sialic acids are referred to as carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT).	Carbohydrates	126-138	transferrin	Homo sapiens	149-160
9589775-9	1997	Nonetheless, carbohydrates should be the predominant source of non-protein calories, because the accompanying insulin response effectively enhances protein synthesis.	Carbohydrates	13-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	110-117
9447246-0	1997	The influence of diet on the mucin carbohydrates in the chick intestinal tract.	Carbohydrates	35-48	mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Gallus gallus	29-34
9447246-2	1997	This study was conducted to investigate the effects of poultry feed on viscosity of intestinal contents and on mucin carbohydrates by comparing jejunal supernatants and the histochemical composition of goblet cells in chicks reared to 5 weeks of age on either a conventional maize-based diet or a wheat-based diet or a wheat diet supplemented with 0.1% xylanase.	Carbohydrates	117-130	mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Gallus gallus	111-116
9447247-9	1997	Reaction of r-vWF with carbohydrate-specific lectins demonstrated that r-vWF contained a high proportion of N-glycans composed of mannose, galactose, glucose, N-acetylglucosamine and terminal sialic acid.	Carbohydrates	23-35	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	73-76
9455924-1	1997	We previously demonstrated that gp120/160 (Env) of HIV-1 interact in a carbohydrate-specific manner with mannosyl/N-acetylglucosaminyl derivatives and that HIV-1LAI infection of monocytic U937 and lymphoid CEM cells was inhibited by CD4-free Concanavalin A-reactive glycopeptides from U937 cells.	Carbohydrates	71-83	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	233-236
9475320-0	1997	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in galactosaemia.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
9475320-1	1997	Carbohydrate-deficient isoforms of transferrin (CDT) were examined in Guthrie cards from patients with galactosaemia before and during dietary treatment for up to 9 y.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
9435659-5	1997	NPY-injected rats ate more of both the high-fat and high-carbohydrate diets during diet options 1 and 3, but not during option 2 when the high-sucrose and high-fat diets were offered concurrently.	Carbohydrates	57-69	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
9447247-10	1997	Carbohydrate moities were covalently bound to the protein structure and were quantitatively removed from r-vWF only after protein denaturation.	Carbohydrates	0-12	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	107-110
9453425-0	1997	A comparative study between carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and gamma-glutamyltransferase for the diagnosis of excessive drinking in a liver unit.	Carbohydrates	28-40	transferrin	Homo sapiens	51-62
9453425-1	1997	AIM: To compare the efficacy of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and gamma-glutamyltransferase for the diagnosis of excessive alcohol intake in patients admitted in a liver unit.	Carbohydrates	32-44	transferrin	Homo sapiens	55-66
9453425-4	1997	RESULTS: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin was more sensitive than gamma-glutamyltransferase in patients without alcoholic liver disease, in both men (85 vs 54%) and women (64 vs 36%).	Carbohydrates	9-21	transferrin	Homo sapiens	32-43
9453425-5	1997	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin sensitivity decreased slightly but not significantly according to the severity of the liver disease in men and women.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
9453425-7	1997	The specificity of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in patients with non-alcoholic liver disease was consistently higher than that of gamma-glutamyltransferase (80% vs 60%).	Carbohydrates	19-31	transferrin	Homo sapiens	42-53
9453425-8	1997	CONCLUSIONS: In liver units, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin can help to identify excessive drinkers without liver disease with a higher efficacy than that of gamma-glutamyltransferase; carbohydrate-deficient transferrin can also be used to distinguish between alcoholics with moderate liver disease and patients with non-alcoholic liver diseases.	Carbohydrates	29-41	transferrin	Homo sapiens	52-63
9453425-8	1997	CONCLUSIONS: In liver units, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin can help to identify excessive drinkers without liver disease with a higher efficacy than that of gamma-glutamyltransferase; carbohydrate-deficient transferrin can also be used to distinguish between alcoholics with moderate liver disease and patients with non-alcoholic liver diseases.	Carbohydrates	189-201	transferrin	Homo sapiens	52-63
9453425-8	1997	CONCLUSIONS: In liver units, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin can help to identify excessive drinkers without liver disease with a higher efficacy than that of gamma-glutamyltransferase; carbohydrate-deficient transferrin can also be used to distinguish between alcoholics with moderate liver disease and patients with non-alcoholic liver diseases.	Carbohydrates	189-201	transferrin	Homo sapiens	212-223
9363408-0	1997	Carbohydrate deficient transferrin in detecting relapse in alcohol dependence.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
9430478-1	1997	UNLABELLED: The anabolic effects of insulin are not restricted to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism but also include protein metabolism.	Carbohydrates	66-78	insulin	Homo sapiens	36-43
9374876-0	1997	Alanine mutagenesis of surfactant protein A reveals that lipid binding and pH-dependent liposome aggregation are mediated by the carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	129-141	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	23-43
9374876-1	1997	The carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of surfactant protein A (SP-A) is critical for the modulation of surfactant secretion from isolated type II cells and for the Ca(2+)-dependent aggregation of surfactant liposomes, but the domains of SP-A that mediate lipid binding have not been precisely mapped.	Carbohydrates	4-16	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	45-65
9374876-7	1997	We conclude that (1) lipid binding and pH-dependent liposome aggregation are mediated by the CRD of SP-A, (2) distinct but overlapping domains within the CRD are required for pH- and Ca(2+)-dependent liposome aggregation, and (3) conserved acidic and polar residues of the carbohydrate binding site of SP-A are essential for interactions with type II cells.	Carbohydrates	273-285	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	100-104
9374876-1	1997	The carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of surfactant protein A (SP-A) is critical for the modulation of surfactant secretion from isolated type II cells and for the Ca(2+)-dependent aggregation of surfactant liposomes, but the domains of SP-A that mediate lipid binding have not been precisely mapped.	Carbohydrates	4-16	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	67-71
9374876-1	1997	The carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of surfactant protein A (SP-A) is critical for the modulation of surfactant secretion from isolated type II cells and for the Ca(2+)-dependent aggregation of surfactant liposomes, but the domains of SP-A that mediate lipid binding have not been precisely mapped.	Carbohydrates	4-16	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	241-245
9463727-1	1997	A test was constructed by combining carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (%CDT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GT) and was evaluated in detecting alcohol-dependent patients in a surgical ward.	Carbohydrates	36-48	transferrin	Homo sapiens	59-70
9356547-6	1997	Significant differences in insulin score were found both within and among the food categories and also among foods containing a similar amount of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	146-158	insulin	Homo sapiens	27-34
9356547-8	1997	However, protein-rich foods and bakery products (rich in fat and refined carbohydrate) elicited insulin responses that were disproportionately higher than their glycemic responses.	Carbohydrates	73-85	insulin	Homo sapiens	96-103
9356547-9	1997	Total carbohydrate (r = 0.39, P &lt; 0.05, n = 36) and sugar (r = 0.36, P &lt; 0.05, n = 36) contents were positively related to the mean insulin scores, whereas fat (r = -0.27, NS, n = 36) and protein (r = -0.24, NS, n = 38) contents were negatively related.	Carbohydrates	6-18	insulin	Homo sapiens	138-145
9353350-11	1997	Our data suggest that the carbohydrate requirements for binding of PSGL-1 to P-selectin differ from those necessary for binding to E-selectin.	Carbohydrates	26-38	selectin, platelet	Mus musculus	77-87
9416027-1	1997	Insulin is required for carbohydrate, fat, and protein to be metabolized.	Carbohydrates	24-36	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
9425398-16	1997	Perhaps the subjects with higher abdominal fat or insulin resistance are prone to lower cortisol levels after carbohydrate-rich intakes in the morning.	Carbohydrates	110-122	insulin	Homo sapiens	50-57
9406448-3	1997	Carbohydrates can be categorised according to their ability to increase blood glucose concentration (known as glycaemic index) and by the extent they stimulate the release of insulin.	Carbohydrates	0-13	insulin	Homo sapiens	175-182
9406448-10	1997	The hormones insulin, glucagon and adrenaline together with cortisol and growth hormone play key roles in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism during exercise.	Carbohydrates	124-136	insulin	Homo sapiens	13-20
9364602-1	1997	HNK-1 (Leu-7 antigen or CD57) is a unique carbohydrate moiety found in certain glycosphingolipids and several cell adhesion glycoproteins on the cell membrane.	Carbohydrates	42-54	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
9395314-6	1997	It was identical with the native lectin in the hemagglutinating activity and carbohydrate specificity, N-terminal sequence and oligomeric structure, but, because it was not glycosylated, its subunit mass was lower by 2 kDa.	Carbohydrates	77-89	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: lectin	Glycine max	33-39
9364602-1	1997	HNK-1 (Leu-7 antigen or CD57) is a unique carbohydrate moiety found in certain glycosphingolipids and several cell adhesion glycoproteins on the cell membrane.	Carbohydrates	42-54	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	7-20
9364602-1	1997	HNK-1 (Leu-7 antigen or CD57) is a unique carbohydrate moiety found in certain glycosphingolipids and several cell adhesion glycoproteins on the cell membrane.	Carbohydrates	42-54	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	24-28
9364602-2	1997	Previous studies have suggested that HNK-1 carbohydrates act as adhesive ligands in cell-cell interactions.	Carbohydrates	43-56	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	37-42
9469547-1	1997	PURPOSE: To search for changes in the presence and distribution of the cell-adhesion-related HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope after cataract extraction.	Carbohydrates	99-111	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	93-98
9334250-4	1997	267, 15485-15490) was the first "tandem repeat-type" galectin, containing two homologous carbohydrate-binding sites.	Carbohydrates	89-101	Galectin	Caenorhabditis elegans	53-61
9350352-0	1997	Fucoidan inhibits leukocyte recruitment in a model peritoneal inflammation in rat and blocks interaction of P-selectin with its carbohydrate ligand.	Carbohydrates	128-140	selectin P	Rattus norvegicus	108-118
9347098-0	1997	Is carbohydrate-deficient transferrin a specific marker for alcohol abuse?	Carbohydrates	3-15	transferrin	Homo sapiens	26-37
9347098-2	1997	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, a transferrin isoform, is hailed as a new marker of chronic alcohol abuse, but its specificity is, however, not unequivocally accepted.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
9347098-2	1997	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, a transferrin isoform, is hailed as a new marker of chronic alcohol abuse, but its specificity is, however, not unequivocally accepted.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	38-49
9347098-3	1997	The aim of the present study was therefore to determine carbohydrate-deficient transferrin levels in patients with chronic hepatitis B and C with or without documented chronic alcohol intake.	Carbohydrates	56-68	transferrin	Homo sapiens	79-90
9347098-4	1997	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin was measured using a double-antibody radioimmunoassay (CDTect, Pharmacia) in serum samples from 66 patients (45 males and 21 females; mean age: 39 years) with chronic viral hepatitis B (n = 20) or C (n = 46).	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
9347098-6	1997	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin levels were raised in 15 patients [23%; hepatitis B (n = 2) and hepatitis C (n = 13)].	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
9347098-7	1997	In patients with chronic hepatitis B, the carbohydrate-deficient transferrin level was raised in two abstainers.	Carbohydrates	42-54	transferrin	Homo sapiens	65-76
9347098-8	1997	In the 46 patients with chronic hepatitis C, 10 (22%) patients with an alcohol consumption of &lt; 60 g/day for the men and 30 g/day for the women had raised carbohydrate-deficient transferrin levels.	Carbohydrates	158-170	transferrin	Homo sapiens	181-192
9347098-9	1997	The overall specificity of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin for chronic alcohol abuse was thus 78%, suggesting an association between elevated carbohydrate-deficient transferrin levels and the presence of chronic viral hepatitis.	Carbohydrates	27-39	transferrin	Homo sapiens	50-61
9347098-9	1997	The overall specificity of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin for chronic alcohol abuse was thus 78%, suggesting an association between elevated carbohydrate-deficient transferrin levels and the presence of chronic viral hepatitis.	Carbohydrates	27-39	transferrin	Homo sapiens	168-179
9347098-9	1997	The overall specificity of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin for chronic alcohol abuse was thus 78%, suggesting an association between elevated carbohydrate-deficient transferrin levels and the presence of chronic viral hepatitis.	Carbohydrates	145-157	transferrin	Homo sapiens	50-61
9347098-10	1997	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin levels were not correlated with the histological grading or staging of chronic hepatitis B and C, or with biological markers of hepatic synthesis and cellular damage.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
9347098-11	1997	Thus, an increased carbohydrate-deficient transferrin level may occur in patients with chronic viral hepatitis in the absence of chronic alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	19-31	transferrin	Homo sapiens	42-53
9347099-0	1997	Utility of biological markers during outpatient treatment of alcohol-dependent subjects: carbohydrate-deficient transferrin responds to moderate changes in alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	89-101	transferrin	Homo sapiens	112-123
9347099-2	1997	They were weekly interviewed for their alcohol consumption and their serum levels of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GT) were analyzed.	Carbohydrates	85-97	transferrin	Homo sapiens	108-119
9374122-8	1997	Similarly, replacement of carbohydrates by monounsaturated fats produced a greater increase in HDL-C (9 vs. 1 mg/dL, P &lt; 0.003) and apoA-I levels (9 vs. 2 mg/dL, P &lt; 0.036) in carriers of the 360His mutation.	Carbohydrates	26-39	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	135-141
9363750-3	1997	The results emphasise the role of Trp68/Trp69 for carbohydrate binding in bovine galectin-1/chicken galectins and of Trp194 in murine galectin-3.	Carbohydrates	50-62	galectin 1	Bos taurus	81-91
9355048-1	1997	Administration of neuropeptide Y (NPY) into the hypothalamus or cerebral ventricles has been shown to increase food intake, the secretion of hormones such as insulin, glucagon and corticosterone and to alter the metabolism of carbohydrate and lipids.	Carbohydrates	226-238	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	18-32
9355048-1	1997	Administration of neuropeptide Y (NPY) into the hypothalamus or cerebral ventricles has been shown to increase food intake, the secretion of hormones such as insulin, glucagon and corticosterone and to alter the metabolism of carbohydrate and lipids.	Carbohydrates	226-238	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
9311856-6	1997	Together, these data provide the first direct evidence that the carbohydrate profile of Env-SU is distinct in SIV variants that evolve during infection of the host.	Carbohydrates	64-76	endogenous retrovirus group W member 1, envelope	Homo sapiens	88-91
9417990-4	1997	Removal of terminal saccharides sustained the dimeric state of human CHIP28, while endo-glycosidases induced the transition into monomers, without leaving an affinity tag for separation purposes.	Carbohydrates	20-31	aquaporin 1 (Colton blood group)	Homo sapiens	69-75
9321466-8	1997	Whether the FUT1 or possibly the FUT2 gene products are involved in the synthesis of carbohydrate structures responsible for bacterial adhesion remains to be determined.	Carbohydrates	85-97	fucosyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	33-37
9350283-3	1997	SDS-PAGE analysis of HUVEC glycoproteins, metabolically radiolabelled in the carbohydrate portion, indicated that addition of IFN-gamma produced an altered protein glycosylation.	Carbohydrates	77-89	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	126-135
9287311-8	1997	Our results show that a reduction in alpha-galactose epitope expression in porcine endothelial cells transfected with human alpha-1, 2-fucosyltransferase cDNA may be achieved but at the expense of considerable distortion of the overall cell surface glycosylation profile, including the appearance of carbohydrate epitopes that are absent from the parent cells.	Carbohydrates	300-312	fucosyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	124-153
9306036-2	1997	Intensified functional insulin therapy (FIT) helps to establish this goal by an intensive patient education: each patient learns in five small-group sessions how s/he reacts to standardized challenges of glucose homeostasis (e.g. 24 h fasting; physical exercise; various carbohydrate loads).	Carbohydrates	271-283	insulin	Homo sapiens	23-30
9307037-6	1997	These inhibitors also share sequences similar to the carbohydrate-recognition domains of human and rabbit cellular PLA2 receptors, suggesting a common domain evolution among snake plasma PLA2 inhibitors and mammalian PLA2 receptors.	Carbohydrates	53-65	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	115-119
9307037-6	1997	These inhibitors also share sequences similar to the carbohydrate-recognition domains of human and rabbit cellular PLA2 receptors, suggesting a common domain evolution among snake plasma PLA2 inhibitors and mammalian PLA2 receptors.	Carbohydrates	53-65	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	187-191
9307037-6	1997	These inhibitors also share sequences similar to the carbohydrate-recognition domains of human and rabbit cellular PLA2 receptors, suggesting a common domain evolution among snake plasma PLA2 inhibitors and mammalian PLA2 receptors.	Carbohydrates	53-65	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	187-191
9299472-2	1997	Previous studies have indicated that FucT-VII has a very restricted specificity, capable of fucosylating only terminally alpha 2--&gt;3sialylated carbohydrate substrates, resulting in the synthesis of the sialyl Lewis x (sLe(x)) epitope.	Carbohydrates	146-158	fucosyltransferase 7	Homo sapiens	37-45
9453759-0	1997	[Usefulness of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in alcohol-elated problems].	Carbohydrates	15-27	transferrin	Homo sapiens	38-49
9453759-1	1997	BACKGROUND: Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin (CDT) is a new marker for excessive alcohol drinking.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transferrin	Homo sapiens	35-46
9350435-0	1997	Effect of active oxygen radicals on protein and carbohydrate moieties of recombinant human erythropoietin.	Carbohydrates	48-60	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	91-105
9372274-5	1997	A cut-off value of 3% carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT: disialo, monosialo, and asialo transferrin), results in a clinical sensitivity of 88% in a population consuming at least 70 g/day alcohol for a minimum of two weeks.	Carbohydrates	22-34	transferrin	Homo sapiens	45-56
9372274-5	1997	A cut-off value of 3% carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT: disialo, monosialo, and asialo transferrin), results in a clinical sensitivity of 88% in a population consuming at least 70 g/day alcohol for a minimum of two weeks.	Carbohydrates	22-34	transferrin	Homo sapiens	94-105
9372275-7	1997	An analysis time of less than eight minutes allows for baseline resolution of the lower sialoforms of Tf, presenting a simple, rapid test for carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT).	Carbohydrates	142-154	transferrin	Homo sapiens	165-176
9350435-2	1997	In the present study, we characterized the oxidative modifications to the protein and carbohydrate moiety of EPO, which lead to a reduction of its bioactivity.	Carbohydrates	86-98	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	109-112
9411567-0	1997	[Carbohydrate deficient transferrin and other markers of alcohol consumption in the general hospital].	Carbohydrates	1-13	transferrin	Homo sapiens	24-35
9306701-7	1997	The expression of Lin5 and Lin7 in gynoecia and stamens, respectively, suggests an important function in supplying carbohydrates to these flower organs, whereas the Lin7 mRNA was found to be present exclusively in this specific sink organ.	Carbohydrates	115-128	beta-fructofuranosidase	Solanum lycopersicum	18-22
9315107-2	1997	Lectin-like receptors on human NK cells, such as NKR-PIA and CD94, bind to target cell carbohydrate ligands and initiate the lytic process.	Carbohydrates	87-99	killer cell lectin like receptor B1	Homo sapiens	49-52
9411567-2	1997	Carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) is a new marker of alcohol consumption which requires validation in the hospital setting.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
9281429-1	1997	The three-dimensional structures of the catalytic residue Glu219--&gt;Gln mutant of Pseudomonas stutzeri maltotetraose-forming exo-alpha-amylase, and its complex with carbohydrate obtained by cocrystallization with maltopentaose were determined.	Carbohydrates	167-179	maltose alpha-D-glucosyltransferase	Pseudomonas stutzeri	131-144
9268329-4	1997	In particular, in the liver USF1 and USF2 have been shown to bind in vitro glucose/carbohydrate response elements of glycolytic and lipogenic genes and have been proposed, from ex vivo experiments, to be involved in their transcriptional activation by glucose.	Carbohydrates	83-95	upstream transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	28-32
9265639-6	1997	Analysis of the secreted apoE by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting showed that the nascent apoE is heavily modified with carbohydrate chains containing sialic acid.	Carbohydrates	151-163	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	25-29
9265639-6	1997	Analysis of the secreted apoE by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting showed that the nascent apoE is heavily modified with carbohydrate chains containing sialic acid.	Carbohydrates	151-163	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	121-125
9387095-3	1997	Herein we review current findings indicating that the c-Myc oncogenic transcription factor and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) are able to bind the lactate dehydrogenase A promoter cis acting elements, which resemble the core carbohydrate response element (ChoRE), CACGTG.	Carbohydrates	229-241	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	95-121
9277378-1	1997	Mice bearing interleukin-6 (IL-6)-secreting tumor were used to study the chronic effect of IL-6 on carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	99-111	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	91-95
9257857-9	1997	Surface expression of a subset of mAb-defined sLex-like carbohydrates is therefore a good marker for high levels of FucT-VII activity, but these carbohydrates are not themselves required for recognition of E-selectin.	Carbohydrates	56-69	fucosyltransferase 7	Homo sapiens	116-124
9310364-1	1997	ZPB, one of the pig zona pellucida glycoproteins, can be purified after removal of sialylated and/or sulfated N-acetylpolylactosamine from the nonreducing region of its carbohydrate chains by digestion with endo-beta-galactosidase.	Carbohydrates	169-181	zona pellucida glycoprotein 4	Sus scrofa	0-3
9387021-13	1997	Moreover, plasma levels of GLP-1 increased significantly (p = 0.004) after ileal perfusion of carbohydrates, but not after saline.	Carbohydrates	94-107	glucagon	Homo sapiens	27-32
9263180-5	1997	Studies in our laboratory involving variation in dietary fat and carbohydrate intake have demonstrated that alleles at the apo E gene locus are associated with changes in large, buoyant but not smaller, denser LDL subclasses.	Carbohydrates	65-77	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	123-128
9387095-3	1997	Herein we review current findings indicating that the c-Myc oncogenic transcription factor and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) are able to bind the lactate dehydrogenase A promoter cis acting elements, which resemble the core carbohydrate response element (ChoRE), CACGTG.	Carbohydrates	229-241	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	123-128
9387095-3	1997	Herein we review current findings indicating that the c-Myc oncogenic transcription factor and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) are able to bind the lactate dehydrogenase A promoter cis acting elements, which resemble the core carbohydrate response element (ChoRE), CACGTG.	Carbohydrates	229-241	lactate dehydrogenase A	Homo sapiens	151-174
9323613-1	1997	Over 100 years ago it was first deduced that a major component of human milk must be an unidentified carbohydrate that was not found in cows milk.	Carbohydrates	101-113	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	72-76
9252906-9	1997	The ratio of glucose to insulin, an indicator of insulin resistance, increased in CF patients with progression of carbohydrate intolerance.	Carbohydrates	114-126	insulin	Homo sapiens	24-31
26735790-0	1997	Concentrations of transferrin and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in postmortem human brain from alcoholics.	Carbohydrates	34-46	transferrin	Homo sapiens	57-68
9269859-0	1997	Comparison of two commercial test kits for quantification of serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin.	Carbohydrates	67-79	transferrin	Homo sapiens	90-101
9177175-0	1997	Cloning and functional expression of a novel glucuronyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of the carbohydrate epitope HNK-1.	Carbohydrates	103-115	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	124-129
9269859-1	1997	Serum levels of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) were measured in subjects of two independent studies using two different commercial kits.	Carbohydrates	16-28	transferrin	Homo sapiens	39-50
9269862-0	1997	Increased carbohydrate-deficient transferrin during pregnancy and relation to sex hormones: %CDT will not yield false positive results.	Carbohydrates	10-22	transferrin	Homo sapiens	33-44
9207473-7	1997	However, oxidative derivatization of carbohydrate components with digoxigenin showed that human calreticulin produced in either HL-60 cells or Sf9 insect cells is glycosylated, indicating that glycosylated and nonglycosylated human calreticulin have indistinguishable electrophoretic mobilities.	Carbohydrates	37-49	calreticulin	Homo sapiens	96-108
9210417-7	1997	In addition, we found that a factor bound to the accessory site of the rat S14 gene, which is necessary for carbohydrate responsiveness of this gene, was also a member of the NF1 family, raising the possibility that the NF1 family is involved in the carbohydrate regulation of gene transcription by interactions with other proteins.	Carbohydrates	108-120	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	75-78
9210417-7	1997	In addition, we found that a factor bound to the accessory site of the rat S14 gene, which is necessary for carbohydrate responsiveness of this gene, was also a member of the NF1 family, raising the possibility that the NF1 family is involved in the carbohydrate regulation of gene transcription by interactions with other proteins.	Carbohydrates	250-262	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	75-78
9207473-8	1997	Direct measurement by phenol-H2SO4 confirmed the presence of carbohydrate on recombinant human calreticulin.	Carbohydrates	61-73	calreticulin	Homo sapiens	95-107
9202204-1	1997	This communication explores the possibility that interleukin (IL)-1beta, a putative intermediary in the ovulatory process, may take part in the gonadotropin-driven midcycle diversion of ovarian carbohydrate metabolism toward glycolysis.	Carbohydrates	194-206	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	49-71
9202204-9	1997	Subject to the limitations of the in vitro paradigm, our data also suggest that IL-1beta may mediate the gonadotropin-associated midcycle shift in ovarian carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	155-167	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	80-88
9215295-13	1997	The correlation between the plasma IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio and WBGD persisted after adjustment for body fat, fasting plasma insulin concentration, daily carbohydrate and fat intake, and daily physical activity (r = 0.55; P &lt; 0.009), but not after further adjustment for plasma free fatty acid concentration (r = 0.30; P = 0.17).	Carbohydrates	155-167	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	35-40
9195945-4	1997	Analytical ultracentrifugation of FGF-2 in the presence of heparin-derived saccharides shows that both an active heparin octasaccharide and an inactive heparin-like disaccharide induce fibroblast growth factor-2 self-association.	Carbohydrates	75-86	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	34-39
9195945-4	1997	Analytical ultracentrifugation of FGF-2 in the presence of heparin-derived saccharides shows that both an active heparin octasaccharide and an inactive heparin-like disaccharide induce fibroblast growth factor-2 self-association.	Carbohydrates	75-86	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	185-211
9182588-1	1997	We have determined a role for Ktr1p and Ktr3p as mannosyltransferases in the synthesis of the carbohydrate chains attached to Saccharomyces cerevisiae O- and N-modified proteins.	Carbohydrates	94-106	alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase KTR1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	30-35
9182588-1	1997	We have determined a role for Ktr1p and Ktr3p as mannosyltransferases in the synthesis of the carbohydrate chains attached to Saccharomyces cerevisiae O- and N-modified proteins.	Carbohydrates	94-106	mannosyltransferase KTR3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	40-45
9202189-8	1997	The results suggest that the existence of carbohydrate moiety per se as well as the conformational stability contribute to the kinetic stability of alpha1-antitrypsin toward aggregation.	Carbohydrates	42-54	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	148-166
9191550-0	1997	Semiautomated procedures for evaluation of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in the diagnosis of alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	43-55	transferrin	Homo sapiens	66-77
9191550-1	1997	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) may now be the most valuable biological marker for diagnosis of alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
9189783-1	1997	This investigation was undertaken to determine whether consuming several small feedings of preexercise carbohydrate (CHO), rather than a single bolus, would affect blood glucose and insulin responses during rest and exercise.	Carbohydrates	103-115	insulin	Homo sapiens	182-189
9176356-5	1997	In contrast, irrespective of diet, muscle citrate synthase activity and hexokinase activity were increased (P &lt; 0.05) after adaptation to training by 17 and 18% in the group fed the carbohydrate, rich diet and by 17 and 12% in the group fed the fat-rich diet, respectively, and were unchanged in the two control groups.	Carbohydrates	185-197	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	72-82
9191606-2	1997	PURPOSE: To localize at the electron microscopic level the cell adhesion-related HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope in the inner connective tissue layer (ICTL) of the human ciliary body.	Carbohydrates	87-99	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	81-86
9168976-4	1997	Analysis of the carbohydrate chains by BioGel P4 showed that thyroglobulin secreted in the presence of the Ca(2+)-perturbants displayed an increased ratio high mannose/complex chains.	Carbohydrates	16-28	thyroglobulin	Rattus norvegicus	61-74
9354368-15	1997	Since the Asn residue in the CRD (carbohydrate recognition domain), which is conserved in all other galectins, is substituted by Ser in the case of Nh, these data suggest that the two CRDs in this tandem-repeat galectin have different sugar binding properties and that the 32-kDa galectin may serve as a heterobifunctional crosslinker.	Carbohydrates	34-46	Galectin	Caenorhabditis elegans	100-108
9354368-15	1997	Since the Asn residue in the CRD (carbohydrate recognition domain), which is conserved in all other galectins, is substituted by Ser in the case of Nh, these data suggest that the two CRDs in this tandem-repeat galectin have different sugar binding properties and that the 32-kDa galectin may serve as a heterobifunctional crosslinker.	Carbohydrates	34-46	Galectin	Caenorhabditis elegans	211-219
9164964-4	1997	In the present study, mAb-induced ligation of Leu-13 was shown to rapidly down-regulate L-selectin surface density on normal and malignant human lymphocytes, and to markedly inhibit L-selectin-mediated adhesion of lymphocytes to soluble carbohydrate ligands (i.e., PPME, phosphomonoester core polysaccharide) and to lymph node high endothelial venules.	Carbohydrates	237-249	interferon induced transmembrane protein 1	Homo sapiens	46-52
9232556-3	1997	Drinking more than those amounts of carbohydrate may increase muscle glycogen oxidation by attenuating the fall in plasma insulin concentration and thereby delaying fat mobilization, especially at relatively low (55% of peak oxygen consumption) intensity exercise.	Carbohydrates	36-48	insulin	Homo sapiens	122-129
11671646-7	1997	A one-pot procedure was developed for the covalent attachment of the synthetic saccharides through their hydrazido group to human serum albumin (HSA) using Tietze"s squarate method to give neoglycoproteins containing up to 28 saccharide units per HSA.	Carbohydrates	79-90	albumin	Homo sapiens	130-143
11671646-7	1997	A one-pot procedure was developed for the covalent attachment of the synthetic saccharides through their hydrazido group to human serum albumin (HSA) using Tietze"s squarate method to give neoglycoproteins containing up to 28 saccharide units per HSA.	Carbohydrates	79-89	albumin	Homo sapiens	130-143
9159271-4	1997	Moreover, in laboratory animal species, IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha have been found to modulate intermediary metabolism of carbohydrate, fat, and protein substrates, regulate hypothalamic-pituitary outflow, and act in the brain to reduce food intake.	Carbohydrates	121-133	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	46-50
9129046-8	1997	The beads were stained with a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) to CD57 (HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope) but did not react with MoAbs against the sialylLe(x/a) epitope.	Carbohydrates	72-84	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	60-64
9194614-10	1997	While the E. coli products were free from post-translational modifications, rPhl p 1 from Pichia is a heterogeneous glycoprotein fraction with a carbohydrate content of about 15%.	Carbohydrates	145-157	replication initiation protein	Escherichia coli	81-84
9159271-4	1997	Moreover, in laboratory animal species, IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha have been found to modulate intermediary metabolism of carbohydrate, fat, and protein substrates, regulate hypothalamic-pituitary outflow, and act in the brain to reduce food intake.	Carbohydrates	121-133	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	56-65
9411418-13	1997	The concentrations of insulin were much lower in comparison to women treated with diet and healthy controls, these results suggest that, if gestational diabetes could be controlled by diet only, disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism would disappear, however, if insulin therapy was necessary during pregnancy, disturbances of the carbohydrate metabolism would be prolonged.	Carbohydrates	332-344	insulin	Homo sapiens	22-29
9139799-1	1997	Using two separate methods, we have determined that all six potential sites for N-linked glycosylation on the rat lutropin/choriogonadotropin receptor (rLHR) contain carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	166-179	luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	152-156
9411418-13	1997	The concentrations of insulin were much lower in comparison to women treated with diet and healthy controls, these results suggest that, if gestational diabetes could be controlled by diet only, disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism would disappear, however, if insulin therapy was necessary during pregnancy, disturbances of the carbohydrate metabolism would be prolonged.	Carbohydrates	211-223	insulin	Homo sapiens	22-29
9160823-9	1997	The role of MAPK activation by NE and vasopressin in the regulation of hepatic carbohydrate metabolism is discussed.	Carbohydrates	79-91	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	38-49
9411418-13	1997	The concentrations of insulin were much lower in comparison to women treated with diet and healthy controls, these results suggest that, if gestational diabetes could be controlled by diet only, disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism would disappear, however, if insulin therapy was necessary during pregnancy, disturbances of the carbohydrate metabolism would be prolonged.	Carbohydrates	211-223	insulin	Homo sapiens	264-271
9411418-13	1997	The concentrations of insulin were much lower in comparison to women treated with diet and healthy controls, these results suggest that, if gestational diabetes could be controlled by diet only, disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism would disappear, however, if insulin therapy was necessary during pregnancy, disturbances of the carbohydrate metabolism would be prolonged.	Carbohydrates	332-344	insulin	Homo sapiens	264-271
9163543-2	1997	Recent studies suggest that neuropeptide Y (NPY) may cause a preference for carbohydrate-rich diets.	Carbohydrates	76-88	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	28-42
9114069-7	1997	MIF is therefore a glucose-dependent, islet cell product that regulates insulin secretion in a positive manner and may play an important role in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	145-157	macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
9129543-5	1997	Acarbose is a dietary aid that spreads the dietary carbohydrate challenge to endogenous insulin over time.	Carbohydrates	51-63	insulin	Homo sapiens	88-95
9163543-2	1997	Recent studies suggest that neuropeptide Y (NPY) may cause a preference for carbohydrate-rich diets.	Carbohydrates	76-88	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	44-47
9213799-0	1997	[Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin: a new biochemical marker for chronic excessive alcohol consumption].	Carbohydrates	1-13	transferrin	Homo sapiens	24-35
9213799-1	1997	OBJECTIVE: To assess the usefulness of the biochemical marker "carbohydrate deficient transferrin" (CDT) in relation to conventional markers for chronic excessive alcohol use.	Carbohydrates	63-75	transferrin	Homo sapiens	86-98
9094889-4	1997	Plasma insulin and triacylglycerol concentrations were also higher (P &lt; 0.001) from 0800 to 0000 with the 60%-carbohydrate diet than with the 40%-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	113-125	insulin	Homo sapiens	7-14
9113253-0	1997	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and alcohol dependency: variation in response to alcohol intake among different groups of patients.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
9113253-1	1997	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GT) were evaluated as markers of alcohol dependency in two different groups of patients.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
9108784-5	1997	Specifically, we predicted that LDL-C reduction on a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet would be greatest in daughters of two pattern B parents, intermediate in daughters with one pattern B parent, and least in daughters with no pattern B parents.	Carbohydrates	67-79	component of oligomeric golgi complex 2	Homo sapiens	32-37
9108784-8	1997	There was a significant inverse correlation between changes in triglyceride and LDL-C induced by the low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	115-127	component of oligomeric golgi complex 2	Homo sapiens	80-85
9108790-0	1997	Defects of insulin action on fatty acid and carbohydrate metabolism in familial combined hyperlipidemia.	Carbohydrates	44-56	insulin	Homo sapiens	11-18
9108790-3	1997	We studied insulin action on carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism in FCHL patients and healthy control subjects by a two-step euglycemic, hyperinsulinemic clamp.	Carbohydrates	29-41	insulin	Homo sapiens	11-18
9178026-2	1997	We evaluated changes in carbohydrate metabolism produced by four days of prednisone (20 mg PO TID) measuring insulin sensitivity, basal glucose, basal insulin and first phase insulin release (FPIR).	Carbohydrates	24-36	insulin	Homo sapiens	109-116
9178026-3	1997	We correlated these measures of carbohydrate metabolism with changes in free fatty acids and lactate levels both of which have been reported to be possible mediators of insulin sensitivity.	Carbohydrates	32-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	169-176
9038233-6	1997	Sequence homology analysis revealed that the C-terminal carbohydrate-binding domain of mouse galectin-9 had extensive similarity to that of monomeric rat galectin-5.	Carbohydrates	56-68	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 9	Mus musculus	93-103
9120279-3	1997	Three separate exons encode the carbohydrate recognition domain of the MAFA, defining its close homology to the genes of CD23, CD69, CD72, NKR-P1, and Ly49.	Carbohydrates	32-44	Cd69 molecule	Rattus norvegicus	127-131
9109849-8	1997	Increasing carbohydrate intake without weight loss was associated with an increase in plasma TG (1.86 +/- 0.30 v 2.47 +/- 0.37 mmol/L) and decreases in total cholesterol (5.82 +/- 0.25 v 5.40 +/- 0.21 mmol/L), LDL-C (3.07 +/- 0.18 v 2.61 +/- 0.21 mmol/L), HDL-C (1.42 +/- 0.1 v 1.24 +/- 0.1 mmol/L), and apolipoprotein (apo) A1 (5.14 +/- 0.25 v 4.61 +/- 0.36 mmol/L), whereas plasma apo B did not change.	Carbohydrates	11-23	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	304-327
9054457-2	1997	Hepatic expression of the genes encoding L-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK) and S14 is induced in rats upon feeding them a high carbohydrate, low fat diet.	Carbohydrates	123-135	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	75-78
9054457-6	1997	We have conducted experiments to determine whether USF is involved in the carbohydrate-mediated regulation of L-PK and S14.	Carbohydrates	74-86	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	119-122
9124538-1	1997	Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) shares structural and functional features with insulin, affects carbohydrate metabolism, and inhibits insulin secretion.	Carbohydrates	101-113	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	0-28
9124538-1	1997	Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) shares structural and functional features with insulin, affects carbohydrate metabolism, and inhibits insulin secretion.	Carbohydrates	101-113	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	30-35
9084877-2	1997	We previously described that bovine kidney p33/41 (annexin IV) has Ca(2+)-dependent carbohydrate binding activity.	Carbohydrates	84-96	annexin A4	Bos taurus	51-61
9084877-9	1997	The results of the inhibition assays and the determination of the epitope showed that a carbohydrate binding site is located at domains 3 and 4 of p33/41 (annexin IV) and on the cell surface.	Carbohydrates	88-100	annexin A4	Bos taurus	155-165
9086297-0	1997	Serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in patients with nonalcoholic liver disease and with hepatocellular carcinoma.	Carbohydrates	6-18	transferrin	Homo sapiens	29-40
9086297-1	1997	Serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is used as a reliable and specific marker of alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	6-18	transferrin	Homo sapiens	29-40
9105514-5	1997	These results substantiate the current use of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin as a sensitive marker of alcohol abuse, particularly in subjects not drinking in excess of 60 g of ethanol/day but showing alcohol-related psoriasis.	Carbohydrates	46-58	transferrin	Homo sapiens	69-80
9068592-0	1997	Quantification of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin by ion-exchange chromatography with an enzymatically prepared calibrator.	Carbohydrates	18-30	transferrin	Homo sapiens	41-52
9068592-1	1997	The current HPLC method for the determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) yields ratios of CDT isoforms in relation to total transferrin, whereas the use of absolute concentrations obtainable in routine analysis by RIA and the reference ranges based here-upon is more convenient.	Carbohydrates	49-61	transferrin	Homo sapiens	72-83
9068592-1	1997	The current HPLC method for the determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) yields ratios of CDT isoforms in relation to total transferrin, whereas the use of absolute concentrations obtainable in routine analysis by RIA and the reference ranges based here-upon is more convenient.	Carbohydrates	49-61	transferrin	Homo sapiens	141-152
9134435-2	1997	IGnT converts a linear carbohydrate structure, the i antigen, to a branched structure, the I antigen in N-acetyllactosamines.	Carbohydrates	23-35	glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 2, I-branching enzyme	Mus musculus	0-4
9038233-6	1997	Sequence homology analysis revealed that the C-terminal carbohydrate-binding domain of mouse galectin-9 had extensive similarity to that of monomeric rat galectin-5.	Carbohydrates	56-68	galectin 5	Rattus norvegicus	154-164
9038233-10	1997	Southern blot genomic DNA analyses, using the galectin-9 specific probe derived from the N-terminal carbohydrate-binding domain, indicated the presence of a novel gene encoding galectin-9 in both mice and rats.	Carbohydrates	100-112	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 9	Mus musculus	46-56
9038233-10	1997	Southern blot genomic DNA analyses, using the galectin-9 specific probe derived from the N-terminal carbohydrate-binding domain, indicated the presence of a novel gene encoding galectin-9 in both mice and rats.	Carbohydrates	100-112	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 9	Mus musculus	177-187
9047156-2	1997	Human natural antibodies to pig endothelial cell antigens appear to be predominantly directed at carbohydrate epitopes expressed by a variety of porcine integrins, including GpIIIa.	Carbohydrates	97-109	integrin subunit beta 3	Homo sapiens	174-180
9023138-0	1997	Increased serum concentration of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in patients with combined pancreas and kidney transplantation.	Carbohydrates	33-45	transferrin	Homo sapiens	56-67
9024699-11	1997	The clear difference between human and mouse L-selectin suggests that E-selectin-binding carbohydrate moieties are attached to different protein scaffolds in different species.	Carbohydrates	89-101	selectin, lymphocyte	Mus musculus	45-55
9024699-11	1997	The clear difference between human and mouse L-selectin suggests that E-selectin-binding carbohydrate moieties are attached to different protein scaffolds in different species.	Carbohydrates	89-101	selectin, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	70-80
9083613-1	1997	PROBLEM: The carbohydrate epitope 3-fucosyl-N-acetyllactosamine (CD15) is a constituent of cell surface glycoconjugates that has been implicated in cell-cell adhesion mediated by carbohydrate-specific ligands.	Carbohydrates	13-25	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	65-69
9046376-6	1997	In this investigation, rats were fed with three dietary regimen corresponding to control, ethanol, and carbohydrate compensated ethanol group and studies were done on (i) labeled leucine, galactose and N-acetylmannosamine incorporation into transferrin and apolipoprotein E, and (ii) hepatic galactosyltransferase and sialyltransferase activities in Golgi rich fraction in rat.	Carbohydrates	103-115	transferrin	Rattus norvegicus	241-252
9046381-7	1997	Levels of PEth and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin or gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase did not correlate.	Carbohydrates	19-31	transferrin	Homo sapiens	42-53
9023138-1	1997	Serum concentration of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (cCDT) is used for laboratory diagnosis and follow-up of chronic alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	23-35	transferrin	Homo sapiens	46-57
9127706-1	1997	Compared with a diet high in total and saturated fat, a high carbohydrate diet improves insulin sensitivity and lipid levels.	Carbohydrates	61-73	insulin	Homo sapiens	88-95
9118763-2	1997	This insulin, however, may have an increased potential for hypoglycemia because of its very rapid subcutaneous absorption, especially in a setting of decreased carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	160-172	insulin	Homo sapiens	5-12
9059948-7	1997	Food ingestion did not affect the circulating level of carbohydrate deficient transferrin, and the analysis of carbohydrate deficient transferrin was almost unaffected by the presence of ethanol in plasma within the biological range (ethanol 0-100 mmol/l).	Carbohydrates	111-123	transferrin	Homo sapiens	134-145
9059883-7	1997	However, this interaction involves not only the carbohydrate recognition domain of Ly-49 but also a part of the stalk region, suggesting that both carbohydrates and peptide backbone of class I MHC may be recognized by Ly-49.	Carbohydrates	48-60	killer cell lectin-like receptor, subfamily A	Mus musculus	83-88
9059883-7	1997	However, this interaction involves not only the carbohydrate recognition domain of Ly-49 but also a part of the stalk region, suggesting that both carbohydrates and peptide backbone of class I MHC may be recognized by Ly-49.	Carbohydrates	48-60	killer cell lectin-like receptor, subfamily A	Mus musculus	218-223
9059883-7	1997	However, this interaction involves not only the carbohydrate recognition domain of Ly-49 but also a part of the stalk region, suggesting that both carbohydrates and peptide backbone of class I MHC may be recognized by Ly-49.	Carbohydrates	147-160	killer cell lectin-like receptor, subfamily A	Mus musculus	83-88
9059883-7	1997	However, this interaction involves not only the carbohydrate recognition domain of Ly-49 but also a part of the stalk region, suggesting that both carbohydrates and peptide backbone of class I MHC may be recognized by Ly-49.	Carbohydrates	147-160	killer cell lectin-like receptor, subfamily A	Mus musculus	218-223
9059948-0	1997	Carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) in alcoholic cirrhosis: a kinetic study.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
9059948-1	1997	BACKGROUND/AIMS: Carbohydrate deficient transferrin has been introduced as a marker of excessive alcohol intake.	Carbohydrates	17-29	transferrin	Homo sapiens	40-51
9059948-2	1997	The present study was undertaken in order to measure the circulating level of carbohydrate deficient transferrin in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and to assess arteriovenous kinetics of carbohydrate deficient transferrin in liver and kidney.	Carbohydrates	78-90	transferrin	Homo sapiens	101-112
9059948-2	1997	The present study was undertaken in order to measure the circulating level of carbohydrate deficient transferrin in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and to assess arteriovenous kinetics of carbohydrate deficient transferrin in liver and kidney.	Carbohydrates	190-202	transferrin	Homo sapiens	213-224
9047234-4	1997	C1qR(P) is a novel type I membrane protein with the following putative structural elements: a C-type carbohydrate recognition domain, five EGF-like domains, a transmembrane domain, and a short cytoplasmic tail.	Carbohydrates	101-113	CD93 molecule	Homo sapiens	0-7
9059948-3	1997	METHODS/RESULTS: The median value of serum carbohydrate deficient transferrin was 16.0 U/l in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (n = 41), and this value was not significantly different from that of a normal control group (median 17.4 U/l, n = 55, ns).	Carbohydrates	43-55	transferrin	Homo sapiens	66-77
9059948-8	1997	CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that measurement of carbohydrate deficient transferrin may be used in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis.	Carbohydrates	53-65	transferrin	Homo sapiens	76-87
9059948-4	1997	Carbohydrate deficient transferrin was significantly higher in patients with cirrhosis and high current alcohol intake than in abstaining patients (20 vs. 14 U/l, p &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
9059948-5	1997	Similarly, controls with a high current alcohol intake (&gt; 50 g/day) had a significantly higher carbohydrate deficient transferrin concentration than controls with a low alcohol intake (&lt; 10 g/day) (36 vs. 14.9 U/l, p &lt; 0.005).	Carbohydrates	98-110	transferrin	Homo sapiens	121-132
9059948-9	1997	High current alcohol intake is associated with higher carbohydrate deficient transferrin levels than in those with low alcohol intake, but the overlap is substantial in patients with cirrhosis.	Carbohydrates	54-66	transferrin	Homo sapiens	77-88
9059948-10	1997	Carbohydrate deficient transferrin has a low turnover rate in both patients with cirrhosis and normals.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
9046927-2	1997	You must know when you will eat throughout the day, and about an hour beforehand you must inject an appropriate amount of insulin to offset the amount of carbohydrate you intend to consume.	Carbohydrates	154-166	insulin	Homo sapiens	122-129
9013935-4	1997	To address this issue, mice were created bearing a targeted mutation in beta1,4-galactosyltransferase (GalTase), an enzyme responsible for elaboration of many of the proposed biologically active carbohydrate epitopes.	Carbohydrates	195-207	UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	72-101
9015374-1	1997	It is known that dietary carbohydrates regulate the activity of the intestinal SGLT1.	Carbohydrates	25-38	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Homo sapiens	79-84
9013935-4	1997	To address this issue, mice were created bearing a targeted mutation in beta1,4-galactosyltransferase (GalTase), an enzyme responsible for elaboration of many of the proposed biologically active carbohydrate epitopes.	Carbohydrates	195-207	UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	103-110
8995428-14	1997	These data demonstrate that MAG-ganglioside binding is highly specific and defines key carbohydrate structural determinants for MAG-mediated cell adhesion to gangliosides.	Carbohydrates	87-99	LOC103161439	Cricetulus griseus	28-31
8995428-14	1997	These data demonstrate that MAG-ganglioside binding is highly specific and defines key carbohydrate structural determinants for MAG-mediated cell adhesion to gangliosides.	Carbohydrates	87-99	LOC103161439	Cricetulus griseus	128-131
8988962-0	1997	Superiority of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin to gamma-glutamyltransferase in detecting relapse in alcoholism.	Carbohydrates	15-27	transferrin	Homo sapiens	38-49
9131894-0	1997	High-performance liquid chromatography improves diagnostic efficiency of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin.	Carbohydrates	73-85	transferrin	Homo sapiens	96-107
9131894-1	1997	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is considered a useful biochemical marker of regular high alcohol intake.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
8988962-1	1997	OBJECTIVE: The usefulness of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin is widely accepted in screening (male) population samples for heavy alcohol consumption, but its role in relapse detection is not convincingly established.	Carbohydrates	29-41	transferrin	Homo sapiens	52-63
8988962-2	1997	The authors therefore compared the diagnostic value of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin with the commonly used gamma-glutamyltransferase in identifying relapsed alcoholics during outpatient aftercare.	Carbohydrates	55-67	transferrin	Homo sapiens	78-89
8988962-6	1997	At every visit a blood sample was taken for measurement of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and gamma-glutamyltransferase.	Carbohydrates	59-71	transferrin	Homo sapiens	82-93
8988962-8	1997	Positive predictive values indicated that relapse was identified with a 76.2% probability by carbohydrate-deficient transferrin values above the upper normal limit, in contrast to a 32.9% chance with gamma-glutamyltransferase.	Carbohydrates	93-105	transferrin	Homo sapiens	116-127
8988962-9	1997	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin was especially useful in detecting early relapses during the initial rehabilitation phase, when gamma-glutamyltransferase values had not normalized.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
8988962-11	1997	CONCLUSIONS: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin proved to be superior to gamma-glutamyltransferase in relapse detection in an outpatient care setting for alcoholics.	Carbohydrates	13-25	transferrin	Homo sapiens	36-47
9267585-0	1997	Lipid-carbohydrate interactions in post-absorptive non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients.	Carbohydrates	6-18	insulin	Homo sapiens	55-62
15251489-3	1997	RESULTS: Acromegaly, a disease state with excess growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I, is associated with carbohydrate intolerance.	Carbohydrates	122-134	insulin	Homo sapiens	73-80
9027365-1	1997	The rat S14 gene has been a useful model to study carbohydrate and triiodothyronine (T3) regulation of hepatic gene expression.	Carbohydrates	50-62	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	8-11
9404861-6	1997	Compared to Dh and W, carbohydrate supply with or without NaCl induced a higher glycaemia (P &lt; 0.05), a reduced increase in plasma adrenaline concentration (P &lt; 0.05) and a higher plasma insulin concentration (P &lt; 0.05), which lowered plasma free fatty acids and glycerol concentrations (P &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	22-34	insulin	Homo sapiens	193-200
8986239-4	1996	Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between the C3 fraction and serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin or gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase.	Carbohydrates	83-95	transferrin	Homo sapiens	106-117
9288547-1	1997	A critical role is proposed for the quantity and quality of dietary carbohydrate in the pathogenesis of the insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia which characterise the Metabolic Syndrome.	Carbohydrates	68-80	insulin	Homo sapiens	108-115
9288547-2	1997	We propose that an insulin-resistant genotype evolved to provide survival and reproductive advantages for the cold-climate, large game hunters of the last Ice Age who consumed a low carbohydrate, high protein diet with periodic starvation.	Carbohydrates	182-194	insulin	Homo sapiens	19-26
9288547-6	1997	Hence the prevalence of the insulin-resistant genotype decreased in Europeans and other groups exposed to a high carbohydrate intake for sufficiently long.	Carbohydrates	113-125	insulin	Homo sapiens	28-35
9288547-8	1997	Traditional carbohydrate foods have a low glycaemic index and produce only modest increases in plasma insulin.	Carbohydrates	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	102-109
10169630-0	1997	Detecting alcohol abuse: the value of carbohydrate deficient transferrin.	Carbohydrates	38-50	transferrin	Homo sapiens	61-72
9239703-7	1997	Human alpha-fetoprotein expressed in the developing human also carries the bisecting GlcNAc sequence, indicating that it may be suppressing the emerging fetal immune response by using its carbohydrate sequence as a functional group.	Carbohydrates	188-200	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	6-23
9149292-2	1997	We investigated whether these individual preferences in macronutrient selection could be modified by an overnight fast or by two orexigenic peptides, galanin and neuropeptide Y (NPY), which may selectively stimulate fat and carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	224-236	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	162-176
9149292-2	1997	We investigated whether these individual preferences in macronutrient selection could be modified by an overnight fast or by two orexigenic peptides, galanin and neuropeptide Y (NPY), which may selectively stimulate fat and carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	224-236	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	178-181
9149292-6	1997	NPY slightly enhanced the proportion of carbohydrate intake, but only in carbohydrate-preferring rats.	Carbohydrates	40-52	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
9149292-6	1997	NPY slightly enhanced the proportion of carbohydrate intake, but only in carbohydrate-preferring rats.	Carbohydrates	73-85	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
9238859-3	1997	Resistance to insulin"s effects on carbohydrate metabolism include diminished actions of insulin to enhance glucose uptake and suppress endogenous glucose production.	Carbohydrates	35-47	insulin	Homo sapiens	14-21
9238859-3	1997	Resistance to insulin"s effects on carbohydrate metabolism include diminished actions of insulin to enhance glucose uptake and suppress endogenous glucose production.	Carbohydrates	35-47	insulin	Homo sapiens	89-96
9238859-14	1997	We have proposed the "single gateway hypothesis" to explain insulin"s action on carbohydrate metabolism in vivo: insulin crosses the endothelial boundary in skeletal muscle (to stimulate glucose disposal) and traverses the endothelial barrier in adipose tissue to suppress lipolysis.	Carbohydrates	80-92	insulin	Homo sapiens	60-67
9238859-14	1997	We have proposed the "single gateway hypothesis" to explain insulin"s action on carbohydrate metabolism in vivo: insulin crosses the endothelial boundary in skeletal muscle (to stimulate glucose disposal) and traverses the endothelial barrier in adipose tissue to suppress lipolysis.	Carbohydrates	80-92	insulin	Homo sapiens	113-120
8943309-5	1996	Our data indicate that SAP precursor bears phosphate residues on noncomplex carbohydrate chains linked to the SAP-C and the SAP-D domain and sulfate residues on complex carbohydrate chains located within the SAP-A, -C, and possibly the SAP-D domain.	Carbohydrates	76-88	SH2 domain containing 1A	Homo sapiens	23-26
8943309-5	1996	Our data indicate that SAP precursor bears phosphate residues on noncomplex carbohydrate chains linked to the SAP-C and the SAP-D domain and sulfate residues on complex carbohydrate chains located within the SAP-A, -C, and possibly the SAP-D domain.	Carbohydrates	169-181	SH2 domain containing 1A	Homo sapiens	23-26
8952472-8	1996	These results indicate that there are different energetic mechanisms of carbohydrate binding between galectin-1, its two mutants, and the Gal-specific plant lectins.	Carbohydrates	72-84	galectin-1	Cricetulus griseus	101-111
9127955-2	1997	Insulin rapidly regulates short-term effects on carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism and is also a potent growth factor controlling cell proliferation and differentiation.	Carbohydrates	48-60	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
9029385-0	1997	Cord blood carbohydrate-deficient transferrin levels are markedly higher than maternal.	Carbohydrates	11-23	transferrin	Homo sapiens	34-45
9029385-1	1997	Regular, heavy alcohol intake results in transferrin that is deficient in carbohydrate moieties.	Carbohydrates	74-86	transferrin	Homo sapiens	41-52
9029385-2	1997	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) has been used as a biologic marker of heavy alcohol exposure in nonpregnant humans.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
9029385-13	1997	While regular, heavy alcohol consumption by adults results in serum transferrin deficient in carbohydrate moieties, the reason for elevated fetal CDT is unknown.	Carbohydrates	93-105	transferrin	Homo sapiens	68-79
8955145-8	1996	These data suggest that, dependent on the type of fucosyltransferase, ESL-1 is a strongly preferred target molecule for the generation of E-selectin-binding carbohydrate modifications.	Carbohydrates	157-169	selectin, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	138-148
8943309-13	1996	We propose that intracellular targeting of SAP precursor to lysosomes is only partially dependent on mannose 6-phosphate residues, whereas its endocytosis occurs in a carbohydrate-independent manner.	Carbohydrates	167-179	SH2 domain containing 1A	Homo sapiens	43-46
8952472-0	1996	Thermodynamics of carbohydrate binding to galectin-1 from Chinese hamster ovary cells and two mutants.	Carbohydrates	18-30	galectin-1	Cricetulus griseus	42-52
8952472-2	1996	The thermodynamics of carbohydrate binding to the 14 kDa dimeric beta-galactoside-binding lectin galectin-1 (Gal-1) from Chinese hamster ovary cells and four galactose-specific plant lectins were investigated by isothermal titration microcalorimetry.	Carbohydrates	22-34	galectin-1	Cricetulus griseus	97-107
8952472-2	1996	The thermodynamics of carbohydrate binding to the 14 kDa dimeric beta-galactoside-binding lectin galectin-1 (Gal-1) from Chinese hamster ovary cells and four galactose-specific plant lectins were investigated by isothermal titration microcalorimetry.	Carbohydrates	22-34	galectin-1	Cricetulus griseus	109-114
8942421-7	1996	However, when the high-amylose starch comprised 33% of the carbohydrate content in a test meal, there was a significant but biologically small reduction in the overall postprandial plasma insulin concentration by 17% relative to the low-amylose diet (P &lt; 0.01).	Carbohydrates	59-71	insulin	Homo sapiens	188-195
8973632-10	1996	Site-specific oligosaccharide analysis of natural IFN-gamma by glycosidase treatment followed by matrix-assisted-laser-desorption-ionization mass spectrometry revealed considerable variation in the carbohydrate structures, with more than 30 different forms.	Carbohydrates	198-210	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	50-59
8972242-5	1996	Acarbose is a dietary aid that spreads the dietary carbohydrate challenge to endogenous insulin over time.	Carbohydrates	51-63	insulin	Homo sapiens	88-95
8969654-0	1996	Clinical utility of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin to detect alcohol abuse in a general population.	Carbohydrates	20-32	transferrin	Homo sapiens	43-54
8977536-2	1996	Interaction of vascular adhesion molecules (VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and selectins) with ligands on the leukocyte surface (integrins, carbohydrates, and mucin-like molecules) regulate diapedesis.	Carbohydrates	125-138	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	44-50
8981094-1	1996	We studied changes in the carbohydrate expression following apoptotic cell death induced by treatment with interferon (IFN)-gamma and anti-Fas antibody using human colon adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells.	Carbohydrates	26-38	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	107-129
8968851-13	1996	The improvement of fasting blood insulin could be explained by the differences in monounsaturated fat composition in the low carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	125-137	insulin	Homo sapiens	33-40
8989877-8	1996	Our data suggest that the role of STP4 is to catalyze monosaccharide import into classic sinks, such as root tips and anthers, and, most importantly, to meet the increased carbohydrate demand of cells responding to environmental stress.	Carbohydrates	172-184	sugar transporter 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	34-38
8954026-1	1996	Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is associated with protein, carbohydrate, and bone metabolism.	Carbohydrates	65-77	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	0-28
8954026-1	1996	Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is associated with protein, carbohydrate, and bone metabolism.	Carbohydrates	65-77	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	30-35
9110350-9	1996	Sophora Japonica agglutinin (SJA) lectin is able to recognize the carbohydrates in common with SBA lectin, but it does not appear to be associated with metastatic capacity.	Carbohydrates	66-79	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: lectin	Glycine max	34-40
9036568-8	1996	Prandial insulin is injected according to the amount of desired carbohydrate content of the meal.	Carbohydrates	64-76	insulin	Homo sapiens	9-16
9110350-10	1996	These results suggest that the sialylation of particular carbohydrate residues on human lymphoma cells that are recognized by SBA lectin may be associated with the spontaneously metastatic capacity of human lymphoma cell lines in our SCID mouse model.	Carbohydrates	57-69	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: lectin	Glycine max	130-136
8972736-3	1996	The authors previously described N-linked sialic acid-containing carbohydrates associated with CD2 of the CD4+ tumour cell line Jurkat which induced tumour necrosis factor (TNF) secretion by human monocytes.	Carbohydrates	65-78	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	106-109
8972736-3	1996	The authors previously described N-linked sialic acid-containing carbohydrates associated with CD2 of the CD4+ tumour cell line Jurkat which induced tumour necrosis factor (TNF) secretion by human monocytes.	Carbohydrates	65-78	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	149-171
8972736-3	1996	The authors previously described N-linked sialic acid-containing carbohydrates associated with CD2 of the CD4+ tumour cell line Jurkat which induced tumour necrosis factor (TNF) secretion by human monocytes.	Carbohydrates	65-78	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	173-176
8982870-0	1996	Galectin-1 from bovine spleen: biochemical characterization, carbohydrate specificity and tissue-specific isoform profiles.	Carbohydrates	61-73	galectin 1	Bos taurus	0-10
9010556-3	1996	The recently developed marker, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, has proven to be a promising test in its use to monitor relapse in patients using each patient"s cut-off value offers advantages over group cut-offs.	Carbohydrates	31-43	transferrin	Homo sapiens	54-65
9091428-2	1996	It is also known that estrogens increase the hepatic production of SHBG which circulates in various molecular forms containing different amounts of sialic acid as the main component of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	185-198	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	67-71
8947235-0	1996	The use of carbohydrate deficient transferrin as an indicator of alcohol consumption during treatment and follow-up.	Carbohydrates	11-23	transferrin	Homo sapiens	34-45
8914753-5	1996	Finally, an initial chemical analysis indicated that the epitopes for IgE antibodies on the phosphomannoproteins is a carbohydrate portion, since the ability of CAMP/A to inhibit the binding of IgE antibodies to the homologous CAMP/A was destroyed after oxidation by sodium periodate but not after digestion with proteinase K.	Carbohydrates	118-130	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	70-73
8914753-5	1996	Finally, an initial chemical analysis indicated that the epitopes for IgE antibodies on the phosphomannoproteins is a carbohydrate portion, since the ability of CAMP/A to inhibit the binding of IgE antibodies to the homologous CAMP/A was destroyed after oxidation by sodium periodate but not after digestion with proteinase K.	Carbohydrates	118-130	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	194-197
8890228-0	1996	Regulation of schistosome egg granuloma formation: host-soluble L-selectin enters tissue-trapped eggs and binds to carbohydrate antigens on surface membranes of miracidia.	Carbohydrates	115-127	selectin, lymphocyte	Mus musculus	64-74
8890228-10	1996	The anti-mouse L-selectin staining of miracidia could be inhibited by wash buffer containing sulfated carbohydrates such as sulfated Le(x), heparan sulfate, fucoidan, and carrageenan.	Carbohydrates	102-115	selectin, lymphocyte	Mus musculus	15-25
8890228-15	1996	The intraovum binding of mouse L-selectin to immunogenic carbohydrate antigens is a novel role for selectins, and this model may, in part, explain the down-regulation in granulomatous pathology observed following the acute phase of the disease.	Carbohydrates	57-69	selectin, lymphocyte	Mus musculus	31-41
8908206-2	1996	This low molecular weight isoform differs from the previously characterized isoforms of FGFR-1 in that it contains little or no carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	128-140	fibroblast growth factor receptor 1	Gallus gallus	88-94
8982870-1	1996	Selected biochemical properties, including the charge heterodispersity profile and carbohydrate specificity, of bovine galectin-1 were determined in detail.	Carbohydrates	83-95	galectin 1	Bos taurus	119-129
8914952-4	1996	However, using previously derived equations, amount of carbohydrate and glycemic index explained approximately 90% of the variability of the observed mean glucose and insulin responses (P = 0.01).	Carbohydrates	55-67	insulin	Homo sapiens	167-174
8863485-10	1996	These results suggest that SP receptors on the human astrocytoma cell line U-87 MG have either a biantennary complex-type or a high mannose-type of carbohydrate chain and may be regulated by GTP-binding protein(s).	Carbohydrates	148-160	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	27-29
8985826-5	1996	Excessive alcohol consumption causes transferrin to become carbohydrate deficient, which allows it to be used as an efficient biochemical marker of alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	59-71	transferrin	Homo sapiens	37-48
8914952-5	1996	We conclude that both amount and source of carbohydrate determine the glucose and insulin responses of lean, young, nondiabetic subjects after different mixed meals with variable glycemic index.	Carbohydrates	43-55	insulin	Homo sapiens	82-89
9226694-1	1996	A carbohydrate enriched soluble fraction (CHP) was prepared by mild treatment of viable Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces (PSC) with the enzyme endoglycosidase-F (endo-F) and characterized by SDS-PAGE, glycoside- inhibition ELISA, and immunoblotting.	Carbohydrates	2-14	calcineurin-like EF hand protein 1	Mus musculus	42-45
8874203-0	1996	Human T lymphocytes and hematopoietic cell lines express CD24-associated carbohydrate epitopes in the absence of CD24 mRNA or protein.	Carbohydrates	73-85	CD24 molecule	Homo sapiens	57-61
8874203-2	1996	Many CD24 monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) have been described that identify several epitopes, with the majority of them related to carbohydrate structures associated with the CD24 molecule.	Carbohydrates	129-141	CD24 molecule	Homo sapiens	5-9
8874203-2	1996	Many CD24 monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) have been described that identify several epitopes, with the majority of them related to carbohydrate structures associated with the CD24 molecule.	Carbohydrates	129-141	CD24 molecule	Homo sapiens	173-177
8874203-4	1996	In this study, CD24 expression by human cell lines and normal hematopoietic call populations was assessed using a panel of carbohydrate and protein core-specific CD24 MoAbs and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis.	Carbohydrates	123-135	CD24 molecule	Homo sapiens	15-19
8874203-7	1996	Similarly, the binding of carbohydrate epitops-reactive CD24 MoAb was reduced on both T lymphocytes and granulocytes by pretreatment with phospholipase C, pronase, or neuraminidase.	Carbohydrates	26-38	CD24 molecule	Homo sapiens	56-60
8874203-8	1996	Together, the data indicate that a number of CD24-associated carbohydrate epitopes have a broader tissue distribution than the CD24 protein and are expressed on additional GPI-linked molecule(s).	Carbohydrates	61-73	CD24 molecule	Homo sapiens	45-49
8874203-8	1996	Together, the data indicate that a number of CD24-associated carbohydrate epitopes have a broader tissue distribution than the CD24 protein and are expressed on additional GPI-linked molecule(s).	Carbohydrates	61-73	CD24 molecule	Homo sapiens	127-131
8885835-0	1996	Origin of carbohydrate recognition specificity of human lysozyme revealed by affinity labeling.	Carbohydrates	10-22	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	56-64
8894307-0	1996	Comparison of carbohydrate structures of serum alpha-fetoprotein by sequential glycosidase digestion and lectin affinity electrophoresis.	Carbohydrates	14-26	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	47-64
8894307-2	1996	Microheterogeneity of the serum AFP carbohydrate structure was studied in samples from 35 patients with benign and malignant diseases.	Carbohydrates	36-48	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	32-35
8894307-6	1996	Relationships between AFP carbohydrate structures and liver diseases were elucidated by the lectin-reactive profiles and the effect of glycosidase digestion.	Carbohydrates	26-38	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	22-25
8894307-7	1996	More than 94% of the AFP carbohydrate structures found in patients with benign and malignant liver diseases were biantennary complex-type oligosaccharides.	Carbohydrates	25-37	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	21-24
8894307-8	1996	Changes in the AFP carbohydrate structures at the early stage of hepatocellular carcinoma revealed the addition of alpha 1--&gt;6 fucose to the reducing terminal N-acetylglucosamine and monosialylated AFPs.	Carbohydrates	19-31	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	15-18
8894307-9	1996	In both advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and AFP producing extrahepatic malignancies, AFP carbohydrate structures were characterized as the further addition of beta 1--&gt;4 N-acetylglucosamine and heterogeneity in the galactose and N-acetylglucosamine residues.	Carbohydrates	91-103	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	46-49
8894307-9	1996	In both advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and AFP producing extrahepatic malignancies, AFP carbohydrate structures were characterized as the further addition of beta 1--&gt;4 N-acetylglucosamine and heterogeneity in the galactose and N-acetylglucosamine residues.	Carbohydrates	91-103	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	87-90
8904971-0	1996	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels during disulfiram therapy.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
8912809-0	1996	Identification of a carbohydrate response element in rat S14 gene.	Carbohydrates	20-32	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
8912809-1	1996	To characterize the mechanism by which carbohydrate feeding regulates S14 gene transcription, we created mutations within footprinted sequences of the carbohydrate response region of the S14 gene and either transiently transfected these mutations into rat primary hepatocytes or end-labeled them for gel mobility shift assays.	Carbohydrates	39-51	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	70-73
8912809-1	1996	To characterize the mechanism by which carbohydrate feeding regulates S14 gene transcription, we created mutations within footprinted sequences of the carbohydrate response region of the S14 gene and either transiently transfected these mutations into rat primary hepatocytes or end-labeled them for gel mobility shift assays.	Carbohydrates	39-51	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	187-190
8904988-4	1996	One type of direct measurement, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin levels, has been found to be a reasonably sensitive indicator of alcohol consumption that may provide meaningful outcome information.	Carbohydrates	32-44	transferrin	Homo sapiens	55-66
8912809-1	1996	To characterize the mechanism by which carbohydrate feeding regulates S14 gene transcription, we created mutations within footprinted sequences of the carbohydrate response region of the S14 gene and either transiently transfected these mutations into rat primary hepatocytes or end-labeled them for gel mobility shift assays.	Carbohydrates	151-163	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	187-190
8912809-8	1996	These studies demonstrate that the sequence GGCACCCGTGT is required for the carbohydrate response in the S14 gene.	Carbohydrates	76-88	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	105-108
8904971-1	1996	Serum samples for quantification of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were collected from alcohol-dependent men and women upon admission to the hospital for detoxification, and repeatedly over a 3- to 5-week period of supervised disulfiram administration as outpatients.	Carbohydrates	36-48	transferrin	Homo sapiens	59-70
8879185-1	1996	Surfactant proteins A (SP-A) and D (SP-D) are "collectins": proteins with collagen-like region and lectin domain that bind carbohydrates in a calcium-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	123-136	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	0-21
8879185-1	1996	Surfactant proteins A (SP-A) and D (SP-D) are "collectins": proteins with collagen-like region and lectin domain that bind carbohydrates in a calcium-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	123-136	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	23-34
8892536-1	1996	The determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in serum has been found useful as a marker of increased alcohol consumption of &gt; 60 g/day.	Carbohydrates	21-33	transferrin	Homo sapiens	44-55
8897388-10	1996	Carbohydrate ingestion late in exercise did not improve performance despite increases in plasma glucose and insulin.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	108-115
8980625-4	1996	In fetal thymus the epithelial cells of the medulla and the Hassal"s bodies strongly expressed elongated carbohydrate structures (Le-y, Le-x and sialyl-Le-x).	Carbohydrates	105-117	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	136-140
8980625-4	1996	In fetal thymus the epithelial cells of the medulla and the Hassal"s bodies strongly expressed elongated carbohydrate structures (Le-y, Le-x and sialyl-Le-x).	Carbohydrates	105-117	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	152-156
8983866-3	1996	Insulin, which has been shown to be both a positive inotrope and to stimulate vasodilatation in the skeletal muscle vascular bed, may account for the different cardiac and regional haemodynamic responses to high fat and high carbohydrate meals.	Carbohydrates	225-237	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
8983866-5	1996	This study assessed the effect of an insulin infusion reproducing the plasma insulin profile seen after a high carbohydrate meal on the cardiovascular and regional haemodynamic response to a high fat meal.	Carbohydrates	111-123	insulin	Homo sapiens	37-44
8983866-5	1996	This study assessed the effect of an insulin infusion reproducing the plasma insulin profile seen after a high carbohydrate meal on the cardiovascular and regional haemodynamic response to a high fat meal.	Carbohydrates	111-123	insulin	Homo sapiens	77-84
8903111-4	1996	Plasma VIP concentrations increased slightly following the carbohydrate meal and following water loading.	Carbohydrates	59-71	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	7-10
8903111-5	1996	The PYY concentrations increased after the protein and the carbohydrate meal and a slight rise was observed following fat ingestion.	Carbohydrates	59-71	peptide YY	Homo sapiens	4-7
8892536-0	1996	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in healthy women: relation to estrogens and iron status.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
8949960-1	1996	Serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is being increasingly used as a biological indicator for excessive alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	6-18	transferrin	Rattus norvegicus	29-40
8949960-2	1996	However, the mechanisms behind the changes in the carbohydrate moiety of transferrin are unclear, although they have been suggested to be mediated by acetaldehyde or liver damage.	Carbohydrates	50-62	transferrin	Rattus norvegicus	73-84
8949960-4	1996	The present work examined the changes in the carbohydrate moiety of transferrin in rats after different degrees of ethanol exposure, the effects of chronically elevated acetaldehyde levels, and also the changes, produced with liver toxins (galactosamine) and carbon tetrachloride).	Carbohydrates	45-57	transferrin	Rattus norvegicus	68-79
8911149-6	1996	The CD24 antigen was absent from blood DC however, cross-reactive sialylated carbohydrate epitopes were detected on DC with some CD24 monoclonal antibodies (mAb).	Carbohydrates	77-89	CD24 molecule	Homo sapiens	4-8
8751898-4	1996	Since vitronectin contains a carbohydrate-binding region, we postulated that vitronectin binds fungal beta-glucans and subsequently augments macrophage TNF-alpha release in response to this fungal component.	Carbohydrates	29-41	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	152-161
8877314-3	1996	Amylin elicits potent effects on carbohydrate metabolism in rodent tissues, causing insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and liver.	Carbohydrates	33-45	insulin	Homo sapiens	84-91
8911149-6	1996	The CD24 antigen was absent from blood DC however, cross-reactive sialylated carbohydrate epitopes were detected on DC with some CD24 monoclonal antibodies (mAb).	Carbohydrates	77-89	CD24 molecule	Homo sapiens	129-133
8911149-0	1996	Identification of a novel dendritic cell surface antigen defined by carbohydrate specific CD24 antibody cross-reactivity.	Carbohydrates	68-80	CD24 molecule	Homo sapiens	90-94
8769384-2	1996	This review concentrates on the effects of GH excess on carbohydrate, lipid, and bone metabolism, and on body composition.	Carbohydrates	56-68	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	43-45
8702635-15	1996	Polysialylation did not require any initiator alpha2, 8-sialyltransferase but did depend on the carbohydrate and protein structures of NCAM.	Carbohydrates	96-108	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	135-139
8865956-11	1996	As evaluated by ROC analysis, carbohydrate deficient transferrin was the best biological marker to find men with weekly alcohol consumption over 400 g. Intranasal salmon calcitonin had no affect on alcohol drinking.	Carbohydrates	30-42	transferrin	Homo sapiens	53-64
8865958-0	1996	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin as an indicator of drinking status during a treatment outcome study.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
8865958-2	1996	Although carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) has been shown to be a sensitive and specific marker for the identification of heavy drinkers, little data are available as to its utility as a marker for relapse drinking during treatment, particularly in comparison with the more widely used serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT).	Carbohydrates	9-21	transferrin	Homo sapiens	32-43
8690123-13	1996	Therefore, expression of cross-reactive MUC8 mucin epitopes in reproductive tract tissues may contribute to the development of low affinity, carbohydrate-specific, agglutinating antisperm antibodies in the genital tract.	Carbohydrates	141-153	mucin 8	Homo sapiens	40-44
8757609-1	1996	A point mutation in the pleckstrin homology domain of the mouse Bruton"s tyrosine kinase (btk) gene results in an X-linked immune defect, Xid, characterized by immunologic unresponsiveness to polymeric carbohydrate Ags.	Carbohydrates	202-214	Bruton agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase	Mus musculus	64-88
8757609-1	1996	A point mutation in the pleckstrin homology domain of the mouse Bruton"s tyrosine kinase (btk) gene results in an X-linked immune defect, Xid, characterized by immunologic unresponsiveness to polymeric carbohydrate Ags.	Carbohydrates	202-214	Bruton agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase	Mus musculus	90-93
8757609-1	1996	A point mutation in the pleckstrin homology domain of the mouse Bruton"s tyrosine kinase (btk) gene results in an X-linked immune defect, Xid, characterized by immunologic unresponsiveness to polymeric carbohydrate Ags.	Carbohydrates	202-214	Bruton agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase	Mus musculus	138-141
8877851-0	1996	In vitro bioassay for human erythropoietin based on proliferative stimulation of an erythroid cell line and analysis of carbohydrate-dependent microheterogeneity.	Carbohydrates	120-132	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	28-42
8706894-6	1996	The M(r) of high-molecular-weight kininogen was determined to be 83,500 by sedimentation equilibrium measurements, in agreement with the value calculated from amino acid sequence and carbohydrate analysis.	Carbohydrates	183-195	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	12-43
8770022-3	1996	In both groups, insulin increased glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis, and whole body carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation and inhibited GP (by 70-80%) and lipid oxidation (by approximately 50%), whereas epinephrine antagonized the effect of insulin on glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis.	Carbohydrates	85-97	insulin	Homo sapiens	16-23
8836256-6	1996	Conventional laboratory markers and serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin were determined preoperatively.	Carbohydrates	42-54	transferrin	Homo sapiens	65-76
8702384-6	1996	The absence of mixed aggregates formed between parental and Lex-or embryoglycan-negative mutant P19 cells suggests that carbohydrates are involved in cadherin-mediated cell sorting.	Carbohydrates	120-133	cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	150-158
8752915-1	1996	The stage-specific embryonic Ag-1 (SSEA-1) is a carbohydrate Ag and regarded as an onco-developmental Ag.	Carbohydrates	48-60	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	4-33
8752915-1	1996	The stage-specific embryonic Ag-1 (SSEA-1) is a carbohydrate Ag and regarded as an onco-developmental Ag.	Carbohydrates	48-60	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	35-41
8752923-1	1996	Our previous studies of seven murine mAbs against the carbohydrate Lex Ag demonstrated that they were all encoded by VH441 and V kappa 24B.	Carbohydrates	54-66	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	67-70
8669406-1	1996	We reported previously that intake of carbohydrate foods with a high glycemic index (GI) produced greater glycogen storage and greater postprandial glucose and insulin responses during 24 h of postexercise recovery than did intake of low-GI carbohydrate foods.	Carbohydrates	38-50	insulin	Homo sapiens	160-167
8760876-1	1996	The HNF-4 orphan receptor is a member of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors and a major regulator of genes involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	137-149	hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha	Homo sapiens	4-9
8879285-1	1996	CDT (carbohydrate-deficient transferrin) has been identified as a specific marker for chronically elevated alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	5-17	transferrin	Homo sapiens	28-39
8879287-1	1996	Controversy exists whether carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is valuable as a screening tool for fetal alcohol syndrome.	Carbohydrates	27-39	transferrin	Homo sapiens	50-61
8840098-1	1996	It has been suggested that kallikrein-kinin system may influence carbohydrate metabolism via a kinin-mediated increment of insulin-mediated glucose uptake.	Carbohydrates	65-77	insulin	Homo sapiens	123-130
8853443-7	1996	Administration of GH has been reported to produce carbohydrate intolerance with elevated plasma insulin levels, resulting from insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	50-62	insulin	Homo sapiens	96-103
8853443-7	1996	Administration of GH has been reported to produce carbohydrate intolerance with elevated plasma insulin levels, resulting from insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	50-62	insulin	Homo sapiens	127-134
8840095-1	1996	The time-action profile of the insulin analogue insulin lispro ([Lys(B28), Pro(B29)] human insulin) with its rapid onset and short duration of action might be more suitable to limit hyperglycaemic excursions after a meal rich in rapidly absorbable carbohydrates in comparison to regular human insulin.	Carbohydrates	248-261	insulin	Homo sapiens	31-38
8840095-1	1996	The time-action profile of the insulin analogue insulin lispro ([Lys(B28), Pro(B29)] human insulin) with its rapid onset and short duration of action might be more suitable to limit hyperglycaemic excursions after a meal rich in rapidly absorbable carbohydrates in comparison to regular human insulin.	Carbohydrates	248-261	insulin	Homo sapiens	48-55
8683578-6	1996	The X-ray cross-sectional radius of gyration RXS was 2.1 nm, and is consistent with extended carbohydrate structures in CEA.	Carbohydrates	93-105	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	120-123
8840095-1	1996	The time-action profile of the insulin analogue insulin lispro ([Lys(B28), Pro(B29)] human insulin) with its rapid onset and short duration of action might be more suitable to limit hyperglycaemic excursions after a meal rich in rapidly absorbable carbohydrates in comparison to regular human insulin.	Carbohydrates	248-261	insulin	Homo sapiens	48-55
8840095-1	1996	The time-action profile of the insulin analogue insulin lispro ([Lys(B28), Pro(B29)] human insulin) with its rapid onset and short duration of action might be more suitable to limit hyperglycaemic excursions after a meal rich in rapidly absorbable carbohydrates in comparison to regular human insulin.	Carbohydrates	248-261	insulin	Homo sapiens	48-55
8840095-10	1996	In Type 1 diabetic patients prandial blood glucose excursions after a carbohydrate rich meal were reduced after preprandial injection of insulin lispro in comparison to human regular insulin.	Carbohydrates	70-82	insulin	Homo sapiens	137-144
8864835-6	1996	The cloned STs are classified into four families according to the carbohydrate linkages they synthesize, i.e. the ST3Gal-, ST6Gal-, ST6GalNAc-, and ST8Sia-families.	Carbohydrates	66-78	beta galactoside alpha 2,6 sialyltransferase 1	Mus musculus	123-129
10163405-2	1996	The value of carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) as the most direct and most accurate indicator of alcohol abuse has been amply demonstrated in the scientific literature.	Carbohydrates	13-25	transferrin	Homo sapiens	36-47
28769373-6	1996	Our data suggests that carbohydrate metabolic aberration exists in hyperthyroids and may reflect insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	23-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	97-104
8687470-1	1996	Transgenic mouse which produces human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) ubiquitously was used to study carbohydrate structures of AFP produced by various tissues as well as that in the serum.	Carbohydrates	93-105	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	38-55
8687470-1	1996	Transgenic mouse which produces human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) ubiquitously was used to study carbohydrate structures of AFP produced by various tissues as well as that in the serum.	Carbohydrates	93-105	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	57-60
8687470-1	1996	Transgenic mouse which produces human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) ubiquitously was used to study carbohydrate structures of AFP produced by various tissues as well as that in the serum.	Carbohydrates	93-105	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	120-123
8828061-3	1996	Ingestion of carbohydrate foods stimulates insulin secretion which accelerates the uptake of tryptophan, the precursor of 5-HT and melatonin, into the brain and pineal gland, respectively.	Carbohydrates	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	43-50
8672547-2	1996	Effects on the insulin sensitivity of carbohydrate metabolism were examined, in particular upon insulin stimulated glycogen synthesis and glycolytic flux.	Carbohydrates	38-50	insulin	Homo sapiens	15-22
8672547-7	1996	Adenosine agonists may act indirectly to modulate insulin sensitivity of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	73-85	insulin	Homo sapiens	50-57
8783190-4	1996	In this study, we examined the possible role of a vasodilatory peptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which is released following carbohydrate loading in the pathophysiology of postprandial hypotension.	Carbohydrates	140-152	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	72-103
8783190-4	1996	In this study, we examined the possible role of a vasodilatory peptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which is released following carbohydrate loading in the pathophysiology of postprandial hypotension.	Carbohydrates	140-152	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	105-109
8792386-3	1996	Carbohydrate metabolism was evaluated by fasting and postprandial glucose, insulin, and hemoglobin (Hb)Alc levels in children with chronic renal insufficiency and various other growth disorders treated with growth hormone.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	75-82
8637438-0	1996	The effect of low-glycemic carbohydrate on insulin and glucose response in vivo and in vitro in patients with coronary heart disease.	Carbohydrates	27-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	43-50
8687384-4	1996	Further we show that Bowes t-PA expresses glucuronic acid/sulphate containing N-linked glycans and is recognized by anti-carbohydrate L2/HNK-1 monoclonal antibodies.	Carbohydrates	121-133	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	137-142
8826788-4	1996	The nucleotide sequences from -512 to -485 of the ACL promoter are highly homologous (70%) to the sequences surrounding the carbohydrate response element (ChoRE) of the S14 gene.	Carbohydrates	124-136	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	169-172
8636416-0	1996	Effects of a change in the pattern of insulin delivery on carbohydrate tolerance in diabetic and nondiabetic humans in the presence of differing degrees of insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	58-70	insulin	Homo sapiens	38-45
8635512-4	1996	The S103L CSPG is specific to the perinotochordal space during the course of neural crest migration and codistributes with the HNK-1 carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	133-145	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	127-132
8626722-8	1996	The copurification of calreticulin and endomannosidase from a Golgi fraction in comparable amounts and the strikingly similar saccharide specificities of the chaperone and the processing enzyme have suggested a tentative model for the dissociation through glucose removal of calreticulin-glycoprotein complexes in a post-endoplasmic reticulum locale; in this scheme, deglucosylation would be brought about by the action of endomannosidase rather than glucosidase II.	Carbohydrates	126-136	calreticulin	Homo sapiens	22-34
8844030-0	1996	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin as a screening marker for drinking in a general hospital population.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
8727236-0	1996	Sensitivity and specificity of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin as a marker of alcohol abuse are significantly influenced by alterations in serum transferrin: comparison of two methods.	Carbohydrates	31-43	transferrin	Homo sapiens	54-65
8727236-0	1996	Sensitivity and specificity of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin as a marker of alcohol abuse are significantly influenced by alterations in serum transferrin: comparison of two methods.	Carbohydrates	31-43	transferrin	Homo sapiens	148-159
8727236-1	1996	Despite a number of investigations suggesting the value of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) as a marker of alcohol abuse, a variety of issues on the applicability of CDT measurements in clinical settings have remained unexplored.	Carbohydrates	59-71	transferrin	Homo sapiens	82-93
8844030-1	1996	We investigated the usefulness of the laboratory marker of alcohol consumption carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in 101 consecutively admitted patients in a surgical and internal medical ward of a hospital in a rural wine-growing area.	Carbohydrates	79-91	transferrin	Homo sapiens	102-113
8844031-0	1996	Alcohol dependence: is carbohydrate-deficient transferrin a marker for alcohol intake?	Carbohydrates	23-35	transferrin	Homo sapiens	46-57
8844032-0	1996	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin as a marker of alcohol intake: a study with healthy subjects.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
8844037-0	1996	Comparative sensitivity of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and gamma-glutamyltransferase.	Carbohydrates	27-39	transferrin	Homo sapiens	50-61
8665779-0	1996	Carbohydrate metabolism in insulin resistance: glucose uptake and lactate production by adipose and forearm tissues in vivo before and after a mixed meal.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	27-34
8625357-1	1996	The Monte Carlo simulated annealing method was effectively used to predict the three-dimensional structure of the carbohydrate part of two glycoproteins: 1 vsg and 2 fbj from a protein data bank, utilizing a soft-sphere potential.	Carbohydrates	114-126	glycoprotein 2	Homo sapiens	139-165
8666674-10	1996	FucT-IV transfected Jurkat cells synthesized low avidity ligands for E-selectin but only in association with CDw65 (VIM-2) carbohydrate epitope.	Carbohydrates	123-135	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	0-7
8732716-5	1996	Postprandial insulin levels were significantly higher after the high-carbohydrate diet in the group on diet along (248 +/- 32 vs. 192 +/- 28 pmol/l, P &lt; 0.01), while no significant differences were observed in the other group (226 +/- 19 vs. 202 +/- 24 pmol/l) The high-carbohydrate diet also induced a significant increase in fasting plasma triglyceride concentrations in both groups (1.36 +/- 0.2 vs. 1.12 +/- 0.2 mmol/l, P &lt; 0.05 and 1.4 +/- 0.3 vs. 1.1 +/- 0.1 mmol/l, P &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	69-81	insulin	Homo sapiens	13-20
8732716-5	1996	Postprandial insulin levels were significantly higher after the high-carbohydrate diet in the group on diet along (248 +/- 32 vs. 192 +/- 28 pmol/l, P &lt; 0.01), while no significant differences were observed in the other group (226 +/- 19 vs. 202 +/- 24 pmol/l) The high-carbohydrate diet also induced a significant increase in fasting plasma triglyceride concentrations in both groups (1.36 +/- 0.2 vs. 1.12 +/- 0.2 mmol/l, P &lt; 0.05 and 1.4 +/- 0.3 vs. 1.1 +/- 0.1 mmol/l, P &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	273-285	insulin	Homo sapiens	13-20
8656048-8	1996	TNF-alpha elicited by LPS may mediate this enhanced carbohydrate metabolism at the point of glucose entry into the cell.	Carbohydrates	52-64	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	0-9
8656048-8	1996	TNF-alpha elicited by LPS may mediate this enhanced carbohydrate metabolism at the point of glucose entry into the cell.	Carbohydrates	52-64	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	22-25
8776690-5	1996	Insulin levels were also markedly lower in response to the low-carbohydrate high-fat formulas.	Carbohydrates	63-75	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
9238701-3	1996	It recognizes carbohydrate structures as ligands, in particular sialyl-Lewis(x), which is part of the CD15 antigen.	Carbohydrates	14-26	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	102-106
8609406-0	1996	A carbohydrate structure associated with CD15 (Lewis x) on myeloid cells is a novel ligand for human CD2.	Carbohydrates	2-14	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	41-45
8609406-9	1996	Thus, it is likely that CD2L is a carbohydrate structure closely associated with, yet distinct from, CD15, which can be sterically blocked by CD15 mAb.	Carbohydrates	34-46	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	142-146
8609406-4	1996	In this study we show that mAbs specific for the carbohydrate Ag Lewis x (CD15, Gal-beta 1-4 GlcNAc alpha 1-3Fuc) inhibit multimeric rCD2 binding to CD2L.	Carbohydrates	49-61	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	74-78
8609406-11	1996	Collectively, this study indicates that a CD15 (Lewis x)-associated carbohydrate structure(s), which has previously been shown to be a selectin ligand, also may function as an important CD2 ligand on myeloid cells.	Carbohydrates	68-80	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	42-46
8739681-5	1996	These bands probably represent transferrin isoforms, with different carbohydrate side chains.	Carbohydrates	68-80	transferrin	Homo sapiens	31-42
8666913-4	1996	Interactions between Ly-49A and C and their class I ligands are entirely blocked by the antibodies 5E6, YE1/48, YE1/32, and A1, all of which were found to recognize epitopes contained within the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD).	Carbohydrates	195-207	killer cell lectin-like receptor, subfamily A, member 1	Mus musculus	21-27
8928771-0	1996	Glycogen: a carbohydrate source for GLUT-1 glycosylation during glucose deprivation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes.	Carbohydrates	12-24	solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1	Cricetulus griseus	36-42
8670743-9	1996	Mannose and N-acetyl-glucosamine are major carbohydrate monomers of the oligosaccaride chains of human rhodopsin, and a relatively high percentage of the oligosaccharide chains are galactosylated.	Carbohydrates	43-55	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	103-112
8773746-13	1996	The implications of this enhanced insulin release are not fully clear, but it may tentatively be associated with carbohydrate craving and subsequently increased risks for development of obesity and insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	113-125	insulin	Homo sapiens	34-41
8605672-0	1996	Nephelometric determination of carbohydrate deficient transferrin.	Carbohydrates	31-43	transferrin	Homo sapiens	54-65
8605672-1	1996	We describe a technique for measuring carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in serum.	Carbohydrates	38-50	transferrin	Homo sapiens	61-72
8602862-9	1996	We also characterized by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis the carbohydrate deficient transferrin.	Carbohydrates	65-77	transferrin	Homo sapiens	88-99
8631806-0	1996	Characterization of carbohydrate-binding protein p33/41: relation with annexin IV, molecular basis of the doublet forms (p33 and p41), and modulation of the carbohydrate binding activity by phospholipids.	Carbohydrates	20-32	annexin A4	Bos taurus	71-81
8848343-9	1996	The rate of carbohydrate absorption was greater from the glucose polymers than from the lactose solution (0.40 +/- 0.10 mg.min-1.cm-1 versus 0.22 +/- 0.06, respectively).	Carbohydrates	12-24	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	123-128
9845039-2	1996	The laboratory values of a number of biological "markers", including carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, are often elevated in cases of chronic and acute alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	69-81	transferrin	Homo sapiens	92-103
8737002-2	1996	The laboratory values of a number of biological "markers", including carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, are often elevated in cases of chronic and acute alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	69-81	transferrin	Homo sapiens	92-103
8631269-10	1996	The anti-adhesive quality of the mucin resides in the sialic acid residues of the carbohydrate side chains.	Carbohydrates	82-94	mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Gallus gallus	33-38
8737716-1	1996	OBJECTIVE: Serum alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) is an acute-phase glycoprotein which contains three carbohydrate side chains, N-glycosidically linked to the asparagine molecules (Asn46, Asn83 and Asn247) of the single polypeptide unit.	Carbohydrates	101-113	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	17-36
8737716-1	1996	OBJECTIVE: Serum alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) is an acute-phase glycoprotein which contains three carbohydrate side chains, N-glycosidically linked to the asparagine molecules (Asn46, Asn83 and Asn247) of the single polypeptide unit.	Carbohydrates	101-113	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	38-47
8668857-2	1996	Abnormalities of carbohydrate metabolism, specifically tissue insulin resistance, may underlie the constellation of clinical and pathophysiological characteristics commonly observed in African American hypertensive subjects.	Carbohydrates	17-29	insulin	Homo sapiens	62-69
8724031-0	1996	Control of hepatic carbohydrate metabolism and haemodynamics in perfused rat liver by arterial and portal angiotensin II.	Carbohydrates	19-31	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	106-120
8684772-5	1996	Maternal responses to these demands consist of an accelerated switch from carbohydrate to fat utilization that is facilitated by peripheral insulin resistance and by high blood levels of lipolytic hormones.	Carbohydrates	74-86	insulin	Homo sapiens	140-147
8740163-0	1996	Interaction of lectins with their ligand carbohydrate of alpha-fetoprotein: analysis by mixed-lectin affinity electrophoresis.	Carbohydrates	41-53	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	57-74
8598545-8	1996	In liver, refeeding the high carbohydrate diet induced the expression of ACC, FAS and S14 mRNA 20-30 fold compared with the values found in 48-h starved animals.	Carbohydrates	29-41	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	86-89
8626776-14	1996	Functionally, it appears that P-selectin has retained a conserved carbohydrate and calcium coordination site that enables it to bind carbohydrate in a manner that is quite similar to that which has been determined for the rat mannose-binding protein.	Carbohydrates	66-78	selectin P	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
8626776-4	1996	P-selectin adhesion to leukocytes is mediated by the amino-terminal lectin domain that binds the sialyl LewisX (sLeX) carbohydrate (Neu5Acalpha2-3Galbeta1-4(Fucalpha1-3)GlcNAc).	Carbohydrates	118-130	selectin P	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
8626776-14	1996	Functionally, it appears that P-selectin has retained a conserved carbohydrate and calcium coordination site that enables it to bind carbohydrate in a manner that is quite similar to that which has been determined for the rat mannose-binding protein.	Carbohydrates	133-145	selectin P	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
8626776-9	1996	This substitution changed P-selectin-carbohydrate binding specificity from sLeX to oligomannose.	Carbohydrates	37-49	selectin P	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
8605227-3	1996	Previously it was demonstrated that acetylcholinesterase interacted in a carbohydrate-specific manner with peritoneal macrophages and induced the "respiratory burst" [1].	Carbohydrates	73-85	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	36-56
8605227-4	1996	This study aimed to establish whether a carbohydrate-binding site exists on the acetylcholinesterase molecule itself, or alternatively, whether the macrophage carbohydrate-binding receptor is involved.	Carbohydrates	40-52	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	80-100
8651463-0	1996	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin evaluation in dry blood spots.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
8577771-1	1996	B1(dsFv)-PE33 is a recombinant immunotoxin composed of a mutant form of Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE) that does not need proteolytic activation and a disulfide-stabilized Fv fragment of the anti-Lewis(y) monoclonal antibody B1, which recognizes a carbohydrate epitope on human carcinoma cells.	Carbohydrates	243-255	immunoglobulin kappa variable 7-3 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	0-13
8651463-1	1996	The aim of this study was to assess the performance of the isoelectric focusing/immunoblotting/laser densitometry (IEF/IB/LD) procedure to evaluate carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) derived from dry blood spots.	Carbohydrates	148-160	transferrin	Homo sapiens	171-182
8850303-8	1996	These results suggest that THP-1 cells which have been differentiated into macrophages bind the oxidized erythrocytes primarily through the recognition of poly-N-acetyllactosaminyl saccharide chains of band 3, and the site of the recognition exists in the nonreducing terminal region of the saccharide chains.	Carbohydrates	181-191	GLI family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	27-32
8698393-9	1996	As the interaction between CD23 and CD21 has been suggested to involve recognition of carbohydrate structures on CD21 by the lectin-like domain on CD23, we also tested the effect of some different sugars on IgE synthesis and proliferation.	Carbohydrates	86-98	complement C3d receptor 2	Homo sapiens	36-40
8967303-2	1996	The determination of serum levels of carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) and transferrin ratio in the persistent abusive alcohol consumer arises with promising utility in the study of alcohol related disorders.	Carbohydrates	37-49	transferrin	Homo sapiens	60-71
8698393-9	1996	As the interaction between CD23 and CD21 has been suggested to involve recognition of carbohydrate structures on CD21 by the lectin-like domain on CD23, we also tested the effect of some different sugars on IgE synthesis and proliferation.	Carbohydrates	86-98	complement C3d receptor 2	Homo sapiens	113-117
8729555-2	1996	This study compared newer potential biochemical markers of excessive alcohol consumption [carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), mitochondrial AST (mAST) and alpha glutathione-s-transferase (alpha-GST)] with conventional markers (AST, ALT, GGT, MCV).	Carbohydrates	90-102	transferrin	Homo sapiens	113-124
8655743-1	1996	kappa-Casein was purified from a single batch of whole acid casein (kappa-A variant) using different methods in order to compare their merits in producing a purified material with a carbohydrate and phosphate heterogeneity representative of the whole kappa-casein complement in milk.	Carbohydrates	182-194	casein kappa	Bos taurus	0-12
8557671-1	1996	The structural basis of carbohydrate recognition by rat liver mannose-binding protein (MBP-C) has been explored by determining the three-dimensional structure of the C-type carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of MBP-C using x-ray crystallography.	Carbohydrates	24-36	mannose binding lectin 2	Rattus norvegicus	87-92
8745401-2	1996	CD23 specifically interacts in a calcium-dependent manner, "lectin-like" with carbohydrate moieties expressed on CD21 and CD11b/c, but also "lectin-unlike" with protein epitopes on IgE.	Carbohydrates	78-90	complement C3d receptor 2	Homo sapiens	113-117
8557103-3	1996	An abundant carbohydrate moiety (40% of molecular mass) is mainly represented by vertebrate mucin-type O-linked disaccharide units Gal(beta 1-3)-GalNAc, occupying about a half of the total number of Ser+Thr residues and rendering the GP molecule high resistance to protease action.	Carbohydrates	12-24	beta galactosidase	Drosophila melanogaster	131-151
8557671-1	1996	The structural basis of carbohydrate recognition by rat liver mannose-binding protein (MBP-C) has been explored by determining the three-dimensional structure of the C-type carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of MBP-C using x-ray crystallography.	Carbohydrates	24-36	mannose binding lectin 2	Rattus norvegicus	214-219
8557671-1	1996	The structural basis of carbohydrate recognition by rat liver mannose-binding protein (MBP-C) has been explored by determining the three-dimensional structure of the C-type carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of MBP-C using x-ray crystallography.	Carbohydrates	173-185	mannose binding lectin 2	Rattus norvegicus	87-92
8557671-1	1996	The structural basis of carbohydrate recognition by rat liver mannose-binding protein (MBP-C) has been explored by determining the three-dimensional structure of the C-type carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of MBP-C using x-ray crystallography.	Carbohydrates	173-185	mannose binding lectin 2	Rattus norvegicus	214-219
9095257-7	1996	A fourth determinant involved the carbohydrate moiety on Asn13 of PLA.	Carbohydrates	34-46	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	66-69
8672168-0	1996	Longitudinal comparison of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and gamma-glutamyl transferase: complementary markers of excessive alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	27-39	transferrin	Homo sapiens	50-61
8672168-13	1996	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and GGT were not significantly correlated.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
8672168-1	1996	The utility of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) as biochemical markers of excessive alcohol consumption was studied in alcohol-dependent subjects.	Carbohydrates	15-27	transferrin	Homo sapiens	38-49
8825618-2	1996	Here, we investigated whether HIV envelope glycoprotein gp120 was able to interact with surface membrane carbohydrates of CD4+ cells by means of such lectin-carbohydrate interactions.	Carbohydrates	105-118	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	122-125
8825618-2	1996	Here, we investigated whether HIV envelope glycoprotein gp120 was able to interact with surface membrane carbohydrates of CD4+ cells by means of such lectin-carbohydrate interactions.	Carbohydrates	105-117	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	122-125
8825618-7	1996	These findings indicate that, independently of the binding to CD4, mannosyl structures on CD4+ cells may play a role through lectin-carbohydrate interactions in envelope glycoprotein binding to a putative coreceptor(s) of HIV.	Carbohydrates	132-144	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	90-93
8615602-4	1996	RESULTS: Inhibition of N- or O-glycosylation of proteins during IL-2 activation leads to a 70-80% decrease in the cytolytic activity of LAK cells against K562 and Daudi tumour cells, coinciding with drastic alterations in their cell surface carbohydrate profile.	Carbohydrates	241-253	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	64-68
8604670-0	1996	Types of carbohydrate in an ordinary diet affect insulin action and muscle substrates in humans.	Carbohydrates	9-21	insulin	Homo sapiens	49-56
8604670-8	1996	It is concluded that when ingesting a diet with an energy composition common in Western countries, switching the carbohydrates from high to low GI sources decreases insulin action on whole-body glucose disposal at a high but not at a physiologic plasma insulin concentration.	Carbohydrates	113-126	insulin	Homo sapiens	165-172
8739075-7	1996	Restriction of dietary fat and high intake of fibre and complex carbohydrate have been shown to normalise insulin levels in a proportion of subjects with hyperinsulinaemia.	Carbohydrates	64-76	insulin	Homo sapiens	106-113
8741810-8	1996	Using this approach, we have identified multiple abnormalities in the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in subjects with a diverse array of insulin-resistant states characterized by variable degrees of glucose intolerance.	Carbohydrates	84-96	insulin	Homo sapiens	154-161
8667467-0	1996	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin for identification of drug overdose patients at risk of an alcohol withdrawal syndrome.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
8739979-0	1996	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin values in neonatal and umbilical cord blood.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
8707164-5	1996	Most of the saccharide chains of low-molecular-weight heparins are composed of less than 18 saccharides and have reduced ability to inhibit thrombin relative to their ability to inhibit factor Xa.	Carbohydrates	12-22	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	140-148
8667467-5	1996	Carbohydrate deficient transferrin is considered a highly specific marker (reported maximum specificity 97%, sensitivity 40-85%) for identifying alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
8667467-6	1996	METHODS: In 20 patients with acute drug overdose and suspected alcohol abuse, carbohydrate deficient transferrin was determined by an immunoturbidimetric assay on admission to the intensive care unit.	Carbohydrates	78-90	transferrin	Homo sapiens	101-112
8667467-7	1996	Eight of the patients had carbohydrate deficient transferrin levels above the "positive" threshold and nine in a suspicious range.	Carbohydrates	26-38	transferrin	Homo sapiens	49-60
8667467-8	1996	A "false" negative carbohydrate deficient transferrin was found in three patients who were thought to have changed their drinking habits prior to hospitalization.	Carbohydrates	19-31	transferrin	Homo sapiens	42-53
8667467-9	1996	A "positive" carbohydrate deficient transferrin test is assumed to be associated with ingestion of more than 60-80 g ethanol/d for a period of more than seven days.	Carbohydrates	13-25	transferrin	Homo sapiens	36-47
8667467-13	1996	Since alcohol addiction is frequently denied, determination of carbohydrate deficient transferrin may be useful for its early diagnosis but the sensitivity of this parameter requires further evaluation.	Carbohydrates	63-75	transferrin	Homo sapiens	86-97
8950359-3	1996	Given that PSMA is known to be a 750 amino acid protein of about 84,000 daltons, a substantial portion, perhaps 20-25% of the native molecular weight, is composed of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	166-179	folate hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	11-15
8761009-4	1996	These data indicate that agonist specificities of different ANF-sensitive guanylyl cyclases are influenced by carbohydrate moieties.	Carbohydrates	110-122	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	60-63
8676816-9	1996	Our results point to a threshold limit for PTH"s inhibitory effect on IRI secretion and suggest that other factors, known to affect IRI secretion and GT besides PTH levels, may modulate the role played by excess PTH levels on carbohydrate metabolism of dialysis patients.	Carbohydrates	226-238	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	43-46
8893165-10	1996	This is, to our knowledge, the first report explaining the change in the carbohydrate structure of AFP with different affinity to ConA on the enzymatic basis in a renal cell carcinoma.	Carbohydrates	73-85	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	99-102
8771282-6	1996	Also, carbohydrate ingestion during or immediately after resistance exercise has been shown to increase postexercise insulin and growth hormone levels, which may lead to increased protein synthesis and hypertrophy, although this has not been systematically investigated.	Carbohydrates	6-18	insulin	Homo sapiens	117-124
8771282-6	1996	Also, carbohydrate ingestion during or immediately after resistance exercise has been shown to increase postexercise insulin and growth hormone levels, which may lead to increased protein synthesis and hypertrophy, although this has not been systematically investigated.	Carbohydrates	6-18	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	129-143
8771677-1	1996	The authors studied hormonal regulation of carbohydrate metabolism by secretion of insulin, C-peptide in 86 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis with different functional condition of the kidneys.	Carbohydrates	43-55	insulin	Homo sapiens	83-90
8771677-1	1996	The authors studied hormonal regulation of carbohydrate metabolism by secretion of insulin, C-peptide in 86 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis with different functional condition of the kidneys.	Carbohydrates	43-55	insulin	Homo sapiens	92-101
8749821-0	1995	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in alcohol and nonalcohol abusers with liver disease.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
8519805-19	1995	Interestingly, resonances of the carbohydrate bound to intact hemopexin and domain I were also perturbed by heme binding.	Carbohydrates	33-45	hemopexin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	62-71
18623533-2	1995	In addition to cell growth, metabolite, and productivity data, a detailed analysis of the carbohydrate structures attached to each glycosylation site of IFN-gamma was achieved using matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) in combination with exoglycosidase array sequencing.	Carbohydrates	90-102	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	153-162
8526907-0	1995	Recognition of human recombinant myelin associated glycoprotein by anti-carbohydrate antibodies of the L2/HNK-1 family.	Carbohydrates	72-84	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	106-111
8526907-1	1995	The L2 and HNK-1 monoclonal antibodies recognize carbohydrate determinants containing sulfate-3-glucuronate that are prominent on cells of neural crest lineages.	Carbohydrates	49-61	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	11-16
8526907-4	1995	We now provide in vivo evidence that a human melanoma cell line can produce glycoproteins such as fibronectin, which is recognized by both the L2 and HNK-1 antibodies, and simultaneously a transfected Myelin Associated Glycoprotein carrying only L2-type carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	254-267	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	98-109
8749821-1	1995	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) has been demonstrated to be a marker of prolonged heavy alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
8749824-0	1995	Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and carbohydrate deficient transferrin: alternative measures of excessive alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	33-45	transferrin	Homo sapiens	56-67
8572233-1	1995	Two carbohydrate-dependent mechanisms exist on alveolar macrophages to clear mannose-containing pathogens: receptor-mediated entry of non-opsonized microorganisms via the mannose receptor and receptor recognition of pathogens opsonized with surfactant-associated protein A (SP-A).	Carbohydrates	4-16	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	241-272
8749824-1	1995	Both gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin have been extensively researched as biological markers of heavy alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	38-50	transferrin	Homo sapiens	61-72
8572233-1	1995	Two carbohydrate-dependent mechanisms exist on alveolar macrophages to clear mannose-containing pathogens: receptor-mediated entry of non-opsonized microorganisms via the mannose receptor and receptor recognition of pathogens opsonized with surfactant-associated protein A (SP-A).	Carbohydrates	4-16	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	274-278
8593919-3	1995	The introduction of insulin in the 1920s and then of oral hypoglycaemic drugs led to various studies evaluating the biochemical characteristics of carbohydrates and their effects on glucose metabolism in diabetic patients.	Carbohydrates	147-160	insulin	Homo sapiens	20-27
8679801-0	1995	[Evaluation of the efficacy of naltrexone in alcoholism by the determination of serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin].	Carbohydrates	86-98	transferrin	Homo sapiens	109-120
8679801-2	1995	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in serum is a new biologic marker of alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
24394420-5	1995	Both physical inactivity and an energy-dense diet high in saturated fat and fibre-depleted carbohydrate have been shown to increase insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	91-103	insulin	Homo sapiens	132-139
7594549-11	1995	Thus, the carbohydrate moieties of SP-A appear to be critical in the SP-A-macrophage interaction.	Carbohydrates	10-22	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	35-39
8750170-0	1995	Elevated levels of serum carbohydrate deficient transferrin are not specific for alcohol abuse in patients with liver disease.	Carbohydrates	25-37	transferrin	Homo sapiens	48-59
8750170-1	1995	BACKGROUND: Serum carbohydrate deficient transferrin is a marker of chronic alcohol consumption; it increases above normal in healthy individuals after a daily alcohol intake of more than 60 g/d for more than 2 weeks.	Carbohydrates	18-30	transferrin	Homo sapiens	41-52
8750170-2	1995	The influence of liver disease itself on carbohydrate deficient transferrin levels has not been sufficiently established.	Carbohydrates	41-53	transferrin	Homo sapiens	64-75
8750170-3	1995	METHODS: We investigated serum levels of carbohydrate deficient transferrin in 196 consecutive patients admitted to our Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit and correlated this parameter with the patients" statements about alcohol intake during the previous 2 weeks and with other markers of chronic alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	41-53	transferrin	Homo sapiens	64-75
8750170-4	1995	RESULTS: In our patient population, carbohydrate deficient transferrin had the best overall performance with respect to sensitivity (88%), specificity (82%), and negative predictive value (98%), as compared to other markers, although specificity was much lower than previously reported in patients without liver disease.	Carbohydrates	36-48	transferrin	Homo sapiens	59-70
7594549-11	1995	Thus, the carbohydrate moieties of SP-A appear to be critical in the SP-A-macrophage interaction.	Carbohydrates	10-22	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	69-73
8750170-8	1995	An increased carbohydrate deficient transferrin level, however, cannot be regarded as reliable evidence for chronic alcohol abuse in patients with liver disease.	Carbohydrates	13-25	transferrin	Homo sapiens	36-47
8618811-0	1995	[Influence of long-term treatment with human recombinant erythropoietin on secretion of hormones regulating carbohydrate metabolism in hemodialyzed patients with chronic uremia].	Carbohydrates	108-120	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	57-71
8618811-11	1995	Our results suggest that rhu-EPO treatment exerts a profound effect on carbohydrate metabolism and secretion of IRI.	Carbohydrates	71-83	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	29-32
7592941-9	1995	This suggests that the carbohydrate moiety of the central core of C4BP is important for binding of C4BP to SAP in contrast to the C4BP beta-chain, which is not required.	Carbohydrates	23-35	complement component 4 binding protein alpha	Homo sapiens	66-70
7592941-9	1995	This suggests that the carbohydrate moiety of the central core of C4BP is important for binding of C4BP to SAP in contrast to the C4BP beta-chain, which is not required.	Carbohydrates	23-35	complement component 4 binding protein alpha	Homo sapiens	99-103
7592944-2	1995	Glycophorin A is a protein with an abundant glycosylation (60% carbohydrate by weight), and studies have suggested that resistance of target cells to natural killing may be correlated with the level of glycophorin A expression.	Carbohydrates	63-75	glycophorin A (MNS blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-13
7592941-9	1995	This suggests that the carbohydrate moiety of the central core of C4BP is important for binding of C4BP to SAP in contrast to the C4BP beta-chain, which is not required.	Carbohydrates	23-35	complement component 4 binding protein alpha	Homo sapiens	99-103
8552716-1	1995	The release of elicitor-active carbohydrates from fungal cell walls by beta-1,3-endoglucanase contained in host tissues has been implicated as one of the earliest processes in the interaction between soybean (Glycine max) and the fungal pathogen Phytophthora megasperma f. sp.	Carbohydrates	31-44	glucan endo-1,3-beta-glucosidase	Glycine max	71-93
7590664-0	1995	Serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin: mechanism of increase after chronic alcohol intake.	Carbohydrates	6-18	transferrin	Rattus norvegicus	29-40
7590664-1	1995	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is now considered to be the most sensitive and specific biological marker of alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Rattus norvegicus	23-34
8552716-4	1995	Gel-filtration chromatography of carbohydrates released from mycelial walls by purified soybean beta-1,3-endoglucanase resolved them into the four fractions (elicitor-active RE-I, -II, and -III and elicitor-inactive RE-IV).	Carbohydrates	33-46	glucan endo-1,3-beta-glucosidase	Glycine max	96-118
7590346-3	1995	To begin to investigate biological functions for carbohydrates with a bisected GlcNAc residue, we have cloned and partially characterized the mouse gene (Mgat3) encoding GlcNAc-TIII.	Carbohydrates	49-62	mannoside acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3	Mus musculus	154-159
7487915-4	1995	Chinese hamster ovary clones which were transfected with these mutant GLUT1s were shown, by Western blotting and cell-surface carbohydrate labelling, to have expression levels which were comparable with the wild-type clone.	Carbohydrates	126-138	solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1	Cricetulus griseus	70-75
7487895-7	1995	As both glucose analogues are transported, but only 2-deoxyglucose is phosphorylated, this indicates that glucose transport and metabolism to glucose 6-phosphate is essential for insulin regulation of VSMC [Ca2+]i, possibly via a glucose-6-phosphate-dependent carbohydrate-response element in the Ca2(+)-ATPase gene.	Carbohydrates	260-272	insulin	Homo sapiens	179-186
7493446-2	1995	Dystrophin-deficient hindlimb muscles of mdx mice undergo necrosis at the time of weaning when the motor activity of the mice greatly increases and muscle energy metabolism becomes more dependent on insulin and carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	211-224	dystrophin, muscular dystrophy	Mus musculus	0-10
7559549-11	1995	Intracellular B beta and gamma chains, but not the A alpha chains in secreted fibrinogen, were cleaved by endoglycosidase H. Carbohydrate analysis indicated that secreted recombinant fibrinogen contained N-linked asialo-galactosylated biantennary oligosaccharide.	Carbohydrates	125-137	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	183-193
7476303-0	1995	Carbohydrate metabolism in primary growth hormone resistance (Laron syndrome) before and during insulin-like growth factor-I treatment.	Carbohydrates	0-12	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	35-49
8548566-10	1995	Long chain carbohydrate moieties with a structure fulfilling the criteria for i reactivity on human placental fibronectin are known to have antiadhesive properties and to enhance resistance of the protein chain to proteolysis.	Carbohydrates	11-23	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	110-121
8523212-6	1995	These results strongly support the view that fucose containing carbohydrate moieties of human K-casein are important for inhibition of H. pylori adhesion and, thus, infection.	Carbohydrates	63-75	casein kappa	Bos taurus	94-102
7665591-9	1995	The carbohydrate chains of the LHR appear to be involved in intramolecular folding of the nascent receptor rather than in its interaction with the hormone.	Carbohydrates	4-16	luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	31-34
8560432-0	1995	Estimation of the carbohydrate moiety of von Willebrand factor in the plasma of patients with subtypes 2a and 2b of von Willebrand disease.	Carbohydrates	18-30	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	41-62
8560432-3	1995	Whereas recent studies have identified mutations in patients suffering from type 2 vWD, the integrity of the carbohydrate moiety of vWF in these patients is still matter of debate.	Carbohydrates	109-121	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	132-135
8560432-4	1995	In order to analyse in the plasma milieu the carbohydrate content of plasma vWF from various well-characterized type 2 vWD patients, we developed a colorimetric assay in microtiter plate based on the use of peroxidase-conjugated lectins specific for either alpha 2-6 sialic acid or beta 1-4 galactose.	Carbohydrates	45-57	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	76-79
7503419-0	1995	Effect of separation conditions on automated isoelectric focusing of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and other human isotransferrins using the PhastSystem.	Carbohydrates	69-81	transferrin	Homo sapiens	92-103
7503419-8	1995	For determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, such conditions resulted in overestimation of the marker of chronic alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	21-33	transferrin	Homo sapiens	44-55
7588709-3	1995	The beta-trace protein was purified by immunoaffinity chromatography and N-linked oligosaccharides were subjected to carbohydrate structural analysis.	Carbohydrates	117-129	prostaglandin D2 synthase	Homo sapiens	4-22
7589124-0	1995	Sialyl LewisX carbohydrate is expressed differentially during avian lymphoid cell development.	Carbohydrates	14-26	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	7-13
7545665-6	1995	The identification of a peptide ligand for E-selectin suggests that the complete natural ligand for this adhesion molecule may include protein as well as carbohydrate moieties.	Carbohydrates	154-166	selectin, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	43-53
7665621-2	1995	The carbohydrate response element (ChoRE) of the S14 gene was found to consist of two motifs related to the consensus binding site for the c-myc family of transcription factors, CACGTG.	Carbohydrates	4-16	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
8554653-3	1995	The geometric mean values for the concentration of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in the serum were similar in the two ethnic groups.	Carbohydrates	51-63	transferrin	Homo sapiens	74-85
7589124-1	1995	Sialyl LewisX is a carbohydrate moiety involved in the regulation of white blood cell adhesion to endothelial cells.	Carbohydrates	19-31	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	7-13
7589124-2	1995	In this work, we have studied the expression, localization and function of sialyl LewisX carbohydrate on maturing B and T cells and the stroma of avian bursa, thymus and spleen as well as the role of sialyl LewisX in the generation of immune response and formation of germinal centers in the spleen.	Carbohydrates	89-101	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	82-88
8578189-2	1995	BACKGROUND: After nutrient ingestion there is an early response of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) immunoreactivity, although GLP-1 is mainly produced in endocrine cells from the lower gut (ileum and colon/rectum), suggesting that indirect stimulation is important after the ingestion of carbohydrates that are predominantly absorbed from the upper intestine.	Carbohydrates	288-301	glucagon	Homo sapiens	67-90
8541422-9	1995	CONCLUSIONS: Three days treatment with GH enhanced nitrogen sparing and attenuated changes in fat and carbohydrate oxidation induced by one day treatment, but induced hypertrophy of type I muscle fibres.	Carbohydrates	102-114	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	39-41
7643106-0	1995	Carbohydrate analysis of the B2 bradykinin receptor from rat uterus.	Carbohydrates	0-12	bradykinin receptor B2	Rattus norvegicus	29-51
7643106-3	1995	Carbohydrate analysis of the rat B2 bradykinin receptor indicated that it was a sialoglycoprotein with three N-linked complex oligosaccharide side chains.	Carbohydrates	0-12	bradykinin receptor B2	Rattus norvegicus	33-55
8578189-2	1995	BACKGROUND: After nutrient ingestion there is an early response of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) immunoreactivity, although GLP-1 is mainly produced in endocrine cells from the lower gut (ileum and colon/rectum), suggesting that indirect stimulation is important after the ingestion of carbohydrates that are predominantly absorbed from the upper intestine.	Carbohydrates	288-301	glucagon	Homo sapiens	92-97
8523269-6	1995	The differences in the saccharide-chain of flavonoids induced the variety of TNF production.	Carbohydrates	23-33	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	77-80
7625352-0	1995	Long-term effects of a high-carbohydrate diet and exercise on insulin action in older subjects with impaired glucose tolerance.	Carbohydrates	28-40	insulin	Homo sapiens	62-69
7485846-0	1995	Detection of relapses in alcohol-dependent patients using carbohydrate-deficient transferrin: improvement with individualized reference levels during long-term monitoring.	Carbohydrates	58-70	transferrin	Homo sapiens	81-92
7485846-1	1995	The present study examined whether the sensitivity of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in serum, a biochemical marker of recent excessive alcohol consumption, could be improved during long-term monitoring by introducing individualized cut-offs between normal and elevated CDT levels.	Carbohydrates	54-66	transferrin	Homo sapiens	77-88
7485848-11	1995	On admission, the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was significantly larger for carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and preoperatively for norharman.	Carbohydrates	103-115	transferrin	Homo sapiens	126-137
7485848-15	1995	Preoperative norharman was superior to carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and was associated with a prolonged ICU stay and a prolonged period of mechanical ventilation.	Carbohydrates	39-51	transferrin	Homo sapiens	62-73
7629198-8	1995	This implies that these sulfated carbohydrate moieties are primarily responsible for proteoglycan.A beta interaction.	Carbohydrates	33-45	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	98-104
7639518-0	1995	Role of carbohydrates in oxidative modification of fibrinogen and other plasma proteins.	Carbohydrates	8-21	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	51-61
8531842-3	1995	I propose that insulin, acting centrally as a signal of carbohydrate availability, promotes TRH secretion by inhibiting release of neuropeptide Y in the paraventricular nucleus.	Carbohydrates	56-68	insulin	Homo sapiens	15-22
8522119-0	1995	[Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and liver diseases.	Carbohydrates	1-13	transferrin	Homo sapiens	24-35
8522119-2	1995	OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin has been proposed as a marker of alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	24-36	transferrin	Homo sapiens	47-58
8522119-3	1995	The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the carbohydrate-deficient transferrin serum level, measured by ion exchange chromatography followed by radioimmunoassay (Kit CDTect), for the diagnosis of excessive alcohol intake in patients with liver diseases.	Carbohydrates	58-70	transferrin	Homo sapiens	81-92
8522119-6	1995	RESULTS: The sensitivity of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin for the diagnosis of excessive alcohol intake was 35%, and the specificity was 91%.	Carbohydrates	28-40	transferrin	Homo sapiens	51-62
8522119-7	1995	By pairing carbohydrate-deficient transferrin with other markers of alcohol consumption, the sensitivity of the association of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and gammaglutamyl transpeptidase was 96%, and the specificity was 59%.	Carbohydrates	11-23	transferrin	Homo sapiens	34-45
8522119-7	1995	By pairing carbohydrate-deficient transferrin with other markers of alcohol consumption, the sensitivity of the association of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and gammaglutamyl transpeptidase was 96%, and the specificity was 59%.	Carbohydrates	11-23	transferrin	Homo sapiens	150-161
8522119-7	1995	By pairing carbohydrate-deficient transferrin with other markers of alcohol consumption, the sensitivity of the association of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and gammaglutamyl transpeptidase was 96%, and the specificity was 59%.	Carbohydrates	127-139	transferrin	Homo sapiens	34-45
8522119-7	1995	By pairing carbohydrate-deficient transferrin with other markers of alcohol consumption, the sensitivity of the association of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and gammaglutamyl transpeptidase was 96%, and the specificity was 59%.	Carbohydrates	127-139	transferrin	Homo sapiens	150-161
8522119-8	1995	CONCLUSION: In patients with liver diseases, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin is a specific marker of excessive alcohol intake but a lack of sensitivity may limit its use.	Carbohydrates	45-57	transferrin	Homo sapiens	68-79
7636220-5	1995	ALC Fc alpha R had a higher M(r) (60 to 90 kDa) than those of controls (55 to 75 kDa) with a similar 32-kDa protein core after N-glycanase treatment, suggesting the expression of Fc alpha R molecules with altered carbohydrate moieties.	Carbohydrates	213-225	Fc alpha receptor	Homo sapiens	4-14
7636220-5	1995	ALC Fc alpha R had a higher M(r) (60 to 90 kDa) than those of controls (55 to 75 kDa) with a similar 32-kDa protein core after N-glycanase treatment, suggesting the expression of Fc alpha R molecules with altered carbohydrate moieties.	Carbohydrates	213-225	Fc alpha receptor	Homo sapiens	179-189
7496154-5	1995	Finally, when melanoma cells are treated with inhibitors of carbohydrate processing, such as N-methyl-1-deoxynojirimycin, 1-deoxymannojirimycin and swainsonine, they still secrete a motility-stimulating autotaxin.	Carbohydrates	60-72	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2	Homo sapiens	203-212
7496154-6	1995	Therefore, the carbohydrate side chains on autotaxin are not necessary to stimulate motility; however, they may still play a role in folding, secretion or maintenance of the active conformation of the protein.	Carbohydrates	15-27	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2	Homo sapiens	43-52
7622469-1	1995	"Spot 14" is a nuclear protein that is rapidly induced by thyroid hormone (T3) and dietary carbohydrate in liver.	Carbohydrates	91-103	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	1-8
7648586-0	1995	Synthesis of the saccharide moiety of galactosylgloboside (SSEA-3) and its conjugation to bovine serum albumin and Sepharose.	Carbohydrates	17-27	albumin	Homo sapiens	97-110
8557288-7	1995	Low fat and complex carbohydrate diet along with regular aerobic exercise may help reduce abdominal obesity, improve insulin sensitivity and HDL cholesterol levels.	Carbohydrates	20-32	insulin	Homo sapiens	117-124
8563136-3	1995	Carbohydrate structural analyses were performed on the N-linked oligosaccharides of serum alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha-1AT) from two Danish children with classical type I CDGS.	Carbohydrates	0-12	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	90-109
8563136-3	1995	Carbohydrate structural analyses were performed on the N-linked oligosaccharides of serum alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha-1AT) from two Danish children with classical type I CDGS.	Carbohydrates	0-12	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	111-120
7598079-3	1995	Rapidly absorbed carbohydrates, which produce large blood glucose and insulin responses, may be in the form of both sugars and starches.	Carbohydrates	17-30	insulin	Homo sapiens	70-77
7588875-5	1995	Moesin also contains carbohydrate residues as demonstrated by immunostainings of digoxigenin-labeled sugar residues.	Carbohydrates	21-33	moesin	Homo sapiens	0-6
7540063-5	1995	Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) CSLEX-1 and HECA-452, which identify carbohydrate epitopes involving sialic acid, bound to 33% and 35% of CD34+ cells, respectively, and included the majority of CFU-GM and pre-CFU.	Carbohydrates	67-79	CD34 molecule	Homo sapiens	136-140
7543165-3	1995	Second, comparing the expression of carbohydrate antigens on highly metastatic colon cancer cell line to the parental line, the expression of SLA on the surface of highly metastatic variant was increased more intensively than the parental line.	Carbohydrates	36-48	Src like adaptor	Homo sapiens	142-145
7543165-4	1995	Finally, we investigated the contribution of carbohydrate antigens to endothelial E-selectin binding in colon and pancreatic cancer cells, and the results indicated that SLA might play a significant role in this binding.	Carbohydrates	45-57	Src like adaptor	Homo sapiens	170-173
8523629-10	1995	RESULTS: Three weeks of treatment with growth hormone, glutamine, and a modified diet increased total caloric absorption from 60.1 +/- 6.0% to 74.3 +/- 5.0% (p &lt; or = .003), protein absorption from 48.8 +/- 4.8% to 63.0 +/- 5.4% (p &lt; or = .006), and carbohydrate absorption from 60.0 +/- 9.8% to 81.5 +/- 5.3% (p &lt; or = .02).	Carbohydrates	256-268	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	39-53
7652979-0	1995	[Carbohydrate deficient transferrin--a reliable marker of alcohol abuse?].	Carbohydrates	1-13	transferrin	Homo sapiens	24-35
7652979-1	1995	Carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) is an isoform of transferrin with a reduced carbohydrate content, especially the negatively charged sialic acid.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
7652979-1	1995	Carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) is an isoform of transferrin with a reduced carbohydrate content, especially the negatively charged sialic acid.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	58-69
7652979-1	1995	Carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) is an isoform of transferrin with a reduced carbohydrate content, especially the negatively charged sialic acid.	Carbohydrates	85-97	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
7652979-1	1995	Carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) is an isoform of transferrin with a reduced carbohydrate content, especially the negatively charged sialic acid.	Carbohydrates	85-97	transferrin	Homo sapiens	58-69
7472674-0	1995	Repression of fat-dependent intestinal apo A-IV mRNA abundance by medium chain triacylglycerols and proteins, and elevation by carbohydrates of fat-dependent apo A-IV transport in suckling rat pups.	Carbohydrates	127-140	apolipoprotein A4	Rattus norvegicus	158-166
7573782-0	1995	Utility of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin as a marker of relapse in alcoholic patients.	Carbohydrates	11-23	transferrin	Homo sapiens	34-45
7573782-1	1995	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) has been proposed as a marker of alcoholism.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
7549065-9	1995	Clearance receptors on these cells are heterogeneous and include ones which recognize the carbohydrate side chains of t-PA and ones which take up t-PA: PAI-1 complexes.	Carbohydrates	90-102	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	118-122
9634799-7	1995	Carbohydrates associated with both glycosylation sites of IFN-gamma from Sf9 insect cells were mainly tri-mannosyl core structures, with fucosylation confined to the Asn25 site.	Carbohydrates	0-13	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	58-67
7768004-0	1995	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and false-positive results for alcohol abuse in primary biliary cirrhosis: differential diagnosis by detection of mitochondrial autoantibodies.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
7768004-1	1995	Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is one of the few nonalcohol-induced liver pathologies that causes false positives in assays of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) for diagnosing alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	128-140	transferrin	Homo sapiens	151-162
7789628-4	1995	The major new finding is that fat emulsion infusion, which attenuated insulin-induced stimulation of carbohydrate oxidation by 39 +/- 7% (P &lt; 0.01), did not have any detectable effect on insulin-induced vasodilatory and sympathetic responses: at the end of the 2-h clamp, blood flow and MSNA had increased by 35 +/- 6% (P &lt; 0.01) and 152 +/- 58% (P &lt; 0.01), respectively, during insulin infusion alone and by 35 +/- 7% (P &lt; 0.01) and 244 +/- 90% (P &lt; 0.01), respectively, during insulin infusion superimposed on free fatty acid infusion.	Carbohydrates	101-113	insulin	Homo sapiens	70-77
7789628-5	1995	These observations in lean healthy subjects indicate that induction of resistance to the stimulatory effects of insulin on carbohydrate metabolism does not attenuate muscle blood flow and MSNA responses evoked by acute euglycemic hyperinsulinemia.	Carbohydrates	123-135	insulin	Homo sapiens	112-119
7579794-3	1995	The mechanism of gene regulation of beta 1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta 1,4GalT), one of the glycosyltransferases involved in the synthesis of carbohydrate structures, was explored during the differentiation of F9 cells.	Carbohydrates	144-156	UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	36-66
7579794-3	1995	The mechanism of gene regulation of beta 1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta 1,4GalT), one of the glycosyltransferases involved in the synthesis of carbohydrate structures, was explored during the differentiation of F9 cells.	Carbohydrates	144-156	UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	68-80
7579798-0	1995	Characterization of a 21 amino acid peptide sequence of the laminin G2 domain that is involved in HNK-1 carbohydrate binding and cell adhesion.	Carbohydrates	104-116	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	98-103
7579798-8	1995	These observations indicate that amino acid residues 3431-3451 of the laminin G2 domain are involved in HNK-1 carbohydrate-mediated cell adhesion.	Carbohydrates	110-122	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	104-109
7755600-0	1995	Carbohydrate composition of serum transferrin isoforms from patients with high alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	34-45
7755600-3	1995	Two of the transferrin isoforms, called carbohydrate deficient transferrin, are specifically increased in patients with high alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	40-52	transferrin	Homo sapiens	11-22
7755600-3	1995	Two of the transferrin isoforms, called carbohydrate deficient transferrin, are specifically increased in patients with high alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	40-52	transferrin	Homo sapiens	63-74
7755600-7	1995	The carbohydrate deficient transferrin isoforms were found to lack one or both of their entire carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	4-16	transferrin	Homo sapiens	27-38
7755600-7	1995	The carbohydrate deficient transferrin isoforms were found to lack one or both of their entire carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	95-107	transferrin	Homo sapiens	27-38
7662805-0	1995	[Glycoproteins from Drosophila melanogaster cell culture contains O-bound carbohydrate chains of the Gal(beta1-3)GalNAc type].	Carbohydrates	74-86	beta galactosidase	Drosophila melanogaster	101-104
7766643-5	1995	In contrast, a Hill constant of about 0.5 was obtained for aldose reductase-catalysed reduction of each of the carbohydrate 2-oxoaldehydes, and for several other substrates that were examined.	Carbohydrates	111-123	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B	Homo sapiens	59-75
7662805-2	1995	This glycoprotein with an apparent molecular mass of approximately 90 kDa contains about 40% of carbohydrates, largely represented mainly by GalNAc and Gal; its polypeptide moiety is enriched with Thr, Ser, Pro and Gly.	Carbohydrates	96-109	beta galactosidase	Drosophila melanogaster	141-144
7729267-7	1995	Under all experimental conditions, ileal carbohydrate increased plasma GLP-1 by 80-100% (all P &lt; 0.005).	Carbohydrates	41-53	glucagon	Homo sapiens	71-76
7728744-5	1995	Among the parameters studied, sialyl LewisX carbohydrate up-regulation was the only variable showing significant association with poor prognosis (P &lt; 0.01).	Carbohydrates	44-56	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	37-43
7739539-3	1995	The ADD1/SREBP1 consensus E-box site is similar to a regulatory sequence designated the carbohydrate response element, defined by its ability to regulate transcription in response to carbohydrate in genes involved in fatty acid and triglyceride metabolism in liver and fat.	Carbohydrates	88-100	adducin 1	Homo sapiens	4-8
7751940-6	1995	At the midline, a thin raphe of cells that appear morphologically distinct from the radial glia express a free carbohydrate epitope, stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA-1).	Carbohydrates	111-123	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	133-167
7739539-7	1995	Promoter activation by ADD1/SREBP1 through the carbohydrate response element E box is not sensitive to the tyrosine-to-arginine mutation, while activation through SRE-1 is completely suppressed.	Carbohydrates	47-59	adducin 1	Homo sapiens	23-27
7739539-3	1995	The ADD1/SREBP1 consensus E-box site is similar to a regulatory sequence designated the carbohydrate response element, defined by its ability to regulate transcription in response to carbohydrate in genes involved in fatty acid and triglyceride metabolism in liver and fat.	Carbohydrates	183-195	adducin 1	Homo sapiens	4-8
7739539-4	1995	When expressed in fibroblasts, ADD1/SREBP1 activates transcription through both the carbohydrate response E-box element and SRE-1.	Carbohydrates	84-96	adducin 1	Homo sapiens	31-35
7741215-1	1995	The microheterogeneity of the carbohydrate structures on recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells has been evaluated by electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) of glycopeptide fragments.	Carbohydrates	30-42	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	75-89
7610137-3	1995	LPS- and IL-1 beta-treated rats ate less, but ingested relatively more carbohydrate and less protein whereas relative fat intake remained unchanged.	Carbohydrates	71-83	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	9-18
7721869-8	1995	This suggests that the carbohydrate moiety of glycine transporter GLYT1 is necessary for the proper trafficking of the protein to the plasma membrane.	Carbohydrates	23-35	solute carrier family 6 member 9	Homo sapiens	66-71
7543157-1	1995	The HNK-1 antibody recognizes a carbohydrate epitope expressed by many cell adhesion molecules in the nervous system that has been proposed to be an important adhesive determinant.	Carbohydrates	32-44	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	4-9
7543160-1	1995	A mouse monoclonal antibody (5B9), directed against a carbohydrate epitope of human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), recognized an 81-kDalton glycoprotein in buffer-soluble and detergent-solubilized rat brain extracts (BE).	Carbohydrates	54-66	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	84-116
7890416-6	1995	Using well-established assays for the utilization of the ASGP-R, we found that incubation of HepG2 cells with gonococci expressing the terminal Gal(beta 1-4)GlcNAc asialo-LOS carbohydrate structure competitively inhibited the ASGP-R from binding to one of its well-known ligands, asialo-alpha-acid-1-glycoprotein.	Carbohydrates	175-187	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	57-63
7543160-1	1995	A mouse monoclonal antibody (5B9), directed against a carbohydrate epitope of human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), recognized an 81-kDalton glycoprotein in buffer-soluble and detergent-solubilized rat brain extracts (BE).	Carbohydrates	54-66	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	118-122
7625582-0	1995	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin--a valid marker of alcoholism in population studies?	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
7625582-2	1995	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) was analyzed by a modified radioimmunoassay test in a random population sample of 400 individuals, and results were compared with reported alcohol intake derived from a structured questionnaire.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
7767845-0	1995	Carbohydrate moieties of porcine 32 kDa enamelin.	Carbohydrates	0-12	enamelin	Homo sapiens	40-48
7620328-4	1995	Adhesion experiments on fibronectin-coated surfaces that mCRP on human blood monocytes may act as a selectin-like adhesion molecule, mediating initial carbohydrate-specific contacts which are followed by peptide-specific recognition via integrin receptors.	Carbohydrates	151-163	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	24-35
7883112-2	1995	The concentration of C/EBP beta mRNA in the liver of mice and rats fed a high-carbohydrate diet, which causes a rise in blood insulin levels, was lower (80 and 65%, respectively) than that detected in animals fed a standard diet.	Carbohydrates	78-90	insulin	Homo sapiens	126-133
7705200-2	1995	To test the value of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) as a marker for chronic alcohol consumption, its concentration was measured in the serum of 74 patients (48 men, 26 women; mean age 48 [18-71] years) with various alcohol-related liver diseases, ten patients (six men, four women; mean age 61 [24-90] years) with non-alcohol related liver diseases and 30 healthy controls (12 men, 18 women; mean age 37 [19-84] years).	Carbohydrates	21-33	transferrin	Homo sapiens	44-55
7887905-5	1995	IgM monoclonal antibody MC2, recognizing the abundant neutrophil cell-surface carbohydrate CD15, also triggers a small rise in intracellular calcium but no respiratory burst.	Carbohydrates	78-90	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	91-95
7748524-0	1995	[Considerations on the use of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in officially recognized medial psychological examination centers].	Carbohydrates	30-42	transferrin	Homo sapiens	53-64
7755910-6	1995	Fc alpha R molecules on patients" neutrophils have a higher apparent molecular mass (60-90 kD) with normal protein core, suggesting expression of receptors with altered carbohydrate moieties.	Carbohydrates	169-181	Fc alpha receptor	Homo sapiens	0-10
7787164-0	1995	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in alcoholics with liver disease.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
7553131-1	1995	The mouse monoclonal antibody anti-Leu-M1 (CD15) recognizes the carbohydrate determinant lacto-N-fucopentaose III, an oligosaccharide believed to be involved in cell-cell interactions.	Carbohydrates	64-76	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	43-47
7897156-6	1995	The presence of IgE against profilin was determined in a RAST with purified grass profilin, and IgE against carbohydrate structures was determined in a RAST with proteinase K-digested grass pollen extract.	Carbohydrates	108-120	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	96-99
7787164-1	1995	To assess the relationship between carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) and alcoholic liver disease, we measured the ratio of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin to total transferrin (rCDT) in 32 male alcoholics with liver disease (Child-Pugh class A, 8; B, 11; C, 13) and 14 male alcoholics without clinically evident liver disease.	Carbohydrates	35-47	transferrin	Homo sapiens	58-69
7787164-1	1995	To assess the relationship between carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) and alcoholic liver disease, we measured the ratio of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin to total transferrin (rCDT) in 32 male alcoholics with liver disease (Child-Pugh class A, 8; B, 11; C, 13) and 14 male alcoholics without clinically evident liver disease.	Carbohydrates	130-142	transferrin	Homo sapiens	153-164
7787164-1	1995	To assess the relationship between carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) and alcoholic liver disease, we measured the ratio of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin to total transferrin (rCDT) in 32 male alcoholics with liver disease (Child-Pugh class A, 8; B, 11; C, 13) and 14 male alcoholics without clinically evident liver disease.	Carbohydrates	130-142	transferrin	Homo sapiens	153-164
7766897-5	1995	Although Epo produced by tobacco cells was glycosylated with N-linked oligosaccharides, these carbohydrates were smaller than those of the recombinant Epo produced in mammalian cells.	Carbohydrates	94-107	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	9-12
7853416-3	1995	Modified citrus pectin (pH-modified), a soluble component of plant fiber derived from citrus fruit, has been shown to interfere with cell-cell interactions mediated by cell surface carbohydrate-binding galectin-3 molecules.	Carbohydrates	181-193	galectin 3	Rattus norvegicus	202-212
7775854-12	1995	By contrast, adult rats subjected to fasting and refeeding a high carbohydrate diet, demonstrated concordant modulation of endogenous apoB mRNA editing and REPR mRNA abundance (r = 0.92, P &lt; 0.001).	Carbohydrates	66-78	apolipoprotein B	Rattus norvegicus	134-138
7771634-0	1995	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin levels in a female population.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
7771634-2	1995	Data collected included the assessment of drinking habits and other related substance use habits and serum levels of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT).	Carbohydrates	117-129	transferrin	Homo sapiens	140-151
7742784-2	1995	Since sialic acids at the terminal of the carbohydrate chains bound to fibrinogen are part of the low affinity calcium binding site necessary for polymerization, they are closely involved in the network structure of fibrin clots.	Carbohydrates	42-54	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	71-81
7852490-0	1995	The effects of short and long-term growth hormone replacement therapy in hypopituitary adults on lipid metabolism and carbohydrate tolerance.	Carbohydrates	118-130	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	35-49
7757810-4	1995	Immunological cross-reactivity and carbohydrate specificity indicate that jacalins possessing the new alpha-chain conserve structural and functional properties of the other members of Artocarpus genus.	Carbohydrates	35-47	Fc gamma receptor and transporter	Homo sapiens	102-113
7875217-0	1995	Carbohydrate-dependent, HLA class II-restricted, human T cell response to the bee venom allergen phospholipase A2 in allergic patients.	Carbohydrates	0-12	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	97-113
7781649-1	1995	Growth hormone (GH), which is well known as an anabolic agent in systemic protein metabolism but has catabolic effects on the carbohydrate metabolism in the liver, was administered to normal rabbit to investigate its effects on the hepatic energy metabolism.	Carbohydrates	126-138	somatotropin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-14
7843422-4	1995	The carbohydrate heterogeneity at Asn391 gives rise to three major types of C1s molecules of molecular masses 79,318 +/- 8 (A), 79,971 +/- 8 (B), and 80,131 +/- 8 (C), with an average mass of 79,807 +/- 8.	Carbohydrates	4-16	complement C1s	Homo sapiens	76-79
7765806-7	1995	The molecular mass of the purified rPsA is 15.6 kDa, which suggests that the molecule is secreted as a monomer and contains 12% (w/w) carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	134-146	aminopeptidase puromycin sensitive	Rattus norvegicus	35-39
7840622-0	1995	Influence of carbohydrate on structure, stability, and function of gelatin-binding fragments of fibronectin.	Carbohydrates	13-25	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	96-107
7840622-1	1995	The gelatin-binding region of fibronectin contains three Asn-linked carbohydrate moieties, one on the second type II module and two on the eighth type I "finger" module.	Carbohydrates	68-80	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	30-41
7748270-5	1995	One of these, carbohydrate deficient transferrin, has high sensitivity in detecting persons with alcohol dependence, and shows promise for identification of non-dependent hazardous drinking; it is also highly specific.	Carbohydrates	14-26	transferrin	Homo sapiens	37-48
9704092-9	1995	Mammalian cells were essential to produce EPO, because EPO contains 40% carbohydrate that plays some important roles in its activity, stability and biosynthesis.	Carbohydrates	72-84	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	42-45
9704092-9	1995	Mammalian cells were essential to produce EPO, because EPO contains 40% carbohydrate that plays some important roles in its activity, stability and biosynthesis.	Carbohydrates	72-84	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	55-58
7852538-0	1995	Serum angiotensin-I-converting enzyme activity in women with cardiological syndrome X: relation to blood pressure and lipid and carbohydrate metabolic risk markers for coronary heart disease.	Carbohydrates	128-140	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	6-37
8548206-2	1995	The carbohydrate-specific oxidation and cleavage by neuraminidase indicated that fibroblast IFN may contain sugar moieties.	Carbohydrates	4-16	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	92-95
7748277-0	1995	Carbohydrate deficient transferrin levels in hazardous alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
7529188-0	1995	Characterization of human colon carcinoma variant cells selected for sialyl Lex carbohydrate antigen: liver colonization and adhesion to vascular endothelial cells.	Carbohydrates	80-92	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	76-79
7781649-1	1995	Growth hormone (GH), which is well known as an anabolic agent in systemic protein metabolism but has catabolic effects on the carbohydrate metabolism in the liver, was administered to normal rabbit to investigate its effects on the hepatic energy metabolism.	Carbohydrates	126-138	somatotropin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	16-18
7824892-3	1995	Previous work in our laboratory suggested that carbohydrate moieties associated with the T cell adhesion molecule CD2 of Jurkat cells induce TNF-alpha secretion by human monocytes.	Carbohydrates	47-59	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	141-150
7890253-6	1995	Serum prolactin levels were significantly higher after ethanol ingestion than after the isocaloric carbohydrate drink ingestion (p &lt; 0.03).	Carbohydrates	99-111	prolactin	Homo sapiens	6-15
7890253-8	1995	In study 2, serum prolactin was greater after ethanol ingestion than after carbohydrate ingestion (p &lt; 0.001).	Carbohydrates	75-87	prolactin	Homo sapiens	18-27
7539788-0	1995	Immunogenicity of N-glycolylneuraminic acid-containing carbohydrate chains of recombinant human erythropoietin expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells.	Carbohydrates	55-67	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	96-110
7568876-0	1995	Functions of the L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate in the nervous system.	Carbohydrates	26-38	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	20-25
7753289-0	1995	Influence of "nonhematological" doses of erythropoietin on lipid-carbohydrate metabolism and life quality in hemodialysis patients.	Carbohydrates	65-77	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	41-55
7885622-2	1995	Recent studies indicate that a diet high in monounsaturated fat and low in carbohydrate can produce a more desirable plasma glucose, lipid, and insulin profile.	Carbohydrates	75-87	insulin	Homo sapiens	144-151
7647685-9	1995	A possible regulatory effect of carbohydrates (glucose and sucrose) on the activity of the SUC2 promoter was studied and excluded, both in excised leaves and young seedlings of transgenic Arabidopsis plants.	Carbohydrates	32-45	sucrose-proton symporter 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	91-95
7990138-0	1994	Structural changes of active site cleft and different saccharide binding modes in human lysozyme co-crystallized with hexa-N-acetyl-chitohexaose at pH 4.0.	Carbohydrates	54-64	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	88-96
7824892-4	1995	In this study we present data indicating that the stimulatory capacity for TNF-alpha secretion is confined to carbohydrate moieties of tumour cell CD2.	Carbohydrates	110-122	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	75-84
7628063-0	1994	Endocrine and carbohydrate responses to interleukin-6 in vivo.	Carbohydrates	14-26	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	40-53
7628063-1	1994	The role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in carbohydrate metabolism beyond its inhibition of hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase has not been widely pursued.	Carbohydrates	36-48	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	12-25
7628063-7	1994	The results demonstrate that IL-6, acting directly on peripheral organs and/or through the central nervous system (CNS) can alter the hormonal and carbohydrate milieu.	Carbohydrates	147-159	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	29-33
7628063-1	1994	The role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in carbohydrate metabolism beyond its inhibition of hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase has not been widely pursued.	Carbohydrates	36-48	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	27-31
7527332-10	1994	Dextran sulfate, pentosan polysulfate, and fucoidan, which are composed of different saccharide units but contain O-sulfate groups in the 2 or 3 carbon positions, also inhibited IGFBP-5 degradation.	Carbohydrates	85-95	insulin like growth factor binding protein 5	Homo sapiens	178-185
7895958-5	1994	Studies in both humans and experimental animals indicate that the adaptive (phenotypic) response to low-carbohydrate intake is insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	104-116	insulin	Homo sapiens	127-134
7895958-7	1994	We propose that the low-carbohydrate carnivorous diet would have disadvantaged reproduction in insulin-sensitive individuals and positively selected for individuals with insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	24-36	insulin	Homo sapiens	95-102
7895958-7	1994	We propose that the low-carbohydrate carnivorous diet would have disadvantaged reproduction in insulin-sensitive individuals and positively selected for individuals with insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	24-36	insulin	Homo sapiens	170-177
7895958-11	1994	The selection pressure for insulin resistance (i.e., a low-carbohydrate diet) was therefore relaxed much sooner in Caucasians than in other populations.	Carbohydrates	59-71	insulin	Homo sapiens	27-34
7895958-12	1994	Hence the prevalence of genes producing insulin resistance should be lower in the European population and any other group exposed to high-carbohydrate intake for a sufficiently long period of time.	Carbohydrates	138-150	insulin	Homo sapiens	40-47
7995213-3	1994	Furthermore, CCK appears to be involved in the gastric response to several intestinal stimuli, such as fat, carbohydrate and protein.	Carbohydrates	108-120	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	13-16
7696855-0	1994	Effects of natural complex carbohydrate (citrus pectin) on murine melanoma cell properties related to galectin-3 functions.	Carbohydrates	27-39	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	102-112
7696855-1	1994	Citrus pectin (CP) and pH-modified citrus pectin (MCP) are highly branched and non-branched complex polysaccharides, respectively, rich in galactoside residues, capable of combining with the carbohydrate-binding domain of galectin-3.	Carbohydrates	191-203	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	222-232
7696855-6	1994	These results indicate that carbohydrate-recognition by cell surface galectin-3 may be involved in cell-extracellular matrix interaction and play a role in anchorage-independent growth as well as the in vivo embolization of tumour cells.	Carbohydrates	28-40	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	69-79
7773775-3	1994	The high resolution X-ray crystallographic analyses of three crystal forms of bovine galectin-1 in complex with biantennary saccharides of N-acetyllactosamine type reveal infinite chains of lectin dimers cross-linked through N-acetyllactosamine units located at the end of the oligosaccharide antenna.	Carbohydrates	124-135	galectin 1	Bos taurus	85-95
7895167-0	1994	Ly-49A, a receptor for H-2Dd, has a functional carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	47-59	killer cell lectin-like receptor, subfamily A, member 1	Mus musculus	0-6
7895167-2	1994	We demonstrate a functional requirement for carbohydrate recognition by Ly-49A.	Carbohydrates	44-56	killer cell lectin-like receptor, subfamily A, member 1	Mus musculus	72-78
7895167-6	1994	These results indicate that Ly-49A has a functional carbohydrate recognition domain and that target expression of carbohydrates alters their susceptibility to natural killing.	Carbohydrates	52-64	killer cell lectin-like receptor, subfamily A, member 1	Mus musculus	28-34
7895167-6	1994	These results indicate that Ly-49A has a functional carbohydrate recognition domain and that target expression of carbohydrates alters their susceptibility to natural killing.	Carbohydrates	114-127	killer cell lectin-like receptor, subfamily A, member 1	Mus musculus	28-34
7525854-1	1994	Binding of L-selectin expressed on lymphocytes to carbohydrate ligand(s) on lymph node high endothelial venules is thought to initiate lymphocyte extravasation from blood to lymph during recirculation and localization to sites of antigen (Ag) exposure.	Carbohydrates	50-62	selectin, lymphocyte	Mus musculus	11-21
7525874-0	1994	Carbohydrate structures of beta-trace protein from human cerebrospinal fluid: evidence for "brain-type" N-glycosylation.	Carbohydrates	0-12	prostaglandin D2 synthase	Homo sapiens	27-45
7525874-1	1994	The carbohydrate structures of beta-trace protein from human cerebrospinal fluid have been elucidated.	Carbohydrates	4-16	prostaglandin D2 synthase	Homo sapiens	31-49
7716163-0	1994	Cloning, expression and characterization of the Fv fragments of the anti-carbohydrate mAbs B1 and B5 as single-chain immunotoxins.	Carbohydrates	73-85	immunoglobulin kappa variable 7-3 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	91-100
7716163-1	1994	The mAbs B1 (IgG1 kappa) and B5 (IgM kappa) recognize carbohydrate epitopes on human carcinoma cells.	Carbohydrates	54-66	glycoprotein hormone subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	13-31
7961972-3	1994	The binding of SP-A to its high affinity receptor on alveolar type II cells is thought to be dependent on a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), while the interaction with lipids has been attributed to the hydrophobic neck region of the molecule.	Carbohydrates	108-120	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	15-19
7961972-5	1994	Similar mutations introduced into mannose-binding protein A have been shown to switch the carbohydrate binding specificity from mannose &gt; galactose to the converse.	Carbohydrates	90-102	mannose binding lectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-59
7961972-6	1994	Wild type SP-A produced in Sf9 cells does not contain hydroxyproline (SP-Ahyp), but like rat SP-A it binds to carbohydrate affinity columns, lipids, and the SP-A receptor and is a potent inhibitor of the secretion of surfactant from type II cells (IC50 = 0.5-1.0 micrograms/ml).	Carbohydrates	110-122	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	10-14
7961972-11	1994	We conclude that the binding of SP-A to its receptor and the inhibition of surfactant secretion are critically dependent on the carbohydrate binding specificity of the CRD.	Carbohydrates	128-140	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	32-36
7864366-5	1994	Hence, the peptide MUC2 will accept at least four carbohydrate residues but the exact substituted positions should be confirmed by further sequence determination.	Carbohydrates	50-62	mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	19-23
7817417-3	1994	Serum transferrin shows the most pronounced carbohydrate defect, and can be used as a marker of the disease.	Carbohydrates	44-56	transferrin	Homo sapiens	6-17
7817417-8	1994	The diagnosis was confirmed by the finding of greatly elevated values of carbohydrate-deficient serum transferrin.	Carbohydrates	73-85	transferrin	Homo sapiens	102-113
7948013-8	1994	Insulin dysregulation in carbohydrate metabolism occurs in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus due to an imbalance between insulin sensitivity of tissue and pancreatic insulin secretion (reviewed in Refs.	Carbohydrates	25-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
7938001-9	1994	Our findings, using induction of luciferase in THP-1 LTRluc as a model for upregulation of HIV infection, raise the possibility that staphylococci, as well as certain other microorganisms, release carbohydrate-containing exopolymers, which can activate the HIV-1 LTR, thus influencing progression of HIV infection.	Carbohydrates	197-209	GLI family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	47-52
7873663-0	1994	Synthesis and characterization of carbohydrate-linked murine monoclonal antibody K20-human serum albumin conjugates.	Carbohydrates	34-46	albumin	Homo sapiens	91-104
7955378-0	1994	Is carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in serum useful for detecting excessive alcohol consumption in hypertensive patients?	Carbohydrates	3-15	transferrin	Homo sapiens	26-37
7955378-1	1994	The aim of this study was to examine the diagnostic usefulness of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in serum in a cross-sectional study of 439 treated hypertensive men.	Carbohydrates	66-78	transferrin	Homo sapiens	89-100
7955382-1	1994	In the diagnosis of alcohol abuse transferrin (Tf) allelic D variants generate false-positive test results for carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) as assessed by their electrophoretic migration patterns.	Carbohydrates	111-123	transferrin	Homo sapiens	34-45
7955382-1	1994	In the diagnosis of alcohol abuse transferrin (Tf) allelic D variants generate false-positive test results for carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) as assessed by their electrophoretic migration patterns.	Carbohydrates	111-123	transferrin	Homo sapiens	47-49
7955382-1	1994	In the diagnosis of alcohol abuse transferrin (Tf) allelic D variants generate false-positive test results for carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) as assessed by their electrophoretic migration patterns.	Carbohydrates	111-123	transferrin	Homo sapiens	134-145
7525817-7	1994	These results indicated that the adhesion of activated platelets to the leukocytes through the interaction between P-selectin and its carbohydrate ligand, sialyl Lewis X (LeX), was a crucial step for the activation of leukocyte function and supported the notion that activated platelets were actively involved in the inflammatory processes.	Carbohydrates	134-146	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	162-169
7525817-7	1994	These results indicated that the adhesion of activated platelets to the leukocytes through the interaction between P-selectin and its carbohydrate ligand, sialyl Lewis X (LeX), was a crucial step for the activation of leukocyte function and supported the notion that activated platelets were actively involved in the inflammatory processes.	Carbohydrates	134-146	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	171-174
7849131-1	1994	Lysine vasopressin (LVP) readily reacts with reducing saccharides both in lyophilized preparations and in aqueous solution.	Carbohydrates	54-65	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	7-18
7549970-0	1994	Carbohydrate-lipid interactions during gestation and their control by insulin.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	70-77
7954343-5	1994	As PDH plays a key role in mitochondrial carbohydrate metabolism, the decrease of total enzymic capacity found in tumors suggest that different mechanisms regulate PDH expression and, in turn, glycolytic mechanisms of epidermis and cancer cells.	Carbohydrates	41-53	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	3-6
7522633-2	1994	Leukocyte migration to peripheral lymph nodes (PLN), mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and Peyer"s patches (PP) depends on L-selectin, which recognizes carbohydrate-bearing, sialomucin-like endothelial cell surface glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	147-159	selectin, lymphocyte	Mus musculus	118-128
7522633-11	1994	Our data suggest that the regulation of posttranslational carbohydrate modifications of CD34 is critical in determining its capability to act as an L-selectin ligand.	Carbohydrates	58-70	selectin, lymphocyte	Mus musculus	148-158
7847598-1	1994	Different methods for detecting carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) were compared.	Carbohydrates	32-44	transferrin	Homo sapiens	55-66
7847591-0	1994	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and other markers of high alcohol consumption: a study of 502 patients admitted consecutively to a medical department.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
7805134-1	1994	Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) derivatives modified at the glutamine side chain amide with carbohydrate via an alkylene spacer (1a--d) were synthesized from new glycosylated glutamine derivatives (3a--d) by solid-phase synthesis.	Carbohydrates	87-99	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	0-20
7847591-1	1994	An isoform of transferrin, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is increased in a high percentage of abusing alcoholics and has been found superior in its specificity compared with other biological markers.	Carbohydrates	27-39	transferrin	Homo sapiens	14-25
7847591-1	1994	An isoform of transferrin, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is increased in a high percentage of abusing alcoholics and has been found superior in its specificity compared with other biological markers.	Carbohydrates	27-39	transferrin	Homo sapiens	50-61
7847598-0	1994	Comparison of different methods for detecting carbohydrate-deficient transferrin.	Carbohydrates	46-58	transferrin	Homo sapiens	69-80
7805134-1	1994	Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) derivatives modified at the glutamine side chain amide with carbohydrate via an alkylene spacer (1a--d) were synthesized from new glycosylated glutamine derivatives (3a--d) by solid-phase synthesis.	Carbohydrates	87-99	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	22-25
7851870-7	1994	These results suggest that blunted serum T3-response to glucose ingestion is linked to the mechanism of glucose intolerance due to carbohydrate restriction.	Carbohydrates	131-143	anon-84Fb	Drosophila melanogaster	41-43
7835953-1	1994	As the carbohydrate lacto-N-fucopentaose III (CD15 antigen or X-determinant) and its sialylated derivative sialyl-Lewis X are involved in the adhesion of cells rolling along the surface of endothelial cells, experiments were done to study the presence of these molecules on human eosinophils from patients with the idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome.	Carbohydrates	7-19	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	46-50
7925647-7	1994	Labeling of cell surface carbohydrates with [3H]-glucosamine followed by treatment with TPA revealed that O-glycosylated glycoproteins including CD43 were released from the cell surface during this treatment.	Carbohydrates	25-38	sialophorin	Homo sapiens	145-149
7851939-7	1994	The collective results suggested that the enzyme from monkey cerebellum was a casein kinase II-like protein kinase and that phosphorylation of a glycoprotein substrate (fibrinogen) by the kinase could be influenced by a carbohydrate binding lectin.	Carbohydrates	220-232	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	169-179
7890309-5	1994	Furthermore, we found that epsilon BP potentiated IL-1 production by monocytes in a manner that was inhibitable by the saccharide ligand of epsilon BP.	Carbohydrates	119-129	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	50-54
7809578-0	1994	A comparison between two commercial methods for determining carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT).	Carbohydrates	60-72	transferrin	Homo sapiens	83-94
7809578-1	1994	The performance of CDTect (Kabi-Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden) and two versions of AXIS % CDT (AXIS Biochemicals, Oslo, Norway) for determining carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) was examined in 502 consecutive patients admitted to the Department of Medicine, Aker University Hospital.	Carbohydrates	141-153	transferrin	Homo sapiens	164-175
7529007-7	1994	When the protein but not carbohydrate constituent of CEA was denatured by reduction and alkylation, the binding was partially eliminated, indicating that the interaction may also be dependent on either protein conformation or carbohydrate orientation.	Carbohydrates	226-238	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	53-56
7969665-7	1994	In patients with decreased peripheral insulin sensitivity, the system may be disturbed, causing overconsumption of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	115-128	insulin	Homo sapiens	38-45
8093011-6	1994	The targeting of lysozyme is partially inhibited in the presence of R-59022, an inhibitor of diacylglycerol kinase, whereas it is not affected by 4 alpha-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, an isomer of 4 beta-PMA that does not activate protein kinase C. It is concluded that in U937 cells both carbohydrate-dependent and -independent recognition contributes to the lysosomal targeting of soluble proteins.	Carbohydrates	292-304	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	17-25
8077351-0	1994	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin is associated with insulin sensitivity in hypertensive men.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
8077351-0	1994	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin is associated with insulin sensitivity in hypertensive men.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	54-61
8077351-1	1994	An elevated concentration of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in serum (CDT) has been reported to indicate excessive ethanol consumption.	Carbohydrates	29-41	transferrin	Homo sapiens	52-63
7522405-4	1994	Treatment with either a monoclonal antibody directed against rat P-selectin or soluble sialyl Lewis X oligosaccharide (the carbohydrate ligand to P-selectin found on leukocytes) significantly attenuated the TRP-14-induced recruitment of rolling leukocytes.	Carbohydrates	123-135	selectin P	Rattus norvegicus	146-156
7803257-0	1994	The effect of iron overload and iron reductive treatment on the serum concentration of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin.	Carbohydrates	87-99	transferrin	Homo sapiens	110-121
7803257-1	1994	The concentration of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in serum (CDT) has been used as a reliable indicator of recent alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	21-33	transferrin	Homo sapiens	44-55
7528651-0	1994	Differential distribution of the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope in the vertebrate retina.	Carbohydrates	39-51	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	33-38
8059770-9	1994	Besides overweight, physical activity and dietary factors such as the intake of fatty acids, fiber, carbohydrates, and alcohol, were independently associated with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	100-113	insulin	Homo sapiens	168-175
7914964-2	1994	Several single gene disorders of carbohydrate metabolism have their main pathophysiological defect largely restricted to the beta-cell or to insulin-sensitive tissues.	Carbohydrates	33-45	insulin	Homo sapiens	141-148
7955986-7	1994	The first clinical use of insulin in 1922 led to astonishing improvements in the health and strength of patients with diabetes and the concept of pancreatic rest seemed to be confirmed when some regained such carbohydrate tolerance that after weeks or months they could reduce the dose of insulin without developing glycosuria.	Carbohydrates	209-221	insulin	Homo sapiens	26-33
7520013-4	1994	Seven potential N-linked glycosylation sites are conserved between the three species, suggesting that carbohydrate modification may play an important role in Psel function.	Carbohydrates	102-114	selectin P	Rattus norvegicus	158-162
7978088-0	1994	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin as a measure of immoderate drinking: remaining issues.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
7978088-1	1994	A growing body of investigations demonstrate that elevated levels of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) effectively distinguishes alcoholics recently consuming large amounts of alcohol from light social drinkers or teetotalers.	Carbohydrates	69-81	transferrin	Homo sapiens	92-103
8045023-7	1994	A new marker of excessive alcohol consumption, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, is not usually affected by liver disease and thus shows promise as a marker of relapse in alcoholic patients.	Carbohydrates	47-59	transferrin	Homo sapiens	70-81
7955986-13	1994	Liberalization of diet in patients taking insulin began in 1926 and by 1930 it was clear that patients who were prescribed 200 g of carbohydrate per day felt better and more energetic than those on the old regimens of 50 g or less per day.	Carbohydrates	132-144	insulin	Homo sapiens	42-49
7800122-4	1994	HNK-1 carbohydrate is highly immunogenic.	Carbohydrates	6-18	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
7800122-8	1994	Multiple expression of HNK-1 carbohydrate in several molecules and in various neural cell types at specific stages of nervous system development has puzzled investigators as to its specific biological function, but this may also suggest its importance in multiple systems during cell differentiation and migration processes.	Carbohydrates	29-41	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	23-28
7517550-1	1994	We describe here the 1.7-A resolution structure of a single-chain antibody variable domain (scFv) molecule, based on the carbohydrate-binding antibody Se155-4, complexed with the trisaccharide ligand alpha-D-Gal(1--&gt;2)[alpha-D-Abe(1--&gt;3)]alpha-D-Manp1--&gt;OMe, where Abe is abequose.	Carbohydrates	121-133	immunglobulin heavy chain variable region	Homo sapiens	92-96
8030230-4	1994	Periodate oxidation demonstrated the presence of carbohydrate moieties in purified CP of six PVX strains (cp, CP4, HB, MS, DX, CS35), and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid treatment identified glycosylated and nonglycosylated bands in SDS-PAGE complex patterns of CP and in Western blots.	Carbohydrates	49-61	coat protein	Potato virus X	83-85
8030230-4	1994	Periodate oxidation demonstrated the presence of carbohydrate moieties in purified CP of six PVX strains (cp, CP4, HB, MS, DX, CS35), and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid treatment identified glycosylated and nonglycosylated bands in SDS-PAGE complex patterns of CP and in Western blots.	Carbohydrates	49-61	coat protein	Potato virus X	110-112
7912511-9	1994	These results indicate that inhibition of HLE by mucin involves binding of the positively charged HLE molecules to the negatively charged sulfated carbohydrates in the mucin.	Carbohydrates	147-160	deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 protein	Bos taurus	49-54
7912511-9	1994	These results indicate that inhibition of HLE by mucin involves binding of the positively charged HLE molecules to the negatively charged sulfated carbohydrates in the mucin.	Carbohydrates	147-160	deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 protein	Bos taurus	168-173
8031418-0	1994	Observation of unique cross-linked lattices between multiantennary carbohydrates and soybean lectin.	Carbohydrates	67-80	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: lectin	Glycine max	93-99
8034757-1	1994	The carbohydrate-binding protein (lectin) CSL is an antigen involved in the stabilization of the myelin structure by interacting with the carbohydrate moiety of myelin glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	4-16	recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J region	Homo sapiens	42-45
7517997-2	1994	Four different carbohydrate epitopes are expressed by sensory afferents on their 130 kDa surface proteins: all sensory afferents share a common carbohydrate epitope (CE0) that helps them to enter and project diffusely across the synaptic neuropil; a restricted expression of three other carbohydrate epitopes (CE1, CE2, and CE3) serves to distinguish three subsets of sensory afferents.	Carbohydrates	15-27	carboxylesterase 2	Homo sapiens	315-318
7517997-2	1994	Four different carbohydrate epitopes are expressed by sensory afferents on their 130 kDa surface proteins: all sensory afferents share a common carbohydrate epitope (CE0) that helps them to enter and project diffusely across the synaptic neuropil; a restricted expression of three other carbohydrate epitopes (CE1, CE2, and CE3) serves to distinguish three subsets of sensory afferents.	Carbohydrates	144-156	carboxylesterase 2	Homo sapiens	315-318
7968716-2	1994	Insulin binding and several enzymes important in the postprandial state for processing lipids, proteins and carbohydrates all appear to have alkaline optimal pH levels.	Carbohydrates	108-121	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
7943950-5	1994	BoLA class I molecules appear to be glycosylated at a single N-linked position with a complex type carbohydrate moiety which has up to three terminal sialic acid residues.	Carbohydrates	99-111	MHC class I antigen clone 2	Bos taurus	0-4
8207018-7	1994	However, NKR-P1 can be decalcified completely at pH 10 with a total loss of carbohydrate binding.	Carbohydrates	76-88	killer cell lectin like receptor B1	Homo sapiens	9-15
8200029-2	1994	We have reported that epsilon BP also binds the mast cell high-affinity IgE receptor (Fc epsilon RI), via lectin-carbohydrate interaction.	Carbohydrates	113-125	galectin 3	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
8200029-5	1994	Activation of RBL cells by the lectin epsilon BP can be significantly inhibited by appropriate saccharides.	Carbohydrates	95-106	galectin 3	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
8087419-5	1994	It is proposed that these rhythms, involving a predark rise in CORT and NPY gene expression leading to a peak in CORT and peptide levels at dark onset, are active in stimulating feeding behavior, particularly carbohydrate ingestion, which predominates at that time.	Carbohydrates	209-221	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	72-75
7517358-2	1994	L-selectin, together with E- and P-selectins, forms a newer group of cell adhesion molecules which are believed to interact with carbohydrate ligands [Lasky, L. A., Singer, M. S., Yednoch, T. A., Dowbenko, D., Fennie, C., Rodriguez, H., Nguyen, T., Stachel, S. &amp; Rosen, S. D. (1989) Cell 56, 1045-1055].	Carbohydrates	129-141	selectin, lymphocyte	Mus musculus	0-10
8031716-4	1994	In addition, substitution of Trp266 resulted in altered glycosylation of CBG, and this supports the concept that it participates in intra-molecular carbohydrate-polypeptide interactions which may influence the conformation and secretion of this glycoprotein.	Carbohydrates	148-160	serpin family A member 6	Homo sapiens	73-76
8194479-1	1994	Transcription of the rat S14 gene is induced in response to increased carbohydrate metabolism in the liver.	Carbohydrates	70-82	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	25-28
8180186-0	1994	Observation of unique cross-linked lattices between multiantennary carbohydrates and soybean lectin.	Carbohydrates	67-80	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: lectin	Glycine max	93-99
8054992-3	1994	In previous studies, evidence that the Bradyrhizobium japonicum lectin, designated BJ38, mediated the observed carbohydrate-specific binding activities of the bacteria, including the saccharide-specific adhesion to soybean root cells was presented.	Carbohydrates	111-123	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: lectin	Glycine max	64-70
8180202-9	1994	This suggests that interaction between this carbohydrate chain and the polypeptide is necessary for the folding and creation of the steroid-binding site only during CBG biosynthesis.	Carbohydrates	44-56	serpin family A member 6	Homo sapiens	165-168
7848401-12	1994	Compared with the high-monounsaturated-fat diet, the high-carbohydrate diet increased fasting plasma triglyceride levels and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels by 24% (P &lt; .0001) and 23% (P = .0001), respectively, and increased daylong plasma triglyceride, glucose, and insulin values by 10% (P = .03), 12% (P &lt; .0001), and 9% (P = .02), respectively.	Carbohydrates	58-70	insulin	Homo sapiens	286-293
8182079-0	1994	Expression cloning of a novel alpha 1,3-fucosyltransferase that is involved in biosynthesis of the sialyl Lewis x carbohydrate determinants in leukocytes.	Carbohydrates	114-126	fucosyltransferase 7	Homo sapiens	30-58
8185325-13	1994	The reported results suggest that carbohydrate maturation of the ME20 antigen may be important for processing and secretion.	Carbohydrates	34-46	premelanosome protein	Homo sapiens	65-69
7945572-0	1994	A comparison of carbohydrate deficient transferrin with other markers of alcohol misuse in male soldiers under the age of thirty.	Carbohydrates	16-28	transferrin	Homo sapiens	39-50
8162602-6	1994	Melanoma cells adhered to affinity-purified A32 antigen immobilized to a solid phase, and the adhesion was blocked by either soluble A32 antigen or monoclonal antibody against the HNK-1 carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	186-198	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	180-185
8172093-4	1994	Elevated serum insulin concentrations at 2 h postglucose were associated positively with carbohydrate intake (P = 0.001) and inversely with alcohol intake (P = 0.006), but not with saturated fatty acid intake.	Carbohydrates	89-101	insulin	Homo sapiens	15-22
7513740-5	1994	The molecule detected by the HECA-452 antibody on Langerhans cells is neuraminidase sensitive and contains a CD15 (LewisX) carbohydrate backbone.	Carbohydrates	123-135	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	109-113
8175987-9	1994	Despite evidence for cosecretion of amylin and insulin, the large intersubject variation in amylin/insulin secretory ratios and its inverse correlation with glucose disappearance rates suggest a constitutional factor that may either play a role in the pathogenesis of carbohydrate intolerance or result from it.	Carbohydrates	268-280	insulin	Homo sapiens	99-106
8037357-2	1994	Characterization of two different allergen extracts and evaluation of their stability and the importance of carbohydrate for IgE binding.	Carbohydrates	108-120	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	125-128
8201322-10	1994	All patients had highly raised serum concentrations of the biochemical marker carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, which can be used to verify the diagnosis.	Carbohydrates	78-90	transferrin	Homo sapiens	101-112
7935072-4	1994	Chronic hyperinsulinemia upsets metabolic balances and favors anabolic metabolism; fosters carbohydrate cravings; promotes insulin resistance which further promotes anabolic metabolism; and insulin resistance in turn exacerbates chronic hyperinsulinemia.	Carbohydrates	91-103	insulin	Homo sapiens	13-20
8078981-1	1994	Comparison of carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) and alcohol mediated (triantennary) transferrin (AMT).	Carbohydrates	14-26	transferrin	Homo sapiens	37-48
8078981-2	1994	Carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDTect-RIA, Pharmacia) was compared with an Immunoluminometric assay for isotransferrin separated by a short column Con-A sepharose which we have called alcohol mediated triantennary transferrin (AMT).	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
8061905-2	1994	The model attempts to reflect the underlying (patho)physiology of insulin action and carbohydrate absorption in quantitative terms such as insulin sensitivity, volume of glucose and insulin distribution and maximal rate of gastric emptying.	Carbohydrates	85-97	insulin	Homo sapiens	139-146
8061905-2	1994	The model attempts to reflect the underlying (patho)physiology of insulin action and carbohydrate absorption in quantitative terms such as insulin sensitivity, volume of glucose and insulin distribution and maximal rate of gastric emptying.	Carbohydrates	85-97	insulin	Homo sapiens	139-146
8150094-0	1994	Strong affinity of Maackia amurensis hemagglutinin (MAH) for sialic acid-containing Ser/Thr-linked carbohydrate chains of N-terminal octapeptides from human glycophorin A.	Carbohydrates	99-111	glycophorin A (MNS blood group)	Homo sapiens	157-170
8150094-3	1994	Therefore, it is strongly suggested that hemagglutination by MAH was caused by its interaction with Ser/Thr-linked carbohydrate chains of human glycophorin A on erythrocyte membranes.	Carbohydrates	115-127	glycophorin A (MNS blood group)	Homo sapiens	144-157
8048718-0	1994	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin during 3 weeks" heavy alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
8048718-1	1994	To study the effect of controlled heavy drinking of 60 g ethanol/day for 3 weeks on carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), a commercial double antibody kit (CDTect) was used.	Carbohydrates	84-96	transferrin	Homo sapiens	107-118
8037357-9	1994	Two allergens of the submerged extract (90 and 38 kDa) partly lost their IgE-binding ability by this treatment, indicating that these components are glycoproteins and that the carbohydrate moiety is involved in the IgE binding.	Carbohydrates	176-188	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	73-76
8037357-9	1994	Two allergens of the submerged extract (90 and 38 kDa) partly lost their IgE-binding ability by this treatment, indicating that these components are glycoproteins and that the carbohydrate moiety is involved in the IgE binding.	Carbohydrates	176-188	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	215-218
8149032-10	1994	The present results indicate that active preoperative carbohydrate preservation may improve postoperative metabolism because postoperative occurrence of insulin resistance was reduced with preoperative glucose infusion.	Carbohydrates	54-66	insulin	Homo sapiens	153-160
8172931-4	1994	Transferrin isoforms with different carbohydrate contents could be identified by this simple method easier than by affinity chromatography requiring the time-consuming preparation of an insolubilized specific antibody.	Carbohydrates	36-48	transferrin	Homo sapiens	0-11
8087097-11	1994	The administration of carbohydrate, usually glucose, leads to a decrease in the serum level of inorganic phosphorus (Pi), attributed to Pi flow from the extracellular to the intracellular compartment as part of the increased glucose metabolism induced by insulin.	Carbohydrates	22-34	insulin	Homo sapiens	255-262
8178981-1	1994	Excessive fat turnover and oxidation might cause the insulin resistance of carbohydrate metabolism in obese humans.	Carbohydrates	75-87	insulin	Homo sapiens	53-60
8038946-3	1994	Their patient histories were evaluated in 1992, and the new highly specific alcohol marker, serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, from the frozen sera taken during the initial study was examined.	Carbohydrates	98-110	transferrin	Homo sapiens	121-132
8116553-1	1994	Carbohydrate foods differ considerably in their effects on postprandial glucose and insulin responses.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	84-91
7512672-7	1994	These results suggest a certain structural alteration in carbohydrate moieties of the AFP derived from this RCC.	Carbohydrates	57-69	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	86-89
8132677-0	1994	Definition of the carbohydrate response element of the rat S14 gene.	Carbohydrates	18-30	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	59-62
8132677-2	1994	Transcription of the S14 gene in primary hepatocytes is stimulated in response to increased carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	92-104	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
8132677-3	1994	We have demonstrated previously that a 30-base pair (bp) segment of the S14 gene from -1457 to -1428 is a carbohydrate response element (ChoRE).	Carbohydrates	106-118	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	72-75
8132677-10	1994	A segment containing this specific motif from the rat fatty acid synthase gene, another carbohydrate-responsive gene in hepatocytes, conferred a carbohydrate response when linked to the S14 promoter.	Carbohydrates	88-100	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	186-189
8132677-10	1994	A segment containing this specific motif from the rat fatty acid synthase gene, another carbohydrate-responsive gene in hepatocytes, conferred a carbohydrate response when linked to the S14 promoter.	Carbohydrates	145-157	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	186-189
8116551-3	1994	An extremely high carbohydrate-fat ratio improves insulin sensitivity whereas more moderate changes (40-60% carbohydrate) produce less convincing results.	Carbohydrates	18-30	insulin	Homo sapiens	50-57
8135742-0	1994	Structural characterization of the carbohydrates of the rat ovarian luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor.	Carbohydrates	35-48	luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	68-119
8131268-0	1994	Two methods for measuring carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in inpatient alcoholics and healthy controls compared.	Carbohydrates	26-38	transferrin	Homo sapiens	49-60
8131268-1	1994	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrins (CDTs), naturally occurring glycosylated transferrin proteins, are reported to be increased in the serum of individuals who consume large quantities of alcohol (ethanol).	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
8190748-2	1994	Growth hormone, first identified for its dramatic effect on longitudinal growth, is now known to exert generalized effects on protein, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	146-158	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	0-14
8025367-0	1994	Dietary carbohydrates and synthesis and secretion of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins in rat hepatocytes.	Carbohydrates	8-21	apolipoprotein B	Rattus norvegicus	53-69
8009482-0	1994	[Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin--a reliable marker of high alcohol consumption?].	Carbohydrates	1-13	transferrin	Homo sapiens	24-35
8197084-3	1994	Moreover, a positive correlation between insulin level and carbohydrate oxidation rate was revealed.	Carbohydrates	59-71	insulin	Homo sapiens	41-48
7508745-3	1994	The adhesive function of P-selectin is mediated by its calcium-dependent (or C-type) lectin domain, which is known to bind to carbohydrate ligands including fucosyl-N-acetyllactosamine (Lex, CD15), sialyl-Lex, and 3-sulfated galactosylceramides (sulfatides).	Carbohydrates	126-138	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	186-189
7508745-3	1994	The adhesive function of P-selectin is mediated by its calcium-dependent (or C-type) lectin domain, which is known to bind to carbohydrate ligands including fucosyl-N-acetyllactosamine (Lex, CD15), sialyl-Lex, and 3-sulfated galactosylceramides (sulfatides).	Carbohydrates	126-138	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	191-195
7508745-3	1994	The adhesive function of P-selectin is mediated by its calcium-dependent (or C-type) lectin domain, which is known to bind to carbohydrate ligands including fucosyl-N-acetyllactosamine (Lex, CD15), sialyl-Lex, and 3-sulfated galactosylceramides (sulfatides).	Carbohydrates	126-138	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	205-208
8129731-5	1994	While the carbohydrate components of PG-M and M-CSPG share some similarities, both of these proteoglycans clearly have different carbohydrate moieties from those of aggrecan.	Carbohydrates	10-22	versican	Gallus gallus	37-41
8009482-1	1994	Carbohydrate deficient transferrin has been proposed as an important marker for alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
8009482-2	1994	Using isoelectric focusing and two different radioimmunoassays we measured carbohydrate deficient transferrin throughout an alcohol withdrawal period in ten abusing men.	Carbohydrates	75-87	transferrin	Homo sapiens	98-109
8009482-4	1994	Nevertheless, carbohydrate deficient transferrin was more frequent pathologically (in two out of three methods) than any other of the common markers (glutamyl transferase, alanine transferase, aspartate transferase, mean corpuscular volume).	Carbohydrates	14-26	transferrin	Homo sapiens	37-48
8009482-5	1994	During the withdrawal period, the carbohydrate deficient transferrin value increased in two patients after a new alcohol intake.	Carbohydrates	34-46	transferrin	Homo sapiens	57-68
8009482-7	1994	Therefore, a single test or even repeated tests of carbohydrate deficient transferrin may give a wrong conclusion.	Carbohydrates	51-63	transferrin	Homo sapiens	74-85
8141399-1	1994	The orexigenic agents morphine, neuropeptide Y (NPY), and norepinephrine (NE) and deprivation have been reported to induce selection of specific macronutrients: fat, carbohydrate (CHO), CHO, and fat, respectively.	Carbohydrates	166-178	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	32-46
8141399-1	1994	The orexigenic agents morphine, neuropeptide Y (NPY), and norepinephrine (NE) and deprivation have been reported to induce selection of specific macronutrients: fat, carbohydrate (CHO), CHO, and fat, respectively.	Carbohydrates	166-178	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	48-51
8306371-1	1994	An immunoconjugate between doxorubicin and anti-(carcinoembryonic antigen) (CEA) was prepared by using aminodextran (M(r) = 40,000) as the intermediate carrier, and the carbohydrate moiety of the antibody as the linking site.	Carbohydrates	169-181	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	76-79
8156941-7	1994	When energy intake is severely reduced, the carbohydrate content of the diet is a major determinant of responsiveness of IGF-I to GH.	Carbohydrates	44-56	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	121-126
8206884-0	1994	Polypeptide and carbohydrate structure of recombinant human interleukin-6 produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells.	Carbohydrates	16-28	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	60-73
21566934-0	1994	Molecular discrimination between alpha-fetoprotein from patients with hepatocellular-carcinoma and nonneoplastic liver-diseases by their carbohydrate structures (review).	Carbohydrates	137-149	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	33-50
8300630-3	1994	Chinese hamster ovary clones which were transfected with Pro385--&gt;Ile and Pro385--&gt;glycine mutations of GLUT1 were shown, by Western blotting and cell surface carbohydrate labelling, to have expression levels which were comparable with the wild type.	Carbohydrates	165-177	solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1	Cricetulus griseus	110-115
8191395-5	1994	Carbohydrate intake was negatively (r = -0.31, p &lt; 0.001; r = -0.24, p &lt; 0.01; r = -0.36, p &lt; 0.001) and fat intake positively (r = 0.24, p &lt; 0.01; r = 0.29, p &lt; 0.001; r = 0.32, p &lt; 0.001) related to F X, PAI-1, and t-PA, respectively.	Carbohydrates	0-12	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	235-239
7660906-0	1994	Effect of hypouricemic agents on serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in gouty patients.	Carbohydrates	39-51	transferrin	Homo sapiens	62-73
7840430-1	1994	Serum carbohydrate-deficient-transferrin (CDT) was measured by a micro anion-exchange chromatography/enzyme immunoassay.	Carbohydrates	6-18	transferrin	Homo sapiens	29-40
8974373-0	1994	Detection of relapses in alcohol dependent patients using serum carbohydrate deficient transferrin: improvement with individualized reference levels.	Carbohydrates	64-76	transferrin	Homo sapiens	87-98
8020558-1	1994	Mac-2 antigen, a 32-kDa murine macrophage cell-surface protein expressed on thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal exudate cells at higher levels than other macrophages, is a member of the S-(soluble) galactoside-binding lectin family with homologies to carbohydrate-binding proteins of other cell types.	Carbohydrates	250-262	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	0-13
8119122-6	1994	We have used confocal microscopy to study PGCs stained with an antibody that reacts with a carbohydrate antigen (Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigen-1, SSEA-1) carried on the PGC surface.	Carbohydrates	91-103	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	113-147
8119122-6	1994	We have used confocal microscopy to study PGCs stained with an antibody that reacts with a carbohydrate antigen (Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigen-1, SSEA-1) carried on the PGC surface.	Carbohydrates	91-103	progastricsin (pepsinogen C)	Mus musculus	42-45
7818774-2	1994	Through posttranslational modifications of the tissue-nonspecific gene, for example, through differences in carbohydrate composition, bone and liver ALP are formed.	Carbohydrates	108-120	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	149-152
8020558-6	1994	Exogenously added Mac-2 binds efficiently to WEHI-3 cells and putative Mac-2-binding carbohydrates are expressed equally on WEHI-3, J774.2 and P388.D1 cells as judged by binding of plant lectins of known carbohydrate-binding specificities.	Carbohydrates	85-98	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	71-76
8020558-6	1994	Exogenously added Mac-2 binds efficiently to WEHI-3 cells and putative Mac-2-binding carbohydrates are expressed equally on WEHI-3, J774.2 and P388.D1 cells as judged by binding of plant lectins of known carbohydrate-binding specificities.	Carbohydrates	85-97	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	71-76
8187991-8	1994	The non-cephalic part of gastric acid secretion and of circulating gastrin was significantly correlated to calorie intake; the slope of the best fitting regression line was greater after lipid meals than after carbohydrate meals.	Carbohydrates	210-222	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	67-74
8142896-0	1994	Structural analysis and localization of the carbohydrate moieties of a soluble human interferon gamma receptor produced in baculovirus-infected insect cells.	Carbohydrates	44-56	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	85-101
7959621-1	1994	The authors observed that there is wide variability in insulin response to an oral glucose tolerance test in women developing carbohydrate intolerance during pregnancy.	Carbohydrates	126-138	insulin	Homo sapiens	55-62
7929617-2	1994	Islet amyloid polypeptide consists of 37 amino acids, is co-produced and co-secreted with insulin from islet beta-cells, can act as a hormone in regulation of carbohydrate metabolism, and is implicated in the pathogenesis of islet amyloid formation and of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Carbohydrates	159-171	insulin	Homo sapiens	90-97
8114285-5	1994	In liver cirrhosis, abnormality in carbohydrate metabolism is commonly observed, characterized by hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	35-47	insulin	Homo sapiens	103-110
8088697-2	1994	In addition, human GH affects the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates and fats and possesses lactogenic effects.	Carbohydrates	58-71	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	19-21
8298999-0	1993	Neuropeptide Y projection from arcuate nucleus to parvocellular division of paraventricular nucleus: specific relation to the ingestion of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	139-151	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	0-14
7856212-5	1994	The genetic substratum for this incomplete adaptation to carbohydrates can be seen in the so called gene polymorphism, incomplete genes for ACE etc, which are more frequent in areas where farming came later.	Carbohydrates	57-70	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	140-143
8298999-2	1993	The present study investigated the relation between endogenous levels of NPY and natural ingestion for carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	103-115	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
8298999-1	1993	Neuropeptide Y (NPY) injection into the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) stimulates feeding behavior and specifically carbohydrate intake in rats.	Carbohydrates	128-140	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	0-14
8298999-6	1993	The results demonstrate a strong, positive correlation between daily carbohydrate intake and hypothalamic NPY levels.	Carbohydrates	69-81	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	106-109
8298999-8	1993	In the pPVN, the NPY levels of animals that consumed &gt; 50 kcal of carbohydrate (49 pg/microgram protein) were almost twice that of animals that consumed &lt; 20 kcal of carbohydrate (28 pg/microgram protein: P &lt; 0.01).	Carbohydrates	69-81	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	17-20
8298999-1	1993	Neuropeptide Y (NPY) injection into the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) stimulates feeding behavior and specifically carbohydrate intake in rats.	Carbohydrates	128-140	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	16-19
8298999-12	1993	These results, together with other findings, provide support for a role of endogenous NPY and its projection from the ARC to the pPVN, perhaps via the DMN, in controlling natural appetite for carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	192-204	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	86-89
8116825-0	1993	A new approach to quantitate carbohydrate-deficient transferrin isoforms in alcohol abusers: partial iron saturation in isoelectric focusing/immunoblotting and laser densitometry.	Carbohydrates	29-41	transferrin	Homo sapiens	52-63
7906997-6	1993	These findings demonstrate that somatostatin in the PVN inhibits thermogenesis and induces the preferential utilization of fats while sparing carbohydrate reserves.	Carbohydrates	142-154	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	32-44
8116825-1	1993	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (Tf) represents a significant advance over previous markers of alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
8116825-1	1993	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (Tf) represents a significant advance over previous markers of alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	36-38
8111860-3	1993	Insulin is a hormone which regulates the carbohydrate and triacylglyceride metabolism through its action at several sites and facilitates the entry of glucose accumulation in the blood.	Carbohydrates	41-53	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
7510547-1	1993	Monoclonal L3 and L4 antibodies have been shown to recognize carbohydrate epitopes on several neural cell adhesion molecules; these epitopes can be released by treatment with endoglycosidase H. In the present study, we have identified the oligosaccharides released by endoglycosidase H from the cell adhesion molecules AMOG and L1 by fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry as being solely of the oligomannosidic type.	Carbohydrates	61-73	ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit beta 2	Homo sapiens	319-323
8258717-6	1993	In saturation studies using neuraminidase-desialylated IgA (desIgA), which has more carbohydrate residues exposed to binding, similar results to those of untreated IgA were obtained.	Carbohydrates	84-96	CD79a molecule	Homo sapiens	55-58
8258717-6	1993	In saturation studies using neuraminidase-desialylated IgA (desIgA), which has more carbohydrate residues exposed to binding, similar results to those of untreated IgA were obtained.	Carbohydrates	84-96	CD79a molecule	Homo sapiens	63-66
8258717-7	1993	Incubation with several carbohydrates decreased the IgA and desIgA binding to MC, obtaining maximal inhibition with simultaneous addition of galactose and N-acetyl-galactosamine.	Carbohydrates	24-37	CD79a molecule	Homo sapiens	52-55
7504033-3	1993	Synthetic peptides representing the carbohydrate recognition domains of S2 and S3 competitively inhibited adherence of neutrophils to endothelial cells in vitro.	Carbohydrates	36-48	ribosomal protein S2	Homo sapiens	72-81
7506267-6	1993	Upregulation of L-selectin surface density in IFN-alpha-treated Daudi B cells correlated directly with an increase in L-selectin mRNA steady state levels and enhanced L-selectin-dependent binding to a carbohydrate-based ligand, phosphomonoester core polysaccharide.	Carbohydrates	201-213	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	46-55
8286783-6	1993	Taken together, these facts indicate binding of SP-A via the carbohydrate binding site on the globular region of SP-A.	Carbohydrates	61-73	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	48-52
8286783-6	1993	Taken together, these facts indicate binding of SP-A via the carbohydrate binding site on the globular region of SP-A.	Carbohydrates	61-73	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	113-117
7693048-2	1993	However, sialyl Lex antigen, the carbohydrate ligand for E-selectin, has been hardly detectable on these cells, at least when typical anti-sialyl Lex antibodies were used for detection.	Carbohydrates	33-45	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	16-19
8253172-1	1993	Growth hormone (GH) promotes animal growth by stimulating bone and cartilage cell proliferation, and influences carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	112-124	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	0-14
8253172-1	1993	Growth hormone (GH) promotes animal growth by stimulating bone and cartilage cell proliferation, and influences carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	112-124	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	16-18
8298500-2	1993	Previous studies have suggested the presence of at least one carbohydrate moiety in the C5a receptor.	Carbohydrates	61-73	complement C5a receptor 1	Homo sapiens	88-100
8298500-4	1993	Removal of the carbohydrate moiety failed to abolish expression of the receptor and brought about only a slight reduction in the dissociation constant of the C5a receptor suggesting that the role of glycosylation in the binding of C5a by its receptor is limited.	Carbohydrates	15-27	complement C5a receptor 1	Homo sapiens	158-170
8217607-7	1993	In conclusion, the carbohydrate epitopes of CA19-9, SPan1, SLX, and TAG-72 could be present on the molecule recognised by the anti-CA130 or anti-CEA antibody; however, the epitopes of CA130 and CEA did not co-exist on the same molecule.	Carbohydrates	19-31	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	145-148
7693048-9	1993	Our results suggest that various molecular species of sialyl Lex antigens are present on carbohydrate side chains of cellular glycoproteins, and that helper memory T cells express a distinct type of sialyl Lex antigen that is defined by 2F3 but is not efficiently detected by other typical anti-sialyl Lex antibodies.	Carbohydrates	89-101	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	61-64
8217607-7	1993	In conclusion, the carbohydrate epitopes of CA19-9, SPan1, SLX, and TAG-72 could be present on the molecule recognised by the anti-CA130 or anti-CEA antibody; however, the epitopes of CA130 and CEA did not co-exist on the same molecule.	Carbohydrates	19-31	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	194-197
8077317-15	1993	These data indicate profound metabolic resistance to the carbohydrate and lipid actions of insulin, with preservation of protein anabolism.	Carbohydrates	57-69	insulin	Homo sapiens	91-98
8224002-2	1993	In the present study, the significance of the extracellular domain and the carbohydrates for signal transduction was elucidated by measuring the N-formyl hexapeptide-induced intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) and the change in myeloperoxidase secretion in the control and papain-treated human neutrophils.	Carbohydrates	75-88	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	229-244
8288440-5	1993	This review emphasizes the following characteristics of epsilon BP: (i) epsilon BP is secreted by cells such as macrophages; (ii) like many other lectins, epsilon BP functions at least bivalently; (iii) epsilon BP has specificity for distinct oligosaccharide structures that have a terminal galactose not masked by sialic acids; and (iv) in addition to binding IgE, epsilon BP binds to surfaces of various cell types via lectin-carbohydrate interaction.	Carbohydrates	428-440	galectin 3	Rattus norvegicus	56-66
8077317-4	1993	In addition, we used stable isotope infusions of glucose, glycerol, and amino acids to investigate the in vivo metabolic actions of insulin on carbohydrate, fat, and protein.	Carbohydrates	143-155	insulin	Homo sapiens	132-139
8405710-8	1993	The nature of this relationship is consistent with a regulated feedback loop control system such that for any difference in SI, a proportionate reciprocal difference occurs in insulin levels and responses in subjects with similar carbohydrate tolerance.	Carbohydrates	230-242	insulin	Homo sapiens	176-183
8288440-5	1993	This review emphasizes the following characteristics of epsilon BP: (i) epsilon BP is secreted by cells such as macrophages; (ii) like many other lectins, epsilon BP functions at least bivalently; (iii) epsilon BP has specificity for distinct oligosaccharide structures that have a terminal galactose not masked by sialic acids; and (iv) in addition to binding IgE, epsilon BP binds to surfaces of various cell types via lectin-carbohydrate interaction.	Carbohydrates	428-440	galectin 3	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
8288440-5	1993	This review emphasizes the following characteristics of epsilon BP: (i) epsilon BP is secreted by cells such as macrophages; (ii) like many other lectins, epsilon BP functions at least bivalently; (iii) epsilon BP has specificity for distinct oligosaccharide structures that have a terminal galactose not masked by sialic acids; and (iv) in addition to binding IgE, epsilon BP binds to surfaces of various cell types via lectin-carbohydrate interaction.	Carbohydrates	428-440	galectin 3	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
8288440-5	1993	This review emphasizes the following characteristics of epsilon BP: (i) epsilon BP is secreted by cells such as macrophages; (ii) like many other lectins, epsilon BP functions at least bivalently; (iii) epsilon BP has specificity for distinct oligosaccharide structures that have a terminal galactose not masked by sialic acids; and (iv) in addition to binding IgE, epsilon BP binds to surfaces of various cell types via lectin-carbohydrate interaction.	Carbohydrates	428-440	galectin 3	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
8288440-5	1993	This review emphasizes the following characteristics of epsilon BP: (i) epsilon BP is secreted by cells such as macrophages; (ii) like many other lectins, epsilon BP functions at least bivalently; (iii) epsilon BP has specificity for distinct oligosaccharide structures that have a terminal galactose not masked by sialic acids; and (iv) in addition to binding IgE, epsilon BP binds to surfaces of various cell types via lectin-carbohydrate interaction.	Carbohydrates	428-440	galectin 3	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
8077317-16	1993	These observations suggest that in this patient, the biological effects of insulin on carbohydrate, lipid, and protein are distinct metabolic actions, regulated independently.	Carbohydrates	86-98	insulin	Homo sapiens	75-82
8227992-1	1993	BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine whether age is a predictor of sensitivity to the peripheral effects of insulin on carbohydrate metabolism independent of the potential influences of the level of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity and blood pressure (BP).	Carbohydrates	137-149	insulin	Homo sapiens	126-133
8144855-9	1993	In contrast, NG-PRL was eliminated with a half-time of approximately 5 min, followed by a very slow disappearance over several h. It thus appeared that glycosylation increased the metabolic clearance rate of PRL from 0.13 +/- 0.07 ml/min for NG-PRL to 0.47 +/- 0.12 ml/min for PRL with biantennary carbohydrate chains and 0.8 +/- 0.2 ml/min for the hormone with mannose-rich oligosaccharides.	Carbohydrates	298-310	prolactin	Homo sapiens	208-211
8144855-2	1993	These lectins allowed the isolation of PRL glycoforms containing either biantennary, mannose-rich or fucosylated complex carbohydrate structures, respectively.	Carbohydrates	121-133	prolactin	Homo sapiens	39-42
8144855-3	1993	Endoglycosidase treatment and carbohydrate content of PRL was found to be consistent with N-linked oligosaccharides of mannose-rich structure and complex units terminated in sialic acid.	Carbohydrates	30-42	prolactin	Homo sapiens	54-57
8144855-10	1993	The distribution of PRL to target and elimination organs was also found to be different according to the carbohydrate structure present in the hormone.	Carbohydrates	105-117	prolactin	Homo sapiens	20-23
8144855-4	1993	Mannose-rich PRL and PRL with biantennary oligosaccharides promoted cell growth of rat lymphoma cells to a diminished extent compared to non-glycosylated PRL (NG-PRL), indicating that the two major types of carbohydrate structure are able to decrease the intrinsic bioactivity of PRL.	Carbohydrates	207-219	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	13-16
8144855-4	1993	Mannose-rich PRL and PRL with biantennary oligosaccharides promoted cell growth of rat lymphoma cells to a diminished extent compared to non-glycosylated PRL (NG-PRL), indicating that the two major types of carbohydrate structure are able to decrease the intrinsic bioactivity of PRL.	Carbohydrates	207-219	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
8144855-4	1993	Mannose-rich PRL and PRL with biantennary oligosaccharides promoted cell growth of rat lymphoma cells to a diminished extent compared to non-glycosylated PRL (NG-PRL), indicating that the two major types of carbohydrate structure are able to decrease the intrinsic bioactivity of PRL.	Carbohydrates	207-219	prolactin	Homo sapiens	21-24
8104679-3	1993	Recent clinical studies elucidated that a carbohydrate antigen, sialyl Lex, is a useful tumor marker in colorectal cancer.	Carbohydrates	42-54	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	71-74
8144855-4	1993	Mannose-rich PRL and PRL with biantennary oligosaccharides promoted cell growth of rat lymphoma cells to a diminished extent compared to non-glycosylated PRL (NG-PRL), indicating that the two major types of carbohydrate structure are able to decrease the intrinsic bioactivity of PRL.	Carbohydrates	207-219	prolactin	Homo sapiens	21-24
8144855-4	1993	Mannose-rich PRL and PRL with biantennary oligosaccharides promoted cell growth of rat lymphoma cells to a diminished extent compared to non-glycosylated PRL (NG-PRL), indicating that the two major types of carbohydrate structure are able to decrease the intrinsic bioactivity of PRL.	Carbohydrates	207-219	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
8144855-9	1993	In contrast, NG-PRL was eliminated with a half-time of approximately 5 min, followed by a very slow disappearance over several h. It thus appeared that glycosylation increased the metabolic clearance rate of PRL from 0.13 +/- 0.07 ml/min for NG-PRL to 0.47 +/- 0.12 ml/min for PRL with biantennary carbohydrate chains and 0.8 +/- 0.2 ml/min for the hormone with mannose-rich oligosaccharides.	Carbohydrates	298-310	prolactin	Homo sapiens	16-19
8144855-9	1993	In contrast, NG-PRL was eliminated with a half-time of approximately 5 min, followed by a very slow disappearance over several h. It thus appeared that glycosylation increased the metabolic clearance rate of PRL from 0.13 +/- 0.07 ml/min for NG-PRL to 0.47 +/- 0.12 ml/min for PRL with biantennary carbohydrate chains and 0.8 +/- 0.2 ml/min for the hormone with mannose-rich oligosaccharides.	Carbohydrates	298-310	prolactin	Homo sapiens	208-211
8144855-9	1993	In contrast, NG-PRL was eliminated with a half-time of approximately 5 min, followed by a very slow disappearance over several h. It thus appeared that glycosylation increased the metabolic clearance rate of PRL from 0.13 +/- 0.07 ml/min for NG-PRL to 0.47 +/- 0.12 ml/min for PRL with biantennary carbohydrate chains and 0.8 +/- 0.2 ml/min for the hormone with mannose-rich oligosaccharides.	Carbohydrates	298-310	prolactin	Homo sapiens	208-211
7693873-0	1993	Human peripheral myelin protein-22 carries the L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate adhesion epitope.	Carbohydrates	56-68	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	50-55
7692839-0	1993	Immunoreactivity of exfoliation material for the cell adhesion-related HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope.	Carbohydrates	77-89	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	71-76
8407906-3	1993	Pg activation by u-PA on the surface of RA synovial fibroblasts induces a significant rise in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) within 90 s. Pg kringle 4 and the alpha 2,3-linked sialic acid in the carbohydrate chain bound to Thr245 are involved in mediating the increases in [Ca2+]i.	Carbohydrates	208-220	plasminogen activator, urokinase	Homo sapiens	17-21
7692600-2	1993	A recombinant L-selectin stains high endothelial venules (HEVs) in lymph nodes and recognizes sulfated carbohydrates found on two endothelial glycoproteins, Sgp50 and Sgp90.	Carbohydrates	103-116	selectin, lymphocyte	Mus musculus	14-24
8399396-0	1993	The role of the carbohydrate chains of Gal beta-1,4-GlcNAc alpha 2,6-sialyltransferase for enzyme activity.	Carbohydrates	16-28	ST6 beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	69-86
8399396-1	1993	Gal beta-1,4-GlcNAc alpha 2,6-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate:beta-galactoside alpha 2,6 sialyltransferase, EC 2.4.99.1) is a glycoprotein containing carbohydrate chains of the complex type (Jamieson, J.C. (1989) Life Sci.	Carbohydrates	161-173	ST6 beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	30-47
8399396-1	1993	Gal beta-1,4-GlcNAc alpha 2,6-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate:beta-galactoside alpha 2,6 sialyltransferase, EC 2.4.99.1) is a glycoprotein containing carbohydrate chains of the complex type (Jamieson, J.C. (1989) Life Sci.	Carbohydrates	161-173	ST6 beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	100-117
8399396-3	1993	The carbohydrate chains may be important for controlling the expression of sialyltransferase catalytic activity during transit of the enzyme from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex where it is active as a membrane bound enzyme anchored to the luminal face.	Carbohydrates	4-16	ST6 beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	75-92
8399396-4	1993	To study the role of the carbohydrate chains of sialyltransferase for enzyme activity, conditions were established in which the native enzyme was deglycosylated with N-Glycanase and endo F. It was found that Glycanase removed the carbohydrate chains from native sialyltransferase, but methanol or ethanol had to be present for rapid and complete deglycosylation.	Carbohydrates	25-37	ST6 beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	48-65
8399396-4	1993	To study the role of the carbohydrate chains of sialyltransferase for enzyme activity, conditions were established in which the native enzyme was deglycosylated with N-Glycanase and endo F. It was found that Glycanase removed the carbohydrate chains from native sialyltransferase, but methanol or ethanol had to be present for rapid and complete deglycosylation.	Carbohydrates	25-37	ST6 beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	262-279
8399396-4	1993	To study the role of the carbohydrate chains of sialyltransferase for enzyme activity, conditions were established in which the native enzyme was deglycosylated with N-Glycanase and endo F. It was found that Glycanase removed the carbohydrate chains from native sialyltransferase, but methanol or ethanol had to be present for rapid and complete deglycosylation.	Carbohydrates	230-242	ST6 beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	48-65
8399396-4	1993	To study the role of the carbohydrate chains of sialyltransferase for enzyme activity, conditions were established in which the native enzyme was deglycosylated with N-Glycanase and endo F. It was found that Glycanase removed the carbohydrate chains from native sialyltransferase, but methanol or ethanol had to be present for rapid and complete deglycosylation.	Carbohydrates	230-242	ST6 beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	262-279
8399396-5	1993	Presence of methanol or ethanol were not essential for removal of carbohydrate chains with endo F. There was a correlation between the loss of catalytic activity of sialyltransferase with increased deglycosylation.	Carbohydrates	66-78	ST6 beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	165-182
8286714-1	1993	Renin is a glycoprotein that is heterogeneous with respect to carbohydrate content and net charge.	Carbohydrates	62-74	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: renin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-5
8403395-0	1993	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin quantified by HPLC to determine heavy consumption of alcohol.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
8403395-1	1993	We developed a new fully automated ion-exchange chromatographic method for quantitating carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) on a Mono Q column.	Carbohydrates	88-100	transferrin	Homo sapiens	111-122
8286855-4	1993	Carbohydrate was absent on Ser1, Ser14, Ser15, Ser23, Thr28 and Thr58 in GpA.	Carbohydrates	0-12	glycophorin A (MNS blood group)	Homo sapiens	73-76
8105531-4	1993	The TNF-inducing factor exhibited characteristics of a glycoprotein with the carbohydrate moiety as the structure responsible for stimulation.	Carbohydrates	77-89	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	4-7
8378318-3	1993	In vivo studies showed that feeding rats a high carbohydrate diet containing menhaden oil rapidly (within hours) and significantly (&gt; or = 50%) attenuates hepatic S14 gene transcription and S14 mRNA abundance.	Carbohydrates	48-60	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	166-169
8378318-3	1993	In vivo studies showed that feeding rats a high carbohydrate diet containing menhaden oil rapidly (within hours) and significantly (&gt; or = 50%) attenuates hepatic S14 gene transcription and S14 mRNA abundance.	Carbohydrates	48-60	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	193-196
8142598-4	1993	Taken together, this suggests that the primary effect of cachectin/TNF on myocyte carbohydrate metabolism is to increase glycolysis.	Carbohydrates	82-94	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	57-66
8142598-4	1993	Taken together, this suggests that the primary effect of cachectin/TNF on myocyte carbohydrate metabolism is to increase glycolysis.	Carbohydrates	82-94	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	67-70
8366110-1	1993	Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with human lysozyme cDNA encoding Asn instead of Gly22 synthesize a mutant lysozyme, [Asn22]lysozyme, with about 60% of the molecules bearing carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	182-194	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	51-59
8220653-1	1993	A plasma insulin and amino acid-mediated mechanism is thought to modulate brain serotonin concentration, thereby regulating carbohydrate consumption on a meal to meal basis.	Carbohydrates	124-136	insulin	Homo sapiens	9-16
8366110-1	1993	Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with human lysozyme cDNA encoding Asn instead of Gly22 synthesize a mutant lysozyme, [Asn22]lysozyme, with about 60% of the molecules bearing carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	182-194	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	115-123
8366110-1	1993	Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with human lysozyme cDNA encoding Asn instead of Gly22 synthesize a mutant lysozyme, [Asn22]lysozyme, with about 60% of the molecules bearing carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	182-194	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	115-123
8366110-6	1993	Cleavage of the precursor with cathepsin L has revealed that the lysozyme portion of the secreted fusion protein bears a complex type carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	134-146	cathepsin L	Homo sapiens	31-42
8366110-6	1993	Cleavage of the precursor with cathepsin L has revealed that the lysozyme portion of the secreted fusion protein bears a complex type carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	134-146	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	65-73
8366110-10	1993	Our results indicate that carbohydrate processing in [Asn22]lysozyme, including the synthesis of mannose 6-phosphate residues and of lactosamine repeats, is altered by the attached cathepsin D.	Carbohydrates	26-38	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	60-68
8366110-11	1993	The phosphorylation of the carbohydrate on the lysozyme portion results in a very efficient lysosomal targeting of the concerned fusion protein molecules.	Carbohydrates	27-39	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	47-55
8365364-1	1993	The rat S14 gene provides an excellent model to examine the DNA sequences associated with carbohydrate regulation of hepatic gene transcription.	Carbohydrates	90-102	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	8-11
8365364-9	1993	The results suggest that the CHORE contains a carbohydrate regulatory element and operates as an enhancer in concert with other sequences within the S14 gene.	Carbohydrates	46-58	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	149-152
7506618-7	1993	The L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate structure was localized at the non-globular region in the protein fragment comprising the fourth and fifth immunoglobulin-like domains.	Carbohydrates	13-25	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	7-12
8261626-0	1993	Semi-automatic method for determination of different isoforms of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin.	Carbohydrates	65-77	transferrin	Homo sapiens	88-99
8261626-1	1993	Carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) has been reported to be one of the best biochemical markers of alcohol abuse.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
8374664-4	1993	Analysis of the interrelationships between the reproductive axis and carbohydrate metabolism suggests that the associated insulin resistance can induce hyperandrogenism.	Carbohydrates	69-81	insulin	Homo sapiens	122-129
7689841-3	1993	We show that these carbohydrate groups, and the structurally related Lewisa group, are all carried predominantly on a sub-population of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) related NCA-160, which is also recognised by CD66 antibodies.	Carbohydrates	19-31	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	140-164
7689841-3	1993	We show that these carbohydrate groups, and the structurally related Lewisa group, are all carried predominantly on a sub-population of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) related NCA-160, which is also recognised by CD66 antibodies.	Carbohydrates	19-31	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	166-169
7689841-4	1993	We demonstrate that the related NCA-160, NCA-90/95 and CD67 all undergo an increase in surface expression in response to fMLP stimulation, and that this increase is greater than that observed for the sialyl and non-sialyl LewisX carbohydrate groups.	Carbohydrates	229-241	CEA cell adhesion molecule 8	Homo sapiens	55-59
7689841-4	1993	We demonstrate that the related NCA-160, NCA-90/95 and CD67 all undergo an increase in surface expression in response to fMLP stimulation, and that this increase is greater than that observed for the sialyl and non-sialyl LewisX carbohydrate groups.	Carbohydrates	229-241	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	121-125
7689830-0	1993	The ELAM ligand fucosyltransferase, ELFT, directs E-selectin binding to a secreted scaffold protein: a method to produce and purify large quantities of specific carbohydrate structures.	Carbohydrates	161-173	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	36-40
7689830-6	1993	We co-expressed a fucosyltransferase (ELFT) and a secreted immunoglobulin-LFA3 fusion protein (LFA31G) in the same cell to modify the carbohydrate structures on the secreted LFA3IG scaffold protein (we refer to this novel protein as X-LFA3IG).	Carbohydrates	134-146	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	38-42
8238795-4	1993	In this study the IgE-binding components and/or epitopes in P. ovale extract were shown to be partially sensitive to pronase or trypsin treatment, whereas periodate oxidation resulted in a complete loss of IgE-binding capacity, thus suggesting the involvement of carbohydrate structures.	Carbohydrates	263-275	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	18-21
8238795-11	1993	We therefore conclude that the cross-reacting anti-P. ovale/anti-C. albicans IgE antibodies in the sera of AD patients are mainly directed at a restricted number of carbohydrate epitopes that are expressed on a heterodisperse range of high-mol.-mass components, probably mannans or mannoproteins.	Carbohydrates	165-177	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	77-80
8312660-0	1993	Effects of the carbohydrate composition of a low-protein meal on the postprandial responses of plasma glucose and insulin in diabetic patients.	Carbohydrates	15-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	114-121
8102096-1	1993	The S14 gene encodes a protein found in the nuclei of lipogenic tissues that is induced synergistically by thyroid hormone (T3) and dietary carbohydrate, as are several lipogenic enzymes.	Carbohydrates	140-152	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
8102096-7	1993	Animals receiving both T3 and high carbohydrate diet refeeding showed increased intensity of staining, compared to the refed group, for both S14 and ACC across the entire lobule.	Carbohydrates	35-47	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	141-144
8102096-9	1993	Modulation, by the carbohydrate content of the diet, of the fraction of the liver that may express S14 and ACC in response to T3 provides a mechanism for coregulation of the genes involved in hepatic lipid formation.	Carbohydrates	19-31	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	99-102
8102096-10	1993	Moreover, the observed cozonation of S14 and ACC as well as the quantitatively similar effects of T3 and dietary carbohydrate on S14, ACC, fatty acid synthetase, and ATP-citrate lyase protein abundance prompt the speculation that S14 acts in the nucleus to promote expression of the genes involved in the lipogenic pathway.	Carbohydrates	113-125	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	129-132
8102096-10	1993	Moreover, the observed cozonation of S14 and ACC as well as the quantitatively similar effects of T3 and dietary carbohydrate on S14, ACC, fatty acid synthetase, and ATP-citrate lyase protein abundance prompt the speculation that S14 acts in the nucleus to promote expression of the genes involved in the lipogenic pathway.	Carbohydrates	113-125	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	129-132
8220487-1	1993	Sucrose synthase, an important enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism, catalyzes the reversible conversion of sucrose and UDP to UDP-glucose and fructose in vitro.	Carbohydrates	41-53	sucrose synthase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-16
8228387-0	1993	Effect of carbohydrates on the pharmacokinetics of human interferon-gamma.	Carbohydrates	10-23	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	57-73
8228387-9	1993	The results emphasize the importance of the carbohydrate groups in human IFN-gamma to its pharmacokinetic properties.	Carbohydrates	44-56	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	73-82
7690857-2	1993	Some glycoproteins in this M(r) range in humans, cats and some other mammals react with HNK1, a mouse monoclonal antibody that identifies a carbohydrate epitope shared between the immune system and a number of adhesion proteins in the nervous system.	Carbohydrates	140-152	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	88-92
7690857-3	1993	A variety of antibodies to P0, PMP-22, and the carbohydrate determinants reacting with HNK1 were used to characterize immunochemically these 19 to 28 kDa glycoproteins of cat PNS myelin.	Carbohydrates	47-59	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	87-91
7690857-6	1993	Since the carbohydrate structure reacting with HNK1 is generally expressed on adhesion molecules, this result suggests that PMP-22 may function in cell-cell or membrane-membrane interactions.	Carbohydrates	10-22	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	47-51
7690857-10	1993	The presence of high levels of the adhesion-related HNK1 epitope on these major myelin proteins of fish suggests that this carbohydrate structure may have played a role in the molecular evolution of myelin.	Carbohydrates	123-135	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	52-56
8371658-1	1993	Six trained men were studied during 2 h of exercise at 65% VO2max to examine the influence of the physical form of carbohydrate supplementation on blood glucose and insulin responses.	Carbohydrates	115-127	insulin	Homo sapiens	165-172
8371658-8	1993	Plasma insulin levels were higher (P &lt; 0.05) after 120 min of exercise when carbohydrate was ingested.	Carbohydrates	79-91	insulin	Homo sapiens	7-14
8371658-9	1993	The results of this study indicate that carbohydrate supplements with differing physical form (liquid vs solid) but equal carbohydrate content produce similar blood glucose and insulin responses during exercise.	Carbohydrates	40-52	insulin	Homo sapiens	177-184
7686444-2	1993	Here, we measured these indices in germ cell tumor and compared them with those in various diseases to reveal the characteristic feature of the carbohydrate moiety of AFP in this tumor.	Carbohydrates	144-156	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	167-170
7521282-9	1993	In immunofluorescence studies, anti-E-cadherin-treated epiblast cells ceased to express SSEA-1, a carbohydrate moiety that is lost as mesoderm differentiates from the epiblast in vivo, and they also ceased to express E-cadherin itself.	Carbohydrates	98-110	cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	36-46
8325871-3	1993	The carbohydrate binding specificity of recombinant carbohydrate-binding protein 35 (rCBP35) has been investigated by quantitative precipitation using a series of glycoproteins and carbohydrate-protein conjugates and by inhibition of precipitation using well defined carbohydrate haptens.	Carbohydrates	4-16	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	52-83
8325871-3	1993	The carbohydrate binding specificity of recombinant carbohydrate-binding protein 35 (rCBP35) has been investigated by quantitative precipitation using a series of glycoproteins and carbohydrate-protein conjugates and by inhibition of precipitation using well defined carbohydrate haptens.	Carbohydrates	4-16	galectin 3	Rattus norvegicus	85-91
8325871-3	1993	The carbohydrate binding specificity of recombinant carbohydrate-binding protein 35 (rCBP35) has been investigated by quantitative precipitation using a series of glycoproteins and carbohydrate-protein conjugates and by inhibition of precipitation using well defined carbohydrate haptens.	Carbohydrates	52-64	galectin 3	Rattus norvegicus	85-91
8100229-2	1993	This ligand has been named GlyCAM 1 (Gly-cosylation-dependent Cell Adhesion Molecule 1) because its adhesive interactions with the L selectin lectin domain require that the GlyCAM 1 polypeptide chain be appropriately modified with carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	231-244	cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	62-86
8100229-2	1993	This ligand has been named GlyCAM 1 (Gly-cosylation-dependent Cell Adhesion Molecule 1) because its adhesive interactions with the L selectin lectin domain require that the GlyCAM 1 polypeptide chain be appropriately modified with carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	231-244	selectin, lymphocyte	Mus musculus	131-141
8338155-11	1993	In conclusion, insulin resistance to carbohydrate metabolism is associated with resistance to insulin"s effect to decrease skeletal muscle vascular resistance and as such could act as a risk factor for the development of hypertension.	Carbohydrates	37-49	insulin	Homo sapiens	15-22
8330405-1	1993	Variations in either the polypeptide sequence or the carbohydrate moieties of transferrin may result in altered electrophoretic mobility of this molecule.	Carbohydrates	53-65	transferrin	Homo sapiens	78-89
8319560-1	1993	The rat S14 gene is synergistically regulated by thyroid hormone and carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	69-82	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	8-11
8260593-2	1993	Experiments were performed to determine whether carbohydrate content of different IL-3 glycoforms will affect their biological activity.	Carbohydrates	48-60	interleukin 3	Mus musculus	82-86
7686914-0	1993	Relationship between carbohydrate metabolism and serum insulin-like growth factor system in postmenopausal women: comparison of endometrial cancer patients with healthy controls.	Carbohydrates	21-33	insulin	Homo sapiens	55-62
8395472-0	1993	Insulin sensitivity and lipid levels in obese subjects after slimming diets with different complex and simple carbohydrate content.	Carbohydrates	110-122	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
8405887-4	1993	These findings suggest that alterations in secretory and metabolic dynamics of insulin are of greater importance than changes in binding affinity in the adaptation to states of high carbohydrate flux in these very energetic organisms.	Carbohydrates	182-194	insulin	Gallus gallus	79-86
7685759-6	1993	The portion of t-PA most important for internalization after complexing with PAI-1 is likely to be in the finger and/or epidermal growth factor domains or in the carbohydrate at amino acid 117, in that the internalization of preformed t-PA.PAI-1 complexes or complexes formed on the cell surface was inhibited by an excess of active site-blocked wild type t-PA, but not by an active site blocked t-PA variant missing these domains.	Carbohydrates	162-174	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	15-19
7852887-6	1993	Ingestion of both carbohydrate and fat induced substantial rises in GIP secretion, but the protein meal had no effect.	Carbohydrates	18-30	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	68-71
7852887-11	1993	The increases in circulating GLP-1(7-36)amide and GIP levels following carbohydrate or a mixed meal are consistent with their role as incretins.	Carbohydrates	71-83	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	50-53
8355455-3	1993	Although the combined occurrence of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, frequently secondary to insulin resistance with regard to carbohydrate metabolism, is a hallmark of non-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDDM), the role of these abnormalities in determining an impaired natriuresis in NIDDM is not yet fully understood.	Carbohydrates	130-142	insulin	Homo sapiens	59-66
8318013-8	1993	In conclusion, the carbohydrate moiety of the native membrane-inserted rat ovarian LH/CG receptor does not contribute to the ligand-binding specificity, and it is not required for the functional coupling of the occupied receptor and the adenylate cyclase system.	Carbohydrates	19-31	luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	83-97
8390218-4	1993	These results indicate that a characteristic feature of the carbohydrate chains of AAT from patients with HCC is an increment in fucosylation.	Carbohydrates	60-72	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	83-86
8503362-3	1993	Although protein elicits the largest thermic effect among the various nutrients, most studies have addressed carbohydrate- or fat-induced thermogenesis in insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	109-121	insulin	Homo sapiens	155-162
8509458-0	1993	The fourth immunoglobulin-like domain of NCAM contains a carbohydrate recognition domain for oligomannosidic glycans implicated in association with L1 and neurite outgrowth.	Carbohydrates	57-69	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	41-45
8103727-5	1993	The carbohydrate-free and the two mono-glycosylated analogues are about equally active with bradykinin.	Carbohydrates	4-16	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	92-102
8500895-8	1993	The adhesin moiety appeared to be carbohydrate, because the activity of Fr.IIa was destroyed by 20 mM sodium periodate or by 5 U of alpha-mannosidase, but boiling (30 min) or proteinase K (100 micrograms/ml) treatments had no effect.	Carbohydrates	34-46	alpha-mannosidase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	132-149
8509458-6	1993	This cis-association between L1 and NCAM is carbohydrate-dependent (Kadmon, G., A. Kowitz, P. Altevogt, and M. Schachner.	Carbohydrates	44-56	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	36-40
8509458-12	1993	Furthermore, the fourth immunoglobulin-like domain of NCAM shows sequence homology with carbohydrate recognition domains of animal C-type lectins and, surprisingly, also with plant lectins.	Carbohydrates	88-100	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	54-58
8486673-0	1993	Studies on the carbohydrate moiety and on the biosynthesis of rat C-reactive protein.	Carbohydrates	15-27	C-reactive protein	Rattus norvegicus	66-84
8331139-6	1993	The unfolding of the transferrin isoforms depends on the iron content of the complexes, but not the carbohydrate content.	Carbohydrates	100-112	transferrin	Homo sapiens	21-32
7684905-2	1993	One of the murine monoclonal antibodies (2H5, IgM, kappa), which was raised against sialyl LeX-active glycolipids which have long and complicated carbohydrate structures, was found to react strongly to the HEV endothelial cells of the human peripheral lymph nodes, while the typical anti-sialyl LeX antibodies SNH-3, FH-6 and CSLEX-1 failed to detect the antigen on HEV under the same condition.	Carbohydrates	146-158	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	91-94
7684905-6	1993	These results indicate that the carbohydrate antigens defined by the 2H5 antibody, most probably sialyl LeX determinants having complex carbohydrate structures, serve as the ligand for L-selectin on HEV endothelial cells.	Carbohydrates	32-44	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	104-107
7684905-6	1993	These results indicate that the carbohydrate antigens defined by the 2H5 antibody, most probably sialyl LeX determinants having complex carbohydrate structures, serve as the ligand for L-selectin on HEV endothelial cells.	Carbohydrates	136-148	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	104-107
8494877-5	1993	We have purified the major protein of the aragonitic otoconia of Xenopus laevis, which we call otoconin-22, and determined its amino acid sequence and carbohydrate composition.	Carbohydrates	151-163	phospholipase A2 group IIE S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	95-106
8488959-1	1993	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, CDT, had previously been reported to be an excellent marker for alcoholism.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
8393926-11	1993	These studies demonstrate that the amino-terminal domain of pig oocyte zona protein, ZP3 alpha, is partially occluded, in part by carbohydrate, and that site-directed antipeptide sera targeted to this portion of the molecule can interfere with sperm-zona attachment in vitro.	Carbohydrates	130-142	zona pellucida glycoprotein 4	Sus scrofa	85-94
7683160-5	1993	In accordance with the standard nomenclature, BTV-VP5 should now be termed GP5 due to the presence of the carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	106-118	glycoprotein V platelet	Homo sapiens	75-78
8498392-3	1993	Since dietary potassium is generally ingested in combination with carbohydrates, the predictable stimulation of endogenous insulin release may blunt the expected increase in plasma potassium.	Carbohydrates	66-79	insulin	Homo sapiens	123-130
8099115-0	1993	Monoclonal antibodies to the carbohydrate structure Lewis(x) stimulate the adhesive activity of leukocyte integrin CD11b/CD18 (CR3, Mac-1, alpha m beta 2) on human granulocytes.	Carbohydrates	29-41	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	52-60
8099115-0	1993	Monoclonal antibodies to the carbohydrate structure Lewis(x) stimulate the adhesive activity of leukocyte integrin CD11b/CD18 (CR3, Mac-1, alpha m beta 2) on human granulocytes.	Carbohydrates	29-41	integrin subunit beta 2	Homo sapiens	121-125
8488962-0	1993	Serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin as a marker of alcohol consumption in patients with chronic liver diseases.	Carbohydrates	6-18	transferrin	Homo sapiens	29-40
8488962-1	1993	We measured serum levels of carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) in 420 subjects: 100 healthy blood donors, 82 healthy employees, 70 abstaining patients with different chronic nonalcoholic liver disease, 16 abstaining patients with alcoholic fatty liver, 50 abstaining patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis, 25 abusing patients with alcoholic fatty liver, 41 abusing patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis, and 36 patients with alcohol dependence syndrome with a daily ethanol consumption of 173 +/- 120 g the last 4 weeks before blood was drawn.	Carbohydrates	28-40	transferrin	Homo sapiens	51-62
7683936-3	1993	We now show that E-selectin specifically binds to the sialyl Lex carbohydrate epitopes of leukocyte integrins.	Carbohydrates	65-77	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	61-64
8449482-10	1993	These results support the notion that apolipoprotein distributions and their associations with lipid and carbohydrate metabolism show ethnic variability.	Carbohydrates	105-117	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	38-52
8387551-6	1993	Milk protein percentage was elevated when either the high rumen-available nonstructural carbohydrate or high rumen-available protein diets were fed.	Carbohydrates	88-100	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
8468354-0	1993	Carbohydrate recognition in the peripheral nervous system: a calcium-dependent membrane binding site for HNK-1 reactive glycolipids potentially involved in Schwann cell adhesion.	Carbohydrates	0-12	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	105-110
8468354-1	1993	The carbohydrate determinants recognized by the HNK-1 antibody are potential cell-cell recognition ligands in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).	Carbohydrates	4-16	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	48-53
8439228-2	1993	After beta-cell stimulation by carbohydrate or other secretagogues, insulin and C-peptide are secreted into the portal vein in a 1:1 molar ratio.	Carbohydrates	31-43	insulin	Homo sapiens	68-75
8439228-2	1993	After beta-cell stimulation by carbohydrate or other secretagogues, insulin and C-peptide are secreted into the portal vein in a 1:1 molar ratio.	Carbohydrates	31-43	insulin	Homo sapiens	80-89
7679920-0	1993	Carbohydrate structures of human alpha-fetoprotein of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: presence of fucosylated and non-fucosylated triantennary glycans.	Carbohydrates	0-12	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	33-50
7680527-6	1993	Serum IGF-1 levels decreased during calorie restriction with fasting or with diets high in fat or carbohydrates (CHO; combined mean 40 +/- 7%) but showed little change with the high protein regimen (3 +/- 16%; p &lt; 0.05 compared to the other diets).	Carbohydrates	98-111	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	6-11
8507456-2	1993	Since a carbohydrate/lectin interaction may be involved in adhesion, we undertook this study to characterize the glycosylation of the major human P. carinii surface glycoprotein (gp95).	Carbohydrates	8-20	sortilin 1	Homo sapiens	179-183
8507456-4	1993	Using a polyclonal antibody raised against purified gp95 and crossed affinoimmunoelectrophoresis and the lectins Con A and WGA, gp95 exhibited carbohydrate-dependent microheterogeneity.	Carbohydrates	143-155	sortilin 1	Homo sapiens	52-56
8507456-4	1993	Using a polyclonal antibody raised against purified gp95 and crossed affinoimmunoelectrophoresis and the lectins Con A and WGA, gp95 exhibited carbohydrate-dependent microheterogeneity.	Carbohydrates	143-155	sortilin 1	Homo sapiens	128-132
7679920-8	1993	These results indicate that the increment in fucosylation and branching to form new antennae is a characteristic feature of the carbohydrate chains of AFP from patients with neoplastic diseases of the liver.	Carbohydrates	128-140	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	151-154
7680041-5	1993	These data suggest that this endothelial ligand is an adhesion molecule that accomplishes cell binding by presenting carbohydrate(s) to the lectin domain of L Selectin, and the name GLYCAM 1 (GLY-cosylation-dependent Cell Adhesion Molecule 1) has been proposed.	Carbohydrates	117-129	selectin, lymphocyte	Mus musculus	157-167
8472625-13	1993	The conclusions were: (1) In overnight fasted hyperglycemic non-insulin-dependent subjects s.c. injections of proinsulin and insulin zinc can produce similar effects on glucose turnover, intermediary lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	210-222	insulin	Homo sapiens	110-120
8429037-5	1993	It is anticipated that further resolution of this apparent difference may provide a clearer definition for the role of the carbohydrate moiety in affecting the biological function of thyroglobulin.	Carbohydrates	123-135	thyroglobulin	Rattus norvegicus	183-196
8428978-9	1993	The multiple carbohydrate side chains present in the native beta-chain of C4BP were apparently not required for protein S binding, as the recombinant beta-chain was not glycosylated.	Carbohydrates	13-25	complement component 4 binding protein alpha	Homo sapiens	74-78
8382044-1	1993	Affinity-purified antibodies against the C-terminal region of the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE-1) were used to analyse the carbohydrate moiety of the protein.	Carbohydrates	116-128	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Homo sapiens	84-89
8472625-13	1993	The conclusions were: (1) In overnight fasted hyperglycemic non-insulin-dependent subjects s.c. injections of proinsulin and insulin zinc can produce similar effects on glucose turnover, intermediary lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	210-222	insulin	Homo sapiens	113-120
8472625-14	1993	(2) Similar carbohydrate intermediary metabolism profiles can be obtained following insulin zinc, proinsulin or control injections.	Carbohydrates	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	84-91
8472625-14	1993	(2) Similar carbohydrate intermediary metabolism profiles can be obtained following insulin zinc, proinsulin or control injections.	Carbohydrates	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	98-108
7679407-7	1993	IGF-I caused a marked decline in C-peptide (1,165 +/- 341 pmol/liter; mean +/- SD) compared to the GH/IGF-I combination (2,280 +/- 612 pmol/liter; P &lt; 0.001), suggesting maintenance of normal carbohydrate metabolism with the latter regimen.	Carbohydrates	195-207	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
8436176-13	1993	Comparison of the gamma 1 and aglycosyl gamma 1 mAb in an experimental mouse model for CD3 mAb-induced cytokine release indicated that removal of the carbohydrate moiety from the gamma 1 constant region reduced the in vivo tumor necrosis factor-alpha response by a factor of at least 16-fold.	Carbohydrates	150-162	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	223-250
8474315-0	1993	Growth hormone treatment after abdominal surgery decreased carbohydrate oxidation and increased fat oxidation in patients with total parenteral nutrition.	Carbohydrates	59-71	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	0-14
8433075-9	1993	In conclusion, substitution of moderate amounts of fructose for complex carbohydrates can improve glycaemic control and insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	72-85	insulin	Homo sapiens	120-127
8433705-7	1993	Thus, beta-1,4-GT could act as a cell-surface receptor for Ig through a cation-dependent, lectin-like association of the beta-1,4-GT with the carbohydrate moieties of the Ig.	Carbohydrates	142-154	UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	6-17
8433705-7	1993	Thus, beta-1,4-GT could act as a cell-surface receptor for Ig through a cation-dependent, lectin-like association of the beta-1,4-GT with the carbohydrate moieties of the Ig.	Carbohydrates	142-154	UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	121-132
8424778-1	1993	Carrageenans, a family of polysulphated carbohydrates, inhibited binding of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF).	Carbohydrates	40-53	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	76-106
8419345-5	1993	Fasciclin I expressed in S2 cells contains significantly less carbohydrate than the protein expressed in CHO cells, and may therefore be more suitable for crystallization.	Carbohydrates	62-74	Fasciclin 1	Drosophila melanogaster	0-11
8424778-1	1993	Carrageenans, a family of polysulphated carbohydrates, inhibited binding of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF).	Carbohydrates	40-53	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	108-112
8424778-1	1993	Carrageenans, a family of polysulphated carbohydrates, inhibited binding of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF).	Carbohydrates	40-53	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	115-148
8424778-1	1993	Carrageenans, a family of polysulphated carbohydrates, inhibited binding of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF).	Carbohydrates	40-53	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	150-160
8256592-6	1993	Review of the literature shows that this constellation of findings has been associated with carbohydrate-deficient transferrin.	Carbohydrates	92-104	transferrin	Homo sapiens	115-126
8093344-0	1993	Differentiation-dependent expression of sialyl stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 and I-antigens on human lymphoid cells and its implications for carbohydrate-mediated adhesion to vascular endothelium.	Carbohydrates	146-158	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	47-81
7803192-1	1993	Supernatants derived from CD8+ lymphocytes treated with mycobacterial components, or the partially purified carbohydrates from these supernatants, increased the production of IL-4 and IL-6 by mononuclear cells.	Carbohydrates	108-121	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	175-179
7803192-1	1993	Supernatants derived from CD8+ lymphocytes treated with mycobacterial components, or the partially purified carbohydrates from these supernatants, increased the production of IL-4 and IL-6 by mononuclear cells.	Carbohydrates	108-121	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	184-188
7803192-2	1993	The addition of anti-IL4 or anti-IL6 antibodies to LPS stimulated MN cells incubated with supernatants from CD8+ lymphocytes or carbohydrates resulted in the restoration of other cytokine production by these MN cells.	Carbohydrates	128-141	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	21-24
7803192-2	1993	The addition of anti-IL4 or anti-IL6 antibodies to LPS stimulated MN cells incubated with supernatants from CD8+ lymphocytes or carbohydrates resulted in the restoration of other cytokine production by these MN cells.	Carbohydrates	128-141	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	33-36
8471092-2	1993	The first is the induction of the maximum activity of CYP 2E1 by several dietary factors, i.e. (1) low carbohydrate-high fat diet; and (2) the dietary fats composed of PUFA (Yang et al., 1992).	Carbohydrates	103-115	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	54-61
8093344-1	1993	Expression of two developmentally regulated carbohydrate antigens, the sialyl stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 (SSEA-1) and I-antigens, in human lymphocytes and lymphocytic leukemia cells was investigated using specific monoclonal antibodies.	Carbohydrates	44-56	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	78-112
8093344-1	1993	Expression of two developmentally regulated carbohydrate antigens, the sialyl stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 (SSEA-1) and I-antigens, in human lymphocytes and lymphocytic leukemia cells was investigated using specific monoclonal antibodies.	Carbohydrates	44-56	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	114-120
8281036-3	1993	Biologically active TCGF eluted from SDS-PAGE displays a M(r) of 16 kD and lectin-affinity chromatography indicates that the three-dimensional configuration of carbohydrates on TCGF and human IL-2 is similar.	Carbohydrates	160-173	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	20-24
8281036-3	1993	Biologically active TCGF eluted from SDS-PAGE displays a M(r) of 16 kD and lectin-affinity chromatography indicates that the three-dimensional configuration of carbohydrates on TCGF and human IL-2 is similar.	Carbohydrates	160-173	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	177-181
8281036-3	1993	Biologically active TCGF eluted from SDS-PAGE displays a M(r) of 16 kD and lectin-affinity chromatography indicates that the three-dimensional configuration of carbohydrates on TCGF and human IL-2 is similar.	Carbohydrates	160-173	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	192-196
8420576-6	1993	After adjusting for age, race, usual body mass index, and parity, a high percentage of calories from fat was associated with estrogen receptor-positive cancer, and a high percentage of calories from carbohydrates was associated with estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer.	Carbohydrates	199-212	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	233-250
8103016-5	1993	Their apparently specific inhibitory action of growth hormone when compared with that on insulin is pharmacodynamically based and may be exaggerated by physiological mechanisms of carbohydrate regulation.	Carbohydrates	180-192	insulin	Homo sapiens	89-96
7678232-3	1993	DESIGN: Comparison of amino acid and carbohydrate composition of hOV-I with that of hAFP.	Carbohydrates	37-49	zinc finger and BTB domain containing 20	Homo sapiens	62-64
8261088-0	1993	The L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate mediates adhesion of neural cells to laminin.	Carbohydrates	13-25	laminin, beta 2 (laminin S)	Gallus gallus	63-70
8261088-1	1993	The L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope shared by several neural adhesion molecules has been implicated in cell-to-cell and cell-to-laminin adhesion (Keilhauer et al., Nature, 316, 728-730, 1985; Kunemund et al., J.	Carbohydrates	13-25	laminin, beta 2 (laminin S)	Gallus gallus	126-133
8261088-5	1993	The cell-bound L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate, however, was a potent mediator of astrocytic and neuronal cell adhesion to laminin, which was strongly reduced in the presence of the L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate-carrying glycolipids or Fab fragments of a monoclonal antibody against it.	Carbohydrates	24-36	laminin, beta 2 (laminin S)	Gallus gallus	113-120
8261088-5	1993	The cell-bound L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate, however, was a potent mediator of astrocytic and neuronal cell adhesion to laminin, which was strongly reduced in the presence of the L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate-carrying glycolipids or Fab fragments of a monoclonal antibody against it.	Carbohydrates	181-193	laminin, beta 2 (laminin S)	Gallus gallus	113-120
8261088-8	1993	This result, as well as studies of the binding of the L2/HNK-1 glycolipids to laminin in the presence of heparin, indicates that the L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate and heparin are implicated in different aspects of neural cell adhesion to laminin.	Carbohydrates	142-154	laminin, beta 2 (laminin S)	Gallus gallus	78-85
8261088-8	1993	This result, as well as studies of the binding of the L2/HNK-1 glycolipids to laminin in the presence of heparin, indicates that the L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate and heparin are implicated in different aspects of neural cell adhesion to laminin.	Carbohydrates	142-154	laminin, beta 2 (laminin S)	Gallus gallus	230-237
7678232-3	1993	DESIGN: Comparison of amino acid and carbohydrate composition of hOV-I with that of hAFP.	Carbohydrates	37-49	zinc finger and BTB domain containing 20	Homo sapiens	62-64
7678232-9	1993	MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The amino acid and carbohydrate composition of hOV-I was determined.	Carbohydrates	42-54	zinc finger and BTB domain containing 20	Homo sapiens	67-69
8419616-3	1993	The disorder is characterized by a complex carbohydrate deficiency in certain glycoproteins, notably transferrin, which can be used as a marker of the disease.	Carbohydrates	43-55	transferrin	Homo sapiens	101-112
8300047-0	1993	Growth hormone effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in childhood.	Carbohydrates	26-38	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	0-14
8095932-1	1993	Stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 (SSEA-1) is a well-known carbohydrate antigen that is specifically expressed on the surface of cancer cells as well as embryonic cells.	Carbohydrates	60-72	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	0-34
8095932-1	1993	Stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 (SSEA-1) is a well-known carbohydrate antigen that is specifically expressed on the surface of cancer cells as well as embryonic cells.	Carbohydrates	60-72	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	36-42
10150790-0	1993	Carbohydrate deficient transferrin in alcoholism.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
10172013-0	1993	Carbohydrate deficient transferrin in alcoholism.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
8158919-2	1993	Correction of carbohydrate metabolism was performed by means of insulin therapy according to the optimized scheme.	Carbohydrates	14-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	64-71
1483400-3	1992	Insulin production is stimulated by high carbohydrate diets.	Carbohydrates	41-53	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
1457416-1	1992	The structure of the glycans of the A-chain of human plasma alpha 2HS-glycoprotein was established from the chemical compositions of its derivatives prepared by sequential enzymatic degradation of the carbohydrate moiety, from the determination of the kind and amount of the monosaccharides liberated after each step of the enzymatic digestion, and from the distinct specificity of the highly purified exoglycosidases.	Carbohydrates	201-213	alpha 2-HS glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	60-82
1444464-11	1992	From these data, we conclude that SP-A binds to galactosylceramide and asialo-GM2, and that both saccharide and ceramide moieties in the glycolipid molecule are important for the binding of SP-A to glycolipids.	Carbohydrates	97-107	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	190-194
1482662-3	1992	In order to know whether this gene defect affects the glycosylation in the cells other than the erythroid cells, the carbohydrate structures of the transferrin isolated from the sera of HEMPAS patients were analysed.	Carbohydrates	117-129	transferrin	Homo sapiens	148-159
8019127-9	1993	Furthermore, run-on assays showed that the periportal induction by carbohydrates is primarily a transcriptional response for FAS, and both transcriptional and posttranscriptional for ME.	Carbohydrates	67-80	fatty acid synthase	Mus musculus	125-128
1461145-0	1992	A high-monounsaturated-fat/low-carbohydrate diet improves peripheral insulin sensitivity in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients.	Carbohydrates	31-43	insulin	Homo sapiens	69-76
1469086-1	1992	By transfecting the full-length cDNA for human von Willebrand factor (vWf) into a line of Chinese hamster ovary cells with a defect in carbohydrate metabolism, we have prepared recombinant vWf specifically lacking O-linked carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	135-147	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	47-68
1469086-7	1992	These data indicate a possible role for O-linked carbohydrates in the vWf-glycoprotein 1b interaction promoted by ristocetin and suggest that abnormalities in carbohydrate modification might contribute to the altered ristocetin-dependent reactivity between vWf and platelets described for some variant forms of von Willebrand disease.	Carbohydrates	49-61	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	70-73
1282933-3	1992	Binding of gp120 to MAG was inhibited by the HNK-1 antibody, which recognizes a sulfated glucuronic acid epitope, suggesting that the interaction involves carbohydrate determinants.	Carbohydrates	155-167	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	45-50
1487953-5	1992	In addition to a single apoprotein B-100 (apo B-100) peptide with a mean carbohydrate content of 7.1% and a molecular weight of 550 KDa per LDL particle, there may be one or more apoprotein E peptides of 34 KDa and/or apoprotein C-III of 9 KDa.	Carbohydrates	73-85	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	24-40
1487953-5	1992	In addition to a single apoprotein B-100 (apo B-100) peptide with a mean carbohydrate content of 7.1% and a molecular weight of 550 KDa per LDL particle, there may be one or more apoprotein E peptides of 34 KDa and/or apoprotein C-III of 9 KDa.	Carbohydrates	73-85	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	42-51
1461145-1	1992	It is commonly believed that high-carbohydrate (CHO) diets improve peripheral insulin sensitivity; however, this concept is based on anecdotal evidence.	Carbohydrates	34-46	insulin	Homo sapiens	78-85
1477980-10	1992	The apparent molecular weight and carbohydrate structure of serum EC-SOD in Group II are identical to those in Group I.	Carbohydrates	34-46	superoxide dismutase 3	Homo sapiens	66-72
1454063-0	1992	Localization and characterization of the carbohydrate-binding site of the porcine lymphocyte mannan-binding protein.	Carbohydrates	41-53	mannose binding lectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	93-115
1454063-6	1992	Binding studies performed with three series of defined oligosaccharides (high mannose, hybrid type, and complex) on native lectin molecules as well as isolated carbohydrate-binding domains revealed distinctive features of this mannan-binding protein, including its impaired ability to bind the oligosaccharide ligand after reduction and decyclization at core N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 1.	Carbohydrates	160-172	mannose binding lectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	227-249
1421410-4	1992	In this report we examine oligosaccharides of glycophorins A and B purified from Tn erythrocytes of two affected individuals to establish how N- and O-linked saccharides differ from normal.	Carbohydrates	31-42	glycophorin A (MNS blood group)	Homo sapiens	46-66
1416983-6	1992	The carbohydrate groups of gp200 are N-linked and partially sialylated and contain terminal galactose residues.	Carbohydrates	4-16	podocalyxin like	Homo sapiens	27-32
1397701-0	1992	Comparison of effects of high and low carbohydrate diets on plasma lipoproteins and insulin sensitivity in patients with mild NIDDM.	Carbohydrates	38-50	insulin	Homo sapiens	84-91
1468287-8	1992	In 1 patient, feeding the high-carbohydrate diet for 68 days produced marked hyperglycemia and caused definite suppression of insulin and C-peptide responses along with an increase in glucagon levels.	Carbohydrates	31-43	insulin	Homo sapiens	126-133
1468287-8	1992	In 1 patient, feeding the high-carbohydrate diet for 68 days produced marked hyperglycemia and caused definite suppression of insulin and C-peptide responses along with an increase in glucagon levels.	Carbohydrates	31-43	insulin	Homo sapiens	138-147
1490731-3	1992	Nevertheless, a large amount of sCD4 remained cell-associated, presumably in the endoplasmic reticulum or an early golgi compartment, as indicated by the endo-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase H (endo-H) sensitivity of its carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	221-233	stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 4	Mus musculus	32-36
1390770-1	1992	The erythropoietin (EPO) molecule contains four carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	48-60	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	4-18
1390770-1	1992	The erythropoietin (EPO) molecule contains four carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	48-60	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	20-23
1289052-3	1992	The HNK-1 antibody against a surface carbohydrate epitope under certain conditions inhibited both cranial and trunk neural crest cell attachment to laminin, but not to fibronectin.	Carbohydrates	37-49	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	4-9
1425432-11	1992	The M(r) of the various SHBG mutants were also examined by gel filtration, and this indicated that they are all produced as homodimers and that carbohydrates are not involved in subunit association.	Carbohydrates	144-157	sex hormone-binding globulin	Cricetulus griseus	24-28
1282511-1	1992	The distribution of the carbohydrate epitope 3-fucosyl-N-acetyl-lactosamine (CD15) has been immunocytochemically evaluated in coronal paraffin sections through the magnocellular basal forebrain system--the nucleus basalis of Meynert, the nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca and the medial septal nucleus--of 202 human brains.	Carbohydrates	24-36	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	77-81
1482761-0	1992	Blockade of natural and neuropeptide Y-induced carbohydrate feeding by a receptor antagonist PYX-2.	Carbohydrates	47-59	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	24-38
1482761-1	1992	Neuropeptide Y (NPY injected into the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of rats has a potent stimulatory effect specifically on carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	124-136	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	0-14
1482761-1	1992	Neuropeptide Y (NPY injected into the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of rats has a potent stimulatory effect specifically on carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	124-136	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	16-19
1482761-4	1992	Moreover, at even lower doses (12.5 and 25.0 pmoles), PYX-2 also blocked the stimulatory action of PVN NPY (100 pmoles) on carbohydrate ingestion.	Carbohydrates	123-135	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
1482761-6	1992	They also constitute a crucial step in demonstrating a physiological function of these PVN NPY receptors specifically in controlling carbohydrate ingestion at the onset of the natural feeding cycle.	Carbohydrates	133-145	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	91-94
1493159-4	1992	Tubular carbohydrate metabolism is characterized by gluconeogenesis in the proximal tubule, glycolytic enzymes in the distal segments and high aldose reductase activity in the structures of the renal papilla.	Carbohydrates	8-20	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B	Homo sapiens	143-159
1400872-0	1992	Molecular analyses of a human sex hormone-binding globulin variant: evidence for an additional carbohydrate chain.	Carbohydrates	95-107	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	30-58
1397836-4	1992	For example, fatty acid synthase gene transcription is inhibited by specific polyunsaturated fatty acids; S14 and pyruvate kinase genes contain a specific carbohydrate response element; and editing of apo B-100 to apo B-48 is enhanced by dietary carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	246-258	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	201-210
1400872-8	1992	This additional subunit is larger than the variant in serum and probably reflects a greater degree of complexity in the carbohydrate structures added to recombinant SHBG during synthesis in CHO cells.	Carbohydrates	120-132	sex hormone-binding globulin	Cricetulus griseus	165-169
1325291-5	1992	The HIP sequence, like pancreatic stone protein/pancreatic thread protein/reg protein, consists of a single carbohydrate recognition domain linked to a signal peptide which would be involved in secretion of the protein.	Carbohydrates	108-120	regenerating family member 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	74-77
1382103-10	1992	Leukocyte attachment to TNF-activated glomerular endothelial cells was also partially inhibited by treatment of the cells with mannose-6-phosphate or phosphomannan monoester, a soluble complex carbohydrate, or by prior treatment of glomerular endothelial cells with neuraminidase, suggesting that the glomerular endothelial cell ligand shares functional characteristics with those expressed by lymph node and large vessel endothelial cells.	Carbohydrates	193-205	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	24-27
1327073-7	1992	The ectopic ACTH-syndrome often has typical clinical features caused by the levels of ACTH and cortisol leading to hypocalcemic alkalosis with muscle weakness and wasting, carbohydrate intolerance, and hypertension with oedema.	Carbohydrates	172-184	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	12-16
1327073-7	1992	The ectopic ACTH-syndrome often has typical clinical features caused by the levels of ACTH and cortisol leading to hypocalcemic alkalosis with muscle weakness and wasting, carbohydrate intolerance, and hypertension with oedema.	Carbohydrates	172-184	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	86-90
1405944-1	1992	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin is an efficient marker for detection of prolonged abuse].	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
1389100-7	1992	Furthermore, we attempted to identify additional carbohydrate-related epitopes distinguishing fibronectin of human hepatoma cell line HUH-7 from plasma fibronectin.	Carbohydrates	49-61	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	94-105
1451094-0	1992	Increased fucosylation and other carbohydrate changes in haptoglobin in ovarian cancer.	Carbohydrates	33-45	haptoglobin	Homo sapiens	57-68
1516707-0	1992	Carbohydrates in mammalian tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase.	Carbohydrates	0-13	tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	27-55
1396679-8	1992	The effect of thrombin on carbohydrate output was also blocked by a phospholipase A2 inhibitor (quinacrine, 50 microM) and by an inhibitor of the cyclooxygenase (indomethacin, 20 microM), suggesting the involvement of cyclooxygenase in the mechanism of action of thrombin.	Carbohydrates	26-38	coagulation factor II	Rattus norvegicus	14-22
1396679-8	1992	The effect of thrombin on carbohydrate output was also blocked by a phospholipase A2 inhibitor (quinacrine, 50 microM) and by an inhibitor of the cyclooxygenase (indomethacin, 20 microM), suggesting the involvement of cyclooxygenase in the mechanism of action of thrombin.	Carbohydrates	26-38	coagulation factor II	Rattus norvegicus	263-271
1389100-7	1992	Furthermore, we attempted to identify additional carbohydrate-related epitopes distinguishing fibronectin of human hepatoma cell line HUH-7 from plasma fibronectin.	Carbohydrates	49-61	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	152-163
1519325-8	1992	A panel of cell lines expressing mutant glycophorin A molecules with defined variations in amino acid sequence and carbohydrate composition will be useful in studies of the fine specificity of human glycophorin alloantibodies.	Carbohydrates	115-127	glycophorin A (MNS blood group)	Homo sapiens	40-53
1459112-1	1992	The carbohydrate moiety of the orosomucoid (ORM) molecule shows microheterogeneity [1] and the pteridine-containing variant seems to be tumor-specific [2-4].	Carbohydrates	4-16	orosomucoid 1	Homo sapiens	31-42
1459112-1	1992	The carbohydrate moiety of the orosomucoid (ORM) molecule shows microheterogeneity [1] and the pteridine-containing variant seems to be tumor-specific [2-4].	Carbohydrates	4-16	orosomucoid 1	Homo sapiens	44-47
1326943-7	1992	Biosynthetic labelling experiments in intestinal tissue explants demonstrated that the 184,000-M(r) protein is generated from a single-polypeptide, mannose-rich precursor of ACE (M(r) 175,000) by modification of the carbohydrate side-chains in the Golgi apparatus.	Carbohydrates	216-228	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	174-177
1637178-2	1992	We revealed the possible structure of the carbohydrate chain of serum EC-SOD with the serial lectin affinity technique.	Carbohydrates	42-54	superoxide dismutase 3	Homo sapiens	70-76
1303865-4	1992	There is a decrease of carbohydrate of gamma 2 and gamma 3 as the development of the lens (esp.	Carbohydrates	23-35	tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	39-56
1530145-1	1992	Chronic alcohol intake is often associated with alterations to iron homeostasis and an increase in the serum levels of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin.	Carbohydrates	119-131	transferrin	Rattus norvegicus	142-153
1639820-0	1992	Conjugation of soluble CD4 without loss of biological activity via a novel carbohydrate-directed cross-linking reagent.	Carbohydrates	75-87	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	23-26
1414300-1	1992	The CDG syndrome is a newly detected disorder with a carbohydrate defect in glycoproteins such as transferrin.	Carbohydrates	53-65	transferrin	Homo sapiens	98-109
1323274-0	1992	Evidence for carbohydrate-independent endocytosis of tissue-type plasminogen activator by liver cells.	Carbohydrates	13-25	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	53-86
1323274-8	1992	The results obtained in this study further demonstrate that the major portion of the hepatic catabolism of t-PA is independent of its carbohydrate side-chains.	Carbohydrates	134-146	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	107-111
1353482-6	1992	Loss of the carbohydrate recognition properties of S2 by deletion of residues 40 to 54 or site-specific mutations at Asn-93, His-47, or Arg-50 eliminated the ability of the subunit protein to competitively inhibit bacterial binding.	Carbohydrates	12-24	proteasome 26S subunit ubiquitin receptor, non-ATPase 2	Homo sapiens	51-53
1420818-0	1992	Quantitative assay of the carbohydrate in urokinase-type plasminogen activator by lectin-enzyme immunoassay.	Carbohydrates	26-38	plasminogen activator, urokinase	Homo sapiens	42-78
1420818-2	1992	u-PA antigen in the sample was immunologically bound to microtitre plate wells by anti-u-PA IgG and the binding of HRP-labelled lectins [Con A (Concanavalin A), WGA (wheat germ agglutinin), PNA (peanut agglutinin), CSA (Scotch broom), GS-I (Groffonia simplicifollia) and SBA (soybean agglutinin)] to the carbohydrate of u-PA was measured.	Carbohydrates	304-316	plasminogen activator, urokinase	Homo sapiens	0-4
1420818-5	1992	The binding of HRP-labelled Con A and WGA to the carbohydrate of u-PA was specifically inhibited by alpha-methylmannose and N-acetylglucosamine respectively.	Carbohydrates	49-61	plasminogen activator, urokinase	Homo sapiens	65-69
1420818-6	1992	Endo F treatment of the carbohydrate of u-PA decreased the binding of Con A and WGA.	Carbohydrates	24-36	plasminogen activator, urokinase	Homo sapiens	40-44
1420818-7	1992	The carbohydrate of u-PA obtained from chest fluid, ascites and U937 cell culture medium reacted with Con A and WGA by this assay forming a band in the 55 kDa region.	Carbohydrates	4-16	plasminogen activator, urokinase	Homo sapiens	20-24
1420818-8	1992	These results suggest that the lectin-EIA method is suitable for the assay of the carbohydrate in the B-chain of u-PA.	Carbohydrates	82-94	plasminogen activator, urokinase	Homo sapiens	113-117
1353371-6	1992	In agreement with the recent finding that both sialylated Lea and Lex react with ELAM-1, the results presented here show that the Lea and Lex determinants contain very similar carbohydrate domains.	Carbohydrates	176-188	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	138-141
1615940-2	1992	The receptor-binding agent was synthesized by the covalent coupling of carbohydrate units to human serum albumin.	Carbohydrates	71-83	albumin	Homo sapiens	99-112
1497648-1	1992	Experiments were conducted to determine the importance of the carbohydrate moiety of phosphoramidon in the inhibition of the pressor response to big endothelin-1 in anesthetized rats.	Carbohydrates	62-74	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	149-161
1321125-10	1992	Therefore, these results suggest that: 1) the cloned thrombin receptor is involved in a broad range of platelet responses to thrombin, as well as gamma-thrombin and trypsin; 2) as predicted, the N terminus of the receptor is accessible on the platelet surface; 3) the moderate affinity thrombin binding site noted in earlier studies may be the receptor; 4) potentially as much as one third of the mass of the receptor is carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	421-433	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	53-61
1618827-0	1992	Definition of the carbohydrate response element of the rat S14 gene.	Carbohydrates	18-30	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	59-62
1618827-2	1992	The 5"-flanking region of the S14 gene from -4316 to +18 contains regulatory sequences responsible for activation of promoter activity in response to elevated carbohydrate metabolism in primary hepatocytes.	Carbohydrates	159-171	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	30-33
1618827-5	1992	Comparison of the sequence of this S14 region to a region of the L-type pyruvate kinase gene that has been shown to mediate carbohydrate regulation (Thompson, K. S., and Towle, H. C. (1991) J. Biol.	Carbohydrates	124-136	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	35-38
1618827-11	1992	Reinsertion of the S14 oligonucleotide into an unresponsive S14 promoter construct restored the carbohydrate control.	Carbohydrates	96-108	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	19-22
1618827-11	1992	Reinsertion of the S14 oligonucleotide into an unresponsive S14 promoter construct restored the carbohydrate control.	Carbohydrates	96-108	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
1618827-13	1992	Thus, the S14 segment from -1457 to -1428 is a carbohydrate response element essential for the binding of nuclear factor(s) regulated by increased carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	47-59	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	10-13
1618827-13	1992	Thus, the S14 segment from -1457 to -1428 is a carbohydrate response element essential for the binding of nuclear factor(s) regulated by increased carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	147-159	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	10-13
1618827-14	1992	This factor(s) may be common to the carbohydrate regulation of the S14 and pyruvate kinase genes.	Carbohydrates	36-48	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	67-70
1418115-0	1992	Measurement of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin by isoelectric focusing/western blotting and by micro anion-exchange chromatography/radioimmunoassay: comparison of diagnostic accuracy.	Carbohydrates	15-27	transferrin	Homo sapiens	38-49
1418115-1	1992	At present, the most reliable marker of recent and heavy alcohol intake is carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT).	Carbohydrates	75-87	transferrin	Homo sapiens	98-109
1518006-6	1992	Anti-ZP3 titres developed in all treatment groups and correlated with carbohydrate content (peak per cent [125I]-labelled ZP3 binding by radioimmunoassay: SIZP 71.9 +/- 1.2, ZP3 70.0 +/- 2.5, ZP3 alpha-EBGD 60.9 +/- 5.3, ZP3 beta-EBGD 56.4 +/- 5.0, ZP3 alpha-DG 56.4 +/- 4.0, ZP3 beta-DG 53.5 +/- 4.3) (means +/- SEM).	Carbohydrates	70-82	zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 3	Oryctolagus cuniculus	5-8
1424196-15	1992	Furthermore, growth hormone treatment increased bone turnover without a measurable increase in bone density, caused some minor changes in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and increased the metabolism of thyroxine to T3.	Carbohydrates	148-160	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	13-27
1382618-1	1992	A panel of four murine monoclonal antibodies apparently directed against three distinct epitopes of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was conjugated via oxidized carbohydrate groups to 4-desacetylvinblastine-3-carboxyhydrazide.	Carbohydrates	159-171	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	100-124
1382618-1	1992	A panel of four murine monoclonal antibodies apparently directed against three distinct epitopes of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was conjugated via oxidized carbohydrate groups to 4-desacetylvinblastine-3-carboxyhydrazide.	Carbohydrates	159-171	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	126-129
1518006-6	1992	Anti-ZP3 titres developed in all treatment groups and correlated with carbohydrate content (peak per cent [125I]-labelled ZP3 binding by radioimmunoassay: SIZP 71.9 +/- 1.2, ZP3 70.0 +/- 2.5, ZP3 alpha-EBGD 60.9 +/- 5.3, ZP3 beta-EBGD 56.4 +/- 5.0, ZP3 alpha-DG 56.4 +/- 4.0, ZP3 beta-DG 53.5 +/- 4.3) (means +/- SEM).	Carbohydrates	70-82	zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 3	Oryctolagus cuniculus	122-125
1518006-6	1992	Anti-ZP3 titres developed in all treatment groups and correlated with carbohydrate content (peak per cent [125I]-labelled ZP3 binding by radioimmunoassay: SIZP 71.9 +/- 1.2, ZP3 70.0 +/- 2.5, ZP3 alpha-EBGD 60.9 +/- 5.3, ZP3 beta-EBGD 56.4 +/- 5.0, ZP3 alpha-DG 56.4 +/- 4.0, ZP3 beta-DG 53.5 +/- 4.3) (means +/- SEM).	Carbohydrates	70-82	zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 3	Oryctolagus cuniculus	122-125
1518006-6	1992	Anti-ZP3 titres developed in all treatment groups and correlated with carbohydrate content (peak per cent [125I]-labelled ZP3 binding by radioimmunoassay: SIZP 71.9 +/- 1.2, ZP3 70.0 +/- 2.5, ZP3 alpha-EBGD 60.9 +/- 5.3, ZP3 beta-EBGD 56.4 +/- 5.0, ZP3 alpha-DG 56.4 +/- 4.0, ZP3 beta-DG 53.5 +/- 4.3) (means +/- SEM).	Carbohydrates	70-82	zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 3	Oryctolagus cuniculus	122-125
1518006-6	1992	Anti-ZP3 titres developed in all treatment groups and correlated with carbohydrate content (peak per cent [125I]-labelled ZP3 binding by radioimmunoassay: SIZP 71.9 +/- 1.2, ZP3 70.0 +/- 2.5, ZP3 alpha-EBGD 60.9 +/- 5.3, ZP3 beta-EBGD 56.4 +/- 5.0, ZP3 alpha-DG 56.4 +/- 4.0, ZP3 beta-DG 53.5 +/- 4.3) (means +/- SEM).	Carbohydrates	70-82	zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 3	Oryctolagus cuniculus	122-125
1518006-6	1992	Anti-ZP3 titres developed in all treatment groups and correlated with carbohydrate content (peak per cent [125I]-labelled ZP3 binding by radioimmunoassay: SIZP 71.9 +/- 1.2, ZP3 70.0 +/- 2.5, ZP3 alpha-EBGD 60.9 +/- 5.3, ZP3 beta-EBGD 56.4 +/- 5.0, ZP3 alpha-DG 56.4 +/- 4.0, ZP3 beta-DG 53.5 +/- 4.3) (means +/- SEM).	Carbohydrates	70-82	zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 3	Oryctolagus cuniculus	122-125
1518006-6	1992	Anti-ZP3 titres developed in all treatment groups and correlated with carbohydrate content (peak per cent [125I]-labelled ZP3 binding by radioimmunoassay: SIZP 71.9 +/- 1.2, ZP3 70.0 +/- 2.5, ZP3 alpha-EBGD 60.9 +/- 5.3, ZP3 beta-EBGD 56.4 +/- 5.0, ZP3 alpha-DG 56.4 +/- 4.0, ZP3 beta-DG 53.5 +/- 4.3) (means +/- SEM).	Carbohydrates	70-82	zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 3	Oryctolagus cuniculus	122-125
1605174-3	1992	The clinical use of the new test of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin has been particularly emphasized.	Carbohydrates	36-48	transferrin	Homo sapiens	59-70
1421109-1	1992	Neuropeptide Y (NPY) preferentially stimulates carbohydrate intake rather than fat intake but there is no information on the effects of food choice on the concentration of NPY in the brain.	Carbohydrates	47-59	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	0-14
1421109-1	1992	Neuropeptide Y (NPY) preferentially stimulates carbohydrate intake rather than fat intake but there is no information on the effects of food choice on the concentration of NPY in the brain.	Carbohydrates	47-59	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	16-19
1421109-2	1992	We measured brain NPY concentrations in male adult rats that had to choose between a high fat and a high carbohydrate diet or were fed a control diet for 2 weeks.	Carbohydrates	105-117	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	18-21
1421109-4	1992	NPY levels increased in the parvocellular part (PVNp) of the PVN and decreased in the lateral hypothalamus and were significantly correlated with the carbohydrate-to-fat energy ratio but not with total energy intake.	Carbohydrates	150-162	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
1377647-0	1992	Characterization of carbohydrates in the alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor.	Carbohydrates	20-33	LDL receptor related protein 1	Homo sapiens	41-71
1377647-2	1992	Carbohydrates, largely N-linked, contributed to about 18% of the size of the receptor alpha-chain and to about 25% of the beta-chain.	Carbohydrates	0-13	Fc gamma receptor and transporter	Homo sapiens	86-97
1605174-4	1992	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin currently provides the highest specificity and sensitivity of all commonly used markers of alcoholism.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
1601036-7	1992	The correlation with IgE could be demonstrated for different preparations of adult worms, including a periodate-treated preparation presumptively depleted of carbohydrate epitopes.	Carbohydrates	158-170	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	21-24
1587393-6	1992	Furthermore, intraperitoneal insulin results in carbohydrate and particularly lipid metabolism that more closely mimics the normal physiological state than produced by injections of insulin.	Carbohydrates	48-60	insulin	Homo sapiens	29-36
1587821-1	1992	The soluble dimeric beta-galactoside-binding lectin (subunit molecular mass, approximately 14 kDa) of bovine heart muscle, in common with the 14-kDa lectins of several other animal species, displays carbohydrate-binding activity when it is in the reduced state, but the purified lectin loses this activity upon oxidation.	Carbohydrates	199-211	galactoside-binding soluble lectin 13	Bos taurus	20-51
1500417-3	1992	LGP85 contains about 22.8% carbohydrate and the carbohydrate moiety is composed of mannose, galactose, fucose, glucosamine, galactosamine, and neuraminic acid, in a molar ratio of 40:20:2:23:3:13.	Carbohydrates	27-39	scavenger receptor class B, member 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
1500417-3	1992	LGP85 contains about 22.8% carbohydrate and the carbohydrate moiety is composed of mannose, galactose, fucose, glucosamine, galactosamine, and neuraminic acid, in a molar ratio of 40:20:2:23:3:13.	Carbohydrates	48-60	scavenger receptor class B, member 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
1299487-3	1992	Thus, insulin"s effects on carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism are dependent upon the maintenance of adequate chromium stores.	Carbohydrates	27-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	6-13
1616876-0	1992	Comparison of the carbohydrate composition of rat and human corticosteroid-binding globulin: species specific glycosylation.	Carbohydrates	18-30	serpin family A member 6	Homo sapiens	60-91
1616876-2	1992	Rat CBG contained a carbohydrate composition that was strikingly different from that of human CBG.	Carbohydrates	20-32	serpin family A member 6	Homo sapiens	4-7
1616876-3	1992	Like other glycoproteins that circulate in human plasma, human CBG had a carbohydrate composition that was consistent with the presence of biantennary and triantennary oligosaccharide structures.	Carbohydrates	73-85	serpin family A member 6	Homo sapiens	63-66
1642021-4	1992	Endogenous and recombinant erythropoietin are similar with respect to their biological and chemical properties (M(r) 30,400 Da, protein content 60%, 165 amino acids, 4 carbohydrate side chains).	Carbohydrates	168-180	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	27-41
1587859-2	1992	The carbohydrate-recognition domain of rat serum mannose-binding protein A has been subjected to random cassette mutagenesis.	Carbohydrates	4-16	mannose binding lectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-74
1599413-4	1992	Recent studies in our laboratory demonstrated that Pg2, with one carbohydrate chain, binds to the surface of U937 monocytoid cells considerably better than Pg1, with two carbohydrate chains, indicating a major role for the carbohydrate chains as determinants for differential binding to the cell surface [Gonzalez-Gronow, Grenett, Fuller &amp; Pizzo (1990) Biochim.	Carbohydrates	65-77	delta like non-canonical Notch ligand 1	Homo sapiens	51-54
1318018-7	1992	Investigation of the carbohydrate moieties of the proteins using glycosidases and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed pI values ranging from 4.6 to 4.9 and from 4.5 to 4.7 for HB1 and HB2 respectively, which after treatment with neuraminidase shifted towards basic pH (5.4-5.7 and 5.3-5.5 respectively).	Carbohydrates	21-33	histocompatibility minor HB-1	Homo sapiens	185-188
1599413-4	1992	Recent studies in our laboratory demonstrated that Pg2, with one carbohydrate chain, binds to the surface of U937 monocytoid cells considerably better than Pg1, with two carbohydrate chains, indicating a major role for the carbohydrate chains as determinants for differential binding to the cell surface [Gonzalez-Gronow, Grenett, Fuller &amp; Pizzo (1990) Biochim.	Carbohydrates	170-182	delta like non-canonical Notch ligand 1	Homo sapiens	51-54
1599413-4	1992	Recent studies in our laboratory demonstrated that Pg2, with one carbohydrate chain, binds to the surface of U937 monocytoid cells considerably better than Pg1, with two carbohydrate chains, indicating a major role for the carbohydrate chains as determinants for differential binding to the cell surface [Gonzalez-Gronow, Grenett, Fuller &amp; Pizzo (1990) Biochim.	Carbohydrates	170-182	delta like non-canonical Notch ligand 1	Homo sapiens	51-54
1373688-3	1992	This immunotoxin (anti-CD33-bR), shown previously to kill both clonogenic myelogenous leukemia cells and normal mature myeloid progenitor cells (granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units, CFU-GM), consists of an anti-CD33 monoclonal antibody conjugated to purified ricin that has been modified by blocking the carbohydrate binding domains of the ricin B-chain to eliminate nonspecific binding.	Carbohydrates	312-324	CD33 molecule	Homo sapiens	23-27
1596516-2	1992	Carbohydrate insulin secretagogues must be metabolized to induce eicosanoid release.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	13-20
1596516-7	1992	The carbohydrate insulin secretagogues mannose and D-glyceraldehyde have also been found to induce islet PGE2 release, but the non-secretagogue carbohydrates L-glucose and lactate do not.	Carbohydrates	4-16	insulin	Homo sapiens	17-24
1349244-7	1992	Many of these cases also expressed the lineage-specific carbohydrate, LNF III (CD15), which may mediate platelet adhesion to mature monocytes and neutrophils.	Carbohydrates	56-68	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	79-83
1533159-0	1992	Recombinant human complement subcomponent C1s lacking beta-hydroxyasparagine, sialic acid, and one of its two carbohydrate chains still reassembles with C1q and C1r to form a functional C1 complex.	Carbohydrates	110-122	complement C1s	Homo sapiens	42-45
1533159-4	1992	Site-directed mutagenesis of one of the two sites of carbohydrate attachment (Asn 159 to Gln 159) yields a faster migrating recombinant C1s still abundantly secreted.	Carbohydrates	53-65	complement C1s	Homo sapiens	136-139
1588781-2	1992	The model attempts to reflect the underlying (patho)physiology of insulin action and carbohydrate absorption in quantitative terms such as insulin sensitivity, volume of glucose and insulin distribution and maximal rate of gastric emptying.	Carbohydrates	85-97	insulin	Homo sapiens	139-146
1568757-8	1992	There is increasing evidence that insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia may play a key role in the pathogenesis of hypertension in both subtle and overt abnormalities of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	168-180	insulin	Homo sapiens	34-41
1601794-9	1992	The results suggest that postexercise muscle glycogen storage can be enhanced with a carbohydrate-protein supplement as a result of the interaction of carbohydrate and protein on insulin secretion.	Carbohydrates	85-97	insulin	Homo sapiens	179-186
1588781-2	1992	The model attempts to reflect the underlying (patho)physiology of insulin action and carbohydrate absorption in quantitative terms such as insulin sensitivity, volume of glucose and insulin distribution and maximal rate of gastric emptying.	Carbohydrates	85-97	insulin	Homo sapiens	139-146
1601794-9	1992	The results suggest that postexercise muscle glycogen storage can be enhanced with a carbohydrate-protein supplement as a result of the interaction of carbohydrate and protein on insulin secretion.	Carbohydrates	151-163	insulin	Homo sapiens	179-186
1376758-9	1992	It was concluded that the Lewisx and sialosyl-Lewisx antigens are nonpolymorphic carbohydrate determinants that are present in secretory granules of acinar cells, ductules, and pancreatic secretions.	Carbohydrates	81-93	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	26-32
1348055-2	1992	Since this antiserum recognizes Lewis(x) (Le(x)) structure, Gal beta 1-4(Fuc alpha 1-3)GlcNAc-, which is a typical tumor-associated and differentiation-related saccharide chain, the lens glycolipid was predicted to be a Lex antigen.	Carbohydrates	160-170	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	32-40
1516764-8	1992	The data indicate that the amino acid-mediated suppression of glucose utilization and carbohydrate oxidation is exerted on the responsive component of insulin action.	Carbohydrates	86-98	insulin	Homo sapiens	151-158
1628603-0	1992	Carbohydrate analysis of transferrin subfractions isolated by preparative isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH gradients.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	25-36
1598669-1	1992	BACKGROUND: Human growth hormone (hGH) is a potent anabolic agent, which has profound effects on protein, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	106-118	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	18-32
1376758-9	1992	It was concluded that the Lewisx and sialosyl-Lewisx antigens are nonpolymorphic carbohydrate determinants that are present in secretory granules of acinar cells, ductules, and pancreatic secretions.	Carbohydrates	81-93	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	46-52
1553183-8	1992	In the pregnant subjects, even though the plasma insulin response to carbohydrate challenge was higher than in the nonpregnant subjects, gastric inhibitory polypeptide levels were significantly lower.	Carbohydrates	69-81	insulin	Homo sapiens	49-56
1619503-10	1992	SUMMARY: Potassium metabolism is an important link between carbohydrate metabolism and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system by way of a double-feedback mechanism.	Carbohydrates	59-71	renin	Homo sapiens	91-96
1548461-1	1992	Acetylcholinesterases (EC 3.1.1.7, AChE) have varying amounts of carbohydrates attached to the core protein.	Carbohydrates	65-78	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	35-39
1550595-0	1992	In vitro apolipoprotein B mRNA editing activity can be modulated by fasting and refeeding rats with a high carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	107-119	apolipoprotein B	Rattus norvegicus	9-25
1614747-2	1992	Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA 19-9 detect sialosylated carbohydrates in mucus.	Carbohydrates	63-76	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	26-29
1590742-8	1992	In animal experiments, an increased intake of (saturated) fat and refined carbohydrates increased insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	74-87	insulin	Homo sapiens	98-105
1547187-7	1992	Thus, a carbohydrate load resulted in secretion of normal numbers of triacylglycerol-enriched apo B particles by this hepatocyte cell line, whereas a fatty acid load led to the secretion of increased numbers of apo B particles, which were essentially normal in composition.	Carbohydrates	8-20	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	94-99
1377469-0	1992	Mammalian fetuin-binding proteins sarcolectin, aprotinin and calcyclin display differences in their apparent carbohydrate specificity.	Carbohydrates	109-121	keratin 7	Homo sapiens	34-45
1576923-0	1992	The effect of intraperitoneal insulin delivery on carbohydrate metabolism in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients.	Carbohydrates	50-62	insulin	Homo sapiens	30-37
1371154-6	1992	Here we report that the carbohydrate analysis of L2/HNK-1-reactive P0 showed the presence of anionic structures containing sialic acid and sulphate in various combinations.	Carbohydrates	24-36	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	52-57
1733972-2	1992	Analysis of haptoglobin after 150 min of azide incubation shows that its carbohydrates have been processed by Golgi enzymes (Persson, R., Ahlstrom, E., and Fries, E. (1988) J.	Carbohydrates	73-86	haptoglobin	Rattus norvegicus	12-23
1576919-1	1992	To investigate the mechanism of oral carbohydrate-stimulated secretion of the two most potent incretin candidates, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and truncated glucagon-like peptide-1 (tGLP-1), we studied the changes in the plasma levels of these peptides in five healthy men after sucrose ingestion with or without pretreatment with an alpha-D-glucosidase inhibitor (AO-128).	Carbohydrates	37-49	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	147-150
1576919-1	1992	To investigate the mechanism of oral carbohydrate-stimulated secretion of the two most potent incretin candidates, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and truncated glucagon-like peptide-1 (tGLP-1), we studied the changes in the plasma levels of these peptides in five healthy men after sucrose ingestion with or without pretreatment with an alpha-D-glucosidase inhibitor (AO-128).	Carbohydrates	37-49	glucagon	Homo sapiens	166-189
1558654-1	1992	If the dose of insulin and adequate carbohydrate intake is ensured, most diabetic mothers taking insulin will be able to breastfeed satisfactorily.	Carbohydrates	36-48	insulin	Homo sapiens	97-104
1542684-3	1992	Located in the cytosol, nitrate reductase obtains its reductant not from photosynthesis but from carbohydrate catabolism.	Carbohydrates	97-109	nitrate reductase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	24-41
1737785-8	1992	In contrast, while the expression of S14 and several other thyroid hormone-dependent hepatic mRNAs is stimulated by feeding a high carbohydrate, fat-free diet, hepatic P450 reductase expression was not increased by this lipogenic diet.	Carbohydrates	131-143	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	37-40
1348402-1	1992	Regular high consumption of alcohol in selected populations have, with high precision, been identified by two new alcohol markers; carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase.	Carbohydrates	131-143	transferrin	Homo sapiens	154-165
1377469-0	1992	Mammalian fetuin-binding proteins sarcolectin, aprotinin and calcyclin display differences in their apparent carbohydrate specificity.	Carbohydrates	109-121	S100 calcium binding protein A6	Homo sapiens	61-70
1550988-2	1992	Rat CRP is a glycosylated serum protein containing a complex-type biantennary carbohydrate structure on each of its five subunits.	Carbohydrates	78-90	C-reactive protein	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
1531195-3	1992	The stimulation of carbohydrate flux through phosphofructokinase by conditioned medium was not duplicated by peptide cytokines known to be released by lipopolysaccharide-activated liver non-parenchymal cells (interleukin-1, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and transforming growth factor-beta) or platelet activating factor.	Carbohydrates	19-31	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	224-266
1347533-3	1992	Moreover, carbohydrate raises blood glucose levels and insulin requirements.	Carbohydrates	10-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	55-62
1530952-6	1992	Fifty four percent of the variation in carbohydrate oxidation rates was accounted for by 24-h energy balance, and by plasma concentrations of insulin, nonesterified fatty acids, and estradiol.	Carbohydrates	39-51	insulin	Homo sapiens	142-149
1530952-10	1992	A positive energy balance and increased insulin action may be mediators of the higher carbohydrate oxidation in obesity, whereas an increased substrate availability seems to bring about the increased lipid oxidation.	Carbohydrates	86-98	insulin	Homo sapiens	40-47
1443784-1	1992	Chronical alcohol ingestion may induce conformational molecular modifications of plasma transferrin: alcohol modifies the content of its carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	137-150	transferrin	Homo sapiens	88-99
1739742-4	1992	The carbohydrate moieties of these arthropod GSL are all derived from one unique neutral sugar core sequence, the arthro-series.	Carbohydrates	4-16	cathepsin A	Homo sapiens	45-48
1739742-7	1992	A large repertoire of structural variations of the arthro-series GSL is created by two types of derivatisations of the neutral carbohydrate core: addition of a zwitterionic 2-aminoethylphosphate group in phosphodiester linkage to the 6-position of the III-N-acetylglucosamine of the arthrotriaosylceramide core and/or substitution of a terminal galactose in 3-position by a glucuronic acid residue.	Carbohydrates	127-139	cathepsin A	Homo sapiens	65-68
1739742-10	1992	GSL of various larval organs are distinguished by the length of their neutral core carbohydrate chain, as well as, the degree of PEtn- and GlcA-substitutions.	Carbohydrates	83-95	cathepsin A	Homo sapiens	0-3
1730878-1	1992	IgE-binding protein (epsilon BP) is a galactoside-specific lectin containing an S-type carbohydrate-recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	87-99	galectin 3	Rattus norvegicus	0-19
1730878-1	1992	IgE-binding protein (epsilon BP) is a galactoside-specific lectin containing an S-type carbohydrate-recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	87-99	galectin 3	Rattus norvegicus	21-31
1370485-8	1992	Bio-Gel P6 chromatography shows that A23187 causes a dramatic decrease of the complex carbohydrate chains of the secreted thyroglobulin.	Carbohydrates	86-98	thyroglobulin	Rattus norvegicus	122-135
1443784-2	1992	The abnormal transferrin contains reduced amounts of carbohydrates, especially sialic acid, constituting its terminal trisaccharides biantennary chains.	Carbohydrates	53-66	transferrin	Homo sapiens	13-24
1443784-4	1992	In English speaking countries, it is called carbohydrate deficient transferrin or CDT.	Carbohydrates	44-56	transferrin	Homo sapiens	67-78
1642554-5	1992	From these data we conclude that HIV1-LAV gp120 and HIV1-NDK gp100 differ both in their proteic moiety (60 kDa and 55 kDa, respectively) and in their carbohydrate moiety (60 kDa and 45 kDa, respectively).	Carbohydrates	150-162	premelanosome protein	Homo sapiens	61-66
1299347-10	1992	Thus, lpr cells seem to carry more alpha 1-6 fucosylated chains and larger size carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	80-93	Fas (TNF receptor superfamily member 6)	Mus musculus	6-9
1467432-1	1992	Although changes in surface carbohydrate expression of abnormally expanded MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) lymph node (LN) cells have previously been described, the composition and function of glycolipids present on these cells as well as the spectrum of specificity of anti-carbohydrate antibodies reactive with these cells remains obscure.	Carbohydrates	28-40	Fas (TNF receptor superfamily member 6)	Mus musculus	75-89
1467432-1	1992	Although changes in surface carbohydrate expression of abnormally expanded MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) lymph node (LN) cells have previously been described, the composition and function of glycolipids present on these cells as well as the spectrum of specificity of anti-carbohydrate antibodies reactive with these cells remains obscure.	Carbohydrates	28-40	Fas (TNF receptor superfamily member 6)	Mus musculus	82-85
1590525-2	1992	Due to the clinical similarities to a recently recognized disorder associated with carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, we examined serum transferrin by means of isoelectric focusing, and found increases in disialo transferrin and asialotransferrin.	Carbohydrates	83-95	transferrin	Homo sapiens	106-117
1599609-2	1992	Insulin is primarily involved in regulating carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism.	Carbohydrates	44-56	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
1590525-2	1992	Due to the clinical similarities to a recently recognized disorder associated with carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, we examined serum transferrin by means of isoelectric focusing, and found increases in disialo transferrin and asialotransferrin.	Carbohydrates	83-95	transferrin	Homo sapiens	137-148
1590525-2	1992	Due to the clinical similarities to a recently recognized disorder associated with carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, we examined serum transferrin by means of isoelectric focusing, and found increases in disialo transferrin and asialotransferrin.	Carbohydrates	83-95	transferrin	Homo sapiens	137-148
1590525-4	1992	Similarly, carbohydrate-deficient fractions of serum alpha 1-antitrypsin were also detected.	Carbohydrates	11-23	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	53-72
1284853-0	1992	Carbohydrate moieties of myelin-associated glycoprotein, major glycoprotein of the peripheral nervous system myelin and other myelin glycoproteins potentially involved in cell adhesion.	Carbohydrates	0-12	myelin-associated glycoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	25-55
1284853-8	1992	These results confirm that P0 and MAG are heterogeneous in their carbohydrate moieties.	Carbohydrates	65-77	myelin-associated glycoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
1592182-1	1992	Deacetylvinblastine (DAVLB) hydrazide, a cytotoxic vinca alkaloid, has been linked to the monoclonal antibody, KS1/4, via aldehyde residues of the oxidized carbohydrate groups on the antibody.	Carbohydrates	156-168	epithelial cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	111-116
1551309-0	1992	Influence of non-carbohydrate foods on glucose and insulin responses to carbohydrates of different glycaemic index in type 2 diabetic patients.	Carbohydrates	72-85	insulin	Homo sapiens	51-58
1551309-11	1992	They also support the insulin secretagogue effect of non-carbohydrate foods, which may vary according to the source of carbohydrate in the meal.	Carbohydrates	57-69	insulin	Homo sapiens	22-29
1551309-11	1992	They also support the insulin secretagogue effect of non-carbohydrate foods, which may vary according to the source of carbohydrate in the meal.	Carbohydrates	119-131	insulin	Homo sapiens	22-29
1563548-3	1992	Dietary carbohydrates or fatty acids regulate the expression of apo E gene, by altering either gene transcription or mRNA stability.	Carbohydrates	8-21	apolipoprotein E	Rattus norvegicus	64-69
1563554-7	1992	Oxygen and insulin/glucagon gradients could have a prominent role in the induction of zonation of carbohydrate- and cell-to-biomatrix interactions in that of ammonia-metabolizing enzymes.	Carbohydrates	98-110	insulin	Homo sapiens	11-18
1379443-8	1992	Carbohydrate constitutes about 20% of the molecular mass of CD59.	Carbohydrates	0-12	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	60-64
1727727-2	1992	The present study describes PLD activation in the presence of a carbohydrate insulin secretagogue.	Carbohydrates	64-76	glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1	Homo sapiens	28-31
1340486-3	1992	Considerable attention was given to the microheterogeneity of the transferrin molecule--the polymorphism, differences of the binding site for iron and possible donation of iron to the cell, number of carbohydrate antennae, degree of sialyzation--in connection to the possible link between microheterogeneity and physiological and pathophysiological status of the organism.	Carbohydrates	200-212	transferrin	Homo sapiens	66-77
1490682-0	1992	Timing between the subcutaneous administration of insulin and consumption of a carbohydrate rich meal.	Carbohydrates	79-91	insulin	Homo sapiens	50-57
1591399-5	1992	The molecular ions for human transferrin were too broad compared with the theoretical shape to determine the molecular mass accurately, probably due to the heterogeneity of the carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	177-189	transferrin	Homo sapiens	29-40
1537589-4	1992	The capacity of the exoantigens to stimulate macrophages to secrete TNF does not require the presence of protein or carbohydrate, but is associated with a lipid whose activity can be abolished by treatment with phospholipase C. Treatments of the exoantigens which destroyed their activity in vitro also abrogated their immunogenicity and their toxicity for mice.	Carbohydrates	116-128	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	68-71
1608743-4	1992	In addition, other new biochemical markers have been introduced, and results so far obtained with CDT (carbohydrate deficient transferrin) in the detection of alcoholics have been promising.	Carbohydrates	103-115	transferrin	Homo sapiens	126-137
12297629-1	1992	The two genes encoding sucrose synthase in maize (Sh1 and Sus1) show markedly different responses to changes in tissue carbohydrate status.	Carbohydrates	119-131	sucrose synthase 2	Zea mays	58-62
1284141-3	1992	Based on the evidence from both experimental and clinical studies, regular exercise, moderate weight reduction, and a low-fat, high-carbohydrate, high-fiber diet can markedly improve insulin sensitivity.	Carbohydrates	132-144	insulin	Homo sapiens	183-190
1365060-1	1992	The study reviews current knowledge about metabolic X syndrome characterized by android obesity, arterial hypertension, insulin resistance with hyperinsulinemia and disturbed carbohydrate tolerance, a decrease of HDL cholesterol and an increase of the triglyceride rich VLDL particle level.	Carbohydrates	175-187	insulin	Homo sapiens	120-127
1789374-4	1991	The findings suggest that the insulin response of alcoholics following ingestion of a carbohydrate-containing beverage is enhanced by the anticipation of ethanol.	Carbohydrates	86-98	insulin	Homo sapiens	30-37
1744097-0	1991	The effect of carbohydrate on the structure and stability of erythropoietin.	Carbohydrates	14-26	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	61-75
1744097-8	1991	The E. coli-expressed molecule unfolded and precipitated upon heating to 44 degrees C, while the asialo and intact mammalian-expressed proteins remained soluble, with a Tm of 56 degrees C. From these experiments, the carbohydrate appears to play a critical role in stabilizing the erythropoietin molecule to denaturing conditions, and this increased stability does not depend on the presence of sialic acid.	Carbohydrates	217-229	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	281-295
1725862-4	1991	The HNK-1 antibody, which recognizes a carbohydrate epitope, inhibited neural crest cell attachment to laminin at low coating concentrations (greater than 1 microgram ml-1; Low-LM), but not at high coating concentration of laminin (10 micrograms ml-1; High-LM).	Carbohydrates	39-51	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	4-9
1764777-0	1991	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in serum: a new marker of potentially harmful alcohol consumption reviewed.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
1764777-2	1991	This marker, now called carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, consists mainly of one or two isoforms of transferrin that are deficient in their terminal trisaccharides.	Carbohydrates	24-36	transferrin	Homo sapiens	47-58
1764777-2	1991	This marker, now called carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, consists mainly of one or two isoforms of transferrin that are deficient in their terminal trisaccharides.	Carbohydrates	24-36	transferrin	Homo sapiens	102-113
1764777-8	1991	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin may thus offer a new possibility of diagnosing alcohol-related disorders.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
1725862-4	1991	The HNK-1 antibody, which recognizes a carbohydrate epitope, inhibited neural crest cell attachment to laminin at low coating concentrations (greater than 1 microgram ml-1; Low-LM), but not at high coating concentration of laminin (10 micrograms ml-1; High-LM).	Carbohydrates	39-51	laminin, beta 2 (laminin S)	Gallus gallus	103-110
1778355-6	1991	These observations suggest that C-peptide may contribute to the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in human skeletal muscle.	Carbohydrates	78-90	insulin	Homo sapiens	32-41
1663443-3	1991	It has been shown repeatedly that a high-carbohydrate diet increases plasma insulin and triglyceride levels and can deteriorate blood glucose control in the postprandial period.	Carbohydrates	41-53	insulin	Homo sapiens	76-83
1783373-3	1991	Structure to function analysis identified an unduplicated, invariant N-terminal domain involved in HK1 outer mitochondrial membrane targeting, as well as putative carbohydrate and nucleotide-binding sites in the regulatory and catalytic halves of HK1 essential to enzyme function.	Carbohydrates	163-175	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	247-250
1722809-4	1991	Thus, we obtained carbohydrate contents of 38, 28, 8 and 7% for Chinese hamster ovary cell-expressed erythropoietin (EPO), stem cell factor (SCF), granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), respectively.	Carbohydrates	18-30	granulocyte colony-stimulating factor	Cricetulus griseus	147-184
1822241-2	1991	The extent of the functional carbohydrate-recognition domains in two rat C-type lectins, mannose-binding protein A and the major subunit of the asialoglycoprotein receptor (rat hepatic lectin 1), has been defined by expressing truncated fragments of the proteins in an in vitro transcription and translation system.	Carbohydrates	29-41	mannose binding lectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	89-114
1682363-0	1991	Some monoclonal antibody reagents (C219 and JSB-1) to P-glycoprotein contain antibodies to blood group A carbohydrate determinants: a problem of quality control for immunohistochemical analysis.	Carbohydrates	105-117	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	54-68
1945219-5	1991	The ACOG GTT criteria may fail to detect a proportion of women with gestational diabetes whose carbohydrate metabolism abnormality is severe enough to require insulin therapy.	Carbohydrates	95-107	insulin	Homo sapiens	159-166
1939118-2	1991	A fragment corresponding to the COOH-terminal 115 residues of native MBP-A, produced by subtilisin digestion of the bacterially expressed protein, contains the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD).	Carbohydrates	160-172	mannose binding lectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	69-74
1657953-9	1991	The mutation impairs several steps in the post-translational processing of the insulin receptor:dimerization of 190-kDa proreceptors into a disulfide linked species, proteolytic cleavage of the proreceptor into alpha- and beta-subunits, and terminal processing of the high mannose form of N-linked oligosaccharide into complex carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	327-339	insulin	Homo sapiens	79-86
1934376-4	1991	Carbohydrate intake was negatively correlated with body mass index (r = -0.21), waist-to-hip ratio (r = -0.21), and fasting insulin (r = -0.16).	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	124-131
1670520-0	1991	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in the ethanol-consuming rat model.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Rattus norvegicus	23-34
1670520-1	1991	Regular ethanol consumption leads to the appearance of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in the plasma of human subjects.	Carbohydrates	55-67	transferrin	Homo sapiens	78-89
1951684-4	1991	The increase in carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation (which is proportional to glycolysis) during the clamp after the 10-h fast (to 13.8 +/- 1.5 mumol.kg fat free mass-1.min-1) was completely abolished during the clamp after the 72-h fast (1.7 +/- 0.6; P less than or equal to 0.001).	Carbohydrates	16-28	adhesion G protein-coupled receptor V1	Homo sapiens	155-161
1951684-4	1991	The increase in carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation (which is proportional to glycolysis) during the clamp after the 10-h fast (to 13.8 +/- 1.5 mumol.kg fat free mass-1.min-1) was completely abolished during the clamp after the 72-h fast (1.7 +/- 0.6; P less than or equal to 0.001).	Carbohydrates	16-28	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	162-167
1683194-0	1991	Clinical significance of serum levels of a carbohydrate antigen, sialyl SSEA-1, in patients with fibrosing lung disease.	Carbohydrates	43-55	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	72-78
1683194-1	1991	Serum levels of sialyl SSEA-1 antigen, a carbohydrate antigen, were measured by radioimmunoassay in 142 patients with nonmalignant lung diseases.	Carbohydrates	41-53	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	23-29
1757506-0	1991	CASPER: a computer program used for structural analysis of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	59-72	CASP8 and FADD like apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	0-6
1685991-4	1991	The normal switch on feeding from fat to carbohydrate as principal energy source was reproduced at insulin levels of only 17%-33% of control values, which were inadequate to prevent hyperglycaemia.	Carbohydrates	41-53	insulin	Homo sapiens	99-106
1685991-8	1991	Thus insulin appears to be necessary for the normal switch to carbohydrate oxidation on feeding but not for postprandial changes in protein metabolism.	Carbohydrates	62-74	insulin	Homo sapiens	5-12
1717490-10	1991	Thus, while the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope is strongly coupled to PI-GP150, its expression can be regulated independently of that of PI-GP150.	Carbohydrates	22-34	integrin subunit beta 4	Rattus norvegicus	69-74
1770303-1	1991	High carbohydrate, low fat diets decrease plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and apolipoprotein B (apoB) mass in normal subjects and in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH).	Carbohydrates	5-17	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	97-113
1919004-2	1991	The previous discovery of an animal lectin, IgE-binding protein (epsilon BP), affords an opportunity to study potential carbohydrate-dependent effector functions of IgE.	Carbohydrates	120-132	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	44-47
1770303-1	1991	High carbohydrate, low fat diets decrease plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and apolipoprotein B (apoB) mass in normal subjects and in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH).	Carbohydrates	5-17	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	115-119
1766060-7	1991	Increased gluconeogenesis and insulin resistance are responsible for the two main abnormalities in carbohydrate metabolism in cancer patients, namely increased glucose turnover and impaired glucose tissue disposal.	Carbohydrates	99-111	insulin	Homo sapiens	30-37
1755514-0	1991	Isoelectric focusing/western blotting: a novel and practical method for quantitation of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in alcoholics.	Carbohydrates	88-100	transferrin	Homo sapiens	111-122
1667688-3	1991	The results demonstrate that: 1) NPY(1-36) potentiates feeding behavior, primarily carbohydrate ingestion, by increasing the size and duration of the first meal after injection, rather than by affecting meal number of feeding rate, suggesting that NPY acts through mechanisms of satiety.	Carbohydrates	83-95	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
1667688-6	1991	2) NPY(2-36), with the N-terminal tyrosine residue deleted, is equally potent to NPY(1-36) in potentiating carbohydrate intake and increasing meal size; however, it is less selective than NPY(1-36), producing an additional, smaller increase in consumption of protein.	Carbohydrates	107-119	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	3-6
1667688-7	1991	3) The stimulatory effect of these peptides on carbohydrate intake and meal size is similarly observed, with somewhat reduced potency, after PVN injection of the selective Y1 agonist [Leu31,Pro34]NPY which, like NPY(1-36), also reduces protein intake.	Carbohydrates	47-59	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	196-199
1667688-8	1991	4) The Y2 receptor agonist, NPY(13-36), causes a decrease in the ingestion of carbohydrate, a smaller decline in protein intake, and a reduction in meal size.	Carbohydrates	78-90	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
1667688-9	1991	It is proposed that hypothalamic Y1 receptors mediate the stimulatory effect of NPY on carbohydrate intake and meal size, while Y2 receptors have the opposite effect of suppressing carbohydrate intake, possibly by altering presynaptic release of monoamines known to influence nutrient ingestion.	Carbohydrates	87-99	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	80-83
1682310-2	1991	To structurally identify the carbohydrate components of SRIF receptors, solubilized rat brain SRIF receptors were subjected to lectin affinity chromatography.	Carbohydrates	29-41	somatostatin	Mus musculus	56-60
1755514-1	1991	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) has been described as the single, most accurate marker of chronic alcohol consumption.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
1797705-1	1991	The N-terminal heptadecapeptide of human angiotensinogen (Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe-His-Leu-Val-Ile-His-Asn-Glu-Ser-Thr-NH2 ), with the C-terminal carboxyl group amidated, was synthesized in order to study the role of Asn-Glu-Ser, a putative carbohydrate binding site, on the hydrolysis by human renin.	Carbohydrates	248-260	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	41-56
1832641-7	1991	Digestion of high-mannose carbohydrate chains with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H revealed two alternative processed forms of gp75 that differed in the number or composition of complex-type carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	26-38	tyrosinase related protein 1	Homo sapiens	131-135
1752724-7	1991	Fasting concentrations of carbohydrate intermediaries were, however, better correlated with fasting plasma insulin: lactate (r = 0.29; P less than 0.01), pyruvate (r = 0.24; P less than 0.01) and alanine (r = 0.36; P less than 0.001).	Carbohydrates	26-38	insulin	Homo sapiens	107-114
1752729-9	1991	In partial correlation analyses, indices of carbohydrate metabolism and the waist-to-hip circumference ratio (WHR) remained significantly correlated with plasma VLDL-TG and LDL-apo B levels after adjustment of VLDL-TG and LDL-apo B for either insulin and glucose levels, or for the WHR (P less than 0.08).	Carbohydrates	44-56	insulin	Homo sapiens	243-250
1833982-0	1991	Basal and insulin-mediated carbohydrate metabolism in human muscle deficient in phosphofructokinase 1.	Carbohydrates	27-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	10-17
1797705-4	1991	Human renin liberates angiotensin I from h-angiotensinogen (1-17)-NH2 with a Km value of 3.4 x 10(-5) M, at pH 7.3 and 37 degrees being similar to h-angiotensinogen (1-13), an analog without the carbohydrate binding site.	Carbohydrates	195-207	renin	Homo sapiens	6-11
1771927-5	1991	Anti-insulin resistance diet is therefore a carbohydrate enriched, fat-reduced (lactovegetabile) nutrition with not too frequent meals (longer meal-free phases) and mainly reduced energy intake in overweight.	Carbohydrates	44-56	insulin	Homo sapiens	5-12
1793032-0	1991	Evidence for the involvement of carbohydrate moieties in the adhesion of U937 cells to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha)-stimulated vascular endothelium in vitro.	Carbohydrates	32-44	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	87-114
1917952-1	1991	We have developed a three-step cross-linking procedure that is specifically targeted at the carbohydrate on a protein and applied it to CD4 as a model system for studying the role of multivalent interactions in function.	Carbohydrates	92-104	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	136-139
1793032-0	1991	Evidence for the involvement of carbohydrate moieties in the adhesion of U937 cells to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha)-stimulated vascular endothelium in vitro.	Carbohydrates	32-44	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	116-124
1655342-2	1991	In this study, the carbohydrate structure of pure human renin was examined by using various lectins.	Carbohydrates	19-31	renin	Homo sapiens	56-61
1655342-11	1991	The staining pattern obtained with these lectins was significantly different among the three forms of human renin, confirming that they have different carbohydrate structures.	Carbohydrates	151-163	renin	Homo sapiens	108-113
1655342-15	1991	The carbohydrate structure of human renin appears to differ from that of rat renin.	Carbohydrates	4-16	renin	Homo sapiens	36-41
1959475-11	1991	However, when ingested with carbohydrate, it may have a considerable effect on the plasma glucose and/or insulin response to that carbohydrate, and the responses are different in nondiabetic and NIDDM subjects.	Carbohydrates	28-40	insulin	Homo sapiens	105-112
1959475-11	1991	However, when ingested with carbohydrate, it may have a considerable effect on the plasma glucose and/or insulin response to that carbohydrate, and the responses are different in nondiabetic and NIDDM subjects.	Carbohydrates	130-142	insulin	Homo sapiens	105-112
1885781-0	1991	Effects of fat on insulin-stimulated carbohydrate metabolism in normal men.	Carbohydrates	37-49	insulin	Homo sapiens	18-25
1820196-3	1991	Human EPO is characterized by its large carbohydrate chains, which occupy close to 40% of its total mass.	Carbohydrates	40-52	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	6-9
1885781-3	1991	Lipid increased insulin-inhibited fat oxidation (+40%) and decreased insulin-stimulated carbohydrate oxidation (-63%) within 1 h. These changes were associated with an increase (+489%) in the muscle acetyl-CoA/free CoA-SH ratio.	Carbohydrates	88-100	insulin	Homo sapiens	69-76
1753610-3	1991	In patients with Stage I heart failure, who had normal resting hemodynamic parameters, metabolic parameters were indicative of abnormalities in carbohydrate metabolism: there was a reduction in carbohydrate tolerance and red blood cell release of insulin in response to glucose load and an increase in blood immunoreactive insulin, erythrocytic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and greater adrenalin- and insulin-containing erythrocytes.	Carbohydrates	144-156	insulin	Homo sapiens	247-254
1895953-3	1991	Prolonged feeding of the carbohydrates for 14 days abolished the higher LPL activities, which were similar to control levels.	Carbohydrates	25-38	lipoprotein lipase	Rattus norvegicus	72-75
1681429-1	1991	Normal and malignant myeloids cells are known to express cell surface molecules having in common the carbohydrate antigen lacto-N-fucopentaose-III (LNF-III--termed CD15).	Carbohydrates	101-113	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	164-168
1872845-0	1991	Carbohydrate analysis of human von Willebrand factor with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated lectins.	Carbohydrates	0-12	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	31-52
1908097-4	1991	(ii) Endoglycosidase F, which enzymatically removes carbohydrate from some classes of glycoprotein, similarly increased the proportion of relatively basic forms when incubated with active human recombinant renin.	Carbohydrates	52-64	renin	Homo sapiens	206-211
1716875-0	1991	Carbohydrate-binding specificity of calcyclin and its expression in human tissues and leukemic cells.	Carbohydrates	0-12	S100 calcium binding protein A6	Homo sapiens	36-45
1831224-6	1991	The novel structure of CD24 suggests that signaling could be triggered by the binding of a lectin-like ligand to the carbohydrates projecting from the CD24 peptide, and transduced through the release of second messengers derived from the glycosyl phosphatidylinositol membrane anchor of CD24.	Carbohydrates	117-130	CD24 molecule	Homo sapiens	23-27
1831224-6	1991	The novel structure of CD24 suggests that signaling could be triggered by the binding of a lectin-like ligand to the carbohydrates projecting from the CD24 peptide, and transduced through the release of second messengers derived from the glycosyl phosphatidylinositol membrane anchor of CD24.	Carbohydrates	117-130	CD24 molecule	Homo sapiens	151-155
1831224-6	1991	The novel structure of CD24 suggests that signaling could be triggered by the binding of a lectin-like ligand to the carbohydrates projecting from the CD24 peptide, and transduced through the release of second messengers derived from the glycosyl phosphatidylinositol membrane anchor of CD24.	Carbohydrates	117-130	CD24 molecule	Homo sapiens	151-155
1872812-5	1991	Highly purified exoglycosidases with well-defined specificities were used to prepare five derivatives of galactoglycoprotein in which sequential residues of N-acetylneuraminic acid, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, a second galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine were removed with 83% of the total carbohydrate cleaved.	Carbohydrates	294-306	sialophorin	Homo sapiens	105-124
1952228-1	1991	The use of glucose-insulin mixture (0.5 g/(kg.h) glucose and 1 U/(kg.h) insulin) during preperfusion period in 26 cardiosurgical patients subject to cardiopulmonary bypass surgery prevented the disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism, reduced hemoglobin glycosylation, and normalized thromboxane-prostacyclin system functions, as compared to the data obtained in control groups.	Carbohydrates	210-222	insulin	Homo sapiens	19-26
1872812-0	1991	The effect of the carbohydrate moiety upon the size and conformation of human plasma galactoglycoprotein as judged by electron microscopy and circular dichroism.	Carbohydrates	18-30	sialophorin	Homo sapiens	85-104
1856221-15	1991	Owing to the small size of mutant LI lysozyme, minor changes in the size of its carbohydrate moiety result in detectable changes in the electrophoretic mobility of the whole glycoprotein.	Carbohydrates	80-92	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	37-45
1870425-6	1991	Carbohydrate metabolism was evaluated by the glucose and insulin responses (total glucose and insulin areas under the curve, insulin sensitivity index [ISI]) to a 75-g, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	94-101
1772904-0	1991	DNA-binding transferrin conjugates as functional gene-delivery agents: synthesis by linkage of polylysine or ethidium homodimer to the transferrin carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	147-159	transferrin	Homo sapiens	12-23
1772904-0	1991	DNA-binding transferrin conjugates as functional gene-delivery agents: synthesis by linkage of polylysine or ethidium homodimer to the transferrin carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	147-159	transferrin	Homo sapiens	135-146
1772904-2	1991	We describe here a more specific method for conjugation of transferrin with DNA-binding compounds involving attachment at the transferrin carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	138-150	transferrin	Homo sapiens	59-70
1772904-2	1991	We describe here a more specific method for conjugation of transferrin with DNA-binding compounds involving attachment at the transferrin carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	138-150	transferrin	Homo sapiens	126-137
1772904-7	1991	The gene delivery with the carbohydrate-linked transferrin-polylysine conjugates is equal or superior to described conjugates containing disulfide linkage.	Carbohydrates	27-39	transferrin	Homo sapiens	47-58
1895360-4	1991	In general it is advised that the carbohydrate content of rehydration drinks should be low (max 80 g l-1) when sweat loss is maximal, may be intermediate when both carbohydrate availability and moderate dehydration influence performance (up to 110 g l-1), and may be maximal (up to 160 g l-1) when the sweat loss is minimized and carbohydrate is the major determinant of the rate of fatigue development.	Carbohydrates	34-46	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-16	Homo sapiens	101-104
1895360-4	1991	In general it is advised that the carbohydrate content of rehydration drinks should be low (max 80 g l-1) when sweat loss is maximal, may be intermediate when both carbohydrate availability and moderate dehydration influence performance (up to 110 g l-1), and may be maximal (up to 160 g l-1) when the sweat loss is minimized and carbohydrate is the major determinant of the rate of fatigue development.	Carbohydrates	34-46	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-16	Homo sapiens	250-253
1895360-4	1991	In general it is advised that the carbohydrate content of rehydration drinks should be low (max 80 g l-1) when sweat loss is maximal, may be intermediate when both carbohydrate availability and moderate dehydration influence performance (up to 110 g l-1), and may be maximal (up to 160 g l-1) when the sweat loss is minimized and carbohydrate is the major determinant of the rate of fatigue development.	Carbohydrates	34-46	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-16	Homo sapiens	250-253
1870425-6	1991	Carbohydrate metabolism was evaluated by the glucose and insulin responses (total glucose and insulin areas under the curve, insulin sensitivity index [ISI]) to a 75-g, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	57-64
1870425-6	1991	Carbohydrate metabolism was evaluated by the glucose and insulin responses (total glucose and insulin areas under the curve, insulin sensitivity index [ISI]) to a 75-g, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	94-101
2021940-1	1991	Anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) were prepared in a syngeneic system against anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) MoAb 5B3 (IgG1), which reacted with a carbohydrate moiety on CEA, and MoAb MA208 (IgG1), which reacted with a peptide on CEA.	Carbohydrates	163-175	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	120-123
1715341-6	1991	The variability in the intensity of staining associated with the lectin-carbohydrate complexes suggests quantitative differences among the various carbohydrate moieties detected.	Carbohydrates	72-84	lectin	Oncorhynchus mykiss	65-71
1715341-6	1991	The variability in the intensity of staining associated with the lectin-carbohydrate complexes suggests quantitative differences among the various carbohydrate moieties detected.	Carbohydrates	147-159	lectin	Oncorhynchus mykiss	65-71
1788198-3	1991	A decrease in the sensitivity to insulin was noted even in normal values of carbohydrate and fat metabolism.	Carbohydrates	76-88	insulin	Homo sapiens	33-40
2033371-3	1991	Immunofluorescence analysis with the carbohydrate dependent anti-CD43 antibody T305 revealed that in 10 out of the 12 WAS patients tested increased numbers of T lymphocytes carry on CD43 an epitope which on normal lymphocytes is expressed only after activation.	Carbohydrates	37-49	sialophorin	Homo sapiens	65-69
2033371-3	1991	Immunofluorescence analysis with the carbohydrate dependent anti-CD43 antibody T305 revealed that in 10 out of the 12 WAS patients tested increased numbers of T lymphocytes carry on CD43 an epitope which on normal lymphocytes is expressed only after activation.	Carbohydrates	37-49	sialophorin	Homo sapiens	182-186
2033371-6	1991	To examine the O-glycan structures, carbohydrate labeled CD43 was immunoprecipitated and the released oligosaccharides identified.	Carbohydrates	36-48	sialophorin	Homo sapiens	57-61
1886479-6	1991	Carbohydrate feeding resulted in higher plasma glucose and insulin, and lower free fatty acid concentrations than did WP.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	59-66
2021152-1	1991	Chronic alcoholism has been reported to be associated with a reduced carbohydrate content of transferrin (TF), particularly, its reduced sialylation state.	Carbohydrates	69-81	transferrin	Rattus norvegicus	93-104
1673496-1	1991	To test the hypothesis that there is an abnormal serum insulin response to a carbohydrate load in thyrotoxic hypokalaemic periodic paralysis (THPP), 18 men with THPP and 15 with uncomplicated thyrotoxicosis were studied during an oral glucose tolerance test.	Carbohydrates	77-89	insulin	Homo sapiens	55-62
2021152-1	1991	Chronic alcoholism has been reported to be associated with a reduced carbohydrate content of transferrin (TF), particularly, its reduced sialylation state.	Carbohydrates	69-81	transferrin	Rattus norvegicus	106-108
1816976-4	1991	Repeated studies with different test meals showed that in the diabetic patients the circadian deterioration of carbohydrate tolerance was reduced after a fibre rich meal with low glycemic effect and insulin requirements.	Carbohydrates	111-123	insulin	Homo sapiens	199-206
1654785-2	1991	The receptors were solubilized from these membranes with 1% Nonidet P-40, and the solubilized receptor was adsorbed to Con A-Sepharose and wheat germ agglutinin agarose columns, indicating that the TNF receptor derived from human placenta contains carbohydrate chains recognized by these lectins.	Carbohydrates	248-260	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	198-201
2018116-0	1991	Mechanism of growth hormone-induced postprandial carbohydrate intolerance in humans.	Carbohydrates	49-61	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	13-27
1826185-3	1991	In the first study described in this investigation, hypertensive subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) who had an elevated Na+/Li+ countertransport activity were found to have a lower whole body glucose utilization, a lower insulin-stimulated forearm carbohydrate oxidation, larger ultrasound kidney volume, and increased left ventricular mass index when compared with hypertensive IDDM subjects with a normal Na+/Li+ countertransport activity or normotensive IDDM subjects.	Carbohydrates	270-282	insulin	Homo sapiens	79-86
1709113-1	1991	Host antibody responses to the G2.1 epitope, a carbohydrate-associated determinant shared by several Trichinella spiralis glycoproteins, were examined by competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).	Carbohydrates	47-59	NPR2 like, GATOR1 complex subunit	Mus musculus	31-35
1880188-0	1991	Separation of carbohydrate-mediated microheterogeneity of recombinant human erythropoietin by free solution capillary electrophoresis.	Carbohydrates	14-26	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	76-90
2018116-1	1991	Growth hormone excess can cause postprandial carbohydrate intolerance.	Carbohydrates	45-57	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	0-14
1903630-7	1991	For unknown reasons, the concentrations of insulin in seminal plasma were lower in the subjects suffering from carbohydrate intolerance.	Carbohydrates	111-123	insulin	Homo sapiens	43-50
2070783-0	1991	Influence of carbohydrate moieties of human serum transferrin on the determination of its molecular mass by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis and staining with periodic acid-Schiff reagent.	Carbohydrates	13-25	transferrin	Homo sapiens	50-61
2070783-1	1991	The influence of carbohydrate moieties of transferrin (Tf) on the determination of its molecular mass (MM) by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis (PAGGE) was investigated.	Carbohydrates	17-29	transferrin	Homo sapiens	42-53
2001369-0	1991	Carbohydrate structures of recombinant soluble human CD4 expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells.	Carbohydrates	0-12	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	53-56
2070783-1	1991	The influence of carbohydrate moieties of transferrin (Tf) on the determination of its molecular mass (MM) by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis (PAGGE) was investigated.	Carbohydrates	17-29	transferrin	Homo sapiens	55-57
2070783-5	1991	After enzymatic cleavage of the two carbohydrate chains of Tf the difference between the calculated MM and the value reported in literature increased to 7000 Da (nondenaturing PAGGE) and 9200 Da (denaturing PAGGE).	Carbohydrates	36-48	transferrin	Homo sapiens	59-61
2070783-9	1991	The shortest carbohydrate moiety necessary for Tf staining corresponds to two identical carbohydrate chains of the structure (Asn)-GlcNAc-GlcNAc-beta-Man-(alpha-Man-)-alpha-Man.	Carbohydrates	13-25	transferrin	Homo sapiens	47-49
2070783-9	1991	The shortest carbohydrate moiety necessary for Tf staining corresponds to two identical carbohydrate chains of the structure (Asn)-GlcNAc-GlcNAc-beta-Man-(alpha-Man-)-alpha-Man.	Carbohydrates	88-100	transferrin	Homo sapiens	47-49
2025241-2	1991	Normal alpha-NAGA is synthesized as a 52 kDa precursor which matures to a 49 kDa species through phosphorylation and carbohydrate triming.	Carbohydrates	117-129	alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase	Homo sapiens	7-17
1907075-10	1991	The higher cortisol level in carbohydrate group may be secondary to higher insulin levels.	Carbohydrates	29-41	insulin	Homo sapiens	75-82
2055602-4	1991	Along this line a carbohydrate structure conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA), was enzymatically sialylated using a purified sialyltransferase to yield NeuAcGal[GlcNAc]GalNAc-OC6H4N = N-BSA.	Carbohydrates	18-30	albumin	Homo sapiens	62-75
2029809-11	1991	In common with other glycoproteins, the carbohydrate residues which constitute 40% of its molecular size are essential for maintaining the stability of epoetin in circulation.	Carbohydrates	40-52	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	152-159
1711527-6	1991	These glycoproteins, including the peripheral lymph node homing receptor (pln HR), the endothelial cell adhesion molecule (ELAM), and PADGEM/gmp140, are all members of a family of proteins which are unified by the inclusion of three characteristic protein motifs: a lectin or carbohydrate recognition domain, an epidermal growth factor (egf) domain, and a variable number of short consensus repeats (scr) which are also found in members of the complement regulatory proteins.	Carbohydrates	276-288	endothelial cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	123-127
1875801-1	1991	There is now substantive evidence that the provision of exogenous carbohydrate at high rates (1-2 g. min-1) can enhance performance during prolonged exercise.	Carbohydrates	66-78	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	101-106
1848008-1	1991	Pituitary growth hormone (GH) functions physiologically to oppose the actions of insulin on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism by interfering with metabolic events that occur after insulin binds to its receptor.	Carbohydrates	92-104	insulin	Homo sapiens	81-88
1846876-0	1991	Comparison of the effects on insulin sensitivity of high carbohydrate and high fat diets in normal subjects.	Carbohydrates	57-69	insulin	Homo sapiens	29-36
1826968-3	1991	All had elevated levels of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in serum and normal or near normal liver function tests.	Carbohydrates	27-39	transferrin	Homo sapiens	50-61
1704432-6	1991	The developmental pattern of the carbohydrate moiety of AFP was determined by ConA fractioning.	Carbohydrates	33-45	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	56-59
1874033-6	1991	However, since modification of either the hormone or the carbohydrate moiety of the receptor can selectively attenuate either the insulin-like or the lipolytic response, more than one hormone receptor interaction is likely.	Carbohydrates	57-69	nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1	Homo sapiens	184-200
1723835-0	1991	Impact of increased growth hormone secretion on carbohydrate metabolism in adolescents with diabetes.	Carbohydrates	48-60	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	20-34
1845576-0	1991	A modified method for the assay of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in serum.	Carbohydrates	35-47	transferrin	Homo sapiens	58-69
1997323-0	1991	Carbohydrate microheterogeneity of rat serotransferrin.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Rattus norvegicus	39-54
1858574-0	1991	Nutritional regulation of apolipoprotein genes: effect of dietary carbohydrates and fatty acids.	Carbohydrates	66-79	apolipoprotein E	Rattus norvegicus	26-40
1858574-2	1991	Dietary carbohydrates or fatty acids regulate the expression of apo E gene, by altering either gene transcription or mRNA stability.	Carbohydrates	8-21	apolipoprotein E	Rattus norvegicus	64-69
2048719-13	1991	The combined carbohydrate mapping and structural fingerprinting procedures are illustrated for a recombinant form of the CD4 receptor glycoprotein.	Carbohydrates	13-25	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	121-133
1901737-7	1991	Anti-ZP3 titers, determined by RIA, developed in all treatment groups and correlated directly with carbohydrate content.	Carbohydrates	99-111	zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 3	Oryctolagus cuniculus	5-8
2004355-2	1991	Soybean agglutinin (SBA) lectin which binds to specific carbohydrate residues was studied in normal human colonic epithelial cells, in epithelial cells in transitional colonic mucosa adjacent to carcinomas, and in colonic carcinomas.	Carbohydrates	56-68	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: lectin	Glycine max	25-31
1705276-6	1991	The addition or removal of the oligosaccharide molecule takes place at the Goldi complex subjected to various modifications by the glycosylation enzyme, and the present findings indicate that a certain enzyme (s) for the processing of oligosaccharide differs according to the developmental change in AFP-producing sites or the maturation of AFP-producing cells, and such is responsible for the different AFP carbohydrate chains in the amniotic fluid at different gestational stages.	Carbohydrates	408-420	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	300-303
1846787-13	1991	At the higher insulin infusion rates, the final rate of whole-body oxidation of carbohydrate was significantly less in the patients than in the control subjects, and that of fat was significantly greater.	Carbohydrates	80-92	insulin	Homo sapiens	14-21
1802735-0	1991	Postprandial blood concentrations of insulin-independent carbohydrate, galactose, in oral test after gastric surgery.	Carbohydrates	57-69	insulin	Homo sapiens	37-44
1802735-1	1991	In order to examine the postprandial blood concentrations of insulin-independent carbohydrates after gastric surgery oral galactose test (1.65 g/kg body weight in water, 33%, w/v) was performed in 55 symptomatic patients and in 5 healthy subjects.	Carbohydrates	81-94	insulin	Homo sapiens	61-68
1725797-5	1991	Glucose and insulin response to an oral carbohydrate challenge (glucose % removal rate 1.4 +/- 0.2 vs. 1.5 +/- 0.3%/min; incremental area for serum insulin 955 +/- 279 vs. 905 +/- 458 microU/ml/min), serum cholesterol (192 +/- 33 vs. 200 +/- 43 mg/dl), triglyceride (83 +/- 57 vs. 84 +/- 37 mg/dl) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (46 +/- 9 vs. 50 +/- 14 mg/dl) were not affected as well.	Carbohydrates	40-52	insulin	Homo sapiens	12-19
1659892-1	1991	Specific binding sites for corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) and its pregnancy-associated variant (pCBG), having a modified carbohydrate moiety, were found in the plasma membranes of human liver, decidual endometrium and placental syncytiotrophoblast.	Carbohydrates	128-140	serpin family A member 6	Homo sapiens	27-58
1659892-1	1991	Specific binding sites for corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) and its pregnancy-associated variant (pCBG), having a modified carbohydrate moiety, were found in the plasma membranes of human liver, decidual endometrium and placental syncytiotrophoblast.	Carbohydrates	128-140	serpin family A member 6	Homo sapiens	60-63
1714552-0	1991	Expression and localization in the developing cerebellum of the carbohydrate epitopes revealed by Elec-39, an IgM monoclonal antibody related to HNK-1.	Carbohydrates	64-76	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	145-150
1714552-2	1991	The specificity of this antibody resembles that of a family of anti-carbohydrate antibodies that includes HNK-1, L2, NC-1 and NSP-4, as well as IgMs that occur in some human neuropathies.	Carbohydrates	68-80	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	106-111
1705276-0	1991	[Microheterogeneity of alpha-fetoprotein in the amniotic fluid--developmental changes in the molecular structure of carbohydrate chain].	Carbohydrates	116-128	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	23-40
1705276-5	1991	A carbohydrate chain with either bisecting GlcNAc or Fuc also decreased with fetal growth, and AFP at the end stage of gestation was composed mainly of Man.core type carbohydrate chain.	Carbohydrates	166-178	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	95-98
1908366-11	1991	Reactivities with peroxidase-conjugated lectins showed that the carbohydrate compositions of the three ruminants" lactoferrin were the same but not identical with that of human lactoferrin.	Carbohydrates	64-76	lactotransferrin	Ovis aries	114-125
2046822-2	1991	An improvement in tissue insulin sensitivity was observed for each steady state of the clamp and daily insulin requirements decreased significantly from 38.3 +/- 3.2 to 28.2 +/- 2.5 units (p less than 0.01) in spite of an increased carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	232-244	insulin	Homo sapiens	25-32
1705276-6	1991	The addition or removal of the oligosaccharide molecule takes place at the Goldi complex subjected to various modifications by the glycosylation enzyme, and the present findings indicate that a certain enzyme (s) for the processing of oligosaccharide differs according to the developmental change in AFP-producing sites or the maturation of AFP-producing cells, and such is responsible for the different AFP carbohydrate chains in the amniotic fluid at different gestational stages.	Carbohydrates	408-420	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	341-344
1705276-6	1991	The addition or removal of the oligosaccharide molecule takes place at the Goldi complex subjected to various modifications by the glycosylation enzyme, and the present findings indicate that a certain enzyme (s) for the processing of oligosaccharide differs according to the developmental change in AFP-producing sites or the maturation of AFP-producing cells, and such is responsible for the different AFP carbohydrate chains in the amniotic fluid at different gestational stages.	Carbohydrates	408-420	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	341-344
1871511-3	1991	We have recently described a monoclonal IgM antibody, H17, to a mouse methylcholanthrene-induced tumor with specificity for a common saccharide, namely alpha-N-acetylgalactosamine.	Carbohydrates	133-143	histocompatibility 17	Mus musculus	54-57
2249984-8	1990	The purified r epsilon BP exhibits binding activity to various saccharides, with affinity for N-acetyllactosamine greater than thiodigalactoside greater than lactose much greater than D-galactose greater than L-arabinose, an order identical to that exhibited by native epsilon BP isolated from RBL cells.	Carbohydrates	63-74	galectin 3	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
1949390-2	1991	By use of lectin affinity chromatography, PLAP-like enzyme in seminoma revealed extra sugar chains compared to placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), indicating heterogeneity of the carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	182-194	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	42-46
1702034-5	1990	ELFT encodes a 46 kd protein that has alpha(1,3)fucosyltransferase activity, suggesting that a fucosylated carbohydrate structure is an essential component of the ELAM-1 ligand.	Carbohydrates	107-119	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
1701165-1	1990	5-fluorouridine (FUR), an antineoplastic agent, was site-specifically conjugated to the carbohydrate moiety of a anticarcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) monoclonal antibody (MAb) by using amino-dextran as the intermediate carrier.	Carbohydrates	88-100	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	143-146
1965684-0	1990	[Establishment and characterization of human cholaginocarcinoma, MEC, producing carbohydrate antigen 19-9].	Carbohydrates	80-92	C-C motif chemokine ligand 28	Homo sapiens	65-68
2128175-0	1990	Effect of dietary carbohydrates and ethanol on expression of genes encoding sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, aldolase, and phosphoglycerate kinase in Drosophila larvae.	Carbohydrates	18-31	Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1	Drosophila melanogaster	76-113
2128175-0	1990	Effect of dietary carbohydrates and ethanol on expression of genes encoding sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, aldolase, and phosphoglycerate kinase in Drosophila larvae.	Carbohydrates	18-31	Aldolase 1	Drosophila melanogaster	115-123
2128175-2	1990	We have examined the effect of dietary carbohydrates and ethanol on expression of the genes encoding glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH), aldolase (ALD), and phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) in D. melanogaster larvae.	Carbohydrates	39-52	Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1	Drosophila melanogaster	101-135
2128175-2	1990	We have examined the effect of dietary carbohydrates and ethanol on expression of the genes encoding glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH), aldolase (ALD), and phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) in D. melanogaster larvae.	Carbohydrates	39-52	Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1	Drosophila melanogaster	137-141
2128175-2	1990	We have examined the effect of dietary carbohydrates and ethanol on expression of the genes encoding glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH), aldolase (ALD), and phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) in D. melanogaster larvae.	Carbohydrates	39-52	Aldolase 1	Drosophila melanogaster	144-152
2128175-3	1990	GPDH activity and transcript abundance increased in response to ethanol and additional amounts of several different carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	116-129	Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1	Drosophila melanogaster	0-4
2128175-7	1990	The observation that dietary carbohydrates and ethanol increase Gpdh expression without affecting expression of Ald and Pgk reinforces previous suggestions that dietary carbon can be diverted by GPDH from glycolytic catabolism into lipid biosynthesis.	Carbohydrates	29-42	Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1	Drosophila melanogaster	64-68
2128175-7	1990	The observation that dietary carbohydrates and ethanol increase Gpdh expression without affecting expression of Ald and Pgk reinforces previous suggestions that dietary carbon can be diverted by GPDH from glycolytic catabolism into lipid biosynthesis.	Carbohydrates	29-42	Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1	Drosophila melanogaster	195-199
1705161-3	1990	A similar pattern of effects was observed with NPY in the PVN, which also selectively potentiated carbohydrate ingestion.	Carbohydrates	98-110	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
1705161-6	1990	During the early dark period, PVN GAL had a small stimulatory effect on carbohydrate, in addition to a strong enhancement of fat intake; in the late dark period, in contrast, GAL stimulated intake only of the fat diet.	Carbohydrates	72-84	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
2254566-1	1990	One factor responsible for the altered carbohydrate metabolism in elderly subjects is impaired insulin release; however, difficulties in directly measuring insulin secretion have limited studies on pancreatic activity and on the contribution of the liver to insulin delivery.	Carbohydrates	39-51	insulin	Homo sapiens	95-102
2093153-2	1990	Effects of diet composition on NPY, a powerful stimulant of weight gain and food intake (particularly carbohydrates), are not known.	Carbohydrates	102-115	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	31-34
2287949-3	1990	Carbohydrate substituants (one or two chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate chains for decorin and biglycan respectively, chains of keratan sulfate for fibromodulin and oligosaccharides) present variations from tissue to tissue and with age and other factors.	Carbohydrates	0-12	biglycan	Homo sapiens	98-106
1699666-0	1990	PADGEM-dependent adhesion of platelets to monocytes and neutrophils is mediated by a lineage-specific carbohydrate, LNF III (CD15).	Carbohydrates	102-114	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	125-129
2127661-6	1990	The application of these labeled lectins in combination with specific glycosidases for the characterization of the carbohydrate chains of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and erythropoietin is presented.	Carbohydrates	115-127	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	183-197
2229075-8	1990	In this setting, hepatic apoB100 synthesis became undetectable in animals subjected to 48 h fasting and subsequently refed a high carbohydrate diet for either 24 or 48 h. This change was accountable for by an increase in the proportion of edited apoB mRNA, as determined by primer extension analysis, from 37% UAA in fasted animals to 79 and 91% UAA at 24 and 48 h of refeeding, respectively.	Carbohydrates	130-142	apolipoprotein B	Rattus norvegicus	25-29
2082620-10	1990	These results suggest that the attached carbohydrates around the CD4-binding site of gp120, may contribute to the generation of this protein domain required for high affinity receptor interaction.	Carbohydrates	40-53	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	65-68
2096155-1	1990	Insulin action on carbohydrate metabolism is known to be reduced in liver cirrhosis.	Carbohydrates	18-30	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
2174321-9	1990	Plasma insulin and glucose levels were significantly higher after the high carbohydrate meal than after the high fat meal.	Carbohydrates	75-87	insulin	Homo sapiens	7-14
2288734-2	1990	The method is based on the detection of a transferrin variant (carbohydrate deficient transferrin = CDT) in plasma of alcoholics.	Carbohydrates	63-75	transferrin	Homo sapiens	42-53
2288734-2	1990	The method is based on the detection of a transferrin variant (carbohydrate deficient transferrin = CDT) in plasma of alcoholics.	Carbohydrates	63-75	transferrin	Homo sapiens	86-97
2086209-21	1990	The negative relationship between insulin binding and plasma glucose during malnutrition may be related to carbohydrate intolerance.	Carbohydrates	107-119	insulin	Homo sapiens	34-41
1703626-7	1990	Furthermore, one of the genes (AGPase S) is strongly inducible by metabolizable carbohydrates (e.g. sucrose) at the RNA level.	Carbohydrates	80-93	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	31-39
2177838-11	1990	Acute effects of dietary carbohydrate on hepatic S14 gene transcription are insulin dependent.	Carbohydrates	25-37	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
2293343-4	1990	The initial reaction of growth hormone (GH) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) to protein and carbohydrate was identical, with a reduction in both GH and TSH, and nadir occurring after 45-60 min and 120 min, respectively.	Carbohydrates	97-109	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	24-38
2293343-4	1990	The initial reaction of growth hormone (GH) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) to protein and carbohydrate was identical, with a reduction in both GH and TSH, and nadir occurring after 45-60 min and 120 min, respectively.	Carbohydrates	97-109	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	40-42
2096883-1	1990	The carbohydrate metabolism abnormalities present in uremia have been attributed to a combination of peripheral resistance to insulin and inhibition of insulin release secondary to beta cells insensitivity.	Carbohydrates	4-16	insulin	Homo sapiens	126-133
2096883-1	1990	The carbohydrate metabolism abnormalities present in uremia have been attributed to a combination of peripheral resistance to insulin and inhibition of insulin release secondary to beta cells insensitivity.	Carbohydrates	4-16	insulin	Homo sapiens	152-159
2077115-7	1990	A polyclonal anti-rat red blood cell (RBC) antibody co-localized with GSA, suggesting that lectin-reactive carbohydrates on rat sensory neurons are related to rat RBC antigens.	Carbohydrates	107-120	GNAS complex locus	Homo sapiens	70-73
2079871-10	1990	In conclusion, carbohydrate composition of apoB of chylomicrons is heterogeneous and varies with chylomicron density.	Carbohydrates	15-27	apolipoprotein B	Rattus norvegicus	43-47
1703626-9	1990	This suggests a link between AGPase S expression and the status of a tissue as either a sink for or a source of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	112-125	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	29-37
2289463-4	1990	Neuraminidase from different sources and peptide-N-glycosidase F were applied to investigate the presence of sialic acid and/or carbohydrate chains in human catalase.	Carbohydrates	128-140	catalase	Homo sapiens	157-165
2246611-4	1990	Moreover, in LDL subfractions from pattern B subjects, carbohydrate content of LDL apoB, but not LDL glycolipid, was significantly lower in comparison with particles of similar size from pattern A subjects.	Carbohydrates	55-67	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	83-87
2246611-5	1990	Thus, in LDL subclass pattern B, reductions in LDL carbohydrate content are associated both with reduced concentrations of larger carbohydrate-enriched LDL subclasses, and with reduced glycosylation of apoB in all LDL particles.	Carbohydrates	51-63	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	202-206
2401294-7	1990	The O-glycosidic sugars, which make up 50% of the total carbohydrate, are short (up to three sugar residues) chains composed of Ara, Gal and Xyl and are exclusively bound to Thr residues.	Carbohydrates	56-68	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 6	Homo sapiens	128-131
2390069-3	1990	A comparative analysis of the molar carbohydrate compositions of human leucocyte lactotransferrin and human milk lactotransferrin reveals that the glycans of leucocyte lactotransferrin differ essentially by the absence of fucose residues.	Carbohydrates	36-48	lactotransferrin	Homo sapiens	81-97
2168124-0	1990	High-carbohydrate, high-fiber diets increase peripheral insulin sensitivity in healthy young and old adults.	Carbohydrates	5-17	insulin	Homo sapiens	56-63
2168124-6	1990	Therefore, HCF diets may improve carbohydrate economy by enhanced peripheral sensitivity to insulin.	Carbohydrates	33-45	insulin	Homo sapiens	92-99
2167157-4	1990	Beside gangliosides, both antibodies recognized the carbohydrate determinant carried by glycophorin A on very rare Cad-positive human RBC; the structure of which is GalNAc beta 1----4(NeuAc alpha 2----3)Gal beta 1----3(NeuAc alpha 2---- 6)GalNAc alpha 1----Ser/Thr.	Carbohydrates	52-64	glycophorin A (MNS blood group)	Homo sapiens	88-101
2168942-6	1990	The study of the HDL fraction in rats fed a diet rich in fermentable carbohydrates demonstrated a decrease in the HDL1 subpopulation and in the proportion of apolipoprotein E.	Carbohydrates	69-82	apolipoprotein E	Rattus norvegicus	158-174
2196447-11	1990	The amount of reserve carbohydrates was reduced in rgr1 cells.	Carbohydrates	22-35	Rgr1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	51-55
2200808-1	1990	The mechanisms by which high-carbohydrate, low-saturated-fat diets lower LDL cholesterol (LDLC) concentrations are unknown.	Carbohydrates	29-41	component of oligomeric golgi complex 2	Homo sapiens	90-94
2354402-1	1990	The expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) was studied immunohistochemically in 72 meningiomas using two monoclonal antibodies with specificities to protein and carbohydrate components, respectively, of the external domain of the EGF-R.	Carbohydrates	177-189	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	52-57
2230412-1	1990	Soskin, in his 1946 textbook, stated that insulin may be regarded as the dominant instrument in the symphony of endocrine action that results in normal carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	152-164	insulin	Homo sapiens	42-49
2194509-6	1990	Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were significantly (P less than .001) elevated throughout the day when patients consumed the 60% carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	139-151	insulin	Homo sapiens	19-26
1701406-13	1990	J1/tenascin from intestine differed from brain-derived J1 in its carbohydrate composition.	Carbohydrates	65-77	tenascin R	Mus musculus	0-11
2249430-3	1990	The subjects could vary the carbohydrate content of meals, the injection time and dose of short-acting and intermediate-acting insulin and could switch to insulin pump therapy.	Carbohydrates	28-40	insulin	Homo sapiens	155-162
2249431-7	1990	", "How much insulin do I need for a particular amount of carbohydrates?	Carbohydrates	58-71	insulin	Homo sapiens	13-20
2098498-1	1990	Hexokinase is a key enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	30-42	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
1973344-1	1990	We investigated the immunoglobulin genes which encode the variable region of the monoclonal antibodies directed to the onco-developmental carbohydrate antigens such SSEA-1, fucosyl SSEA-1, SSEA-3 and SSEA-4.	Carbohydrates	138-150	fucosyltransferase 4	Mus musculus	165-171
2284484-0	1990	[A model of extreme insulin resistance with carbohydrate intolerance in a patient with Werner"s syndrome].	Carbohydrates	44-56	insulin	Homo sapiens	20-27
1694660-1	1990	The expression of the carbohydrate antigen 3-fucosyl-N-acetyl-lactosamine (CD15, LeX) on human neutrophil glycoproteins has been studied by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting by using monoclonal antibody MC2.	Carbohydrates	22-34	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	75-79
2096435-3	1990	This is due to the fact that intolerance to carbohydrates is a heterogeneous entity which should be dismembered according to the severity of insulin deficiency and to the degree of insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	44-57	insulin	Homo sapiens	141-148
1694660-1	1990	The expression of the carbohydrate antigen 3-fucosyl-N-acetyl-lactosamine (CD15, LeX) on human neutrophil glycoproteins has been studied by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting by using monoclonal antibody MC2.	Carbohydrates	22-34	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	81-84
1699884-7	1990	Collectively, the data presented support the notion that a natural ligand for the T11(2) epitope of CD2 will be identified as a sulphated carbohydrate structure.	Carbohydrates	138-150	T-cell surface antigen CD2	Ovis aries	100-103
1693562-0	1990	Carbohydrate composition of the alpha-subunit of human choriogonadotropin (hCG alpha) and the free alpha molecules produced in pregnancy: most free alpha and some combined hCG alpha molecules are fucosylated.	Carbohydrates	0-12	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	75-84
1693562-0	1990	Carbohydrate composition of the alpha-subunit of human choriogonadotropin (hCG alpha) and the free alpha molecules produced in pregnancy: most free alpha and some combined hCG alpha molecules are fucosylated.	Carbohydrates	0-12	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	172-181
1690673-5	1990	Immunocytochemical techniques demonstrated that highly sialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM), the carbohydrate recognized by L2 monoclonal antibody, cholinesterase, stage-specific embryonic antigen 1, and a ligand that binds tetragonolobus purpureas agglutinin are expressed by the roof plate.	Carbohydrates	109-121	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	176-210
2190280-3	1990	Clearly lack of insulin, with its associated disorders of carbohydrate, protein, and/or lipid metabolism, initiates the process which eventually leads to the characteristic histologic picture of diabetic nephropathy.	Carbohydrates	58-70	insulin	Homo sapiens	16-23
2165407-2	1990	The initial rate of peroxidase"s oxidation is directly proportional to the periodate concentration; the oxidation rate constant of peroxidase carbohydrate moiety is 1.23 x 10(-3) M-1 min-1.	Carbohydrates	142-154	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	183-188
2402328-4	1990	The results suggest that the EGF-R present in gliomas differs from that in A431 cells in the type or amount of the carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	115-127	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	29-34
2377742-3	1990	Thus, gallbladder CCK receptors present in man and cow are both N-linked complex glycoproteins, with different carbohydrate domains and similar protein cores.	Carbohydrates	111-123	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	18-21
2255652-6	1990	A decrease in insulin response to carbohydrates was noted in 36 patients (72%) with a history of the acute pancreatitis in comparison with the control group.	Carbohydrates	34-47	insulin	Homo sapiens	14-21
2255652-8	1990	Therefore, metabolism of carbohydrates should be checked particularly in the individuals with a history of the acute pancreatitis without the symptoms of both diabetes mellitus and sugar tolerance disorders but with the signs of decreased insulin response to carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	25-38	insulin	Homo sapiens	239-246
2255652-8	1990	Therefore, metabolism of carbohydrates should be checked particularly in the individuals with a history of the acute pancreatitis without the symptoms of both diabetes mellitus and sugar tolerance disorders but with the signs of decreased insulin response to carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	259-272	insulin	Homo sapiens	239-246
2318894-12	1990	This large number of oligosaccharides is in agreement with the known carbohydrate content (approximately 50%) of the BSP.	Carbohydrates	69-81	integrin-binding sialoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	117-120
1691270-5	1990	Altogether the results indicated that the carbohydrate-dependent epitopes of gC-1 from C1300 cells were stabilized by peripheral sugars of N-linked oligosaccharides rather than O-linked ones and that fucose could substitute for terminal galactose in promoting the activity of the carbohydrate-dependent epitopes.	Carbohydrates	42-54	guanylate cyclase 2e	Mus musculus	77-81
1691270-5	1990	Altogether the results indicated that the carbohydrate-dependent epitopes of gC-1 from C1300 cells were stabilized by peripheral sugars of N-linked oligosaccharides rather than O-linked ones and that fucose could substitute for terminal galactose in promoting the activity of the carbohydrate-dependent epitopes.	Carbohydrates	280-292	guanylate cyclase 2e	Mus musculus	77-81
2156701-0	1990	The role of carbohydrate in recombinant human erythropoietin.	Carbohydrates	12-24	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	46-60
2186807-3	1990	Recombinant renin contains carbohydrate covalently attached to asparagines at positions 5 and 75 (renin numbering) and disulfide linkages at Cys-51/Cys-58, Cys-217/Cys-221, and Cys-259/Cys-296.	Carbohydrates	27-39	renin	Homo sapiens	12-17
2308518-0	1990	A high carbohydrate-fat free diet alters the proportion of heparin-bound VLDL in plasma and the expression of VLDL-apoB-100 epitopes.	Carbohydrates	7-19	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	115-123
2185825-10	1990	It is concluded that alpha-amylase susceptibility of the test carbohydrates is a determining factor in the insulin response of healthy subjects, while viscosity of the test meals and gastric emptying rate have no effect.	Carbohydrates	62-75	insulin	Homo sapiens	107-114
2407584-6	1990	In activated T lymphocytes of PCO-NIDDM patients, PDH responsiveness to both submaximal and maximal insulin concentrations was impaired, the extent of which varied in proportion to their degree of carbohydrate intolerance.	Carbohydrates	197-209	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	50-53
2341370-3	1990	The microheterogeneous nature of both factors, observed on isoelectric focusing, is derived from the difference of the number of terminal sialic acid residues bound to the carbohydrate chains of the EPO molecule.	Carbohydrates	172-184	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	199-202
2303455-0	1990	Thyroid hormone and dietary carbohydrate interact to regulate rat liver S14 gene transcription and chromatin structure.	Carbohydrates	28-40	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	72-75
2109347-4	1990	These patients have reduced subcutaneous fat reserves, intolerance to carbohydrates by resistance to insulin (partially corrected by haemodialysis), low levels of plasma aminoacids, notably valine, type IV hyperlipidaemia with low levels of essential fatty acids, fragile immune system and increased requirements for vitamins B, especially B6.	Carbohydrates	70-83	insulin	Homo sapiens	101-108
2303455-1	1990	Dietary carbohydrate and thyroid hormone (T3) interact to regulate rat liver S14 gene expression.	Carbohydrates	8-20	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	77-80
2303455-11	1990	We speculate that the synergistic regulation of S14 gene transcription by T3 and dietary carbohydrate involves a complex interaction between factors which regulate the accessibility of putative cis-regulatory elements through changes in chromatin structure and the regulation of "transcription factors" which interact with these elements.	Carbohydrates	89-101	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	48-51
2404748-1	1990	Neuropeptide-Y (NPY) is a 36-amino acid C-terminally amidated peptide found within the hypothalamus that can potently stimulate carbohydrate feeding.	Carbohydrates	128-140	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	0-14
2227120-5	1990	In well-controlled diabetic and healthy subjects, the small increment in insulin rapidly suppressed plasma FFA and fat oxidation by approximately 50% and stimulated carbohydrate oxidation by approximately 80%.	Carbohydrates	165-177	insulin	Homo sapiens	73-80
2319298-8	1990	These findings, together with previous studies demonstrating the selective expression of oligosaccharide ligands for RL-14.5 on the same neurons, are consistent with the idea that carbohydrate-mediated interactions contribute to the development of this subset of mammalian neurons.	Carbohydrates	180-192	galectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	117-124
2404748-1	1990	Neuropeptide-Y (NPY) is a 36-amino acid C-terminally amidated peptide found within the hypothalamus that can potently stimulate carbohydrate feeding.	Carbohydrates	128-140	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	16-19
1688916-4	1990	HNK-1-containing fibronectin was purified on a gelatin-Sepharose column followed by an affinity column using a monoclonal antibody against the HNK-1 carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	149-161	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
1688857-0	1990	The oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein belongs to a distinct family of proteins and contains the HNK-1 carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	104-116	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	98-103
1688857-6	1990	In addition, we report that a subpopulation of OMgp molecules contains the HNK-1 carbohydrate, which has been shown to mediate interactions among cells in the central nervous system.	Carbohydrates	81-93	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	75-80
1688916-4	1990	HNK-1-containing fibronectin was purified on a gelatin-Sepharose column followed by an affinity column using a monoclonal antibody against the HNK-1 carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	149-161	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	17-28
1688916-4	1990	HNK-1-containing fibronectin was purified on a gelatin-Sepharose column followed by an affinity column using a monoclonal antibody against the HNK-1 carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	149-161	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	143-148
1688916-6	1990	Of the seven neuroectoderm-derived tumor cell lines tested, only the Melur melanoma cell secreted fibronectin containing the HNK-1 carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	131-143	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	98-109
1688916-6	1990	Of the seven neuroectoderm-derived tumor cell lines tested, only the Melur melanoma cell secreted fibronectin containing the HNK-1 carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	131-143	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	125-130
1688916-7	1990	Identification of human neuroectoderm-derived fibronectin as a potential carrier of the HNK-1 carbohydrate suggests a new role for fibronectin in neural development and regeneration, and represents a new model for studying the function of this carbohydrate domain in neural cell adhesion.	Carbohydrates	94-106	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	46-57
1688916-7	1990	Identification of human neuroectoderm-derived fibronectin as a potential carrier of the HNK-1 carbohydrate suggests a new role for fibronectin in neural development and regeneration, and represents a new model for studying the function of this carbohydrate domain in neural cell adhesion.	Carbohydrates	94-106	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	88-93
1688916-7	1990	Identification of human neuroectoderm-derived fibronectin as a potential carrier of the HNK-1 carbohydrate suggests a new role for fibronectin in neural development and regeneration, and represents a new model for studying the function of this carbohydrate domain in neural cell adhesion.	Carbohydrates	94-106	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	131-142
1688916-7	1990	Identification of human neuroectoderm-derived fibronectin as a potential carrier of the HNK-1 carbohydrate suggests a new role for fibronectin in neural development and regeneration, and represents a new model for studying the function of this carbohydrate domain in neural cell adhesion.	Carbohydrates	244-256	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	46-57
1688916-7	1990	Identification of human neuroectoderm-derived fibronectin as a potential carrier of the HNK-1 carbohydrate suggests a new role for fibronectin in neural development and regeneration, and represents a new model for studying the function of this carbohydrate domain in neural cell adhesion.	Carbohydrates	244-256	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	88-93
2305214-12	1990	A recently developed marker of high alcohol consumption, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, was as good an indicator as the other conventional biochemical markers.	Carbohydrates	57-69	transferrin	Homo sapiens	80-91
2136857-6	1990	Recovery of hIFN-gamma binding of deglycosylated receptors was achieved upon affinity purification and adsorption to nitrocellulose membranes, indicating that the carbohydrate side chains themselves do not directly contribute to the ligand binding epitope but seem to be essential for appropriate conformation of the receptor protein in the cell membrane.	Carbohydrates	163-175	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	12-22
2295646-3	1990	Colonies expressing alpha-(1,3)Fuc-T activity were identified by their ability to bind a monoclonal antibody (anti-SSEA-1) that recognizes the carbohydrate product of alpha-(1,3)Fuc-T action.	Carbohydrates	143-155	fucosyltransferase 11	Homo sapiens	20-36
2295646-3	1990	Colonies expressing alpha-(1,3)Fuc-T activity were identified by their ability to bind a monoclonal antibody (anti-SSEA-1) that recognizes the carbohydrate product of alpha-(1,3)Fuc-T action.	Carbohydrates	143-155	fucosyltransferase 11	Homo sapiens	167-183
2311254-3	1990	By use of lectin affinity chromatography, PLAP-like enzyme in seminoma revealed extra sugar chains compared to PLAP, indicating heterogeneity of the carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	149-161	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	42-46
2178483-0	1990	IgE-, IgA- and IgG-antibody responses to carbohydrate and protein antigens of Candida albicans in asthmatic children.	Carbohydrates	41-53	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	0-3
2313386-2	1990	Livers from rats fed a high carbohydrate diet were found to contain 350- and 100-fold more S14 and FAS mRNA than livers from rats fasted for 48 h. Although feeding a high fat diet increased S14 and FAS mRNA above fasting (P less than 0.05), the level of S14 and FAS mRNAs was only 5% and 4%, respectively, of the amount in the high carbohydrate group.	Carbohydrates	28-40	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	91-94
2313386-2	1990	Livers from rats fed a high carbohydrate diet were found to contain 350- and 100-fold more S14 and FAS mRNA than livers from rats fasted for 48 h. Although feeding a high fat diet increased S14 and FAS mRNA above fasting (P less than 0.05), the level of S14 and FAS mRNAs was only 5% and 4%, respectively, of the amount in the high carbohydrate group.	Carbohydrates	28-40	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	190-193
2313386-2	1990	Livers from rats fed a high carbohydrate diet were found to contain 350- and 100-fold more S14 and FAS mRNA than livers from rats fasted for 48 h. Although feeding a high fat diet increased S14 and FAS mRNA above fasting (P less than 0.05), the level of S14 and FAS mRNAs was only 5% and 4%, respectively, of the amount in the high carbohydrate group.	Carbohydrates	28-40	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	190-193
1967418-1	1990	Acute effects of a low-dose bradykinin infusion (30 ng/kg per min) on carbohydrate metabolism were studied in five patients after major burn injury.	Carbohydrates	70-82	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	28-38
2301971-0	1990	Carbohydrate deficient serum transferrin in a new systemic hereditary syndrome.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	29-40
2098103-1	1990	Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DGE) and image processing were used to quantify protein and carbohydrate heterogeneity in human plasma fibronectin (FN) and its enzymatically produced domains.	Carbohydrates	98-110	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	141-152
2098103-1	1990	Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DGE) and image processing were used to quantify protein and carbohydrate heterogeneity in human plasma fibronectin (FN) and its enzymatically produced domains.	Carbohydrates	98-110	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	154-156
2301971-8	1990	Carbohydrate determinations in purified transferrin showed quantitatively similar deficiencies of sialic acid, galactose, and N-acetylglucosamine, the mannose content being normal.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	40-51
2104769-9	1990	We conclude that disturbed carbohydrate metabolism, such as insulin hypersecretion and insulin resistance, in patients with PHPT is an early finding in this disease and that these early disturbances in glucose metabolism are, however, fully reversible.	Carbohydrates	27-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	60-67
2180481-3	1990	Elevated postprandial glucose and insulin peaks were induced by the meals containing a larger amount of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	104-116	insulin	Homo sapiens	34-41
2407389-12	1990	After chronic administration of SMS 201-995, insulin was suppressed with resultant mild carbohydrate intolerance that persisted throughout the treatment course.	Carbohydrates	88-100	insulin	Homo sapiens	45-52
2322938-9	1990	There was, however, a parallel structure-activity relationship among granuloma-forming, antitumor and TNF-priming activities, indicating that the structures of both the carbohydrate moiety and the mycoloyl residues influenced an initial step, such as macrophage activation, commonly and profoundly.	Carbohydrates	169-181	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	102-105
2303252-2	1990	The nucleic acid and predicted amino acid sequences show homology to human alpha 1-antitrypsin and demonstrate the preservation of critical structural determinants for intracellular targeting, carbohydrate attachment, and catalytic function.	Carbohydrates	193-205	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	75-94
1981183-1	1990	The effect of progressive rehydration with either water or a carbohydrate solution on the plasma growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) response to exercise was examined together with plasma somatostatin.	Carbohydrates	61-73	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	97-111
1981183-1	1990	The effect of progressive rehydration with either water or a carbohydrate solution on the plasma growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) response to exercise was examined together with plasma somatostatin.	Carbohydrates	61-73	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	113-115
2157610-3	1990	The glucagon effect on the level and efficiency of the action of insulin and some other hormones is an important link in the glucagon action on the carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	148-160	insulin	Homo sapiens	65-72
1977666-2	1990	The serum levels of sialyl SSEA-1 antigen, a type 2 chain carbohydrate antigen detected using the monoclonal antibody FH-6, were elevated in 47.2% of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer, with the percent positivity increasing with the clinical stage.	Carbohydrates	58-70	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	27-33
2350402-0	1990	[Lipids, proteins and carbohydrates stimulate the secretion of intestinal cholecystokinin in the pig].	Carbohydrates	22-35	cholecystokinin	Sus scrofa	74-89
2202624-4	1990	In particular, the frequent concurrence of these clinical disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, and vascular disease has led to the hypothesis that insulin resistance and the ensuing hyperinsulinemia may be a common pathophysiologic factor in the etiology of these disease states.	Carbohydrates	71-83	insulin	Homo sapiens	166-173
1688560-8	1990	Since Mel 14 efficiently blocks lymphocyte-endothelial interactions, these results support the hypothesis that the pln HR lectin domain may be directly involved with binding of lymphocytes to a carbohydrate ligand on the pln postcapillary venule endothelium.	Carbohydrates	194-206	phospholamban	Mus musculus	115-118
1688560-8	1990	Since Mel 14 efficiently blocks lymphocyte-endothelial interactions, these results support the hypothesis that the pln HR lectin domain may be directly involved with binding of lymphocytes to a carbohydrate ligand on the pln postcapillary venule endothelium.	Carbohydrates	194-206	phospholamban	Mus musculus	221-224
2251241-2	1990	Ag1 was shown to interact with the lectin Erythrina christagalli agglutinin, which is specific for carbohydrates bearing beta-D-galactose(1-4)-D-N-acetylglucosamine.	Carbohydrates	99-112	NBPF member 10	Homo sapiens	0-3
2295683-0	1990	Functional cooperation between the neural adhesion molecules L1 and N-CAM is carbohydrate dependent.	Carbohydrates	77-89	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	68-73
2295683-13	1990	The results show that it is the cis-interaction between L1 and N-CAM that depends on the appropriate carbohydrate structures.	Carbohydrates	101-113	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	63-68
1688937-7	1990	No cross-reactivity was obtained using the monoclonal antibody that recognizes the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope, a complex sulfated moiety expressed on members of a large family of glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	89-101	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	83-88
1690814-1	1990	The myelin-associated glycoprotein MAG is a neural cell adhesion molecule which belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and the carbohydrate based L2/HNK-1 family of adhesion molecules.	Carbohydrates	130-142	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	152-157
2151394-6	1990	Data presented in this paper suggest existence of a significant relationship between ANP and insulin secretion and participation of ANP in the carbohydrate metabolism both in normals and HTP.	Carbohydrates	143-155	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	132-135
20504600-4	1990	The interaction of AChE with lectins suggests that the carbohydrate residues are N-linked to the protein backbone.	Carbohydrates	55-67	ACE-1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	19-23
2195539-5	1990	A chemotherapeutic regimen supplemented with insulin, glucocorticoids, and folic acid, in particular, leads to the improvement of hydrolysis and carbohydrate absorption in pulmonary tuberculosis patients.	Carbohydrates	145-157	insulin	Homo sapiens	45-52
2308221-2	1990	The primary structure of CEA peptide, mode of membrane anchoring of CEA, heterogeneity of carbohydrate chains, which seemed to be a main cause of the variations in CEA titers of patient"s sera, and a newly established monoclonal radioimmunoassay system that revealed very homogeneous reactions with all CEA preparations and improved results on clinical applications were described.	Carbohydrates	90-102	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	25-28
657267-13	1978	Our results suggest that carbohydrates may not be essential for CSP or procollagen synthesis, intracellular processing and secretion, but that carbohydrates may help stabilize CSP against proteolytic degradation.	Carbohydrates	143-156	DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member C5	Mus musculus	176-179
2300925-0	1990	Critical role of the carbohydrate moiety in human von Willebrand factor protein for interactions with type I collagen.	Carbohydrates	21-33	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	50-71
2300925-1	1990	The ability of von Willebrand factor protein (vWF) to agglutinate platelets with ristocetin depends upon the presence of its highest molecular weight multimers (HMWM) and its intact carbohydrate structure.	Carbohydrates	182-194	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	15-36
2300925-1	1990	The ability of von Willebrand factor protein (vWF) to agglutinate platelets with ristocetin depends upon the presence of its highest molecular weight multimers (HMWM) and its intact carbohydrate structure.	Carbohydrates	182-194	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	46-49
2300925-3	1990	The role of the carbohydrate structure of vWF in this function has not been established.	Carbohydrates	16-28	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	42-45
2300925-9	1990	Therefore, the carbohydrate structure of vWF and, in particular, the penultimate galactose moiety, may be critical for vWF-collagen interactions and for the mediation of primary hemostasis.	Carbohydrates	15-27	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	41-44
2300925-9	1990	Therefore, the carbohydrate structure of vWF and, in particular, the penultimate galactose moiety, may be critical for vWF-collagen interactions and for the mediation of primary hemostasis.	Carbohydrates	15-27	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	119-122
1700862-4	1990	Using the various modifications of the sugar moiety and the protein portion, antigenic determinants of CEA are shown to possess the main conformational character of the molecule while participation of the sugars in the formation and orientation of the carbohydrate chains relative to the protein core of the antigen appear to be important.	Carbohydrates	252-264	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	103-106
2205072-5	1990	Improvement of such results, which can be obtained in optimally treated insulin - dependent pregnants, is possible only by more early determination of all carbohydrate tolerance disturbances in pregnancy.	Carbohydrates	155-167	insulin	Homo sapiens	72-79
3545192-1	1986	Radioiodinated polypeptide hormones, such as insulin, glucagon, human growth hormone, and human C-peptide are employed for radioimmunoassays for investigations of hormonal alterations in states of disturbed carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	207-219	insulin	Homo sapiens	45-52
3545192-1	1986	Radioiodinated polypeptide hormones, such as insulin, glucagon, human growth hormone, and human C-peptide are employed for radioimmunoassays for investigations of hormonal alterations in states of disturbed carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	207-219	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	70-84
3545192-1	1986	Radioiodinated polypeptide hormones, such as insulin, glucagon, human growth hormone, and human C-peptide are employed for radioimmunoassays for investigations of hormonal alterations in states of disturbed carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	207-219	insulin	Homo sapiens	96-105
5480844-1	1970	A group of 32 sexual ateliotic dwarfs with an isolated deficiency of human growth hormone (HGH) were shown previously to resemble subjects with genetic diabetes mellitus in terms of hyperlipemia, carbohydrate intolerance, and patterns of insulin secretion.	Carbohydrates	196-208	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	75-89
6061748-4	1967	In the remaining 31 patients the degree of hypertriglyceridemia was highly correlated with the insulin response elicited by the ingestion of the high carbohydrate formula (P &lt; 0.005).	Carbohydrates	150-162	insulin	Homo sapiens	95-102
33812993-3	2021	Carbohydrate Responsive-Element Binding Protein (ChREBP) is a sugar sensing transcription factor that mediates genomic responses to changes in carbohydrate abundance in key metabolic tissues.	Carbohydrates	143-155	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	0-47
33941419-6	2021	Only 37.7% of endocrinologists reported often teaching insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio and insulin sensitivity factor.	Carbohydrates	66-78	insulin	Homo sapiens	55-62
33812993-3	2021	Carbohydrate Responsive-Element Binding Protein (ChREBP) is a sugar sensing transcription factor that mediates genomic responses to changes in carbohydrate abundance in key metabolic tissues.	Carbohydrates	143-155	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	49-55
33812993-4	2021	Carbohydrate metabolites activate the canonical form of ChREBP, ChREBP-alpha, which stimulates production of a potent, constitutively active ChREBP isoform called ChREBP-beta.	Carbohydrates	0-12	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	56-62
33812993-4	2021	Carbohydrate metabolites activate the canonical form of ChREBP, ChREBP-alpha, which stimulates production of a potent, constitutively active ChREBP isoform called ChREBP-beta.	Carbohydrates	0-12	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	64-70
33812993-5	2021	Carbohydrate metabolites and other metabolic signals may also regulate ChREBP activity via post-translational modifications including phosphorylation, acetylation, and O-GlcNAcylation that can affect ChREBP"s cellular localization, stability, binding to co-factors, and transcriptional activity.	Carbohydrates	0-12	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	71-77
33812993-5	2021	Carbohydrate metabolites and other metabolic signals may also regulate ChREBP activity via post-translational modifications including phosphorylation, acetylation, and O-GlcNAcylation that can affect ChREBP"s cellular localization, stability, binding to co-factors, and transcriptional activity.	Carbohydrates	0-12	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	200-206
33771136-14	2021	Moderate/severe gingivitis was significantly associated with higher frequency of consuming refined carbohydrates in-between meals (APR: 2.33; 95% CI 1.36, 3.99) and higher plaque index scores (APR: 16.24; 95% CI 9.83, 26.82).	Carbohydrates	99-112	phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1	Homo sapiens	131-134
33799656-1	2021	Pasta has an important role in human nutrition for its high content of complex carbohydrates and its widespread use.	Carbohydrates	79-92	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
33813244-2	2021	We aimed to evaluate the response to fewer carbohydrates for treating hypoglycemia in patients with T1D on insulin pumps with predictive suspension technology (PLGS).	Carbohydrates	43-56	insulin	Homo sapiens	107-114
33776619-1	2021	Aims: To identify factors predicting a need for insulin therapy in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by comparing plasma glucose (PG) levels in a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (75-g OGTT) with those in a 500-kcal meal tolerance test (MTT) containing 75 g of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	263-275	insulin	Homo sapiens	48-55
33776987-10	2020	Deglycosylation of TLA, but not heat-inactivation, abolished the potential of TLA to reduce type 2 responses ex vivo, suggesting a significant role of carbohydrates in immunomodulation.	Carbohydrates	151-164	histocompatibility 2, T region locus 18	Mus musculus	19-22
33776987-10	2020	Deglycosylation of TLA, but not heat-inactivation, abolished the potential of TLA to reduce type 2 responses ex vivo, suggesting a significant role of carbohydrates in immunomodulation.	Carbohydrates	151-164	histocompatibility 2, T region locus 18	Mus musculus	78-81
33801995-7	2021	Inverse correlations in the Ov/Ob group were observed between protein intake and IL-6 (p = 0.031; r = -0.461), TNF- alpha (p = 0.043; r = -0.435); carbohydrates and IL-6 (p = 0.037; r = -0.448), MDA (p = 0.045; r = -0.431); fiber and IL-6 (p = 0.025; r = -0.475).	Carbohydrates	147-160	cadherin 11	Homo sapiens	31-33
33589816-6	2021	B cells with reduced Shp1 activity, lacking CD22 or expressing CD22 with mutated Shp1-binding or carbohydrate-binding domains displayed parallel reductions in surface alpha4beta7 and in homing to GALT.	Carbohydrates	97-109	CD22 molecule	Homo sapiens	63-67
19833896-10	2010	The activation of PDH by exercise independent of changes in muscle glycogen or plasma FFA suggests that exercise overrules FFA-mediated inhibition of PDH (i.e., carbohydrate oxidation), and this may thus be one mechanism behind the health-promoting effects of exercise.	Carbohydrates	161-173	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	18-21
33814882-2	2021	The prevalence of insulin resistance and T2DM in persons with SCI suggests that disorders of carbohydrate metabolism are at epidemic proportions within the population.	Carbohydrates	93-105	insulin	Homo sapiens	18-25
33232883-1	2020	ChREBP is the master regulator of carbohydrate dependent glycolytic and lipogenic flux within metabolic tissues.	Carbohydrates	34-46	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	0-6
22261820-1	2012	Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is known to play important regulatory roles in bile acid, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	96-108	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4	Mus musculus	22-25
25608237-10	2015	Our findings indicated that vaspin may be an important adipokine involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and may also play a role in fetal development.	Carbohydrates	77-89	serpin family A member 12	Homo sapiens	28-34
19833896-10	2010	The activation of PDH by exercise independent of changes in muscle glycogen or plasma FFA suggests that exercise overrules FFA-mediated inhibition of PDH (i.e., carbohydrate oxidation), and this may thus be one mechanism behind the health-promoting effects of exercise.	Carbohydrates	161-173	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	150-153
34415640-0	2022	The relationship between meal carbohydrate quantity and the insulin to carbohydrate ratio required to maintain glycaemia is non-linear in young people with type 1 diabetes : A randomized crossover trial.	Carbohydrates	30-42	insulin	Homo sapiens	60-67
19389918-0	2009	Regulated expression of the HNK-1 carbohydrate is essential for medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryogenesis.	Carbohydrates	34-46	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	28-33
19389918-3	2009	Here, we examined the roles of the human natural killer-1 (HNK-1) carbohydrate in medaka embryogenesis.	Carbohydrates	66-78	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	59-64
19409756-1	2009	INTRODUCTION: Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived hormone controlling lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, has been suggested to be a biomarker for metabolic syndrome in the general population.	Carbohydrates	78-90	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	14-25
7683862-1	1993	The interferon antagonist and growth promotor sarcolectin has affinity for negatively charged carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	94-107	keratin 7	Homo sapiens	46-57
34415640-1	2022	OBJECTIVE: To determine if the relationship between meal carbohydrate quantity and the insulin to carbohydrate ratio (ICR) required to maintain glycaemia is linear in people with type 1 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	57-69	insulin	Homo sapiens	87-94
34415640-1	2022	OBJECTIVE: To determine if the relationship between meal carbohydrate quantity and the insulin to carbohydrate ratio (ICR) required to maintain glycaemia is linear in people with type 1 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	98-110	insulin	Homo sapiens	87-94
34415640-11	2022	CONCLUSIONS: A non-linear relationship between insulin requirement and breakfast carbohydrate content was observed, suggesting that strenghtened ICRs are needed for meals with <=20g and >=150g of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	81-93	insulin	Homo sapiens	47-54
34953208-1	2022	Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is one of incretin hormone and is secreted when enteroendocrine L cells sense saccharides, amino acids, and fatty acids.	Carbohydrates	110-121	glucagon	Homo sapiens	0-23
34920332-1	2022	In a cohort including individuals with suspected high alcohol consumption, the concentrations of the indirect alcohol biomarkers carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and the direct alcohol biomarker phosphatidylethanol (PEth) were investigated.	Carbohydrates	129-141	transferrin	Homo sapiens	152-163
34953208-1	2022	Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is one of incretin hormone and is secreted when enteroendocrine L cells sense saccharides, amino acids, and fatty acids.	Carbohydrates	110-121	glucagon	Homo sapiens	25-30
34953208-1	2022	Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is one of incretin hormone and is secreted when enteroendocrine L cells sense saccharides, amino acids, and fatty acids.	Carbohydrates	110-121	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	42-58
34952645-4	2021	Ligand recognition by human DC-SIGN is provided by a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) linked to the membrane transit and signaling sequences.	Carbohydrates	53-65	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	28-35
34915505-2	2022	Diabetes is a metabolic disorder of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins caused by an absence of insulin or insulin resistance, which mediates an increase of oxidative stress, release of inflammatory factors, and macro- or micro-circulation dysfunctions, ultimately developing into diverse complications.	Carbohydrates	36-49	insulin	Homo sapiens	105-112
34774866-0	2021	Natural carbohydrate-based thermosensitive chitosan/pectin adsorbent for removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions.	Carbohydrates	8-20	submaxillary gland androgen regulated protein 3B	Homo sapiens	84-90
34774866-2	2021	This study presents a natural carbohydrate-based chitosan/pectin (CS/Pec) hydrogel adsorbent to remove Pb(II) from aqueous solutions.	Carbohydrates	30-42	submaxillary gland androgen regulated protein 3B	Homo sapiens	103-109
34946583-1	2021	sp2-Iminosugar glycolipids (sp2-IGLs) represent a consolidated family of glycoconjugate mimetics encompassing a monosaccharide-like glycone moiety with a pseudoamide-type nitrogen replacing the endocyclic oxygen atom of carbohydrates and an axially-oriented lipid chain anchored at the pseudoanomeric position.	Carbohydrates	220-233	Sp2 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	0-3
34610502-6	2021	Recently a novel antigen-specific immunotherapy neutralizing the anti-MAG antibodies with a carbohydrate-based ligand mimicking the natural HNK-1 glycoepitope has been described.	Carbohydrates	92-104	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	140-145
34946583-1	2021	sp2-Iminosugar glycolipids (sp2-IGLs) represent a consolidated family of glycoconjugate mimetics encompassing a monosaccharide-like glycone moiety with a pseudoamide-type nitrogen replacing the endocyclic oxygen atom of carbohydrates and an axially-oriented lipid chain anchored at the pseudoanomeric position.	Carbohydrates	220-233	Sp2 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	28-31
34397142-1	2021	The Sd a carbohydrate antigen and the corresponding biosynthetic enzyme B4GALNT2 are primarily expressed in human normal colonic mucosa and are down-regulated to variable degrees in colon cancer.	Carbohydrates	9-21	beta-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	72-80
34397142-3	2021	High level of B4GALNT2 gene expression appears to be a good marker of prognosis in colon cancer; however, the molecular mechanisms regulating these carbohydrate antigens expression are still poorly understood.	Carbohydrates	148-160	beta-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	14-22
34879839-1	2021	During starvation, fasting, or a diet containing little digestible carbohydrates, the circulating insulin levels are decreased.	Carbohydrates	67-80	insulin	Homo sapiens	98-105
34880222-7	2021	DC-SIGN, MR and Dectin-2 bind to carbohydrates purified from P. aeruginosa biofilms, particularly the high molecular weight fraction (HMW; >132,000 Da), with KDs in the nM range.	Carbohydrates	33-46	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	0-7
34896253-6	2022	CDKN2C expression in SAT was inversely correlated with markers of hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and visceral adiposity and expression of genes in several metabolic pathways, including insulin signalling, fatty acid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	223-235	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2C	Homo sapiens	0-6
34944498-3	2021	We report here the first crystallographic information on the N-terminal extension of the carbohydrate recognition domain of rat galectin-5, which is precisely described as an N-tailed proto-type-like galectin.	Carbohydrates	89-101	galectin 5	Rattus norvegicus	128-138
34880222-8	2021	These HMW carbohydrates contain 74.9-80.9% mannose, display alpha-mannan segments, interfere with the endocytic activity of cell-associated DC-SIGN and MR and inhibit Dectin-2-mediated cellular activation.	Carbohydrates	10-23	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	140-147
34880222-9	2021	In addition, biofilm carbohydrates reduce the association of the DC-SIGN ligand Lewisx, but not fucose, to human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs), and alter moDC morphology without affecting early cytokine production in response to lipopolysaccharide or P. aeruginosa cultures.	Carbohydrates	21-34	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	65-72
34523784-2	2021	The  in vivo  activity of EPO is carbohydrate-dependent with the number of sialic acid residues regulating its circulatory half-life.	Carbohydrates	33-45	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	26-29
34830014-6	2021	A metabolomic analysis revealed that muscle down-regulation of Marf and Opa1 promotes a non-autonomous systemic metabolome reorganization, mainly affecting metabolites involved in the energetic homeostasis: carbohydrates, lipids and aminoacids.	Carbohydrates	207-220	OPA1 mitochondrial dynamin like GTPase	Homo sapiens	72-76
34737063-5	2021	Decreased Ado receptor (Ado-R) expression in the brain of infected bees resulted in a carbohydrate imbalance as well as impairments of glutamate-glutamine (Glu-Gln) cycle and long-term memory.	Carbohydrates	86-98	adenosine receptor A2b	Apis mellifera	10-29
34846578-4	2022	Primary human OA chondrocytes in vitro respond to carbohydrate-inhibitable Gal-4 binding with the upregulation of pro-degradative/-inflammatory proteins such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), as documented by RT-qPCR-based mRNA profiling and transcriptome data processing.	Carbohydrates	50-62	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	161-178
34846578-4	2022	Primary human OA chondrocytes in vitro respond to carbohydrate-inhibitable Gal-4 binding with the upregulation of pro-degradative/-inflammatory proteins such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), as documented by RT-qPCR-based mRNA profiling and transcriptome data processing.	Carbohydrates	50-62	matrix metallopeptidase 13	Homo sapiens	194-221
34846578-4	2022	Primary human OA chondrocytes in vitro respond to carbohydrate-inhibitable Gal-4 binding with the upregulation of pro-degradative/-inflammatory proteins such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), as documented by RT-qPCR-based mRNA profiling and transcriptome data processing.	Carbohydrates	50-62	matrix metallopeptidase 13	Homo sapiens	223-229
34959847-2	2021	An established modified citrus pectin (PectaSol , P-MCP), a dietary polysaccharide, is an established antagonist of galectin-3, a carbohydrate-binding protein involved in cancer pathogenesis.	Carbohydrates	130-142	CD46 molecule	Homo sapiens	52-55
34900786-2	2021	Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between carbohydrate quality index (CQI) and anthropometry, fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profile, systolic (SBP), and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).	Carbohydrates	67-79	D-box binding PAR bZIP transcription factor	Homo sapiens	194-197
34547133-8	2021	Current insulin-only AID systems still require carbohydrate and activity announcement (hybrid closed-loop) due to the inherent pharmacokinetic limitations of rapid-acting insulin analogies.	Carbohydrates	47-59	insulin	Homo sapiens	8-15
34101004-1	2021	PURPOSE: We previously reported beneficial glucoregulatory effects of a fully provided carbohydrate-reduced, high-protein (CRHP) diet in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a crossover 2 x 6-week trial, in which patients maintained their body weight.	Carbohydrates	87-99	cysteine rich protein 1	Homo sapiens	123-127
34959879-0	2021	Baseline Insulin Resistance Is a Determinant of the Small, Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Response to Diets Differing in Saturated Fat, Protein, and Carbohydrate Contents.	Carbohydrates	148-160	insulin	Homo sapiens	9-16
34810234-6	2021	IBSP microbiomes were enriched in Firmicutes and genes for amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism, but depleted in Bacteroidetes species.	Carbohydrates	74-86	integrin binding sialoprotein	Homo sapiens	0-4
34973620-0	2022	Dietary carbohydrate influences the colocalization pattern of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 with neurotensin in the chicken ileum.	Carbohydrates	8-20	neurotensin	Gallus gallus	91-102
34973620-2	2022	The present study was designed to clarify the influence of dietary carbohydrate (CHO) on the colocalization pattern of GLP-1 with NT in the chicken distal ileum.	Carbohydrates	67-79	neurotensin	Gallus gallus	130-132
34748320-5	2021	This pocket, located remotely of DC-SIGN"s carbohydrate bindings site, can be leveraged by heteromultivalent avidity enhancement.	Carbohydrates	43-55	CD209 molecule	Homo sapiens	33-40
34776021-10	2021	In conclusion, 250 mL of jabuticaba juice before a carbohydrate meal was able to improve the antioxidant status and GLP-1 concentrations in healthy subjects.	Carbohydrates	51-63	glucagon	Homo sapiens	116-121
34742239-9	2021	Moreover, branched-chain amino acids were linked to lipid, carbohydrate, amino acid and microbial metabolism, inferring a key role in obesity-associated insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	59-71	insulin	Homo sapiens	153-160
34769488-10	2021	Thus, ChREBP partly mimics the effects of carbohydrate, especially HFCS.	Carbohydrates	42-54	MLX interacting protein-like	Mus musculus	6-12
34769488-11	2021	The relationship between carbohydrate intake and diseases partly resembles those between ChREBP activity and diseases.	Carbohydrates	25-37	MLX interacting protein-like	Mus musculus	89-95
34769488-0	2021	The Roles of Carbohydrate Response Element Binding Protein in the Relationship between Carbohydrate Intake and Diseases.	Carbohydrates	87-99	MLX interacting protein-like	Mus musculus	13-58
34725012-9	2021	Carbohydrate intake interacted with the SNP PLIN1 11482 G>A to modulate waist circumference (WC) and the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance index.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	137-144
34827634-4	2021	Our results showed that Gal1 binds to Yops in a carbohydrate-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	48-60	galectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-28
34805272-1	2021	The alpha-gal epitope is a carbohydrate antigen which appeared early in mammalian evolution and is synthesized in large amounts by the glycosylation enzyme alpha1,3galactosyltransferase (alpha1,3GT) in non-primate mammals, lemurs, and New-World monkeys.	Carbohydrates	27-39	BCL2 related protein A1	Homo sapiens	187-197
34569273-0	2021	Acute Carbohydrate Overfeeding: A Redox Model of Insulin Action and Its Impact on Metabolic Dysfunction in Humans.	Carbohydrates	6-18	insulin	Homo sapiens	49-56
34271220-2	2021	The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of RAMP2 on GCGR trafficking and signalling in the liver, where glucagon (GCG) is important for carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	151-163	glucagon	Homo sapiens	119-127
34132491-2	2021	Insulin resistance is associated with: 1) a metabolic inflexibility characterized by a reduced impaired switching from free fatty acid (FA) to carbohydrate substrates and 2) an ectopic accumulation of triglyceride (TG) in skeletal muscle, generating a cellular "lipotoxicity", but TG per se, does not contribute to insulin resistance ("athlete"s paradox").	Carbohydrates	143-155	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
34251692-6	2021	Five studies gave an additional 30-43% of the insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio (ICR) for 32-50g of fat and 31-51% ICR for 7-35g of fat with 12-27g of protein added to control meals.	Carbohydrates	57-69	insulin	Homo sapiens	46-53
34543981-1	2021	Galectin-9 is a member of the galectin family of proteins, which were first identified to specifically bind to carbohydrates containing beta-galactosides.	Carbohydrates	111-124	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	0-10
34271220-2	2021	The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of RAMP2 on GCGR trafficking and signalling in the liver, where glucagon (GCG) is important for carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	151-163	glucagon	Homo sapiens	129-132
34635373-5	2021	MenA free saccharide generation was accelerated to approximately 30% in the liquid presentation and MenA polysaccharide O-acetylation was reduced to approximately 40%, according to a controlled procedure.	Carbohydrates	10-20	ENAH actin regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
34385064-6	2021	The change in expression of genes (ndufs4, Sdhalpha, and uqcrc2) involved in the mitochondrial respiratory complexes, and genes (polg1 and tk2) involved in the mitochondrial DNA replication and transcription indicates that these adverse effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism are caused by mitochondrial dysfunction.	Carbohydrates	248-260	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit S4	Danio rerio	35-41
34385064-6	2021	The change in expression of genes (ndufs4, Sdhalpha, and uqcrc2) involved in the mitochondrial respiratory complexes, and genes (polg1 and tk2) involved in the mitochondrial DNA replication and transcription indicates that these adverse effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism are caused by mitochondrial dysfunction.	Carbohydrates	248-260	thymidine kinase 2	Danio rerio	139-142
34703256-15	2021	In insulin-resistant HepG2 cells, ANGPTL8/betatrophin knockout exerted an effect on the amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, lipid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and genetic information processing pathway.	Carbohydrates	111-123	angiopoietin-like 8	Mus musculus	42-53
34721766-8	2021	The aim of this review was to provide an update of the latest advances in knowledge on the application of carbohydrates, proteins, cell-free nucleic acids, circulating tumor cells, metabolome compounds, exosomes, and platelets in blood as potential biomarkers for PC, focusing on their clinical relevance and potential for improving patient outcomes.	Carbohydrates	106-119	pyruvate carboxylase	Homo sapiens	264-266
34684775-3	2021	Here, we report an effective process that combines highly efficient chemoenzymatic synthesis of carbohydrates, production of carbohydrate-bovine serum albumin (glycan-BSA) conjugates using a squarate linker, and convenient immobilization of the resulting neoglycoproteins on carboxylate-coated fluorescent magnetic beads for the development of a suspension multiplex array platform.	Carbohydrates	125-137	albumin	Homo sapiens	145-158
34468401-1	2021	PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review outlines recent research in the application of low carbohydrate diets (LCD) for insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (MetS).	Carbohydrates	82-94	insulin	Homo sapiens	111-118
34684559-1	2021	Carbohydrate counting (CHC) is the established form of calculating bolus insulin for meals in children with type 1 diabetes (T1DM).	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	73-80
34614379-6	2022	After storage, the MenA free saccharide (FS) level was approximately 25% and O-acetylation was approximately 45%.	Carbohydrates	29-39	ENAH actin regulator	Homo sapiens	19-23
34671319-11	2021	1029 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 45 potential HIF-1 target genes, were annotated in regulatory pathways that modulate cellular function and maintenance, cell death and survival, and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	203-215	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	67-72
34320745-4	2021	However, the drop in EHE due to the addition of HML was consequent on beta-GL deactivation that was because the binding site of HML and beta-GL overlapped with the carbohydrate binding domain of beta-GL, causing the decrease in beta-GL activity compared with CQL.	Carbohydrates	164-176	amylo-alpha-1, 6-glucosidase, 4-alpha-glucanotransferase	Homo sapiens	70-77
34320745-4	2021	However, the drop in EHE due to the addition of HML was consequent on beta-GL deactivation that was because the binding site of HML and beta-GL overlapped with the carbohydrate binding domain of beta-GL, causing the decrease in beta-GL activity compared with CQL.	Carbohydrates	164-176	amylo-alpha-1, 6-glucosidase, 4-alpha-glucanotransferase	Homo sapiens	195-202
34320745-4	2021	However, the drop in EHE due to the addition of HML was consequent on beta-GL deactivation that was because the binding site of HML and beta-GL overlapped with the carbohydrate binding domain of beta-GL, causing the decrease in beta-GL activity compared with CQL.	Carbohydrates	164-176	amylo-alpha-1, 6-glucosidase, 4-alpha-glucanotransferase	Homo sapiens	228-235
34562778-1	2021	Transferrin is a glycoprotein containing two bi- or tri-antennary carbohydrate chains ending with sialic acid.	Carbohydrates	66-78	transferrin	Homo sapiens	0-11
34508778-1	2021	The hepatic carbohydrate-recognizing asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGR1) mediates the endocytosis/lysosomal degradation of desialylated glycoproteins following binding to terminal galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine.	Carbohydrates	12-24	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	66-71
34572351-11	2021	Carbohydrate restriction/fasting/ketosis increases beta-oxidation, ketolysis, NAD+-dependent antioxidant activity, osteocyte viability and osteocalcin, and decreases excess insulin exposure.	Carbohydrates	0-12	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein	Homo sapiens	139-150
34685512-0	2021	Towards Understanding the Direct and Indirect Actions of Growth Hormone in Controlling Hepatocyte Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism.	Carbohydrates	98-110	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	57-71
34685512-5	2021	This review will specifically focus on our current understanding of the direct and indirect actions of GH to control liver (hepatocyte) carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the context of normal fasting (sleep) and feeding (wake) cycles and in response to prolonged nutrient deprivation and excess.	Carbohydrates	136-148	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	103-105
34503597-10	2021	Plasma GIP concentrations are likely related to differences in GER and carbohydrate absorption.	Carbohydrates	71-83	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	7-10
34572020-3	2021	Here, we review accumulating evidence of such adaptions in carbohydrate and creatine metabolism and other HIF-1-independent mechanisms that might allow cancers to survive hypoxia despite anti-HIF-1 therapy.	Carbohydrates	59-71	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	192-197
34130346-5	2021	Together, these carbohydrate chains account for 20% of VWF monomeric mass, and have been shown to modulate VWF structure, function, and half-life.	Carbohydrates	16-28	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	55-58
34130346-5	2021	Together, these carbohydrate chains account for 20% of VWF monomeric mass, and have been shown to modulate VWF structure, function, and half-life.	Carbohydrates	16-28	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	107-110
34684300-4	2021	Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and T2D are conditions strongly associated with insulin resistance, a condition exacerbated by increased dietary carbohydrate and improved by restricting carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	142-154	insulin	Homo sapiens	77-84
34684300-4	2021	Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and T2D are conditions strongly associated with insulin resistance, a condition exacerbated by increased dietary carbohydrate and improved by restricting carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	183-195	insulin	Homo sapiens	77-84
34684300-5	2021	Low-carbohydrate diets are grounded across the time-span of human evolution, have well-established biochemical principles, and are now supported by multiple clinical trials in humans that demonstrate consistent improvements in multiple established risk factors associated with insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease.	Carbohydrates	4-16	insulin	Homo sapiens	277-284
34765394-5	2021	The glycosylation of a MPI-CDG patient during pregnancy without mannose supplementation was studied using carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) assay, transferrin isoelectrofocusing (IEF) and mass spectrometry of total serum N-glycans.	Carbohydrates	106-118	transferrin	Homo sapiens	129-140
34369624-5	2021	Among these, the p53-responsive carbohydrate metabolic genes Tp53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) and Cytochrome C Oxidase assembly protein 2 (SCO2), which are the key regulators of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation respectively, are under direct regulation of TCF19.	Carbohydrates	32-44	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	17-20
34087240-9	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Novel TNNT2-rs397516484, MYH6-rs372446459, and MYBPC3-rs786204339 are pathogenic sarcomere gene mutations in familial HCM, leading to decreased cardiac function and metabolic disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism, which have important implications for biologically defined diagnoses and precision medicine.	Carbohydrates	204-216	troponin T2, cardiac type	Homo sapiens	19-24
34714284-5	2021	Furthermore, Smad7 was negatively associated with serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level.	Carbohydrates	56-68	SMAD family member 7	Homo sapiens	13-18
34582357-8	2021	Importantly, prior to fat accumulation, male GhsrM/M rats preferentially used carbohydrates as fuel substrate without alterations of energy intake, energy expenditure or physical activity and showed alterations of the GHSR system (i.e. enhanced ratio of GHSR hormones LEAP2:acyl-ghrelin and increased Ghsr expression in the hypothalamus).	Carbohydrates	78-91	liver enriched antimicrobial peptide 2	Rattus norvegicus	268-273
34604014-13	2021	In the PCOS group, a positive correlation was found between BMI and leptin concentration (r = 0.7176; p < 0.0001) and carbohydrate metabolism, such as insulin (r = 0.5524; p = 0.0003), glucose (r = 0.3843; p = 0.0157), HOMA-IR (r = 0.5895; p < 0.0001), and IRI/glucose (r = 0.3872; p = 0.0163).	Carbohydrates	118-130	insulin	Homo sapiens	151-158
34487977-9	2021	Mixed-effects model repeated measures analysis and effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals showed that postprandial GHR and insulin were lower and GLP-1 was higher following the ketogenic versus the standard and high-carbohydrate meals.	Carbohydrates	219-231	insulin	Homo sapiens	126-133
34487977-9	2021	Mixed-effects model repeated measures analysis and effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals showed that postprandial GHR and insulin were lower and GLP-1 was higher following the ketogenic versus the standard and high-carbohydrate meals.	Carbohydrates	219-231	glucagon	Homo sapiens	149-154
34232076-2	2021	To define immunoreactive and potentially immunogenic carbohydrate targets of Vibrio cholerae O139, we assessed immunoreactivities of various O-specific polysaccharide (OSP)-related saccharides with plasma from humans hospitalized with cholera caused by O139, comparing responses to those induced in recipients of a commercial oral whole-cell killed bivalent (O1 and O139) cholera vaccine (WC-O1/O139).	Carbohydrates	181-192	claudin 11	Homo sapiens	168-171
34087214-7	2021	Except myo-inositol, all polyols decreased RGS L106R aggregation, with carbohydrates exerting the strongest inhibition.	Carbohydrates	71-84	paired like homeodomain 2	Homo sapiens	43-46
34759769-0	2021	Preparation and Analysis of alpha-1,6 Glucan as a Slowly Digestible Carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	68-80	BCL2 related protein A1	Homo sapiens	28-35
34458301-0	2021	Clinical Use of a Real-World Low Carbohydrate Diet Resulting in Reduction of Insulin Dose, Hemoglobin A1c, and Weight.	Carbohydrates	33-45	insulin	Homo sapiens	77-84
34339344-6	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Genetic variations at the rs7412, dietary fat, SFA, and carbohydrate intake and the interaction between APOE gene polymorphisms and carbohydrate intake are associated with dyslipidemia in Yao nationality people.	Carbohydrates	145-157	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	117-121
34447776-3	2021	Carbohydrate-restricted diets have been used effectively to treat obesity and T2DM for over 100 years, and their effectiveness may simply be due to lowering the dietary contribution to glucose and insulin levels, which then leads to improvements in hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	197-204
34443333-1	2021	The latest data link the chronic consumption of large amounts of fructose present in food with the generation of hypertension and disturbances in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, which promote the development of obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	146-158	insulin	Homo sapiens	258-265
34360882-0	2021	Proteins Binding to the Carbohydrate HNK-1: Common Origins?	Carbohydrates	24-36	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	37-42
34252459-6	2021	Meanwhile, SCARA4, a SR-A member with a carbohydrate recognition domain instead of the SRCR domain at the C-terminus, shows low affinity for modified LDL and VLDL, but binds in a Ca2+-independent manner.	Carbohydrates	40-52	collectin subfamily member 12	Homo sapiens	11-17
34360882-1	2021	The human natural killer (HNK-1) carbohydrate plays important roles during nervous system development, regeneration after trauma and synaptic plasticity.	Carbohydrates	33-45	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	26-31
34288838-3	2022	Insulin is the peptide hormone (anabolic) that regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.	Carbohydrates	75-88	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
34440102-7	2021	Beneficial, multidirectional actions of LTF during pregnancy encompass, in addition, inhibition of oxidative stress, normalization of intestine and genital tract microbiota and carbohydrate-lipid metabolism, protection of intestine barrier function, promotion of wound healing, as well as hypotensive, analgesic and antistress actions.	Carbohydrates	177-189	lactotransferrin	Homo sapiens	40-43
34326956-6	2021	WE-14, CgA10-19, and CgA43-52 are peptide derivates of CgA, and act as CD4+ or CD8+ autoantigens in type 1 diabetes, whereas pancreastatin (PST) and catestatin have regulatory effects in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	187-199	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	149-159
34212193-0	2021	Correction: Mobility shift-based electrophoresis coupled with fluorescent detection enables real-time enzyme analysis of carbohydrate sulfatase activity.	Carbohydrates	121-133	arylsulfatase family member H	Homo sapiens	134-143
34299350-1	2021	Leptin is a cytokine that regulates appetite and energy expenditure, where in fishes it is primarily produced in the liver and acts to mobilize carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	144-157	leptin	Oncorhynchus mykiss	0-6
34357155-0	2021	Clinical Significance of Gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase Combined with Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin for the Assessment of Excessive Alcohol Consumption in Patients with Alcoholic Cirrhosis.	Carbohydrates	68-80	transferrin	Homo sapiens	91-102
34272452-6	2021	Both gene ontology (GO) and The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses demonstrated that CTSA co-expressed genes were involved in ATP hydrolysis coupled proton transport, carbohydrate metabolic process, lysosome organization, oxidative phosphorylation, other glycan degradation, etc.	Carbohydrates	188-200	cathepsin A	Homo sapiens	106-110
34336926-0	2021	Regulation of Carbohydrate-Responsive Metabolic Genes by Histone Acetylation and the Acetylated Histone Reader BRD4 in the Gene Body Region.	Carbohydrates	14-26	bromodomain containing 4	Homo sapiens	111-115
34336926-2	2021	Carbohydrate intake-mediated induction of metabolic gene expression is regulated by histone acetylation and the histone acetylation reader bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) on the gene body region, which corresponds to the transcribed region of the gene.	Carbohydrates	0-12	bromodomain containing 4	Homo sapiens	173-177
34336926-3	2021	In this review, we introduce carbohydrate-responsive metabolic gene regulation by (i) transcription factors and epigenetic memory in promoter/enhancer regions (promoter/enhancer-based epigenetics), and (ii) histone acetylation and BRD4 in the gene body region (gene body-based epigenetics).	Carbohydrates	29-41	bromodomain containing 4	Homo sapiens	231-235
34336926-7	2021	In contrast, expression of carbohydrate-responsive metabolic genes and/or histone acetylation and BRD4 binding in the gene body region of these genes, are upregulated in the small intestine, liver, and peripheral leukocytes (innate leukocytes) under insulin resistant and/or diabetic conditions.	Carbohydrates	27-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	250-257
34336926-8	2021	In conclusion, histone acetylation and BRD4 binding in the gene body region as well as transcription factor binding in promoter/enhancer regions regulate the expression of carbohydrate-responsive metabolic genes in many metabolic organs.	Carbohydrates	172-184	bromodomain containing 4	Homo sapiens	39-43
34336926-9	2021	Insulin resistant and diabetic conditions induce the development of metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, by reducing the expression of BRD4-targeted carbohydrate-responsive metabolic genes in white adipose tissue and by inducing the expression of BRD4-targeted carbohydrate-responsive metabolic genes in the liver, small intestine, and innate leukocytes including monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils.	Carbohydrates	159-171	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
34336926-9	2021	Insulin resistant and diabetic conditions induce the development of metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, by reducing the expression of BRD4-targeted carbohydrate-responsive metabolic genes in white adipose tissue and by inducing the expression of BRD4-targeted carbohydrate-responsive metabolic genes in the liver, small intestine, and innate leukocytes including monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils.	Carbohydrates	159-171	bromodomain containing 4	Homo sapiens	145-149
34336926-9	2021	Insulin resistant and diabetic conditions induce the development of metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, by reducing the expression of BRD4-targeted carbohydrate-responsive metabolic genes in white adipose tissue and by inducing the expression of BRD4-targeted carbohydrate-responsive metabolic genes in the liver, small intestine, and innate leukocytes including monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils.	Carbohydrates	271-283	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
34336926-9	2021	Insulin resistant and diabetic conditions induce the development of metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, by reducing the expression of BRD4-targeted carbohydrate-responsive metabolic genes in white adipose tissue and by inducing the expression of BRD4-targeted carbohydrate-responsive metabolic genes in the liver, small intestine, and innate leukocytes including monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils.	Carbohydrates	271-283	bromodomain containing 4	Homo sapiens	257-261
34190262-4	2021	The differential trends of the R1 or tauc ratio for D2O and TFE (in the presence and absence of carbohydrates) revealed that both beta-CD and glucose undergo selective solvation by TFE in comparison to D2O.	Carbohydrates	96-109	ACD shelterin complex subunit and telomerase recruitment factor	Homo sapiens	130-137
34214075-7	2021	We determined that Gpa2 is primarily involved in regulating carbohydrate metabolism while Asc1 is primarily involved in amino acid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	60-72	guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	19-23
34251339-5	2021	The proteomic profiling of E2F-deficient muscle and fat body revealed that E2F regulates carbohydrate metabolism, a conclusion further supported by metabolomic profiling.	Carbohydrates	89-101	E2F transcription factor 1	Drosophila melanogaster	27-30
34251339-5	2021	The proteomic profiling of E2F-deficient muscle and fat body revealed that E2F regulates carbohydrate metabolism, a conclusion further supported by metabolomic profiling.	Carbohydrates	89-101	E2F transcription factor 1	Drosophila melanogaster	75-78
34297497-5	2021	End products of glycation (AGE) are a variety of compounds formed as a result of a non-enzymatic reaction between carbohydrates and free amino groups of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.	Carbohydrates	114-127	renin binding protein	Homo sapiens	27-30
34153217-8	2021	Now ChREBP is recognized as the masterregulator controlling conversion of excess carbohydrates to storage of fat in the liver.	Carbohydrates	81-94	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	4-10
33871420-4	2021	Sustained carbohydrate overfeeding therefore results in a chronic accumulation of lipid in the liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, which can impair insulin sensitivity and cardiometabolic health in general.	Carbohydrates	10-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	155-162
34206471-1	2021	The functional FABP2 Ala54Thr polymorphism (rs1799883) is strongly associated with lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, although the function of its potential modifying effect on training-induced changes in obesity-related parameters is still unknown.	Carbohydrates	93-105	fatty acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	15-20
34203067-5	2021	Among these, carbohydrate catabolic process-related genes (PPP1R3B, PRPS2, ALDOC), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and lipolysis-related genes (PLIN1) were upregulated, while the carbohydrate biosynthetic process-related genes (PCK1) and most amino acid metabolism-related genes were downregulated.	Carbohydrates	13-25	perilipin 1	Sus scrofa	140-145
34203067-7	2021	Among these, carbohydrate metabolism-related genes (IGF1, LEP, SLC2A4) and lipolysis-related genes (LPL) were upregulated, while lipolysis-related genes (ANGPTL4) and most amino acid metabolism-related genes were downregulated.	Carbohydrates	13-25	IGF1	Sus scrofa	52-56
34203067-7	2021	Among these, carbohydrate metabolism-related genes (IGF1, LEP, SLC2A4) and lipolysis-related genes (LPL) were upregulated, while lipolysis-related genes (ANGPTL4) and most amino acid metabolism-related genes were downregulated.	Carbohydrates	13-25	leptin	Sus scrofa	58-61
34203067-7	2021	Among these, carbohydrate metabolism-related genes (IGF1, LEP, SLC2A4) and lipolysis-related genes (LPL) were upregulated, while lipolysis-related genes (ANGPTL4) and most amino acid metabolism-related genes were downregulated.	Carbohydrates	13-25	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Sus scrofa	63-69
34290045-7	2021	Rather these findings are better explained as a direct consequence of postmenopausal women with features of insulin resistance (IR) eating a low-fat high-carbohydrate diet for 13 years.	Carbohydrates	154-166	insulin	Homo sapiens	108-115
34220716-2	2021	Insulin is an anabolic hormone that regulates the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins in adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle.	Carbohydrates	72-85	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
34100341-3	2021	Diverse dietary patterns including caloric restriction, fasting, high-fat diets, ketogenic diets and high-carbohydrate diets as well as other nutrients control intestinal stem cell self-renewal and differentiation through nutrient-sensing pathways such as mTOR and AMPK.	Carbohydrates	106-118	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	256-260
34072910-10	2021	These results suggest that reducing maternal energy, carbohydrate, fat and sugar intake over a 2-week period is associated with significant reductions in HM insulin, leptin and adiponectin concentrations.	Carbohydrates	53-65	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	177-188
34135905-1	2021	Background: Lewis antigens such as Sialyl Lewis A (sLeA), Sialyl Lewis X (sLeX), Lewis X (LeX), and Lewis Y (LeY) are a class of carbohydrate molecules that are known to mediate adhesion between tumor cells and endothelium by interacting with its selectin ligands.	Carbohydrates	129-141	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	65-72
34135905-1	2021	Background: Lewis antigens such as Sialyl Lewis A (sLeA), Sialyl Lewis X (sLeX), Lewis X (LeX), and Lewis Y (LeY) are a class of carbohydrate molecules that are known to mediate adhesion between tumor cells and endothelium by interacting with its selectin ligands.	Carbohydrates	129-141	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	81-88
34071431-8	2021	Through the BMR measurements, peak carbohydrate metabolism changed significantly based upon IL-6 values, which were significantly correlated with the respiratory coefficient values.	Carbohydrates	35-47	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	92-96
34072093-0	2021	Carbohydrate Restriction with or without Exercise Training Improves Blood Pressure and Insulin Sensitivity in Overweight Women.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	87-94
34072093-9	2021	CONCLUSIONS: The short-term carbohydrate restriction diet caused significant weight loss and improved blood pressure and insulin sensitivity in the overweight/obese women, although the combination with exercise training had no additional benefits on the examined cardiometabolic profiles.	Carbohydrates	28-40	insulin	Homo sapiens	121-128
35473659-4	2022	By using development and clinical stability data, statistical models were built and used to predict both the MenA free saccharide (FS) and O-Acetyl (OAc) content during long-term storage conditions at 5  C and stressed (accelerated) stability studies at 15  C, 22.5  C, 25  C, 37  C and 50  C. This approach allowed us to define an aging plan for the clinical material to reach at least the required levels of MenA FS and OAc levels at product EoSL.	Carbohydrates	119-129	ENAH actin regulator	Homo sapiens	109-113
34067585-1	2021	We previously observed beneficial effects of a carbohydrate-reduced, high-protein (CRHP) diet on cardiovascular risk markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a crossover 2 x 6-week trial, when all food was provided to subjects as ready-to-eat meals.	Carbohydrates	47-59	cysteine rich protein 1	Homo sapiens	83-87
34104396-1	2021	Background: Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy can affect carbohydrate metabolism and lead to impaired glucose tolerance during treatment.	Carbohydrates	71-83	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	30-44
34104331-0	2021	The chronotype conjecture in the association between dietary carbohydrate intake and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP): a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2015 data.	Carbohydrates	61-73	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	102-120
34104331-0	2021	The chronotype conjecture in the association between dietary carbohydrate intake and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP): a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2015 data.	Carbohydrates	61-73	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	125-128
34104331-2	2021	The present study aims to assess the association between the dietary carbohydrate intake (DCI) and the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) combined with the implication of the chronotype.	Carbohydrates	69-81	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	120-138
34104331-2	2021	The present study aims to assess the association between the dietary carbohydrate intake (DCI) and the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) combined with the implication of the chronotype.	Carbohydrates	69-81	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	143-146
35488925-8	2022	Analysing candidate genes for liver fat and carbohydrate metabolism revealed that the expression of genes encoding glucocorticoid receptor (Gr; also known as Nr3c1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (Pgc1a; also known as Ppargc1a) was increased while DNA methylation of Gr exon 1A and Pgc1a promoter was decreased in the liver of male wild-type offspring of +/- eNOS fathers.	Carbohydrates	44-56	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1	Mus musculus	115-138
35488925-8	2022	Analysing candidate genes for liver fat and carbohydrate metabolism revealed that the expression of genes encoding glucocorticoid receptor (Gr; also known as Nr3c1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (Pgc1a; also known as Ppargc1a) was increased while DNA methylation of Gr exon 1A and Pgc1a promoter was decreased in the liver of male wild-type offspring of +/- eNOS fathers.	Carbohydrates	44-56	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1	Mus musculus	140-142
35373585-10	2022	Overall, absolute plasma concentrations of ET-1 following treatment with bosentan were significantly associated with kcal/day of fat (r=0.488, p=0.005), percentage of fat utilization (r=0.415, p=0.020), and inversely associated with the percentage of carbohydrates (r=-0.419, p=0.019), and respiratory exchange ratio (r=-0.407, p=0.023).	Carbohydrates	251-264	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	43-47
34071815-0	2021	Relationship of Carbohydrate Intake during a Single-Stage One-Day Ultra-Trail Race with Fatigue Outcomes and Gastrointestinal Problems: A Systematic Review.	Carbohydrates	16-28	TNF superfamily member 10	Homo sapiens	72-77
34069672-5	2021	Patients in tertiles indicative of high carbohydrate or low carbohydrate intake showed significant alteration of clinical parameters, such as hemoglobin, uric acid, albumin, total proteins, beta-2 microglobulin, percentage of plasmacytes in the bone marrow and D-dimers, compared to patients in the medium carbohydrate intake tertile.	Carbohydrates	40-52	albumin	Homo sapiens	165-172
34069672-5	2021	Patients in tertiles indicative of high carbohydrate or low carbohydrate intake showed significant alteration of clinical parameters, such as hemoglobin, uric acid, albumin, total proteins, beta-2 microglobulin, percentage of plasmacytes in the bone marrow and D-dimers, compared to patients in the medium carbohydrate intake tertile.	Carbohydrates	60-72	albumin	Homo sapiens	165-172
34259146-1	2021	Polysialic acid (polySia) is a unique carbohydrate polymer produced on the neuronal cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in many cancer cells.	Carbohydrates	38-50	neuronal cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	75-106
34259146-1	2021	Polysialic acid (polySia) is a unique carbohydrate polymer produced on the neuronal cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in many cancer cells.	Carbohydrates	38-50	neuronal cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	108-112
35379042-6	2022	Higher carbohydrate consumption at breakfast was associated with a significantly lower CRP vs. higher carbohydrate consumption at dinner (6.99, vs. 9.56 mg/L, respectively, p = .03).	Carbohydrates	7-19	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	87-90
35411365-6	2022	Carbohydrates and amino acids showed moderate to strong correlations with daf-2 and akt-1 (negative), as well as daf-16, sod-3, hsp-16.2, and hsf-1 (positive).	Carbohydrates	0-13	Insulin-like receptor subunit beta;Protein kinase domain-containing protein;Receptor protein-tyrosine kinase	Caenorhabditis elegans	74-79
35235641-1	2022	OBJECTIVE: The carbohydrate-insulin model (CIM) claims that chronic exposure to hyperinsulinemia induced by dietary carbohydrates explains development of obesity via direct effects of insulin and/or low postprandial metabolic fuel levels.	Carbohydrates	15-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	28-35
35235641-1	2022	OBJECTIVE: The carbohydrate-insulin model (CIM) claims that chronic exposure to hyperinsulinemia induced by dietary carbohydrates explains development of obesity via direct effects of insulin and/or low postprandial metabolic fuel levels.	Carbohydrates	15-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	184-191
35235641-1	2022	OBJECTIVE: The carbohydrate-insulin model (CIM) claims that chronic exposure to hyperinsulinemia induced by dietary carbohydrates explains development of obesity via direct effects of insulin and/or low postprandial metabolic fuel levels.	Carbohydrates	116-129	insulin	Homo sapiens	28-35
35235641-1	2022	OBJECTIVE: The carbohydrate-insulin model (CIM) claims that chronic exposure to hyperinsulinemia induced by dietary carbohydrates explains development of obesity via direct effects of insulin and/or low postprandial metabolic fuel levels.	Carbohydrates	116-129	insulin	Homo sapiens	184-191
35338888-1	2022	BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Hybrid automated insulin delivery systems rely on carbohydrate counting to improve postprandial control in type 1 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	76-88	insulin	Homo sapiens	43-50
35598813-6	2022	Mechanistically, by selectively binding to the conserved carbohydrate-recognition domain of galectin-1 and disrupting the interaction between galectin-1 and the receptor for activated protein C kinase 1, Bruceine A was found to inhibit galectin-1-mediated inflammatory signal transduction under high glucose stress in rat mesangial HBZY-1 cells.	Carbohydrates	57-69	galectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	92-102
35598813-6	2022	Mechanistically, by selectively binding to the conserved carbohydrate-recognition domain of galectin-1 and disrupting the interaction between galectin-1 and the receptor for activated protein C kinase 1, Bruceine A was found to inhibit galectin-1-mediated inflammatory signal transduction under high glucose stress in rat mesangial HBZY-1 cells.	Carbohydrates	57-69	galectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	236-246
35576534-2	2022	Older adults are at risk of pulmonary aspiration and hyperglycemia after consuming carbohydrate drinks because of increased insulin resistance and delayed gastric emptying.	Carbohydrates	83-95	insulin	Homo sapiens	124-131
35565871-0	2022	Modulation of Dyslipidemia Markers Apo B/Apo A and Triglycerides/HDL-Cholesterol Ratios by Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet in a Rat Model of Metabolic Syndrome.	Carbohydrates	95-107	apolipoprotein B	Rattus norvegicus	35-40
35629915-1	2022	The impaired hepatic lipids and carbohydrates metabolism result in various metabolic disorders, including obesity, diabetes, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia and metabolic syndrome.	Carbohydrates	32-45	insulin	Homo sapiens	125-132
35388616-4	2022	We discovered microglial co-expression network modules associated with age, sex, and APOE-epsilon4 that are enriched for lipid and carbohydrate metabolism genes.	Carbohydrates	131-143	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	85-89
35535979-10	2022	In participants with high-carbohydrate/low-fat diets and low vitamin D intakes, those with High-PRS had a higher risk of serum CRP concentrations than those with Low-PRS.	Carbohydrates	26-38	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	127-130
35629924-5	2022	From findings obtained from different experimental models, we now have strong indications for a role for both Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1 (SGLT1) and the K+ATP channel in carbohydrate-induced GLP-1 secretion.	Carbohydrates	172-184	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Homo sapiens	110-138
35629924-5	2022	From findings obtained from different experimental models, we now have strong indications for a role for both Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1 (SGLT1) and the K+ATP channel in carbohydrate-induced GLP-1 secretion.	Carbohydrates	172-184	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Homo sapiens	140-145
32445903-10	2022	Additionally, carbohydrate provision may attenuate and improve dribbling performance during ET.	Carbohydrates	14-26	major facilitator superfamily domain containing 11	Homo sapiens	92-94
35500733-6	2022	These include: insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and abdominal obesity caused by a diet rich in refined carbohydrates and saturated fats.	Carbohydrates	118-131	insulin	Homo sapiens	15-22
35625744-6	2022	Bioinformatic analysis of the interactions of immunohistochemical markers of gliomas and carbohydrate metabolism enzymes using the databases of STRING, BioGrid, and Signor revealed the presence of biologically significant interactions with glycogen synthase kinase 3beta, hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and transketolase.	Carbohydrates	89-101	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	272-282
35558997-7	2022	In conclusion, carbohydrate drinks provide great advantages by reducing discomfort, such as pain or thirst, during fasting in patients after colon cancer surgery, helping patients to eat comfortably and actively, minimizing insulin resistance, maintaining nitrogen balance, and reducing infection and anastomosis leakage.	Carbohydrates	15-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	224-231
35625744-6	2022	Bioinformatic analysis of the interactions of immunohistochemical markers of gliomas and carbohydrate metabolism enzymes using the databases of STRING, BioGrid, and Signor revealed the presence of biologically significant interactions with glycogen synthase kinase 3beta, hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and transketolase.	Carbohydrates	89-101	transketolase	Homo sapiens	323-336
35557724-10	2022	We also found that in the B. cinerea, which infected the iqd1-1 mutant, the most abundant upregulated group of proteins is involved in the degradation of complex carbohydrates, as correlated with the sensitivity of this mutant.	Carbohydrates	162-175	IQ-domain 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	57-61
35474028-2	2022	In response to high glucose conditions, ChREBP regulates glycolytic and lipogenic genes by binding to carbohydrate response elements (ChoRE) in the regulatory region of its target genes, thus elucidating the role of ChREBP for converting excessively ingested carbohydrates to fatty acids as an energy storage in lipogenic tissues such as the liver and adipose tissue.	Carbohydrates	102-114	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	40-46
35474028-2	2022	In response to high glucose conditions, ChREBP regulates glycolytic and lipogenic genes by binding to carbohydrate response elements (ChoRE) in the regulatory region of its target genes, thus elucidating the role of ChREBP for converting excessively ingested carbohydrates to fatty acids as an energy storage in lipogenic tissues such as the liver and adipose tissue.	Carbohydrates	102-114	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	216-222
35474028-2	2022	In response to high glucose conditions, ChREBP regulates glycolytic and lipogenic genes by binding to carbohydrate response elements (ChoRE) in the regulatory region of its target genes, thus elucidating the role of ChREBP for converting excessively ingested carbohydrates to fatty acids as an energy storage in lipogenic tissues such as the liver and adipose tissue.	Carbohydrates	259-272	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	40-46
35474028-2	2022	In response to high glucose conditions, ChREBP regulates glycolytic and lipogenic genes by binding to carbohydrate response elements (ChoRE) in the regulatory region of its target genes, thus elucidating the role of ChREBP for converting excessively ingested carbohydrates to fatty acids as an energy storage in lipogenic tissues such as the liver and adipose tissue.	Carbohydrates	259-272	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	216-222
35558742-10	2022	Higher carbohydrates and lower fat intakes were independently associated with poorer glycemic control, less weight loss, and greater insulin secretion.	Carbohydrates	7-20	insulin	Homo sapiens	133-140
35558742-12	2022	Interaction and subgroup analyses demonstrated that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) was positively related to total energy (beta = 0.268, P = 0.033), carbohydrates intake, and insulin secretion (beta = 2,045.2, P = 0.003) only in the acarbose group, while systolic blood pressure (SBP) was negatively related to protein intake in the metformin group (beta = 23.21, P = 0.014).	Carbohydrates	150-163	glucagon	Homo sapiens	52-75
35558742-12	2022	Interaction and subgroup analyses demonstrated that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) was positively related to total energy (beta = 0.268, P = 0.033), carbohydrates intake, and insulin secretion (beta = 2,045.2, P = 0.003) only in the acarbose group, while systolic blood pressure (SBP) was negatively related to protein intake in the metformin group (beta = 23.21, P = 0.014).	Carbohydrates	150-163	glucagon	Homo sapiens	77-82
35558742-13	2022	The results of this study showed that metformin and acarbose mainly exerted different interactive effects with dietary energy, carbohydrate, and protein intakes on GLP-1 secretion, insulin release, and SBP.	Carbohydrates	127-139	glucagon	Homo sapiens	164-169
35400171-8	2022	Furthermore, fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations were significantly decreased in old mice, and the expression of the SCFA receptor Gpr41 in the colon was significantly correlated with the relative abundances of gut microbes and microbial carbohydrate metabolic pathways.	Carbohydrates	253-265	free fatty acid receptor 3	Mus musculus	146-151
35400171-15	2022	Alterations in microbial carbohydrate metabolism and decreased fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations were key features of aging and correlated with host colonic expression of the SCFA receptor Gpr41.	Carbohydrates	25-37	free fatty acid receptor 3	Mus musculus	206-211
35452190-4	2022	The mechanism of GIP secretion induced by nutrients, especially carbohydrates, is different from that of GLP-1 secretion.	Carbohydrates	64-77	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	17-20
35547009-1	2022	Orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 has been reported to be implicated in a diverse range of metabolic processes, including carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	118-130	nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1	Danio rerio	24-29
35460899-0	2022	Biological effect of dysregulated LBX1 on Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis through modulating muscle carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	100-112	ladybird homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	34-38
35436364-3	2022	Carbohydrate counting is considered the ideal way to calculate meal-related insulin doses since it allows greater flexibility in diet and could, in some people, reduce the burden of the disease.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	76-83
35462520-2	2022	In addition, a high carbohydrate diet can increase liver metabolic burden, increase mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, leading to oxidative stress, generate new fat during adenosine triphosphate synthesis, and thus resulting in ectopic fat accumulation, which further activate nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathway and release inflam- matory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, and so on.	Carbohydrates	20-32	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	366-393
35462520-2	2022	In addition, a high carbohydrate diet can increase liver metabolic burden, increase mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, leading to oxidative stress, generate new fat during adenosine triphosphate synthesis, and thus resulting in ectopic fat accumulation, which further activate nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathway and release inflam- matory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, and so on.	Carbohydrates	20-32	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	395-412
35462520-2	2022	In addition, a high carbohydrate diet can increase liver metabolic burden, increase mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, leading to oxidative stress, generate new fat during adenosine triphosphate synthesis, and thus resulting in ectopic fat accumulation, which further activate nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathway and release inflam- matory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, and so on.	Carbohydrates	20-32	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	425-429
35440411-3	2022	The Toll and Imd signaling pathways operate in organs such as fat body and gut that control host nutrient metabolism, and infections or genetic activation of Toll and Imd signaling also induce wide-ranging changes in host lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolism.	Carbohydrates	229-241	immune deficiency	Drosophila melanogaster	13-16
35440411-3	2022	The Toll and Imd signaling pathways operate in organs such as fat body and gut that control host nutrient metabolism, and infections or genetic activation of Toll and Imd signaling also induce wide-ranging changes in host lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolism.	Carbohydrates	229-241	immune deficiency	Drosophila melanogaster	167-170
35416756-7	2022	The membrane transport, amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism of SP1 were relatively enhanced, the replication and repair function of SP2 was relatively enhanced.	Carbohydrates	50-62	transcription factor Sp2	Ovis aries	146-149
35428212-10	2022	The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for irAEs indicated that the area under the curve (AUC) of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) was highest (0.692; P = 0.022), followed by that for the platelet count x serum C-reactive protein (P-CRP) value (0.680; P = 0.032).	Carbohydrates	110-122	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	225-243
35422650-11	2022	Conclusion: ALA normalizes lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in insulin-resistant rats.	Carbohydrates	37-49	insulin	Homo sapiens	64-71
35448763-1	2022	Sucrose synthase (SuSy) and fructokinase (FRK) work together to control carbohydrate flux in sink tissues.	Carbohydrates	72-84	sucrose synthase	Solanum lycopersicum	0-16
35448763-1	2022	Sucrose synthase (SuSy) and fructokinase (FRK) work together to control carbohydrate flux in sink tissues.	Carbohydrates	72-84	sucrose synthase	Solanum lycopersicum	18-22
35060066-0	2022	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin is a sensitive marker of alcohol consumption in fatty liver disease.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transferrin	Homo sapiens	23-34
35411133-1	2022	Aim: The aim of this study was to describe adolescents" experiences with diabetes self-management and the use of carbohydrate counting as a tool for calculating insulin doses in everyday life with type 1 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	113-125	insulin	Homo sapiens	161-168
35411133-9	2022	Some articulated that carbohydrate counting was appreciated as a suitable tool for dosing insulin and optimizing glycaemic control.	Carbohydrates	22-34	insulin	Homo sapiens	90-97
35568422-4	2022	METHODS: We re-analyzed baseline pretreatment meal-tolerance test data from 2 randomized controlled trials in which 32 patients consumed a mixed-macronutrient meal and self-administered a single dose of rapid-acting insulin individualized by carbohydrate counting.	Carbohydrates	242-254	insulin	Homo sapiens	216-223
35060066-3	2022	We evaluated the ratio of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin to total transferrin (%CDT) in patients with fatty liver disease, particularly focusing on its correlation with metabolic factors (UMIN000033550).	Carbohydrates	26-38	transferrin	Homo sapiens	49-60
35443491-7	2022	Although serum carbohydrate deficit transferrin is most specific biomarker for ALD, its an acute phase reactant, its valid only in Steatohepatitis, not in Cirrhosis.	Carbohydrates	15-27	transferrin	Homo sapiens	36-47
35123128-1	2022	OBJECTIVE: Transmembrane 4 L six family member 5 (TM4SF5) is likely involved in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, although its roles and cross-talks with glucose/fructose transporters in phenotypes derived from high-carbohydrate diets remain unexplored.	Carbohydrates	213-225	transmembrane 4 superfamily member 5	Mus musculus	11-48
35362476-2	2022	Insulin resistance is a core pathophysiologic mechanism that causes abnormal carbohydrate metabolism and atherogenic changes in circulating lipoprotein quantity and function.	Carbohydrates	77-89	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
35051651-4	2022	METHODS: We investigated how the choice for food rich in carbohydrate vs. fat is influenced by dietary cholesterol availability and agouti-related protein (AGRP), the orexigenic component of the central melanocortin system.	Carbohydrates	57-69	agouti related neuropeptide	Mus musculus	132-154
35051651-8	2022	Moreover, AgRP-deficient mice preferred to consume more calories from carbohydrates than fats, more so when each diet lacked cholesterol.	Carbohydrates	70-83	agouti related neuropeptide	Mus musculus	10-14
35123128-1	2022	OBJECTIVE: Transmembrane 4 L six family member 5 (TM4SF5) is likely involved in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, although its roles and cross-talks with glucose/fructose transporters in phenotypes derived from high-carbohydrate diets remain unexplored.	Carbohydrates	213-225	transmembrane 4 superfamily member 5	Mus musculus	50-56
35006328-1	2022	BACKGROUND: Preoperative carbohydrate treatment attenuates insulin resistance and improves metabolism to an anabolic state.	Carbohydrates	25-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	59-66
35006328-11	2022	CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative oral carbohydrate therapy increases glucose variability and insulin resistance in diabetic patients.	Carbohydrates	31-43	insulin	Homo sapiens	86-93
35333651-1	2022	SignificanceTirzepatide is a dual agonist of the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) and the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), which are incretin receptors that regulate carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	204-216	gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor	Homo sapiens	49-102
35531737-11	2022	As demonstrated by network pharmacology, the efficacy markers of Dachaihu Decoction regulated the inflammatory response by acting on MAPK and NF-kappaB signaling pathways, the carbohydrate metabolism by HIF-1 and PI3 K-AKT signaling pathways, and the lipid metabolism by AMPK and PI3 K-AKT signaling pathways.	Carbohydrates	176-188	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	219-222
35531737-11	2022	As demonstrated by network pharmacology, the efficacy markers of Dachaihu Decoction regulated the inflammatory response by acting on MAPK and NF-kappaB signaling pathways, the carbohydrate metabolism by HIF-1 and PI3 K-AKT signaling pathways, and the lipid metabolism by AMPK and PI3 K-AKT signaling pathways.	Carbohydrates	176-188	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	286-289
35333651-1	2022	SignificanceTirzepatide is a dual agonist of the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) and the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), which are incretin receptors that regulate carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	204-216	gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor	Homo sapiens	104-108
35208556-0	2022	The Role of Placental Growth Factor in the Prediction of Carbohydrate and Thyroid Disorders during Pregnancy.	Carbohydrates	57-69	placental growth factor	Homo sapiens	12-35
35215472-3	2022	Eating most calories and carbohydrates at lunch time and early afternoon, avoiding late evening dinner, and keeping consistent number of daily meals and relative times of eating occasions seem to play a pivotal role for postprandial glycemia and insulin sensitivity.	Carbohydrates	25-38	insulin	Homo sapiens	246-253
35215472-8	2022	Similarly, decreasing carbohydrates in meals also improves significantly glycemic and insulin responses, but the extent of this reduction should be individualized, patient-centered, and monitored.	Carbohydrates	22-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	86-93
35139169-1	2022	Comment on "The carbohydrate-insulin model: a physiological perspective on the obesity pandemic".	Carbohydrates	16-28	insulin	Homo sapiens	29-36
35316619-2	2022	This review discusses the current state of knowledge regarding the regulation of mTOR signaling and the metabolic regulation of the four macromolecular building blocks of the cell: carbohydrate, nucleic acid, lipid, and protein by mTOR.	Carbohydrates	181-193	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	231-235
35454311-3	2022	Insulin is a highly anabolic peptide hormone that regulates blood glucose levels by hastening cellular glucose uptake as well as controlling carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	141-153	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
35273230-2	2022	We propose that microRNA-378a (miR-378) alters carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in dystrophic mdx mice.	Carbohydrates	47-59	microRNA 378a	Mus musculus	16-29
35273230-2	2022	We propose that microRNA-378a (miR-378) alters carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in dystrophic mdx mice.	Carbohydrates	47-59	microRNA 378a	Mus musculus	31-38
34998917-3	2022	The dosing of short-acting insulin often involves several steps for the user including blood glucose measurement and integration of potential carbohydrate loads to inform safe and appropriate dosing.	Carbohydrates	142-154	insulin	Homo sapiens	27-34
34998917-5	2022	Through the application of computer vision, we have developed a smartphone-based system that is able to detect the carbohydrate load of food by simply taking a single image of the food and converting that information into a required insulin dose by incorporating a blood glucose measurement.	Carbohydrates	115-127	insulin	Homo sapiens	233-240
35410857-1	2022	BACKGROUND: Fibroblast growth factor 21 is a peptide primarily secreted by the liver in response to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha activation which plays an important role in regulating carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	204-216	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	12-39
35269724-4	2022	The relatively high binding affinity of the new compound to the carbohydrate recognition domain of two galectins, galectin 3 and galectin 9, its good antiproliferative and anti-migration activity towards melanoma cells, as well as its anti-angiogenesis properties, pave the way for its further development as an anticancer agent.	Carbohydrates	64-76	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	129-139
35135958-1	2022	Clec1A, a member of C-type lectin receptor family, has a carbohydrate recognition domain in its extracellular region, but no known signaling motif in the cytoplasmic domain.	Carbohydrates	57-69	C-type lectin domain family 1, member a	Mus musculus	0-6
35485584-7	2022	Carbohydrate regulation was improved in nischarin mutant rats, further supporting the conclusion that nischarin and I1R are 2 distinct molecular entities.	Carbohydrates	0-12	nischarin	Rattus norvegicus	116-119
35166506-7	2022	Lifestyle modification including a low-carbohydrate diet should be the first-line treatment for MODY1 and MODY3.	Carbohydrates	39-51	hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha	Homo sapiens	96-101
35166506-7	2022	Lifestyle modification including a low-carbohydrate diet should be the first-line treatment for MODY1 and MODY3.	Carbohydrates	39-51	HNF1 homeobox A	Homo sapiens	106-111
35190401-1	2022	INTRODUCTION: Insulin is a glucose-lowering hormone that affects carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism.	Carbohydrates	65-77	insulin	Homo sapiens	14-21
34907968-8	2022	SUMMARY: Dietary unsaturated fat and carbohydrate affect the metabolism of protein-defined HDL subspecies containing apoE or apoC3 accelerating or retarding reverse cholesterol transport, thus demonstrating new mechanisms that may link diet to HDL and to CHD.	Carbohydrates	37-49	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	117-121
35048526-10	2022	Finally, we provide data on the association between IGF-1 levels and the intake of proteins, carbohydrates, certain vitamins/minerals, and specific foods.	Carbohydrates	93-106	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	52-57
34999333-11	2022	Consumption of the carbohydrate counting combined with the DASH diet showed significant reduction in serum insulin levels and HOMA-IR score compared to carbohydrate counting group and control group.	Carbohydrates	19-31	insulin	Homo sapiens	107-114
34999333-14	2022	The number of women who were required to commence insulin therapy after dietary intervention was significantly lower in carbohydrate counting group and carbohydrate counting combined with DASH group (P = 0.026).	Carbohydrates	120-132	insulin	Homo sapiens	50-57
34999333-14	2022	The number of women who were required to commence insulin therapy after dietary intervention was significantly lower in carbohydrate counting group and carbohydrate counting combined with DASH group (P = 0.026).	Carbohydrates	152-164	insulin	Homo sapiens	50-57
35163521-9	2022	Increased energy intake via a high-fat diet and/or high-carbohydrate diet can upregulate gut-derived 5-HT synthesis via Tph1.	Carbohydrates	56-68	tryptophan hydroxylase 1	Mus musculus	120-124
35198887-3	2022	Nrf2 affected the proteome following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, with alterations in redox, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and innate immunity.	Carbohydrates	102-114	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
35057540-0	2022	Effect of Carbohydrate-Restricted Dietary Pattern on Insulin Treatment Rate, Lipid Metabolism and Nutritional Status in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes in Beijing, China.	Carbohydrates	10-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	53-60
35203491-4	2022	Several metabolic pathways are upregulated in EGFR TKI-resistant models modulating the levels of numerous metabolites such as lipids, carbohydrates, and metabolic enzymes which have been suggested as potential mediators of resistance to EGFR TKIs.	Carbohydrates	134-147	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	46-50
35203491-4	2022	Several metabolic pathways are upregulated in EGFR TKI-resistant models modulating the levels of numerous metabolites such as lipids, carbohydrates, and metabolic enzymes which have been suggested as potential mediators of resistance to EGFR TKIs.	Carbohydrates	134-147	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	237-241
35057540-2	2022	Carbohydrate-restricted dietary (CRD) pattern for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been widely used in clinics, but the change in insulin utilization rate beyond CRD intervention in GDM remains unclear.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	137-144
35094622-7	2022	Use of nasal glucagon was associated with reduced direct, indirect and combined costs of CAD 1,249, CAD 460 and CAD 1,709 per severe hypoglycemic event, respectively, due to avoided EMS call outs and hospital costs, resulting from a higher proportion of successful administrations.ConclusionsWhen a patient with type 1 or type 2 diabetes is being treated for a severe hypoglycemic event when impaired consciousness precludes treatment with oral carbohydrate, use of nasal glucagon was projected to be dominant versus injectable glucagon in Canada reducing costs and use of medical services.	Carbohydrates	445-457	glucagon	Homo sapiens	13-21
34417799-2	2022	Although rich carbohydrate diets may promote insulin resistance, few studies have examined their association with PF risk.	Carbohydrates	14-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	45-52
34417799-3	2022	This study aimed to investigate the spectrum of carbohydrate exposure, including carbohydrate intake (simple, complex, and total), glycemic load (measure of the diet-related insulin-demand), and adherence to a low-carbohydrate diet with the incident risk of PF in community-dwelling older adults.	Carbohydrates	48-60	insulin	Homo sapiens	174-181
34969852-3	2022	The mechanism involves Sod1-derived H2O2 oxidatively inactivating the glycolytic enzyme, GAPDH, which in turn reroutes carbohydrate flux to the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway (oxPPP) to generate NADPH.	Carbohydrates	119-131	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	23-27
34969852-3	2022	The mechanism involves Sod1-derived H2O2 oxidatively inactivating the glycolytic enzyme, GAPDH, which in turn reroutes carbohydrate flux to the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway (oxPPP) to generate NADPH.	Carbohydrates	119-131	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	89-94
34873890-8	2022	CONCLUSION: Cow"s milk protein in the diet was associated with increased intake of energy, proteins, carbohydrates, calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D, in addition to an increase in the Z-scores for weight-for-age and height-for-age.	Carbohydrates	101-114	casein beta	Bos taurus	18-30
2690958-10	1989	In normal metabolism, amylin could act in concert with insulin as a signal for the body to switch the site of carbohydrate disposal from glycogen to longer-term stores in adipose tissue, by making skeletal muscle relatively insulin-resistant, whilst at the same time leaving rates of insulin-stimulated carbohydrate metabolism in adipose tissue unaltered.	Carbohydrates	110-122	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	22-28
35528476-7	2022	This study demonstrated that the three phenolic compounds in the formula could work in distinct mechanisms and enhance both insulin-dependent and independent vesicles trafficking and glucose transport mechanisms to improve carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	223-235	insulin	Homo sapiens	124-131
2584235-3	1989	In euthyroid rats the mass of glucokinase mRNA increased 8-fold during the first 4 h of refeeding a high carbohydrate diet to 48-h starved rats.	Carbohydrates	105-117	glucokinase	Rattus norvegicus	30-41
2600091-11	1989	Sequential deglycosylation with neuraminidase, hexosaminidase, and O-glycanase yield a single Mr 58,000 peptide showing that, relative to a molecular mass of 110,000, the carbohydrate moiety of FAP accounts for at least 47% of its apparent Mr by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.	Carbohydrates	171-183	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	32-45
2690958-10	1989	In normal metabolism, amylin could act in concert with insulin as a signal for the body to switch the site of carbohydrate disposal from glycogen to longer-term stores in adipose tissue, by making skeletal muscle relatively insulin-resistant, whilst at the same time leaving rates of insulin-stimulated carbohydrate metabolism in adipose tissue unaltered.	Carbohydrates	303-315	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	22-28
2600091-11	1989	Sequential deglycosylation with neuraminidase, hexosaminidase, and O-glycanase yield a single Mr 58,000 peptide showing that, relative to a molecular mass of 110,000, the carbohydrate moiety of FAP accounts for at least 47% of its apparent Mr by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.	Carbohydrates	171-183	fibroblast activation protein alpha	Homo sapiens	194-197
2561054-1	1989	In this study carbohydrate-mediated interactions of the envelope glycoprotein, gp120, of HIV-1 were investigated.	Carbohydrates	14-26	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	79-84
2606106-3	1989	On the basis of the results concerning molecular mass determination and the carbohydrate analysis, it is concluded that the serotransferrin variant Tf 2a contains only one glycan while variants Tf 4b and Tf 5b contain two glycans.	Carbohydrates	76-88	serotransferrin	Equus caballus	124-139
2611695-4	1989	Results indicate that PVN CORT implants stimulate carbohydrate intake in ADX rats, at the onset of the dark cycle when the feeding-suppressive effects of ADX are strongest.	Carbohydrates	50-62	cortistatin	Rattus norvegicus	26-30
2808335-1	1989	The DNA sequences involved in control of S14 gene expression in response to carbohydrate have been studied.	Carbohydrates	76-88	thyroid hormone responsive	Homo sapiens	41-44
2477336-7	1989	These results are consistent with the idea that, in the cancer-associated mucin, premature termination of the carbohydrate side-chains results in the exposure of the SM-3 epitope.	Carbohydrates	110-122	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	74-79
2791964-1	1989	The objective of this study was to compare the effects of various nutrients (fats, proteins, amino acids, and carbohydrates), given directly into the duodenum or the colon, on the release of peptide-YY (PYY) in conscious dogs.	Carbohydrates	110-123	peptide YY	Canis lupus familiaris	203-206
2606911-7	1989	From these results, it is suggested that the membrane surface charge density and/or membrane potential of the intestinal brush-border membranes are susceptible to modification of carbohydrate moieties on the membrane surface by neuraminidase treatment.	Carbohydrates	179-191	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	228-241
2592561-1	1989	The human mannose-binding protein (MBP) is a multimeric serum protein that is divided into three domains, a cysteine-rich NH2-terminal domain that stabilizes the collagen alpha helix of the second domain and a third COOH-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	230-242	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	10-33
2770278-1	1989	Fructose 1,6-diphosphate (FDP) has been shown to attenuate tissue injury associated with ischemia and shock by enhancing the anaerobic carbohydrate utilization and by inhibiting oxygen-free-radical generation by the neutrophils.	Carbohydrates	135-147	fructose-bisphosphatase 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-29
2592561-1	1989	The human mannose-binding protein (MBP) is a multimeric serum protein that is divided into three domains, a cysteine-rich NH2-terminal domain that stabilizes the collagen alpha helix of the second domain and a third COOH-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	230-242	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	35-38
2787353-6	1989	The potential physiologic relevance of the carbohydrate binding activity is further elucidated by studies which show that 1) binding of soluble rIL-2 to immobilized uromodulin is enhanced at a pH of 4 to5 in the presence of divalent cations, and 2) neither uromodulin nor the high mannose glycopeptide Man5GlcNAc2Asn blocks the binding of rIL-2 to the IL-2R.	Carbohydrates	43-55	interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	352-357
2592487-3	1989	The pattern changed when iron-free transferrin was treated with neuraminidase, which splits off the sialic acid from the carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	121-133	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	64-77
2534084-3	1989	With dietary restriction of refined carbohydrate and oral hypoglycaemic therapy, there was a reduction in platelet density (p less than 0.05), intraplatelet nucleotides (p less than 0.001), intraplatelet beta TG (p less than 0.001), plasma beta TG (p less than 0.001) and there was an increase in intraplatelet cAMP levels (p less than 0.05).	Carbohydrates	36-48	pro-platelet basic protein	Homo sapiens	204-211
2574581-0	1989	Correlation between carbohydrate structures on the envelope glycoprotein gp120 of HIV-1 and HIV-2 and syncytium inhibition with lectins.	Carbohydrates	20-32	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	73-78
2778161-5	1989	The ratio of fucose, mannose, galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylglucosamine, and sialic acid of lactophorin, which contains about 18% saccharide, were 1, 6.6, 10.3, 5.5, 9.7, and 11.6, respectively, while the respective ratio of the seven components were 1, 5 to 6, 7 to 9, 3 to 4, 6 to 8, and 4 to 12.	Carbohydrates	142-152	glycosylation dependent cell adhesion molecule 1	Bos taurus	104-115
2590164-7	1989	The MBP molecule comprises a signal peptide, a cysteine-rich domain, a collagen-like domain, a "neck" region and a carbohydrate-binding domain.	Carbohydrates	115-127	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	4-7
2534084-3	1989	With dietary restriction of refined carbohydrate and oral hypoglycaemic therapy, there was a reduction in platelet density (p less than 0.05), intraplatelet nucleotides (p less than 0.001), intraplatelet beta TG (p less than 0.001), plasma beta TG (p less than 0.001) and there was an increase in intraplatelet cAMP levels (p less than 0.05).	Carbohydrates	36-48	pro-platelet basic protein	Homo sapiens	240-247
2791964-1	1989	The objective of this study was to compare the effects of various nutrients (fats, proteins, amino acids, and carbohydrates), given directly into the duodenum or the colon, on the release of peptide-YY (PYY) in conscious dogs.	Carbohydrates	110-123	peptide YY	Canis lupus familiaris	191-201
2658991-3	1989	Neuraminidase treatment destroyed the antigenicity of all proteins, indicating that these molecules are glycoproteins and have N-glycolyneuraminic acid at the non-reducing terminal of carbohydrate chains as an HD antigenic epitope.	Carbohydrates	184-196	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	0-13
2477486-7	1989	It appears that the human MBP gene has evolved by recombination of an ancestral nonfibrillar collagen gene with a gene that encodes carbohydrate recognition, and is therefore similar to the human surfactant SP-A gene and the rat MBP gene.	Carbohydrates	132-144	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	26-29
2476812-3	1989	The results show that the IgE-binding region of Fc epsilon RII corresponds almost exactly to a domain of 123 amino acid residues homologous with the carbohydrate-binding domain of C-type animal lectins.	Carbohydrates	149-161	Fc epsilon receptor II	Homo sapiens	48-62
2476812-9	1989	Thus, the lectin module of Fc epsilon RII not only acts as a carbohydrate-independent, isotype-specific Fc receptor but may also participate in the general regulation of B-cell growth.	Carbohydrates	61-73	Fc epsilon receptor II	Homo sapiens	27-41
2567158-5	1989	The periportal/perivenous gradients for acetyl-CoA carboxylase, ATP citrate-lyase and fatty acid synthase observed in fed (and fasted) males were abolished when animals were fasted (48 h) and refed (30 h) with a high-carbohydrate/low-fat diet.	Carbohydrates	217-229	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	86-105
2558927-3	1989	The antagonism of DGhCG against activation of adenylate cyclase and steroidogenesis was reversed, when WGA was bound to the N-linked carbohydrate moieties of hCG alpha- and beta-subunits followed by addition of purified Leydig cells.	Carbohydrates	133-145	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	20-23
2666379-6	1989	The increase in carbohydrate availability as a result of breakdown of the mucin oligosaccharides stimulated bacterial growth and activities.	Carbohydrates	16-28	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	74-79
2526822-10	1989	Periodic acid abolished functional activities of CR1, whereas trypsin and heat did not, indicating the functional significance of the carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	134-146	complement C3b/C4b receptor 1 (Knops blood group)	Homo sapiens	49-52
2526822-11	1989	That CR1 are functionally active in myelinated nerves, but not in unmyelinated nerves, may therefore be due to differences in the carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	130-142	complement C3b/C4b receptor 1 (Knops blood group)	Homo sapiens	5-8
2478426-1	1989	The effects of meal volume and luminal digestion of carbohydrates on the release of pancreatic polypeptide (HPP) were investigated in eight healthy subjects and in six patients who had non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.	Carbohydrates	52-65	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	84-106
2775237-1	1989	Mucin from xenografts of LS174T human colon cancer cells was treated with anhydrous HF for 1 h at 0 degree C to give a product (HFA) with over 80% of the glucosamine and hexose removed, but retaining some galactosamine, and for 3 h at room temperature to give a product (HFB) devoid of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	286-298	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	0-5
2661160-2	1989	Serum levels of a high molecular weight circulating antigen KL-6, detected by means of a sandwich assay using a monoclonal antibody KL-6 against a sialylated carbohydrate antigen, were evaluated for usefulness in monitoring the activity of interstitial pneumonitis.	Carbohydrates	158-170	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	60-64
2744219-0	1989	Carbohydrate moieties of small placental hCG: requirement of mannose structure for biological activity.	Carbohydrates	0-12	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	41-44
2662094-2	1989	Various studies which relate to the immunohistochemical identification of neuronal, glial, carbohydrate and nucleic acid associated antigens in retinoblastoma will be reviewed.	Carbohydrates	91-103	RB transcriptional corepressor 1	Homo sapiens	144-158
2740544-7	1989	These results allow us to point out the usefulness and the application of HbA1 determination in evaluating the relationship between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in type 1 diabetics.	Carbohydrates	132-144	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	74-78
2787357-6	1989	Pro-IL-1 alpha was glycosylated in these cells, as shown by incorporation of D-[14C]mannose; thus it is likely that a cell surface lectin binds pro-IL-1 via these carbohydrate residues.	Carbohydrates	163-175	interleukin 1 complex	Mus musculus	4-8
2491808-0	1989	Differential incorporation of sulfate into the chondroitin chain and complex carbohydrate chains of human thyroglobulin: studies in normal and neoplastic thyroid tissue.	Carbohydrates	77-89	thyroglobulin	Homo sapiens	106-119
2787357-6	1989	Pro-IL-1 alpha was glycosylated in these cells, as shown by incorporation of D-[14C]mannose; thus it is likely that a cell surface lectin binds pro-IL-1 via these carbohydrate residues.	Carbohydrates	163-175	interleukin 1 complex	Mus musculus	148-152
2506089-2	1989	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity was increased by 14% after 10 min TSH stimulation and NAG and beta-galactosidase activities were increased by 24% and 25% respectively (P less than 0.05) after 20 min stimulation and by 40% and 45% (P less than 0.05) respectively after 30 min stimulation with TSH, indicating an early processing of these carbohydrate residues in thyroglobulin.	Carbohydrates	350-362	O-GlcNAcase	Homo sapiens	0-29
2471689-5	1989	Treatment with heat, proteolytic enzymes and periodate oxidation revealed that rat CEA, similar to human CEA contained both carbohydrate and protein epitopes.	Carbohydrates	124-136	carcinoembryonic antigen gene family 4	Rattus norvegicus	83-86
2471689-6	1989	The epitopes shared by rat and human CEA that were detectable by the monkey anti-human CEA serum appeared to be carbohydrate, whereas the epitopes on rat CEA with which the rat mAb combined appeared to be protein, and those detected by the rabbit anti-rat CEA serum appeared to be carbohydrate, as well as protein.	Carbohydrates	112-124	carcinoembryonic antigen gene family 4	Rattus norvegicus	87-90
2471689-6	1989	The epitopes shared by rat and human CEA that were detectable by the monkey anti-human CEA serum appeared to be carbohydrate, whereas the epitopes on rat CEA with which the rat mAb combined appeared to be protein, and those detected by the rabbit anti-rat CEA serum appeared to be carbohydrate, as well as protein.	Carbohydrates	112-124	carcinoembryonic antigen gene family 4	Rattus norvegicus	87-90
2467243-2	1989	The colloidal iron and Alcian blue stains gave positive results with worn lenses without apparent interference and indicated that the mucin deposits were principally complex carbohydrates with free acidic groups.	Carbohydrates	174-187	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	134-139
2775721-8	1989	Upon the complete removal of the carbohydrate side chains, the extended structure characteristic of intact and asialo mucin collapses to chain dimensions typical of denatured globular proteins.	Carbohydrates	33-45	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	118-123
2731537-8	1989	These results indicate that mammalian-cell-derived recombinant human interferon-beta 1s have identical polypeptides to those of natural human interferon-beta 1 but their carbohydrate moieties, including unusual N-linked oligosaccharides, are individually different from natural ones and depend on the host cell.	Carbohydrates	170-182	interferon beta 1	Homo sapiens	69-86
2708348-10	1989	Assay of these heparin-derived saccharides in the presence of a suboptimal concentration of aFGF revealed that a minimum chain length and a certain degree of sulfation is required in order to potentiate the action of aFGF.	Carbohydrates	31-42	fibroblast growth factor 1	Bos taurus	217-221
2701484-6	1989	These results suggest that the mucin polydispersity previously visualized by electron microscopy may be explained by the synthesis of several respiratory mucin peptide precursors with different molecular sizes and/or that precursors with different amounts of carbohydrate are rapidly formed.	Carbohydrates	259-271	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	31-36
2469454-6	1989	The epitope defined by antibody 3E1.2 is sensitive to treatment by sodium periodate and neuraminidase, implying that both carbohydrate and sialic acid are required for binding of antibody 3E1.2.	Carbohydrates	122-134	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	88-101
3180078-6	1988	By DEAE-cellulose chromatography, the purified mucin was found to be heterogeneous, with three major components that had small differences in carbohydrate composition.	Carbohydrates	142-154	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	47-52
2653318-1	1989	The insulin receptor is synthesized as a single chain, 190 kDa glycoprotein precursor, which undergoes proteolytic cleavage, carbohydrate processing, and fatty acylation to generate the mature receptor on the plasma membrane.	Carbohydrates	125-137	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	4-20
2536369-9	1989	Studies of virus and antibody binding to neuraminidase-treated host cell membranes suggested that although carbohydrates may be involved in host-virus interaction, the receptor carbohydrate is not the predominant component of the cellular receptor site.	Carbohydrates	107-120	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	41-54
2539426-4	1989	The carbohydrate portion of CEA was modified by neuraminidase treatment and Smith degradation.	Carbohydrates	4-16	CEA cell adhesion molecule 20	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
2650682-7	1989	In cells from hypophysectomized rats, T3 and growth hormone had different effects on carbohydrate metabolism: T3, but not growth hormone, potentiated the anti-gluconeogenic and glycogenic effects of insulin.	Carbohydrates	85-97	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	45-59
2650682-8	1989	It is concluded that hypophysectomy increases the responsiveness of hepatocytes to insulin, growth hormone and T3, and that growth hormone and T3 regulate fatty acid and carbohydrate metabolism by different mechanisms.	Carbohydrates	170-182	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	124-138
3201095-6	1988	A heterogeneous population of mucin glycopeptides was revealed by using high-performance ion-exchange chromatography and the major carbohydrate-containing peak did not coincide with that expressing the blood-group activity.	Carbohydrates	131-143	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	30-35
3170547-4	1988	Studies on glycopeptides modified by desialylation, desulfation, and beta-galactosidase treatment indicated that the majority (approximately 70%) of the complex carbohydrate units contain sulfate groups and that Gal-3-SO4 and sialic acid residues can coexist in terminal positions on the same N-linked oligosaccharide.	Carbohydrates	161-173	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	69-87
3170547-6	1988	On the basis of chromatography on immobilized concanavalin A, it was determined that whereas the Gal-3-SO4 groups occur on biantennary as well as more highly branched carbohydrate units, GlcNAc-6-SO4 is exclusively present in the latter oligosaccharides.	Carbohydrates	167-179	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	97-102
2536369-9	1989	Studies of virus and antibody binding to neuraminidase-treated host cell membranes suggested that although carbohydrates may be involved in host-virus interaction, the receptor carbohydrate is not the predominant component of the cellular receptor site.	Carbohydrates	107-119	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	41-54
2791750-0	1989	Bioactive ganglioside-mediated carbohydrate recognition in coupling with ecto-protein phosphorylation.	Carbohydrates	31-43	tripartite motif containing 33	Homo sapiens	73-77
3411786-2	1988	KL-3 and KL-6 antibodies reacted with asialo- and sialo-carbohydrate antigenic determinants, respectively.	Carbohydrates	56-68	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	9-13
2639730-2	1989	Although the epitope recognized appeared to be a peptide segment, recognition was altered by neuraminidase, suggesting carbohydrate contributions to antigen recognition.	Carbohydrates	119-131	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	93-106
2791750-8	1989	Thus, it is likely that this represents a new type of biosignal transduction that is mediated through cell surface carbohydrate recognition (ecto biosignal transduction system).	Carbohydrates	115-127	tripartite motif containing 33	Homo sapiens	141-145
2909363-1	1989	Modifications of carbohydrate structures of hCG, such as deglycosylation or desialylation, have been shown to reduce the biological activity of the hormone derivatives in vivo.	Carbohydrates	17-29	hypertrichosis 2 (generalised, congenital)	Homo sapiens	44-47
2491258-9	1989	Insulin, the IGFs, the relaxins, the CGRPs and amylin are all involved in carbohydrate metabolism and therefore these peptides are functionally as well as structurally related.	Carbohydrates	74-86	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	47-53
3064412-1	1988	Evaluation of insulin receptor state in lymphocytes of rats with burns trauma enabled to detect that impairment of carbohydrate metabolism in burns might be considerably dependent on content of insulin and the state of its receptors.	Carbohydrates	115-127	insulin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	14-30
3409990-8	1988	Its amino acid and carbohydrate compositions are characteristic of a mucin structure.	Carbohydrates	19-31	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	69-74
2968905-6	1988	Enzymatic digestion of IGF-I receptor beta subunit subtypes by glycopeptidase F resulted in similar molecular masses (84 kDa and 86 kDa) on SDS-PAGE, which suggests that the difference in molecular masses between two subtypes is attributable to the differences in N-linked complex-type carbohydrate chains on the extracellular domain of beta subunits.	Carbohydrates	286-298	insulin-like growth factor 1	Mus musculus	23-28
3182101-5	1988	Treatment of antigen YH206 with alkali suggested that the antigenic determinant consists of carbohydrate chains of mucin type.	Carbohydrates	92-104	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	115-120
3131116-0	1988	Metabolic labeling of human thyroglobulin with [35S]sulfate: incorporation into chondroitin 6-sulfate and endoglycosidase-F-susceptible carbohydrate units.	Carbohydrates	136-148	thyroglobulin	Homo sapiens	28-41
3131116-8	1988	Thus, human thyroglobulin contains sulfate in at least three types of carbohydrate units, 1) chondroitin 6-sulfate units, 2) complex units with no affinity for Concanavalin-A (tri- or tetraantennary forms), and 3) complex units with weak affinity for Concanavalin-A (biantennary forms).	Carbohydrates	70-82	thyroglobulin	Homo sapiens	12-25
2454811-6	1988	It also differs from the beta-subunit of hCG in its carbohydrate structure, lacking sialic acid and having a low but variable amount of galactose.	Carbohydrates	52-64	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	41-44
3179315-1	1988	The interaction between the carbohydrate and the amino acid residues in human thyroglobulin has been studied.	Carbohydrates	28-40	thyroglobulin	Homo sapiens	78-91
3143674-2	1988	The activity of certain key enzymes of carbohydrate and energy metabolism, viz, glycogen phosphorylase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, amylase, Mg2+- dependent ATPase and lactic and succinic acid dehydrogenases were also found to be inhibited.	Carbohydrates	39-51	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	104-125
3044777-6	1988	This unusual and unexpected observation in carbohydrate-sensitive subjects suggests an altered response of the insulin receptor, namely the failure of plasma insulin to down-regulate the number of receptors.	Carbohydrates	43-55	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	111-127
3360144-4	1988	Lectins (RCA1 and WGA) upon immobilization on liposomes retained saccharide specificity and the ability to agglutinate red blood cells.	Carbohydrates	65-75	von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor	Homo sapiens	9-13
3179315-2	1988	Previous reports showed that the removal of the two terminal carbohydrates of the complex chains leads to an increase in thyroglobulin binding to thyroid membranes.	Carbohydrates	61-74	thyroglobulin	Homo sapiens	121-134
3189542-9	1988	These results suggest that changes in glucose transport contribute to the effects of GH on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in adipose tissue.	Carbohydrates	91-103	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	85-87
3394116-5	1988	As to the degradation rate of two isozymes of Glu-plg (Glu-plg I and II), Glu-plg II containing one carbohydrate chain was degraded faster than Glu-plg I containing two carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	100-112	plasminogen	Homo sapiens	50-53
3394116-5	1988	As to the degradation rate of two isozymes of Glu-plg (Glu-plg I and II), Glu-plg II containing one carbohydrate chain was degraded faster than Glu-plg I containing two carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	100-112	plasminogen	Homo sapiens	59-62
3394116-5	1988	As to the degradation rate of two isozymes of Glu-plg (Glu-plg I and II), Glu-plg II containing one carbohydrate chain was degraded faster than Glu-plg I containing two carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	100-112	plasminogen	Homo sapiens	59-62
3394116-5	1988	As to the degradation rate of two isozymes of Glu-plg (Glu-plg I and II), Glu-plg II containing one carbohydrate chain was degraded faster than Glu-plg I containing two carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	100-112	plasminogen	Homo sapiens	59-62
3394116-5	1988	As to the degradation rate of two isozymes of Glu-plg (Glu-plg I and II), Glu-plg II containing one carbohydrate chain was degraded faster than Glu-plg I containing two carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	169-181	plasminogen	Homo sapiens	50-53
3394116-5	1988	As to the degradation rate of two isozymes of Glu-plg (Glu-plg I and II), Glu-plg II containing one carbohydrate chain was degraded faster than Glu-plg I containing two carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	169-181	plasminogen	Homo sapiens	59-62
3394116-5	1988	As to the degradation rate of two isozymes of Glu-plg (Glu-plg I and II), Glu-plg II containing one carbohydrate chain was degraded faster than Glu-plg I containing two carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	169-181	plasminogen	Homo sapiens	59-62
3394116-5	1988	As to the degradation rate of two isozymes of Glu-plg (Glu-plg I and II), Glu-plg II containing one carbohydrate chain was degraded faster than Glu-plg I containing two carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	169-181	plasminogen	Homo sapiens	59-62
3352745-5	1988	In our work on the molecular genetics of carbohydrate metabolism we have recently isolated a mouse glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (or phosphoglucose isomerase, PGI) cDNA clone using the yeast PGI gene (PGI 1) as a probe.	Carbohydrates	41-53	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	99-128
3352745-5	1988	In our work on the molecular genetics of carbohydrate metabolism we have recently isolated a mouse glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (or phosphoglucose isomerase, PGI) cDNA clone using the yeast PGI gene (PGI 1) as a probe.	Carbohydrates	41-53	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	133-157
3346218-6	1988	Chemically deglycosylated hCG, containing 75% less carbohydrate and which showed greater binding to other LH receptors, failed to recognize sheep LH receptor, suggesting that excess carbohydrate in hCG was not a factor in hindering binding of the native placental hormone.	Carbohydrates	51-63	glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide	Homo sapiens	26-29
3149516-5	1988	The recent development of high pressure liquid chromatography and high-resolution proton NMR spectroscopy has allowed major progress in the structural study of mucin carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	166-178	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	160-165
3054092-0	1988	Distribution of some Gal beta 1-3(4)GlcNAc related carbohydrate antigens on the mouse uterine epithelium in relation to the peri-implantational period.	Carbohydrates	51-63	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, beta 3 subunit	Mus musculus	25-33
3376505-7	1988	Hyperglycemia with increased HbA1 concentration indicates previous carbohydrate intolerance.	Carbohydrates	67-79	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	29-33
2834281-6	1988	Thus, charge heterogeneity found in hepatoma cathepsin D is ascribed to increased phosphorylation on oligosaccharides bound to the enzyme, most probably due to cancer-associated, impaired processing in carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	202-214	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	45-56
3155250-1	1988	The disaccharide lactose, the principal carbohydrate of animal milks, requires the enzyme lactase to split it to glucose and galactose.	Carbohydrates	40-52	lactase	Homo sapiens	90-97
3442597-0	1987	Structural relationship of an apolipoprotein (a) phenotype (570 kDa) to plasminogen: homologous kringle domains are linked by carbohydrate-rich regions.	Carbohydrates	126-138	plasminogen	Homo sapiens	72-83
3169364-9	1988	In the groups of animals which received isocaloric carbohydrates in the diet instead of ethanol the liver glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was increased.	Carbohydrates	51-64	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	106-139
3395344-3	1988	Carbohydrate analysis of SCP2 samples suggest the presence of tightly bound mannose oligosaccharide of 5-10 residues, although probably not in a glycoprotein linkage.	Carbohydrates	0-12	sterol carrier protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	25-29
3285123-1	1988	The nucleotide sequence of the structural gene, scrA, which codes for sucrose-specific EnzymeII(Scr) (EII(Scr)) of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent carbohydrate:phosphotransferase system (PTS), was determined.	Carbohydrates	149-161	anillin, actin binding protein	Homo sapiens	48-52
3611111-10	1987	When sufficient sialic acid is present in the oligosaccharides, native highly viscous mucin containing about two-thirds carbohydrate by weight is obtained.	Carbohydrates	120-132	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	86-91
2971395-1	1988	Human beta-hexosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.52) is a lysosomal enzyme that hydrolyzes terminal N-acetylhexosamines from GM2 ganglioside, oligosaccharides, and other carbohydrate-containing macromolecules.	Carbohydrates	157-169	O-GlcNAcase	Homo sapiens	6-25
3654988-4	1987	The apparent "mucin secretion" described in these unusual neoplasms could be due to histochemical staining of carbohydrate components or breakdown products of thyroglobulin and colloid.	Carbohydrates	110-122	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	14-19
2442094-0	1987	A mucin containing the X, Y, and H type 2 carbohydrate determinants is shed by carcinoma cells.	Carbohydrates	42-54	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	2-7
2442094-2	1987	Double determinant immunoassays using BR 15-6A as detector antibody showed that the Y determinant is part of a high molecular weight mucin that coexpressed other carbohydrate antigens based on a type 2 chain (X, H type 2).	Carbohydrates	162-174	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	133-138
2442094-3	1987	Type 1 chain carbohydrates such as sialylated Lewisa, Lewisa and Lewisb blood group antigens were predominantly expressed on a separate mucin molecule as determined by double-determinant immunoassays with other anticarbohydrate monoclonal antibodies.	Carbohydrates	13-26	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	136-141
3663619-5	1987	The peptide core of PSM exhibits internal segmental flexibility that is virtually identical with that of ovine submaxillary mucin (OSM), whose carbohydrate side chain consists of the alpha-NeuNAc(2-6)alpha-GalNAc disaccharide.	Carbohydrates	143-155	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	124-129
3288637-1	1988	A segment of 130 residues near the COOH terminus of the proteoglycan core protein derived from rat cartilage is highly homologous to the carbohydrate-recognition domain of the chicken hepatic lectin and other vertebrate carbohydrate-binding proteins.	Carbohydrates	137-149	hepatic lectin	Gallus gallus	184-198
3499144-10	1987	The form of alpha 1-inhibitor3 in the medium exhibited an Mr of 186,000 and carried carbohydrate side chains of the complex type.	Carbohydrates	84-96	alpha-1-inhibitor III	Rattus norvegicus	12-30
3288637-1	1988	A segment of 130 residues near the COOH terminus of the proteoglycan core protein derived from rat cartilage is highly homologous to the carbohydrate-recognition domain of the chicken hepatic lectin and other vertebrate carbohydrate-binding proteins.	Carbohydrates	220-232	hepatic lectin	Gallus gallus	184-198
16665415-1	1987	The control of the fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (Fru2,6P(2)) concentration and its possible role in controlling carbohydrate synthesis and degradation are discussed.	Carbohydrates	109-121	zinc finger and BTB domain containing 22	Homo sapiens	46-49
2454154-6	1988	However, the degree of glycosylation of the antigen, as assessed by its solubility in perchloric acid, showed significant differences; i.e., the mucin antigen carrying 2----6 sialylated Lea determinant in the sera of patients with nonmalignant disorders had the highest carbohydrate/protein ratio, followed by the mucin carrying the same determinant in the sera of cancer patients.	Carbohydrates	270-282	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	145-150
3296892-3	1987	Reevaluation of this hypothesis later showed that pancreatic insulin secretion increased before any changes in systemic glucose disappearance or insulin concentrations and, because of significant increases in hepatic insulin extraction, may have led to some local effects of insulin on hepatic carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	294-306	insulin	Sus scrofa	61-68
3597443-4	1987	Endoglycosidase digestion and lectin blotting have been utilized to demonstrate that RHL-2 and RHL-3 differ by the presence of different carbohydrate structures attached to a common peptide backbone.	Carbohydrates	137-149	asialoglycoprotein receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	85-90
2454154-7	1988	Mucin antigen carrying 2----3 sialylated Lea antigen or 2----3, 2----6 disialylated Lc4 antigen in cancer patients had the lowest carbohydrate/protein ratio among the four groups tested.	Carbohydrates	130-142	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	0-5
2885075-3	1987	Acute starvation, as well as 3 weeks of semistarvation on a high-protein low-carbohydrate diet (CST PR) reduced TH activity significantly.	Carbohydrates	77-89	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	112-114
2454154-8	1988	Thus, the carbohydrate/protein ratio in the type 1 chain mucin antigens in sera of normal subjects is higher than that in sera of cancer patients (P less than 0.05).	Carbohydrates	10-22	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	57-62
2454154-9	1988	This finding is in contrast to previous findings on the mucin antigens carrying the type 2 chain determinant (R. Kannagi et al., Cancer Res., 46: 2619-2626, 1986), in which the mucin antigen in cancer patients was found to have a much higher carbohydrate/protein ratio than that carrying the same antigenic determinants in patients with nonmalignant disorders.	Carbohydrates	242-254	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	56-61
3830179-6	1987	Thus the overshoot phenomenon, provoked by carbohydrate refeeding, in glucokinase mRNA is not explained by alteration of the glucokinase mRNA decay rates.	Carbohydrates	43-55	glucokinase	Rattus norvegicus	70-81
3830179-10	1987	We conclude that refeeding a carbohydrate-rich diet rapidly stimulates glucokinase mRNA regeneration showing overshoot kinetics.	Carbohydrates	29-41	glucokinase	Rattus norvegicus	71-82
3595996-8	1987	The data suggests that thyroid hormone and high carbohydrate diet are acting at a translational level to increase G6PDH enzyme activity in these animals.	Carbohydrates	48-60	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	114-119
2454154-9	1988	This finding is in contrast to previous findings on the mucin antigens carrying the type 2 chain determinant (R. Kannagi et al., Cancer Res., 46: 2619-2626, 1986), in which the mucin antigen in cancer patients was found to have a much higher carbohydrate/protein ratio than that carrying the same antigenic determinants in patients with nonmalignant disorders.	Carbohydrates	242-254	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	177-182
3415974-13	1988	It is of note that deglycosylation of testicular clusterin can also eliminate this in vitro biologic activity, suggesting that the serum clusterin might be a deglycosylated form of the testicular protein and the carbohydrate core plays an important role in determining the cell aggregation activity.	Carbohydrates	212-224	clusterin	Homo sapiens	49-58
28305841-1	1987	A lectin with an affinity for beta-D-galactoside-containing saccharides is present in the developing yolk sac from the chick embryo at stages from 2 to 7 days of incubation.	Carbohydrates	60-71	galectin 3	Gallus gallus	2-8
3415974-13	1988	It is of note that deglycosylation of testicular clusterin can also eliminate this in vitro biologic activity, suggesting that the serum clusterin might be a deglycosylated form of the testicular protein and the carbohydrate core plays an important role in determining the cell aggregation activity.	Carbohydrates	212-224	clusterin	Homo sapiens	137-146
3410144-5	1988	On the nature of carbohydrate moiety as compared with normal tissue, oligosaccharides of Tg from the periphery tissues changed in a manner similar to that of tumor oligosaccharides.	Carbohydrates	17-29	thyroglobulin	Homo sapiens	89-91
3544764-8	1987	Carbohydrates increase AI and HDL2 removal, whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids inhibit synthesis.	Carbohydrates	0-13	junctophilin 3	Homo sapiens	30-34
3118327-0	1987	Efficacy testing of beta-galactosidase with H2 breath test in patients with carbohydrate malabsorption.	Carbohydrates	76-88	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	20-38
3167126-1	1988	The role of the carbohydrate component of sex steroid-binding globulin (SBP) from human blood in the glycoprotein interaction with the recognition system for SBP-estrogen complexes in human decidual endometrium plasma membrane was studied.	Carbohydrates	16-28	selenium binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	72-75
3622318-1	1987	The monoclonal antibody HNK-1 recognizes a carbohydrate epitope present on a host of glycoconjugates which include the glycoproteins neural cell adhesion molecules (N-CAM) myelin-associated glycoprotein and ependymins, and two glycolipids.	Carbohydrates	43-55	myelin-associated glycoprotein	Mus musculus	172-202
3305626-5	1987	MG1 (greater than 10(3) kDa) contains 15% protein (several disulfide linked subunits), 78% carbohydrate (290 units of 4-16 residues), 7% sulfate, and small amounts of covalently linked fatty acids.	Carbohydrates	91-103	mucin 5B, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	0-3
3305626-6	1987	MG2 (200-250 kDa) contains 30% protein (single peptide chain), 68% carbohydrate (170 units of 2-7 residues), and 2% sulfate.	Carbohydrates	67-79	mucin 7, secreted	Homo sapiens	0-3
3305626-7	1987	The major carbohydrate units of MG2 are: NeuAc alpha 2,3Gal beta 1,3GalNAc,Gal beta 1,3GalNAc, and Fuc alpha 1,2Gal beta 1,3GalNAc.	Carbohydrates	10-22	mucin 7, secreted	Homo sapiens	32-35
3472018-6	1987	The KG-1 myeloblastoid and U937 myelomonocytic lines could be induced to express the antigen, when exposed to neuraminidase which removes terminal sialic acid from carbohydrate residues.	Carbohydrates	164-176	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	110-123
3167126-1	1988	The role of the carbohydrate component of sex steroid-binding globulin (SBP) from human blood in the glycoprotein interaction with the recognition system for SBP-estrogen complexes in human decidual endometrium plasma membrane was studied.	Carbohydrates	16-28	selenium binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	158-161
3553025-3	1987	Newborn mucin contains more protein and less carbohydrate than adult mucin and differs from adult mucin in buoyant density and mobility on electrophoresis.	Carbohydrates	45-57	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	8-13
3346258-3	1988	MOD-1 null mutant mice lack cytosolic malic enzyme activity but express 2.5- and 3.6-kb mRNAs that hybridize with wild type malic enzyme cDNAs and are induced in liver by a starvation/carbohydrate refeeding regimen.	Carbohydrates	184-196	malic enzyme 1, NADP(+)-dependent, cytosolic	Mus musculus	0-5
3103611-0	1986	Characterization of bovine kappa-casein fractions and the kinetics of chymosin-induced macropeptide release from carbohydrate-free and carbohydrate-containing fractions determined by high-performance gel-permeation chromatography.	Carbohydrates	113-125	chymosin	Bos taurus	70-78
3103611-0	1986	Characterization of bovine kappa-casein fractions and the kinetics of chymosin-induced macropeptide release from carbohydrate-free and carbohydrate-containing fractions determined by high-performance gel-permeation chromatography.	Carbohydrates	135-147	chymosin	Bos taurus	70-78
3387828-2	1988	In one stock of T. congolense, maturation was completely blocked by this carbohydrate, which is known to specifically inhibit tsetse midgut lectin activity.	Carbohydrates	73-85	lectin-37Db	Drosophila melanogaster	140-146
3530759-0	1986	Carbohydrate-dependent induction of fatty acid synthase in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes.	Carbohydrates	0-12	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	36-55
2474122-2	1987	The schistosomulum surface antigen GP38 possesses an immunodominant carbohydrate epitope of which the structure has been defined.	Carbohydrates	68-80	podoplanin	Rattus norvegicus	35-39
3604200-2	1987	A positive correlation was established between the serum HbA1 level and blood sugar before meals, its maximum elevation within 24 h and the evaluation of the stage of decompensation of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	185-197	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	57-61
3344832-6	1988	At this time, the CORT-injected ADX animals consumed an even greater amount of total food intake than did the vehicle-injected sham-operated animals and showed a significant preference for carbohydrate, as opposed to no change or a decline in preference for protein or fat.	Carbohydrates	189-201	cortistatin	Rattus norvegicus	18-22
2946332-5	1986	Plasmin degraded the glycocalicin into two small carbohydrate-poor peptides and into a larger carbohydrate-rich fragment.	Carbohydrates	49-61	plasminogen	Homo sapiens	0-7
2946332-5	1986	Plasmin degraded the glycocalicin into two small carbohydrate-poor peptides and into a larger carbohydrate-rich fragment.	Carbohydrates	94-106	plasminogen	Homo sapiens	0-7
2426082-7	1986	In secreted TSH dimer, TSH beta incorporated 1.3 times more [35S]sulfate (P less than 0.05) and 2.5 times more [3H] N-acetylmannosamine (P less than 0.02) per carbohydrate chain than did TSH alpha.	Carbohydrates	159-171	thyroid stimulating hormone, beta subunit	Mus musculus	23-31
3344832-7	1988	These findings, in light of other evidence, suggest that CORT ensures and stabilizes the ingestion of all three macronutrients but, in particular, stimulates carbohydrate ingestion during the important feeding period at the dark onset when CORT levels normally peak.	Carbohydrates	158-170	cortistatin	Rattus norvegicus	57-61
3761010-1	1986	The objective of these studies was to determine how alterations in dietary carbohydrate affect hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH) and malic enzyme (ME) activities in adult female rats.	Carbohydrates	75-87	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	103-136
3761010-1	1986	The objective of these studies was to determine how alterations in dietary carbohydrate affect hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH) and malic enzyme (ME) activities in adult female rats.	Carbohydrates	75-87	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	138-143
3761010-8	1986	Results of these studies indicate that the effects of dietary carbohydrates on hepatic G6PDH, 6PGDH and ME activities are gender dependent.	Carbohydrates	62-75	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	87-92
3801415-5	1986	SGP-2 was shown to be 23.7% carbohydrate and consisted of 1% fucose, 3.5% mannose, 4.1% galactose, 7.1% N-acetylglucosamine, and 8.0% N-acetylneuraminic acid.	Carbohydrates	28-40	clusterin	Homo sapiens	0-5
3103611-5	1986	A carbohydrate-free fraction as well as two NeuAc-containing fractions were compared in their substrate behaviour towards the action of the milk-clotting enzyme chymosin at pH 6.6 and 30 degrees C. To this end the trichloroacetic acid-soluble reaction products were analysed by high-performance gel-permeation chromatography.	Carbohydrates	2-14	chymosin	Bos taurus	161-169
2825973-0	1988	Elevated activity and increased mannose-6-phosphate in the carbohydrate moiety of cathepsin D from human hepatoma.	Carbohydrates	59-71	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	82-93
3087736-14	1986	Although a translational regulation cannot be completely excluded, the present data, in conjunction with previous findings, support the hypothesis that TRH regulates TSH production primarily by stimulating both posttranslational carbohydrate processing and secretion of this hormone.	Carbohydrates	229-241	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	152-155
2941420-9	1986	Apo(a) contained 28.1% carbohydrate by weight represented by mannose, galactose, galactosamine, glucosamine, and sialic acid in an approximate molar ratio of 3:7:5:4:7, respectively.	Carbohydrates	23-35	lipoprotein(a)	Homo sapiens	0-6
3280426-1	1988	Human plasminogen is a beta-globulin (2% carbohydrate, molecular weight 90 KD), which in its native form has NH2-terminal glutamic acid (Glu-plasminogen) whose primary structure is known (31, 37, 38).	Carbohydrates	41-53	plasminogen	Homo sapiens	6-17
3459170-6	1986	In addition, a potential binding site for the triacylglycerol substrate and a carbohydrate-binding domain for lipoprotein lipase are postulated.	Carbohydrates	78-90	lipoprotein lipase	Bos taurus	110-128
3280426-8	1988	Two types of Glu-plasminogen occur in human plasma, which differ in their carbohydrate composition as well as in their content of sialic acid.	Carbohydrates	74-86	plasminogen	Homo sapiens	17-28
2427759-6	1986	Periodic acid and neuraminidase treatments on tissue sections suggested that the chemical nature of the antigenic determinant of YH206 antigen was carbohydrate in nature which might be masked by sialic acids.	Carbohydrates	147-159	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	18-31
2855249-4	1988	This low level permits control of important parts of carbohydrate metabolism, especially glycolysis, by Mg2+.	Carbohydrates	53-65	mucin 7, secreted	Homo sapiens	104-107
3956483-1	1986	The primary structures of nine major saccharide alditols in the fraction of neutral carbohydrates derived from human seminal plasma mucin have been established on the basis of fast atom bombardment and electron impact mass spectrometry combined with methylation analysis, exoglycosidase digestion, and CrO3 oxidation, as follows.	Carbohydrates	37-47	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	132-137
3956483-1	1986	The primary structures of nine major saccharide alditols in the fraction of neutral carbohydrates derived from human seminal plasma mucin have been established on the basis of fast atom bombardment and electron impact mass spectrometry combined with methylation analysis, exoglycosidase digestion, and CrO3 oxidation, as follows.	Carbohydrates	84-97	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	132-137
28776786-1	1988	The nucleotide sequence of the structural gene, scrA, which codes for sucrose-specific EnzymellScr (EIIScr ) of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent carbohydrate: phosphotransferase system (PTS), was determined.	Carbohydrates	146-158	anillin, actin binding protein	Homo sapiens	48-52
3005370-8	1986	Since the glial elements compose a majority of the brain cells, the "normal" structure and function of their insulin receptor might provide a key to understanding the role of insulin in the carbohydrate metabolism of the human central nervous system.	Carbohydrates	190-202	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	109-125
3511849-1	1986	Glucokinase and NADP:malate dehydrogenase (malic enzyme) first appear in liver when rat pups are weaned from milk which is high in fat to lab chow which is high in carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	164-176	glucokinase	Rattus norvegicus	0-11
3511849-6	1986	On Days 4 and 10 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was elevated four- to fivefold in pups fed the high-carbohydrate formula compared to mother-fed pups.	Carbohydrates	103-115	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	17-50
3413233-7	1988	The impact of CORT on carbohydrate intake is apparent specifically during the active eating period, particularly at dark onset when endogenous CORT levels normally peak and carbohydrate is exhibited as the preferred macronutrient.	Carbohydrates	22-34	cortistatin	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
3413233-7	1988	The impact of CORT on carbohydrate intake is apparent specifically during the active eating period, particularly at dark onset when endogenous CORT levels normally peak and carbohydrate is exhibited as the preferred macronutrient.	Carbohydrates	22-34	cortistatin	Rattus norvegicus	143-147
3413233-7	1988	The impact of CORT on carbohydrate intake is apparent specifically during the active eating period, particularly at dark onset when endogenous CORT levels normally peak and carbohydrate is exhibited as the preferred macronutrient.	Carbohydrates	173-185	cortistatin	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
3322039-9	1987	These results, taken together with our previous finding that nonglycosylated submaxillary renin does not distribute in the liver, suggest that the carbohydrate moieties of renal renin are necessary for the recognition by Kupffer cells.	Carbohydrates	147-159	renin	Rattus norvegicus	90-95
3322039-9	1987	These results, taken together with our previous finding that nonglycosylated submaxillary renin does not distribute in the liver, suggest that the carbohydrate moieties of renal renin are necessary for the recognition by Kupffer cells.	Carbohydrates	147-159	renin	Rattus norvegicus	178-183
2827574-0	1987	Inhibition of cyclic AMP-dependent induction of ornithine aminotransferase by simple carbohydrates in cultured hepatocytes.	Carbohydrates	85-98	ornithine aminotransferase	Rattus norvegicus	48-74
3667593-0	1987	Structure of the carbohydrate moiety of human interferon-beta secreted by a recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell line.	Carbohydrates	17-29	interferon beta 1	Homo sapiens	46-61
3667593-1	1987	The carbohydrate structure of the major oligosaccharide of human interferon-beta (IFN-beta) synthesized by a genetically engineered Chinese hamster ovary cell line has been determined.	Carbohydrates	4-16	interferon beta 1	Homo sapiens	65-80
3667593-1	1987	The carbohydrate structure of the major oligosaccharide of human interferon-beta (IFN-beta) synthesized by a genetically engineered Chinese hamster ovary cell line has been determined.	Carbohydrates	4-16	interferon beta 1	Homo sapiens	82-90
3667593-2	1987	Analysis of the glycopeptidase F-released carbohydrates by sequential exoglycosidase treatment, methylation analysis, and fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry revealed that 95% of the IFN-beta oligosaccharides had the following structure: (Formula: see text).	Carbohydrates	42-55	interferon beta 1	Homo sapiens	187-195
3611111-1	1987	Porcine submaxillary gland mucin was deglycosylated with a mixture of pure glycosidases to give apomucin containing less than 1% carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	129-141	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	27-32
3298434-5	1987	The p150,95 alpha subunit is synthesized as a precursor of 146,000 Mr, has five to six N-linked oligosaccharides, and has a polypeptide chain backbone of 132,000 Mr. Over 50% of the carbohydrate on the mature alpha subunit of 150,000 Mr was sensitive to Endo H digestion.	Carbohydrates	182-194	chromatin assembly factor 1 subunit A	Homo sapiens	4-8
3115930-4	1987	These results suggest that structural changes of carbohydrates of hCG, which may be induced by malignant transformation of the trophoblast, can be observed as differences in molecular weight.	Carbohydrates	49-62	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	66-69
2440862-8	1987	The phosphoserine and phosphotyrosine residues do not appear to be randomly located through the thyroglobulin molecule since approximately 75-85% of the phosphotyrosine and phosphoserine residues were recovered in a approximately 15-kDa tryptic peptide or a approximately 24-kDa cyanogen bromide peptide, each almost devoid of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	327-339	thyroglobulin	Bos taurus	96-109
3569536-2	1987	One of the generated hybridomas produced a monoclonal antibody that bound to the carbohydrate moiety of mucin-type glycoproteins from LS 180.	Carbohydrates	81-93	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	104-109
3447860-5	1987	These results indicate that an exposed carbohydrate structure Gal B1-2----GlNAc is expressed in the mucin produced by colonic adenocarcinoma.	Carbohydrates	39-51	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	100-105
3040322-5	1987	Carbohydrate metabolism was evaluated by determining blood glucose, enzymes associated with glucose phosphorylation in the liver (glucokinase, hexokinase), glucose storage as glycogen and enzymatic delivery, glucose-6-phosphatase, and peripheral tissue by determining phosphorylating enzyme (hexokinase) and a key glycolytic enzyme (pyruvate kinase) and glycogen content in muscles.	Carbohydrates	0-12	glucokinase	Rattus norvegicus	130-141
3035036-5	1987	HCT consists of two dissimilar subunits, namely, hCT alpha-subunit and hCT beta-subunit like hCG, whose molecular weights are estimated at about 15,000 and 20,000 respectively and have carbohydrate moiety bound to concanavalin A.	Carbohydrates	185-197	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	93-96
3103693-6	1987	It was thus suggested that the endo-types of beta-xylosidase, beta-galactosidase and beta-glucuronidase acted on the carbohydrate-peptide linkage region of proteo-chondroitin sulfate in the tissues and produced various types of urinary chondroitin sulfate with heterogeneity at reducing terminals.	Carbohydrates	117-129	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	62-80
3103693-6	1987	It was thus suggested that the endo-types of beta-xylosidase, beta-galactosidase and beta-glucuronidase acted on the carbohydrate-peptide linkage region of proteo-chondroitin sulfate in the tissues and produced various types of urinary chondroitin sulfate with heterogeneity at reducing terminals.	Carbohydrates	117-129	glucuronidase beta	Homo sapiens	85-103
3556448-1	1987	The role of carbohydrates in mediating the interaction of rhodopsin-containing membranes with retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells was investigated by studying the influence of various monosaccharides on their binding by RPE cells of the embryonic chick maintained in cell culture.	Carbohydrates	12-25	rhodopsin	Gallus gallus	58-67
3556448-3	1987	Disc membranes, frozen and thawed in order to expose the carbohydrate groups of rhodopsin which are oriented intraluminally in situ, were incubated with monolayers of RPE cells under various conditions, and the binding of the membranes by the cells was quantitated by radioimmunoassay for rhodopsin.	Carbohydrates	57-69	rhodopsin	Gallus gallus	80-89
2432837-0	1986	Structural features of bovine fetuin revealed from analysis of the primary translation product: anomalous behavior on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is due largely to peptide and not solely to carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	220-232	alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein	Oryctolagus cuniculus	30-36
3700232-5	1986	The precise mechanism for the secondary diabetes mellitus was not determined; however, the cause was suspected to be a result of the synthesis and release of a hormonal substance by the tumor that affected carbohydrate metabolism and resulted in decreased peripheral sensitivity to insulin.	Carbohydrates	206-218	INS	Equus caballus	282-289
2430697-9	1986	In immunoblotting experiments the binding of all three antibodies to this glycoprotein was affected by sodium periodate and/or neuraminidase treatment, suggesting that the antibodies recognize carbohydrate epitopes.	Carbohydrates	193-205	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	127-140
2430697-10	1986	Thus, heterogeneity in expression of mucin-like glycoprotein antigens can result from heritable variations which affect expression of multiple carbohydrate epitopes.	Carbohydrates	143-155	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	37-42
3827820-1	1986	The insulin receptor is synthesized as a 190,000-Mr single-chain precursor that contains exclusively asparagine-N-linked high-mannose-type carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	139-151	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	4-20
3699045-4	1986	A second fraction, designated BF1, adhered to concanavalin A-Sepharose exclusively through its carbohydrate recognition site.	Carbohydrates	95-107	MHC BF1 class I	Gallus gallus	30-33
2870685-0	1986	[Cancer-associated mucin detected by monoclonal anti-carbohydrate antibodies].	Carbohydrates	53-65	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	19-24
3511849-10	1986	The results demonstrate that neonatal rat liver is competent to respond to high carbohydrate intake by induction of glucokinase and malic enzyme.	Carbohydrates	80-92	glucokinase	Rattus norvegicus	116-127
3790542-0	1986	An avian serum alpha 1-glycoprotein, hemopexin, differing significantly in both amino acid and carbohydrate composition from mammalian (beta-glycoprotein) counterparts.	Carbohydrates	95-107	hemopexin	Homo sapiens	37-46
3788719-4	1986	Neuroendocrine factors, such as thyrotropin-releasing hormone, appear to modulate the carbohydrate structure of secreted TSH, which results in a change in the relative bioactivity of the circulating hormone.	Carbohydrates	86-98	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	32-61
3960025-11	1986	From the above observation, it has been suggested that IAP may be indicated for the abnormal carbohydrate metabolism after pancreatectomy, if pancreatectomy is not too extensive.	Carbohydrates	93-105	Cd47 molecule	Rattus norvegicus	55-58
2419310-2	1986	B. subtilis cells containing this gene express and secrete an amylase which resembles the B. polymyxa beta-amylase and barley beta-amylase in terms of the products it generates during carbohydrate hydrolysis.	Carbohydrates	184-196	1,4-alpha-D-glucan maltohydrolase	Hordeum vulgare	102-114
2419310-2	1986	B. subtilis cells containing this gene express and secrete an amylase which resembles the B. polymyxa beta-amylase and barley beta-amylase in terms of the products it generates during carbohydrate hydrolysis.	Carbohydrates	184-196	1,4-alpha-D-glucan maltohydrolase	Hordeum vulgare	126-138
2415552-1	1985	The antigenic epitope detected on myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG) by the monoclonal antibody HNK-1 (Leu 7) was sensitive to degradation by trifluoromethane-sulfonic acid (TFMS) and is therefore probably carbohydrate in nature.	Carbohydrates	208-220	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	98-103
3790542-15	1986	In keeping with the finding of a simpler carbohydrate structure, the avian hemopexin exhibits only a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under both nondenaturing and denaturing conditions, whereas the hemopexins of the three mammalian species tested show several bands.	Carbohydrates	41-53	hemopexin	Homo sapiens	75-84
2415552-3	1985	The antigen could be removed from cultured neurons by trypsinization and its resynthesis was blocked by cycloheximide, suggesting that the carbohydrate epitope detected by HNK-1 was attached to a de novo synthesized protein.	Carbohydrates	139-151	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	172-177
2415552-5	1985	Protein components with molecular weights in the ranges of 90-100 kd to 280 kd were observed and comprise a family of glycoproteins containing the HNK-1 reactive carbohydrate epitope present on MAG.	Carbohydrates	162-174	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	147-152
3009799-0	1986	Carbohydrate influences the immunogenic and antigenic characteristics of the ZP3 macromolecule (Mr 55 000) of the pig zona pellucida.	Carbohydrates	0-12	zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 3	Sus scrofa	77-80
2948527-9	1986	Lp(a) consists of an LDL-like particle with a carbohydrate-rich apo (a) attached to the surface of apo B.	Carbohydrates	46-58	lipoprotein(a)	Homo sapiens	0-5
16664556-9	1985	The level of Fru2,6P(2) in guard cells appears to determine the direction in which carbohydrate metabolism proceeds.	Carbohydrates	83-95	zinc finger and BTB domain containing 22	Homo sapiens	13-16
3828488-2	1986	The saccharide binding properties of the lectin show that C-1, C-2, C-4, and C-6 hydroxyl groups of D-galactose are important loci for sugar binding.	Carbohydrates	4-14	complement C6	Homo sapiens	77-80
3853967-2	1985	Values of inhibition maximum and dissociation constants of the reversible C3b-acceptor complex for blastolysin and main immunological active structural moieties of peptidoglycans (GMDP, MDP) and their inactive carbohydrate components (N-acetylglucosaminyl-N-acetylmuramic acid, N-acetylglucosamine, and N-acetylmuramic acid) have been determined.	Carbohydrates	210-222	endogenous retrovirus group K member 3	Homo sapiens	74-77
3712215-5	1986	However, the carbohydrate content of LC-2 was different from that of mouse transferrin.	Carbohydrates	13-25	dynein light chain Tctex-type 2A1	Mus musculus	37-41
3014270-8	1986	Other known apolipoprotein modifications include the modification of apoB, apoC-III, and apoD with carbohydrate chains that contain sialic acid and the proteolytic cleavage of the proapoA-II segment.	Carbohydrates	99-111	apolipoprotein D	Homo sapiens	89-93
3020344-5	1986	An increase of carbohydrates in the diet produces an increase in the HbA1 concentration (1.9% v 3.9%, P less than 0.01) and in serum triglyceride levels (98.75 +/- 22.09 mg/dL v 144.50 +/- 3.52 mg/dL, P less than 0.05).	Carbohydrates	15-28	hemoglobin alpha, adult chain 1	Rattus norvegicus	69-73
4075523-6	1985	These results emphasize the dangers of attempting to assess mucin changes by simple carbohydrate analyses of unfractionated gastric aspirates.	Carbohydrates	84-96	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	60-65
4067424-6	1985	By the zonal method, HDL2 accounted for 27 +/- 4% (mean +/- SEM) of total HDL mass in subjects on the high fat diet as compared to 16 +/- 2% in subjects fed the high carbohydrate diet; by GGE, the HDL2b values were 27 +/- 4% and 14 +/- 1%, respectively.	Carbohydrates	166-178	junctophilin 3	Homo sapiens	21-25
3939989-3	1985	Although the PTS is extremely complex, our understanding of the mechanisms by which it mediates and regulates carbohydrate transport in enteric bacteria is at an advanced stage.	Carbohydrates	110-122	6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase	Homo sapiens	13-16
3020344-9	1986	Blood glucose, triglycerides, and HbA1 levels rose significantly in the four groups of rats that received diets containing 50% carbohydrates in glucose form.	Carbohydrates	127-140	hemoglobin alpha, adult chain 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
3768894-0	1986	Carbohydrate-binding specificity of silkworm lectin.	Carbohydrates	0-12	hemocytin	Bombyx mori	45-51
4043927-1	1985	Previous investigations have demonstrated an increase in monocyte insulin receptor affinity two and five hours following oral carbohydrate loading.	Carbohydrates	126-138	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	66-82
2864750-1	1985	This study compares the ability of unmodified and carbohydrate-modified forms of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (FVIII/vWF) protein to bind to platelets in the presence of ristocetin or thrombin.	Carbohydrates	50-62	coagulation factor VIII	Homo sapiens	116-121
3838750-11	1985	RNA blot analysis showed that refeeding fasted rats a high carbohydrate diet results in a 13-fold increase in the amount of hybridizable hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA which parallels the increase in enzyme activity.	Carbohydrates	59-71	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	145-178
2999283-5	1985	Therefore it was concluded that, with the possible exception of peptides from the N-terminal region of the prohormone, the carbohydrate on POMC plays no role in directing cleavage or in protecting the prohormone from random proteolysis.	Carbohydrates	123-135	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	139-143
3003212-3	1985	PNA is highly specific for the terminal carbohydrate linkage Gal beta-(1----3)-Gal NAc which is only exposed to hCG when the O-serine linked oligosaccharide of its unique beta-CTP region is deficient in sialic acid.	Carbohydrates	40-52	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	112-115
4005322-7	1985	Cathepsin D contains 6.4% carbohydrates consisting of mannose, galactose, fucose and glucosamine at a ratio of 3:9:2:2.	Carbohydrates	26-39	cathepsin D	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-11
3747520-10	1986	Rabbit SBP, however, contains less carbohydrate and has a higher polypeptide molecular weight than all the other SBPs.	Carbohydrates	35-47	sex hormone-binding globulin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	7-10
2982308-8	1985	The coordinate regulation of mRNAs14 by carbohydrate and triiodothyronine and its presence in lipogenic tissues (fat, liver, lactating mammary tissue) suggests that S14 is involved in some aspect of fatty acid synthesis degradation or storage.	Carbohydrates	40-52	thyroid hormone responsive	Homo sapiens	165-168
3965274-0	1985	Gastric emptying and pancreatic polypeptide response to carbohydrate meals.	Carbohydrates	56-68	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	21-43
3965274-6	1985	These studies demonstrate that the pancreatic polypeptide response to carbohydrate meals is still present several years after vagotomy and is unaffected by alterations in the rate of gastric emptying after vagotomy and by the physical consistency and chemical nature of the carbohydrate ingested.	Carbohydrates	70-82	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	35-57
3965274-6	1985	These studies demonstrate that the pancreatic polypeptide response to carbohydrate meals is still present several years after vagotomy and is unaffected by alterations in the rate of gastric emptying after vagotomy and by the physical consistency and chemical nature of the carbohydrate ingested.	Carbohydrates	274-286	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	35-57
4038498-3	1985	Since the carbohydrate moiety of IRBP contains fucose, the authors have analyzed the sites of incorporation of 3H-fucose in the human retina in vitro, using autoradiography.	Carbohydrates	10-22	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	33-37
3993137-4	1985	In patients with the histories and findings of risk factors influencing carbohydrate metabolism the same, though nonsignificant course was found (probably because of the lower number of cases), with a drop in Hb-A1 in the second trimester.	Carbohydrates	72-84	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	209-214
6477648-8	1984	These results suggest that bovine adrenal phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase is a glycosylated protein, containing sialic acid moieties, and that this carbohydrate moiety plays a role in the activation of this enzyme.	Carbohydrates	155-167	phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	Bos taurus	42-80
6236812-1	1984	The beta-hexosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30) isoenzymes were separated on the basis of their carbohydrate moieties by an affinity chromatography using immobilized phenylboronate.	Carbohydrates	86-98	O-GlcNAcase	Homo sapiens	4-23
6089734-2	1984	Hexokinase D was markedly decreased in hepatocytes from animals fasted or fed on the carbohydrate-free diet as well as from diabetic rats, attaining a constant low level of about 17% of normal values.	Carbohydrates	85-97	glucokinase	Rattus norvegicus	0-12
6144742-1	1983	When rats adapted to a stock diet were fed on various high-carbohydrate diets, the hepatic activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme and acetyl-CoA carboxylase were more greatly increased by fructose than by any other carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	59-71	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	105-138
6144742-1	1983	When rats adapted to a stock diet were fed on various high-carbohydrate diets, the hepatic activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme and acetyl-CoA carboxylase were more greatly increased by fructose than by any other carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	238-250	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	105-138
6652634-0	1983	Chemical modification of the C-6 substituent in the carbohydrate moiety of N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP), and the immunoadjuvant activity.	Carbohydrates	52-64	complement C6	Homo sapiens	29-32
6652634-0	1983	Chemical modification of the C-6 substituent in the carbohydrate moiety of N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP), and the immunoadjuvant activity.	Carbohydrates	52-64	dipeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	117-120
6411700-2	1983	The biosynthesis and carbohydrate processing of the insulin receptor were studied in cultured human lymphocytes by means of metabolic and cell surface labeling, immunoprecipitation with anti-receptor autoantibodies, and analysis on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels under reducing conditions.	Carbohydrates	21-33	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	52-68
6411700-12	1983	In conclusion, the Mr = 190,000 component appears to represent the high mannose precursor form of the insulin receptor that undergoes carbohydrate processing and proteolytic cleavage to generate the two major subunits.	Carbohydrates	134-146	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	102-118
6305481-10	1983	The lectin binding heterogeneity of hCG and hCG-alpha indicate structural variations in the carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	92-104	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	36-39
6192127-2	1983	Poly(A+) RNA isolated from livers of rats fed a high carbohydrate diet displayed a 10-fold increase in glucokinase template activity when compared to starved rats.	Carbohydrates	53-65	glucokinase	Rattus norvegicus	103-114
6358145-5	1983	Of these 75 were injecting twice daily short and intermediate acting insulin; in this group there were significant relationships between HbA1 and both care with carbohydrate estimation and eating pattern (P less than 0.05).	Carbohydrates	161-173	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	137-141
6864547-5	1983	These findings indicate that treatment of cells with threo-beta-F-Asn results in the production of a species of POMC which contains little or no carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	145-157	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	112-116
6831404-5	1983	The normal upsurge of glucokinase and malic enzyme upon weaning to the standard solid diet (from the relatively low-carbohydrate-containing milk) was prevented by cancerous growth in the organism.	Carbohydrates	116-128	glucokinase	Rattus norvegicus	22-33
6185390-5	1983	By contrast, after removal of 50% of its carbohydrates, mucin was susceptible to pancreatic proteases: 50% of mucin protein became soluble in 80% vol/vol ethanol after 24-h incubation with alpha-chymotrypsin and elastase, and 24% of mucin protein became soluble in 80% vol/vol ethanol after 24-h incubation with trypsin; after elastase treatment, its elution from Sephadex G-200 was markedly retarded.	Carbohydrates	41-54	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	56-61
6185390-6	1983	We conclude that the carbohydrate side chains of hog gastric mucin glycoprotein protect the underlying polypeptide core from proteolysis and that degradation of the carbohydrate side chains by glycosidases from fecal bacteria renders the polypeptide core susceptible to pancreatic proteases.	Carbohydrates	21-33	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	61-66
6185390-6	1983	We conclude that the carbohydrate side chains of hog gastric mucin glycoprotein protect the underlying polypeptide core from proteolysis and that degradation of the carbohydrate side chains by glycosidases from fecal bacteria renders the polypeptide core susceptible to pancreatic proteases.	Carbohydrates	165-177	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	61-66
6847629-9	1983	It is concluded that heparin oligosaccharides require saccharide units in addition to the anti-thrombin III-binding sequence in order to fully interact with PF4.	Carbohydrates	34-44	platelet factor 4	Homo sapiens	157-160
6825695-12	1983	The predominance of the ATP citrate lyase activity in the perivenous, mainly glycolytic zone supports the hypothesis of the coordinate zonation of the carbohydrate and the lipid metabolism in the liver parenchyma.	Carbohydrates	151-163	ATP citrate lyase	Rattus norvegicus	24-41
3911725-4	1985	Haptoglobin and hemopexin showed positive correlations with serum triglycerides (both p less than 0.01) and slight positive correlations with some of the variables of carbohydrate control.	Carbohydrates	167-179	hemopexin	Homo sapiens	16-25
3934006-0	1985	[Development of two assay systems of desialylated hCG specific for O-serine or N-asparagine linked carbohydrate chain and their clinical application].	Carbohydrates	99-111	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	50-53
3934006-3	1985	PNA is highly specific for the terminal carbohydrate linkage Gal beta-(1----3)-GalNAc which is only exposed in hCG when the O-serine linked oligosaccharide of its unique beta-CTP region are desialylated.	Carbohydrates	40-52	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	111-114
3934006-4	1985	RCA-I is also specific for the terminal carbohydrate beta-D-Galp., especially the linkage of Gal beta-(1----4)-GlcNAc, which is exposed in hCG when the N-asparagine linked oligosaccharide of its alpha and beta subunits are desialylated.	Carbohydrates	40-52	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	139-142
4015764-3	1985	However, if the HbA1 level was elevated in patients suspected of carbohydrate intolerance, but who had a normal glucose tolerance test, the perinatal outcome in terms of macrosomia and neonatal metabolic abnormalities was similar to that of the group with gestational diabetes.	Carbohydrates	65-77	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	16-20
3903797-2	1985	It was hypothesized that if insulin produced hyperphagia in hamsters by the activation of a glucoprivic feeding mechanism, a selective increase in carbohydrate consumption would be observed.	Carbohydrates	147-159	insulin	Mesocricetus auratus	28-35
3095634-11	1986	The carbohydrates lactose and oligosaccharides as supplements to breast milk are hydrolysed by lactase, sucrase-isomaltase and maltase-glucoamylase.	Carbohydrates	4-17	lactase	Homo sapiens	95-102
4028042-3	1985	of the carbohydrate constituents of glycoproteins is proposed which involves (a) simultaneous action of neuraminidase and neuraminic acid aldolase, (b) hydrolysis with 4M trifluoroacetic acid at 125 degrees for 1 h, and (c) conversion of the products into O-methyloxime acetates and g.l.c.	Carbohydrates	7-19	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	104-117
3972221-4	1985	Infusion of fat into the ileum (a) slowed the transit of a liquid meal through the stomach, (b) delayed the arrival of the liquid meal in the ileum and increased its residence in the upper small intestine, (c) reduced the average flow of digesta through the upper small intestine and altered the pattern of flow, (d) reduced the volume of the meal entering the ileum, and (e) reduced the degree of carbohydrate absorption in the upper small intestine.	Carbohydrates	398-410	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	12-15
3095634-11	1986	The carbohydrates lactose and oligosaccharides as supplements to breast milk are hydrolysed by lactase, sucrase-isomaltase and maltase-glucoamylase.	Carbohydrates	4-17	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	127-147
2873841-3	1986	In the animals fed carbohydrate without protein, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA activity increased to 50% of the level in rats fed the carbohydrate and protein diet, whereas the enzyme activity increased to only 25%.	Carbohydrates	19-31	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	49-82
3917866-1	1985	The role of carbohydrate in the interaction of human migration inhibitory factor (MIF) with human peripheral blood monocytes was investigated by studying the effects of different exoglycosidases on the cellular response to MIF.	Carbohydrates	12-24	macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens	53-80
3917866-1	1985	The role of carbohydrate in the interaction of human migration inhibitory factor (MIF) with human peripheral blood monocytes was investigated by studying the effects of different exoglycosidases on the cellular response to MIF.	Carbohydrates	12-24	macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens	82-85
2873841-3	1986	In the animals fed carbohydrate without protein, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA activity increased to 50% of the level in rats fed the carbohydrate and protein diet, whereas the enzyme activity increased to only 25%.	Carbohydrates	143-155	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	49-82
2873841-4	1986	By feeding a protein diet (without carbohydrate), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity increased to 65% of the level in rats fed both carbohydrate and protein.	Carbohydrates	140-152	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	50-83
3713442-13	1986	The difference in the mobility of the various isoforms is due to post-translational modification of the protein by various carbohydrate residues; treatment of the protein with neuraminidase results in the conversion of the different isoforms to a single isoform.	Carbohydrates	123-135	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	176-189
3967040-2	1985	The mucin contained 11% carbohydrate, largely as glucosamine, galactose and N-acetylneuraminic acid, and 19% lipid, of which 86% was unesterified fatty acid.	Carbohydrates	24-36	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	4-9
2420367-5	1986	Prolonged pronase digestion of native mucin released large degraded glycopeptide monomers containing all the mucin carbohydrate, and low molecular weight peptides.	Carbohydrates	115-127	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	38-43
2991546-4	1985	These results suggest that carbohydrate side chains are important for the function and/or orientation of the NGF receptor in PC12 cells and that the rapidly dissociating component of NGF binding may be associated with a minimum concentration of functional receptors per cell required for the full biologic response.	Carbohydrates	27-39	nerve growth factor receptor	Rattus norvegicus	109-121
2420367-7	1986	Treatment of native mucin with trifluoromethanesulphonic acid caused a major loss of carbohydrate (approx.	Carbohydrates	85-97	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	20-25
6525608-5	1984	Based upon recoverable weight, the mucin was composed of 75% carbohydrate, 21% protein, and 3% sulfate.	Carbohydrates	61-73	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	35-40
2419343-1	1986	The HNK-1 and L2 monoclonal antibodies are thought to recognize identical or closely associated carbohydrate epitopes on a family of neural plasma membrane glycoproteins, including myelin-associated glycoprotein, the neural cell adhesion molecule, and the L1 and J1 glycoproteins, all of which have been postulated to play a part in mediating cell-cell interactions in the nervous system.	Carbohydrates	96-108	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-9
3766013-0	1986	Effect of inhibition of carbohydrate-mediated endocytosis on catabolism of equine haptoglobin and its complex with haemoglobin in hen.	Carbohydrates	24-36	haptoglobin	Equus caballus	82-93
6439079-14	1984	In contrast to adult lactase, fetal lactase contains sialic acid at the end of carbohydrate side chains.	Carbohydrates	79-91	lactase	Homo sapiens	36-43
2430684-6	1986	The results demonstrate that the enzymatic deglycosylation release almost all the carbohydrates of goiter Tg and that the removal of the carbohydrates of Tg produces a loss of antigenic determinants of the molecule.	Carbohydrates	82-95	thyroglobulin	Homo sapiens	106-108
6436637-4	1984	High-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol decreased 9% during the high-carbohydrate diet because of a 26% fall in the HDL2 fraction (1.063 to 1.125 g/mL).	Carbohydrates	72-84	junctophilin 3	Homo sapiens	119-123
3933422-1	1985	A study was carried out to determine the Michaelian parameters relative to the action of chymosin and pepsin A on bond Phe105-Met106 of bovine kappa0-casein (carbohydrate-free fraction in micellar state).	Carbohydrates	158-170	chymosin	Bos taurus	89-97
6097485-4	1984	Recently, variations in the carbohydrate moieties of hCG in chorio-carcinoma have been suggested.	Carbohydrates	28-40	glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide	Homo sapiens	53-56
6097485-5	1984	However, the immunological method of detecting these malignant transformational changes of carbohydrate units in hCG have not been investigated.	Carbohydrates	91-103	glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide	Homo sapiens	113-116
6097485-6	1984	We therefore attempted to assess the possibility of establishing a radioimmunoassay system which can detect these transformational changes in serine-O-glycosidically linked carbohydrate units of hCG.	Carbohydrates	173-185	glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide	Homo sapiens	195-198
2865015-5	1985	Correlative cytochemical investigations on the tigroid cell foci revealed characteristic changes in carbohydrate metabolism, such as a decrease in the activity of glycogen synthetase and glycogen phosphorylase and an increase in the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.	Carbohydrates	100-112	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	245-278
6431895-0	1984	The role of lysosomal sialidase and beta-galactosidase in processing the complex carbohydrate chains on lysosomal enzymes and possibly other glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	81-93	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	12-31
6431895-0	1984	The role of lysosomal sialidase and beta-galactosidase in processing the complex carbohydrate chains on lysosomal enzymes and possibly other glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	81-93	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	36-54
2864959-7	1985	The differences in the apparent molecular weights of arylsulfatase A in the normal and carcinoma cell lines are shown to be due to variations in the carbohydrate content of the enzyme.	Carbohydrates	149-161	arylsulfatase A	Homo sapiens	53-68
6424571-7	1984	These data suggest that the absence of carbohydrate side chains in cathepsin D results in an enhancement of the degradation rate of the precursor in the endoplasmic reticulum, and the replacement of threonine by beta-hydroxynorvaline in an enhanced degradation of the mature cathepsin D in lysosomes.	Carbohydrates	39-51	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	67-78
6424571-7	1984	These data suggest that the absence of carbohydrate side chains in cathepsin D results in an enhancement of the degradation rate of the precursor in the endoplasmic reticulum, and the replacement of threonine by beta-hydroxynorvaline in an enhanced degradation of the mature cathepsin D in lysosomes.	Carbohydrates	39-51	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	275-286
2995376-2	1985	Insulin receptor kinase activity was measured in partially purified receptor preparations from livers of rats fed a standard diet or subjected to either prolonged fasting or a high carbohydrate (CHO) diet, conditions known to decrease (fasting) and increase (CHO) insulin action.	Carbohydrates	181-193	insulin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	0-16
6232360-6	1984	The C3bR activity was abolished by treatment with 0.25 mM periodic acid, indicating that carbohydrate is a part of the C3bR.	Carbohydrates	89-101	complement C3b/C4b receptor 1 (Knops blood group)	Homo sapiens	4-8
6232360-6	1984	The C3bR activity was abolished by treatment with 0.25 mM periodic acid, indicating that carbohydrate is a part of the C3bR.	Carbohydrates	89-101	complement C3b/C4b receptor 1 (Knops blood group)	Homo sapiens	119-123
2867024-9	1985	These results strongly suggest that the charge heterogeneity of arylsulfatase A is due not only to sialylation but also to phosphorylation at the carbohydrate moiety of the enzyme, and that the extent of substitution by acidic groups, sialic acid residue and phosphate residue, is markedly increased in the tumor enzyme.	Carbohydrates	146-158	arylsulfatase A	Homo sapiens	64-79
6706977-6	1984	Our analysis of these forms of Xenopus fibrinogen demonstrated the presence of a signal peptide on each of the precursor polypeptides, the loss of a COOH-terminal peptide from the pre-A alpha chain, and the presence of one carbohydrate moiety on the mature gamma chain and two carbohydrate moieties on the mature B beta chain.	Carbohydrates	223-235	fibrinogen alpha chain S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	39-49
6706977-6	1984	Our analysis of these forms of Xenopus fibrinogen demonstrated the presence of a signal peptide on each of the precursor polypeptides, the loss of a COOH-terminal peptide from the pre-A alpha chain, and the presence of one carbohydrate moiety on the mature gamma chain and two carbohydrate moieties on the mature B beta chain.	Carbohydrates	277-289	fibrinogen alpha chain S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	39-49
6201272-4	1984	The sulfohexosamine moiety is formed via unsaturated intermediates from a 3-O-substituted 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactosyl residue at the carbohydrate-peptide linkage site when this residue is not substituted at O-4 by another sugar residue.	Carbohydrates	138-150	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-37 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	212-215
4018257-1	1985	Establishment of a novel type of core for a mucin-type carbohydrate chain.	Carbohydrates	55-67	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	44-49
4019785-10	1985	Thus, the frequent presence of beta-CTP fragments in the urines of patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia can be accounted for in part by the metabolism of the forms of hCG that bear an altered carbohydrate structure, which are prevalent in this disease.	Carbohydrates	205-217	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	180-183
2990467-1	1985	To characterize the carbohydrate moieties of the insulin receptor on IM-9 lymphocytes, the cells were surface iodinated and solubilized, and the insulin receptors were precipitated with anti-receptor antibody.	Carbohydrates	20-32	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	49-65
6201937-2	1984	Pharmacologic studies under similar conditions of dietary self-selection suggest that brain 5-HT controls carbohydrate intake [41].	Carbohydrates	106-118	POU class 6 homeobox 1	Rattus norvegicus	86-93
3871874-4	1985	The amino acid composition of gp 160 is compatible with the linkage of carbohydrates (galactose, glucosamine, and sialic acid) to the protein portion.	Carbohydrates	71-84	leucyl/cystinyl aminopeptidase	Mus musculus	30-36
6704377-7	1984	However, chemotactic activity is only minimally reduced subsequent to hydrolysis by both neuraminidase and beta-galactosidase, indicating that receptor recognition and stimulated cell movement are mainly a function of structure of the cyanogen bromide derived fragment rather than of asparagine-linked carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	302-315	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	89-102
6704377-7	1984	However, chemotactic activity is only minimally reduced subsequent to hydrolysis by both neuraminidase and beta-galactosidase, indicating that receptor recognition and stimulated cell movement are mainly a function of structure of the cyanogen bromide derived fragment rather than of asparagine-linked carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	302-315	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	107-125
6828336-9	1983	Significant reductions in triglyceride and ApoD levels were found in infants who subsequently became ill in the postnatal period with problems relating to carbohydrate metabolism (e.g., infants of diabetic mothers).	Carbohydrates	155-167	apolipoprotein D	Homo sapiens	43-47
3993920-1	1985	ATP-citrate lyase (EC 4.1.3.8) was purified to homogeneity from the liver of rats maintained on a diet containing no fat and high carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	130-142	ATP citrate lyase	Rattus norvegicus	0-17
6217209-8	1983	However, in the course of these experiments we did find that HMG 14 and 17 proteins covalently linked to carbohydrate side chains bind preferentially to the nuclear protein matrix of mammalian cells.	Carbohydrates	105-117	high mobility group nucleosome binding domain 1	Homo sapiens	61-67
6546379-8	1984	A 32P-cDNA probe derived from a 1500-base pair insert was used to investigate the basis for the 20-30-fold induction of ATP-citrate lyase that occurs when starved animals are fed a high carbohydrate/low fat diet.	Carbohydrates	186-198	ATP citrate lyase	Mus musculus	120-137
3893876-3	1985	The results suggest that the insulin receptor on rat adipocytes contains sialic acid in its carbohydrate moiety but does not possess non-reducing alpha-D-galactopyranosyl or 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl end groups.	Carbohydrates	92-104	insulin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	29-45
6382903-0	1984	[Insulin receptor and postreceptor disorders: significance for the development and therapy of carbohydrate metabolic disorders].	Carbohydrates	94-106	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	1-17
6409502-7	1983	The kappa-casein-like component of cynomolgus monkey was highly glycosylated (about 50% carbohydrate) similarly as human kappa-casein and the constituent carbohydrates were same as those detected in human kappa-casein (galactose, fucose, N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylglucosamine, and sialic acid).	Carbohydrates	88-100	casein kappa	Homo sapiens	4-16
6409502-7	1983	The kappa-casein-like component of cynomolgus monkey was highly glycosylated (about 50% carbohydrate) similarly as human kappa-casein and the constituent carbohydrates were same as those detected in human kappa-casein (galactose, fucose, N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylglucosamine, and sialic acid).	Carbohydrates	154-167	casein kappa	Homo sapiens	4-16
6217084-4	1983	C3b attachment is covalent, arising from a reaction between an intramolecular thiolester bond in nascent C3b and nucleophiles such as hydroxyl groups on surface carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	161-174	endogenous retrovirus group K member 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
3886595-7	1985	The carbohydrate side-chains are essential to the packaging process that places HEX in the lysosome.	Carbohydrates	4-16	hematopoietically expressed homeobox	Homo sapiens	80-83
6199017-8	1984	Despite the loss of antigenicity, 72h-Pronase-digested glycopeptides retained all of the carbohydrate of the native mucin.	Carbohydrates	89-101	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	116-121
3886595-8	1985	Carbohydrates on lysosomal HEX species clearly differ from those on HEX in serum.	Carbohydrates	0-13	hematopoietically expressed homeobox	Homo sapiens	27-30
6509038-3	1984	Ammonolysis of these lipids has yielded all the carbohydrate (oligosaccharides V, VI, and VIII) as novel, intact oligosaccharides suitable for characterization.	Carbohydrates	48-60	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A	Homo sapiens	90-94
6569837-5	1984	A major determinant of differences in function between mucus samples appears to be the carbohydrate composition of the mucin, after corrections are made for environmental factors such as pH, ionic strength and mucin concentration Mucin behaviour also depends on specific solutes in the secretion, such as Ca2+.	Carbohydrates	87-99	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	119-124
6682090-4	1983	Both G-25 peaks were carbohydrate rich with a protein:carbohydrate ratio (by weight) of 1:4.5 and 1:5.8 for peak 1 and peak 2 respectively.	Carbohydrates	21-33	PEAK1 related, kinase-activating pseudokinase 1	Homo sapiens	119-125
6672808-12	1983	The differential effects of neuraminidase treatment on the intra- and extracellular forms of large alpha-subunit coupled with our findings from acid hydrolysis of the extracellular form suggest that alpha-subunit secreted into the culture medium may contain additional carbohydrate residues not present on the intracellular form.	Carbohydrates	269-281	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	28-41
6387048-7	1984	These results indicate that the insulin receptor in brain is distinguished from those in peripheral tissues by structural alterations, including changes in the carbohydrate moiety of the receptor.	Carbohydrates	160-172	insulin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	32-48
6346428-4	1983	Biosynthetic studies showing the incorporation of all four labeled monosaccharides (fucose, mannose, galactose and glucosamine) into the two major subunits of the insulin receptor suggested that both subunits were likely to contain carbohydrate chains of the complex, N-linked type.	Carbohydrates	232-244	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	163-179
6336560-4	1984	This finding was surprising, since earlier data showed a strong restriction of anti-carbohydrate and anti-PC antibodies to the IgG3 subclass.	Carbohydrates	84-96	Immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 3	Mus musculus	127-131
6502439-9	1984	In patients with thalassemia, HbA1 values as measured by cation exchange column chromatography were elevated despite normal carbohydrate tolerance.	Carbohydrates	124-136	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	30-34
6753587-1	1982	Gestational alterations in carbohydrate metabolism in a group of cynomolgus monkeys were characterized by a decrease in fasting plasma glucose and by an increase in peak plasma insulin response subsequent to a glucose challenge.	Carbohydrates	27-39	insulin	Macaca fascicularis	177-184
6206400-0	1984	Neural cell adhesion molecules and myelin-associated glycoprotein share a common carbohydrate moiety recognized by monoclonal antibodies L2 and HNK-1.	Carbohydrates	81-93	myelin-associated glycoprotein	Mus musculus	35-65
6181061-7	1982	Thus, both thyroid hormone and carbohydrate feeding appear to induce glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase primarily by increasing the effective cellular concentrations of their respective mRNAs and, consequently, their rates of synthesis.	Carbohydrates	31-43	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	69-102
6959991-7	1982	Analysis of the carbohydrates by gas-liquid chromatography demonstrated that the carbohydrate chains of arylsulfatase C were rich in mannose and N-acetyl-glucosamine, suggesting that they are the high mannose-type.	Carbohydrates	16-29	steroid sulfatase	Rattus norvegicus	104-119
6236213-14	1984	Our results suggest that transport of cathepsin D from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex depends on removal of glucose residues from its carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	150-162	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	38-49
6959991-7	1982	Analysis of the carbohydrates by gas-liquid chromatography demonstrated that the carbohydrate chains of arylsulfatase C were rich in mannose and N-acetyl-glucosamine, suggesting that they are the high mannose-type.	Carbohydrates	16-28	steroid sulfatase	Rattus norvegicus	104-119
6129717-4	1982	The amounts of carbohydrate moieties on the heavy chain of plasmin may influence the release of N-terminal peptide from Glu-plasmin.	Carbohydrates	15-27	plasminogen	Homo sapiens	59-66
6129717-4	1982	The amounts of carbohydrate moieties on the heavy chain of plasmin may influence the release of N-terminal peptide from Glu-plasmin.	Carbohydrates	15-27	plasminogen	Homo sapiens	124-131
6417136-4	1983	Lactoperoxidase and non-heme lactoperoxidase contained a similar amount of carbohydrate and gave very similar peptide maps after limited proteolysis by subtilisin or trypsin.	Carbohydrates	75-87	HEME	Bos taurus	24-28
6680308-2	1983	The proteolysis of thyroglobulin was performed after partial cleavage of its carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	77-89	thyroglobulin	Homo sapiens	19-32
6468384-0	1984	Structural changes of carbohydrate chains of human thyroglobulin accompanying malignant transformations of thyroid glands.	Carbohydrates	22-34	thyroglobulin	Homo sapiens	51-64
6684195-5	1983	The existence of the large number of dimeric forms of SBP arises through the combination of many variants of the same two subunits containing different amounts and types of carbohydrate sidechains.	Carbohydrates	173-185	selenium binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	54-57
6890381-8	1982	Both the intact transporter and transporter that had been partially depleted of carbohydrate by treatment with endo-beta-galactosidase were found to migrate anomalously upon sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, relative to the behavior of standard proteins.	Carbohydrates	80-92	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	116-134
6149214-7	1984	These results strongly suggest that the charge heterogeneity of arylsulfatase A is due not only to sialylation but also to phosphorylation at the carbohydrate moiety of the enzyme, and the extent of substitution by acidic groups is markedly increased in the tumor enzyme.	Carbohydrates	146-158	arylsulfatase A	Homo sapiens	64-79
7130856-6	1982	Isocaloric changes in dietary carbohydrate and fat cause significant alterations in plasma levels of VLDL and HDL 2, the two major lipoproteins that transport apoC-III and apoC-II.	Carbohydrates	30-42	junctophilin 3	Homo sapiens	110-115
7130856-6	1982	Isocaloric changes in dietary carbohydrate and fat cause significant alterations in plasma levels of VLDL and HDL 2, the two major lipoproteins that transport apoC-III and apoC-II.	Carbohydrates	30-42	apolipoprotein C2	Homo sapiens	159-166
6308919-8	1983	Key enzymes of energetic utilization of carbohydrates such as fructose-1.6-biphosphatase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were reduced in their activities in livers and kidneys of Zn-deficient animals.	Carbohydrates	40-53	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	93-126
6299612-10	1983	Stimulation of renin release and lipolysis are produced through beta 1-adrenoceptor mechanisms, whereas beta 2 adrenoceptors are important in the provision of carbohydrate as an energy substrate for exercising muscle.	Carbohydrates	159-171	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	104-110
6737077-7	1984	The simulations indicated that radiopharmacokinetic sensitivity to alterations in [HBP] should be possible using a neoglycoalbumin preparation with a carbohydrate density within the range of 15 to 25 galactose units per albumin molecule.	Carbohydrates	150-162	heme binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	83-86
6193640-2	1983	It was found that in vitro pepsin and trypsin inactivate antigenic determinants of bovine serum albumin (BSA) modified by carbohydrate less readily than those of basic protein.	Carbohydrates	122-134	albumin	Gallus gallus	90-103
6833245-9	1983	Significant alterations were also observed in the complex carbohydrates of NGF-treated cells, the most striking of which were an almost 3-fold increase in labeled gangliosides and a 75% increase in trypsin-releasable glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	58-71	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	75-78
6282830-1	1982	A chemical method of deglycosylation of human choriogonadotropin (hCG) was used to assess the role of carbohydrate moiety in the maintenance of quaternary structure and functional parameters such as receptor binding, immunological activity, and in vitro biological response.	Carbohydrates	102-114	hypertrichosis 2 (generalised, congenital)	Homo sapiens	66-69
6282830-2	1982	Treatment of purified hCG with anhydrous HF at 0 degrees C for 60 min was effective in removing more than 75% of the carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	117-129	hypertrichosis 2 (generalised, congenital)	Homo sapiens	22-25
6805533-4	1982	The PAS stain can detect as little as 300 ng of carbohydrate in the fVIII/vWf protein.	Carbohydrates	48-60	coagulation factor VIII	Homo sapiens	68-73
6805533-8	1982	This difference does not appear to be related to the sialic acid deficiency but may be related to the distribution or organization of the carbohydrate moieties on the smaller fVIII/vWf multimers.	Carbohydrates	138-150	coagulation factor VIII	Homo sapiens	175-180
6847745-6	1983	Compared to the low Carb diet, the high Carb diet was associated with an increase in the size of HDL2 (116.0 +/- 1.8 vs. 109.1 +/- 1.8 A) and in the content (mean weight % +/- SEM) of apoE (2.81 +/- 0.71 vs. 1.79 +/- 0.49, P less than 0.01) and of apoC-II (1.73 +/- 0.09 vs. 1.11 +/- 0.12, P less than 0.01).	Carbohydrates	40-44	junctophilin 3	Homo sapiens	97-101
6587385-4	1984	The cathepsin D molecule contains 339 amino acid residues in two polypeptide chains: a 97-residue light chain and a 242-residue heavy chain, with a combined Mr of 36,779 (without carbohydrate).	Carbohydrates	179-191	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	4-15
6847745-6	1983	Compared to the low Carb diet, the high Carb diet was associated with an increase in the size of HDL2 (116.0 +/- 1.8 vs. 109.1 +/- 1.8 A) and in the content (mean weight % +/- SEM) of apoE (2.81 +/- 0.71 vs. 1.79 +/- 0.49, P less than 0.01) and of apoC-II (1.73 +/- 0.09 vs. 1.11 +/- 0.12, P less than 0.01).	Carbohydrates	40-44	apolipoprotein C2	Homo sapiens	248-255
6847745-11	1983	We suggest that the increased amount of apolipoprotein E in HDL2 may influence its rate of catabolic clearance and may account for the well-known decrease in plasma HDL-cholesterol in subjects on high Carb diets.	Carbohydrates	201-205	junctophilin 3	Homo sapiens	60-64
6338160-7	1983	Using quantitative immunoelectrophoresis, the action of NGF on NILE GP was represent an increase in the amount of protein, rather than a selective increase in carbohydrate incorporation.	Carbohydrates	159-171	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
6807693-0	1982	Insulin receptor binding increased by high carbohydrate low fat diet in non-insulin-dependent diabetics.	Carbohydrates	43-55	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	0-16
6122636-7	1982	Arylsulfatase A polypeptides appear to contain two carbohydrate side chains.	Carbohydrates	51-63	arylsulfatase A	Homo sapiens	0-15
6732782-1	1984	The effect of dietary carbohydrate on rat liver glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase synthesis has been determined by using a method which can accurately quantitate relative rates of synthesis as low as 0.001 percent of total protein synthesis.	Carbohydrates	22-34	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	48-81
6177204-0	1982	Structural and antigenic diversity in mucin carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	44-56	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	38-43
6732782-3	1984	The relative rate of synthesis of G6PD increased 70-fold (from 0.0015 to 0.11% of total protein synthesis) in hepatocytes from fasted rats refed a high carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	152-164	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
6538853-5	1984	The schism in carbohydrate metabolism in the pgi- fibroblasts is clearly reflected through the development of the metabolically mediated curb of the hexose transport or uptake system.	Carbohydrates	14-26	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	45-48
6233956-4	1983	Limited trypsinisation or treatment of Lp(a) with neuraminidase changed the surface of that lipoprotein so that no precipitation could be caused by lysolecithin, indicating the role of the protein-carbohydrate part for the aggregation.	Carbohydrates	197-209	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	50-63
6198055-4	1983	We were also able to show that the levels of specific mRNA for pancreatic amylase and serine protease zymogens could directly be related to the amount of carbohydrate or protein in the diet.	Carbohydrates	154-166	kallikrein 1-related peptidase C8	Rattus norvegicus	86-101
6202333-1	1984	Described is a novel method of fabrication of crystallized carbohydrate spheres with entrapped substances where it is shown that entrapped peptide hormones such as insulin and interferon, enzymes such as plasmin and beta-galactosidase and monoclonal antibodies retain their biological activity after release from the matrix.	Carbohydrates	59-71	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	216-234
6750606-6	1982	The carbohydrate-containing Mr 83,000 subunit was enzymatically inactive but stabilized the Mr 48,000 subunit at 37 degrees C. Trypsin, plasmin, and plasma or urinary kallikrein cleaved carboxypeptidase N into lower molecular weight active fragments, which were unstable at 37 degrees C. Cleavage of the Mr 48,000 subunit with the same enzymes increased activity and yielded fragments of Mr 29,000 or less.	Carbohydrates	4-16	plasminogen	Homo sapiens	136-143
7130759-5	1982	We conclude that the carbohydrate of IFN-beta is not essential for its biological activity on cells in culture.	Carbohydrates	21-33	interferon beta 1	Homo sapiens	37-45
6176990-8	1982	The effect of insulin on the blood levels of PAPP-A suggests that the concentration of PAPP-A is capable of altering significantly in response to certain physiological changes associated with the control of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	207-219	pappalysin 1	Homo sapiens	45-51
6322686-1	1984	To investigate the role of the carbohydrate moiety of human choriogonadotropin (hCG) in its thyrotropic activity, highly purified hCG and its desialylated subunits were treated with anhydrous HF/anisole (1 h, 0 degree C).	Carbohydrates	31-43	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	80-83
6176990-8	1982	The effect of insulin on the blood levels of PAPP-A suggests that the concentration of PAPP-A is capable of altering significantly in response to certain physiological changes associated with the control of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	207-219	pappalysin 1	Homo sapiens	87-93
7116358-2	1982	The mucin fraction was isolated by precipitation with Cetavlon, and characterized in terms of amino acid and carbohydrate composition.	Carbohydrates	109-121	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	4-9
6284772-1	1982	Surface carbohydrates of Friend erythroleukemic-cells were modified by treatment with the exoglycosidases, alpha-galactosidase, beta-galactosidase, and neuraminidase without affecting cell growth and viability either in the presence of absence of 1.8% DMSO as inducer.	Carbohydrates	8-21	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	128-146
6284772-1	1982	Surface carbohydrates of Friend erythroleukemic-cells were modified by treatment with the exoglycosidases, alpha-galactosidase, beta-galactosidase, and neuraminidase without affecting cell growth and viability either in the presence of absence of 1.8% DMSO as inducer.	Carbohydrates	8-21	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	152-165
7317438-2	1981	Neuraminidase activities were assayed using the radioactive-labeled derivatives of these saccharide substrates.	Carbohydrates	89-99	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	0-13
6322686-8	1984	These results demonstrate that the carbohydrate moieties of both hCG subunits impede the process of recognition of hCG by the TSH receptor, while the carbohydrate moiety of the alpha-subunit, but not that of the beta-subunit, is essential for the process of hCG activation of thyroidal adenylate cyclase.	Carbohydrates	35-47	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	65-68
6322686-8	1984	These results demonstrate that the carbohydrate moieties of both hCG subunits impede the process of recognition of hCG by the TSH receptor, while the carbohydrate moiety of the alpha-subunit, but not that of the beta-subunit, is essential for the process of hCG activation of thyroidal adenylate cyclase.	Carbohydrates	35-47	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	115-118
6322686-8	1984	These results demonstrate that the carbohydrate moieties of both hCG subunits impede the process of recognition of hCG by the TSH receptor, while the carbohydrate moiety of the alpha-subunit, but not that of the beta-subunit, is essential for the process of hCG activation of thyroidal adenylate cyclase.	Carbohydrates	35-47	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	115-118
7037958-1	1982	Streptococcal group A carbohydrate, which elicits mouse antibody of primarily the IgM and IgG3 isotypes, is relatively nonimmunogenic in nu/nu or xid mice, and thus appears to be a type of TD-2 antigen.	Carbohydrates	22-34	Immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 3	Mus musculus	90-94
7037958-3	1982	Our findings indicate that TD-2 properties may also be a characteristic of at least some carbohydrate antigens that can elicit IgG antibody predominantly of the IgG3 class.	Carbohydrates	89-101	Immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 3	Mus musculus	161-165
6363072-1	1984	An intramolecular turnover of the terminal carbohydrates L-fucose, N-acetylneuraminic acid and D-galactose is a characteristic property of several liver plasma membrane glycoproteins, first demonstrated for dipeptidylaminopeptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5., DPP IV).	Carbohydrates	43-56	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	250-256
6952252-9	1982	First, an alteration in the exposed, nonreducing carbohydrate residues occurs in human colonic mucin during the process of goblet cell differentiation.	Carbohydrates	49-61	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	95-100
6270119-3	1981	Preparations of asialoagalactothyroglobulin exhibit the best binding, suggesting that exposed N-acetylglucosamine residues on the B carbohydrate chain of thyroglobulin play an important role in the interaction of thyroglobulin with the thyroid membranes.	Carbohydrates	132-144	thyroglobulin	Bos taurus	30-43
6270119-3	1981	Preparations of asialoagalactothyroglobulin exhibit the best binding, suggesting that exposed N-acetylglucosamine residues on the B carbohydrate chain of thyroglobulin play an important role in the interaction of thyroglobulin with the thyroid membranes.	Carbohydrates	132-144	thyroglobulin	Bos taurus	154-167
7262519-4	1981	Extensive degradation of the mucin carbohydrate moieties occurred in all systems, but the degradation of mucin protein was less.	Carbohydrates	35-47	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	29-34
7262519-5	1981	During a 48-h incubation, the average percent degradation of mucin carbohydrates and mucin protein were respectively 96% and 57% in eight fecal cultures, 66% and 15% by four fecal culture supernates, and 78% and 43% by three fecal extracts.	Carbohydrates	67-80	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	61-66
6952252-10	1982	Second, an exposed carbohydrate structure that is not normally present in human tissues is expressed in the mucin produced by malignant colonic epithelium.	Carbohydrates	19-31	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	108-113
6952252-11	1982	Third, the presence of the cancer-associated carbohydrate structure in the mucin of transitional mucosa suggests that this tissue may be in the process of early malignant transformation.	Carbohydrates	45-57	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	75-80
7262519-7	1981	We conclude that, as in the rat, the human enteric microflora degrades mucin carbohydrate moieties extensively and the mucin protein to a lesser extent.	Carbohydrates	77-89	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	71-76
6714940-0	1984	Structural studies on O- and N-glycosidically linked carbohydrate chains on Collocalia mucin.	Carbohydrates	53-65	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	87-92
6947231-4	1981	The quantity and structure of the carbohydrate chains susceptible to endo-beta-galactosidase ("lactosaminoglycan") are also significantly different among cell lines.	Carbohydrates	34-46	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	74-92
7055601-2	1982	The induction of ATP-citrate lyase activity in mouse liver dietary carbohydrate (glucose) in markedly reduced by including in the diet a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids.	Carbohydrates	67-79	ATP citrate lyase	Mus musculus	17-34
6422984-4	1984	One molecule of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone is bound per dimer with a KD equal to 1.6 nM at 11 degrees C. Isoelectric focusing patterns reveal the presence of at least 12 different forms of dimeric SBP molecules probably resulting from the presence of different amounts or types of carbohydrate side chains.	Carbohydrates	282-294	selenium binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	198-201
7061110-8	1982	The potential of mC3bR to react with C3b-carrying particles was not destroyed by heat and trypsin treatment but by neuraminidase or periodic acid treatment suggesting that mC3bR reacted by its carbohydrate moiety with C3b.	Carbohydrates	193-205	endogenous retrovirus group K member 3	Homo sapiens	18-21
7061110-8	1982	The potential of mC3bR to react with C3b-carrying particles was not destroyed by heat and trypsin treatment but by neuraminidase or periodic acid treatment suggesting that mC3bR reacted by its carbohydrate moiety with C3b.	Carbohydrates	193-205	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	115-128
7061110-8	1982	The potential of mC3bR to react with C3b-carrying particles was not destroyed by heat and trypsin treatment but by neuraminidase or periodic acid treatment suggesting that mC3bR reacted by its carbohydrate moiety with C3b.	Carbohydrates	193-205	endogenous retrovirus group K member 3	Homo sapiens	37-40
6456774-0	1981	[Ratio between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in muscle cell energy metabolism during ATPase loading.	Carbohydrates	15-27	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	89-95
6535447-6	1984	Immunoreactive hCG in cytosol eluted before native highly purified hCG and that altered hCG form may reflect changes in the carbohydrate component of hCG, metabolism of the protein core, or both.	Carbohydrates	124-136	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	15-18
6792023-1	1981	The hypothalamus is known to participate in the control of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and, therefore, the hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone, TRH, could possibly be involved in these control functions.	Carbohydrates	59-71	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Oryctolagus cuniculus	126-155
6792023-1	1981	The hypothalamus is known to participate in the control of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and, therefore, the hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone, TRH, could possibly be involved in these control functions.	Carbohydrates	59-71	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Oryctolagus cuniculus	157-160
7197677-9	1981	Selective incorporation of [3H] fucose into the H protomer suggests that differences in carbohydrate composition account for at least part of the difference between H and L. These results support the conclusion that native ABP is composed of two kinds of protomers which exist in a ratio of 3:1.	Carbohydrates	88-100	sex hormone binding globulin	Rattus norvegicus	223-226
6740235-4	1984	These molecules may then associate by the chelation of divalent copper, via the carboxylic acid groups of the terminal sialic acid moieties of the carbohydrate side chains, to form the mucin per se.	Carbohydrates	147-159	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	185-190
6164726-7	1981	The antigen shows sensitivity to high concentrations of chaotropic reagents and especially to sulfhydryl reagents, even in low concentrations, which supports earlier results indicating that the CSAp antigenic determinant is associated with the polypeptide chain rather than with a carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	281-293	ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit	Homo sapiens	194-198
6783065-1	1981	This study establishes a convenient method for screening plasma samples for abnormalities of the carbohydrate content of the factor VIII (FVIII) molecule.	Carbohydrates	97-109	coagulation factor VIII	Homo sapiens	138-143
6783065-1	1981	This study establishes a convenient method for screening plasma samples for abnormalities of the carbohydrate content of the factor VIII (FVIII) molecule.	Carbohydrates	97-109	coagulation factor VIII	Homo sapiens	125-136
6423045-7	1983	The change in HbA1 showed an appreciable correlation with dietary compliance as judged by day to day consistency in carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	116-128	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	14-18
7460843-5	1981	Since proteins synthesized by a cell-free system are not glycosylated, the difference in molecular weight can probably be accounted for by the carbohydrate content of plasma CBG.	Carbohydrates	143-155	serpin family A member 6	Rattus norvegicus	174-177
6197305-0	1983	Structure determination of the carbohydrate chains of rat alpha-fetoprotein.	Carbohydrates	31-43	alpha-fetoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	58-75
6270289-1	1981	This study was conducted to investigate the effects of various proportions of dietary carbohydrate and fat in diet on protein and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	130-142	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
6270289-6	1981	However, in the rats fed on the 30% carbohydrate-50% fat diet, the urinary excretion of nitrogen and urea were reduced in both groups and these findings were reflected in the reduced serum urea level.	Carbohydrates	36-48	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-56
7215724-2	1981	The gastric emptying rate of a carbohydrate-rich breakfast 20 min after the start of each PP infusion was not significantly different from a control infusion of 0.15 M saline.	Carbohydrates	31-43	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	90-92
7209966-3	1980	The results of determination of the reducing hexuronic acid and N-acetylhexosamine before and after digestion of the subfraction with beta-glucuronidase and beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase, together with previous data indicated that 0.36 and 0.37 mol of glucuronic acid and N-acetylgalactosamine, respectively, per mol of the subfraction were located at the non-reducing terminals of the carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	384-396	glucuronidase beta	Homo sapiens	134-152
6169340-10	1980	It was found that the molecular weight of the PAPP-A polypeptide exceeded that of alpha 2M by 3.3%, but that the total carbohydrate content of PAPP-A exceeded that of alpha 2M by 10% and that its neutral carbohydrate content exceeded that of alpha 2M by between 7.4 and 9.0%.	Carbohydrates	119-131	pappalysin 1	Homo sapiens	143-149
6197305-3	1983	Based on methylation analysis and high-resolution 1H-NMR spectroscopy of the re-N-acetylated hydrazinolysates, the carbohydrate structures of the two ConA-molecular variants of alpha-fetoprotein were established.	Carbohydrates	115-127	alpha-fetoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	177-194
6417110-1	1983	Mutations in carbohydrate-negative mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 individually deficient in glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (zwf), 6-phosphogluconate dehydratase (edd), or pyruvate carboxylase (pyc) were mapped on the chromosome by plasmid R68.45-mediated conjugation and by bacteriophage F116L-mediated transduction.	Carbohydrates	13-25	phosphogluconate dehydratase	Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1	173-176
6933473-4	1980	CNBr cleavage of H-2Kk heavy chains labeled with [3H]fucose indicated that the carbohydrate moieties are located on fragments II and IV.. Incubation of cells with 32PO4 gave H-2 molecules with radioactive phosphoserine in the carboxyl-terminal CNBr fragment (VI) of the heavy chain and in the fraction containing beta 2-microglobulin.	Carbohydrates	79-91	beta-2 microglobulin	Mus musculus	313-333
6311200-1	1983	Homologous species specificity is demonstrated with bovine and human thyroglobulin in which the two terminal sugars of the B carbohydrate chain, sialic acid and galactose have been removed by enzymatic hydrolysis.	Carbohydrates	125-137	thyroglobulin	Homo sapiens	69-82
6774338-1	1980	HUMAN ERYTHROBLASTS IN CULTURE, IRRESPECTIVE OF THE ONTOGENIC STAGE OF THEIR PROGENITORS, ARE CHARACTERIZED BY: (i) the barely detectable amount of band 3 glycoprotein, (ii) the presence of two glycoproteins with molecular weights 105,000 and 95,000, (iii) the high concentration of glycophorin, and (iv) a minimum quantity of the carbohydrate chain susceptible to endo-beta-galactosidase ("polylactosaminoglycan").	Carbohydrates	331-343	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	370-388
7382829-0	1980	Effects of short-term high carbohydrate, fat-free diet on plasma levels of Apo C-II and Apo C-III and on the Apo C subspecies in human plasma lipoproteins.	Carbohydrates	27-39	apolipoprotein C2	Homo sapiens	75-97
6870934-9	1983	Amino acid analyses showed the two kininogen fractions to be rich in acidic amino acids and to have a total carbohydrate content of 8.5% consisting of galactose (1.2 to 1.5%), mannose (1.9 to 2.1%), N-acetylglucosamine (4.3 to 5.1%), N-acetylgalactosamine (0.3%), and sialic acid (0.68%).	Carbohydrates	108-120	kininogen 2-like 1	Rattus norvegicus	35-44
6774773-2	1980	Enzymes producing glucose by hydrolysis of saccharides (glucamylase, invertase, cellulase) as well as glucose consuming systems (hexo-kinase, glucose dehydrogenase) have been coupled to glucose oxidase.	Carbohydrates	43-54	hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase/glucose 1-dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	142-163
548048-3	1979	Therefore we believe that the HbA1 concentration can be considered an index of the degree of carbohydrate imbalance in arteriosclerotic patients who frequently have high triglyceride levels and carbohydrate intolerance.	Carbohydrates	93-105	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	30-34
548048-3	1979	Therefore we believe that the HbA1 concentration can be considered an index of the degree of carbohydrate imbalance in arteriosclerotic patients who frequently have high triglyceride levels and carbohydrate intolerance.	Carbohydrates	194-206	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	30-34
6445762-4	1980	Simple as it is, the model can explain the following properties of carbohydrate metabolism: a drastic rise of the rate of glucose consumption during transition to a higher level of ATPase load; stabilization of ATP and an increase of the steady state rates of glycolysis and oxidation of cytoplasmic NADH by the H-transporting shuttles and of pyruvate in the Krebs cycle with increasing rate of the ATPase load; activation of glycolysis and a decrease of the rate of oxidative phosphorylation following an inhibition of the H-transporting shuttles.	Carbohydrates	67-79	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	181-187
6445762-4	1980	Simple as it is, the model can explain the following properties of carbohydrate metabolism: a drastic rise of the rate of glucose consumption during transition to a higher level of ATPase load; stabilization of ATP and an increase of the steady state rates of glycolysis and oxidation of cytoplasmic NADH by the H-transporting shuttles and of pyruvate in the Krebs cycle with increasing rate of the ATPase load; activation of glycolysis and a decrease of the rate of oxidative phosphorylation following an inhibition of the H-transporting shuttles.	Carbohydrates	67-79	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	399-405
6882395-13	1983	Renaturation, and the production of OAR, occurs regardless of the oxidation state of the disulphide bonds, of phosphorylation of the protein, and of the presence or the absence of the single carbohydrate chain.	Carbohydrates	191-203	Ocular albinism, autosomal recessive	Homo sapiens	36-39
7354721-8	1980	After covariance adjustment for age, sex, race, and Quetelet index, children having the highest levels of C-HDL had the lowest intake of dietary carbohydrate and total calories.	Carbohydrates	145-157	chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 1 like	Homo sapiens	106-111
6255907-5	1980	Statistically significant differences in the activity of carbohydrate metabolism enzymes in small cell carcinoma and other histological forms of lung cancer were found: a significant increase in G-6-PDH and LDH and relative decline in the activity of SDH and alpha-GPDH.	Carbohydrates	57-69	hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase/glucose 1-dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	195-210
6255907-5	1980	Statistically significant differences in the activity of carbohydrate metabolism enzymes in small cell carcinoma and other histological forms of lung cancer were found: a significant increase in G-6-PDH and LDH and relative decline in the activity of SDH and alpha-GPDH.	Carbohydrates	57-69	serine dehydratase	Homo sapiens	251-254
92572-8	1979	P120 lacks detectable carbohydrate, is not affected by endoglycosidase H, and cannot be labeled by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination.	Carbohydrates	22-34	catenin delta 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
730552-6	1978	This phenomenon indicates that the Golgi apparatus has a functional polarity for the addition of carbohydrates to thyroglobulin and other proteins.	Carbohydrates	97-110	thyroglobulin	Mus musculus	114-127
6300050-8	1983	Thus, removal of carbohydrate residues (approximately 75% loss) from hCG renders the hormone more resistant to thermal denaturation.	Carbohydrates	17-29	hypertrichosis 2 (generalised, congenital)	Homo sapiens	69-72
6778524-10	1980	When enzyme uptake by liver was inhibited by injection of ovomucoid or mannans, however, the hyperbaric oxygen-induced apparent uptake of beta-hexosaminidase by brain, cerebellum, and spinal cord was 200-500 U/gr of blood-free tissue, suggesting that the transport mechanism involved (presumably at the level of the nervous system vascular endothelium) is different from the carbohydrate-dependent hepatic uptake.	Carbohydrates	375-387	O-GlcNAcase	Homo sapiens	138-157
701248-4	1978	The carbohydrate associated with the Band 3 polypeptide appears to be attached at a single site in the COOH-terminal third of the molecule, to a region with composition Asx1Ser2; this confirms that part of the polypeptide toward the COOH-terminal is outside the cell.	Carbohydrates	4-16	jagged canonical Notch ligand 2	Homo sapiens	169-177
6965350-8	1980	As with ristocetin-induced platelet agglutination, the carbohydrate content plays a significant role in the binding of the factor VIII/von Willebrand factor protein to the platelet.	Carbohydrates	55-67	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A	Homo sapiens	130-134
6833229-0	1983	Effect of the complex carbohydrate moiety on the structure of thyroglobulin.	Carbohydrates	22-34	thyroglobulin	Homo sapiens	62-75
463972-4	1979	However, if placental hCG is rendered carbohydrate free it also does not bind to con A.	Carbohydrates	38-50	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	22-25
7085628-6	1982	This lack of carbohydrate is sufficient to cause the difference in Mr seen in the C4 alpha-chain from these mice.	Carbohydrates	13-25	complement component 4A (Rodgers blood group)	Mus musculus	82-90
463972-5	1979	It is known that carbohydrate-free hCG is cleared rapidly from the circulation and thus possesses little or no biological potency in vivo.	Carbohydrates	17-29	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	35-38
656062-4	1978	The proposed neuraminidase deficiency in I-cell disease is discussed in the light of its significance in influencing the final sugar sequence in the carbohydrate structure of the recognition site.	Carbohydrates	149-161	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	13-26
6807693-5	1982	In contrast to the usual low carbohydrate diet, a high carbohydrate diet tends to correct the lowered insulin receptor status observed in maturity-onset diabetics.	Carbohydrates	55-67	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	102-118
7039318-3	1982	The 19-norprogestins can produce these carbohydrate changes and seen to act at the insulin receptor level.	Carbohydrates	39-51	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	83-99
629985-4	1978	Arthrobacter neuraminidase is a monomeric glycoprotein of molecular weight 88 000, has an apparent Km of 7.8-10(-4) M for N-acetylneuraminlactose, is insensitive to inhibition by N-acetylneuraminic acid, and is about 2% carbohydrate by weight.	Carbohydrates	220-232	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	13-26
631248-0	1978	Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity in carbohydrate-induced hypertriglyceridemia in mice.	Carbohydrates	49-61	lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase	Mus musculus	0-36
526733-0	1979	Protection against experimental myocardial ischaemia by L-4-hydroxy-phenylglycine, a new agent which alters myocardial metabolic balance in favour of carbohydrate utilisation [proceedings].	Carbohydrates	150-162	ribosomal protein L4	Homo sapiens	56-59
427745-5	1979	A direct relationship between the differences was found for the activities of some enzymes belonging to carbohydrate metabolism, namely, hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, aldolases A and B, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and the differences found for glucose utilization by the different cell lines.	Carbohydrates	104-116	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	185-218
6951191-6	1982	A probable involvement of a beta-linked galactose-containing carbohydrate chain in the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase alpha 2 is suggested.	Carbohydrates	61-73	DNA polymerase alpha 1, catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	108-128
721897-2	1978	This lectin is a carbohydrate-binding protein that interacts with lactose and other saccharides, undergoes striking changes in specific activity with development, and has previously been purified by affinity chromatography from extracts of embryonic chick brain and muscle.	Carbohydrates	84-95	galectin 3	Gallus gallus	5-11
290735-3	1978	This study showed that selective inhibitors of MAO affect carbohydrate metabolism and that this may be the consequence of increased monoamines in the organs and circulation.	Carbohydrates	58-70	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
7056747-0	1982	An NMR study of 13C-enriched galactose attached to the single carbohydrate chain of hen ovalbumin.	Carbohydrates	62-74	ovalbumin	Bos taurus	88-97
597521-0	1977	[Study of the carbohydrate component of cathepsin D].	Carbohydrates	14-26	cathepsin D	Gallus gallus	40-51
104712-22	1978	beta-Galactosidase A2 contained 7.5% carbohydrate by weight and sialic acid, D-galactose, D-glucosamine and D-mannose were present in the molar proportions 1.1:1.0:1.7:2.7.	Carbohydrates	37-49	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-18
7049109-0	1982	[Dose-dependent action of insulin on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism parameters in swine blood plasma].	Carbohydrates	37-49	insulin	Sus scrofa	26-33
597521-2	1977	A more detailed study of the carbohydrate component was carried out with chicken liver cathepsin D preparation.	Carbohydrates	29-41	cathepsin D	Gallus gallus	87-98
7083820-4	1982	Liver activities for 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase, alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase, serine-pyruvate aminotransferase and serine dehydratase, but not hydroxyproline oxidase, are increased in rats on a high-fat, carbohydrate-free diet.	Carbohydrates	219-231	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Rattus norvegicus	56-91
890979-0	1977	[Heterogeneity of carbohydrate chains of acidic bronchial mucin isolated from the spatum of two subjects with chronic bronchitis].	Carbohydrates	18-30	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	58-63
357425-6	1978	The large invertase of the SUC1 yeasts described here was found to contain a form apparently greater in size than the large invertase of the SUC2 strain FH4C; this probably reflects a higher content of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	202-214	beta-fructofuranosidase SUC2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	141-145
6801813-0	1982	Preliminary results on the carbohydrate moiety of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (FVIII/vWf).	Carbohydrates	27-39	coagulation factor VIII	Homo sapiens	85-90
210818-4	1978	These data and the increased pI obtained after neuraminidase treatment suggest that the plasma form is an isoenzyme with a more highly sialylated carbohydrate moiety than the tissue isoenzymes.	Carbohydrates	146-158	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	47-60
6801813-3	1982	The carbohydrate moiety of this highly purified FVIII/vWf was submitted to analysis by gas liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography before and after hydrazinolysis and alkaline-borohydride treatment.	Carbohydrates	4-16	coagulation factor VIII	Homo sapiens	48-53
326582-5	1977	Because GNRH causes only minor changes in these parameters of carbohydrate metabolism, it would appear to be safe to use in women with ovulatory abnormalities secondary to diabetes mellitus.	Carbohydrates	62-74	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Homo sapiens	8-12
6801813-10	1982	Thus, the high degree of heterogeneity of the FVIII/vWf carbohydrate moiety requires further structural studies in order to precise which class of glycans is involved in the biological activity of FVIII/vWf.	Carbohydrates	56-68	coagulation factor VIII	Homo sapiens	46-51
6801813-10	1982	Thus, the high degree of heterogeneity of the FVIII/vWf carbohydrate moiety requires further structural studies in order to precise which class of glycans is involved in the biological activity of FVIII/vWf.	Carbohydrates	56-68	coagulation factor VIII	Homo sapiens	197-202
306250-9	1978	The two forms of rabbit alpha1-antitrypsin possessed the same N-terminal amino acid (glutamic acid) and had very similar amino acid and carbohydrate compositions.	Carbohydrates	136-148	alpha-1-antitrypsin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	24-42
6976315-3	1981	The intracellular form of Qa-1 is distinct from that of the TL glycoprotein in two ways: (1) its polypeptide backbone is approximately 5000 daltons shorter, and (2) it possesses three sites of high-mannose carbohydrate attachment, while TL has only one.	Carbohydrates	206-218	histocompatibility 2, T region locus 23	Mus musculus	26-30
145894-2	1978	The amino acid and carbohydrate compositions of EDC1 are different from those reported for pregnancy-related urinary trypsin inhibitors.	Carbohydrates	19-31	alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor	Homo sapiens	48-52
597521-6	1977	Analysis of distribution of carbohydrates in the peptides of the trypsin hydrolyzate of cathepsin D allows conclusion that the enzyme molecule has several carbohydrate chains attached to different sites of the molecule.	Carbohydrates	28-41	cathepsin D	Gallus gallus	88-99
849453-4	1977	The glycopeptide fraction from ovalbumin and the type II glycopeptide fractions from thyroglobulin are simple (i.e., the carbohydrate moiety contains only mannose and N-acetylglucosamine).	Carbohydrates	121-133	thyroglobulin	Homo sapiens	85-98
610423-4	1977	Mucolipidosis I thus appears to be a distinct disorder of complex carbohydrate catabolism caused by the genetic deficiency of a neuraminidase.	Carbohydrates	66-78	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	128-141
597521-6	1977	Analysis of distribution of carbohydrates in the peptides of the trypsin hydrolyzate of cathepsin D allows conclusion that the enzyme molecule has several carbohydrate chains attached to different sites of the molecule.	Carbohydrates	28-40	cathepsin D	Gallus gallus	88-99
922552-4	1977	The high molecular weight carbohydrate fraction contained sugars characteristic of plant polysaccharides (arabinose, xylose, mannose, rhamnose) as well as sugars characteristic of mucin (fucose, hexosamines, sialic acids).	Carbohydrates	26-38	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	180-185
6976315-4	1981	In the cell-surface form of Qa-1, all three carbohydrate chains are processed to structures that resist endoglycosidase H digestion, presumably complex-type oligosaccharides.	Carbohydrates	44-56	histocompatibility 2, T region locus 23	Mus musculus	28-32
6976315-5	1981	Concomitant with these late carbohydrate-processing steps is the formation of stable complexes between Qa-1 and beta 2-microglobulin.	Carbohydrates	28-40	histocompatibility 2, T region locus 23	Mus musculus	103-107
6976315-5	1981	Concomitant with these late carbohydrate-processing steps is the formation of stable complexes between Qa-1 and beta 2-microglobulin.	Carbohydrates	28-40	beta-2 microglobulin	Mus musculus	112-132
849417-8	1977	Transferrin-binding activity appears to depend on the carbohydrate moiety of the 176 000 subunit.	Carbohydrates	54-66	serotransferrin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-11
7327293-4	1981	The carbohydrate moiety of the hCG-hydatidiform mole was also suspected to be almost similar to that of hCG-normal pregnancies by the results of their in vitro and in vivo biological activities.	Carbohydrates	4-16	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	31-34
77073-5	1977	EDC1 and HNC1beta possess the same protein but different carbohydrate moieties.	Carbohydrates	57-69	alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor	Homo sapiens	0-4
141952-4	1977	The 5"-nucleotidase inhibition is due to a specific interaction of Con A with carbohydrate groups of the membrane; its high positive cooperativity suggests that the lectin promotes reorganization of the membrane bound 5"-nucleotidase.	Carbohydrates	78-90	CONA	Sus scrofa	67-72
6796571-8	1981	The human kappa-casein contained about 40% carbohydrate (15% galactose, 3% fucose, 15% hexosamines, and 5% sialic acid) and 0.10% (1 mol/mol) phosphorus.	Carbohydrates	43-55	casein kappa	Homo sapiens	10-22
821950-2	1976	ATP citrate lyase was purified by two different procedures from the livers of rats first starved and then fed with a fat-deficient and high carbohydrate-glycerol diet.	Carbohydrates	140-152	ATP citrate lyase	Rattus norvegicus	0-17
6946427-8	1981	These data demonstrate that the major subunits of the insulin receptor are complex glycoproteins that have differences in the nonreducing ends of the carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	150-162	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	54-70
57827-3	1976	Molecular weight of purified EDC1 was 27,000; it contained 27% carbohydrate and was rich in half-cystine (5% of residues).	Carbohydrates	63-75	alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor	Homo sapiens	29-33
1002709-11	1976	All of the urea-insoluble proteins are glycoproteins, and S-7 (35,000) gives the second most intense stain for carbohydrate of all proteins in the microsomal membrane.	Carbohydrates	111-123	surface antigen (chromosome 7) 2	Homo sapiens	58-61
1032601-9	1976	Also, insulin/HCS ratio may be of some aid in the study of carbohydrate intolerance in pregnancy.	Carbohydrates	59-71	holocarboxylase synthetase	Homo sapiens	14-17
6946427-10	1981	These labeling techniques provide new tools to examine the role of the carbohydrate moiety in insulin receptor function and turnover.	Carbohydrates	71-83	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	94-110
172504-1	1975	The role of the carbohydrate part of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was investigated by measuring the ability of hCG derivatives lacking various sugar residues to bind to rat Leydig cells and stimulate them to synthesize testosterone and cyclic adenosine 3":5"-monophosphate (cyclic AMP).	Carbohydrates	16-28	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	43-71
942977-6	1976	The human MBP had a molecular weight of 9,200, contained less than 1% carbohydrate, was rich in arginine, and readily formed disulfide-bonded aggregates.	Carbohydrates	70-82	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	10-13
7023174-1	1981	Previous studies in pregnancy have shown that intravenous infusion of beta 2-sympathomimetic drugs, such as salbutamol, is followed by pronounced carbohydrate and lipid metabolic effects.	Carbohydrates	146-158	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	70-76
942977-11	1976	Human MBP and CLC protein differed in their molecular weights, carbohydrate compositions, and amino acid analyses.	Carbohydrates	63-75	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	6-9
240012-5	1975	Enzyme responses to refeeding the carbohydrate diets fell into three categories: (1) enzyme activity increased both by the disaccharide configuration of the carbohydrate and by fructose (G6PD, PK, CCE, AcCoAC, FAS); (2) enzyme activity increased only by the disaccharide configuration of the carbohydrate (6PGD, ME); and (3) enzyme activity increased only by fructose (PFK, LalphaGPD).	Carbohydrates	34-46	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	187-191
240012-5	1975	Enzyme responses to refeeding the carbohydrate diets fell into three categories: (1) enzyme activity increased both by the disaccharide configuration of the carbohydrate and by fructose (G6PD, PK, CCE, AcCoAC, FAS); (2) enzyme activity increased only by the disaccharide configuration of the carbohydrate (6PGD, ME); and (3) enzyme activity increased only by fructose (PFK, LalphaGPD).	Carbohydrates	34-46	ATP citrate lyase	Rattus norvegicus	197-200
6162639-6	1981	Moreover it was demonstrated that each alpha 1-fetoprotein variant contained either two glycans 1a or two glycans 2a, not randomly, but a pair of the identical carbohydrate chains at the two glycosylation sites.	Carbohydrates	160-172	alpha-fetoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	39-58
175240-18	1976	The proportion of ApoC-II relative to ApoC-III in VLDL increased in each subject on the carbohydrate diet (mean rise was 1.55-fold).	Carbohydrates	88-100	apolipoprotein C2	Homo sapiens	18-25
175240-22	1976	Proportions of ApoC-II rose in both density subfractions on carbohydrate diets.	Carbohydrates	60-72	apolipoprotein C2	Homo sapiens	15-22
7298391-4	1981	The activities of G6PDH, 6PGDH and ME decreased slightly during fasting primarily in zone 1 and increased dramatically on refeeding with a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	153-165	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	18-23
56198-6	1976	Carbohydrate analysis demonstrated that ApoD is a glycoprotein with glucose, mannose, galactose, glucosamine, and sialic acid accounting for 18% of the dry weight of ApoD.	Carbohydrates	0-12	apolipoprotein D	Homo sapiens	40-44
167137-8	1975	On the basis of prior evidence for an early requirement of RNA synthesis for sucrose induction of G6PD, this widespread induction of liver enzymes by carbohydrate must indicate either increased synthesis of ribosomal RNA with later regulation of synthesis specifically of these enzymes or increased synthesis of a rather large group of specific messenger RNAs i.e., coordinate genetic control of a number of these enzyme messenger RNAs.	Carbohydrates	150-162	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	98-102
6270289-8	1981	In contrast, glucose-6-phosphatase activity was enhanced in the animals of the 30% carbohydrate-50% fat diet group as compared to the other groups.	Carbohydrates	83-95	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Rattus norvegicus	100-103
6270289-9	1981	These results suggest that a low carbohydrate-high fat diet causes the reduction of urea formation and the enhancement of glucose formation at a fixed level of protein in the diets in weanling as well as in growing rats.	Carbohydrates	33-45	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
164620-10	1975	The levels of glucokinase in rat liver depend strictly on the supply of carbohydrate in the diet.	Carbohydrates	72-84	glucokinase	Rattus norvegicus	14-25
164620-12	1975	Glucokinase decays with a half-life of 33 hr when rats are starved or fed a carbohydrate-free diet, and is induced by the administration of glucose.	Carbohydrates	76-88	glucokinase	Rattus norvegicus	0-11
1170287-7	1975	These data suggest that the increases in G6PD and 6PGD (and other enzymes) brought about by carbohydrate refeeding AFTER starvation or by carbohydrate meal-feeding on a diurnal cycle are mediated by a rapid change in RNA synthesis.	Carbohydrates	92-104	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	41-45
1170287-7	1975	These data suggest that the increases in G6PD and 6PGD (and other enzymes) brought about by carbohydrate refeeding AFTER starvation or by carbohydrate meal-feeding on a diurnal cycle are mediated by a rapid change in RNA synthesis.	Carbohydrates	138-150	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	41-45
7020283-2	1981	Insulin and glucose levels in relation to protein, fat and carbohydrate intake].	Carbohydrates	59-71	insulin	Sus scrofa	0-7
1155067-6	1975	The porportion of the minor gangliosides with short carbohydrate chains was increased because the reduction affected mainly the four major brain gangliosides GM1, GD1a, GD1b and GT1.	Carbohydrates	52-64	myosin light chain 4	Homo sapiens	178-181
6253579-4	1980	Hydrolytic cleavage of exposed carbohydrate moieties by purified glycosidases revealed increased fluorescence after treatment of fixed cells by neuramindase, no perceptible change after N-acetylhexosaminidase treatment, but a pronounced decrease after exposure to beta-galactosidase.	Carbohydrates	31-43	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	264-282
1209760-1	1975	It is established that in erythrocytes of patients with Erb"s myopathy the total content of carbohydrates is considerably decreased and the content of pentoses is increased.	Carbohydrates	92-105	estrogen receptor 2	Homo sapiens	56-59
807495-3	1975	The allergen (Asc-1) had a molecular weight of 17,000-18,000, had an isoelectric point of 5.0-5.2, contained 8.5% carbohydrate and dissociated in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in SDS as a subunit with a molecular weight of 8.400.	Carbohydrates	114-126	solute carrier family 7 member 10	Rattus norvegicus	14-19
4203144-0	1974	Effect of carbohydrate load by intravenous infusion in fasted rats on liver glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme.	Carbohydrates	10-22	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	76-109
7232771-5	1980	Raised PP levels may contribute to the alterations in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism observed during active inflammatory diseases in man.	Carbohydrates	54-66	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	7-9
4269377-6	1973	Trehalose is located in the cytoplasm, whereas trehalase resides within the protein and carbohydrate matrix of the innermost major cell wall layer of the ascospore.	Carbohydrates	88-100	trehalase	Homo sapiens	47-56
4375575-0	1974	[Proceedings: Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism: specificity of the insulin receptor in obese animals].	Carbohydrates	14-26	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	68-84
7002754-9	1980	These observations indicate that the disturbances in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism produced by oral contraceptives may be associated with damage to beta cells and low circulating insulin in rabbits.	Carbohydrates	53-65	insulin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	183-190
4113166-0	1972	Localisation of carbohydrate in the subunits of human fibinogen and its plasmin induced fragments.	Carbohydrates	16-28	plasminogen	Homo sapiens	72-79
4342427-3	1972	Sequential degradation by beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase, alpha-galactosidase, and beta-galactosidase showed ceramide tetrasaccharides to have identical carbohydrate sequences and anomeric structures.	Carbohydrates	150-162	O-GlcNAcase	Rattus norvegicus	26-53
5017440-2	1972	It was found that in normal rectal mucosa sulphomucins are the main carbohydrate component of the goblet cell mucin.	Carbohydrates	68-80	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	48-53
11452885-4	1971	This increase in 32P labelling corresponded to the increase in ATP citrate lyase activity of livers of rats fed on a high-carbohydrate diet, as reported by others.	Carbohydrates	122-134	ATP citrate lyase	Rattus norvegicus	63-80
7463002-5	1980	The single glycosylated asparagine in HA2 also occurs in CN-I; the carbohydrates moiety is complex.	Carbohydrates	67-80	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IA	Homo sapiens	57-61
7445755-0	1980	Characterization and distribution of soluble and insoluble carbohydrates in lupin seeds.	Carbohydrates	59-72	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IIIA	Homo sapiens	76-81
5418484-8	1970	Feeding a carbohydrate-free diet for 96 hr resulted in increased linoleic acid desaturation but decreased glucokinase and pyruvate kinase activity, thus apparently eliminating a putative correlation between the fatty acid desaturating activity and glycolytic activity or blood insulin levels under these experimental conditions.	Carbohydrates	10-22	glucokinase	Rattus norvegicus	106-117
4978358-0	1969	Effect of insulin on the carbohydrate metabolism of fetal rhesus monkey muscle.	Carbohydrates	25-37	insulin	Macaca mulatta	10-17
4109596-1	1972	Acquisition of carbohydrates in the disulfide-linked heavy (H) and light (L) chain molecules of murine myeloma (ADJPC5), i.e., HH, HHL, and LHHL, was investigated.	Carbohydrates	15-28	RAB GTPase activating protein 1-like	Mus musculus	131-134
5480854-4	1970	Fractional transport of VLDL-TGFA was distinctly lower (no overlap) in the type IV patients than in the control subjects, both on a usual balanced diet (40% of calories from carbohydrate) and on a high-carbohydrate diet (80% of calories).	Carbohydrates	174-186	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	24-33
5480854-4	1970	Fractional transport of VLDL-TGFA was distinctly lower (no overlap) in the type IV patients than in the control subjects, both on a usual balanced diet (40% of calories from carbohydrate) and on a high-carbohydrate diet (80% of calories).	Carbohydrates	202-214	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	24-33
5480854-11	1970	The results are compatible with the interpretation that the carbohydrate-induced increase in VLDL-TGFA, both in controls and type IV patients, is at least in part due to an increased rate of production of VLDL-TGFA.	Carbohydrates	60-72	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	93-102
7466801-10	1980	Nevertheless, the presence of small portions of galactose and xylose residues at the reducing ends of the carbohydrate chains suggested a possibility of  exertion of endo-beta-galactosidase and endo-beta-xylosidase activities for the linkage regions.	Carbohydrates	106-118	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	171-189
5480854-11	1970	The results are compatible with the interpretation that the carbohydrate-induced increase in VLDL-TGFA, both in controls and type IV patients, is at least in part due to an increased rate of production of VLDL-TGFA.	Carbohydrates	60-72	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	205-214
5480854-14	1970	An alternative interpretation, compatible with the data, would involve both a carbohydrate-induced increase in fractional rate of release of VLDL-TGFA from liver to plasma and a decrease in fractional removal of VLDL-TGFA from plasma without increase in net production rate.	Carbohydrates	78-90	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	141-150
4392141-0	1970	Conversion of carbohydrate to fat in adipose tissue: an energy-yielding and, therefore, self-limiting process.	Carbohydrates	14-26	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Rattus norvegicus	30-33
5584016-4	1967	The normal development of glucokinase activity can be retarded by weaning rats on to carbohydrate-free, high-fat and high-protein diets.	Carbohydrates	85-97	glucokinase	Rattus norvegicus	26-37
31252953-1	1966	Response of the serum lipids to various dietary fats depends upon whether the lipemia is induced by fat or carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	107-120	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	48-51
6247440-4	1980	These three peptides as well as intact HBsAg were found to have almost identical amino acid compositions and carbohydrate was detected in p27 and p68 by PAS staining.	Carbohydrates	109-121	GATA zinc finger domain containing 2B	Homo sapiens	146-149
5900221-3	1966	Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and NADP-malic dehydrogenase were more active in adipose tissue from high carbohydrate meal-fed rats than in tissue from ad libitum-fed rats.	Carbohydrates	108-120	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	0-33
14342232-10	1965	The ratio of activities of citrate-cleavage enzyme to acetate thiokinase varies from 2.5 for animals maintained on a balanced diet to 20 for animals re-fed with a diet high in carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	176-188	ATP citrate lyase	Rattus norvegicus	27-50
28304464-15	1969	Uteroglobin is most probably free of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	37-50	uteroglobin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-11
7358227-8	1980	The traditional OGTT seems more sensitive than the HbA1 measurement in detecting subjects with reduced carbohydrate tolerance.	Carbohydrates	103-115	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	51-55
5943937-0	1966	Carbohydrate catabolism of Mima polymorpha.	Carbohydrates	0-12	MTSS I-BAR domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	27-31
5943937-5	1966	Carbohydrate catabolism of Mima polymorpha.	Carbohydrates	0-12	MTSS I-BAR domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	27-31
14159026-0	1964	THE CARBOHYDRATE COMPOSITION OF THE NAC1-SOLUBLE FRACTION FROM AUTOCLAVED ELASTIN.	Carbohydrates	4-16	nucleus accumbens associated 1	Homo sapiens	36-40
395951-8	1979	Clearance was mediated by recognition of the carbohydrate portion of enterokinase and not through specific recognition of its catalytic site.	Carbohydrates	45-57	transmembrane protease, serine 15	Mus musculus	69-81
13394032-0	1956	Serum proteins and protein-bound carbohydrates in rats treated with growth hormone.	Carbohydrates	33-46	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	68-82
429330-11	1979	It proposes that the effects of the exogenously added glycosides (and Con A) may reflect the presence on the membrane of a native carbohydrate moiety by either mimicking or competitively inhibiting its ability to interact reversibly with a lectin-like carbohydrate binding site associated with the function of the insulin receptor.20	Carbohydrates	130-142	insulin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	314-330
13402493-0	1956	The influence of growth hormone on carbohydrate metabolism in diabetic rats.	Carbohydrates	35-47	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	17-31
13107530-0	1953	Effect of purified glucagon (hyperglycemic-glycogenolytic factor, HGF) on carbohydrate and corticoid metabolism in normal and diabetic subjects.	Carbohydrates	74-86	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	66-69
569630-3	1978	These findings indicate that epithelial rat liver cells possess cell surface receptors that recognize a phosphorylated carbohydrate on alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase, as was previously reported for cell surface receptors of human skin fibroblasts.	Carbohydrates	119-131	N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase	Rattus norvegicus	135-164
15400497-0	1950	Production of specific antisera for enzymes that decompose the carbohydrates of pneumococcus types III and VIII.	Carbohydrates	63-76	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A	Homo sapiens	107-111
19992415-2	1941	Plants and animals build up reserves of fat from carbohydrate, but the reverse process (fat into carbohydrate), proved in plant seeds, is still unproven in animals, although theoretically possible.In normal human metabolism fat-carbohydrate interactions are almost hidden.	Carbohydrates	49-61	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	40-43
19992415-2	1941	Plants and animals build up reserves of fat from carbohydrate, but the reverse process (fat into carbohydrate), proved in plant seeds, is still unproven in animals, although theoretically possible.In normal human metabolism fat-carbohydrate interactions are almost hidden.	Carbohydrates	97-109	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	88-91
19992415-2	1941	Plants and animals build up reserves of fat from carbohydrate, but the reverse process (fat into carbohydrate), proved in plant seeds, is still unproven in animals, although theoretically possible.In normal human metabolism fat-carbohydrate interactions are almost hidden.	Carbohydrates	97-109	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	88-91
19992415-2	1941	Plants and animals build up reserves of fat from carbohydrate, but the reverse process (fat into carbohydrate), proved in plant seeds, is still unproven in animals, although theoretically possible.In normal human metabolism fat-carbohydrate interactions are almost hidden.	Carbohydrates	97-109	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	88-91
19992415-2	1941	Plants and animals build up reserves of fat from carbohydrate, but the reverse process (fat into carbohydrate), proved in plant seeds, is still unproven in animals, although theoretically possible.In normal human metabolism fat-carbohydrate interactions are almost hidden.	Carbohydrates	97-109	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	88-91
205871-5	1978	When glucose-grown cells are washed and resuspended in carbohydrate-free medium, the galactokinase specific activity increases by as much as 10-fold within 12 hr.	Carbohydrates	55-67	galactokinase 1	Homo sapiens	85-98
19992415-8	1941	As soon as carbohydrate is insufficiently available for the needs of metabolism, depot fat flows to the liver and is there catabolized to ketone bodies which recent proof has shown to be burned peripherally in the muscles independent of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	11-23	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	87-90
16694354-0	1935	THE INFLUENCE OF DOSAGE AND ROUTE OF INJECTION ON THE ANTIBODY RESPONSE OF HUMAN SUBJECTS TO THE SPECIFIC CARBOHYDRATE OF THE TYPE VIII PNEUMOCOCCUS.	Carbohydrates	106-118	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A	Homo sapiens	131-135
34019619-8	2022	These results suggest that post-translational modifications of recombinant FVIII products with non-human carbohydrates may influence the development of anti-FVIII antibodies.	Carbohydrates	105-118	coagulation factor VIII	Homo sapiens	75-80
34019619-8	2022	These results suggest that post-translational modifications of recombinant FVIII products with non-human carbohydrates may influence the development of anti-FVIII antibodies.	Carbohydrates	105-118	coagulation factor VIII	Homo sapiens	157-162
19989539-0	1933	New Views on the Metabolism of Carbohydrate and Fat and its Relation to Insulin: some Results with the High Carbohydrate-Low Fat Diet in Diabetes: President"s Address.	Carbohydrates	31-43	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	125-128
925758-4	1977	Liver G6PD activity also increased when the high carbohydrate diet was fed, and continued to increase on the second day.	Carbohydrates	49-61	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	6-10
19989539-0	1933	New Views on the Metabolism of Carbohydrate and Fat and its Relation to Insulin: some Results with the High Carbohydrate-Low Fat Diet in Diabetes: President"s Address.	Carbohydrates	108-120	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	48-51
19989539-0	1933	New Views on the Metabolism of Carbohydrate and Fat and its Relation to Insulin: some Results with the High Carbohydrate-Low Fat Diet in Diabetes: President"s Address.	Carbohydrates	108-120	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	125-128
34013301-0	2021	Plasmodium infection induces cross-reactive antibodies to carbohydrate epitopes on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein.	Carbohydrates	58-70	surface glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	98-103
925758-6	1977	It is suggested that some process occurs during starvation that predisposes the induction of G6PD upon refeeding a high carbohydrate diet, over and above any effect of glycogen accumulation and breakdown.	Carbohydrates	120-132	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	93-97
65808-7	1977	These results confirm the molecular and functional heterogeneity of rat AFT and suggest that the carbohydrate moiety of the protein may have a role in estrogen-AFP interactions.	Carbohydrates	97-109	alpha-fetoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	160-163
33952698-9	2021	Molecular- and cell-based assays indicate that glycan binding-triggered Gal-3 LLPS (or LLPS-like) is driven mainly by dynamic intermolecular interactions between the Gal-3 NT and the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) F-face, although NT-NT interactions appear to contribute to a lesser extent.	Carbohydrates	183-195	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	72-77
32483866-2	2021	OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the effect of weight gain induced by a haylage diet low in nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) on insulin sensitivity, blood pressure and serum cortisol concentrations.	Carbohydrates	94-107	INS	Equus caballus	117-124
33571638-7	2021	The specificity fingerprints highlighted in this review will be beneficial for functional annotation of the large group of NS-SDR enzymes and form a guide for future enzyme engineering efforts focused on the biosynthesis of rare and specialty carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	243-256	caveolae associated protein 2	Homo sapiens	126-129
33838709-1	2021	The neuropeptide adipokinetic hormone (AKH) binds to the AKH receptor (AKHR) to regulate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	89-101	Adipokinetic hormone receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	71-75
1088895-0	1976	The effects of growth hormone treatment of thyroid-deficient pregnant rats on maternal and fetal carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	97-109	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	15-29
33930463-0	2021	NF-kappaB p65 regulates hepatic lipogenesis by promoting nuclear entry of ChREBP in response to a high carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	103-115	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	0-13
33930463-5	2021	Our data indicates high carbohydrate diet to enforce nuclear shuttling of hepatic NF-kappaB p65 and repress transcript levels of Sorcin, a cytosolic interacting partner of ChREBP.	Carbohydrates	24-36	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	82-95
33741270-1	2021	Patients with citrin deficiency during the adaptation/compensation period exhibit diverse clinical features and have characteristic diet of high protein, high fat, and low carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	172-184	solute carrier family 25 member 13	Homo sapiens	14-20
62424-6	1976	These results confirm the molecular and functional heterogeneity of rat AFP and suggest that the carbohydrate moiety of the protein may have a role in estrogen-AFP interactions.	Carbohydrates	97-109	alpha-fetoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	72-75
33741270-2	2021	Japanese cuisine typically contains high carbohydrate but evaluation of diet of citrin-deficient patients in 2008 showed a low energy intake and a protein:fat:carbohydrate (PFC) ratio of 19:44:37, which indicates low carbohydrate consumption rate.	Carbohydrates	159-171	solute carrier family 25 member 13	Homo sapiens	80-86
33741270-2	2021	Japanese cuisine typically contains high carbohydrate but evaluation of diet of citrin-deficient patients in 2008 showed a low energy intake and a protein:fat:carbohydrate (PFC) ratio of 19:44:37, which indicates low carbohydrate consumption rate.	Carbohydrates	159-171	solute carrier family 25 member 13	Homo sapiens	80-86
33741270-13	2021	We speculate that high-energy of a low carbohydrate diet under dietary intervention may help citrin-deficient patients attain normal growth and prevent the onset of CTLN2.	Carbohydrates	39-51	solute carrier family 25 member 13	Homo sapiens	93-99
33741270-13	2021	We speculate that high-energy of a low carbohydrate diet under dietary intervention may help citrin-deficient patients attain normal growth and prevent the onset of CTLN2.	Carbohydrates	39-51	solute carrier family 25 member 13	Homo sapiens	165-170
33852677-6	2021	The differences found were the higher levels of cognitive restraint (p=0.01), cognitive restraint for carbohydrates (p=0.01) and subscales of "guilt about food craving" (p=0.04) in the Low-Carb Diet Group.	Carbohydrates	102-115	syntaxin 8	Homo sapiens	189-193
62424-6	1976	These results confirm the molecular and functional heterogeneity of rat AFP and suggest that the carbohydrate moiety of the protein may have a role in estrogen-AFP interactions.	Carbohydrates	97-109	alpha-fetoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	160-163
823055-5	1975	T-hCG-C was poorer in aspartic acid and glycine, and richer in serine, threonine and tyrosin to which carbohydrates bind than hCFSH from normal pregnancy.	Carbohydrates	102-115	hypertrichosis 2 (generalised, congenital)	Homo sapiens	2-5
33912010-7	2021	In contrast, aldolase C (Aldoc or zebrin II) and pyruvate carboxylase (Pc), two enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, and vesicle-fusing ATPase (Nsf) were up-regulated during daytime restricted feeding, possibly reflecting increased neuronal activity.	Carbohydrates	100-112	aldolase C, fructose-bisphosphate	Mus musculus	25-30
33912010-7	2021	In contrast, aldolase C (Aldoc or zebrin II) and pyruvate carboxylase (Pc), two enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, and vesicle-fusing ATPase (Nsf) were up-regulated during daytime restricted feeding, possibly reflecting increased neuronal activity.	Carbohydrates	100-112	aldolase C, fructose-bisphosphate	Mus musculus	34-43
33912010-7	2021	In contrast, aldolase C (Aldoc or zebrin II) and pyruvate carboxylase (Pc), two enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, and vesicle-fusing ATPase (Nsf) were up-regulated during daytime restricted feeding, possibly reflecting increased neuronal activity.	Carbohydrates	100-112	pyruvate carboxylase	Mus musculus	49-69
1205451-0	1975	On the carbohydrate composition of bovine colostrum trypsin inhibitor.	Carbohydrates	7-19	colostrum trypsin inhibitor	Bos taurus	42-69
33713978-8	2021	As to tumor markers, tumor KIF2A expression showed a trend to be positively correlated with alpha fetoprotein (P = 0.060) and carbohydrate antigen 199 (P = 0.053), but no statistical significance.	Carbohydrates	126-138	kinesin family member 2A	Homo sapiens	27-32
33160662-4	2021	The obtained results suggested that the critical genes involved in the carbohydrate and protein metabolisms (i.e. pgmB, GPI, glsA, pyrB and etc.)	Carbohydrates	71-83	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	120-123
28309234-2	1975	New equivalents are calculated for protein respiration.The energy equivalent for converting rate of oxygen consumption into rate of heat production (Q ox cal mg-1 oxygen consumed) is 3.53 cal mg-1 for carbohydrate oxidation, 3.28 cal mg-1 (range 3.22-3.32) for fat oxidation.	Carbohydrates	201-213	mucin 5B, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	158-162
33671411-3	2021	The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of short-term fasting (2, 4, and 8 h) on the concentration of SPX in blood serum and the expression levels of the genes encoding this peptide (SPX1) and its receptors, GALR2 and GALR3, in the tissues involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism (muscles, adipose tissue, and liver).	Carbohydrates	264-276	spexin hormone	Gallus gallus	195-199
33671411-9	2021	Additionally, we discovered that in the short term, food deprivation leads to the expression regulation of SPX1, GALR2, and GLAR3 in tissues associated with metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids.	Carbohydrates	171-184	spexin hormone	Gallus gallus	107-111
33588719-8	2021	In contrast, TFF2 binds as a lectin to a conserved O-linked carbohydrate moiety of the mucin MUC6.	Carbohydrates	60-72	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	87-92
33588719-8	2021	In contrast, TFF2 binds as a lectin to a conserved O-linked carbohydrate moiety of the mucin MUC6.	Carbohydrates	60-72	mucin 6, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	93-97
28309234-2	1975	New equivalents are calculated for protein respiration.The energy equivalent for converting rate of oxygen consumption into rate of heat production (Q ox cal mg-1 oxygen consumed) is 3.53 cal mg-1 for carbohydrate oxidation, 3.28 cal mg-1 (range 3.22-3.32) for fat oxidation.	Carbohydrates	201-213	mucin 5B, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	192-196
33580170-4	2021	We therefore developed an inhibitory murine monoclonal anti-Gal3 carbohydrate-binding domain antibody, 14D11, which bound human and mouse Gal3 but did not bind human Galectins-1, -7, -8 or -9.	Carbohydrates	65-77	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	60-64
33580170-5	2021	Competition studies and a docking model suggest that the 14D11 antibody competes with lactose for the carbohydrate binding pocket of Gal3.	Carbohydrates	102-114	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	133-137
32757335-4	2021	as research materials, and found that MdbHLH3, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor (bHLH TF), modulates the accumulation of malate and carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	145-158	basic helix-loop-helix protein A-like	Malus domestica	49-92
28309234-2	1975	New equivalents are calculated for protein respiration.The energy equivalent for converting rate of oxygen consumption into rate of heat production (Q ox cal mg-1 oxygen consumed) is 3.53 cal mg-1 for carbohydrate oxidation, 3.28 cal mg-1 (range 3.22-3.32) for fat oxidation.	Carbohydrates	201-213	mucin 5B, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	192-196
1159044-9	1975	The incomplete incorporation of carbohydrates into thyroglobulin in the "cold" nodule could be important for the maturation and migration of the molecule to the iodinating site of the cell	Carbohydrates	32-45	thyroglobulin	Homo sapiens	51-64
33624625-2	2021	FXR is also involved in the regulation of over 250 genes including those responsible for the control of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	114-126	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4	Homo sapiens	0-3
1172663-4	1975	After further treatment by reduction and carboxymethylation a carbohydrate-containing fragment of molecular weight 11990 was obtained (fragment BCd).	Carbohydrates	62-74	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily V member 2	Homo sapiens	144-147
33551766-10	2020	Here, we report that both carbohydrate transport efficiency and resulting lethality found upon loss of MFS3 or Pippin are rescued via compensatory upregulation of Tret1-1, another BBB carbohydrate transporter, in Mfs3 and pippin null mutants, while RNAi-mediated knockdown is not compensated for.	Carbohydrates	26-38	Major Facilitator Superfamily Transporter 3	Drosophila melanogaster	103-107
33551766-10	2020	Here, we report that both carbohydrate transport efficiency and resulting lethality found upon loss of MFS3 or Pippin are rescued via compensatory upregulation of Tret1-1, another BBB carbohydrate transporter, in Mfs3 and pippin null mutants, while RNAi-mediated knockdown is not compensated for.	Carbohydrates	26-38	Trehalose transporter 1-1	Drosophila melanogaster	163-170
33551766-10	2020	Here, we report that both carbohydrate transport efficiency and resulting lethality found upon loss of MFS3 or Pippin are rescued via compensatory upregulation of Tret1-1, another BBB carbohydrate transporter, in Mfs3 and pippin null mutants, while RNAi-mediated knockdown is not compensated for.	Carbohydrates	26-38	Major Facilitator Superfamily Transporter 3	Drosophila melanogaster	213-217
33498183-5	2021	Recognition of carbohydrate moieties clustered on the surface of the S protein may drive receptor-dependent internalization, accentuate severe immunopathological inflammation, and allow for systemic spread of infection, independent of ACE2.	Carbohydrates	15-27	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	235-239
33431823-1	2021	Galectin-1 contains a carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) as a member of the lectin family.	Carbohydrates	22-34	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 1	Mus musculus	0-10
1113199-2	1975	Characteristic elevation and depression of ME, CCE, and G6PD were decreased in skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissues of high carbohydrate-fed rats.	Carbohydrates	131-143	ATP citrate lyase	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
33443193-6	2021	Moreover, SP is responsible for almost the totality of midgut transcriptomic changes following mating, including up-regulation of protein and lipid metabolism genes and down-regulation of carbohydrate metabolism genes.	Carbohydrates	188-200	Sex Peptide	Drosophila melanogaster	10-12
33202267-4	2021	Given that such cross-feeding activities of bifidobacteria on mucin and oligosaccharides have not been systematically summarized, here we review the carbohydrate-degrading capabilities of various bifidobacterial strains that were identified in vitro experiments, the core enzymes involved in the degradation mechanisms, and social behavior between bifidobacteria and other intestinal microbes, as well as among species-specific bifidobacterial strains.	Carbohydrates	149-161	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	62-67
1113199-2	1975	Characteristic elevation and depression of ME, CCE, and G6PD were decreased in skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissues of high carbohydrate-fed rats.	Carbohydrates	131-143	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	56-60
33486247-5	2021	Further, exposure to the combined PPCPs disrupted the carbohydrate metabolism via significant upregulation of hk1, gk, pck1, and insr genes.	Carbohydrates	54-66	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (soluble)	Danio rerio	119-123
4372399-3	1974	Two of the major polypeptides, with molecular weights of 52,000 (gp52) and 36,000 (gp36), had carbohydrate moieties.	Carbohydrates	94-106	podoplanin	Homo sapiens	83-87
33292056-0	2022	Sensing the interactions between carbohydrate-binding agents and N-linked glycans of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein using molecular docking and simulation studies.	Carbohydrates	33-45	surface glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	96-101
33899995-3	2021	The underlying mechanism of carbohydrates regulates the lipids and glucose metabolism through their metabolites (short-chain fatty acids [SCFAs]) and mainly via the SCFAs-GPR43/41-PYY/GLP1, SCFAs-AMP/ATP-AMPK, and SCFAs-AMPK-G6Pase/PEPCK pathways.	Carbohydrates	28-41	peptide YY	Sus scrofa	180-183
4528455-0	1974	Carbohydrate inhibition studies of the naturally occurring human antibody to neuraminidase-treated human lymphocytes.	Carbohydrates	0-12	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	77-90
33899995-3	2021	The underlying mechanism of carbohydrates regulates the lipids and glucose metabolism through their metabolites (short-chain fatty acids [SCFAs]) and mainly via the SCFAs-GPR43/41-PYY/GLP1, SCFAs-AMP/ATP-AMPK, and SCFAs-AMPK-G6Pase/PEPCK pathways.	Carbohydrates	28-41	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2, mitochondrial	Sus scrofa	232-237
34050861-5	2021	In contrast, the carbohydrate-dependent chaperone system involving the membrane protein calnexin and its soluble paralogue calreticulin recognize a specific glycoform of an exposed hydrophilic protein modification for which the composition is controlled by a series of glycosidases and transferases.	Carbohydrates	17-29	calnexin	Homo sapiens	88-96
32419574-7	2020	Likewise, treatment with deoxymannojirimycin or siRNA-mediated knockdown of MAN1C1 impairs the ability of the carbohydrate-binding protein galectin-3 to stimulate CD147 clustering in unwounded cells.	Carbohydrates	110-122	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	139-149
4359955-3	1973	Three of these polypeptides, namely the heavy and light hemagglutinin chains and the neuraminidase, have attached carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	114-126	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	85-98
32980951-1	2020	KEY MESSAGE: This study focused on the role of CLE1-CLE7 peptides as environmental mediators and indicated that root-induced CLE2 functions systemically in light-dependent carbohydrate metabolism in shoots.	Carbohydrates	172-184	CLAVATA3/ESR-RELATED 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	47-51
33344496-11	2020	Conclusion: Our results suggest there exists a highly inter-individual variation in the accumulation of liver fat in metabolically healthy men and women, in response to an increased energy intake from SFA and carbohydrates that occurs over circa 2 months.	Carbohydrates	209-222	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	110-113
4605993-0	1972	[The contribution of isolated rabbit liver perfusion to the study of insulin action on carbohydrate metabolism of the liver].	Carbohydrates	87-99	insulin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	69-76
33521554-7	2020	My n=1 experiment in July 2020 demonstrated an increase in Lp(a) back to 101 mg/dL on a very high-carb diet within 2 weeks, and a drop back to 74 mg/dL after 3 weeks on the ketogenic diet afterwards.	Carbohydrates	98-102	lipoprotein(a)	Homo sapiens	59-64
33521554-8	2020	The observed large changes in my Lp(a) were thus reproducible by a change in carbohydrate consumption and might have clinical relevance for patients as well as researchers in the field of Lp(a).	Carbohydrates	77-89	lipoprotein(a)	Homo sapiens	33-38
33521554-8	2020	The observed large changes in my Lp(a) were thus reproducible by a change in carbohydrate consumption and might have clinical relevance for patients as well as researchers in the field of Lp(a).	Carbohydrates	77-89	lipoprotein(a)	Homo sapiens	188-193
32618550-12	2020	After functional and enrichment analyses, the main genes into the selection signatures linked to energy, fatty acids, carbohydrates and lipid metabolic processes were ACER2, PLIN2, DENND4C, RPS6, RRAGA (OCU1), ST8SIA6, VIM (OCU16), RORA, GANC and PLA2G4B (OCU17).	Carbohydrates	118-131	DENN domain-containing protein 4C	Oryctolagus cuniculus	181-188
32618550-12	2020	After functional and enrichment analyses, the main genes into the selection signatures linked to energy, fatty acids, carbohydrates and lipid metabolic processes were ACER2, PLIN2, DENND4C, RPS6, RRAGA (OCU1), ST8SIA6, VIM (OCU16), RORA, GANC and PLA2G4B (OCU17).	Carbohydrates	118-131	vimentin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	219-222
32965751-0	2020	Protein-carbohydrate ingestion alters Vps34 cellular localization independent of changes in kinase activity in human skeletal muscle.	Carbohydrates	8-20	phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3	Homo sapiens	38-43
32965751-8	2020	We therefore investigated the effects of increasing nutrient availability through protein-carbohydrate (PRO-CHO) feeding on Vps34 kinase activity and cellular localization in human skeletal muscle.	Carbohydrates	90-102	phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3	Homo sapiens	124-129
4331032-0	1971	Phosvitin, a phosphoglycoprotein: composition and partial structure of carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	71-83	casein kinase 2 beta	Homo sapiens	0-9
32932221-11	2020	A high CAR was associated with a large tumor size, high serum carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels, high intraoperative blood loss, and more postoperative complications.	Carbohydrates	91-103	SPG7 matrix AAA peptidase subunit, paraplegin	Homo sapiens	7-10
32618550-12	2020	After functional and enrichment analyses, the main genes into the selection signatures linked to energy, fatty acids, carbohydrates and lipid metabolic processes were ACER2, PLIN2, DENND4C, RPS6, RRAGA (OCU1), ST8SIA6, VIM (OCU16), RORA, GANC and PLA2G4B (OCU17).	Carbohydrates	118-131	nuclear receptor ROR-alpha	Oryctolagus cuniculus	232-236
24429905-1	1971	Effects of the endosperm mutants, waxy (wx), shrunken (sh 2) and sugary (su 1) on the carbohydrate and lipid percentage.	Carbohydrates	86-98	isoamylase 1, chloroplastic	Zea mays	73-77
32662756-1	2020	We investigated whether the deletion of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) 1 would affect carbohydrate oxidation, fat oxidation, and body weight by using the GPD1 null mice (BALB/cHeA (HeA)).	Carbohydrates	96-108	glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (soluble)	Mus musculus	75-82
33231159-4	2021	Among the eating patterns that have shown beneficial effects on metabolic control of patients with type 2 diabetes is the Low-Carb diet, since the carbohydrate ingestion is viewed as the most important determinant of postprandial glucose and insulin response.	Carbohydrates	147-159	syntaxin 8	Homo sapiens	126-130
33201229-6	2021	Carbohydrates eluted from the AS11-HC column were trapped and separated on a MA1 column and simultaneously quantified using electrochemical detection in the second dimension with valve switching.	Carbohydrates	0-13	PNMA family member 1	Homo sapiens	77-80
5361294-3	1969	The level of lipase in pancreatic juice was significantly augmented by increasing the dietary intakes of fat (P &lt; 0.05) and carbohydrate (P &lt; 0.05) but was not affected by increasing the protein intake.3.	Carbohydrates	127-139	pancreatic lipase related protein 1	Canis lupus familiaris	13-19
33225133-2	2020	In this study, fluorescence lifetime measurements using intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence were performed to address these challenges and to quantify the binding of a series of carbohydrates and carbohydrate-functionalized dendrimers to recombinant human galectin-3.	Carbohydrates	176-189	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	254-264
32519798-0	2020	Chronic Glucokinase Activator treatment activates liver Carbohydrate Response Element binding protein and improves hepatocyte ATP homeostasis during substrate challenge.	Carbohydrates	56-68	glucokinase	Mus musculus	8-19
25622421-4	1966	As incubation of tissue sections in neuraminidase abolished stainability of the acidic carbohydrate with colloidal iron, the material removed was considered to be a sialomucin.	Carbohydrates	87-99	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	36-49
32954525-5	2020	In four groups of eight Wistar rats, we used pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) flux studies to demonstrate changes in carbohydrate metabolism induced by the nicotinic acid receptor agonist, Acipimox, using hyperpolarized Carbon-13 (13 C) magnetic resonance spectroscopy.	Carbohydrates	113-125	hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	152-175
32911194-8	2020	In addition, docking studies revealed that the sugar-tail fragment of the target compounds participated in interactions with hydrophilic subpocket at the surface of hCA IX active site and supported the CA IX inhibitory activities of carbohydrate-based sulfonamide derivatives.	Carbohydrates	233-245	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	166-171
32936440-6	2020	The intestinal mucosa has carbohydrate sensors that stimulate the release of two "incretin" hormones (GIP and GLP-1) whose actions range from the secretion of insulin to appetite regulation.	Carbohydrates	26-38	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	110-115
33076263-9	2020	Interestingly, carbohydrate-induced insulin signaling appears to activate FAK at the level of IRS-1 but did not enhance mTOR activity 1 h post-exercise greater than the placebo condition.	Carbohydrates	15-27	protein tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	74-77
16749136-2	1965	Glycosidic linkage of carbohydrate to the primary hydroxyl groups of threonine and serine has been established in human blood-group A and Le(a) substances, bovine submaxillary-gland mucin and human pseudomyxomatous <protein-id="4583">mucin.	Carbohydrates	22-34	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	182-187
32729537-3	2020	This graphene device is functionalized with a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of the human galectin-3 (hGal-3) protein to detect the presence of lactose from the donor effect of lectin - glycan affinity binding on the graphene.	Carbohydrates	46-58	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	97-107
33106690-4	2020	Mice with cardiac-specific deletion of Mpc2 (CS-MPC2-/-) exhibited normal cardiac size and function at 6 weeks old, but progressively developed cardiac dilation and contractile dysfunction, which was completely reversed by a high-fat, low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet.	Carbohydrates	239-251	mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 2	Mus musculus	39-43
32729537-3	2020	This graphene device is functionalized with a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of the human galectin-3 (hGal-3) protein to detect the presence of lactose from the donor effect of lectin - glycan affinity binding on the graphene.	Carbohydrates	46-58	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	109-115
13848079-7	1959	Injections of ACTH in normal mice increased protein degradation and carbohydrate synthesis.	Carbohydrates	68-80	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	14-18
33122521-6	2020	The high expression of HSF1 did not correspond to the patients" sex, age, carcinoembryonic antigen level, diameter of tumors, and locations; however, it corresponded significantly with carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level, lymph node metastasis, tumor node metastasis stage, differentiation degree, vascular invasion, and distant metastasis.	Carbohydrates	185-197	heat shock transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	23-27
19992415-14	1941	The latter is the usual condition obvious in disease.Work has also been done which suggests that other lipotropic factors-choline, lipocaic, &amp;c., exert an influence on carbohydrate-fat balance, more specifically the glycogen-fat balance in the liver.In America attention has been drawn to the frequent and persistenzt occurrence of fatty enlargement of the liver in diabetic children.	Carbohydrates	172-184	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	185-188
32220037-7	2020	Elucidation of the X-ray crystal structures of the galectin-3 CRD in complex with a synthesized di- and tri-galactoside confirmed that the compounds bind within the carbohydrate-binding site.	Carbohydrates	165-177	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	51-61
32828272-5	2020	A high carbohydrate (HCHO) diet could inactivate the Hippo pathway and encourage the combination of YAP and ChREBP, leading to glucose-induced hepatocyte glycolysis and lipogenesis through up-regulation of target genes such as L-PK and ACC in mice.	Carbohydrates	7-19	yes-associated protein 1	Mus musculus	100-103
34032568-0	2021	Starvation-induced regulation of carbohydrate transport at the blood-brain barrier is TGF-beta-signaling dependent.	Carbohydrates	33-45	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	86-94
34032568-5	2021	During starvation, expression of the carbohydrate transporter Tret1-1 is increased to provide more efficient carbohydrate uptake.	Carbohydrates	37-49	Trehalose transporter 1-1	Drosophila melanogaster	62-69
34017059-6	2021	Here, we review our understanding of the roles of dietary carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, and fibers) and the gut microbiota, which provides essential carbon sources for hepatic fat synthesis during the development of NAFLD.	Carbohydrates	58-71	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	180-183
33990225-5	2021	RESULTS: The IIS-regulated transcripts of 4E-BP and InR most strongly correlated with body size in females and males, respectively, but neither responded to carbohydrate level and so could not explain the sex-specific response to body size to dietary carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	251-263	thor	Drosophila melanogaster	42-47
33974923-6	2021	Further, the carbohydrate affinity of this lectin was found with mannitol, adonitol, L-arabinose, L-rhamnose, D-galactose and sorbitol.	Carbohydrates	13-25	lectin	Musa acuminata	43-49
33978738-0	2021	Modernized Uniform Representation of Carbohydrate Molecules in theProtein Data Bank.	Carbohydrates	37-49	B cell scaffold protein with ankyrin repeats 1	Homo sapiens	79-83
33506572-5	2021	Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), a nutritionally regulated postprandial hormone, is a chief regulator of bile acid metabolism and an important player in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, including key mechanisms of NAFLD pathogenesis.	Carbohydrates	167-179	fibroblast growth factor 19	Homo sapiens	0-27
33506572-5	2021	Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), a nutritionally regulated postprandial hormone, is a chief regulator of bile acid metabolism and an important player in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, including key mechanisms of NAFLD pathogenesis.	Carbohydrates	167-179	fibroblast growth factor 19	Homo sapiens	29-34
33995909-2	2021	Upon ligand binding, FXR regulates key genes involved in the metabolic process of bile acid synthesis, transport and reabsorption and is also involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids.	Carbohydrates	172-185	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4	Homo sapiens	21-24
32682158-4	2020	Hence, with the purpose of finding new strong AMF-PGI inhibitors that could be potentially used as anticancer agents and/or as bioreceptors for carbohydrate-based electrochemical biosensors, we report in this study the synthesis and kinetic evaluation of several new human PGI inhibitors derived from the synthon 5-phospho-d-arabinono-1,4-lactone.	Carbohydrates	144-156	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	50-53
32682158-7	2020	Detailed analysis of its interactions at the active site reveals a new binding mode and shows that human PGI is relatively tolerant for modified inhibitors at the "head" C-1 part, offering promising perspectives for the future design of carbohydrate-based biosensors.	Carbohydrates	237-249	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	105-108
31686204-2	2020	We investigated how carbohydrate intake relates to HbA1c and T2DM prevalence in a nationally representative survey dataset.	Carbohydrates	20-32	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	51-55
32715650-1	2020	Within this work, a new class of sequence-defined heteromultivalent glycomacromolecules bearing lactose residues and nonglycosidic motifs for probing glycoconjugate recognition in carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of galectin-3 is presented.	Carbohydrates	180-192	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	221-231
32873763-9	2020	Mucin likely contributes to population expansion during human infection as it is a ubiquitous source of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	104-117	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	0-5
32768170-5	2020	The strategy for installation of 3-O-amyl amine linker onto HBP derivative can be expanded to the syntheses of other conjugation-ready carbohydrates bearing anomeric phosphoester.	Carbohydrates	135-148	heme binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	60-63
31712146-5	2020	The results revealed that there were obvious differences in extraction yield, molecular weight, compositions of monosaccharide and organic element, molecular morphology, rheological properties and the contents of total sugar, protein, uronic acid and sulfate of SCP, MAP and SFP.	Carbohydrates	219-224	cysteine-rich secretory protein 3	Rattus norvegicus	262-265
32222692-3	2020	In the second stage, the stimulation of lactate-centered dark fermentation which entails the decoupling of biohydrogen production from carbohydrates utilization was an effective approach enabling stable biohydrogen production, having HPR fluctuations less than 10% with a maximum HPR of 12.3 L/L-d and a biohydrogen yield of 3.1 L/LTV.	Carbohydrates	135-148	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	234-237
32222692-3	2020	In the second stage, the stimulation of lactate-centered dark fermentation which entails the decoupling of biohydrogen production from carbohydrates utilization was an effective approach enabling stable biohydrogen production, having HPR fluctuations less than 10% with a maximum HPR of 12.3 L/L-d and a biohydrogen yield of 3.1 L/LTV.	Carbohydrates	135-148	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	280-283
31939715-3	2020	Modified forms of pectin have been reported to possess anticancer bioactivity related to the interaction of galactosyl, a main component of pectin, with galectin-3, a carbohydrate-binding protein that is overexpressed on many types of cancer cells.	Carbohydrates	167-179	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	153-163
31977640-11	2020	MAL+FRU ingestion increased exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates to 1.1 (SD 0.3) g min (p=0.038), with no further increase with MAL+FRU+PEC+ALG ingestion (1.1 (SD 0.3) g min; p=1.0).	Carbohydrates	38-50	zinc finger and BTB domain containing 22	Homo sapiens	4-7
32365746-2	2020	However, physiological adaptation to an extremely low-carbohydrate diet has been shown to upregulate pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4, a negative regulator of glycolytic flux) content in skeletal muscle, resulting in impaired high-intensity exercise capacity.	Carbohydrates	54-66	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4	Rattus norvegicus	101-132
32365746-2	2020	However, physiological adaptation to an extremely low-carbohydrate diet has been shown to upregulate pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4, a negative regulator of glycolytic flux) content in skeletal muscle, resulting in impaired high-intensity exercise capacity.	Carbohydrates	54-66	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4	Rattus norvegicus	134-138
32141454-8	2020	Our findings are significant because this is the first report of carbohydrates analyzed by solution-phase HDX to achieve multiple H/D exchange timepoints.	Carbohydrates	65-78	highly divergent homeobox	Homo sapiens	106-109
32172730-0	2020	Non-classical role of Galectin-3 in cancer progression: translocation to nucleus by carbohydrate-recognition independent manner.	Carbohydrates	84-96	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	22-32
32172730-1	2020	Galectin-3 is a carbohydrate-binding protein and regulates diverse functions, including cell proliferation and differentiation, mRNA splicing, apoptosis induction, immune surveillance and inflammation, cell adhesion, angiogenesis, and cancer-cell metastasis.	Carbohydrates	16-28	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
31909840-3	2020	It is a constitutive fragment of biosensors, which bind to the dimer interface of phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), an intracellular enzyme involved in sugar metabolism, as well as an extracellular protein known as autocrine motility factor (AMF) closely related to metastasis formation.	Carbohydrates	150-155	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	82-106
31909840-3	2020	It is a constitutive fragment of biosensors, which bind to the dimer interface of phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), an intracellular enzyme involved in sugar metabolism, as well as an extracellular protein known as autocrine motility factor (AMF) closely related to metastasis formation.	Carbohydrates	150-155	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	108-111
31909840-3	2020	It is a constitutive fragment of biosensors, which bind to the dimer interface of phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), an intracellular enzyme involved in sugar metabolism, as well as an extracellular protein known as autocrine motility factor (AMF) closely related to metastasis formation.	Carbohydrates	150-155	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	240-243
32226843-6	2020	In addition, the best stapled peptide ligands showed specific binding to Gal-3 among various carbohydrate-binding proteins.	Carbohydrates	93-105	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	73-78
31663265-2	2020	In a series of large-scale molecular dynamics computational experiments the dynamics of the proteoglycan syndecan-4 force transmission is examined under varying conditions, i.e. blood flow velocity changes and proteoglycan sugar chain shedding.	Carbohydrates	223-228	syndecan 4	Homo sapiens	105-115
33055423-6	2020	MLII is caused by mutations in the GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase enzyme (Gnptab) that disrupt carbohydrate-dependent sorting of lysosomal enzymes.	Carbohydrates	92-104	N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase subunits alpha and beta	Danio rerio	71-77
32005776-6	2020	Results: Intravesical administration of 18F-labeled galactodendritic unit 4 allowed specific accumulation of the carbohydrate radiotracer in galectin-1 overexpressing UMUC3 orthotopic tumors when imaged with PET.	Carbohydrates	113-125	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 1	Mus musculus	141-151
32744348-1	2020	This study aimed to evaluate the oxidative stress status, antioxidants capacity, and presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in an animal model of MetS induced by high-carbohydrate high-fat (HCHF) diet.	Carbohydrates	181-193	ETS variant transcription factor 3	Homo sapiens	160-164
32451330-0	2020	An antibody drug conjugate targeting MUC1 associated carbohydrate CA6, shows promising anti-tumor activities.	Carbohydrates	53-65	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	37-41
32451330-0	2020	An antibody drug conjugate targeting MUC1 associated carbohydrate CA6, shows promising anti-tumor activities.	Carbohydrates	53-65	carbonic anhydrase 6	Homo sapiens	66-69
32722104-3	2020	AGC2 or citrin deficiency shows their symptoms following sugar/carbohydrates intake excess and this disease is now known as a pan-ethnic disease.	Carbohydrates	63-76	solute carrier family 25 member 13	Homo sapiens	8-14
32496638-8	2020	In addition, we present an updated overview on small molecule OGA inhibitors, either of carbohydrate or noncarbohydrate scaffolds, regarding their structures, binding modes and selectivity towards the enzyme, and potential therapeutic outcomes in probing O -GlcNAcylation at cellular levels.	Carbohydrates	88-100	O-GlcNAcase	Homo sapiens	62-65
32363727-3	2020	Here we compare experimentally determined backbone 13 C alpha and 15 N H chemical shift tensors by MAS NMR with hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics/molecular dynamics (MD-QM/MM) calculations for the carbohydrate-binding domain of galectin-3.	Carbohydrates	208-220	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	239-249
32476420-1	2020	The production, biochemical characterization and carbohydrate specificity of LacA beta-galactosidase (locus lp_3469) belonging to the Glycoside Hydrolase family 42 from the probiotic organism Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 is addressed.	Carbohydrates	49-61	glycoside hydrolase family 1 protein	Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1	82-100
32353589-0	2020	18beta-Glycyrrhetinic acid acts through hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha to modulate lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	96-108	olfactory receptor family 2 subfamily F member 1B	Mus musculus	0-6
32610673-7	2020	Together with the finding of significantly stronger accumulation of anthocyanins under heat/high light, these observations indicate a central role of hexokinase activity in the stabilization of photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism during environmental changes.	Carbohydrates	213-225	hexokinase	Arabidopsis thaliana	150-160
32501939-1	2021	: Galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) are carbohydrate-binding proteins involved in normal processes, autoimmunity, and cancer.	Carbohydrates	48-60	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	25-35
32501939-1	2021	: Galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) are carbohydrate-binding proteins involved in normal processes, autoimmunity, and cancer.	Carbohydrates	48-60	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	37-42
31977640-2	2020	Combining pectin and sodium alginate with ingested maltodextrin-fructose (MAL+FRU+PEC+ALG) has been suggested to enhance carbohydrate delivery via hydrogel formation but the influence on exogenous carbohydrate oxidation remains unknown.	Carbohydrates	121-133	zinc finger and BTB domain containing 22	Homo sapiens	78-81
31977640-2	2020	Combining pectin and sodium alginate with ingested maltodextrin-fructose (MAL+FRU+PEC+ALG) has been suggested to enhance carbohydrate delivery via hydrogel formation but the influence on exogenous carbohydrate oxidation remains unknown.	Carbohydrates	197-209	zinc finger and BTB domain containing 22	Homo sapiens	78-81
31977640-3	2020	The primary aim of this study was to assess the effects of MAL+FRU+PEC+ALG on exogenous carbohydrate oxidation during exercise compared to a maltodextrin-fructose mixture (MAL+FRU).	Carbohydrates	88-100	zinc finger and BTB domain containing 22	Homo sapiens	63-66
31977640-4	2020	MAL+FRU has been well established to increase exogenous carbohydrate oxidation during cycling, compared to glucose-based carbohydrates (MAL+GLU).	Carbohydrates	56-68	zinc finger and BTB domain containing 22	Homo sapiens	4-7
32325849-0	2020	Polymorphism of CLOCK Gene rs3749474 as a Modulator of the Circadian Evening Carbohydrate Intake Impact on Nutritional Status in an Adult Sample.	Carbohydrates	77-89	clock circadian regulator	Homo sapiens	16-21
32373622-7	2020	Furthermore, the fat-replacing strategy, at different levels of DOF, resulted in final products with, besides a constant content of carbohydrates, showed lowered fat content, increased content of dietary fiber and protein.	Carbohydrates	132-145	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	17-20
31881187-5	2020	DPP-4 inhibitors such as teneligliptin control the overexpression of glucagon-like peptidase 1 (GLP-1) which has the downstream effects of general insulin resistance and high blood sugar levels.	Carbohydrates	181-186	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
32156348-2	2020	ABP is a rich source of indigestible carbohydrates (18.5%) with fiber and resistant starch (RS) contents of 14.5% and 4.0%, respectively.	Carbohydrates	37-50	amine oxidase, copper containing 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
32047920-4	2020	Circulating FGF21 levels are robustly increased by diets that are high in carbohydrate but low in protein, and exogenous FGF21 treatment reduces the consumption of sweet foods and alcohol while alternatively increasing the consumption of protein.	Carbohydrates	74-86	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	12-17
32049016-1	2020	Approximately 50% of the mass of the Envelope (Env) glycoprotein surface subunit (gp120) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is composed of N-linked carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	160-172	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	37-40
33894679-6	2021	Flies with mutations of dilp2, dilp3, dilp4, dilp5, and dilp6 genes consumed larger amounts of carbohydrate from 4-10% sucrose solutions as compared to the wild type.	Carbohydrates	95-107	Insulin-like peptide 4	Drosophila melanogaster	38-43
31593356-4	2020	Herein we describe a molecular mechanism developed by T. cruzi to proteolytically process galectin-3 that generates a truncated form of the protein lacking its N-terminal domain - required for protein oligomerization - but still conserves a functional carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD).	Carbohydrates	252-264	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	90-100
33918458-7	2021	In conclusion, the molecular interaction between gels and mucin/mucosa detected at amide I and amide II of proteins and the carbohydrate region could lead to an improved mucoadhesive property of the gel on the mucosa.	Carbohydrates	124-136	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	58-63
31913749-1	2020	Strong evidence supports a major role for heterodimers of the Type 1 taste receptor (T1R) family in the taste transduction of sugars (T1R2+T1R3) and amino acids (T1R1+T1R3), but there are also neural and behavioral data supporting T1R-independent mechanisms.	Carbohydrates	126-132	taste receptor, type 1, member 1	Mus musculus	162-166
31654317-3	2020	Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a 25- to 35-KDa protein belonging to the family of carbohydrate-binding galectins, which bind to glycoconjugates containing beta-galactosides.	Carbohydrates	73-85	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
31654317-3	2020	Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a 25- to 35-KDa protein belonging to the family of carbohydrate-binding galectins, which bind to glycoconjugates containing beta-galactosides.	Carbohydrates	73-85	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	12-17
32211767-18	2020	The results of this study indicate that 2 or 4 mg Cr/d from Cr Prop increased insulin sensitivity in adult horses following oral carbohydrate consumption.	Carbohydrates	129-141	INS	Equus caballus	78-85
32168759-5	2020	Further, recent studies highlight the impact of altering mucin glycome (cancer-associated carbohydrate antigens including Tn, Sialyl-Tn, Sialyl-Lew A, and Sialyl-Lewis X) on host immunomodulation, antitumor immunity, as well as gut microbiota.	Carbohydrates	90-102	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	57-62
32909036-3	2021	Here, we used crystallography and NMR spectroscopy to demonstrate that negatively charged homogalacturonans (HG, linear polysaccharides of alpha(1 4)-linked-D-galacturonate (GalA)) bind to the galectin-3 carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	204-216	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	193-203
31669635-3	2020	Two (MGAM and SI) are intestinal glucosidases involved in saccharide digestion, the acidic glucosidase (GAA) is responsible for glycogen degradation in lysosomes and GANAB (glucosidase II) plays a role in the control of a proper protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum.	Carbohydrates	58-68	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	5-9
31969105-2	2021	In this study, we have investigated the ability of modified rapamycin (RP) to bind to the carbohydrate recognition domain of Gal-3.	Carbohydrates	90-102	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	125-130
31969105-5	2021	According to the results obtained from the molecular modeling algorithm based on shape complementarity principles, RP-MPEG with the molecular weight of 1178.51 g/mol and a logP value of 3.79 has the best affinity for a non-carbohydrate-based Gal-3 inhibitor.	Carbohydrates	223-235	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	242-247
32909036-4	2021	The HG carboxylates at the C6 positions in GalA rings mandate that this saccharide bind galectin-3 in an unconventional, "topsy-turvy" orientation that is flipped by about 180o relative to that of the canonical beta-galactoside lactose.	Carbohydrates	72-82	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	88-98
33743322-3	2021	In addition, carbohydrate signals induce the expression of fatty acid synthase not only via these transcription factors but also via histone acetylation.	Carbohydrates	13-25	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	59-78
32330729-11	2020	LCN2 -/- mice have less intestinal inflammation, increased IL-22 expression, and greater adaptation as evidenced by less intestinal permeability, increased carbohydrate enzyme expression, less weight loss and less dysbiosis following 75% SBR than WT mice.	Carbohydrates	156-168	lipocalin 2	Mus musculus	0-4
31932432-3	2020	Here, we identify the requirements of hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) for Drosophila homeodomain-interacting protein kinase (Hipk)-induced growth abnormalities in response to a high sugar diet.	Carbohydrates	219-224	Homeodomain interacting protein kinase	Drosophila melanogaster	122-160
31932432-3	2020	Here, we identify the requirements of hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) for Drosophila homeodomain-interacting protein kinase (Hipk)-induced growth abnormalities in response to a high sugar diet.	Carbohydrates	219-224	Homeodomain interacting protein kinase	Drosophila melanogaster	162-166
31941049-5	2020	Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that a biomarker panel consisting of miR-200b and miR-200c from total and EpCAM-positive serum exosomes enhanced the diagnostic accuracy of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA.19-9) to 97% (p &lt; 0.0001).	Carbohydrates	202-214	microRNA 200c	Homo sapiens	112-120
32744961-7	2020	Activation of PPAR-alpha, SIRT3/1, and FXR through many cascades by plant compounds such as terpenoids, iridoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, tannins, carbohydrates, and phyto cannabinoids recover the diabetic complications.	Carbohydrates	155-168	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4	Homo sapiens	39-42
33958276-4	2021	Since fungal but not mammalian cells are encased in a carbohydrate-containing cell wall, which is required for the growth and viability of fungi, the inhibition of cell wall synthesizing machinery, such as beta(1,3)-D-glucan synthases (GS) and chitin synthases (CS) that catalyze the synthesis of beta(1-3)-D-glucan and chitin, respectively, represent an ideal mode of action of antifungal agents.	Carbohydrates	54-66	citrate synthase	Homo sapiens	244-260
31989476-3	2020	Furthermore, SENs exhibit enhanced properties as biopharmaceuticals, such as reduced antigenicity, and increased stability and targetability, which are attributed to the introduction of specific moieties, such as poly(ethylene glycol), carbohydrates, and antibodies.	Carbohydrates	236-249	potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	13-17
31949438-7	2019	The results of this study indicate that the novel cell line can prolong the half-life of GLP-1 in vivo and effectively lower blood sugar, which is a feasible method to improve type 2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	131-136	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	89-94
33958276-4	2021	Since fungal but not mammalian cells are encased in a carbohydrate-containing cell wall, which is required for the growth and viability of fungi, the inhibition of cell wall synthesizing machinery, such as beta(1,3)-D-glucan synthases (GS) and chitin synthases (CS) that catalyze the synthesis of beta(1-3)-D-glucan and chitin, respectively, represent an ideal mode of action of antifungal agents.	Carbohydrates	54-66	citrate synthase	Homo sapiens	262-264
33596122-3	2021	Peroxisome-proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), in particular PPARdelta and PPARgamma, are involved in the regulation of lipids and carbohydrates and, along adenosine-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and protein kinase B (Akt/PKB), are implicated in translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4).	Carbohydrates	137-150	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	81-90
31369681-3	2020	The orientation between the carbohydrate-recognition domain of Clec4f and its neck region differs from other C-type lectins, resulting in an observed distance of 45 A between the glycan-binding sites within the Clec4f trimer.	Carbohydrates	28-40	C-type lectin domain family 4, member f	Mus musculus	63-69
31369681-3	2020	The orientation between the carbohydrate-recognition domain of Clec4f and its neck region differs from other C-type lectins, resulting in an observed distance of 45 A between the glycan-binding sites within the Clec4f trimer.	Carbohydrates	28-40	C-type lectin domain family 4, member f	Mus musculus	211-217
31604106-4	2019	The effects of O-glycosylation on recombinant hCG protein expression were assessed by adding O-glycan precursors and overexpressing and knocking down key regulatory genes of O-glycan precursor synthesis and O-glycan sugar chain synthesis or hydrolases.	Carbohydrates	216-221	glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide	Homo sapiens	46-49
33545173-0	2021	Structural analysis of carbohydrate binding by the macrophage mannose receptor CD206.	Carbohydrates	23-35	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	62-78
31763672-3	2019	The present study reports the characterization of buffalo OVGP1 through structural modeling, carbohydrate-binding properties and evolutionary analysis.	Carbohydrates	93-105	oviductal glycoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	58-63
33545173-0	2021	Structural analysis of carbohydrate binding by the macrophage mannose receptor CD206.	Carbohydrates	23-35	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	79-84
31763672-11	2019	The binding assays revealed significant sugar-binding with purified native and recombinant OVGP1.	Carbohydrates	40-45	oviductal glycoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	91-96
32697366-0	2021	Adaptation to Low Carbohydrate High Fat diet is rapid but impairs endurance exercise metabolism and performance despite enhanced glycogen availability.	Carbohydrates	18-30	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	36-39
31778957-1	2019	Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is a pleiotropic homodimeric beta-galactoside-binding protein with a single carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	95-107	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 1	Mus musculus	0-10
31778957-1	2019	Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is a pleiotropic homodimeric beta-galactoside-binding protein with a single carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	95-107	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 1	Mus musculus	12-17
31462712-2	2020	Citrullinemia type II (CTLN-II) is an inherited disorder caused by germline mutations in SLC25A13, manifesting clinically in growth failure that can be alleviated by dietary restriction of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	189-202	solute carrier family 25 member 13	Homo sapiens	89-97
32757335-4	2021	as research materials, and found that MdbHLH3, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor (bHLH TF), modulates the accumulation of malate and carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	145-158	basic helix-loop-helix protein A-like	Malus domestica	94-101
31596474-8	2020	RNAi-mediated inhibition of SlHSP21.5A expression also resulted in reduced membrane stability and soluble sugar content and increased ROS accumulation compared to the WT under heat stress.	Carbohydrates	106-111	small heat shock protein, chloroplastic	Solanum lycopersicum	28-35
33450908-1	2021	Background: Alternate day fasting combined with a low carbohydrate diet (ADF-LC) is an effective weight loss regimen.	Carbohydrates	54-66	destrin, actin depolymerizing factor	Homo sapiens	73-76
29316276-8	2019	RNA-seq analysis revealed that genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism and digestive system pathways were significantly affected by BmTCTP depletion.	Carbohydrates	49-61	translationally-controlled tumor protein homolog	Bombyx mori	152-158
31815184-0	2019	A low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet induces the expression of very-low-density lipoprotein receptor in liver and affects its associated metabolic abnormalities.	Carbohydrates	6-18	very low density lipoprotein receptor	Mus musculus	60-97
33788185-4	2021	Galectin-3 (Gal-3; Mac-2) is a carbohydrate-binding lectin that is remarkable for its chimeric structure, comprised of an N-terminal oligomerization domain and a C-terminal carbohydrate-recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	31-43	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
31630079-5	2019	Interestingly, these in vitro Gal-1 effects were associated with Gal-1 carbohydrate-binding activity and the ability to decrease FPR-1 (formyl peptide receptor 1) expression in naive human neutrophils.	Carbohydrates	71-83	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 1	Mus musculus	65-70
31630079-6	2019	Conversely, positive ROS modulation by Gal-1 in activated neutrophils was not associated with FPR-1 expression but it was related to its carbohydrate recognition.	Carbohydrates	137-149	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 1	Mus musculus	39-44
31771407-3	2019	The results identified that the higher carbohydrates intake significantly up-regulated the FTO gene (P = 0.001) and down-regulated the IRX3 gene (P = 0.01).	Carbohydrates	39-52	iroquois homeobox 3	Homo sapiens	135-139
31890189-9	2019	Db1# had the highest nutritional value of soluble solid (11.78 oBx), pectin (1,166.15 mg/ 100 g), total carotenoid (19.57 mg/ 100 g), and total sugar (13.69 g/ 100 g).	Carbohydrates	144-149	vascular endothelial zinc finger 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
31771407-6	2019	In AA/AG carriers, dietary protein was positively associated with FTO gene expression (p = 0.001) and dietary carbohydrate was negatively associated with IRX3 gene expression (P = 0.04).	Carbohydrates	110-122	iroquois homeobox 3	Homo sapiens	154-158
33788185-4	2021	Galectin-3 (Gal-3; Mac-2) is a carbohydrate-binding lectin that is remarkable for its chimeric structure, comprised of an N-terminal oligomerization domain and a C-terminal carbohydrate-recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	31-43	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	12-17
33788185-4	2021	Galectin-3 (Gal-3; Mac-2) is a carbohydrate-binding lectin that is remarkable for its chimeric structure, comprised of an N-terminal oligomerization domain and a C-terminal carbohydrate-recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	31-43	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	19-24
33788185-4	2021	Galectin-3 (Gal-3; Mac-2) is a carbohydrate-binding lectin that is remarkable for its chimeric structure, comprised of an N-terminal oligomerization domain and a C-terminal carbohydrate-recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	173-185	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
33788185-4	2021	Galectin-3 (Gal-3; Mac-2) is a carbohydrate-binding lectin that is remarkable for its chimeric structure, comprised of an N-terminal oligomerization domain and a C-terminal carbohydrate-recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	173-185	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	12-17
31647490-2	2019	An aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active nanoparticle probe is designed and synthesized for label-free detection of galectin-3 based on carbohydrate-protein interactions.	Carbohydrates	140-152	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	120-130
31558605-2	2019	Recently, some CE1 enzymes identified in metagenomics studies have been predicted to contain a family 48 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM48), a CBM family associated with starch binding.	Carbohydrates	105-117	carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens	15-18
33788185-4	2021	Galectin-3 (Gal-3; Mac-2) is a carbohydrate-binding lectin that is remarkable for its chimeric structure, comprised of an N-terminal oligomerization domain and a C-terminal carbohydrate-recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	173-185	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	19-24
33364490-0	2020	Effect of the interaction between ribosomal protein L10a and insulin receptor on carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	81-93	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	61-77
30767565-4	2019	Recent Advances: Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a carbohydrate-binding lectin remarkable for its chimeric structure, composed of an N-terminal oligomerization domain and a C-terminal carbohydrate-recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	41-53	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	17-27
31472854-1	2019	Electroactive scaffolds derived from carbohydrate hydrogels were synthesized, resulting in a large shift in the conductivity of chitosan (CS) from 10-6 S/cm to about 10-3 S/cm, assigned to CS-oligoaniline.	Carbohydrates	37-49	citrate synthase	Homo sapiens	138-140
31472854-1	2019	Electroactive scaffolds derived from carbohydrate hydrogels were synthesized, resulting in a large shift in the conductivity of chitosan (CS) from 10-6 S/cm to about 10-3 S/cm, assigned to CS-oligoaniline.	Carbohydrates	37-49	citrate synthase	Homo sapiens	189-191
30767565-4	2019	Recent Advances: Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a carbohydrate-binding lectin remarkable for its chimeric structure, composed of an N-terminal oligomerization domain and a C-terminal carbohydrate-recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	41-53	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	29-34
30767565-4	2019	Recent Advances: Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a carbohydrate-binding lectin remarkable for its chimeric structure, composed of an N-terminal oligomerization domain and a C-terminal carbohydrate-recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	174-186	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	17-27
30767565-4	2019	Recent Advances: Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a carbohydrate-binding lectin remarkable for its chimeric structure, composed of an N-terminal oligomerization domain and a C-terminal carbohydrate-recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	174-186	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	29-34
33096507-0	2020	Comprehensive analysis of carbohydrate-protein recognition in the Protein Data Bank.	Carbohydrates	26-38	B cell scaffold protein with ankyrin repeats 1	Homo sapiens	79-83
31501288-7	2019	Together the results of this study demonstrate the necessity of both transcriptional regulators, CidR and CcpA, for the induction of the cidABC operon and revealed the complexity of molecular interactions controlling its expression.Importance This work focuses on characterization of cis- and trans-acting elements essential for the induction of the cidABC operon in S. aureus The results of this study are the first to demonstrate the synergistic control of cidABC expression by transcriptional regulators CidR and CcpA during carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	528-540	AT695_RS08815	Staphylococcus aureus	106-110
33096507-4	2020	In this work, carbohydrate-protein complexes from the Protein Data Bank were comprehensively obtained and analysed to identify patterns in how carbohydrate-protein interactions are mediated.	Carbohydrates	14-26	B cell scaffold protein with ankyrin repeats 1	Homo sapiens	67-71
31502061-1	2019	PURPOSE: Galectin-3 is a Mr 31,000 protein that belongs to a family of carbohydrate-binding proteins.	Carbohydrates	71-83	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	9-19
31502946-8	2019	Results of growth experiments with TLL-A1T on different carbon sources and analysis of its ~6.5 Gb indicate that TLL-A1T harbours a large gene repertoire that enables it to utilize a variety of carbohydrates for growth.	Carbohydrates	194-207	tolloid-like	Mus musculus	35-38
31502946-8	2019	Results of growth experiments with TLL-A1T on different carbon sources and analysis of its ~6.5 Gb indicate that TLL-A1T harbours a large gene repertoire that enables it to utilize a variety of carbohydrates for growth.	Carbohydrates	194-207	tolloid-like	Mus musculus	113-116
31502061-4	2019	Galectin-3 is the only member of the chimeric galectins that has an N-terminal glycine and proline domain and a C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain that allows galectin-3 to accommodate larger structures such us polylactosaminoglycans and intervene to DNA damage repair process.	Carbohydrates	123-135	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
31502946-9	2019	Comparative genome analyses of TLL-A1T and Clostridium species ASF 502 reveal differences in genome content between the two strains, in particular with regards to carbohydrate-activating enzymes.	Carbohydrates	163-175	tolloid-like	Mus musculus	31-34
31554421-9	2019	Additionally, carbohydrate increased the production of ApoC3 on alpha3 HDL and ApoJ and ApoL1 on the largest alpha0 HDL.	Carbohydrates	14-26	clusterin	Homo sapiens	79-83
31893310-6	2020	These data are consistent with our proteomic analysis, which showed that MCPIP1 expressing adipocytes exhibit upregulation of proteins involved in cellular organization and movement and decreased levels of proteins involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	237-249	zinc finger CCCH type containing 12A	Mus musculus	73-79
31554421-9	2019	Additionally, carbohydrate increased the production of ApoC3 on alpha3 HDL and ApoJ and ApoL1 on the largest alpha0 HDL.	Carbohydrates	14-26	apolipoprotein L1	Homo sapiens	88-93
31345080-7	2019	The activities of the hepatic key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism such as hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were significantly increased, whereas glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase were significantly decreased.	Carbohydrates	45-57	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	92-125
31400653-4	2019	HRT 2 d resulted in (1) maximum removal efficiencies for COD, carbohydrate, lipid and protein contents with values of 58.5, 58.4, 62.6 and 79.1%, respectively; (2) peak hydrogen and methane production rates of 714 and 254 mL/L-d, respectively; and (3) biogas contents of hydrogen 8.6% and methane 48.0% in the produced gas.	Carbohydrates	62-74	hes related family bHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
33178343-6	2020	The ELF1-associated target genes were mainly enriched in the GO terms of molecular transducer activity, catalytic activity, cellular processes and response to sensitivity, and in the KEGG pathways of olfactory transduction, the chemokine signaling pathway, carbohydrate digestion and absorption, and starch and sucrose metabolism.	Carbohydrates	257-269	E74 like ETS transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	4-8
31554073-8	2019	The metabolism of carbohydrates was examined on the expression of glycolysis-related genes (hexokinase 2 (HK2); 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase 4 (PFKFB4); facilitated glucose transporter member 1 (SLC2A1 (Glut1)) and lactate dehydrogenase A and utilization of glucose in the hepatocytes with durian treatment.	Carbohydrates	18-31	hexokinase 2	Homo sapiens	106-109
31667363-4	2019	ST32da, a synthetic ATF3 inducer isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza, promoted ATF3 expression to downregulate adipokine genes and induce adipocyte browning by suppressing the carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein-stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 axis.	Carbohydrates	174-186	activating transcription factor 3	Mus musculus	20-24
33686356-8	2020	Exaptation of a carbohydrate-binding protein for the function of the MVP is a general trend in virus evolution and might underlie the transformation of the virion shape in other groups of the Nucleocytoviricota as well.	Carbohydrates	16-28	major vault protein	Homo sapiens	69-72
31330134-12	2019	Pharmacological manipulation of bile acid receptor activation prevented the induction of lipogenic and carbohydrate genes, suggesting that the observed metabolic phenotype is driven through bile acid rather than steroid hormone availability.	Carbohydrates	103-115	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4	Homo sapiens	32-50
31204288-0	2019	6-Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase Links Cytosolic Carbohydrate Metabolism to Protein Secretion via Modulation of Glutathione Levels.	Carbohydrates	49-61	phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-32
31204288-4	2019	Here, we show that 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD), a cytosolic enzyme involved in carbohydrate metabolism, is required for ER structural integrity and protein secretion.	Carbohydrates	90-102	phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	19-51
31204288-4	2019	Here, we show that 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD), a cytosolic enzyme involved in carbohydrate metabolism, is required for ER structural integrity and protein secretion.	Carbohydrates	90-102	phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	53-56
31204288-7	2019	Thus, PGD serves as a link between cytosolic carbohydrate metabolism and protein secretion.	Carbohydrates	45-57	phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	6-9
31311846-3	2019	Here, we demonstrated that the carbohydrate-binding protein galectin-3 stimulated microenvironment remodeling in the cornea by promoting the paracrine action of secreted interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta).	Carbohydrates	31-43	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	60-70
31255436-10	2019	The toxicity of carbohydrate is well known in the progression to CTLN2 if the consumption is over a long term or intense.	Carbohydrates	16-28	solute carrier family 25 member 13	Homo sapiens	65-70
30988006-12	2019	In summary, peripheral ENHO expression associates with pathways related to epigenetic and neural functions, and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, suggesting co-regulation in nonhuman primates.	Carbohydrates	112-124	energy homeostasis associated	Homo sapiens	23-27
31217353-2	2019	Here, we test the theory that dietary carbohydrate intolerance (i.e., the inability to process carbohydrate in a healthy manner) rather than obesity per se is a fundamental feature of MetS.METHODSIndividuals who were obese with a diagnosis of MetS were fed three 4-week weight-maintenance diets that were low, moderate, and high in carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	38-50	ETS variant transcription factor 3	Homo sapiens	184-188
31217353-4	2019	Carbohydrate restriction also improved abnormal fatty acid composition, an emerging MetS feature.	Carbohydrates	0-12	ETS variant transcription factor 3	Homo sapiens	84-88
30802283-6	2019	In a series of behavioral tests, we isolated the effect of FGF21 to influence consumption of protein, fat, and carbohydrate in male mice.	Carbohydrates	111-123	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	59-64
30802283-8	2019	In response to FGF21, mice increased consumption of protein while reducing carbohydrate intake, with no effect on fat intake.	Carbohydrates	75-87	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	15-20
30802283-11	2019	Under these conditions, FGF21 increased protein intake, and this was offset by reducing the consumption of either carbohydrate or fat.	Carbohydrates	114-126	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	24-29
30954271-3	2019	SP-A, being a carbohydrate pattern recognition molecule, has a wide range of innate immune functions against respiratory pathogens, including influenza A virus (IAV).	Carbohydrates	14-26	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	0-4
30954271-5	2019	Here, we provide evidence, for the first time, that a recombinant form of human SP-A (rfhSP-A), composed of alpha-helical neck and carbohydrate recognition domains, can actually promote the IAV replication, as observed by an upregulation of M1 expression in lung epithelial cell line, A549, when challenged with pH1N1 and H3N2 IAV subtypes.	Carbohydrates	131-143	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	80-84
30838779-3	2019	Only a small number of mutations in the dystroglycan gene, leading to the so called primary dystroglycanopathies, has been described so far, as opposed to the ever-growing number of identified secondary or tertiary dystroglycanopathies (caused by genetic abnormalities in glycosyltransferases or in enzymes involved in the synthesis of the carbohydrate building blocks).	Carbohydrates	340-352	dystroglycan 1	Homo sapiens	40-52
30660494-3	2019	We initially analyzed the public transcriptome of urothelial carcinoma in Gene Expression Omnibus database (GSE31684) with particular focus on genes associated with carbohydrate metabolism, and found that Chitinase 3-like-1 (CHI3L1) was a significantly up-regulated gene associated with advanced disease status.	Carbohydrates	165-177	chitinase 3 like 1	Homo sapiens	205-223
30660494-3	2019	We initially analyzed the public transcriptome of urothelial carcinoma in Gene Expression Omnibus database (GSE31684) with particular focus on genes associated with carbohydrate metabolism, and found that Chitinase 3-like-1 (CHI3L1) was a significantly up-regulated gene associated with advanced disease status.	Carbohydrates	165-177	chitinase 3 like 1	Homo sapiens	225-231
31037120-0	2019	Simultaneous analyses of carbohydrate-mediated serum GLP-1 and GLP-2 and duodenal receptor expression in children with and without celiac disease.	Carbohydrates	25-37	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	53-58
30938715-7	2019	ACBP-astrocytes were observed in apposition with proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons and ODN selectively activated POMC neurons through the ODN-GPCR but not GABAA, and supressed feeding while increasing carbohydrate utilization via the melanocortin system.	Carbohydrates	202-214	diazepam binding inhibitor	Mus musculus	0-4
30081721-11	2019	The albumin- and antibody-binding O-glycoproteins AOP1 and AOP2 were single polypeptide proteins of size 107 kDa and 98 kDa, containing 54% and 51% carbohydrate respectively and conformed to no known plasma protein in properties.	Carbohydrates	148-160	peroxiredoxin 6	Homo sapiens	59-63
30854216-5	2019	This variant encodes the substitution p.(Val178Met), localized within the carbohydrate recognition domain of surfactant protein A and segregates with the genes causing idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.	Carbohydrates	74-86	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	109-129
29704198-1	2019	Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a chimeric protein structurally composed of unusual tandem repeats of proline and short glycine-rich segments fused onto a carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	145-157	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-17
31768111-0	2019	Involvement of the membrane-localized ubiquitin ligase ATL8 in sugar starvation response in Arabidopsis.	Carbohydrates	63-68	RING/U-box superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	55-59
31768111-5	2019	This study showed that ATL8 is a sugar starvation response gene and that ATL8 expression was significantly increased by sugar starvation conditions but repressed by exogenous sugar supply.	Carbohydrates	33-38	RING/U-box superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	23-27
31768111-5	2019	This study showed that ATL8 is a sugar starvation response gene and that ATL8 expression was significantly increased by sugar starvation conditions but repressed by exogenous sugar supply.	Carbohydrates	120-125	RING/U-box superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	23-27
31768111-5	2019	This study showed that ATL8 is a sugar starvation response gene and that ATL8 expression was significantly increased by sugar starvation conditions but repressed by exogenous sugar supply.	Carbohydrates	120-125	RING/U-box superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	73-77
31768111-5	2019	This study showed that ATL8 is a sugar starvation response gene and that ATL8 expression was significantly increased by sugar starvation conditions but repressed by exogenous sugar supply.	Carbohydrates	120-125	RING/U-box superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	23-27
31768111-5	2019	This study showed that ATL8 is a sugar starvation response gene and that ATL8 expression was significantly increased by sugar starvation conditions but repressed by exogenous sugar supply.	Carbohydrates	120-125	RING/U-box superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	73-77
31768111-7	2019	In addition, Starch Synthase 4 was identified as a putative interactor with ATL8, suggesting that ATL8 may be involved in modulating starch accumulation in response to sugar availability.	Carbohydrates	168-173	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	13-30
31768111-7	2019	In addition, Starch Synthase 4 was identified as a putative interactor with ATL8, suggesting that ATL8 may be involved in modulating starch accumulation in response to sugar availability.	Carbohydrates	168-173	RING/U-box superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	76-80
31768111-7	2019	In addition, Starch Synthase 4 was identified as a putative interactor with ATL8, suggesting that ATL8 may be involved in modulating starch accumulation in response to sugar availability.	Carbohydrates	168-173	RING/U-box superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	98-102
31768111-8	2019	These findings suggest that ATL8 functions as a membrane-localized ubiquitin ligase likely to be involved in the adaptation of Arabidopsis plants to sugar starvation stress.	Carbohydrates	149-154	RING/U-box superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	28-32
30519272-4	2018	Our data also indicated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to energy metabolism involving lipids, carbohydrates, and amino acids metabolic process; the expression of CPT-1 and FABP4 (ap2) was improved; PPAR, Glycolysis, Wnt, cAMP, MAPK, AMPK, and fatty acid degradation signaling pathway may be related to energy metabolism.	Carbohydrates	109-122	fatty acid binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	187-192
30519272-4	2018	Our data also indicated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to energy metabolism involving lipids, carbohydrates, and amino acids metabolic process; the expression of CPT-1 and FABP4 (ap2) was improved; PPAR, Glycolysis, Wnt, cAMP, MAPK, AMPK, and fatty acid degradation signaling pathway may be related to energy metabolism.	Carbohydrates	109-122	fatty acid binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	194-197
30459708-10	2018	Robust data displayed that these O-GlcNAc changes could lead to (i) a differential modulation of the carbohydrates metabolism, since the majority of enzymes are known to be O-GlcNAcylated, and to (ii) a differential modulation of the protein synthesis/degradation balance since O-GlcNAcylation regulates some key signaling pathways such as Akt/GSK3beta, Akt/mTOR, Myogenin/Atrogin-1, Myogenin/Mef2D, Mrf4 and PGC-1alpha in the skeletal muscle.	Carbohydrates	101-114	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	344-352
30459708-10	2018	Robust data displayed that these O-GlcNAc changes could lead to (i) a differential modulation of the carbohydrates metabolism, since the majority of enzymes are known to be O-GlcNAcylated, and to (ii) a differential modulation of the protein synthesis/degradation balance since O-GlcNAcylation regulates some key signaling pathways such as Akt/GSK3beta, Akt/mTOR, Myogenin/Atrogin-1, Myogenin/Mef2D, Mrf4 and PGC-1alpha in the skeletal muscle.	Carbohydrates	101-114	myogenin	Homo sapiens	364-372
30459708-10	2018	Robust data displayed that these O-GlcNAc changes could lead to (i) a differential modulation of the carbohydrates metabolism, since the majority of enzymes are known to be O-GlcNAcylated, and to (ii) a differential modulation of the protein synthesis/degradation balance since O-GlcNAcylation regulates some key signaling pathways such as Akt/GSK3beta, Akt/mTOR, Myogenin/Atrogin-1, Myogenin/Mef2D, Mrf4 and PGC-1alpha in the skeletal muscle.	Carbohydrates	101-114	myogenin	Homo sapiens	384-392
30216067-4	2018	When using these parameters, preferential interaction coefficients calculated from simulations of these carbohydrates and the proteins lysozyme, bovine serum albumin, alpha-chymotrypsinogen A, and RNase A agreed well with the experimental data, whereas use of the CHARMM36 parameters indicated preferential inclusion of carbohydrates, in disagreement with the experiment.	Carbohydrates	104-117	ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic	Homo sapiens	197-204
31177541-5	2019	HP diet led to increased expression of mRNA and enzymes in amino acid degradation pathways and decreased expression of mRNA and enzymes in carbohydrate and fat metabolism, which implicated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as a possible regulator.	Carbohydrates	139-151	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	239-243
31666589-1	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) is a surface glycoprotein that can degrade glucagon like pepetide-1 (GLP-1) by decreasing blood sugar.	Carbohydrates	129-134	glucagon	Mus musculus	76-100
31666589-1	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) is a surface glycoprotein that can degrade glucagon like pepetide-1 (GLP-1) by decreasing blood sugar.	Carbohydrates	129-134	glucagon	Mus musculus	102-107
31488546-1	2019	CD23, the low affinity IgE receptor found on B lymphocytes and other cells, contains a C-terminal lectin-like domain that resembles C-type carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) found in many glycan-binding receptors.	Carbohydrates	139-151	Fc epsilon receptor II	Homo sapiens	0-4
31451254-3	2019	The present study aimed to evaluate the association of carbohydrate quality and quantity with PIH.	Carbohydrates	55-67	pregnancy-induced hypertension (pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, toxemia of pregnancy included)	Homo sapiens	94-97
31451254-8	2019	RESULTS: In pregnant women in whom the daily carbohydrate intake and GL were higher than median increased frequency of PIH compared to whom had lower than median ones (OR = 3.23, 95% CI 1.46-7.17, and P = 0.004; OR = 2.60, 95% CI 1.21-5.56; and P = 0.035, respectively).	Carbohydrates	45-57	pregnancy-induced hypertension (pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, toxemia of pregnancy included)	Homo sapiens	119-122
31451254-11	2019	CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that carbohydrate intake and GL are related to higher and daily fiber intake to lower frequency of PIH.	Carbohydrates	41-53	pregnancy-induced hypertension (pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, toxemia of pregnancy included)	Homo sapiens	135-138
31389242-1	2019	Amylosucrase (EC 2.4.1.4, ASase), a typical carbohydrate-active enzyme, can catalyze 5 types of reactions and recognize more than 50 types of glycosyl acceptors.	Carbohydrates	44-56	adenylosuccinate lyase	Homo sapiens	26-31
31295549-0	2019	The Drosophila nuclear receptors EcR and ERR jointly regulate the expression of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	98-110	estrogen-related receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	41-44
31295549-6	2019	EcR was detected at a subset of the ERR target genes responsible for carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	69-81	estrogen-related receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	36-39
31393762-5	2019	This article discusses the case of a child with type 1 diabetes who was successfully treated with a very low-carbohydrate diet, resulting in normal levels of HbA1c and normal blood glucose 95% of the time in a range of 70-180 mg/dL (4.0 mmol/L-10 mmol/L).	Carbohydrates	109-121	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	158-162
31485224-3	2019	Chitooligosaccharide deacetylase homolog (YDJC) catalyzes the deacetylation of acetylated carbohydrates; however, the role of YDJC in lung cancer progression has yet to be studied.	Carbohydrates	90-103	YdjC homolog (bacterial)	Mus musculus	42-46
31485224-3	2019	Chitooligosaccharide deacetylase homolog (YDJC) catalyzes the deacetylation of acetylated carbohydrates; however, the role of YDJC in lung cancer progression has yet to be studied.	Carbohydrates	90-103	YdjC homolog (bacterial)	Mus musculus	126-130
31466755-7	2019	The TRPM8 activation manifests itself in an increase of value only the urgent first phase, this phase is associated with carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	121-133	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8	Homo sapiens	4-9
32735926-1	2020	alpha-Amylase inhibitors (alpha-AIs) target alpha-amylases and interfere with the carbohydrate digestion of insects.	Carbohydrates	82-94	alpha-amylase	Tribolium castaneum	0-13
31194867-8	2019	Blocking of sperm surface galectin-3 function by antibody or carbohydrate substrate reduced the ZP-binding capacity of spermatozoa.	Carbohydrates	61-73	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	26-36
30323815-12	2018	By using the in-house antibodies and recombinant CL-11, we found that CL-11 can bind to zymosan independently of calcium by a separate site from the carbohydrate-binding region.	Carbohydrates	149-161	collectin subfamily member 11	Homo sapiens	70-75
32969201-1	2020	BACKGROUND: 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) synthase 2 gene (HMGCS2) encodes a mitochondrial enzyme catalyzing the first reaction of ketogenesis metabolic pathway which provides lipid-derived energy for various organs during times of carbohydrate deprivation, such as fasting.	Carbohydrates	243-255	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2	Homo sapiens	70-76
30236114-4	2018	Their conjugation with tailored carbohydrate ligands can yield specific glyconanomaterials applicable for targeting biomedicinally relevant lectins like Gal-3.	Carbohydrates	32-44	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	153-158
31094416-3	2019	Binding of Gal-3 and its carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) to CD146 D1-D4 is greatly reduced vis-a-vis CD146 eFL, supporting the proposal of a larger number of glycosylation sites on D5.	Carbohydrates	25-37	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	11-16
33076263-0	2020	Carbohydrate-Induced Insulin Signaling Activates Focal Adhesion Kinase: A Nutrient and Mechanotransduction Crossroads.	Carbohydrates	0-12	protein tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	49-70
31079945-1	2019	The Cholesterol-synthesizing proteins (HMGCS1 and HMGCS2) are mitochondrial enzymes that believed to catalyze the first reaction of ketogenesis, the process by which energy is provided from fats in the absence of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	213-226	hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase, cytoplasmic	Camelus dromedarius	39-45
29983168-10	2018	Saccharides in the size range DP1-4, including amino, acetamido, and deoxy sugars, were separated using a binary gradient method.	Carbohydrates	0-11	prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens	30-35
33076263-4	2020	FAK and IRS-1 activity were only elevated 1 h post-exercise with carbohydrate ingestion (p < 0.05).	Carbohydrates	65-77	protein tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
33022991-0	2020	An Almond-Based Low Carbohydrate Diet Improves Depression and Glycometabolism in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes through Modulating Gut Microbiota and GLP-1: A Randomized Controlled Trial.	Carbohydrates	20-32	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	149-154
30060781-4	2018	Moreover, high-throughput RNA sequencing revealed that Drosophila FliI regulates the expression of genes related to biological processes such as chromosome organization, carbohydrate metabolism, and immune reactions.	Carbohydrates	170-182	flightless I	Drosophila melanogaster	66-70
30940584-0	2019	Immunosensing of breast cancer tumor protein CA 15-3 (carbohydrate antigen 15.3) using a novel nano-bioink: A new platform for screening of proteins in human biofluids by pen-on-paper technology.	Carbohydrates	54-66	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	45-52
30799367-6	2019	We describe a rare CTLN2 case without hepatocyte steatosis in an elderly woman who responded well to a low-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	107-119	solute carrier family 25 member 13	Homo sapiens	19-24
32623356-13	2020	The effects of the N-glycans are mostly indirect, but in one case a direct contact with the drug, via a carbohydrate-carbohydrate interaction, was observed with 18beta-GLR bound to Box-B of glycosylated HMGB1.	Carbohydrates	104-116	high mobility group box 1	Homo sapiens	203-208
31067824-0	2019	Lysosomal Acid Lipase as a Molecular Target of the Very Low Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet in Morbidly Obese Patients: The Potential Effects on Liver Steatosis and Cardiovascular Risk Factors.	Carbohydrates	60-72	lipase A, lysosomal acid type	Homo sapiens	0-21
29701319-1	2018	OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to investigate the correlation between serum carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153) and renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Carbohydrates	81-93	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	107-112
32623356-13	2020	The effects of the N-glycans are mostly indirect, but in one case a direct contact with the drug, via a carbohydrate-carbohydrate interaction, was observed with 18beta-GLR bound to Box-B of glycosylated HMGB1.	Carbohydrates	117-129	high mobility group box 1	Homo sapiens	203-208
30035358-4	2018	Proteomic trend dynamics indicate that, for proteins mainly associated with DNA replication and carbohydrate metabolism, an FGF2 stimulus delays their abundance changes, whereas FGF2 stimulation accelerates other metabolic programs.	Carbohydrates	96-108	fibroblast growth factor 2	Mus musculus	124-128
30714432-9	2019	In addition to prolonged fasting, a high-fat diet and a high-carbohydrate (no-protein) diet caused modification of daily expression rhythms of the genes, with characteristic changes in profiles of glucoregulatory hormones such as corticosterone, glucagon, and insulin, as well as their modulators including ghrelin, leptin, resistin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1).	Carbohydrates	61-73	glucagon	Mus musculus	246-254
30714432-9	2019	In addition to prolonged fasting, a high-fat diet and a high-carbohydrate (no-protein) diet caused modification of daily expression rhythms of the genes, with characteristic changes in profiles of glucoregulatory hormones such as corticosterone, glucagon, and insulin, as well as their modulators including ghrelin, leptin, resistin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1).	Carbohydrates	61-73	ghrelin	Mus musculus	307-314
32907757-1	2020	The many carbohydrate chains on Covid-19 coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and its S-protein form a glycan-shield that masks antigenic peptides and decreases uptake of inactivated virus or S-protein vaccines by APC.	Carbohydrates	9-21	APC regulator of WNT signaling pathway	Homo sapiens	200-203
30714432-9	2019	In addition to prolonged fasting, a high-fat diet and a high-carbohydrate (no-protein) diet caused modification of daily expression rhythms of the genes, with characteristic changes in profiles of glucoregulatory hormones such as corticosterone, glucagon, and insulin, as well as their modulators including ghrelin, leptin, resistin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1).	Carbohydrates	61-73	glucagon	Mus musculus	390-413
30714432-9	2019	In addition to prolonged fasting, a high-fat diet and a high-carbohydrate (no-protein) diet caused modification of daily expression rhythms of the genes, with characteristic changes in profiles of glucoregulatory hormones such as corticosterone, glucagon, and insulin, as well as their modulators including ghrelin, leptin, resistin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1).	Carbohydrates	61-73	glucagon	Mus musculus	415-420
29544682-3	2018	The growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) system, an important hormonal regulator of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, promotes neonatal growth and development.	Carbohydrates	114-126	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	4-18
29544682-3	2018	The growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) system, an important hormonal regulator of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, promotes neonatal growth and development.	Carbohydrates	114-126	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	20-22
32790349-0	2020	Nanophotonic-Carbohydrate Lab-On-A-Microneedle for Rapid Detection of Human Cystatin C in Finger-Prick Blood.	Carbohydrates	13-25	cystatin C	Homo sapiens	76-86
29845188-5	2018	Furthermore, lncRNA Ftx affected the activity and expression of key enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism, suggesting that lncRNA Ftx may be involved in aerobic glycolysis in HCC.	Carbohydrates	79-91	FTX transcript, XIST regulator	Homo sapiens	20-23
29845188-5	2018	Furthermore, lncRNA Ftx affected the activity and expression of key enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism, suggesting that lncRNA Ftx may be involved in aerobic glycolysis in HCC.	Carbohydrates	79-91	FTX transcript, XIST regulator	Homo sapiens	127-130
31023581-4	2019	These clinically benign KLF1 variants are associated with a reduced expression of 1 or more red cell membrane proteins/carbohydrates that carry blood group antigens for the LU (Lutheran), IN (Indian), P1PK, LW (Landsteiner-Wiener), KN (Knops), OK, RAPH, and I blood group systems.	Carbohydrates	119-132	Kruppel like factor 1	Homo sapiens	24-28
30839295-4	2019	Although the overall structure of the domain resembles those of its mammalian and yeast orthologs (ERGIC-53 and Emp46, respectively), there are significant changes in the carbohydrate-binding site.	Carbohydrates	171-183	Emp46p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	112-117
32364651-7	2020	These TFs are also known as regulators to target genes engaged in the Wnt/betacatenin pathway, in the TGFbeta/BMP/SMAD signaling, in the transition between Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and Mesenchymal Epithelial Transition (MET), in the homeostasis of lipids, bile acids and carbohydrates homeostasis, in drug metabolism, in the estrogen processing and in the oxidative stress response.	Carbohydrates	286-299	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	102-109
30814513-0	2019	Rationally designed carbohydrate-occluded epitopes elicit HIV-1 Env-specific antibodies.	Carbohydrates	20-32	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	64-67
30814513-1	2019	An array of carbohydrates masks the HIV-1 surface protein Env, contributing to the evasion of humoral immunity.	Carbohydrates	12-25	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	58-61
30061484-8	2018	Sulphated K5 carbohydrate fragments inhibited RAGE binding to amyloid beta-peptide and HMGB1.	Carbohydrates	13-25	high mobility group box 1	Homo sapiens	87-92
32863211-0	2020	Low-protein/high-carbohydrate diet induces AMPK-dependent canonical and non-canonical thermogenesis in subcutaneous adipose tissue.	Carbohydrates	17-29	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	43-47
30533253-5	2018	Carbohydrate active enzyme (CAZy) database has classified CE into 16 classes, of which hemicellulose deacetylating CE were grouped into eight classes (CE-1 to CE-7 and CE-16).	Carbohydrates	0-12	carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens	151-163
29544026-10	2018	Two pairs of SP-A 18-mers with carbohydrate recognition domains pointing inwardly and outwardly, stacked vertically as a column of four molecules, then repeated side by side in rows, approximated the size and layering patterns observed in these granules.	Carbohydrates	31-43	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	13-17
30618244-4	2019	Here we pinpoint the molecular determinants underlying differences in ligand affinity to the carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-3, using a combination of isothermal titration calorimetry, X-ray crystallography, NMR relaxation, and molecular dynamics simulations followed by conformational entropy and grid inhomogeneous solvation theory (GIST) analyses.	Carbohydrates	93-105	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	128-138
30711998-1	2019	AIM: To confirm that the carbohydrate antigen 19.9 (CA 19.9) protein can be evaluated by determining changes in the beta2 zone in protein electrophoresis.	Carbohydrates	25-37	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	116-121
32766618-1	2020	Seven new carbohydrate-bistriazole hybrid molecules were designed taking into consideration the crescent shaped active site of ribonuclease A (RNase A).	Carbohydrates	10-22	ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic	Homo sapiens	127-141
30125349-1	2019	The goal of this investigation was to examine clinical translation of glucose responsiveness of MK-2640, which is a novel insulin saccharide conjugate that can bind the insulin receptor or mannose receptor C type 1 (MRC1), the latter dependent upon glucose concentration.	Carbohydrates	130-140	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	216-220
29580070-12	2018	Furthermore, relevant correlations (p &lt; 0.05) between methylation at cg09578018 (RORA) and cg01180628 (BHLHE40) with total energy and carbohydrate intakes were found.	Carbohydrates	137-149	basic helix-loop-helix family member e40	Homo sapiens	106-113
30476049-7	2019	Large (up to 12 Mbp) genomes of planctomycetes encode wide repertoires of carbohydrate-active enzymes including many unclassified putative glycoside hydrolases, which suggests the presence of extremely high glycolytic potential in these bacteria.	Carbohydrates	74-86	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	16-19
32766618-1	2020	Seven new carbohydrate-bistriazole hybrid molecules were designed taking into consideration the crescent shaped active site of ribonuclease A (RNase A).	Carbohydrates	10-22	ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic	Homo sapiens	143-150
32592838-0	2020	Defining a low carbohydrate diet: Proposal for a standardized consensus of carbohydrate intake (Carb-Cal Model).	Carbohydrates	75-87	syntaxin 8	Homo sapiens	96-100
30316873-0	2019	Development of leptin resistance in sucrose drinking rats is associated with consuming carbohydrate-containing solutions and not calorie-free sweet solution.	Carbohydrates	87-99	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	15-21
30316873-12	2019	These data indicate that consumption of a calorie containing carbohydrate solution and not sweet taste drives the development of leptin resistance and suggest that there is lower threshold for inhibition of hunger than for inhibition of reward by leptin.	Carbohydrates	61-73	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	129-135
29550873-7	2018	When the carbohydrate/fat ratio was high (LP/HC), mice developed type 2 diabetes despite the robustly elevated hepatic FGF21 secretion and increased energy expenditure.	Carbohydrates	9-21	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	119-124
31785297-2	2020	The structure characterization of PAP by Infra-red spectrometry (IR), Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Gas chromatogram-Mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and colorimetric methods revealed an optimum yield of 8.84%, a high quantity of carbohydrate (64.75%) and low levels of lipids, protein and sulfate.	Carbohydrates	227-239	poly (A) polymerase beta (testis specific)	Mus musculus	34-37
29401627-8	2018	We showed that mDectin-1, mDectin-2, and SIGN-R1 are decorated by N-glycan structures that can be recognized by the carbohydrate recognition domain of Gal-3.	Carbohydrates	116-128	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	151-156
29762371-1	2018	The final step of carbohydrate digestion in the intestine is performed by 2 major alpha-glucosidases of the intestinal mucosa, sucrase-isomaltase (SI) and maltase-glucoamylase.	Carbohydrates	18-30	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	155-175
30506731-5	2019	METHODS: In this case-control study, an oral glucose test (OGT) was used to determine the insulin responsiveness of each pony to PO carbohydrate before grazing pasture (4 hours) for 3 consecutive days.	Carbohydrates	132-144	INS	Equus caballus	90-97
31614355-2	2019	Fibroblast growth factors, FGF19 and FGF21, are involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	70-82	fibroblast growth factor 19	Homo sapiens	27-32
31614355-9	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that increased concentrations of FGF19 and FGF21 in patients with CKD may be associated with the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	155-168	fibroblast growth factor 19	Homo sapiens	66-71
32584664-0	2020	Co-ingestion of protein and carbohydrate in the early recovery phase improves endurance performance despite like glycogen degradation and AMPK phosphorylation.	Carbohydrates	28-40	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	138-142
30262060-5	2019	Compared with previous reported poly(acrylic acid)-grafted silica (Sil-PAA) stationary phase, Sil-PIA possesses shorter retention time but similar or higher selectivity for the separation of most polar compounds such as bases, nucleosides, amino acids, and saccharides in hydrophilic interaction chromatography.	Carbohydrates	257-268	STIL centriolar assembly protein	Homo sapiens	94-97
29337437-2	2018	As part of two distinct protein complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, the kinase has been shown to influence cell growth and proliferation by controlling ribosome biogenesis, mRNA translation, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, protein degradation, autophagy as well as microtubule and actin dynamics.	Carbohydrates	185-197	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	43-49
29337437-2	2018	As part of two distinct protein complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, the kinase has been shown to influence cell growth and proliferation by controlling ribosome biogenesis, mRNA translation, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, protein degradation, autophagy as well as microtubule and actin dynamics.	Carbohydrates	185-197	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 2	Mus musculus	54-60
32724854-8	2020	The successful synthesis of CS-E oligosaccharides provides structurally defined carbohydrates for advancing CS-E research and offers a potential therapeutic agent to treat life-threatening systemic inflammation.	Carbohydrates	80-93	cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase)	Mus musculus	28-32
29390163-0	2018	Identification of internally sialylated carbohydrate tumor marker candidates, including Sda/CAD antigens, by focused glycomic analyses utilizing the substrate specificity of neuraminidase.	Carbohydrates	40-52	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	174-187
30588060-5	2018	Patients with CTLN2 required liver transplantation for the most promising prognosis; however, they were successfully treated with MCT supplement with a low carbohydrate formula.	Carbohydrates	156-168	solute carrier family 25 member 13	Homo sapiens	14-19
30400014-1	2018	Mechanisms of carbohydrate-induced secretion of the two incretins namely glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are considered to be mostly similar.	Carbohydrates	14-26	glucagon	Mus musculus	73-96
30400014-1	2018	Mechanisms of carbohydrate-induced secretion of the two incretins namely glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are considered to be mostly similar.	Carbohydrates	14-26	glucagon	Mus musculus	98-103
30205243-2	2018	Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) sugars are known to enhance BMP activity in vitro and in vivo; here the interactions of BMP-2 with various glycosaminoglycan classes were compared and shown to be selective for heparin over other comparable saccharides.	Carbohydrates	231-242	bone morphogenetic protein 2	Homo sapiens	112-117
29652849-1	2018	After generating much interest in the past as an aid in solving structural problems for complex molecules such as polysaccharides, carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes of marine origin still appear as interesting biocatalysts for a range of useful applications in strong interdisciplinary fields such as green chemistry and similar domains.	Carbohydrates	131-143	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	49-52
32724854-8	2020	The successful synthesis of CS-E oligosaccharides provides structurally defined carbohydrates for advancing CS-E research and offers a potential therapeutic agent to treat life-threatening systemic inflammation.	Carbohydrates	80-93	cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase)	Mus musculus	108-112
32646066-6	2020	In two trials, Lp(a) increased with carbohydrate replacement; one trial showed no effect and another showed Lp(a) lowering.	Carbohydrates	36-48	lipoprotein(a)	Homo sapiens	15-20
30633249-0	2018	[Excision of Carbohydrate-Modified dNMP Analogues from DNA 3" end by Human Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1 (APE1) and Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1)].	Carbohydrates	13-25	apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1	Homo sapiens	75-111
30633249-0	2018	[Excision of Carbohydrate-Modified dNMP Analogues from DNA 3" end by Human Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1 (APE1) and Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1)].	Carbohydrates	13-25	apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1	Homo sapiens	113-117
30633249-0	2018	[Excision of Carbohydrate-Modified dNMP Analogues from DNA 3" end by Human Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1 (APE1) and Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1)].	Carbohydrates	13-25	tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1	Homo sapiens	123-154
30633249-0	2018	[Excision of Carbohydrate-Modified dNMP Analogues from DNA 3" end by Human Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1 (APE1) and Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1)].	Carbohydrates	13-25	tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1	Homo sapiens	156-160
29186467-3	2018	The carbohydrate moiety of sulfatide and seminolipid is identical and synthesized by common enzymes: ceramide galactosyltransferase (CGT) and cerebroside sulfotransferase (CST).	Carbohydrates	4-16	galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase 1	Mus musculus	142-170
32206789-4	2020	Here we show that the ppc2 mutants suffered a growth arrest when transferred to low atmospheric CO2 conditions, together with decreases in the maximum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and lower levels of leaf ABA and carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	221-234	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	22-26
29186467-3	2018	The carbohydrate moiety of sulfatide and seminolipid is identical and synthesized by common enzymes: ceramide galactosyltransferase (CGT) and cerebroside sulfotransferase (CST).	Carbohydrates	4-16	galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase 1	Mus musculus	172-175
29393345-11	2018	The GO term, "carbohydrate derivative transport involving in biological process", was associated with SLC35E3.	Carbohydrates	14-26	solute carrier family 35 member E3	Homo sapiens	102-109
30397902-6	2018	Immediate pre-exercise carbohydrate improves symptoms in the glycogenolytic defects (i.e., PYGM), but can exacerbate symptoms in glycolytic defects (i.e., PFK).	Carbohydrates	23-35	glycogen phosphorylase, muscle associated	Homo sapiens	91-95
29933030-0	2018	Profound differences in fat versus carbohydrate preferences in CAST/EiJ and C57BL/6J mice: Role of fat taste.	Carbohydrates	35-47	calpastatin	Mus musculus	63-67
32423819-3	2020	Here, we report that global deletion of the SCD2 isoform (SCD2KO) provides a similar protective effect against the onset of both high-fat diet (HFD) and high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) induced adiposity.	Carbohydrates	158-170	stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 2	Mus musculus	44-48
29933030-1	2018	In a nutrient self-selection study, CAST/EiJ mice consumed more carbohydrate than fat while C57BL/6J (B6) mice showed the opposite preference.	Carbohydrates	64-76	calpastatin	Mus musculus	36-40
30026188-8	2018	In line with this, NT-PGC-1alpha-/- mice had higher reliance on carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	64-77	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	22-32
29564697-12	2018	The observed phenotypes of transgenic plants and the regulation of TabZIP2 activity by nutrient starvation-responsive WPK4, suggest that the TabZIP2 could be the part of a signalling pathway, which controls the rearrangement of carbohydrate and nutrient flows in plant organs in response to drought.	Carbohydrates	228-240	CBL-interacting protein kinase 19	Triticum aestivum	118-122
31672636-0	2020	Unravelling the carbohydrate specificity of MelA from Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1: An alpha-galactosidase displaying regioselective transgalactosylation.	Carbohydrates	16-28	alpha-galactosidase	Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1	44-48
29414316-9	2018	SIGNIFICANCE: In current study, for the first time, PPARgamma agonism by rosiglitazone was proved to promote thermogenesis under near-freezing conditions and enhance the heat generating response against cold-induced hypothermia in mice by switching the fuel preference from carbohydrates to lipids.	Carbohydrates	274-287	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	52-61
29998543-11	2018	Furthermore, SLC18A1 and SLC6A3 gene methylation signatures correlated with total energy (p &lt; 0.001) and carbohydrate (p &lt; 0.001) intakes.	Carbohydrates	108-120	solute carrier family 18 member A1	Homo sapiens	13-20
31672636-1	2020	This comprehensive work addresses, for the first time, the heterologous production, purification, biochemical characterization and carbohydrate specificity of MelA, a cold-active alpha-galactosidase belonging to the Glycoside Hydrolase family 36, from the probiotic organism Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1.	Carbohydrates	131-143	alpha-galactosidase	Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1	159-163
29563823-5	2018	We observed positive correlation of total carbohydrate intake (g/day) with HbA1c in men (rs=0.384) and women (rs=0.251), but no correlation for % carbohydrate in either sex.	Carbohydrates	42-54	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	75-79
31672636-2	2020	The hydrolytic activity of MelA alpha-galactosidase on a wide range of p-nitrophenyl glycoside derivatives and carbohydrates of different molecular-weights showed its high selectivity and efficiency towards the alpha(1 6) glycosidic bonds involving the anomeric carbon of galactose and the C6-hydroxyl group of galactose or glucose units.	Carbohydrates	111-124	alpha-galactosidase	Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1	27-31
30108477-10	2018	DP1, characterized by higher intakes of vegetables, legumes, nuts and seeds, fruit, refined carbohydrates, and starchy vegetables, but lower intakes of sweets, was associated with lower abundance of Enterobacteriaceae, Lactococcus, Roseburia, Leuconostoc, and Ruminococcus.	Carbohydrates	92-105	prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens	0-3
32335094-6	2020	METHODS: We studied two CTLN2 patients complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), Case 1 presented with hyperammonemic encephalopathy accompanied with DM, while Case 2 presented with hyperammonemic encephalopathy relapse upon the onset of DM after several years" remission following supplementation with medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) and adherence to a low-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	365-377	solute carrier family 25 member 13	Homo sapiens	24-29
30054538-4	2018	The current study asked the questions whether PrPSc can directly trigger activation of microglia and whether the degree of microglia response depends on the nature of terminal carbohydrate groups on the surface of PrPSc particles.	Carbohydrates	176-188	prion protein	Mus musculus	214-219
30054538-9	2018	To test whether the microglial response is mediated by carbohydrate epitopes on PrPSc surface, the levels of sialylation of PrPSc N-linked glycans was altered by treatment of purified PrPSc with neuraminidase.	Carbohydrates	55-67	prion protein	Mus musculus	80-85
30054538-13	2018	In addition, this work provides direct evidence that the chemical nature of the carbohydrate groups on PrPSc surface is important for microglial activation.	Carbohydrates	80-92	prion protein	Mus musculus	103-108
29422262-2	2018	A recent paper in Cell Reports has demonstrated that AMPK in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus modulates dietary preference for carbohydrate over fat.	Carbohydrates	142-154	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	53-57
32356523-2	2020	It has been demonstrated that the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of ERGIC-53 (ERGIC-53CRD) interacts with N-linked glycans on cargo glycoproteins, whereas MCFD2 recognizes polypeptide segments of cargo glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	34-46	lectin, mannose binding 1	Homo sapiens	75-83
29053903-1	2018	The carbohydrate-binding molecule galectin-3 has garnered significant attention recently as a biomarker for various conditions ranging from cardiac disease to obesity.	Carbohydrates	4-16	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	34-44
29621501-0	2018	An innovative immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of breast cancer specific carbohydrate (CA 15-3) in unprocessed human plasma and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lysates using gold nanospear electrochemically assembled onto thiolated graphene quantum dots.	Carbohydrates	82-94	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	96-103
32356523-2	2020	It has been demonstrated that the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of ERGIC-53 (ERGIC-53CRD) interacts with N-linked glycans on cargo glycoproteins, whereas MCFD2 recognizes polypeptide segments of cargo glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	34-46	lectin, mannose binding 1	Homo sapiens	85-96
32171073-1	2020	This study intends to investigate the inhibitory potential of different plant derived saccharides on cell migration and adhesion of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells to microvascular liver endothelium, particularly considering the role of transmembranous galectin-3.	Carbohydrates	86-97	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	267-277
29909968-4	2018	These results provide the first demonstration that foods high in fat and carbohydrate are, calorie for calorie, valued more than foods containing only fat or carbohydrate and that this effect is associated with greater recruitment of central reward circuits.	Carbohydrates	158-170	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	65-68
29751248-1	2018	Information about the effect of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) in forage on the postprandial glucose and insulin response in horses is scarce.	Carbohydrates	46-59	INS	Equus caballus	109-116
29207027-1	2018	Galectin-3 is a member of the galectin family, which are beta-galactoside-binding lectins with &gt;=1 evolutionary conserved carbohydrate-recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	125-137	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
31925928-9	2020	In sex-stratified analyses, quartile of carbohydrate intake was negatively associated with %BF (beta = -2.02 SE = 0.58; P &lt; .001) in girls only.	Carbohydrates	40-52	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	96-105
29373601-16	2018	A time effect was observed for the cell membrane sodium-dependent glucose transporter SLC5A1, for the major carbohydrate facilitated transporter SLC2A2, and water transport function AQP3, where SLC5A1 and AQP3 had a negative quadratic effect over time.	Carbohydrates	108-120	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Bos taurus	194-200
29307489-5	2018	Taken together, these data identify a leptin-mediated glucose-fatty acid cycle that integrates responses of the muscle, WAT, and liver to promote a shift from carbohydrate to fat oxidation and maintain glucose homeostasis during starvation.	Carbohydrates	159-171	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	38-44
29955035-1	2018	Heparanase is an endo-beta-glucuronidase that specifically cleaves the saccharide chains of heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans and releases HS-bound cytokines, chemokines, and bioactive growth-promoting factors.	Carbohydrates	71-81	glucuronidase beta	Homo sapiens	22-40
32081510-8	2020	To determine if MUC1 variants may be carriers of carbohydrate antigens, subcellular fractions from a cutaneous metastatic lesion were obtained, immunoprecipitated and analyzed by Western blot.	Carbohydrates	49-61	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	16-20
29958298-2	2018	Sweet taste receptor (T1R2/3) inhibitors have been used to reduce the insulin and glucose responses to oral carbohydrates in other species.	Carbohydrates	108-121	INS	Equus caballus	70-77
29958298-4	2018	It would be useful to be able to attenuate the large post-prandial insulin response that typically occurs when a carbohydrate-rich meal is fed to insulin-dysregulated horses.	Carbohydrates	113-125	INS	Equus caballus	67-74
29521054-3	2018	In rodent studies and in studies with isolated omental adipocytes, it was observed that anthocyanins regulated the carbohydrate metabolism in the body due to the upregulation of GLUT4 (insulinregulated glucose transporter) translocation, increased activation of PPARgamma (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma) in adipose tissue and skeletal muscles as well as increased secretion of adiponectin and leptin.	Carbohydrates	115-127	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Homo sapiens	178-183
32231096-4	2020	This species is likely to have adapted to efficiently degrade host-derived carbohydrate chains, such as human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and mucin O-glycans, which enabled the longitudinal colonization of intestines.	Carbohydrates	75-87	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	143-148
29593177-3	2018	AMPK is one of the most important metabolic regulators of carbohydrates and lipids in many types of tissues including cardiac and skeletal muscles.	Carbohydrates	58-71	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
29408556-4	2018	We have analysed the tumour-associated carbohydrate antigens sialyl-Lewis x (SLex) and sialyl-Tn (STn) on MUC1 and MUC5AC in PDAC tissues.	Carbohydrates	39-51	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	106-110
31974165-1	2020	The chronic effects of metformin on liver gluconeogenesis involve repression of the G6pc gene, which is regulated by the carbohydrate-response element-binding protein through raised cellular intermediates of glucose metabolism.	Carbohydrates	121-133	glucose-6-phosphatase, catalytic	Mus musculus	84-88
29606600-2	2018	EHEC strains can carry different numbers of phage-borne nanS-p alleles that are responsible for acetic acid release from mucin from bovine submaxillary gland and 5-N-acetyl-9-O-acetyl neuraminic acid (Neu5,9Ac2), a carbohydrate present in mucin.	Carbohydrates	215-227	N-acetylneuraminate synthase	Bos taurus	56-60
28885776-2	2018	It comprises capillary zone electrophoresis and capillary isoelectric focusing efforts that led to the exploration and use of assays for the determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin as a marker for excessive alcohol intake, genetic variants of transferrin, congenital disorders of glycosylation and beta-2-transferrin, which is a marker for cerebrospinal fluid leakage.	Carbohydrates	158-170	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	310-316
31912347-5	2020	Carbohydrate depletion of Suc2 N4 especially endowed the host strain with better ethanol fermentation performance from inulin when the strain was cultured under the higher temperature for 48 h, indicating that deglycosylation of N4 might improve the thermal stability of the Suc2.	Carbohydrates	0-12	beta-fructofuranosidase SUC2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	26-30
29090518-9	2018	The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of plasma lincRNA-ROR was 0.844 (sensitivity 80.0%, specificity 56.7%), which was higher than carcinoembryonic and carbohydrate antigen 15-3 values.	Carbohydrates	174-186	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA, regulator of reprogramming	Homo sapiens	69-80
29627732-11	2018	First one is the drought-dependent induction in sugar and protein transporters genes (SWEET and NRT1/PTR) in the roots of 110R to facilitate carbohydrate and nitrogen accumulation.	Carbohydrates	141-153	immunoglobulin superfamily member 9	Homo sapiens	96-100
29672051-5	2018	We present three neutron crystal structures of the C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-3: the ligand-free form and the complexes with the natural substrate lactose and with glycerol, which mimics important interactions made by lactose.	Carbohydrates	62-74	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	97-107
31912347-5	2020	Carbohydrate depletion of Suc2 N4 especially endowed the host strain with better ethanol fermentation performance from inulin when the strain was cultured under the higher temperature for 48 h, indicating that deglycosylation of N4 might improve the thermal stability of the Suc2.	Carbohydrates	0-12	beta-fructofuranosidase SUC2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	275-279
31912347-6	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Carbohydrate chains at N4, N45, N78 and N146 played an important role in modulating Suc2 activity and inulin catabolism of the S. cerevisiae strain.	Carbohydrates	13-25	beta-fructofuranosidase SUC2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	97-101
32103179-3	2020	The responsible enzymes-ALG3, ALG9, ALG12, ALG6, ALG8 and ALG10-are glycosyltransferases of the C-superfamily (GT-Cs), which are loosely defined as containing membrane-spanning helices and processing an isoprenoid-linked carbohydrate donor substrate3,4.	Carbohydrates	221-233	dolichyl-P-Man:Man(5)GlcNAc(2)-PP-dolichol alpha-1,3-mannosyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	24-28
30034596-4	2018	Furthermore, this structure is compared to the aforementioned sweetener/carbohydrate structural studies in order to determine active site properties of CA IX that promote selective binding.	Carbohydrates	72-84	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	152-157
32103179-3	2020	The responsible enzymes-ALG3, ALG9, ALG12, ALG6, ALG8 and ALG10-are glycosyltransferases of the C-superfamily (GT-Cs), which are loosely defined as containing membrane-spanning helices and processing an isoprenoid-linked carbohydrate donor substrate3,4.	Carbohydrates	221-233	dolichyl-P-Man:Man(6)GlcNAc(2)-PP-dolichol alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	30-34
32103179-3	2020	The responsible enzymes-ALG3, ALG9, ALG12, ALG6, ALG8 and ALG10-are glycosyltransferases of the C-superfamily (GT-Cs), which are loosely defined as containing membrane-spanning helices and processing an isoprenoid-linked carbohydrate donor substrate3,4.	Carbohydrates	221-233	dolichyl-P-Glc:Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-PP-dolichol alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	43-47
31823020-6	2020	These data help explain the pleiotropic functions of AMP1 in both root and shoot system development, possibly acting in a sugar-dependent manner for regulation of root architecture, biomass accumulation, and seed production.	Carbohydrates	122-127	Peptidase M28 family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	53-57
29232314-7	2018	Total carbohydrate oxidation rates were not significantly different during bout 1 or 2 between trials, although total carbohydrate oxidized in bout 2 was significantly greater with FRU + MAL (223 +- 66 vs 157 +- 26 g, P = 0.02).	Carbohydrates	118-130	zinc finger and BTB domain containing 22	Homo sapiens	181-184
29232314-8	2018	Ingested carbohydrate oxidation rates were greater during bout 2 with FRU + MAL (P = 0.001).	Carbohydrates	9-21	zinc finger and BTB domain containing 22	Homo sapiens	70-73
32018318-15	2020	By binding of the CA to the farnesoid X-nuclear receptor [FXR] and the membranous G-protein-coupled CA receptor-1 [GPBAR1, TGR5], mannifold effects within the fat and carbohydrate metabolism are induced.	Carbohydrates	167-179	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4	Homo sapiens	28-56
29524730-7	2018	The CCH-P10 and FLH-P10 antisera, exhibited cross-reactivity with murine and human melanoma cells, like anti-CCH and anti-FLH sera suggesting a cross-reaction of CCH and FLH glycosylations with carbohydrate epitopes on the tumor cell surfaces, similar to the KLH antisera.	Carbohydrates	194-206	S100 calcium binding protein A10 (calpactin)	Mus musculus	8-11
29524730-7	2018	The CCH-P10 and FLH-P10 antisera, exhibited cross-reactivity with murine and human melanoma cells, like anti-CCH and anti-FLH sera suggesting a cross-reaction of CCH and FLH glycosylations with carbohydrate epitopes on the tumor cell surfaces, similar to the KLH antisera.	Carbohydrates	194-206	notochord homeobox	Mus musculus	16-19
29524730-7	2018	The CCH-P10 and FLH-P10 antisera, exhibited cross-reactivity with murine and human melanoma cells, like anti-CCH and anti-FLH sera suggesting a cross-reaction of CCH and FLH glycosylations with carbohydrate epitopes on the tumor cell surfaces, similar to the KLH antisera.	Carbohydrates	194-206	S100 calcium binding protein A10 (calpactin)	Mus musculus	20-23
29524730-9	2018	These data demonstrate that CCH and FLH are useful carriers of carbohydrate mimotopes; however, the best antitumor activity of FLH preparations, indicate that is a suitable candidate for further cancer vaccines research.	Carbohydrates	63-75	notochord homeobox	Mus musculus	36-39
31995359-0	2020	Different Anomeric Sugar Bound States of MBP Resolved by a Cytolysin A Nanopore Tweezer.	Carbohydrates	19-24	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	41-44
29617298-0	2018	Lectin-Binding Specificity of the Fertilization-Relevant Protein PDC-109 by Means of Surface Plasmon Resonance and Carbohydrate REcognition Domain EXcision-Mass Spectrometry.	Carbohydrates	115-127	seminal plasma protein PDC-109	Bos taurus	65-72
29617298-4	2018	By means of surface plasmon resonance, the interaction of PDC-109 with a panel of the most relevant glycosidic epitopes of mammals has been qualitatively and quantitatively characterized, and a higher affinity for carbohydrates containing fucose has been observed, in line with previous studies.	Carbohydrates	214-227	seminal plasma protein PDC-109	Bos taurus	58-65
29617298-5	2018	Additionally, using the orthogonal technique of Carbohydrate REcognition Domain EXcision-Mass Spectrometry (CREDEX-MS), the recognition domain of the interaction complexes between PDC-109 and all fucosylated disaccharides [(Fuc-&amp;alpha;1,(3,4,6)-GlcNAc)] has been defined, revealing the specific glycotope and the peptide domain likely to act as the PDC-109 carbohydrate binding site.	Carbohydrates	48-60	seminal plasma protein PDC-109	Bos taurus	180-187
31995359-4	2020	Our analysis reveal that these three states represented MBP bound to different isomers of reducing sugars.	Carbohydrates	99-105	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	56-59
29617298-5	2018	Additionally, using the orthogonal technique of Carbohydrate REcognition Domain EXcision-Mass Spectrometry (CREDEX-MS), the recognition domain of the interaction complexes between PDC-109 and all fucosylated disaccharides [(Fuc-&amp;alpha;1,(3,4,6)-GlcNAc)] has been defined, revealing the specific glycotope and the peptide domain likely to act as the PDC-109 carbohydrate binding site.	Carbohydrates	361-373	seminal plasma protein PDC-109	Bos taurus	180-187
32024885-3	2020	The saccharopine pathway intermediates and phosphorylated sugars are abundant when cellular expressions of DHTKD1 and OGDH are comparable, while nicotinate and non-phosphorylated sugars are when DHTKD1 expression is order(s) of magnitude lower than that of OGDH.	Carbohydrates	58-64	oxoglutarate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	118-122
29610515-8	2018	High daily carbohydrate intake (POR 1.56, 95% CI 1.02, 2.40), obesity (POR 2.04, 95% CI 1.44, 2.89), feeling depressed (POR 1.84, 95% CI 1.21, 2.80), older age (POR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01, 1.02), and female sex (POR 1.68, 95% CI 1.28, 2.21) were positively correlated with chronic diarrhea.	Carbohydrates	11-23	ADP ribosylation factor interacting protein 2	Homo sapiens	32-37
31998689-1	2019	Galectin-1 (G1) and galectin-3 (G3) are carbohydrate-binding proteins that can signal apoptosis in T cells.	Carbohydrates	40-52	BAG cochaperone 6	Homo sapiens	20-34
29315388-2	2018	Structure-function association of galectin-3 reveals that it consists of a short amino terminal motif, which regulates its nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling; a collagen alpha-like domain, susceptible to cleavage by matrix metalloproteases and prostate specific antigen; accountable for its oligomerization and lattice formation, and a carbohydrate-recognition/binding domain containing the anti-death motif of the Bcl2 protein family.	Carbohydrates	331-343	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	34-44
29315388-3	2018	This structural complexity permits galectin-3 to associate with numerous molecules utilizing protein-protein and/or protein-carbohydrate interactions in the extra-cellular as well as intracellular milieu and regulate diverse signaling pathways, a number of which appear directed towards epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stemness.	Carbohydrates	124-136	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	35-45
32306360-0	2020	FAM3B/PANDER-Like Carbohydrate-Binding Domain in a Glycosyltransferase, POMGNT1.	Carbohydrates	18-30	FAM3 metabolism regulating signaling molecule B	Homo sapiens	0-5
29198976-0	2018	Ligand-free method to produce the anti-angiogenic recombinant Galectin-3 carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	73-85	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	62-72
32306360-0	2020	FAM3B/PANDER-Like Carbohydrate-Binding Domain in a Glycosyltransferase, POMGNT1.	Carbohydrates	18-30	FAM3 metabolism regulating signaling molecule B	Homo sapiens	6-12
29272097-8	2018	With the combination of site-directed mutagenesis and X-ray structural analysis of the langerin/GlcNS6S complex, we highlighted that 6-sulfation of the carbohydrate ligand induced langerin specificity.	Carbohydrates	152-164	CD207 molecule	Homo sapiens	87-95
31842510-5	2019	We searched for non-carbohydrate ligands for galectin-3 that can guide a cytotoxic drug to the cancer cells by maintaining its affinity for tumor associated carbohydrate antigens.	Carbohydrates	20-32	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	45-55
29272097-8	2018	With the combination of site-directed mutagenesis and X-ray structural analysis of the langerin/GlcNS6S complex, we highlighted that 6-sulfation of the carbohydrate ligand induced langerin specificity.	Carbohydrates	152-164	CD207 molecule	Homo sapiens	180-188
29540729-4	2018	Here, we report that TRIP13, which is overexpressed in CRC, is correlated with the CEA (carcino-embryonic antigen), CA19-9 (carbohydrate antigen 19-9) and pTNM (pathologic primary tumor, lymph nodes, distant metastasis) classification.	Carbohydrates	124-136	thyroid hormone receptor interactor 13	Homo sapiens	21-27
31842510-5	2019	We searched for non-carbohydrate ligands for galectin-3 that can guide a cytotoxic drug to the cancer cells by maintaining its affinity for tumor associated carbohydrate antigens.	Carbohydrates	157-169	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	45-55
31842510-10	2019	This suggests that gold(III) porphyrin might significantly enhance its concentration and delivery to cancer cells by binding to human galectin-3 that keeps its orientation towards tumor associated carbohydrate antigens.	Carbohydrates	197-209	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	134-144
31563317-16	2019	Across the 4 databases, GWA signals for RFI were highly enriched in the biosynthesis and metabolism of amino acids and proteins, digestion and metabolism of carbohydrates, skeletal development, mitochondrial electron transport, immunity, rumen bacteria activities, and sperm motility.	Carbohydrates	157-170	RFI	Bos taurus	40-43
29269890-20	2018	Further research is needed to understand the true effect of dietary carbohydrate restriction on HbA1c independent of medication reduction and to address known issues with adherence to this dietary intervention.	Carbohydrates	68-80	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	96-100
31704652-1	2019	The HIV-1 envelope (Env) surface is shrouded with an assortment of oligomannose-, hybrid-, and complex-type glycans that enable virus interaction with carbohydrate-recognizing lectins.	Carbohydrates	151-163	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	10-18
31938260-5	2018	In the past, regulatory roles of leptin on sugar and lipid metabolism have been extensively studied.	Carbohydrates	43-48	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	33-39
29193585-10	2018	Because the ancestor bound carbohydrate with equal affinity to that of beta2-CBM, it is concluded that residue 134 plays an indirect role in carbohydrate binding.	Carbohydrates	141-153	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	71-76
31704652-1	2019	The HIV-1 envelope (Env) surface is shrouded with an assortment of oligomannose-, hybrid-, and complex-type glycans that enable virus interaction with carbohydrate-recognizing lectins.	Carbohydrates	151-163	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	20-23
31938173-2	2018	Galectin-3 (gal-3) is a carbohydrate-binding protein involved in cancer progression and metastasis, including prostate tissues.	Carbohydrates	24-36	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
31938173-2	2018	Galectin-3 (gal-3) is a carbohydrate-binding protein involved in cancer progression and metastasis, including prostate tissues.	Carbohydrates	24-36	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	12-17
31553164-1	2019	Sweet taste receptor, a heterodimer belonging to the class C G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family and composed of the T1R2 and T1R3 subunits, is responsible for the perception of natural sugars, sweet proteins, various d-amino acids, as well as artificial sweeteners.	Carbohydrates	191-197	taste 1 receptor member 3	Homo sapiens	131-135
31504498-0	2019	Bioinformatics analysis of diversity in bacterial glycan chain-termination chemistry and organization of carbohydrate binding modules linked to ABC transporters.	Carbohydrates	105-117	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group)	Homo sapiens	144-147
29345346-0	2018	Galectin-3 type-C self-association on neutrophil surfaces; The carbohydrate recognition domain regulates cell function.	Carbohydrates	63-75	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
29345346-1	2018	Galectin-3 is an endogenous beta-galactoside-binding lectin comprising a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) linked to a collagen-like N-domain.	Carbohydrates	73-85	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
31588864-3	2019	A high-carbohydrate challenge causes an upregulation of a negative ANP regulator microRNA-425 (miR-425) which reduces atrial-NP (ANP) levels in whites.	Carbohydrates	7-19	microRNA 425	Homo sapiens	81-93
29385050-3	2018	Previously, it was reported that male Scly-/- mice develop increased body weight and body fat composition, and altered lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, compared to wild type mice.	Carbohydrates	129-141	selenocysteine lyase	Mus musculus	38-42
29594363-1	2017	The authors report on an electrochemical immunosensor for the tumor marker carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA15-3).	Carbohydrates	75-87	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	102-108
31588864-3	2019	A high-carbohydrate challenge causes an upregulation of a negative ANP regulator microRNA-425 (miR-425) which reduces atrial-NP (ANP) levels in whites.	Carbohydrates	7-19	microRNA 425	Homo sapiens	95-102
29404215-2	2018	Circulating concentrations of the incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) correlate with an increased insulin response to carbohydrate intake in animals with EMS.	Carbohydrates	132-144	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	77-82
31703648-17	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Pre-operative carbohydrate load increases proliferation and PR-negativity in ER-positive patients and worsens clinical outcome in ER-positive T2 patients.	Carbohydrates	27-39	progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens	73-75
29404215-2	2018	Circulating concentrations of the incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) correlate with an increased insulin response to carbohydrate intake in animals with EMS.	Carbohydrates	132-144	INS	Equus caballus	112-119
31732109-14	2019	Decreased insulin concentrations in response to oral sugar and increased HMW adiponectin concentrations indicate positive effects of pioglitazone for treatment of metabolic derangements in equine metabolic syndrome, which warrant future clinical study.	Carbohydrates	53-58	INS	Equus caballus	10-17
29373511-3	2018	Gal-3 recognizes poly-N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc)-based carbohydrate motifs of glycoproteins and glycolipids with a high specificity for internal LacNAc epitopes.	Carbohydrates	57-69	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-5
29387815-8	2017	In summary, intervention with a PACER diet (high protein, high fat and moderately low carbohydrate, lacto-vegetarian diet) showed significant improvement in weight loss, body composition and cardio-metabolic profile as compared to a standard vegetarian diet among obese Asian Indians in north India.	Carbohydrates	86-98	PTGS2 antisense NFKB1 complex-mediated expression regulator RNA	Homo sapiens	32-37
30023556-0	2017	Generation of Novel Anti-MUC1 Monoclonal Antibodies with Designed Carbohydrate Specificities Using MUC1 Glycopeptide Library.	Carbohydrates	66-78	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	25-29
30023556-0	2017	Generation of Novel Anti-MUC1 Monoclonal Antibodies with Designed Carbohydrate Specificities Using MUC1 Glycopeptide Library.	Carbohydrates	66-78	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	99-103
30023556-3	2017	In this study, using an MUC1 glycopeptide library, we established two novel anti-MUC1 monoclonal antibodies (1B2 and 12D10) with designed carbohydrate specificities.	Carbohydrates	138-150	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	24-28
30023556-3	2017	In this study, using an MUC1 glycopeptide library, we established two novel anti-MUC1 monoclonal antibodies (1B2 and 12D10) with designed carbohydrate specificities.	Carbohydrates	138-150	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	81-85
31673804-7	2019	S1 and its SLH domains bound tightly to the peptide-glycan layer of P. curdlanolyticus B-6, microcrystalline cellulose, and insoluble xylan, indicating that the SLHs of S1 bind to carbohydrate polymers and the cell surface.	Carbohydrates	180-192	retinoschisin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-2
28973299-4	2017	Here, we use 15N-1H heteronuclear single quantum coherence NMR spectroscopy to demonstrate that multiple sites on RG-I-4 provide epitopes for binding to three sites on 15N-labeled Gal-3, two within its carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) and one at a novel site within the NT encompassing the first 40 residues that are highly conserved among all species of Gal-3.	Carbohydrates	202-214	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	180-185
29020627-6	2017	This blunted response was due to decreased Fgf21 promoter accessibility and diminished ChREBP binding onto Fgf21 carbohydrate-responsive element (ChoRE) in hepatocytes lacking PPARalpha.	Carbohydrates	113-125	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	107-112
29710045-6	2018	Naphthoquinones exert their antidiabetic effects through various mechanisms such as the inhibition of alpha-glucosidase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, increased glucose uptake in myocytes and adipocytes via glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) and GLUT2 translocations, enhanced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligand activity, and by normalizing carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes in the liver.	Carbohydrates	380-392	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Homo sapiens	213-239
28946204-8	2017	Other bacteria could scavenge anabolic products (carbohydrate and protein) presumably derived from detrital biomass produced by the HPr-degrading community.	Carbohydrates	49-61	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	132-135
31673804-7	2019	S1 and its SLH domains bound tightly to the peptide-glycan layer of P. curdlanolyticus B-6, microcrystalline cellulose, and insoluble xylan, indicating that the SLHs of S1 bind to carbohydrate polymers and the cell surface.	Carbohydrates	180-192	retinoschisin 1	Rattus norvegicus	169-171
31673045-0	2019	Hepatic Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 deficiency-mediated activation of mTORC1- PGC-1alpha axis regulates ER stress during high-carbohydrate feeding.	Carbohydrates	124-136	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	68-74
28927270-0	2017	Proteomic Analysis of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells after a High-Fat, High-Carbohydrate Meal with Orange Juice.	Carbohydrates	80-92	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	70-73
28715655-4	2017	The naive macrophage (Mphi) exosomes can utilize, 1) on the one hand, the integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and, 2) on the other hand, the carbohydrate-binding C-type lectin receptors, to interact with brain microvessel endothelial cells comprising the BBB.	Carbohydrates	211-223	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	125-130
31673045-0	2019	Hepatic Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 deficiency-mediated activation of mTORC1- PGC-1alpha axis regulates ER stress during high-carbohydrate feeding.	Carbohydrates	124-136	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	76-86
28938440-1	2017	Consumption of a low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet induces a striking increase in circulating fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21), which is associated with improved cardiometabolic health and increased longevity.	Carbohydrates	35-47	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	96-123
28938440-1	2017	Consumption of a low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet induces a striking increase in circulating fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21), which is associated with improved cardiometabolic health and increased longevity.	Carbohydrates	35-47	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	125-130
31391273-10	2019	We discover that Crumbs 3, which determines cellular polarity also influences the distribution of certain carbohydrate attachment factors on the cell surface.	Carbohydrates	106-118	crumbs cell polarity complex component 3	Homo sapiens	17-25
28948896-4	2017	Most anaesthetic drugs used in laboratory animals affect carbohydrate metabolism by the inhibition of insulin release.	Carbohydrates	57-69	insulin	Sus scrofa	102-109
28689602-5	2017	RESULTS: Malva nut polysaccharide (41.71+-0.64%) having 36.58+-0.51% total sugar content was isolated, with further analysis quantifying ash, carbohydrate, reducing sugar and moisture contents to be 6.05+-0.00, 40.06+-1.00, 12.20+-0.05 and 12.64+-0.31%, respectively.	Carbohydrates	142-154	NUT midline carcinoma family member 1	Homo sapiens	15-18
31604945-3	2019	The structure of the yeast GDP-mannose transporter, Vrg4, revealed a requirement for short chain lipids and a marked difference in transport rate between the nucleotide sugar and nucleoside monophosphate, suggesting a complex network of regulatory elements control transport into these organelles.	Carbohydrates	169-174	GDP-mannose transporter	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	52-56
28731466-7	2017	This effect requires both the galectin-3 C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain and its N-terminal ligand multi-merization domain.	Carbohydrates	52-64	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	30-40
28666720-12	2017	CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our immunofluorescence findings as well as immunoprecipitation analyses of Chinese hamster ovary cell transfectants strongly suggest that MUC1 is a potential scaffold protein for sLeX carbohydrates in MPUC.	Carbohydrates	206-219	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mucin-1	Cricetulus griseus	160-164
31693469-9	2019	Rats fed with the high-fructose high-fat or high-cholesterol diets demonstrated consistent changes in the expression of the Crot, Prom1, and RGD1305464 genes, which reflected a coordinated shift in the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms.	Carbohydrates	226-238	carnitine O-octanoyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	124-128
28914437-6	2017	The activities of key enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism such as hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, glucose-6- phosphatase, fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase were assayed by standard methods described in the methodology.	Carbohydrates	33-45	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	148-181
28762578-8	2017	Based on these findings, we propose carbohydrate to be the unique pathogen-recognition feature for PR1 proteins and beta-glucanase activity via beta-glucan binding or modification.	Carbohydrates	36-48	pathogenesis-related protein 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	99-102
28928674-1	2017	Cerebral non-oxidative carbohydrate consumption may be driven by a beta2-adrenergic mechanism.	Carbohydrates	23-35	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	67-72
31228801-2	2019	This study evaluated the effects of water-soluble proteins of Korean pine nut obtained from a dilute alkali extract on carbohydrate metabolism of type 2 diabetic mice on a model of diabetes induced using a high fat diet combined with streptozotocin.	Carbohydrates	119-131	NUT midline carcinoma family member 1	Homo sapiens	74-77
28747486-6	2017	These changes were associated with a 650% higher secretion of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) 2 h after refeeding.Conclusions: The consequences of hepatic AMPK deletion depend on the dietary carbohydrate-to-protein ratio.	Carbohydrates	195-207	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	62-89
28747486-6	2017	These changes were associated with a 650% higher secretion of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) 2 h after refeeding.Conclusions: The consequences of hepatic AMPK deletion depend on the dietary carbohydrate-to-protein ratio.	Carbohydrates	195-207	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	91-96
28552460-0	2017	Ghrelin enhances food intake and carbohydrate oxidation in a nitric oxide dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	33-45	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	0-7
28552460-8	2017	These findings suggest that ghrelin enhancement of food intake and carbohydrate oxidation in the rat ArcN and PVN is NO-dependent.	Carbohydrates	67-79	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	28-35
30963238-9	2019	Further, TPS5 knockout reduced the amounts of trehalose and other soluble carbohydrates as well as nitrate reductase (NR) activity.	Carbohydrates	74-87	trehalose phosphatase/synthase 5	Arabidopsis thaliana	9-13
29108266-5	2017	Following RNase A treatment, we detected an upregulation of carbohydrate metabolism, inositol phosphate cascade and oxidative phosphorylation, re-arrangement of cell adhesion, cell cycle control, apoptosis, and transcription.	Carbohydrates	60-72	ribonuclease, RNase A family, 1 (pancreatic)	Mus musculus	10-17
31275257-2	2019	In recent years, a dozen carbohydrate-active enzymes from cultivated mucin degraders have been characterized.	Carbohydrates	25-37	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	69-74
20301360-18	1993	CTLN2: Liver transplantation prevents hyperammonemic crises, corrects metabolic disturbances, and eliminates preferences for protein-rich foods; arginine administration decreases blood ammonia concentration and reduced calorie/carbohydrate intake; increased protein intake lessens hypertriglyceridemia.	Carbohydrates	227-239	solute carrier family 25 member 13	Homo sapiens	0-5
27866376-2	2017	This reaction occurs when carbohydrate-rich foods are heated at temperatures above 120  C. Multiple potato varieties were transformed with potato genomic DNA that results in down-regulation of the expression of the asparagine synthetase-1 gene (Asn1), significantly reducing synthesis of free Asn, and consequently lowering the potential to form acrylamide during cooking.	Carbohydrates	26-38	asparagine synthetase [glutamine-hydrolyzing]	Solanum tuberosum	215-238
27866376-2	2017	This reaction occurs when carbohydrate-rich foods are heated at temperatures above 120  C. Multiple potato varieties were transformed with potato genomic DNA that results in down-regulation of the expression of the asparagine synthetase-1 gene (Asn1), significantly reducing synthesis of free Asn, and consequently lowering the potential to form acrylamide during cooking.	Carbohydrates	26-38	asparagine synthetase [glutamine-hydrolyzing]	Solanum tuberosum	245-249
28701735-0	2017	Quantitative proteomics reveal the anti-tumour mechanism of the carbohydrate recognition domain of Galectin-3 in Hepatocellular carcinoma.	Carbohydrates	64-76	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	99-109
28701735-2	2017	The carbohydrate recognition domain of Galectin-3 (Gal3C) has been reported to be an anti-tumour molecule.	Carbohydrates	4-16	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	39-49
30735436-8	2019	In plasma, when protein was decreased, insulin-like growth factor-1 decreased and FGF21 increased and plasma FGF21 was best described by using a combination of dietary protein level, protein-to-carbohydrate ratio, and protein-to-methionine ratio in the diet.	Carbohydrates	194-206	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	109-114
28378189-4	2017	Cleavage of galectin-3 by MMPs, PSA, and proteases from parasites generated intact carbohydrate-recognition domain and N-terminal peptides of varying lengths that retained lectin binding activity but lost multivalence.	Carbohydrates	83-95	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	12-22
28796827-9	2017	Ghrelin increased adiposity and promoted carbohydrate over fat metabolism, but did not alter total body protein, muscle strength nor muscle morphology.	Carbohydrates	41-53	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	0-7
30735436-10	2019	In this process, FGF21 is probably an important signal that responds to a complex combination of protein restriction, protein quality, and carbohydrate content of the diet.	Carbohydrates	139-151	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	17-22
28570925-1	2017	AIMS: The purpose of this secondary analysis of the StenoABC Study was to identify determinants of the changes in HbA1c observed after training of people with type 1 diabetes in advanced carbohydrate counting (ACC) and automated bolus calculator (ABC) use, and further to investigate psychosocial effects of these insulin dosing approaches.	Carbohydrates	187-199	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	114-118
31057674-12	2019	Moreover, OR4D2 and OR2Y1 gene methylation patterns strongly correlated with daily intakes of total energy (p &lt; 0.0001), carbohydrates (p &lt; 0.0001), protein (p &lt; 0.0001), and fat (p &lt; 0.0001).	Carbohydrates	124-137	olfactory receptor family 4 subfamily D member 2	Homo sapiens	10-15
28576849-5	2017	Gal-1 and Gal-3 bind in a dose- and carbohydrate-dependent manner to mesenchymal RPE cells and inhibit cellular processes like attachment and spreading.	Carbohydrates	36-48	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	10-15
27684496-3	2017	HHEX and PROX1 play significant roles in carbohydrate intolerance and diabetes because these transcription factors may be involved in the regulation of insulin secretion and in glucose and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	41-53	hematopoietically expressed homeobox	Homo sapiens	0-4
27684496-3	2017	HHEX and PROX1 play significant roles in carbohydrate intolerance and diabetes because these transcription factors may be involved in the regulation of insulin secretion and in glucose and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	41-53	prospero homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	9-14
28267232-0	2017	DCL2- and RDR6-dependent transitive silencing of SMXL4 and SMXL5 in Arabidopsis dcl4 mutants causes defective phloem transport and carbohydrate over-accumulation.	Carbohydrates	131-143	Clp amino terminal domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	59-64
31057674-12	2019	Moreover, OR4D2 and OR2Y1 gene methylation patterns strongly correlated with daily intakes of total energy (p &lt; 0.0001), carbohydrates (p &lt; 0.0001), protein (p &lt; 0.0001), and fat (p &lt; 0.0001).	Carbohydrates	124-137	olfactory receptor family 2 subfamily Y member 1	Homo sapiens	20-25
30990143-3	2019	Ghrelin is involved in control of appetite and energy balance, regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cell proliferation and apoptosis, as well as modulation of functioning of gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, pulmonary and immune systems.	Carbohydrates	77-89	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	0-7
29088722-7	2017	We moreover propose a multi-factorial mechanism that involves profound alterations in bile acid homeostasis, changes in intestinal and systemic glucose metabolism likely including increased intestinal gluconeogenesis, increased activity of the intestinally derived hormone GLP-1 contributing to promote systemic insulin sensitivity, and inhibition of alpha-amylase activity, which expectably limits dietary carbohydrate digestion and glucose release.	Carbohydrates	407-419	glucagon	Mus musculus	273-278
28104787-1	2017	Galectin-3 modulates cell adhesion and signaling events by specific binding and cross-linking galactoside containing carbohydrate ligands.	Carbohydrates	117-129	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
28765651-8	2017	Thus, our study showed that CD14 is critical for ArtinM-induced macrophage activation, providing fundamental insight into the design of anti-infective therapies based on carbohydrate recognition.	Carbohydrates	170-182	CD14 antigen	Mus musculus	28-32
28498332-5	2017	In addition, topological polar surface area (TPSA) value-based predictions highlighted the selectivity of these carbohydrate-based inhibitors for membrane-associated CA IX.	Carbohydrates	112-124	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	166-171
30614551-8	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Increases in GLP-1 with low carbohydrate feeding and reductions in the ratio of ghrelin to GLP-1 might limit food intake and improve glycaemic control in PWS.	Carbohydrates	41-53	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	26-31
28356190-8	2017	The beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase reaction was successively followed by the electrophoretic mobility of APTS oligosaccharides and stopped for 10min when saccharide derivatives were achieved in the enzyme plug.	Carbohydrates	112-122	O-GlcNAcase	Homo sapiens	4-31
28104787-2	2017	Proteolytic cleavage by metalloproteinases yields in vivo N-terminally truncated galectin-3 still bearing the carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	110-122	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	81-91
28104787-3	2017	Truncated galectin-3 has been demonstrated to act in vivo as a negative inhibitor of galectin-3 due to higher affinity for carbohydrate ligands.	Carbohydrates	123-135	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	10-20
30721868-9	2019	Correspondingly, expression of the genes related to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in liver and intestine was affected by boscalid, especially in the significant upregulation of G6Pase and pparalpha and downregulation of SGLT-1 and AMY.	Carbohydrates	52-64	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Danio rerio	224-230
28104787-3	2017	Truncated galectin-3 has been demonstrated to act in vivo as a negative inhibitor of galectin-3 due to higher affinity for carbohydrate ligands.	Carbohydrates	123-135	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	85-95
28298521-2	2017	In this study, we examined the potential role of macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) for host defense against Pneumocystis Binding assays implementing soluble Mincle carbohydrate recognition domain fusion proteins demonstrated binding to intact Pneumocystis carinii as well as to organism homogenates, and they purified major surface glycoprotein/glycoprotein A derived from the organism.	Carbohydrates	174-186	C-type lectin domain family 4, member e	Mus musculus	85-91
28515832-1	2017	Dietary supplements are widely used to enhance sport performance and the combination of carbohydrate and caffeine (CHO+CAF) has yielded particularly high performance gains.	Carbohydrates	88-100	lysine acetyltransferase 2B	Homo sapiens	119-122
30353291-2	2019	In-electrospray ionization (ESI) hydrogen/deuterium exchange-mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) is a promising technique for studying carbohydrate conformations since rapidly exchanging functional groups, e.g., hydroxyls, can be labeled on the timeframe of ESI.	Carbohydrates	126-138	highly divergent homeobox	Homo sapiens	80-83
27690717-6	2017	Our results suggest that N-glycosylation of beta2 subunits plays crucial roles in imparting functional heterogeneity of BK channels, and is potentially involved in the pathological phenotypes of carbohydrate metabolic diseases.	Carbohydrates	195-207	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	44-49
28298521-2	2017	In this study, we examined the potential role of macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) for host defense against Pneumocystis Binding assays implementing soluble Mincle carbohydrate recognition domain fusion proteins demonstrated binding to intact Pneumocystis carinii as well as to organism homogenates, and they purified major surface glycoprotein/glycoprotein A derived from the organism.	Carbohydrates	174-186	C-type lectin domain family 4, member e	Mus musculus	167-173
30353291-3	2019	However, regular application of in-ESI HDX to characterize carbohydrates requires further analysis of the in-ESI HDX methodology.	Carbohydrates	59-72	highly divergent homeobox	Homo sapiens	39-42
28393204-6	2017	The IR expression level was significantly higher in murine subcutaneous flank tumors of the low-carbohydrate diet group and high-carbohydrate diet plus metformin group than of the high-carbohydrate diet group.	Carbohydrates	96-108	insulin receptor	Mus musculus	4-6
28393204-6	2017	The IR expression level was significantly higher in murine subcutaneous flank tumors of the low-carbohydrate diet group and high-carbohydrate diet plus metformin group than of the high-carbohydrate diet group.	Carbohydrates	129-141	insulin receptor	Mus musculus	4-6
28065847-7	2017	Our results revealed that both up- and down-regulation of Gdap1 results in an early systemic inactivation of the insulin pathway before the onset of neuromuscular degeneration, followed by an accumulation of carbohydrates and an increase in the beta-oxidation of lipids.	Carbohydrates	208-221	Gdap1	Drosophila melanogaster	58-63
28393204-6	2017	The IR expression level was significantly higher in murine subcutaneous flank tumors of the low-carbohydrate diet group and high-carbohydrate diet plus metformin group than of the high-carbohydrate diet group.	Carbohydrates	129-141	insulin receptor	Mus musculus	4-6
30353291-6	2019	Herein, we differentiate in-ESI HDX of metal-adducted carbohydrates from gas-phase HDX and illustrate that this method analyzes solvated species.	Carbohydrates	54-67	highly divergent homeobox	Homo sapiens	32-35
30353291-10	2019	In total, this work illustrates how the fundamental processes of ESI alter the magnitude of HDX for carbohydrates and suggest parameters that should be considered and/or optimized prior to performing experiments with this in-ESI HDX technique.	Carbohydrates	100-113	highly divergent homeobox	Homo sapiens	92-95
30353291-10	2019	In total, this work illustrates how the fundamental processes of ESI alter the magnitude of HDX for carbohydrates and suggest parameters that should be considered and/or optimized prior to performing experiments with this in-ESI HDX technique.	Carbohydrates	100-113	highly divergent homeobox	Homo sapiens	229-232
28357081-2	2017	The lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 3 (LGALS3) gene, encodes a member of the galectin family of carbohydrate binding proteins, and is one of the best examples of a non-human leukocyte antigen gene associated with a risk for RA in various populations.	Carbohydrates	102-114	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	4-43
30499163-0	2019	Novel Dextran-Supported Biological Probes Decorated with Disaccharide Entities for Investigating the Carbohydrate-Protein Interactions of Gal-3.	Carbohydrates	101-113	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	138-143
28357081-2	2017	The lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 3 (LGALS3) gene, encodes a member of the galectin family of carbohydrate binding proteins, and is one of the best examples of a non-human leukocyte antigen gene associated with a risk for RA in various populations.	Carbohydrates	102-114	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	45-51
27773655-11	2017	GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: Elucidation of the structural-functional relevance of the domains in pro-LPH is crucial in unravelling and understanding the molecular basis of carbohydrate malabsorption disorders that are associated with lactase deficiency or lactase malfunction.	Carbohydrates	166-178	lactase	Homo sapiens	95-98
28386256-5	2017	HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein 120 (gp120) is extensively covered by carbohydrates playing active roles in life cycle of the virus.	Carbohydrates	66-79	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	15-31
28386256-5	2017	HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein 120 (gp120) is extensively covered by carbohydrates playing active roles in life cycle of the virus.	Carbohydrates	66-79	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	33-38
28469746-0	2017	Low-Carbohydrate-High-Fat Diet: Can it Help Exercise Performance?	Carbohydrates	4-16	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	22-25
30412832-3	2019	O-GlcNAcase (OGA) catalyzes the removal of O-GlcNAc from the modified proteins and several carbohydrate-based OGA inhibitors have been synthesized to understand the role of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins in physiological and pathological conditions.	Carbohydrates	91-103	O-GlcNAcase	Homo sapiens	0-11
27939933-0	2017	Investigating carbohydrate based ligands for galectin-3 with docking and molecular dynamics studies.	Carbohydrates	14-26	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	45-55
27841752-1	2016	Galectin-3 is an important protein in molecular signalling events involving carbohydrate recognition, and an understanding of the hydrogen-bonding patterns in the carbohydrate-binding site of its C-terminal domain (galectin-3C) is important for the development of new potent inhibitors.	Carbohydrates	76-88	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
27841752-1	2016	Galectin-3 is an important protein in molecular signalling events involving carbohydrate recognition, and an understanding of the hydrogen-bonding patterns in the carbohydrate-binding site of its C-terminal domain (galectin-3C) is important for the development of new potent inhibitors.	Carbohydrates	163-175	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
30412832-3	2019	O-GlcNAcase (OGA) catalyzes the removal of O-GlcNAc from the modified proteins and several carbohydrate-based OGA inhibitors have been synthesized to understand the role of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins in physiological and pathological conditions.	Carbohydrates	91-103	O-GlcNAcase	Homo sapiens	13-16
30412832-3	2019	O-GlcNAcase (OGA) catalyzes the removal of O-GlcNAc from the modified proteins and several carbohydrate-based OGA inhibitors have been synthesized to understand the role of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins in physiological and pathological conditions.	Carbohydrates	91-103	O-GlcNAcase	Homo sapiens	110-113
27815223-2	2017	This is highlighted by the recent finding that mice devoid of ACBP suffer from a compromised epidermal barrier and delayed weaning, the physiological process where newborns transit from a fat-based milk diet to a carbohydrate-rich diet.	Carbohydrates	213-225	diazepam binding inhibitor	Mus musculus	62-66
30336120-4	2019	Results indicated that acylated ghrelin induced a robust increase in RER representing a shift toward enhanced carbohydrate oxidation and reduced lipid utilization.	Carbohydrates	110-122	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	32-39
28249286-8	2017	Furthermore, FGF15/19 and FGF21 function to regulate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	53-65	fibroblast growth factor 19	Homo sapiens	13-21
27756201-5	2016	The alternative splicing of NCoR previously identified in mice (and shown to regulate lipid and carbohydrate metabolism) is likely to have arisen separately and after that of SMRT, and includes an example of convergent evolution.	Carbohydrates	96-108	nuclear receptor co-repressor 1	Mus musculus	28-32
30941972-5	2019	RESULTS: The serum IL-26 level in the patients with gastric cancer was remarkably higher than that in benign stomach disease group [(267.14+-20.39) vs. (172.12+-13.38) pg/mL, p&lt;0.05], which was similar to the change trends of tumor markers such as carbohydrate antigen (CA) 724.	Carbohydrates	251-263	interleukin 26	Homo sapiens	19-24
27546552-8	2016	Furthermore, similar to TNF-alpha, IL-10 and TRIP mRNA expression was upregulated in the spleen of fish fed high-fat or high-carbohydrate diets, suggesting that TRIP might be associated with the response to excessive energy intake.	Carbohydrates	125-137	TRAF interacting protein	Homo sapiens	45-49
27546552-8	2016	Furthermore, similar to TNF-alpha, IL-10 and TRIP mRNA expression was upregulated in the spleen of fish fed high-fat or high-carbohydrate diets, suggesting that TRIP might be associated with the response to excessive energy intake.	Carbohydrates	125-137	TRAF interacting protein	Homo sapiens	161-165
28378733-7	2017	The presence of DM2 was associated with significantly increased intima-media thickness and higher GRACE scores (p=0.013) as compared to those in the patients with normal carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	170-182	immunoglobulin heavy diversity 1-14 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	16-19
29654547-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Citrin (mitochondrial aspartate-glutamate transporter) deficiency causes the failures in both carbohydrate-energy metabolism and the urea cycle, and the alterations in the serum levels of several amino acids in the stages of newborn (NICCD) and adult (CTLN2).	Carbohydrates	106-118	solute carrier family 25 member 13	Homo sapiens	12-18
27941594-1	2016	Carbohydrate administration decreases plasma levels of the "hunger hormone" ghrelin.	Carbohydrates	0-12	ghrelin	Mus musculus	76-83
28074978-2	2016	AIM: To evaluate the association of energy intake, meal frequency, and amount of carbohydrates with fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin in a group of patients with DM2 without insulin therapy.	Carbohydrates	81-94	immunoglobulin heavy diversity 1-14 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	179-182
30544995-11	2018	HAS2 may modulate the transcriptional networks of angiogenesis, cell adhesion, vascular injury, and carbohydrate metabolisms in venous tissues and downregulation of HAS2 may underlie the mechanism of VV.	Carbohydrates	100-112	hyaluronan synthase 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
27695291-10	2016	Since 83% of patients with high levels of autoantibodies are breath test positive to lactase with a lactase deficit higher than 50%, this fact led us to hypothesize a correlation with carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein and therefore a possible role of carbohydrate metabolism in the development and maintenance of autoimmune thyroiditis associated with body weight increase and slower basic metabolism.	Carbohydrates	184-196	lactase	Homo sapiens	85-92
27695291-10	2016	Since 83% of patients with high levels of autoantibodies are breath test positive to lactase with a lactase deficit higher than 50%, this fact led us to hypothesize a correlation with carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein and therefore a possible role of carbohydrate metabolism in the development and maintenance of autoimmune thyroiditis associated with body weight increase and slower basic metabolism.	Carbohydrates	265-277	lactase	Homo sapiens	85-92
27816752-0	2016	Reduced intake of carbohydrate prevents the development of obesity and impaired glucose metabolism in ghrelin O-acyltransferase knockout mice.	Carbohydrates	18-30	membrane bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 4	Mus musculus	102-127
27816752-2	2016	However, little has been examined about the physiological action of ghrelin on preference for different types of carbohydrate such as glucose, fructose, and starch.	Carbohydrates	113-125	ghrelin	Mus musculus	68-75
27816752-3	2016	The current study was aimed to investigate the role of acylated-ghrelin in the determinants of the choice of carbohydrates, and pathogenesis of chronic disorders, including obesity and insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	109-122	ghrelin	Mus musculus	64-71
27834807-7	2016	This was in marked contrast with the mucin adhesion behaviour presented by Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a mammalian lectin characterised by a single carbohydrate binding domain (CRD).	Carbohydrates	140-152	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	75-85
27834807-7	2016	This was in marked contrast with the mucin adhesion behaviour presented by Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a mammalian lectin characterised by a single carbohydrate binding domain (CRD).	Carbohydrates	140-152	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	87-92
27454242-2	2016	Using indirect calorimetry, we first showed that acylated ghrelin, administered into the ArcN, significantly increased the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) in male Sprague-Dawley rats, representing a shift in fuel utilization toward enhanced carbohydrate oxidation and reduced lipid utilization.	Carbohydrates	242-254	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	58-65
30574697-0	2018	[Recombination of human galectin-3 with the carbohydrate recognition domain to achieve glycoprotein/glycopeptide enrichment].	Carbohydrates	44-56	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	24-34
27026388-6	2016	In a pre-specified subgroup analysis of patients with a baseline HbA1C 7-10%, change in HbA1C from baseline improved in the carbohydrate counting [-0.86% (-1.47, -0.26), P=0.006] and plate method groups [-0.76% (-1.33, -0.19), P=0.01] compared to controls.	Carbohydrates	124-136	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	65-69
27529448-9	2016	Changes in gut microbiota were likely due to microbiota accessible carbohydrates in RSL and GL rather than RSL phenolics, which may be metabolized, absorbed, or degraded before reaching the colon.	Carbohydrates	67-80	regulator of sex limited protein-Slp	Mus musculus	84-87
30574697-2	2018	Using the conserved sequence of the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of the human galectin-3 protein, we engineered the following two novel human galectins:Gal3C (containing one CRD) and Tetra-Gal3C (containing four tandem CRDs).	Carbohydrates	36-48	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	87-97
27324153-3	2016	To improve our understanding of the motifs that are required for interactions with microbes and surfactant structures, we explored the role of the tyrosine-rich binding surface on the carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-A in the interaction with DPPC and lipid A using crystallography, site-directed mutagenesis, and molecular dynamics simulations.	Carbohydrates	184-196	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	219-223
30523261-3	2018	Lentivirus-mediated Ccrk ablation in liver of male mice fed with high-fat high-carbohydrate diet abrogates not only obesity-associated lipid accumulation, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, but also HCC development.	Carbohydrates	79-91	cyclin-dependent kinase 20	Mus musculus	20-24
27540527-2	2016	Although PPARgamma acts as a master transcription factor in adipocyte differentiation, it is also associated with a variety of cell functions including carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, cell proliferation and cell differentiation.	Carbohydrates	152-164	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	9-18
27626163-11	2016	Interestingly, the carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-3 interacted with NICD1.	Carbohydrates	19-31	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	54-64
30766591-9	2018	Percentage intakes of macronutrients for normotensives were within the Adequate Macronutrient Distribution Range and PIH group recorded higher intakes of carbohydrate (72.75+-16.16 %), lower protein (9.77+-5.61 %) and fat (17.15+-11.99%).	Carbohydrates	154-166	pregnancy-induced hypertension (pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, toxemia of pregnancy included)	Homo sapiens	117-120
27063365-1	2016	BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) is a tightly regulated enzyme that controls carbohydrate partitioning to organic acid anions (malate, citrate) excreted in copious amounts by cluster roots of inorganic phosphate (Pi)-deprived white lupin plants.	Carbohydrates	104-116	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IIIA	Homo sapiens	259-264
26606276-4	2016	Among the most significantly up-regulated genes were regulators of carbohydrate transport, including HXT1, HXT3, HXT4, IMA5, MIG2, and YKR075C.	Carbohydrates	67-79	hexose transporter HXT4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	113-117
26606276-4	2016	Among the most significantly up-regulated genes were regulators of carbohydrate transport, including HXT1, HXT3, HXT4, IMA5, MIG2, and YKR075C.	Carbohydrates	67-79	oligo-1,6-glucosidase IMA5	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	119-123
30425250-4	2018	Bioinformatics analysis reveals broad new potential roles of USP14, especially in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	92-104	ubiquitin specific peptidase 14	Mus musculus	61-66
27189193-4	2016	GLP-1 is a feeding hormone that increases insulin secretion after carbohydrate consumption, and increased GLP-1 secretion may be responsible for some of the beneficial effects on glycemic control after flavanol consumption.	Carbohydrates	66-78	glucagon	Mus musculus	0-5
27486236-1	2016	Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a peptide hormone with pleiotropic effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, is considered a target for the treatment of diabetes.	Carbohydrates	83-95	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	0-27
27486236-1	2016	Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a peptide hormone with pleiotropic effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, is considered a target for the treatment of diabetes.	Carbohydrates	83-95	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	29-34
30374109-0	2018	Fibroblast Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 (FGFBP3) impacts carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	60-72	fibroblast growth factor binding protein 3	Mus musculus	0-42
27668650-11	2016	Adropin is involved in carbohydrate-lipid metabolism, metabolic diseases, central nervous system function, endothelial function and cardiovascular disease.	Carbohydrates	23-35	energy homeostasis associated	Homo sapiens	0-7
27272845-2	2016	In this setting, mucins, especially mucin 1 (MUC1), become carriers for oncofetal carbohydrates and relieve invasive growth.	Carbohydrates	82-95	mucin 1, transmembrane	Mus musculus	36-43
27272845-2	2016	In this setting, mucins, especially mucin 1 (MUC1), become carriers for oncofetal carbohydrates and relieve invasive growth.	Carbohydrates	82-95	mucin 1, transmembrane	Mus musculus	45-49
30374109-0	2018	Fibroblast Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 (FGFBP3) impacts carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	60-72	fibroblast growth factor binding protein 3	Mus musculus	44-50
27085864-1	2016	The T1R2 (taste type 1 receptor, member 2)/T1R3 (taste type 1 receptor, member 3) sweet taste receptor is expressed in taste buds on the tongue, where it allows the detection of energy-rich carbohydrates of food.	Carbohydrates	190-203	taste 1 receptor member 3	Homo sapiens	43-80
29651749-5	2018	We previously reported that medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) supplement therapy with a low-carbohydrate formula was effective in CTLN2 to prevent a relapse of hyperammonemic encephalopathy.	Carbohydrates	90-102	solute carrier family 25 member 13	Homo sapiens	128-133
26059692-3	2016	The c/MAM domain of human neuropilin-1 has been recombinantly expressed to allow for investigation of its propensity to engage in molecular interactions with other protein or carbohydrate components on a cell surface.	Carbohydrates	175-187	neuropilin 1	Homo sapiens	26-38
27560542-3	2016	Herein, we studied the carbohydrate recognition domain of Langerin, a C-type lectin receptor involved in the host defense against viruses such as HIV and influenza as well as bacteria and fungi.	Carbohydrates	23-35	CD207 molecule	Homo sapiens	58-66
30084397-6	2018	The final HLE structure contains the largest structurally defined carbohydrate trees among currently available HLE structures.	Carbohydrates	66-78	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	10-13
27352952-0	2016	Carbohydrate Counting at Meal Time Followed by a Small Secondary Postprandial Bolus Injection at 3 Hours Prevents Late Hyperglycemia, Without Hypoglycemia, After a High-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Meal in Type 1 Diabetes.	Carbohydrates	0-12	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	188-191
27214655-9	2016	Hormone suppression by DIO reflected consumed calories, rather than the pathophysiological milieu of obesity, as a diet high in calories from carbohydrates suppressed uroguanylin in lean mice, whereas calorie restriction restored uroguanylin in obese mice.	Carbohydrates	142-155	guanylate cyclase activator 2b (retina)	Mus musculus	167-178
30084397-6	2018	The final HLE structure contains the largest structurally defined carbohydrate trees among currently available HLE structures.	Carbohydrates	66-78	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	111-114
27583468-3	2016	FGF21 is predominantly produced by the liver but also by other tissues, such as white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT), skeletal muscle, and pancreas in response to different stimuli such as cold and different nutritional challenges that include fasting, high-fat diets (HFDs), ketogenic diets, some amino acid-deficient diets, low protein diets, high carbohydrate diets or specific dietary bioactive compounds.	Carbohydrates	368-380	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	0-5
26684586-6	2016	The carbohydrate portion of basigin is recognized by lectins, such as galectin-3 and E-selectin.	Carbohydrates	4-16	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	70-80
29735526-3	2018	Here we conducted a natural history study and chemical-modifier screen on the Drosophila melanogaster NGLY1 homolog, Pngl We generated a new fly model of NGLY1 Deficiency, engineered with a nonsense mutation in Pngl at codon 420 that results in a truncation of the C-terminal carbohydrate-binding PAW domain.	Carbohydrates	276-288	PNGase-like	Drosophila melanogaster	117-121
26606271-9	2016	Carbohydrate ingestion increased muscle glycogen concentrations during 5 h of postexercise recovery to 261 +- 98, 289 +- 130, and 315 +- 103 mmol kg-1 dry weight in the GLU, GLU + FRU, and GLU + SUC treatments, respectively (P &lt; 0.001), with no differences between treatments (time x treatment, P = 0.757).	Carbohydrates	0-12	zinc finger and BTB domain containing 22	Homo sapiens	180-183
29697539-3	2018	Dietary carbohydrates, in particular, fructose, have been shown to stimulate DNL and increase liver fat, although it is debated whether this is due to excess energy or fructose per se.	Carbohydrates	8-21	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	100-103
26792177-6	2016	The mutation (p.Trp211Arg), which segregates with a disease phenotype characterized by either isolated IIP/IPF, or IPF associated with lung adenocarcinoma, is located in the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of SP-A1 and involves a residue invariant throughout evolution, not only in SP-A1, but also in its close paralog SP-A2 and other CRD-containing proteins.	Carbohydrates	174-186	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	215-220
26792177-6	2016	The mutation (p.Trp211Arg), which segregates with a disease phenotype characterized by either isolated IIP/IPF, or IPF associated with lung adenocarcinoma, is located in the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of SP-A1 and involves a residue invariant throughout evolution, not only in SP-A1, but also in its close paralog SP-A2 and other CRD-containing proteins.	Carbohydrates	174-186	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	288-293
26911284-1	2016	Galectin-3 is an adhesion/growth-regulatory protein with a modular design comprising an N-terminal tail (NT, residues 1-111) and the conserved carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD, residues 112-250).	Carbohydrates	143-155	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
26911284-5	2016	Intramolecular interactions occur between the CRD F-face (the 5-stranded beta-sheet behind the canonical carbohydrate-binding 6-stranded beta-sheet of the S-face) and NT in full-length galectin-3, with the sequence P(23)GAW(26)...P(37)GASYPGAY(45) defining the primary binding epitope within the NT.	Carbohydrates	105-117	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	185-195
29571010-7	2018	Dietary Pattern 1 (DP1), characterized by intake of fish, protein foods, refined carbohydrates, vegetables, fruit, juice and sweetened beverages, kid"s meals and snacks and sweets, was associated with higher relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Bacteroides and Ruminococcus and lower abundance of Bifidobacterium, Prevotella, Blautia and Roseburia.	Carbohydrates	81-94	prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens	19-22
27239756-0	2016	Higher insulin sensitivity in EDL muscle of rats fed a low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet inhibits the caspase-3 and ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic systems but does not increase protein synthesis.	Carbohydrates	73-85	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	104-113
26837763-6	2016	Structurally, the 158-175 amino acid sequence in the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of Gal-3 was responsible for augmented osteoclastogenesis.	Carbohydrates	53-65	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	94-99
29522789-7	2018	Carbohydrate-restricted diets, in particular those that restrict carbohydrate to &lt;26% of total energy, produced greater reductions in HbA1c at 3 months (WMD -0.47%, 95% CI: -0.71, -0.23) and 6 months (WMD -0.36%, 95% CI: -0.62, -0.09), with no significant difference at 12 or 24 months.	Carbohydrates	0-12	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	137-141
27169187-3	2016	Colochiroside D (4) has a new type of carbohydrate chain having the only sulfate group attached to C-6 of the third (glucose) monosaccharide residue.	Carbohydrates	38-50	complement component 6	Mus musculus	99-102
27460714-0	2016	Inverse association between carbohydrate consumption and plasma adropin concentrations in humans.	Carbohydrates	28-40	energy homeostasis associated	Homo sapiens	64-71
29522789-7	2018	Carbohydrate-restricted diets, in particular those that restrict carbohydrate to &lt;26% of total energy, produced greater reductions in HbA1c at 3 months (WMD -0.47%, 95% CI: -0.71, -0.23) and 6 months (WMD -0.36%, 95% CI: -0.62, -0.09), with no significant difference at 12 or 24 months.	Carbohydrates	65-77	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	137-141
27460714-7	2016	Plasma adropin concentrations under the main area of the bell curve correlated negatively with habitual carbohydrate intake and plasma lipids.	Carbohydrates	104-116	energy homeostasis associated	Homo sapiens	7-14
29463615-4	2018	We find that tep2 and tep4 loss-of-function mutant flies contain increased levels of carbohydrates and triglycerides in the presence or absence of Photorhabdus infection.	Carbohydrates	85-98	Thioester-containing protein 2	Drosophila melanogaster	13-17
27460714-9	2016	CONCLUSIONS: Plasma adropin concentrations in humans are sensitive to dietary macronutrients, perhaps due to habitual consumption of carbohydrate-rich diets suppressing circulating levels.	Carbohydrates	133-145	energy homeostasis associated	Homo sapiens	20-27
27380866-7	2016	Moreover, the elicited antisera reacted with the STn-MUC1 antigen-positive tumor cells, indicating that the carbohydrate antigen modification strategy may hold potential to overcome the weak immunogenicity of natural MUC1 glycopeptides.	Carbohydrates	108-120	mucin 1, transmembrane	Mus musculus	53-57
26723851-1	2016	Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) is a gut-derived hormone that controls bile acid (BA), carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	91-103	fibroblast growth factor 19	Homo sapiens	0-27
26723851-1	2016	Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) is a gut-derived hormone that controls bile acid (BA), carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	91-103	fibroblast growth factor 19	Homo sapiens	29-34
29463615-4	2018	We find that tep2 and tep4 loss-of-function mutant flies contain increased levels of carbohydrates and triglycerides in the presence or absence of Photorhabdus infection.	Carbohydrates	85-98	Thioester-containing protein 4	Drosophila melanogaster	22-26
27380866-7	2016	Moreover, the elicited antisera reacted with the STn-MUC1 antigen-positive tumor cells, indicating that the carbohydrate antigen modification strategy may hold potential to overcome the weak immunogenicity of natural MUC1 glycopeptides.	Carbohydrates	108-120	mucin 1, transmembrane	Mus musculus	217-221
29633523-0	2018	Synthetic MUC1 Antitumor Vaccine with Incorporated 2,3-Sialyl-T Carbohydrate Antigen Inducing Strong Immune Responses with Isotype Specificity.	Carbohydrates	64-76	mucin 1, transmembrane	Mus musculus	10-14
26676362-1	2016	Helenius and colleagues proposed over 20-years ago a paradigm-shifting model for how chaperone binding in the endoplasmic reticulum was mediated and controlled for a new type of molecular chaperone- the carbohydrate-binding chaperones, calnexin and calreticulin.	Carbohydrates	203-215	calnexin	Homo sapiens	236-244
26764334-0	2016	Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (Fgf21) Gene Expression Is Elevated in the Liver of Mice Fed a High-Carbohydrate Liquid Diet and Attenuated by a Lipid Emulsion but Is Not Upregulated in the Liver of Mice Fed a High-Fat Obesogenic Diet.	Carbohydrates	96-108	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	0-27
26764334-0	2016	Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (Fgf21) Gene Expression Is Elevated in the Liver of Mice Fed a High-Carbohydrate Liquid Diet and Attenuated by a Lipid Emulsion but Is Not Upregulated in the Liver of Mice Fed a High-Fat Obesogenic Diet.	Carbohydrates	96-108	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	29-34
26764334-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a regulator of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism; however, the regulation of Fgf21 gene expression by diet remains incompletely understood.	Carbohydrates	66-78	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	12-39
26764334-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a regulator of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism; however, the regulation of Fgf21 gene expression by diet remains incompletely understood.	Carbohydrates	66-78	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	41-46
29512653-1	2018	The insulin receptor is a dimeric protein that has a crucial role in controlling glucose homeostasis, regulating lipid, protein and carbohydrate metabolism, and modulating brain neurotransmitter levels.	Carbohydrates	132-144	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	4-20
26760037-2	2016	We studied alterations in the cell surface glycan expression profile upon EMT of RPE cells and focused on its relevance for the interaction with galectin-3 (Gal-3), a carbohydrate binding protein, which can inhibit attachment and spreading of human RPE cells in a dose- and carbohydrate-dependent manner, and thus bares the potential to counteract PVR-associated cellular events.	Carbohydrates	167-179	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	145-155
26760037-2	2016	We studied alterations in the cell surface glycan expression profile upon EMT of RPE cells and focused on its relevance for the interaction with galectin-3 (Gal-3), a carbohydrate binding protein, which can inhibit attachment and spreading of human RPE cells in a dose- and carbohydrate-dependent manner, and thus bares the potential to counteract PVR-associated cellular events.	Carbohydrates	167-179	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	157-162
27471637-3	2016	We have recently reported on a novel mechanism of innate immune evasion characterized by the overexpression of the carbohydrate-binding protein galectin-1 by both mouse and rat malignant glioma.	Carbohydrates	115-127	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 1	Mus musculus	144-154
29355066-8	2018	Clock mutant flies exhibited strong 12-h ultradian rhythms, including 4 carbohydrate species with circadian periods in wild-type flies, but lacked 24-h circadian metabolic oscillations.	Carbohydrates	72-84	Clock	Drosophila melanogaster	0-5
26931208-3	2016	Recent reports have expanded the effects of FGF15/19 and FGF21 on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	66-78	fibroblast growth factor 19	Homo sapiens	44-52
26724858-2	2016	Here we show that the liver regulates carbohydrate intake through production of the hepatokine fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), which markedly suppresses consumption of simple sugars, but not complex carbohydrates, proteins, or lipids.	Carbohydrates	38-50	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	95-122
26724858-2	2016	Here we show that the liver regulates carbohydrate intake through production of the hepatokine fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), which markedly suppresses consumption of simple sugars, but not complex carbohydrates, proteins, or lipids.	Carbohydrates	38-50	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	124-129
26646771-0	2016	Binding of polysaccharides to human galectin-3 at a noncanonical site in its carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	77-89	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	36-46
26646771-1	2016	Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a multifunctional lectin, unique to galectins by the presence of a long N-terminal tail (NT) off of its carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD).	Carbohydrates	126-138	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-17
26646771-4	2016	Overall, we found that these polysaccharides with a larger carbohydrate footprint interact primarily with a noncanonical carbohydrate-binding site on the F-face of the Gal-3 CRD beta-sandwich, and to a less extent, if at all, with the canonical carbohydrate-binding site on the S-face.	Carbohydrates	59-71	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	168-173
26646771-4	2016	Overall, we found that these polysaccharides with a larger carbohydrate footprint interact primarily with a noncanonical carbohydrate-binding site on the F-face of the Gal-3 CRD beta-sandwich, and to a less extent, if at all, with the canonical carbohydrate-binding site on the S-face.	Carbohydrates	121-133	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	168-173
26646771-4	2016	Overall, we found that these polysaccharides with a larger carbohydrate footprint interact primarily with a noncanonical carbohydrate-binding site on the F-face of the Gal-3 CRD beta-sandwich, and to a less extent, if at all, with the canonical carbohydrate-binding site on the S-face.	Carbohydrates	121-133	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	168-173
26724858-2	2016	Here we show that the liver regulates carbohydrate intake through production of the hepatokine fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), which markedly suppresses consumption of simple sugars, but not complex carbohydrates, proteins, or lipids.	Carbohydrates	204-217	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	95-122
26724858-2	2016	Here we show that the liver regulates carbohydrate intake through production of the hepatokine fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), which markedly suppresses consumption of simple sugars, but not complex carbohydrates, proteins, or lipids.	Carbohydrates	204-217	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	124-129
29229370-1	2018	We reported previously that carbohydrate attachment to an overlapping glycosylation site adjacent to the signal peptide of GP3 from equine arteritis virus (EAV) prevents cleavage.	Carbohydrates	28-40	glycoprotein 3 (GP3)	Equine arteritis virus	123-126
26764320-3	2016	Supplementation of protein/AAs with RE exhibited clear protein dose-dependent effects on translational regulation (protein synthesis) through mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, which was most apparent through increases in p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) phosphorylation, compared with postexercise recovery in the fasted or carbohydrate-fed state.	Carbohydrates	358-370	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	183-189
27222427-10	2016	CONCLUSION: Greater carbohydrate and fast food craving was associated with the DRD2 A1 versus A2 allele among Asian Americans.	Carbohydrates	20-32	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	79-83
23823143-2	2015	Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is characterized by a conserved sequence within the carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	71-83	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
23823143-2	2015	Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is characterized by a conserved sequence within the carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	71-83	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	12-17
29596460-10	2018	Eight studies reported a mean change in HbA1c with a low-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	57-69	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	40-44
25534879-0	2015	Preoperative carbohydrate supplementation attenuates post-surgery insulin resistance via reduced inflammatory inhibition of the insulin-mediated restraint on muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 expression.	Carbohydrates	13-25	insulin	Sus scrofa	66-73
25534879-0	2015	Preoperative carbohydrate supplementation attenuates post-surgery insulin resistance via reduced inflammatory inhibition of the insulin-mediated restraint on muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 expression.	Carbohydrates	13-25	insulin	Sus scrofa	128-135
25534879-1	2015	BACKGROUND &amp; AIMS: We hypothesized that the so far poorly understood improvement in postoperative insulin sensitivity, when surgery is preceded by a carbohydrate (CHO) drink, occurs via attenuation of skeletal muscle inflammatory responses to surgery, improved insulin signaling and attenuated expression of muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) 4.	Carbohydrates	153-165	insulin	Sus scrofa	102-109
26628376-7	2015	When beige fat is disabled by thermoneutrality or aging, Elovl6 KO mice gain weight and have increased scWAT mass and impaired carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	127-139	ELOVL family member 6, elongation of long chain fatty acids (yeast)	Mus musculus	57-63
26637979-6	2015	These data demonstrate that variants in SLC39A8 impair the function of manganese-dependent enzymes, most notably beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase, a Golgi enzyme essential for biosynthesis of the carbohydrate part of glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	194-206	solute carrier family 39 member 8	Homo sapiens	40-47
29498857-0	2018	Chemical Shifts of the Carbohydrate Binding Domain of Galectin-3 from Magic Angle Spinning NMR and Hybrid Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics Calculations.	Carbohydrates	23-35	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	54-64
26474814-5	2015	These insights have also lead to a paradigm shift in nutritional therapy for COPD from initial ignorance or focusing on putative adverse effects of carbohydrate overload on the ventilatory system to beneficial effects of nutritional intervention on body composition and physical functioning as integral part of disease management.	Carbohydrates	148-160	COPD	Homo sapiens	77-81
26499888-15	2015	The comparisons between the high CPS1-IT1 expression group and the low expression group indicated significant differences in lymphatic invasion (P=0.045), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (P=0.044), disease-free survival (P=0.026), and non-significant differential trends in alkaline phosphatase were observed (P=0.085).	Carbohydrates	155-167	carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	33-37
29498857-3	2018	Here we report on isotropic chemical shift predictions for the carbohydrate recognition domain of microcrystalline galectin-3, obtained from using hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations, implemented using an automated fragmentation approach, and using very high resolution (0.86 A lactose-bound and 1.25 A apo form) X-ray crystal structures.	Carbohydrates	63-75	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	115-125
26250749-2	2015	As such, FGF15/19 has been implicated in homeostatic control of bile acid, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in multiple target organs including the liver, adipose tissue and brain.	Carbohydrates	75-87	fibroblast growth factor 19	Homo sapiens	9-17
28833406-0	2018	Effect of age and dietary carbohydrate profiles on glucose and insulin dynamics in horses.	Carbohydrates	26-38	INS	Equus caballus	63-70
26400185-1	2015	AMPK is an endogenous energy sensor that regulates lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	61-73	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
26640395-3	2015	This review discusses its structure, carbohydrate-binding properties, and involvement in various aspects of tumorigenesis and some potential carbohydrate ligands that are currently investigated to block galectin-3 activity.	Carbohydrates	37-49	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	203-213
26640395-3	2015	This review discusses its structure, carbohydrate-binding properties, and involvement in various aspects of tumorigenesis and some potential carbohydrate ligands that are currently investigated to block galectin-3 activity.	Carbohydrates	141-153	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	203-213
29355933-6	2018	Furthermore, Heph/Cp KO mice display disordered carbohydrate metabolism characterized as type 2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	48-60	hephaestin	Mus musculus	13-17
26342075-3	2015	Because some carbohydrate moieties carried on MUC1 change to preferable ones for binding of galectin-3 in cancer cells, we speculated that MUC1-mediated signaling may occur through direct binding of galectin-3.	Carbohydrates	13-25	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	46-50
26342075-3	2015	Because some carbohydrate moieties carried on MUC1 change to preferable ones for binding of galectin-3 in cancer cells, we speculated that MUC1-mediated signaling may occur through direct binding of galectin-3.	Carbohydrates	13-25	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	92-102
26342075-3	2015	Because some carbohydrate moieties carried on MUC1 change to preferable ones for binding of galectin-3 in cancer cells, we speculated that MUC1-mediated signaling may occur through direct binding of galectin-3.	Carbohydrates	13-25	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	139-143
28174704-12	2016	Further compounding this complexity, most recent findings suggest that SHP-2 also coordinates carbohydrate, lipid, and bile acid synthesis in the liver and pancreas.	Carbohydrates	94-106	protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11	Mus musculus	71-76
26319680-2	2015	Polysialic acid (PSA) is a carbohydrate attached to NCAM via either of two specific sialyltransferases: ST8SiaII and ST8SiaIV.	Carbohydrates	27-39	ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 2	Mus musculus	104-112
26342075-3	2015	Because some carbohydrate moieties carried on MUC1 change to preferable ones for binding of galectin-3 in cancer cells, we speculated that MUC1-mediated signaling may occur through direct binding of galectin-3.	Carbohydrates	13-25	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	199-209
29578422-0	2018	[EFFECT OF VIOLATIONS OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM ON THE LEVELS OF BIOMARKERS OF INFLAMMATION OF P-SELECTIN AND GALECTIN-3 IN PATIENTS WITH STABLE ANGINA].	Carbohydrates	25-37	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	111-121
26457530-8	2015	The binding of sucrose at the entrance to the active site of the CA IX mimic, and not CA II, in a non-inhibitory mechanism provides a novel carbohydrate moiety binding site that could be further exploited to design isoform-specific inhibitors of CA IX.	Carbohydrates	140-152	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	65-70
26457530-8	2015	The binding of sucrose at the entrance to the active site of the CA IX mimic, and not CA II, in a non-inhibitory mechanism provides a novel carbohydrate moiety binding site that could be further exploited to design isoform-specific inhibitors of CA IX.	Carbohydrates	140-152	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	246-251
26491473-11	2015	However, there was significant relation between BPPV and inadequate carbohydrate intake (p = 0.0419) and insufficient fiber intake (p = 0.03), and the diet of these subjects was rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (p = 0.0084).	Carbohydrates	68-80	benign paroxysmal positional vertigo	Homo sapiens	48-52
29578422-1	2018	The aim of the study was to study the effect of carbohydrate metabolism disturbances and other factors on the level of new biomarkers of P-selectin and Galectin-3 inflammation in patients with stable angina.	Carbohydrates	48-60	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	152-162
29578422-8	2018	Galectin-3 was also linked according to the correlation analysis with violations of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	84-96	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
29331507-15	2018	Furthermore, the nuclear receptors RORalpha/gamma and Rev-erb may couple adropin synthesis with circadian rhythms in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	117-129	energy homeostasis associated	Homo sapiens	73-80
25853863-8	2015	We can conclude that GR activation in GLP-1-producing cells will diminish the secretory responsiveness of these cells to subsequent carbohydrate stimulation.	Carbohydrates	132-144	glucagon	Mus musculus	38-43
26160844-6	2015	Structural analysis using nuclear magnetic resonance and synchrotron radiation circular dichroism spectroscopies showed that the modified heparin derivatives bind to the galectin-3 carbohydrate-recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	181-193	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	170-180
29269393-1	2018	The gut microbiota harbor diverse beta-glucuronidase (GUS) enzymes that liberate glucuronic acid (GlcA) sugars from small-molecule conjugates and complex carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	154-167	glucuronidase beta	Homo sapiens	34-52
25952905-10	2015	Overall, these findings suggest that hepatic glycerol synthesis is cytosolic NADH/NAD(+) ratio-dependent and reveal a likely regulatory mechanism for hepatic glycerol synthesis following a high carbohydrate load in citrin-deficient patients.	Carbohydrates	194-206	solute carrier family 25 member 13	Homo sapiens	215-221
26062005-6	2015	Comparison of the MRH domains of GIIbeta, MPRs, and the ER lectin OS-9 identified conserved residues that are critical for the structural integrity and architecture of the carbohydrate binding pocket.	Carbohydrates	172-184	protein kinase C substrate 80K-H	Homo sapiens	33-40
26236100-8	2015	Our results indicated that moderate exercise reduced the levels of intestinal sIgA depending on decreasing of carbohydrate intake, which is connected with the expression of pIgR.	Carbohydrates	110-122	polymeric immunoglobulin receptor	Mus musculus	173-177
25862418-2	2015	After binding of mannan-binding lectin (MBL), ficolins or collectin 11 to carbohydrates or acetylated residues on pathogen surfaces, dimers of MBL-associated serine proteases 1 and 2 (MASP-1 and MASP-2) activate a proteolytic cascade, which culminates in the formation of the membrane attack complex and pathogen lysis.	Carbohydrates	74-87	collectin subfamily member 11	Homo sapiens	58-70
29269393-1	2018	The gut microbiota harbor diverse beta-glucuronidase (GUS) enzymes that liberate glucuronic acid (GlcA) sugars from small-molecule conjugates and complex carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	154-167	glucuronidase beta	Homo sapiens	54-57
29344292-5	2018	Monomeric (extracellular) galectin-3 usually undergoes further "activation" which significantly broadens the spectrum of biological activity mainly by modifying its carbohydrate-binding properties.	Carbohydrates	165-177	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	26-36
26271046-3	2015	To date, a unique trisaccharide (HSO3-3GlcAbeta1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc), human natural killer-1 (HNK-1) carbohydrate, was found expressed specifically on N-linked glycans of GluA2 and regulated the cell surface expression of AMPAR and the spine maturation process.	Carbohydrates	100-112	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2	Homo sapiens	170-175
25952902-11	2015	Ligand and carbohydrate engagement assay showed that perlecan HS is required for HS-FGF2-FGFR1 ternary complex formation.	Carbohydrates	11-23	fibroblast growth factor 2	Mus musculus	84-88
25952902-11	2015	Ligand and carbohydrate engagement assay showed that perlecan HS is required for HS-FGF2-FGFR1 ternary complex formation.	Carbohydrates	11-23	fibroblast growth factor receptor 1	Mus musculus	89-94
29206237-1	2017	BACKGROUND &amp; AIMS: Recently, we conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT) showing that a 6-month 130g/day low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) reduced HbA1c and BMI more than a calorie restricted diet (CRD).	Carbohydrates	130-142	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	162-166
25944913-0	2015	Inhibition of Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), an Enzyme Essential for NAD+ Biosynthesis, Leads to Altered Carbohydrate Metabolism in Cancer Cells.	Carbohydrates	122-134	nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	14-52
25999025-0	2015	Intake of indigestible carbohydrates influences IgA response and polymeric Ig receptor expression in the rat submandibular gland.	Carbohydrates	23-36	polymeric immunoglobulin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	65-86
28767134-4	2017	Induction of isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (IVDH) activity was observed under carbohydrate starvation which was associated with increased amounts of IVDH protein detected by immunoblotting.	Carbohydrates	77-89	isovaleryl-CoA-dehydrogenase	Arabidopsis thaliana	13-41
26035228-4	2015	Modification of the carbohydrate was found to be important for stabilizing Nod2 and generating the proper response.	Carbohydrates	20-32	nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing 2	Homo sapiens	75-79
25944913-0	2015	Inhibition of Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), an Enzyme Essential for NAD+ Biosynthesis, Leads to Altered Carbohydrate Metabolism in Cancer Cells.	Carbohydrates	122-134	nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	54-59
25944913-15	2015	Taken together, this study shows that NAMPT inhibition leads to attenuation of glycolysis, resulting in further perturbation of carbohydrate metabolism in cancer cells.	Carbohydrates	128-140	nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	38-43
28767134-4	2017	Induction of isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (IVDH) activity was observed under carbohydrate starvation which was associated with increased amounts of IVDH protein detected by immunoblotting.	Carbohydrates	77-89	isovaleryl-CoA-dehydrogenase	Arabidopsis thaliana	43-47
25801724-1	2015	OBJECTIVE: A sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBF-1) transcription factor is a major regulator of lipid metabolism, carbohydrate, and plays a key role in energy homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	128-140	CCHC-type zinc finger nucleic acid binding protein	Homo sapiens	13-54
28767134-4	2017	Induction of isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (IVDH) activity was observed under carbohydrate starvation which was associated with increased amounts of IVDH protein detected by immunoblotting.	Carbohydrates	77-89	isovaleryl-CoA-dehydrogenase	Arabidopsis thaliana	148-152
28986508-5	2017	15N-1H heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR studies reveal that these polysaccharides interact primarily with the F-face of the Gal-3 carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	147-159	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	141-146
26092184-7	2015	Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) that gates carbohydrate entry into mitochondria is inhibited via phosphorylation by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (e.g., PDK4).	Carbohydrates	40-52	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 4	Microcebus murinus	150-154
26035228-6	2015	Moreover, changing the identity of the natural ligands at the carbohydrate 2-position allows for the Nod2-dependent immune response to be either up-regulated or down-regulated.	Carbohydrates	62-74	nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing 2	Homo sapiens	101-105
29110749-0	2017	Salivary leptin and TAS1R2/TAS1R3 polymorphisms are related to sweet taste sensitivity and carbohydrate intake from a buffet meal in healthy young adults.	Carbohydrates	91-103	taste 1 receptor member 3	Homo sapiens	27-33
25774984-3	2015	The two CBM isoforms (beta1- and beta2-CBM) are near identical in sequence and structure, yet show differences in carbohydrate-binding affinity.	Carbohydrates	114-126	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	33-38
25774984-4	2015	beta2-CBM binds linear carbohydrates with 4-fold greater affinity than beta1-CBM and binds single alpha1,6-branched carbohydrates up to 30-fold tighter.	Carbohydrates	23-36	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
25774984-5	2015	To understand these affinity differences, especially for branched carbohydrates, we determined the NMR solution structure of beta2-CBM in complex with the single alpha1,6-branched carbohydrate glucosyl-beta-cyclodextrin (gBCD) which supported the dynamic nature of the binding site, but resonance broadening prevented defining where the alpha1,6 branch bound.	Carbohydrates	66-79	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	125-130
25641191-5	2015	The activities of key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase were significantly (p&lt;0.05) increased and the activities of hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were significantly (p&lt;0.05) decreased in the liver and kidney of diabetic control rats.	Carbohydrates	33-45	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	232-265
29072701-2	2017	Here, we show that caspase-2 deficiency alters basal energy metabolism by shifting the balance in fuel choice from fatty acid to carbohydrate usage.	Carbohydrates	129-141	caspase 2	Mus musculus	19-28
25601634-5	2015	We found that the carriers of the rs340874 PROX1 CC genotype had higher nonesterified fatty acids levels after high-fat meal (p = 0.035) and lower glucose oxidation (p = 0.014) after high-carbohydrate meal in comparison with subjects with other PROX1 genotypes.	Carbohydrates	188-200	prospero homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	43-48
25601634-7	2015	We hypothesize that lipid metabolism alterations in subjects with the PROX1 CC genotype may be a primary cause of higher glucose levels after glucose load, since the fatty acids can inhibit insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by decreasing carbohydrate oxidation.	Carbohydrates	238-250	prospero homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	70-75
25501997-1	2015	Thyroid hormone (TH) acts through specific receptors (TRs), which are conditional transcription factors, to induce fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a peptide hormone that is usually induced by fasting and that influences lipid and carbohydrate metabolism via local hepatic and systemic endocrine effects.	Carbohydrates	235-247	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	115-142
25501997-1	2015	Thyroid hormone (TH) acts through specific receptors (TRs), which are conditional transcription factors, to induce fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a peptide hormone that is usually induced by fasting and that influences lipid and carbohydrate metabolism via local hepatic and systemic endocrine effects.	Carbohydrates	235-247	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	144-149
25440001-2	2015	Leptin has been suggested to have an important role in a range physiological function, including regulation of food intake, reproduction, immune function, energy expenditure, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	185-197	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
25973686-2	2015	Here, we show that food intake in satiated rats is triggered by an optimal fat/carbohydrate ratio.	Carbohydrates	79-91	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Rattus norvegicus	75-78
29072701-3	2017	At 4 weeks of age, whole-body carbohydrate utilisation was increased in Casp2-/- mice and was maintained into adulthood.	Carbohydrates	30-42	caspase 2	Mus musculus	72-77
29072701-10	2017	Furthermore, we show that caspase-2 deficiency shifts the balance in fuel choice towards increased carbohydrate utilisation and propose that this is due to mild energy stress.	Carbohydrates	99-111	caspase 2	Mus musculus	26-35
29228713-2	2017	The LTQ Orbitrap LC-MS/MS mass spectrometry analysis of cell surface TF-Ag proteome of metastatic prostate cancer cells reveals that several cell surface glycoproteins expressing this carbohydrate antigen in prostate cancer (CD44, alpha2 integrin, beta1 integrin, CD49f, CD133, CD59, EphA2, CD138, transferrin receptor, profilin) are either known as stem cell markers or control important cancer stem-like cell functions.	Carbohydrates	184-196	prominin 1	Homo sapiens	271-276
25733920-1	2015	AIM: Lactose and complex carbohydrates maldigestion, common food intolerances due to low gut content of alpha- and beta-galactosidase, lead to abdominal symptoms including pain, diarrhea, bloating, flatulence, and cramping.	Carbohydrates	25-38	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	104-133
29228713-2	2017	The LTQ Orbitrap LC-MS/MS mass spectrometry analysis of cell surface TF-Ag proteome of metastatic prostate cancer cells reveals that several cell surface glycoproteins expressing this carbohydrate antigen in prostate cancer (CD44, alpha2 integrin, beta1 integrin, CD49f, CD133, CD59, EphA2, CD138, transferrin receptor, profilin) are either known as stem cell markers or control important cancer stem-like cell functions.	Carbohydrates	184-196	syndecan 1	Homo sapiens	291-296
25654672-1	2015	CONTEXT: Regulation of FGF-19 and FGF-21 by oral uptake of lipids and carbohydrates in healthy individuals is poorly characterized.	Carbohydrates	70-83	fibroblast growth factor 19	Homo sapiens	23-29
25687883-5	2015	Our results showed that the metabolic tumor burden was associated with oncogenomic alterations that reflected the abnormal expression of carbohydrate metabolic enzymes (GLUT1, ALDOA and FBP1).	Carbohydrates	137-149	aldolase, fructose-bisphosphate A	Homo sapiens	176-181
29020627-5	2017	Unexpectedly, carbohydrate challenge of hepatic Pparalpha knockout mice also demonstrated a PPARalpha-dependent glucose response for Fgf21 that was associated with an increased sucrose preference.	Carbohydrates	14-26	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	133-138
28974612-13	2017	Moreover, SiaBb2 enhanced B. bifidum adhesion to mucosal surfaces via specific interactions with the alpha2,6 linkage of sialyloligosaccharide and blood type A antigen on mucin carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	177-190	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	171-176
25795967-9	2015	Moreover, high ingestion of carbohydrates increases the chance of high Body Fat and Overweight, and a high intake of protein and lipids increases the risk of high Body Fat.	Carbohydrates	28-41	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	76-79
25795967-10	2015	CONCLUSION: it is recognized that high or low number of daily intakes than recommended, low level of physical activity, high consumption of carbohydrates and having more than 29 years is related to high overweight and body fat.	Carbohydrates	140-153	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	223-226
25428988-2	2015	The reglucosylation of glycoproteins supports their rebinding to the carbohydrate-binding ER molecular chaperones calnexin and calreticulin.	Carbohydrates	69-81	calnexin	Homo sapiens	114-122
28380332-7	2017	The lectin was immobilized in CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B and successfully captured fetuin in solution, demonstrating that this lectin remains active and capable of binding carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	173-186	alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein	Oryctolagus cuniculus	84-90
24895146-10	2015	These results indicate that quercetin and its glycosides regulate GABAC receptor channel activity through interaction with a different site from that of GABA, and that the number of carbohydrate attached to quercetin might play an important role in the regulation of GABAC receptor channel activity.	Carbohydrates	182-194	gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit rho1	Homo sapiens	267-281
25527001-12	2015	CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: GLP-1-oestrogen efficiently protects NZO mice against carbohydrate-induced beta cell failure by attenuation of hyperphagia.	Carbohydrates	82-94	glucagon	Mus musculus	28-33
25713331-1	2015	Dcpp2, Prrt1, and Has1 are plausible candidate genes for the Mnic1 (macronutrient intake-carbohydrate) locus on mouse chromosome 17, based on their map positions and sequence variants, documented expression in salivary glands, and the important role of saliva in oral food processing and taste.	Carbohydrates	89-101	proline-rich transmembrane protein 1	Mus musculus	7-12
28608281-8	2017	These results demonstrate clearly that CsSTS is involved in phloem loading, carbohydrate distribution and tolerance of cucumber seedlings to low temperature stress.	Carbohydrates	76-88	steryl-sulfatase	Cucumis sativus	39-44
25650933-1	2015	Langerin, a trimeric C-type lectin specifically expressed in Langerhans cells, has been reported to be a pathogen receptor through the recognition of glycan motifs by its three carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD).	Carbohydrates	177-189	CD207 molecule	Homo sapiens	0-8
25406260-1	2015	This study was conducted to investigate whether a high-fat/high-carbohydrate (HFHC) meal induces an increase in plasma concentrations of glucagon, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), and CD26 expression in mononuclear cells (MNC) while reducing insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin, GIP, and GLP-1 concentrations.	Carbohydrates	64-76	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	284-289
25722973-0	2015	Muscle IGF-1-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy evokes higher insulin sensitivity and carbohydrate use as preferential energy substrate.	Carbohydrates	87-99	insulin-like growth factor 1	Mus musculus	7-12
25722973-3	2015	MLC/mIGF-1 mice had higher respiratory quotient when compared to WT (0.9 +- 0.03 versus 0.74 +- 0.02, resp.) suggesting a preference for carbohydrate as the major fuel source.	Carbohydrates	137-149	insulin-like growth factor 1	Mus musculus	4-10
25722973-9	2015	These data together suggest a shift in metabolism towards higher carbohydrate utilization, and that could explain the increased insulin sensitivity of hypertrophied skeletal muscle in MLC/mIGF-1 mice.	Carbohydrates	65-77	insulin-like growth factor 1	Mus musculus	188-194
28824609-3	2017	SP-D binds to gp120, the envelope protein expressed on HIV-1, through its C-type lectin or carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	91-103	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	14-19
25376338-3	2015	The accrued data have shown that the FXR plays important roles not only in bile acid, lipid metabolism, and carbohydrate homeostasis, but also in inflammatory responses.	Carbohydrates	108-120	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4	Homo sapiens	37-40
26089880-5	2015	Since FGF21 is believed to exert its effects mostly at the transcriptional level, we analyzed and observed significant upregulation in expression of various genes involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, energy homeostasis, and antioxidant defense in FGF21-treated controls, but not in GH transgenics.	Carbohydrates	175-187	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	6-11
25422308-0	2015	Carbohydrate-dependent binding of langerin to SodC, a cell wall glycoprotein of Mycobacterium leprae.	Carbohydrates	0-12	CD207 molecule	Homo sapiens	34-42
25422308-8	2015	Analysis of r-langerin affinity by surface plasmon resonance revealed a carbohydrate-dependent affinity of rSodC (equilibrium dissociation constant [KD] = 0.862 muM) that was 20-fold greater than for M. leprae ManLAM (KD = 18.69 muM).	Carbohydrates	72-84	CD207 molecule	Homo sapiens	14-22
25727146-1	2015	Mucin-type O-glycans are a class of glycans initiated with N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) alpha-linked primarily to Ser/Thr residues within glycoproteins and often extended or branched by sugars or saccharides.	Carbohydrates	198-209	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	0-5
26089880-5	2015	Since FGF21 is believed to exert its effects mostly at the transcriptional level, we analyzed and observed significant upregulation in expression of various genes involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, energy homeostasis, and antioxidant defense in FGF21-treated controls, but not in GH transgenics.	Carbohydrates	175-187	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	257-262
28761052-5	2017	UCHL1 overexpression induced the reprogramming of carbohydrate metabolism and increased NADPH levels in a pentose phosphate pathway (PPP)-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	50-62	ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1	Mus musculus	0-5
25485685-9	2015	Arcuate nucleus glucokinase activation may represent a CNS mechanism that underlies the oft-described phenomena of the "sweet tooth" and carbohydrate craving.	Carbohydrates	137-149	glucokinase	Rattus norvegicus	16-27
28548942-0	2017	The N-terminal tail coordinates with carbohydrate recognition domain to mediate galectin-3 induced apoptosis in T cells.	Carbohydrates	37-49	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	80-90
26159070-2	2015	The system comprised proteins named Enzyme I, HPr and Enzymes II, as part of a novel PTS for carbohydrates in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, whose "biological significance remained unclear".	Carbohydrates	93-106	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	46-49
25153452-2	2015	In the present study, sheep (Ovis aries) conglutinin encoding neck and carbohydrate recognition domain (rSCGN) was expressed in the E coli BL21 expression host.	Carbohydrates	71-83	secretagogin, EF-hand calcium binding protein	Rattus norvegicus	104-109
25281760-6	2014	The only detected consequence of deleting Elovl6(-/-) in mice was that their livers accumulated significantly more triglycerides than wild-type mice when fed a fat-free/high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	174-186	ELOVL family member 6, elongation of long chain fatty acids (yeast)	Mus musculus	42-48
25253157-5	2015	Fourth, the addition of saccharides that bind to galectin-1 and galectin-3 with high affinity (e.g., lactose or thiodigalactoside) to nuclear extract results in inhibition of splicing whereas parallel addition of saccharides that do not bind to the galectins (e.g., cellobiose) fail to yield the same effect.	Carbohydrates	24-35	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	64-74
28548942-1	2017	Galectin-3 is a galectin with a unique flexible N-terminal tail (NT) connected to the conserved carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD).	Carbohydrates	96-108	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
25253157-5	2015	Fourth, the addition of saccharides that bind to galectin-1 and galectin-3 with high affinity (e.g., lactose or thiodigalactoside) to nuclear extract results in inhibition of splicing whereas parallel addition of saccharides that do not bind to the galectins (e.g., cellobiose) fail to yield the same effect.	Carbohydrates	213-224	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	64-74
28578872-6	2017	A representative in vitro panel of the most common GUS proteins by read abundances highlights structural and functional variabilities within the family, including their differential processing of smaller glucuronides and larger carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	228-241	glucuronidase beta	Homo sapiens	51-54
25277834-1	2014	As a basis for the development of an artificial carbohydrate-binding lectin, we chemically synthesized a domain of siglec-7, a well-characterized sialic-acid-binding lectin.	Carbohydrates	48-60	sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 7	Homo sapiens	115-123
25275130-2	2014	HIV-1 Env N-glycans shield the protein backbone and have been shown to play key roles in determining Env structure, surface exposure, and, consequently, antigenicity, infectivity, antibody neutralization, and carbohydrate and receptor binding.	Carbohydrates	209-221	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	6-9
25275130-10	2014	IMPORTANCE: HIV-1 Env N-glycans shield the protein backbone and play key roles in determining Env structure and surface exposure, thereby impacting Env antigenicity, infectivity, antibody neutralization, and carbohydrate and receptor binding.	Carbohydrates	208-220	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	18-21
28740415-8	2017	Also, the phosphorylation of p65 and p50 subunits of nuclear factor-kappaB, as well as nuclear localization, differed between processed ESM powder and carbohydrate fraction, suggesting different down-stream regulation during inflammation.	Carbohydrates	151-163	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	29-32
25330228-12	2014	The genes Decr2, Ppard and Agapt1 are more appealing candidates because of their involvement in lipid metabolism and down-regulation in carbohydrate-preferring animals.	Carbohydrates	136-148	2-4-dienoyl-Coenzyme A reductase 2, peroxisomal	Mus musculus	10-15
28487369-3	2017	We previously reported that carbohydrate-dependent interactions of transmembrane mucins with galectin-3 contribute to maintenance of the epithelial barrier at the ocular surface.	Carbohydrates	28-40	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	93-103
25278262-2	2014	Here we demonstrate that carbohydrate-specific signalling by DC-SIGN drives follicular T helper cell (TFH) differentiation via IL-27 expression.	Carbohydrates	25-37	CD209 antigen	Sus scrofa	61-68
25278262-2	2014	Here we demonstrate that carbohydrate-specific signalling by DC-SIGN drives follicular T helper cell (TFH) differentiation via IL-27 expression.	Carbohydrates	25-37	interleukin 27	Sus scrofa	127-132
25369125-3	2014	There are still uncertainties about the relationship between the quaternary structure of Galectin-3 and its carbohydrate binding properties.	Carbohydrates	108-120	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	89-99
28629451-7	2017	Intake of the high-carbohydrate diet resulted in higher insulin concentrations compared with the two other diets.	Carbohydrates	19-31	insulin	Felis catus	56-63
25499936-5	2014	As discussed here, the term Lp(a) mass refers to the entire mass of the particle: lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates combined.	Carbohydrates	104-117	lipoprotein(a)	Homo sapiens	28-33
25330808-10	2014	The decrease of PDSS2 mRNA expression in GC tissues (less than half the level of expression detected in the corresponding normal adjacent tissues) correlated significantly with elevated levels of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (P = 0.015), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.022), and shorter recurrence-free survival after curative resection (P = 0.022).	Carbohydrates	196-208	decaprenyl diphosphate synthase subunit 2	Homo sapiens	16-21
25051434-8	2014	In summary, transgenic overexpression of PPARgamma in beta-cells in diet-induced obesity negatively impacts whole-animal carbohydrate metabolism associated with altered islet lipid content, increased expression of beta-oxidative genes, and reduced beta-cell mass.	Carbohydrates	121-133	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	41-50
28629451-10	2017	As the high-carbohydrate diet led to the highest insulin blood concentrations, it might be useful to avoid such diets in cats predisposed to overweight.	Carbohydrates	12-24	insulin	Felis catus	49-56
25060692-0	2014	Shifts in dietary carbohydrate-lipid exposure regulate expression of the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-associated gene PNPLA3/adiponutrin in mouse liver and HepG2 human liver cells.	Carbohydrates	18-30	patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3	Mus musculus	123-129
25060692-0	2014	Shifts in dietary carbohydrate-lipid exposure regulate expression of the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-associated gene PNPLA3/adiponutrin in mouse liver and HepG2 human liver cells.	Carbohydrates	18-30	patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3	Mus musculus	130-141
28257831-3	2017	Galectin-1 (Gal-1), as a homodimeric protein with a single carbohydrate-recognition domain, is implicated in several pathologic processes, including angiogenesis; however, its involvement in retinal neovascularization (RNV) remains unknown.	Carbohydrates	59-71	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 1	Mus musculus	0-10
25060692-5	2014	RESULTS: In vivo, mice fed a high-carbohydrate (HC) liquid diet had elevated hepatic lipid content, and PNPLA3 mRNA and protein expression, compared to chow-fed mice.	Carbohydrates	34-46	patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3	Mus musculus	104-110
25018023-7	2014	We also identify key amino acids in the DC-SIGN carbohydrate recognition domain that are required for HHV-8 infection and compare these results with published binding regions for ICAM-2/3 and HIV-1 gp120.	Carbohydrates	48-60	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	198-203
25244161-5	2014	Carbohydrate chains on the peripheral surfaces of the FAD-GDH molecules were removed by periodate oxidation before cross-linking.	Carbohydrates	0-12	hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase/glucose 1-dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	58-61
28257831-3	2017	Galectin-1 (Gal-1), as a homodimeric protein with a single carbohydrate-recognition domain, is implicated in several pathologic processes, including angiogenesis; however, its involvement in retinal neovascularization (RNV) remains unknown.	Carbohydrates	59-71	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 1	Mus musculus	12-17
25309079-4	2014	Accumulating data have shown that the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) plays important roles not only in bile acid metabolism, but also in lipid and carbohydrate homeostasis, inflammatory responses, among others.	Carbohydrates	143-155	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4	Homo sapiens	60-63
25070850-7	2014	Langerin was expressed as trimers after cross-linking on the cell surface of Mutz-3 LCs and in this form preferentially bound HIV envelope protein gp140 and whole HIV particles via the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD).	Carbohydrates	185-197	CD207 molecule	Homo sapiens	0-8
28296149-5	2017	During vegetative stage, photosynthesis and carbohydrate levels were decreased in aap8 leaves, while expression of carbon metabolism and transport genes, as well as sucrose phloem transport were not affected despite reduced sink strength.	Carbohydrates	44-56	amino acid permease 8	Arabidopsis thaliana	82-86
24893713-8	2014	Results indicate that PPARgamma signaling increased resulting in enhanced cycling of lipid and carbohydrate substrates into glycolytic/gluconeogenic pathways favoring energy production versus storage in 2,4-DNT-exposed WT and PPARalpha (-/-) mice.	Carbohydrates	95-107	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	22-31
24848071-5	2014	A comparison of whole-body substrate preference and skeletal muscle substrate oxidation in adropin knockout and transgenic mice suggests adropin promotes carbohydrate oxidation over fat oxidation.	Carbohydrates	154-166	energy homeostasis associated	Mus musculus	137-144
28237649-1	2017	Activation of casein kinase 2 (CK2) is closely linked to the body disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism and inflammatory reaction.	Carbohydrates	81-93	casein kinase 2, alpha prime polypeptide	Mus musculus	14-29
25109359-5	2014	AREAS COVERED: This review discusses the recent progress of patent applications (2008-present) and the current knowledge of pertinent Gal-3-inhibitor interactions in an effort to progress the development of selective and high affinity carbohydrate-based inhibitors targeting Gal-3, with an emphasis on engaging a structure-based drug design rationale.	Carbohydrates	235-247	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	134-139
25109359-5	2014	AREAS COVERED: This review discusses the recent progress of patent applications (2008-present) and the current knowledge of pertinent Gal-3-inhibitor interactions in an effort to progress the development of selective and high affinity carbohydrate-based inhibitors targeting Gal-3, with an emphasis on engaging a structure-based drug design rationale.	Carbohydrates	235-247	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	275-280
25109359-7	2014	Design of potent and selective carbohydrate inhibitors targeting Gal-3 is challenging due to relative weak protein-carbohydrate interactions along with the high sequence homology in the carbohydrate binding site region among galectins.	Carbohydrates	31-43	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	65-70
25109359-7	2014	Design of potent and selective carbohydrate inhibitors targeting Gal-3 is challenging due to relative weak protein-carbohydrate interactions along with the high sequence homology in the carbohydrate binding site region among galectins.	Carbohydrates	115-127	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	65-70
25109359-7	2014	Design of potent and selective carbohydrate inhibitors targeting Gal-3 is challenging due to relative weak protein-carbohydrate interactions along with the high sequence homology in the carbohydrate binding site region among galectins.	Carbohydrates	115-127	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	65-70
25127133-8	2014	Both high fat and high carbohydrate fed Rai1+/- mice also had an increase in body fat and altered fat distribution patterns.	Carbohydrates	23-35	retinoic acid induced 1	Mus musculus	40-44
28237649-1	2017	Activation of casein kinase 2 (CK2) is closely linked to the body disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism and inflammatory reaction.	Carbohydrates	81-93	casein kinase 2, alpha prime polypeptide	Mus musculus	31-34
28340360-11	2017	CONCLUSIONS: HbA1c in early pregnancy was positively associated with the quantity of carbohydrate consumption regardless of insulin treatment.	Carbohydrates	85-97	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	13-17
24477048-0	2014	Insulin treatment of streptozotocin-induced diabetes re-establishes the patterns in carbohydrate, fat and amino acid metabolisms in growing pigs.	Carbohydrates	84-96	insulin	Sus scrofa	0-7
28315686-0	2017	Crystal structure of the catalytic domain of Clostridium perfringens neuraminidase in complex with a non-carbohydrate-based inhibitor, 2-(cyclohexylamino)ethanesulfonic acid.	Carbohydrates	105-117	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	69-82
24477048-13	2014	Within three weeks, the insulin treatment restored the metabolic changes in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolisms produced by the STZ.	Carbohydrates	76-88	insulin	Sus scrofa	24-31
24477048-14	2014	In conclusion, the results underscore the usefulness of this animal model in translational research as insulin treatment re-establishes the changes in carbohydrate, fat and amino acid metabolisms observed in STZ-diabetic pigs and resolves clinical signs of disease similar to those in humans.	Carbohydrates	151-163	insulin	Sus scrofa	103-110
24989043-7	2014	The results demonstrate that GAPC levels play important roles in the overall cellular production of reductants, energy, and carbohydrate metabolites and that GAPC levels are directly correlated with seed oil accumulation.	Carbohydrates	124-136	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase C subunit 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	29-33
25138305-1	2014	Galectin-3 is a member of the family of beta-galactoside-binding lectins characterized by evolutionarily conserved sequences defined by structural similarities in their carbohydrate-recognition domains.	Carbohydrates	169-181	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
25066696-10	2014	CONCLUSIONS: MCD(-/-) mice consistently exhibited cardiac dysfunction and severe metabolic perturbations while on a high-fat, low carbohydrate diet of maternal milk and these gradually resolved post-weaning.	Carbohydrates	130-142	malonyl-CoA decarboxylase	Mus musculus	13-16
25104722-0	2014	Loss of cytosolic phosphoglucose isomerase affects carbohydrate metabolism in leaves and is essential for fertility of Arabidopsis.	Carbohydrates	51-63	phosphoglucose isomerase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	18-42
24769397-10	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Although their similarity in carbohydrate binding specificities is high, there seems to be some differences in the mode of substrate recognition between calmegin and calnexin.	Carbohydrates	42-54	calnexin	Homo sapiens	179-187
25010475-5	2014	Fluorescence and FT-IR spectroscopy results suggest that Mg2+ prefers to interact with the carbohydrate moiety of ovomucin without significant changes in the secondary structure when Mg2+ concentration is less than 9 mumol/mg ovomucin.	Carbohydrates	91-103	mucin 7, secreted	Homo sapiens	57-60
24945728-2	2014	The present work reports the carbohydrate-dependent interaction of CD6 and CD166/ALCAM with Galectin-1 and -3, two well-known soluble mammalian lectins.	Carbohydrates	29-41	activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	75-80
24945728-2	2014	The present work reports the carbohydrate-dependent interaction of CD6 and CD166/ALCAM with Galectin-1 and -3, two well-known soluble mammalian lectins.	Carbohydrates	29-41	activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	81-86
25179081-9	2014	It is concluded that the concomitant treatment with leptin and AM 251 attenuated markedly body weight gain in rats maintained on high-calorie diets rich in fat and carbohydrates but did not affect preferences for sweet food.	Carbohydrates	164-177	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	52-58
24837458-0	2014	The carbohydrate-binding domain of overexpressed STBD1 is important for its stability and protein-protein interactions.	Carbohydrates	4-16	starch binding domain 1	Homo sapiens	49-54
24781151-11	2014	Pank1/Lep double-deficient mice exhibited reduced whole-body metabolism of fatty acids and amino acids and had a greater reliance on carbohydrate use for energy production.	Carbohydrates	133-145	pantothenate kinase 1	Mus musculus	0-5
24750267-3	2014	HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To characterize tissue AMPK regulation in ponies subjected to a dietary carbohydrate (CHO) challenge.	Carbohydrates	95-107	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	46-50
24752896-5	2014	Surface plasmon resonance and anti-CD69 blocking analyses demonstrated a direct and specific interaction between CD69 and galectin-1 that was carbohydrate dependent.	Carbohydrates	142-154	CD69 molecule	Homo sapiens	35-39
24752896-5	2014	Surface plasmon resonance and anti-CD69 blocking analyses demonstrated a direct and specific interaction between CD69 and galectin-1 that was carbohydrate dependent.	Carbohydrates	142-154	CD69 molecule	Homo sapiens	113-117
24892697-11	2014	Thus, ArtinM interacts directly with TLR2 or TLR2 heterodimers in a carbohydrate recognition-dependent manner and functions as a TLR2 agonist with immunomodulatory properties.	Carbohydrates	68-80	toll-like receptor 2	Mus musculus	37-41
24892697-11	2014	Thus, ArtinM interacts directly with TLR2 or TLR2 heterodimers in a carbohydrate recognition-dependent manner and functions as a TLR2 agonist with immunomodulatory properties.	Carbohydrates	68-80	toll-like receptor 2	Mus musculus	45-49
24892697-11	2014	Thus, ArtinM interacts directly with TLR2 or TLR2 heterodimers in a carbohydrate recognition-dependent manner and functions as a TLR2 agonist with immunomodulatory properties.	Carbohydrates	68-80	toll-like receptor 2	Mus musculus	45-49
24721335-9	2014	The prime functions of preptin and adropin include regulating carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolisms by moderating glucose-mediated insulin release.	Carbohydrates	62-74	energy homeostasis associated	Homo sapiens	35-42
24629597-3	2014	The altered activities of the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism such as hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase in liver of diabetic rats were significantly reverted to near normal levels by the administration of tangeretin.	Carbohydrates	45-57	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	181-214
24558100-2	2014	Salivary and pancreatic alpha-amylases (coded by AMY1 and AMY2 genes, respectively) play a crucial role in carbohydrate digestion in nonruminants, but little is known about these 2 genes in the horse.	Carbohydrates	107-119	pancreatic alpha-amylase	Equus caballus	49-53
24777417-2	2014	In the past decades, FXR has been found with important roles in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis of bile acids, cholesterol, lipids and carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	143-156	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4	Homo sapiens	21-24
24693939-5	2014	The At1g08280 (AtGALT29A) from Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a putative glycosyltransferase (GT), which belongs to the Carbohydrate Active Enzyme family GT29.	Carbohydrates	118-130	Glycosyltransferase family 29 (sialyltransferase) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	4-13
24693939-5	2014	The At1g08280 (AtGALT29A) from Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a putative glycosyltransferase (GT), which belongs to the Carbohydrate Active Enzyme family GT29.	Carbohydrates	118-130	Glycosyltransferase family 29 (sialyltransferase) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	15-24
24693939-5	2014	The At1g08280 (AtGALT29A) from Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a putative glycosyltransferase (GT), which belongs to the Carbohydrate Active Enzyme family GT29.	Carbohydrates	118-130	glycosyltransferase	Arabidopsis thaliana	71-90
24693939-5	2014	The At1g08280 (AtGALT29A) from Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a putative glycosyltransferase (GT), which belongs to the Carbohydrate Active Enzyme family GT29.	Carbohydrates	118-130	glycosyltransferase	Arabidopsis thaliana	92-94
24569453-2	2014	The sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectins Siglec-7 and -9 are MHC class I-independent inhibitory receptors on human NK cells that recognize sialic acid-containing carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	161-174	sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 7	Homo sapiens	40-55
24319286-1	2014	Heparanase is an endo-beta-glucuronidase that specifically cleaves the saccharide chains of HSPGs, important structural and functional components of the ECM.	Carbohydrates	71-81	glucuronidase beta	Homo sapiens	22-40
24448642-2	2014	Lactase is necessary for the digestion of lactose--the main carbohydrate in milk--and its production is downregulated after the weaning period in most humans and all other mammals studied.	Carbohydrates	60-72	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-7
24115373-8	2014	Pre-FS adropin correlated positively with fat intake (total fat, r = 0.867, P &lt; 0.05; saturated fat, r = 0.959, P &lt; 0.01) and negatively with carbohydrate intake (r = -0.894, P &lt; 0.05) as a percent total energy.	Carbohydrates	148-160	energy homeostasis associated	Homo sapiens	7-14
24594528-0	2014	Synthesis of new beta(2,2)-amino acids with carbohydrate side chains: impact on the synthesis of peptides.	Carbohydrates	44-56	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	17-25
24594528-1	2014	The study describes the synthesis of new geminally disubstituted C-linked carbo-beta(2,2)-amino acids (beta(2,2)-Caas) with different carbohydrate side chains, and their use in the synthesis of beta(2,2)-peptides.	Carbohydrates	134-146	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	80-88
24594528-1	2014	The study describes the synthesis of new geminally disubstituted C-linked carbo-beta(2,2)-amino acids (beta(2,2)-Caas) with different carbohydrate side chains, and their use in the synthesis of beta(2,2)-peptides.	Carbohydrates	134-146	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	103-111
24594528-1	2014	The study describes the synthesis of new geminally disubstituted C-linked carbo-beta(2,2)-amino acids (beta(2,2)-Caas) with different carbohydrate side chains, and their use in the synthesis of beta(2,2)-peptides.	Carbohydrates	134-146	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	103-111
24368301-5	2014	A comprehensive library of CLRs was expressed by fusing the extracellular part of each respective CLR, the part containing the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD), to the Fc fragment of human IgG1 molecules.	Carbohydrates	127-139	calcitonin receptor	Mus musculus	27-30
24368301-9	2014	These CLR-binding carbohydrates were then covalently attached to the model antigen ovalbumin.	Carbohydrates	18-31	calcitonin receptor	Mus musculus	6-9
24503541-1	2014	Galectin-1 (Gal-1) belongs to a family of endogenous lectins with conserved carbohydrate recognition domains binding beta-galactosidase sugars and plays a vital role in regulating stem cell functions including determination of cell fate.	Carbohydrates	76-88	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	117-135
24466000-6	2014	Microarray analysis in the absence of any stress showed that deletion of RLM1 in C. albicans significantly down-regulated genes involved in carbohydrate catabolism such as DAK2, GLK4, NHT1 and TPS1, up-regulated genes involved in the utilization of alternative carbon sources, like AGP2, SOU1, SAP6, CIT1 or GAL4, and genes involved in cell adhesion like ECE1, ALS1, ALS3, HWP1 or RBT1.	Carbohydrates	140-152	Rlm1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	73-77
24247980-1	2014	We investigated the phosphorylation signatures of two Rab-GTPase activating proteins TBC1D1 and TBC1D4 in human skeletal muscle in response to physical exercise and physiological insulin levels induced by a carbohydrate rich meal using a paired experimental design.	Carbohydrates	207-219	TBC1 domain family member 4	Homo sapiens	96-102
24599952-3	2014	One of the two functions of AtlA is performed by the N-acetylmuramyl-l-alanine amidase AmiA, which cleaves the bond between the carbohydrate and the peptide moieties of PGN.	Carbohydrates	128-140	AT695_RS13185	Staphylococcus aureus	79-86
24326249-3	2014	We present crystallographic structures of the carbohydrate recognition domain of human galectin-3, both wild type and a mutant (K176L) that influenced ligand affinity, in complex with LNT, LNnT and acetamido ganglioside a-GM3 (alpha2,3-sialyllactose).	Carbohydrates	46-58	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	87-97
24393710-10	2014	This SNP c.589A&gt;G was located in the geneic region that encodes the carbohydrate recognition domain of bovine Dectin-1.	Carbohydrates	71-83	C-type lectin domain containing 7A	Bos taurus	113-121
24256559-0	2014	Mixed lineage kinase 3 deficient mice are protected against the high fat high carbohydrate diet-induced steatohepatitis.	Carbohydrates	78-90	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 11	Mus musculus	0-22
24256559-4	2014	Our aim was to determine if MLK3 deficient mice were protected against high fat high carbohydrate (HFHC) diet-induced NASH.	Carbohydrates	85-97	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 11	Mus musculus	28-32
24097125-6	2014	There are putative regulatory sites in the promoter regions of CLU, which are occupied by transcription factors such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta inhibitory element, activator protein-1, CLU-specific elements, and carbohydrate response element.	Carbohydrates	226-238	clusterin	Homo sapiens	63-66
24868910-6	2014	The lectin blot analysis has helped to reveal changes in the structure of the carbohydrate determinants of erythrocyte membrane glycoproteins under conditions of directed pttg gene inactivation, accompanied by changes in the type of communication, which joins the terminal residue in carbohydrate determinant of glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	78-90	pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1	Mus musculus	171-175
24395506-7	2014	A general trend was found that hydroxyl substitution at C-6, glycosylation at C-6/C-7, and acetylation of the saccharide moiety remarkably suppressed this fragmentation.	Carbohydrates	110-120	complement C6	Homo sapiens	78-81
24297792-9	2014	For FGF19, the ingestion of carbohydrate was associated with the fastest and highest increase of plasma levels, returning to baseline at 5 hours.	Carbohydrates	28-40	fibroblast growth factor 19	Homo sapiens	4-9
24401271-1	2014	The hormone FGF21 regulates carbohydrate and lipid homeostasis as well as body weight, and increasing FGF21 improves metabolic abnormalities associated with obesity and diabetes.	Carbohydrates	28-40	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	12-17
24466345-10	2014	Moreover, this effect was abolished when deglycosylated FLH was used, suggesting that carbohydrates play a crucial role in the innate immune recognition of this protein.	Carbohydrates	86-99	notochord homeobox	Mus musculus	56-59
24447410-5	2014	RESULTS: We show by microarray analysis of the female liver transcriptome that both maternal undernutrition and postnatal leptin treatment independently induce a similar thrifty transcriptional programme affecting carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism and oxidative stress genes.	Carbohydrates	214-226	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	122-128
25036827-7	2014	mSSP-1 is the first prostate secretory protein of the 94 amino acid-family protein with a carbohydrate chain in the Asn37 residue.	Carbohydrates	90-102	RNA binding motif, single stranded interacting protein 1	Mus musculus	0-6
24033478-6	2014	An oral sugar test or in-feed oral glucose tolerance test can be performed to assess insulin responses to dietary carbohydrates, and these tests are now recommended for use in clinical practice.	Carbohydrates	114-127	INS	Equus caballus	85-92
24072585-4	2014	De novo sequencing of PAL using LC-MS/MS, identified 10 tryptic peptides that revealed substantial sequence similarity to the GlcNAc recognizing lectins from Psathyrella velutina (PVL) and Agrocybe aegerita (AAL-II) in both the carbohydrate binding and calcium binding sites.	Carbohydrates	228-240	SHC binding and spindle associated 1	Homo sapiens	22-25
25191586-11	2013	The carbohydrate bolus increased glucose (P &lt; 0 001) and insulin (P &lt; 0 001) incremental AUC0-6 h and tended to increase (P = 0 09) leptin net AUC0-6 h. Cats fed the control and HC diets had greater (P = 0 03) glucose incremental AUC compared with the HF and HP conditions.	Carbohydrates	4-16	insulin	Felis catus	60-67
25191586-11	2013	The carbohydrate bolus increased glucose (P &lt; 0 001) and insulin (P &lt; 0 001) incremental AUC0-6 h and tended to increase (P = 0 09) leptin net AUC0-6 h. Cats fed the control and HC diets had greater (P = 0 03) glucose incremental AUC compared with the HF and HP conditions.	Carbohydrates	4-16	leptin	Felis catus	138-144
23954398-7	2013	Competition studies show that CL-11 binds to nucleic acids and carbohydrates via separate binding-sites and oligomericity appears crucial for binding activity.	Carbohydrates	63-76	collectin subfamily member 11	Homo sapiens	30-35
24089190-3	2013	Detection of ternary CD1a/lipid/TCR interactions enabled development of CD1a tetramers and CD1a multimers with carbohydrate backbones (dextramers), which specifically stained T cells using a mechanism that was dependent on the precise stereochemistry of the peptide backbone and was blocked with a soluble TCR.	Carbohydrates	111-123	CD1a molecule	Homo sapiens	21-25
23900072-3	2013	Substrates dephosphorylated by clinically relevant PTPs extend to phospholipids and phosphorylated carbohydrates as well.	Carbohydrates	99-112	6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase	Homo sapiens	51-55
23452177-7	2013	Examination of diurnal metabolite changes in adg1-1 and sex1 mutants indicates that their altered juvenile phase length may be due to lack of starch turnover, which influences carbohydrate availability.	Carbohydrates	176-188	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	56-60
23850705-4	2013	RESULTS: Cox multivariate analysis disclosed that carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) are associated with prognosis in cervical cancer.	Carbohydrates	50-62	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	76-81
23852824-7	2013	Similarly, the carbohydrate recognition domain of LMAN1 contains distinct and separable binding sites for both MCFD2 and FV/FVIII.	Carbohydrates	15-27	lectin, mannose binding 1	Homo sapiens	50-55
23852824-7	2013	Similarly, the carbohydrate recognition domain of LMAN1 contains distinct and separable binding sites for both MCFD2 and FV/FVIII.	Carbohydrates	15-27	coagulation factor VIII	Homo sapiens	124-129
24033743-0	2013	N-linked glycan profiling of GGTA1/CMAH knockout pigs identifies new potential carbohydrate xenoantigens.	Carbohydrates	79-91	cytidine monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase	Sus scrofa	35-39
23658350-9	2013	Enhanced expressions of the jejunal sodium glucose transporter 1, glucose transporter 2, and aminopeptidase-N mRNA were found at d 16 of incubation in embryos that received carbohydrate solution into the amniotic fluid in comparison with the control group (P &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	173-185	aminopeptidase N	Columba livia	93-109
23449461-7	2013	Therefore, dietary amounts of carbohydrates and fiber, as opposed to protein content or dietary fat, appear to have a very significant impact on postprandial glycemia and subsequent insulin requirement levels in obese cats.	Carbohydrates	30-43	insulin	Felis catus	182-189
23657851-8	2013	Galectin-9, a lectin with two carbohydrate-recognition domains, is also present in the rabbit kidney; galectin-9 partially oligomerized hensin in vitro.	Carbohydrates	30-42	galectin-9	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-10
24269589-0	2014	Peptides derived from human galectin-3 N-terminal tail interact with its carbohydrate recognition domain in a phosphorylation-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	73-85	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	28-38
28952509-4	2017	Conjugation of hydrophobic compounds to saccharides has proven to be promising as increased binding of galectin-3 can be observed.	Carbohydrates	40-51	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	103-113
24269589-2	2014	Structurally, Gal-3 is unique among galectins with its carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) attached to a rather long N-terminal tail composed mostly of collagen-like repeats (nine in the human protein) and terminating in a short non-collagenous terminal peptide sequence unique in this lectin family and not yet fully explored.	Carbohydrates	55-67	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	14-19
23657719-5	2013	Here the biorepulsivity of the middle part of the SAMs as well as specific binding to the carbohydrate termini could be clearly demonstrated.	Carbohydrates	90-102	methionine adenosyltransferase 1A	Homo sapiens	50-54
23776558-7	2013	Nuclear receptor NRIP1 has a pivotal role in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, indicating the need to investigate subsequent effects of NRIP1 on Type 2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	55-67	nuclear receptor interacting protein 1	Homo sapiens	17-22
28344453-1	2017	The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of high-intensity exercise and carbohydrate supplementation (CHO) on plasma visfatin.	Carbohydrates	82-94	nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	127-135
23614772-8	2013	The results suggest almond seed skin contains highly polymerized polyphenols with strong alpha-amylase inhibitory activity, which retard absorption of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	151-163	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: pancreatic alpha-amylase	Sus scrofa	89-102
28230742-6	2017	In line, exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates during the latter 120 min of exercise were 46% +- 8% higher in GLU + FRU or GLU + SUC compared with GLU (1.19 +- 0.12, 1.13 +- 0.21, and 0.82 +- 0.16 g min-1, respectively, p &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	19-31	zinc finger and BTB domain containing 22	Homo sapiens	117-120
23617280-3	2013	A diagnosis of CTLN2 was made by DNA analysis of the SLC25A13 gene and treatment with conservative therapies was begun, including a low-carbohydrate diet and supplementation with arginine and sodium pyruvate.	Carbohydrates	136-148	solute carrier family 25 member 13	Homo sapiens	15-20
27793398-3	2017	SP-A binds to carbohydrates on the surface of pathogens in a calcium-dependent manner to enable neutralisation, agglutination and clearance of pathogens including RSV.	Carbohydrates	14-27	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	0-4
23372041-3	2013	In a genome-wide meta-analysis of a population-based discovery cohort (n = 33 533), rs838133 in FGF21 (19q13.33), rs197273 near TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator (TANK) (2p24.2), and rs10163409 in FTO (16q12.2) were among the top associations (P &lt; 10(-5)) for percentage of total caloric intake from protein and carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	332-344	TRAF family member associated NFKB activator	Homo sapiens	128-178
28138346-4	2017	The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of high carbohydrate diet (68%) on the expression of elongase (Elovl-2, Elovl-5, and Elovl-6) and desaturase ( 5D,  6D, Scd 1, Scd 2) genes and the activity of the enzymes.	Carbohydrates	59-71	ELOVL fatty acid elongase 2	Rattus norvegicus	114-121
23580130-5	2013	Consequently, decreased expression of Indy in fly and worm, and the removal of mIndy in mice exhibit changes associated with calorie restriction, such as decreased levels of lipids, changes in carbohydrate metabolism and increased mitochondrial biogenesis.	Carbohydrates	193-205	solute carrier family 13 (sodium-dependent citrate transporter), member 5	Mus musculus	79-84
28138346-4	2017	The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of high carbohydrate diet (68%) on the expression of elongase (Elovl-2, Elovl-5, and Elovl-6) and desaturase ( 5D,  6D, Scd 1, Scd 2) genes and the activity of the enzymes.	Carbohydrates	59-71	ELOVL fatty acid elongase 5	Rattus norvegicus	123-130
28138346-4	2017	The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of high carbohydrate diet (68%) on the expression of elongase (Elovl-2, Elovl-5, and Elovl-6) and desaturase ( 5D,  6D, Scd 1, Scd 2) genes and the activity of the enzymes.	Carbohydrates	59-71	stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 2	Rattus norvegicus	178-183
29308855-3	2017	In mice with a high-calorie diet, we defined that the blockade of peripheral CB1 receptors prevents obesity, steatosis of the liver, improves lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	152-164	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	Mus musculus	77-80
23555166-14	2013	High intakes of carbohydrate, vitamin B1, and vitamin E may decrease the risk of RUNX3 methylation in gastric cancer tissue, particularly in CagA- or H. pylori-negative infection, with OR of 0.41 (0.19-0.90), 0.42 (0.20-0.89), and 0.29 (0.13-0.62), respectively.	Carbohydrates	16-28	S100 calcium binding protein A8	Homo sapiens	141-145
28003588-13	2016	Our OGTT data suggest excess carbohydrate intake has adverse consequences in patients with citrin deficiency, including hypoglycemia after a few hours.	Carbohydrates	29-41	solute carrier family 25 member 13	Homo sapiens	91-97
23292780-10	2013	This study identifies chromosomal loci associated with netB-positive poultry strains, suggesting that the chromosomal background can confer a selective advantage to NE-causing strains, possibly through mechanisms involving iron acquisition, carbohydrate metabolism, and plasmid maintenance.	Carbohydrates	241-253	netB	Clostridium perfringens	55-59
28123939-0	2017	Global IP6K1 deletion enhances temperature modulated energy expenditure which reduces carbohydrate and fat induced weight gain.	Carbohydrates	86-98	inositol hexaphosphate kinase 1	Mus musculus	7-12
24049657-4	2013	Using the in vitro transwell system, we demonstrated that monocyte migration was potentiated in the presence of galectin-3 plus laminin or fibronectin, but not vitronectin, and was dependent on the carbohydrate recognition domain of the lectin.	Carbohydrates	198-210	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	112-122
27848959-5	2016	Using this methodology the location of a carbohydrate substrate was accurately mapped to the binding cleft of lysozyme, and in a more complex example, the interactions between a 100 kDa, multi-domain deubiquitinating enzyme, USP5 and a diubiquitin substrate were located to different functional domains.	Carbohydrates	41-53	ubiquitin specific peptidase 5	Homo sapiens	225-229
23096348-6	2013	Studies of the inhibitory effect of various carbohydrates on the interactions of ppGalNAc-T2 with MUC1alphaGalNAc indicate that point K521Q mutation enhance the carbohydrate specificity of lectin domain for alphaGalNAc.	Carbohydrates	44-57	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	98-102
23096348-6	2013	Studies of the inhibitory effect of various carbohydrates on the interactions of ppGalNAc-T2 with MUC1alphaGalNAc indicate that point K521Q mutation enhance the carbohydrate specificity of lectin domain for alphaGalNAc.	Carbohydrates	44-56	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	98-102
22998734-0	2013	Chemical modification of carbohydrates in tissue sections may unmask mucin antigens.	Carbohydrates	25-38	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	69-74
27841330-5	2016	Overall meta-analysis identified a significant decrease in HbA1c concentration with carbohydrate counting versus other diabetes diet method or usual diabetes dietary education (SMD: -0.35, 95%CI: -0.65 to -0.05, P = 0.023).	Carbohydrates	84-96	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	59-63
22998734-3	2013	We modified carbohydrates in tissue sections chemically to enhance the binding of monoclonal mucin antibodies and of the lectin, Vicia villosa B4, to human tissue.	Carbohydrates	12-25	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	93-98
24683476-3	2013	Insufficient intake of carbohydrates can cause hypoglycaemia, as the missing glucose-6-phosphatase enzyme cannot free the glucose stored as liver glycogen and nor is gluconeogenesis possible.	Carbohydrates	23-36	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	77-98
27622745-0	2016	Carbohydrate-based peptidomimetics targeting neuropilin-1: Synthesis, molecular docking study and in vitro biological activities.	Carbohydrates	0-12	neuropilin 1	Homo sapiens	45-57
23573304-20	2013	The presence of neutral and acidic carbohydrates in DP suggests that these carbohydrates of mucin are attached to the MUC5AC and MUC6 mucin core proteins.	Carbohydrates	75-88	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	134-139
27669460-8	2016	Moreover, fructose activated ChREBP and induced G6pc in the absence of Foxo1a, indicating that carbohydrate-induced activation of ChREBP and G6PC dominates over the suppressive effects of insulin to enhance glucose production.	Carbohydrates	95-107	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	48-52
27669460-8	2016	Moreover, fructose activated ChREBP and induced G6pc in the absence of Foxo1a, indicating that carbohydrate-induced activation of ChREBP and G6PC dominates over the suppressive effects of insulin to enhance glucose production.	Carbohydrates	95-107	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	141-145
27790218-1	2016	The C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) Mincle, Mcl, and Dectin-2 bind mycobacterial and fungal cell wall glycolipids and carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	117-130	C-type lectin domain family 4, member e	Mus musculus	35-41
23859041-5	2013	DUSP genes interacted with carbohydrates, mutagen index, calories, calcium, vitamin D, lycopene, dietary fats, folic acid, and selenium.	Carbohydrates	27-40	dual specificity phosphatase 5	Homo sapiens	0-4
27693377-2	2016	Although FGF21 is robustly elevated in low-protein environments, increased FGF21 is also seen in various other contexts such as fasting, overfeeding, ketogenic diets, and high-carbohydrate diets, leaving its nutritional context and physiological role unresolved and controversial.	Carbohydrates	176-188	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	75-80
23198686-3	2012	However, immune responses against carbohydrate-based mimics of gp120 have failed to provide immunization against HIV-1 infection, highlighting the need to understand the molecular events that determine immunogenicity better.	Carbohydrates	34-46	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	63-68
23457133-0	2012	A high-carbohydrate diet effects on the A allele of hepatic lipase polymorphism on the apoB100/apoAI ratio in young Chinese males.	Carbohydrates	7-19	lipase C, hepatic type	Homo sapiens	52-66
23457133-2	2012	OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate how a high-carbohydrate (high-CHO) diet interacts with hepatic lipase G-250A promoter polymorphism to affect the ratios of plasma lipids and apolipoproteins (apo) in a young Chinese population.	Carbohydrates	64-76	lipase C, hepatic type	Homo sapiens	108-122
27693377-4	2016	We show that FGF21 was elevated under low protein intakes and maximally when low protein was coupled with high carbohydrate intakes.	Carbohydrates	111-123	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	13-18
22935046-0	2012	A high carbohydrate diet induces the beneficial effect of the CC genotype of hepatic lipase C-514T polymorphism on the apoB100/apoAI ratio only in young Chinese males.	Carbohydrates	7-19	lipase C, hepatic type	Homo sapiens	77-91
27574977-3	2016	This study aimed to investigate how dietary carbohydrates and proteins impact FGF21 production and how in turn, FGF21 is involved in the metabolic adaptation to changes in the carbohydrate and protein contents of the diet.	Carbohydrates	44-57	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	78-83
22935046-2	2012	It was hypothesized that a high carbohydrate (high-CHO) diet could affect the ratios of serum lipids and apolipoproteins (apo) differently in subjects with different genotypes of the C-514T hepatic lipase rs1800588 polymorphism.	Carbohydrates	32-44	lipase C, hepatic type	Homo sapiens	190-204
22910903-2	2012	Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (PDHK2) inhibits the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, thereby regulating entry of carbohydrates into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle.	Carbohydrates	113-126	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2	Homo sapiens	0-31
22910903-2	2012	Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (PDHK2) inhibits the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, thereby regulating entry of carbohydrates into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle.	Carbohydrates	113-126	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2	Homo sapiens	33-38
27574977-3	2016	This study aimed to investigate how dietary carbohydrates and proteins impact FGF21 production and how in turn, FGF21 is involved in the metabolic adaptation to changes in the carbohydrate and protein contents of the diet.	Carbohydrates	44-57	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	112-117
27574977-3	2016	This study aimed to investigate how dietary carbohydrates and proteins impact FGF21 production and how in turn, FGF21 is involved in the metabolic adaptation to changes in the carbohydrate and protein contents of the diet.	Carbohydrates	44-56	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	78-83
27524233-5	2016	Serial deletion and site-directed mutagenesis studies revealed functional carbohydrate response elements (ChoREs) in the mouse and human Elovl6 promoters and gel shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed the binding of ChREBP to the Elovl6-ChoRE sites.	Carbohydrates	74-86	ELOVL fatty acid elongase 6	Homo sapiens	137-143
22083550-4	2012	RESULTS: Analysis of biopsy tissue samples from human stomach revealed that transcripts for the taste-signaling elements, including the receptor T1R3 involved in the reception of amino acids and carbohydrates, the fatty acid receptor GPR120, the G protein gustducin, the effector enzyme PLCbeta2 and the ion channel TRPM5 are present in the human gastric mucosa and led to the visualization of candidate chemosensory cells in the stomach expressing gustatory marker molecules.	Carbohydrates	195-208	taste 1 receptor member 3	Homo sapiens	145-149
27270475-1	2016	CONTEXT: Bile acids regulate lipid and carbohydrate metabolism by interaction with membrane or intracellular proteins including the nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR).	Carbohydrates	39-51	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4	Homo sapiens	162-165
22892388-1	2012	Moderate reduction in the protein content of the mother"s diet calorically compensated by carbohydrates (the so-called "hidden" prenatal malnutrition) leads to increased neocortical expression of the alpha(2C)-adrenoceptor subtype, together with decreased cortical release of noradrenaline and impaired long-term potentiation (LTP) and visuospatial memory performance during the rat postnatal life.	Carbohydrates	90-103	adrenoceptor alpha 2C	Rattus norvegicus	200-222
25782325-5	2014	Results of correlation analysis show that the rate of DM2 development depends in the first place on the patients" age, severity of abdominal obesity, vicious habits and their combination with disturbed lipid metabolism, sympatho-adrenal disbalance , and arterial hypertension rather than on disordered carbohydrate metabolism at the onset of the disease.	Carbohydrates	302-314	immunoglobulin heavy diversity 1-14 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	54-57
27305427-2	2016	We present herein several sulfa-Tn antigens incorporated in MUC1 sequences that possess a variable linker between the carbohydrate (GalNAc) and the peptide backbone.	Carbohydrates	118-130	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	60-64
22893213-1	2012	Galectin-3, a structurally unique beta-galactoside-binding lectin, through the specific protein-protein and protein-carbohydrate interactions participates in numerous biological processes, such as cell proliferation and apoptosis, adhesion and activation.	Carbohydrates	116-128	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
23115702-11	2012	Frequent intake of carbohydrates was associated with elevated HbA1c in women.	Carbohydrates	19-32	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	62-66
26976120-0	2016	Hepatic oleate regulates liver stress response partially through PGC-1alpha during high-carbohydrate feeding.	Carbohydrates	88-100	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	65-75
22760570-11	2012	CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that a diet with a high GL and carbohydrate intake is positively associated with an increased risk of developing ER(-) and ER(-)/PR(-) BC among postmenopausal women.	Carbohydrates	64-76	progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens	162-164
22661717-1	2012	Previous studies have shown that starvation or consumption of a high fat, low carbohydrate (HF-LC) ketogenic diet induces hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) gene expression in part by activating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha).	Carbohydrates	78-90	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	130-157
25326839-0	2014	[Effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on carbohydrate metabolism control].	Carbohydrates	39-51	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	12-26
22661717-1	2012	Previous studies have shown that starvation or consumption of a high fat, low carbohydrate (HF-LC) ketogenic diet induces hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) gene expression in part by activating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha).	Carbohydrates	78-90	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	159-164
27445980-2	2016	To this end, the precise role played by FGF21 in the biology of fasting has been the subject of several recent studies, which have demonstrated contributions to the regulation of both lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	194-206	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	40-45
22450157-0	2012	Galectin-3 endocytosis by carbohydrate independent and dependent pathways in different macrophage like cell types.	Carbohydrates	26-38	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
25117253-4	2014	Carbohydrate-binding ability of MBP, its subcellular localization, and functional co-localization with ligand glycoprotein are assayed comparing with an inactive mutant MBP.	Carbohydrates	0-12	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	32-35
22450157-5	2012	RESULTS: Galectin-3 endocytosis in non-macrophage cells and M2 cells was blocked by lactose and a potent galectin-3 inhibitor TD139, and also by the R186S mutation in the galectin-3 carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD).	Carbohydrates	182-194	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	9-19
29997861-3	2016	Here we synthesize and study a series of tight binding carbohydrate-based inhibitors of human OGA (hOGA).	Carbohydrates	55-67	O-GlcNAcase	Homo sapiens	94-97
22450157-5	2012	RESULTS: Galectin-3 endocytosis in non-macrophage cells and M2 cells was blocked by lactose and a potent galectin-3 inhibitor TD139, and also by the R186S mutation in the galectin-3 carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD).	Carbohydrates	182-194	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	171-181
22450157-7	2012	In all the cell types galectin-3 entered early endosomes within 5-10 min, to be subsequently targeted mainly to non-degradative vesicles, where it remained even after 24 h. CONCLUSIONS: Galectin-3 endocytosis in M1 cells is receptor mediated and carbohydrate independent, while in M2 cells it is CRD mediated, although the non-CRD galectin-3 domain is also involved.	Carbohydrates	246-258	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	22-32
22450157-7	2012	In all the cell types galectin-3 entered early endosomes within 5-10 min, to be subsequently targeted mainly to non-degradative vesicles, where it remained even after 24 h. CONCLUSIONS: Galectin-3 endocytosis in M1 cells is receptor mediated and carbohydrate independent, while in M2 cells it is CRD mediated, although the non-CRD galectin-3 domain is also involved.	Carbohydrates	246-258	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	186-196
22450157-8	2012	General significance The demonstration that galectin-3 endocytosis in M1 macrophages is carbohydrate independent and different from M2 macrophages and non-macrophage cells, suggests novel, immunologically significant interactions between phagocytic cells, galectin-3 and its ligands.	Carbohydrates	88-100	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	44-54
24072613-8	2014	The similar result was also obtained in case of carbohydrate metabolism enzymes; treatment with DIM positively regulates carbohydrate metabolic enzymes by inducing the activity of glucokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and suppressing the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase when compared to I3C, which were also supported by our histopathological observations.	Carbohydrates	121-133	glucokinase	Mus musculus	180-191
24072613-8	2014	The similar result was also obtained in case of carbohydrate metabolism enzymes; treatment with DIM positively regulates carbohydrate metabolic enzymes by inducing the activity of glucokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and suppressing the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase when compared to I3C, which were also supported by our histopathological observations.	Carbohydrates	121-133	glucose-6-phosphatase, catalytic	Mus musculus	262-283
24078031-8	2014	The altered activities of the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism such as hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, and liver marker enzymes (AST, ALT, and ALP), creatine kinase and blood urea nitrogen in serum and blood of diabetic rats were significantly reverted to near normal levels by the administration of eugenol.	Carbohydrates	45-57	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	106-139
29997861-3	2016	Here we synthesize and study a series of tight binding carbohydrate-based inhibitors of human OGA (hOGA).	Carbohydrates	55-67	O-GlcNAcase	Homo sapiens	99-103
26935763-5	2016	The two other known carbohydrate antigenic targets on pig cells for human anti-pig antibodies are (i) the product of the cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) gene, i.e., N-glycolylneuraminic acid, and (ii) the product of the beta1,4 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase gene, i.e., the Sd(a) antigen.	Carbohydrates	20-32	cytidine monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase	Sus scrofa	121-179
24217250-1	2013	Langerin, a C-type lectin on Langerhans cells, mediates carbohydrate-dependent uptake of pathogens in the first step of antigen presentation to the adaptive immune system.	Carbohydrates	56-68	CD207 molecule	Homo sapiens	0-8
24217250-2	2013	Langerin binds a diverse range of carbohydrates including high mannose structures, fucosylated blood group antigens, and glycans with terminal 6-sulfated galactose.	Carbohydrates	34-47	CD207 molecule	Homo sapiens	0-8
22318315-6	2012	High adropin levels were observed in mice fed a high-fat low carbohydrate diet, whereas lower levels were observed in mice fed a low-fat high carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	61-73	energy homeostasis associated	Mus musculus	5-12
22737135-0	2012	Ingestion of Carbohydrate-Rich Supplements during Gestation Programs Insulin and Leptin Resistance but not Body Weight Gain in Adult Rat Offspring.	Carbohydrates	13-25	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	81-87
24325448-0	2013	Retraction of molecular characterization of binding of calcium and carbohydrates by an early activation antigen of lymphocytes CD69.	Carbohydrates	67-80	CD69 molecule	Homo sapiens	127-131
26935763-5	2016	The two other known carbohydrate antigenic targets on pig cells for human anti-pig antibodies are (i) the product of the cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) gene, i.e., N-glycolylneuraminic acid, and (ii) the product of the beta1,4 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase gene, i.e., the Sd(a) antigen.	Carbohydrates	20-32	cytidine monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase	Sus scrofa	181-185
26756179-6	2016	Logistic regression analysis revealed that sHP, serum carcinoembryonic antigen (sCEA) and serum carbohydrate antigen 19.9 (sCA19.9) level were the significant parameters for detecting liver metastasis.	Carbohydrates	96-108	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3	Homo sapiens	123-128
22525354-6	2012	Of significant interest, we identified genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism (adiponectin and Dpp4) and in growth and development (GH, Tgfb (Tgfb2), Wnt4) as potential targets of androgen action via the AR in mineralizing osteoblasts.	Carbohydrates	57-69	wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 4	Mus musculus	153-157
27183571-6	2016	Comparison of the respective paratopes that bind to carbohydrate and protein reveals that stochastic diversity in both CDR3 loops alone almost exclusively accounts for their divergent specificity.	Carbohydrates	52-64	CDR3	Homo sapiens	119-123
22435823-4	2012	In the present paper, I focus on the second topic, summarizing our recent results on the role of conformational entropy in ligand binding to Gal3C (the carbohydrate-recognition domain of galectin-3).	Carbohydrates	152-164	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	187-197
24843559-1	2012	UNLABELLED: Aims/Introduction:  Oral ingestion of carbohydrate triggers secretion of glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1, which inhibits the postprandial rise in blood glucose levels.	Carbohydrates	50-62	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	85-114
24055560-1	2013	The somatotropic axis, or growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH-IGF-1) axis, of fish is involved in numerous physiological process including regulation of ionic and osmotic balance, lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolism, growth, reproduction, immune function and behavior.	Carbohydrates	199-211	insulin-like growth factor 1	Danio rerio	74-79
24843559-2	2012	However, the mechanism of carbohydrate-induced GLP-1 secretion from enteroendocrine L cells remains unclear.	Carbohydrates	26-38	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	47-52
27250970-3	2016	SP-A and SP-D, which are also known as pulmonary collectins, have an important function in the host"s lung immune response; they act as opsonins for different pathogens via a C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain and enhance the attachment to phagocytic cells or show their own microbicidal activity by increasing the cellular membrane permeability.	Carbohydrates	186-198	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	0-4
24843559-9	2012	Carbohydrate retention in the gut lumen induced by acarbose pretreatment extended postprandial GLP-1 secretion and negated the increase in serum ApoB-48 levels.	Carbohydrates	0-12	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	95-100
24843559-11	2012	CONCLUSIONS:   The results indicate that direct stimulation of L cells with sugar, but not sweetener, is required for carbohydrate-induced GLP-1 secretion.	Carbohydrates	118-130	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	139-144
24843559-12	2012	In addition, inhibition of digestion of dietary carbohydrate by alpha-glucosidase inhibitors may prevent postprandial hyperglycemia by increasing GLP-1 secretion and by inhibiting glucose absorption.	Carbohydrates	48-60	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	146-151
22366823-1	2012	BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It has been proposed that glutamate decarboxylase 2 and the dopamine D2 receptor are involved in the brain reward cascade to increase carbohydrate craving and cause eating disorders.	Carbohydrates	161-173	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	87-107
24223944-4	2013	PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Grown at 21  C, mex1-1 plants were much smaller, with fewer leaves, and elevated carbohydrates and amino acids compared to WT.	Carbohydrates	101-114	root cap 1 (RCP1)	Arabidopsis thaliana	36-40
24206164-3	2013	One common molecular feature of most of the alpha-DG ligands is the presence of laminin globular (LG) domains that are likely to interact with some of the carbohydrates protruding from the mucin-like region of alpha-DG.	Carbohydrates	155-168	dystroglycan 1	Homo sapiens	50-52
27250970-5	2016	SP-A and SP-D bind glucan and mannose residues from fungal cell wall, but there is still a lack of information on their binding to other fungal carbohydrate residues.	Carbohydrates	144-156	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	0-4
27038876-7	2016	A significant improvement was observed upon the administration of russelioside B on the activities of the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism (glucokinase, glucose-6-phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and glycogen phosphorylase) in the liver of diabetic rats.	Carbohydrates	121-133	glucokinase	Rattus norvegicus	146-157
24361107-5	2013	Out of 36 mammalian innate receptors with carbohydrate-binding domains, expressed as Fc fusions, only the mouse Kupffer cell receptor (KCR; CLEC4F) bound significantly to the Echinococcus granulosus LL mucins.	Carbohydrates	42-54	C-type lectin domain family 4, member f	Mus musculus	112-133
24361107-5	2013	Out of 36 mammalian innate receptors with carbohydrate-binding domains, expressed as Fc fusions, only the mouse Kupffer cell receptor (KCR; CLEC4F) bound significantly to the Echinococcus granulosus LL mucins.	Carbohydrates	42-54	C-type lectin domain family 4, member f	Mus musculus	135-138
23160381-3	2013	Furthermore, Gal-3 regulates p21 expression at the post-translational level by stabilizing p21 protein via the carbohydrate-recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	111-123	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	13-18
21987372-3	2012	To further investigate this notion, we tested the direct effect of the specific CB1R antagonist, SR141716, on hepatic carbohydrate and lipid metabolism using cultured liver slices.	Carbohydrates	118-130	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	Mus musculus	80-84
27002153-1	2016	FGF21 is an atypical member of the FGF family that functions as a hormone to regulate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	86-98	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	0-5
22210761-10	2012	In addition to alginate biosynthetic and regulatory genes, KinB and RpoN also control a large number of genes including those involved in carbohydrate metabolism, quorum sensing, iron regulation, rhamnolipid production, and motility.	Carbohydrates	138-150	RNA polymerase factor sigma-54	Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1	68-72
24303161-3	2013	It is hypothesized that oral ingestion of essential amino acids (EAA) and carbohydrates (Carb) increases Vps34 activity and mTOR signaling in human skeletal (hVps34) muscle after sprint exercise.	Carbohydrates	74-87	phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3	Homo sapiens	105-110
24303161-3	2013	It is hypothesized that oral ingestion of essential amino acids (EAA) and carbohydrates (Carb) increases Vps34 activity and mTOR signaling in human skeletal (hVps34) muscle after sprint exercise.	Carbohydrates	74-87	phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3	Homo sapiens	158-164
24303161-3	2013	It is hypothesized that oral ingestion of essential amino acids (EAA) and carbohydrates (Carb) increases Vps34 activity and mTOR signaling in human skeletal (hVps34) muscle after sprint exercise.	Carbohydrates	89-93	phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3	Homo sapiens	105-110
24303161-3	2013	It is hypothesized that oral ingestion of essential amino acids (EAA) and carbohydrates (Carb) increases Vps34 activity and mTOR signaling in human skeletal (hVps34) muscle after sprint exercise.	Carbohydrates	89-93	phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3	Homo sapiens	158-164
24062637-9	2013	This would suggest that ghrelin acts on the PVN to promote the intake of carbohydrate rich diets while decreasing fat intake and blockade of ghrelin receptors in the PVN leads to more consumption of foods that are high in fat.	Carbohydrates	73-85	ghrelin	Mus musculus	24-31
22232430-4	2012	METHODS: Gcgr-/- mice were administered a carbohydrate-rich diet starting at 12 months of age.	Carbohydrates	42-54	glucagon receptor	Mus musculus	9-13
22232430-6	2012	RESULTS: Treatment with a carbohydrate-rich diet raised blood glucose levels and improved retinal function in Gcgr-/- mice.	Carbohydrates	26-38	glucagon receptor	Mus musculus	110-114
27002153-1	2016	FGF21 is an atypical member of the FGF family that functions as a hormone to regulate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	86-98	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	0-3
22138257-0	2012	Proteinase 3 carries small unusual carbohydrates and associates with alphalpha-defensins.	Carbohydrates	35-48	proteinase 3	Homo sapiens	0-12
26805937-8	2016	After long-term feeding, fish fed on high-carbohydrate and very high-fat diets had significantly increased preproghrelin, goat and ghs-r1 expression in pituitary.	Carbohydrates	42-54	appetite-regulating hormone	Capra hircus	107-120
22138257-4	2012	The glycosylation of purified, mature PR3 showed some heterogeneity with carbohydrates at Asn 102 and 147 carrying unusual small moieties indicating heavy processing.	Carbohydrates	73-86	proteinase 3	Homo sapiens	38-41
22302876-2	2012	Both FGF15/19 and FGF21 act on multiple tissues to coordinate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in response to nutritional status.	Carbohydrates	62-74	fibroblast growth factor 19	Homo sapiens	5-13
27089335-1	2016	Galectin-3 is a 32- to 35-kDa member of the galectin family of b-galactoside-binding lectins, which is characterized by a carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	122-134	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
22304921-1	2012	Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) is a circulating hepatokine that beneficially affects carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	90-102	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	0-27
22304921-1	2012	Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) is a circulating hepatokine that beneficially affects carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	90-102	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	29-34
23977277-4	2013	Addition of beta-lactose, a competitive carbohydrate inhibitor of galectin-3 binding activity, to the cell culture system, transiently disrupted barrier function.	Carbohydrates	40-52	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	66-76
27186352-0	2016	Carbohydrate-induced secretion of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1.	Carbohydrates	0-12	glucagon	Mus musculus	83-106
23827214-1	2013	Leptin and adiponectin play important roles in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in different species.	Carbohydrates	47-59	leptin	Felis catus	0-6
23827214-1	2013	Leptin and adiponectin play important roles in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in different species.	Carbohydrates	47-59	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Felis catus	11-22
23827214-5	2013	After weight gain, postprandial leptin concentration increased markedly relative to when cats were lean, and the duration of the increase was longer after a mean weight gain of 37% with the low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet group compared with 17% with the high-carbohydrate, low-protein group (P &lt;= 0.01).	Carbohydrates	264-276	leptin	Felis catus	32-38
22196220-1	2012	The oxidation of carbohydrates in mammals is regulated by the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex, which is covalently regulated by four PDH kinases (PDK1-4) and two PDH phosphatases (PDP1-2) unique to the PDH complex.	Carbohydrates	17-30	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Mus musculus	185-189
26769269-7	2016	Carbohydrate moieties associated with the UVJ and SST epithelia differed in their lectin binding patterns.	Carbohydrates	0-12	galectin 3	Gallus gallus	82-88
21880669-0	2012	Novel O-linked glycans containing 6"-sulfo-Gal/GalNAc of MUC1 secreted from human breast cancer YMB-S cells: possible carbohydrate epitopes of KL-6(MUC1) monoclonal antibody.	Carbohydrates	118-130	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	57-61
21880669-0	2012	Novel O-linked glycans containing 6"-sulfo-Gal/GalNAc of MUC1 secreted from human breast cancer YMB-S cells: possible carbohydrate epitopes of KL-6(MUC1) monoclonal antibody.	Carbohydrates	118-130	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	143-147
21880669-0	2012	Novel O-linked glycans containing 6"-sulfo-Gal/GalNAc of MUC1 secreted from human breast cancer YMB-S cells: possible carbohydrate epitopes of KL-6(MUC1) monoclonal antibody.	Carbohydrates	118-130	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	148-152
21880669-3	2012	In this study, we determined the carbohydrate structures of KL-6/MUC1 to search the carbohydrate epitopes for KL-6/mAb.	Carbohydrates	33-45	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	60-64
21880669-3	2012	In this study, we determined the carbohydrate structures of KL-6/MUC1 to search the carbohydrate epitopes for KL-6/mAb.	Carbohydrates	33-45	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	65-69
23707200-5	2013	Cat S cleaved efficiently and specifically SP-A within critical residues of the solvent-exposed loop of its carbohydrate recognition (C-type lectin) domain that allows binding to pathogens.	Carbohydrates	108-120	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	43-47
24417139-6	2013	CONCLUSION: Yield and content of carbohydrate from raw Paeoniae Radix Alba and stir-baked Paeoniae Radix Alba by water extraction-ethanol precipitation are a little higher than that by water extraction-acetone precipitation, but monosaccharide compositions are almost the same.	Carbohydrates	33-45	afamin	Homo sapiens	70-74
21880669-3	2012	In this study, we determined the carbohydrate structures of KL-6/MUC1 to search the carbohydrate epitopes for KL-6/mAb.	Carbohydrates	84-96	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	60-64
21880669-3	2012	In this study, we determined the carbohydrate structures of KL-6/MUC1 to search the carbohydrate epitopes for KL-6/mAb.	Carbohydrates	84-96	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	65-69
26949374-16	2016	Furthermore, the sensitivity to Endo H identified the presence of two types of carbohydrate moieties, depending on the tissue in which the LCN2 was produced.	Carbohydrates	79-91	lipocalin 2	Mus musculus	139-143
21880669-3	2012	In this study, we determined the carbohydrate structures of KL-6/MUC1 to search the carbohydrate epitopes for KL-6/mAb.	Carbohydrates	84-96	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	110-118
21429727-2	2012	This study has assessed whether chia seeds attenuated the metabolic, cardiovascular and hepatic signs of a high-carbohydrate, high-fat (H) diet [carbohydrates, 52% (wt/wt); fat, 24% (wt/wt) with 25% (wt/vol) fructose in drinking water] in rats.	Carbohydrates	112-124	chitinase, acidic	Rattus norvegicus	32-36
21429727-2	2012	This study has assessed whether chia seeds attenuated the metabolic, cardiovascular and hepatic signs of a high-carbohydrate, high-fat (H) diet [carbohydrates, 52% (wt/wt); fat, 24% (wt/wt) with 25% (wt/vol) fructose in drinking water] in rats.	Carbohydrates	145-158	chitinase, acidic	Rattus norvegicus	32-36
23680647-5	2013	Additionally, the acarbose-presenting SPR surfaces could be used as a glucoamylase sensor that allowed rapid, label-free affinity screening of small carbohydrate-based inhibitors in solution, which is otherwise difficult with immobilized enzymes or other proteins.	Carbohydrates	149-161	sepiapterin reductase	Homo sapiens	38-41
23616464-2	2013	The result of the action of C2GnT is the core 2 structure that is essential for the further elongation of the carbohydrate chains of O-glycans.	Carbohydrates	110-122	glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 1	Homo sapiens	28-33
26903998-7	2016	In contrast, the maltose, galactose, sucrose, and fructose regulons, as well as a novel global LacI-family regulator that is predicted to control the central carbohydrate metabolism and arabinose catabolism genes, are universally present in all 10 studied bifidobacteria.	Carbohydrates	158-170	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Homo sapiens	95-99
23557643-12	2013	Recent data also imply a role of ghrelin in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	44-56	ghrelin	Oncorhynchus mykiss	33-40
22111949-0	2012	The carbohydrate-binding site in galectin-3 is preorganized to recognize a sugarlike framework of oxygens: ultra-high-resolution structures and water dynamics.	Carbohydrates	4-16	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	33-43
22111949-3	2012	Here we report the high- to ultra-high-resolution crystal structures of the carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-3 (Gal3C) in the ligand-free state (1.08 A at 100 K, 1.25 A at 298 K) and in complex with lactose (0.86 A) or glycerol (0.9 A).	Carbohydrates	76-88	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	111-121
26447186-9	2016	Moreover, we showed that the carbohydrate-binding activity of galectin-3 was important for the regulation of EGFR activation, Sox2 expression and sphere formation.	Carbohydrates	29-41	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	62-72
23415393-8	2013	This review focuses on the influence that the carbohydrate, fat, and protein components of a meal may have on the GLP-1 postprandial responses.	Carbohydrates	46-58	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	114-119
26654352-4	2016	In the liver, FGF21 plays an important role in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation both in the fasted state and in mice consuming a high-fat, low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet.	Carbohydrates	149-161	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	14-19
23453307-3	2013	The altered activities of the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism such as hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase in liver of diabetic rats were significantly reverted to near normal levels by the administration of green tea extract.	Carbohydrates	45-57	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	181-214
23500721-7	2013	The carbohydrate inhibition assay was carried out to determine the carbohydrate-binding property indicating PTA-N bound to specific sugars.	Carbohydrates	4-16	pre T cell antigen receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	108-111
23500721-7	2013	The carbohydrate inhibition assay was carried out to determine the carbohydrate-binding property indicating PTA-N bound to specific sugars.	Carbohydrates	67-79	pre T cell antigen receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	108-111
23347038-7	2013	The present study also shows that some of the biological activities of M6P/IGF2R in SCC-VII cells strongly depend on a functional M6P-binding site within domain 3, thus providing further evidence for the non-redundant cellular functions of the individual carbohydrate-binding domains of the receptor.	Carbohydrates	255-267	insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor	Mus musculus	71-80
23298225-9	2013	In the present review, we discuss the role of AMPK in adipose tissue, focussing on the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, adipogenesis and pro-inflammatory pathways in physiological and pathophysiological conditions.	Carbohydrates	101-113	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	46-50
23313268-12	2013	In the lumen, active apelin regulates carbohydrate flux through enterocytes by promoting AMPKalpha2 phosphorylation and modifying the ratio of SGLT-1:GLUT2.	Carbohydrates	38-50	apelin	Mus musculus	21-27
22789560-2	2013	The present in vitro study aimed to investigate the opsonizing properties of a well characterized serum ficolin (rat ficolin-A), a member of carbohydrate-recognition molecules of the innate immune system, in the defence against this fungal pathogen.	Carbohydrates	141-153	ficolin A	Rattus norvegicus	117-126
22789560-8	2013	We conclude that ficolin-A binds acapsular C. neoformans via their carbohydrate recognizing fibrinogen-like domains leading to enhanced uptake by lung epithelial cells in vitro.	Carbohydrates	67-79	ficolin A	Rattus norvegicus	17-26
23825980-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Nesfatin-1 is a protein derived from a precursor molecule of the nucleobindin-2 gene, and acts as an anorexigenic peptide on food intake behavior, and its level isinfluenced by nutritional status, food composition [fat and carbohydrate (CHO)], and physical exercise.	Carbohydrates	235-247	nucleobindin 2	Rattus norvegicus	12-22
23419240-7	2013	Enriched among the most variably expressed genes from the entire data set were molecules regulating mitochondrial metabolism of carbohydrate (PDK4), fat (UCP3), protein (AGXT2L1) and high energy phosphate (CKMT2).	Carbohydrates	128-140	creatine kinase, mitochondrial 2	Bos taurus	206-211
23205607-1	2013	FGF19 (fibroblast growth factor 19), expressed in the small intestine, acts as an enterohepatic hormone by mediating inhibitory effects on the bile acid synthetic pathway and regulating carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	186-198	fibroblast growth factor 19	Homo sapiens	0-5
23205607-1	2013	FGF19 (fibroblast growth factor 19), expressed in the small intestine, acts as an enterohepatic hormone by mediating inhibitory effects on the bile acid synthetic pathway and regulating carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	186-198	fibroblast growth factor 19	Homo sapiens	7-34
23646466-9	2013	Genes related to carbohydrate metabolism included PPP1R3C, B3GNT1, and GCNT1, manifested as decreased glycogen and glycan syntheses.	Carbohydrates	17-29	glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 1	Homo sapiens	71-76
23520550-5	2013	Suppression of Txnip by lipopolysaccharide is accompanied by a decrease of the glucose sensing transcription factor MondoA in the nuclei and dissociation of the MondoA:Mlx complex that bound to the carbohydrate-response elements in the Txnip promoter in unstimulated cells.	Carbohydrates	198-210	MLX interacting protein	Homo sapiens	161-167
23574804-4	2013	The carbohydrate moiety of sulfatide and seminolipid is biosynthesized via sequential reactions catalyzed by common enzymes: ceramide galactosyltransferase (CGT) and cerebroside sulfotransferase (CST).	Carbohydrates	4-16	galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase 1	Mus musculus	166-194
23574804-4	2013	The carbohydrate moiety of sulfatide and seminolipid is biosynthesized via sequential reactions catalyzed by common enzymes: ceramide galactosyltransferase (CGT) and cerebroside sulfotransferase (CST).	Carbohydrates	4-16	galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase 1	Mus musculus	196-199
23959622-1	2013	Nutrition-induced laminitis is often caused by i) fermentation of large amounts of carbohydrates in the hindgut (usually fructans from grass or starch from cereals), which cause the release and absorption of microbial toxins and ii) insulin resistance induced by being overweight (equine metabolic syndrome).	Carbohydrates	83-96	INS	Equus caballus	233-240
22206043-1	2012	The term human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) refers to a group of 5 molecules, each sharing the common amino acid sequence but each differing in meric structure and carbohydrate side chain structure.	Carbohydrates	164-176	hypertrichosis 2 (generalised, congenital)	Homo sapiens	39-42
23132587-0	2012	Macrophage recognition of thiol-group oxidized cells: recognition of carbohydrate chains by macrophage surface nucleolin as apoptotic cells.	Carbohydrates	69-81	nucleolin	Homo sapiens	111-120
22474578-11	2012	As compared with MetS-, MetS+ patients show a greater hypertriglyceridemic and hyperinsulinemic response to a regular lunch whatever the carbohydrate or fat content of the meal.	Carbohydrates	137-149	ETS variant transcription factor 3	Homo sapiens	24-28
27812975-0	2016	Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism, Lipid Metabolism, and Protein Metabolism by AMPK.	Carbohydrates	14-26	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	83-87
23516850-1	2012	The aim of this work was to estimate the relative risk (RR) of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and cardiovascular diseases, total and cardiovascular mortality in patients with disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism revealed in the prospective study carried out in 2009 that included patients found to have disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism in 2006.	Carbohydrates	191-203	immunoglobulin heavy diversity 1-14 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	89-92
23516850-1	2012	The aim of this work was to estimate the relative risk (RR) of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and cardiovascular diseases, total and cardiovascular mortality in patients with disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism revealed in the prospective study carried out in 2009 that included patients found to have disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism in 2006.	Carbohydrates	322-334	immunoglobulin heavy diversity 1-14 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	89-92
27812975-1	2016	This chapter summarizes AMPK function in the regulation of substrate and energy metabolism with the main emphasis on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, protein turnover, mitochondrial biogenesis, and whole-body energy homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	117-129	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	24-28
27723069-3	2016	Adropin is a hormone promoting carbohydrate oxidation over fat oxidation, and influence nitric oxide synthase.	Carbohydrates	31-43	energy homeostasis associated	Homo sapiens	0-7
26453307-1	2016	MTORC2-AKT is a key regulator of carbohydrate metabolism and insulin signaling due to its effects on FOXO1 phosphorylation.	Carbohydrates	33-45	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 2	Mus musculus	0-6
26553608-4	2016	Here, we analyzed for first time the changes in the maximal activity of key enzymes related to fatty acid (Carnitine palmitoyltransferase and beta-Hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase) and carbohydrate (Pyruvate kinase, Phosphofructokinase and Lactate dehydrogenase) catabolism, as well as mitochondrial oxidative capacity (Citrate synthase), in six organs of torpid, arousing and euthermic Chilean mouse-opossums (Thylamys elegans).	Carbohydrates	182-194	citrate synthase	Mus musculus	317-333
26122626-4	2016	As association with lipid rafts influences the intracellular transport and the enzyme activities of sucrase-isomaltase and maltase-glucoamylase, these data explain reduced carbohydrate digestion in the intestinal lumen and delineate the effect of deficient cholesterol and sphingolipid homeostasis in development of gastrointestinal symptoms in NPC patients.	Carbohydrates	172-184	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	123-143
23516850-3	2012	RR of DM2 was significantly increased in association with practically all early disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	96-108	immunoglobulin heavy diversity 1-14 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	6-9
22180206-3	2011	Synthetic glycopeptides from the human mucin-1 (MUC-1) tandem repeat region containing a range of O-linked, tumour-associated carbohydrate antigens, namely Tn, T and sialyl T, with different glycosylation site occupancies and an increasing number of tandem repeats were studied.	Carbohydrates	126-138	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	39-46
22180206-3	2011	Synthetic glycopeptides from the human mucin-1 (MUC-1) tandem repeat region containing a range of O-linked, tumour-associated carbohydrate antigens, namely Tn, T and sialyl T, with different glycosylation site occupancies and an increasing number of tandem repeats were studied.	Carbohydrates	126-138	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	48-53
21901559-7	2011	Significant correlation was found between the GCC expressions and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) levels (p = 0.0041) in 30 patients with regression before chemotherapy.	Carbohydrates	66-78	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	46-49
21787891-7	2011	We furthermore confirm the involvement of Tyk2 in the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism at the level of metabolites.	Carbohydrates	78-90	tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	42-46
21429503-13	2011	Laminitis induced experimentally with insulin or OF results in comparable lengthening and narrowing of the SELs and elongation of the axial end of the PELs at 48 h. Immunolocalization of calprotectin indicated that hyperinsulinaemia induces less leucocyte emigration than carbohydrate overload at 48 h. The microscopical lesion of laminitis is similar, but not identical in different forms of the disease.	Carbohydrates	272-284	INS	Equus caballus	38-45
21817852-9	2011	Our results suggest that the stimulation of insulin- signaling pathway of Akt-FOXO1 and SHP expression may regulate cholesterol/bile acid metabolisms in liver, linking carbohydrate and cholesterol metabolic pathways.	Carbohydrates	168-180	forkhead box O1	Rattus norvegicus	78-83
21816145-6	2011	The altered activities of key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism such as hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase in liver and kidney tissues of diabetic rats were significantly (P&lt;0.05) reverted to near normalcy by the administration of fisetin.	Carbohydrates	41-53	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	177-210
21945438-5	2011	Despite the high sequence identity between the EUL domains in EEA and ArathEULS3, both domains recognize different carbohydrate structures.	Carbohydrates	115-127	hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	70-80
21851094-4	2011	In this paper, we describe the development of a new class of carbohydrate-based small molecule CA inhibitors, many of which inhibit CA IX and XII within a narrow range of low nanomolar K(i) values (5.3-11.2 nM).	Carbohydrates	61-73	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	132-137
21851094-5	2011	We evaluate for the first time carbohydrate-based CA inhibitors in cell-based models that emulate the protective role of CA IX in an acidic tumor microenvironment.	Carbohydrates	31-43	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	121-126
21852673-9	2011	In addition, intracellular accumulation of GLUT2 with early endosome antigen 1 (EEA1) was associated with reduced MGAT4a activity (glycosylation) in 39% of obese subjects on a low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet.	Carbohydrates	180-192	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 2	Mus musculus	43-48
21852673-10	2011	Mice on a low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet for 12 months also exhibited endosomal GLUT2 accumulation and reduced glucose absorption.	Carbohydrates	14-26	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 2	Mus musculus	80-85
21641586-1	2011	This work reveals new structural relationships in the complex process of the interaction between activation receptors of natural killer cells (rat NKR-P1, human CD69) and novel bivalent carbohydrate glycomimetics.	Carbohydrates	186-198	CD69 molecule	Homo sapiens	161-165
21763266-6	2011	Trimannose cap carbohydrates from ManLAM and LPG altered the production of proinflammatory cytokines via a toll-like receptor (TLR2)-mediated mechanism in vitro and in vivo.	Carbohydrates	15-28	toll-like receptor 2	Mus musculus	127-131
21799112-2	2011	This antiviral activity is attributed to two homologous carbohydrate binding sites that specifically bind high mannose glycosylation present on envelope glycoproteins such as HIV-1 gp120.	Carbohydrates	56-68	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	181-186
23045346-1	2012	We previously reported that statin myopathy is associated with impaired carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation in fast-twitch rodent skeletal muscle, which we hypothesised occurred as a result of forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) mediated upregulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 (PDK4) gene transcription.	Carbohydrates	72-84	forkhead box O1	Rattus norvegicus	186-209
23045346-1	2012	We previously reported that statin myopathy is associated with impaired carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation in fast-twitch rodent skeletal muscle, which we hypothesised occurred as a result of forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) mediated upregulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 (PDK4) gene transcription.	Carbohydrates	72-84	forkhead box O1	Rattus norvegicus	211-216
23447881-5	2012	RESULTS: Equine colostral carbohydrates significantly reduced LPS-induced TNF-alpha protein at both times measured and significantly reduced LPS-induced TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-10 mRNA expression by PBMCs.	Carbohydrates	26-39	interleukin 10	Equus caballus	173-178
23065155-3	2012	While gal-3 can localize to intracellular sites, gal-3 is secreted by DLBCL cells and binds back to the cell surface in a carbohydrate-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	122-134	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	49-54
22869588-8	2012	Binding of Nrf2 to ARE also suppressed the binding of MondoA to the carbohydrate response element with or without high glucose.	Carbohydrates	68-80	MLX interacting protein	Homo sapiens	54-60
22841164-8	2012	MUC1 bound and internalised, in a dose-dependent manner, the carbohydrate recognition domain of MR, increasing the decoy IL-1 receptor type II and decreasing IL-15 expression in CD14(+) cells.	Carbohydrates	61-73	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	0-4
22841164-8	2012	MUC1 bound and internalised, in a dose-dependent manner, the carbohydrate recognition domain of MR, increasing the decoy IL-1 receptor type II and decreasing IL-15 expression in CD14(+) cells.	Carbohydrates	61-73	CD14 molecule	Homo sapiens	178-182
22824424-3	2012	MSP antisense plants exhibited both higher tuberization frequency and higher tuber yield with increased total soluble carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	118-131	oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 1, chloroplastic	Solanum tuberosum	0-3
22730328-7	2012	Microarray analysis revealed that OGA silencing altered the expression of about 1300 genes, mostly involved in cell movement and growth, and specifically affected metabolic pathways of lipids and carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	196-209	O-GlcNAcase	Homo sapiens	34-37
22364273-2	2012	Here we detected an increase in beta-glucuronidase activity in faecal samples from obese volunteers following a high-protein moderate carbohydrate weight-loss diet, compared with a weight maintenance diet, but little or no changes were observed when the type of fermentable carbohydrate was varied.	Carbohydrates	134-146	glucuronidase beta	Homo sapiens	32-50
22529110-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Hyperglycosylated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG-h) contains larger and more complex carbohydrate chains than regular human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).	Carbohydrates	100-112	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	60-63
22337866-6	2012	In addition, exercise increased expression of the orphan nuclear hormone receptor NR4A3, which regulates metabolic functions associated with lipid, carbohydrate and energy homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	148-160	nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3	Sus scrofa	82-87
22566064-4	2012	This review introduces some of the key interactions between fermentable carbohydrates, commensal bacteria, and intestinal cells which influence mucin production.	Carbohydrates	72-85	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	144-149
25089189-2	2012	An alternative "low-carbohydrate" (Low-Carb) approach, although originally dismissed and even vilified, was comparatively tested in a series of studies over the past decade, and has been found in general to be as effective, if not more, as the Low-Fat approach for weight loss and for several related metabolic health measures.	Carbohydrates	20-32	syntaxin 8	Homo sapiens	39-43
22480907-4	2012	Bioinformatics analyses determined that several metabolic pathways related to glycolysis, glucose transport and cell signaling were highly represented and differentially regulated in the presence of PMI 5011 indicating that this extract affects several pathways modulating carbohydrate metabolism, including translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane.	Carbohydrates	273-285	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Homo sapiens	325-330
21792899-7	2012	TLR3 rs3775292 interacted with dietary carbohydrates to alter colon cancer risk and with dietary carbohydrates and saturated fat to alter rectal cancer risk (adjusted p = 0.064, 0.0035 and 0.025, respectively).	Carbohydrates	39-52	toll like receptor 3	Homo sapiens	0-4
22431632-6	2012	Comparisons to previously determined structures of 3-OST-3 reveal unique binding modes used by the different isoforms of 3-OST for distinguishing the fine structures of saccharide substrates.	Carbohydrates	169-179	heparan sulfate-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase 1	Homo sapiens	51-56
22431632-6	2012	Comparisons to previously determined structures of 3-OST-3 reveal unique binding modes used by the different isoforms of 3-OST for distinguishing the fine structures of saccharide substrates.	Carbohydrates	169-179	heparan sulfate-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase 1	Homo sapiens	121-126
22431632-7	2012	Our data demonstrate that the saccharide substrates display distinct conformations when interacting with the different 3-OST isoforms.	Carbohydrates	30-40	heparan sulfate-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase 1	Homo sapiens	119-124
21763278-6	2011	Glycosidases and glycosylation inhibitors were used to examine carbohydrates on pro-BNP.	Carbohydrates	63-76	natriuretic peptide B	Homo sapiens	84-87
21821901-1	2011	Thyroid hormone responsive protein (Thrsp, also known as Spot 14 and S14) is a carbohydrate-inducible and thyroid-hormone-inducible nuclear protein specific to liver, adipose and lactating mammary tissues.	Carbohydrates	79-91	thyroid hormone responsive	Homo sapiens	0-34
21821901-1	2011	Thyroid hormone responsive protein (Thrsp, also known as Spot 14 and S14) is a carbohydrate-inducible and thyroid-hormone-inducible nuclear protein specific to liver, adipose and lactating mammary tissues.	Carbohydrates	79-91	thyroid hormone responsive	Homo sapiens	36-41
21821901-1	2011	Thyroid hormone responsive protein (Thrsp, also known as Spot 14 and S14) is a carbohydrate-inducible and thyroid-hormone-inducible nuclear protein specific to liver, adipose and lactating mammary tissues.	Carbohydrates	79-91	thyroid hormone responsive	Homo sapiens	57-64
21821901-1	2011	Thyroid hormone responsive protein (Thrsp, also known as Spot 14 and S14) is a carbohydrate-inducible and thyroid-hormone-inducible nuclear protein specific to liver, adipose and lactating mammary tissues.	Carbohydrates	79-91	thyroid hormone responsive	Homo sapiens	69-72
27487514-1	2016	Carbohydrate is an important source of energy, which can significantly affect postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels in cats.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Felis catus	109-116
21596918-8	2011	These data suggest that with higher muscle aerobic capacity (CS activity) there is a greater capacity for carbohydrate oxidation (E1alpha), in concert with higher potential for PDH activation (PDP activity).	Carbohydrates	106-118	citrate synthase	Homo sapiens	61-63
27487514-8	2016	As such, different carbohydrate sources appear to have a very significant impact on post-prandial glycemia and subsequent insulin requirement levels in obese cats.	Carbohydrates	19-31	insulin	Felis catus	122-129
21440555-0	2011	Gold nanoparticles coated with oligomannosides of HIV-1 glycoprotein gp120 mimic the carbohydrate epitope of antibody 2G12.	Carbohydrates	85-97	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	69-74
26671069-6	2015	Specifically, AM251 blocked high-carbohydrate diet (HCD)-induced expression of GPI, TPI, Eno3 and LDHa, suggesting a down-regulation of glucose/pyruvate/lactate pathways under glucose availability.	Carbohydrates	33-45	lactate dehydrogenase A	Rattus norvegicus	98-102
21700223-2	2011	In this study, we provide in vitro evidence that a complex of the yeast protein disulfide isomerase Pdi1p and the mannosidase Htm1p processes Man(8)GlcNAc(2) carbohydrates bound to unfolded proteins, yielding Man(7)GlcNAc(2).	Carbohydrates	158-171	protein disulfide isomerase PDI1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	100-105
25534879-6	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative carbohydrate supplementation was found to ameliorate postoperative insulin sensitivity by reducing muscle inflammatory responses and improved insulin inhibition of FOXO1-mediated PDK4 mRNA and protein expression after surgery.	Carbohydrates	26-38	insulin	Sus scrofa	93-100
21471192-9	2011	In addition to demonstrating that HIV-1 can be inhibited through monovalent interactions, given the similarity of the carbohydrate-binding site common to MVN and CVN, these data suggest that gp120 behaves as a clustered glycan epitope and that multivalent-protein interactions achievable with CVN but not MVN are required for inhibition of some viruses.	Carbohydrates	118-130	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	191-196
26581652-2	2015	Therefore, we assessed the association between carbohydrates from starchy foods (Carb-S) intakes and the metabolic disorders of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and hyperlipidemia.	Carbohydrates	47-60	syntaxin 8	Homo sapiens	81-85
21641554-7	2011	These results demonstrate that FGF15/19 works subsequent to insulin as a postprandial regulator of hepatic carbohydrate homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	107-119	fibroblast growth factor 19	Homo sapiens	31-39
26556271-4	2015	Experiments in which mucin glycans were presented simultaneously with other carbohydrates show that degradation of these host carbohydrates is consistently repressed in the presence of alternative substrates, even by B. thetaiotaomicron previously acclimated to growth in pure mucin glycans.	Carbohydrates	126-139	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	21-26
21300018-3	2011	HbA1c is separated from HbA0 due to specific interactions of borate anions with the cis-diol pattern in the saccharide moiety of glycohemoglobin.	Carbohydrates	108-118	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
20385098-5	2011	These findings indicate that modification of a residue(s) in the carbohydrate binding region may have a profound effect on the structural and functional properties of the P-domain and consequently on association of calnexin with the folding enzyme ERp57.	Carbohydrates	65-77	calnexin	Homo sapiens	215-223
26556271-4	2015	Experiments in which mucin glycans were presented simultaneously with other carbohydrates show that degradation of these host carbohydrates is consistently repressed in the presence of alternative substrates, even by B. thetaiotaomicron previously acclimated to growth in pure mucin glycans.	Carbohydrates	126-139	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	277-282
26556271-5	2015	Experiments with media containing systematically varied carbohydrate cues and genetic mutants reveal that transcriptional repression of genes involved in mucin glycan metabolism is imposed by simple sugars and, in one example that was tested, is mediated through a small intergenic region in a transcript-autonomous fashion.	Carbohydrates	56-68	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	154-159
25470626-12	2015	Also, there was a significant positive relationship between carbohydrate intake and serum visfatin level in women participating to this study (p=0.018, r=0.257).	Carbohydrates	60-72	nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	90-98
21470317-8	2011	The lower blood glucose levels may involve alterations in insulin sensitivity as revealed by glucose tolerance tests and respiratory quotient measurements that showed a preference of obese GPR39(-/-) mice for the use of carbohydrates as metabolic fuel.	Carbohydrates	220-233	G protein-coupled receptor 39	Mus musculus	189-194
25470626-15	2015	Meanwhile this study demonstrated a positive relationship between serum levels of visfatin with dietary intake of carbohydrate, but no relationship between serum level of visfatin and vaspin in women participating in this study.	Carbohydrates	114-126	nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	82-90
21549685-8	2011	We then defined a glucose response element (GlRE) of the clusterin gene, showing that it consists of two E-box motifs separated by five nucleotides and resembles carbohydrate response element (ChoRE).	Carbohydrates	162-174	clusterin	Homo sapiens	57-66
25956382-2	2015	Conjugation of carbohydrate units, including lactose (Lac), glucose (GS), and galactose (Gal) to LHRH peptide protected the peptide from proteolytic degradation and increased the peptides" half-lives in human plasma, rat kidney membrane enzymes, and liver homogenate markedly.	Carbohydrates	15-27	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Homo sapiens	97-101
21809649-7	2011	CONCLUSION: Innate masked C4 deficiency interfere with the normal immune defense of organism against chlamydia infection, and antigen carbohydrate pathogenicity may possibly be more significant for the development of immune response to which C4B isotype activity is necessary.	Carbohydrates	134-146	complement C4B (Chido blood group)	Homo sapiens	242-245
25545403-1	2015	Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations are increased for 12-24 h in healthy cats following moderate- to high-carbohydrate meals.	Carbohydrates	112-124	insulin	Felis catus	19-26
21310828-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Fat and protein sources may influence whether low-carbohydrate diets are associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D).	Carbohydrates	62-74	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	12-15
25956678-1	2015	AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a conserved heterotrimeric kinase, serves as an energy sensor maintaining energy balance at both cellular and whole-body levels and plays multiple beneficial roles in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, which makes AMPK an attractive target for diabetes and other metabolic disorders.	Carbohydrates	204-216	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	0-28
21094672-0	2011	Negative regulation of RPE cell attachment by carbohydrate-dependent cell surface binding of galectin-3 and inhibition of the ERK-MAPK pathway.	Carbohydrates	46-58	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	93-103
21094672-8	2011	Galectin-3 bound to the cell surface, and, as determined by the use of the competing sugar beta-lactose, galectin-3-mediated effects were dependent on carbohydrate binding.	Carbohydrates	151-163	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
25956678-1	2015	AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a conserved heterotrimeric kinase, serves as an energy sensor maintaining energy balance at both cellular and whole-body levels and plays multiple beneficial roles in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, which makes AMPK an attractive target for diabetes and other metabolic disorders.	Carbohydrates	204-216	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	30-34
21094672-8	2011	Galectin-3 bound to the cell surface, and, as determined by the use of the competing sugar beta-lactose, galectin-3-mediated effects were dependent on carbohydrate binding.	Carbohydrates	151-163	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	105-115
25956678-1	2015	AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a conserved heterotrimeric kinase, serves as an energy sensor maintaining energy balance at both cellular and whole-body levels and plays multiple beneficial roles in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, which makes AMPK an attractive target for diabetes and other metabolic disorders.	Carbohydrates	204-216	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	251-255
26222427-6	2015	Using Ts4 immunoprecipitation combined with liquid chromatography and multiple-stage mass spectrometry, the candidate carbohydrate structure in the Ts4-epitope is proposed to be N-linked fucosylated agalacto-biantennary with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or with N-acetylgalactosamine-GlcNAc motif.	Carbohydrates	118-130	Trichinella spiralis resistance 4	Mus musculus	6-9
21167898-5	2011	Results obtained by SPR demonstrated that the oligosaccharide side chains of DMBT1 are recognized by the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of galectin 3 and modification in the pattern of oligosaccharides modulates the binding parameters of DMBT1 with galectin 3.	Carbohydrates	105-117	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	146-156
21167898-5	2011	Results obtained by SPR demonstrated that the oligosaccharide side chains of DMBT1 are recognized by the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of galectin 3 and modification in the pattern of oligosaccharides modulates the binding parameters of DMBT1 with galectin 3.	Carbohydrates	105-117	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	256-266
22149742-2	2012	It first investigates the molecule hCG and shows that the term represents five independent molecules differing in carbohydrate and meric structure that share a common amino acid sequence.	Carbohydrates	114-126	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	35-38
26222427-6	2015	Using Ts4 immunoprecipitation combined with liquid chromatography and multiple-stage mass spectrometry, the candidate carbohydrate structure in the Ts4-epitope is proposed to be N-linked fucosylated agalacto-biantennary with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or with N-acetylgalactosamine-GlcNAc motif.	Carbohydrates	118-130	Trichinella spiralis resistance 4	Mus musculus	148-151
21143167-7	2011	PPARgamma plays an important role in regulating carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and ligands for PPARgamma can improve insulin sensitivity and reduce triglyceride levels.	Carbohydrates	48-60	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	0-9
21143167-7	2011	PPARgamma plays an important role in regulating carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and ligands for PPARgamma can improve insulin sensitivity and reduce triglyceride levels.	Carbohydrates	48-60	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	99-108
26122875-2	2015	OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of the disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism in the recurrence of idiopathic BPPV.	Carbohydrates	59-71	benign paroxysmal positional vertigo	Homo sapiens	115-119
26122875-11	2015	However, few studies discuss the relationship between idiopathic BPPV and alterations in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	89-101	benign paroxysmal positional vertigo	Homo sapiens	65-69
20672323-2	2011	Galectin-3 function is regulated by proteolytic cleavage that destroys galectin-3 multivalency while preserving carbohydrate-binding activity.	Carbohydrates	112-124	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
22235911-7	2012	RU ratios &gt; 100 were measured when PF4 was pre-incubated with OS with &gt;= 10 saccharide units and one octasaccharide containing 10 sulfate groups.	Carbohydrates	82-92	platelet factor 4	Homo sapiens	38-41
25907074-2	2015	To support proliferation and survival under stress, two interacting complexes that harbor mTOR, mTORC1 and mTORC2, promote the transcription of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and lipogenesis, enhance protein translation, and inhibit autophagy.	Carbohydrates	162-174	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	96-102
22232548-1	2012	Galectin-3 is a chimeric carbohydrate-binding protein, which interacts with cell surface carbohydrate-containing molecules and extracellular matrix glycoproteins and has been implicated in various biological processes such as cell growth, angiogenesis, motility, and metastasis.	Carbohydrates	25-37	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
22232548-4	2012	Recently, we showed that galectin-3 Tyr-107 is phosphorylated by c-Abl; concomitantly, it was also shown that galectin-3 can be cleaved at this site by prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a chymotrypsin-like serine protease, after Tyr-107, resulting in loss of galectin-3 multivalency while preserving its carbohydrate binding activity.	Carbohydrates	303-315	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	25-35
22232548-4	2012	Recently, we showed that galectin-3 Tyr-107 is phosphorylated by c-Abl; concomitantly, it was also shown that galectin-3 can be cleaved at this site by prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a chymotrypsin-like serine protease, after Tyr-107, resulting in loss of galectin-3 multivalency while preserving its carbohydrate binding activity.	Carbohydrates	303-315	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	110-120
21963509-2	2011	We previously isolated cDNAs of 10 galectin and galectin-like genes (lec-1 to lec-6 and lec-8 to lec-11) from Caenorhabditis elegans and characterized the carbohydrate-binding properties of their recombinant proteins.	Carbohydrates	155-167	Galectin	Caenorhabditis elegans	97-103
22031821-3	2011	Data presented herein demonstrate for the first time that the interaction of Gal 3, either via its carbohydrate binding C-terminal domain or via its N-terminal part, with LPS from different bacterial strains, enhances the LPS-mediated neutrophil activation in vitro.	Carbohydrates	99-111	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	77-82
25907074-2	2015	To support proliferation and survival under stress, two interacting complexes that harbor mTOR, mTORC1 and mTORC2, promote the transcription of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and lipogenesis, enhance protein translation, and inhibit autophagy.	Carbohydrates	162-174	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 2	Mus musculus	107-113
26126434-3	2015	Because of its critical role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism, AMPK is involved in many human diseases, including cancers.	Carbohydrates	74-86	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	119-123
20817851-2	2010	LMAN1 (ERGIC-53) is a hexameric transmembrane protein with a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) on the ER luminal side.	Carbohydrates	61-73	lectin, mannose binding 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
20817851-2	2010	LMAN1 (ERGIC-53) is a hexameric transmembrane protein with a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) on the ER luminal side.	Carbohydrates	61-73	lectin, mannose binding 1	Homo sapiens	7-15
22158550-0	2012	Metabolic inhibition of galectin-1-binding carbohydrates accentuates antitumor immunity.	Carbohydrates	43-56	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 1	Mus musculus	24-34
25346390-1	2015	Fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15), FGF19 in humans, is a gut-derived hormone and a key regulator of bile acids and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	117-129	fibroblast growth factor 19	Homo sapiens	37-42
21989137-5	2012	Deglycosylation of SP-A released TGF-beta1,2 from SP-A indicating a role for the carbohydrate moieties of SP-A in binding of TGF-beta1,2.	Carbohydrates	81-93	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	19-23
22158618-6	2012	CR3 binding of extracellular matrix, carbohydrate, or both ligands simultaneously differentially regulates neutrophil function through a mechanism not clearly understood.	Carbohydrates	37-49	teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1 pseudogene 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
20926386-7	2010	However, knockdown of either Ogt(sxc) or Oga in the IPCs increased the hemolymph carbohydrate concentration.	Carbohydrates	81-93	O-GlcNAcase	Drosophila melanogaster	41-44
25858360-1	2015	Conformationally fixed carbohydrate analogues are promising small-molecule inhibitors for hydrolases like O-GlcNAcase (OGA); however, their synthesis usually requires many steps.	Carbohydrates	23-35	O-GlcNAcase	Homo sapiens	119-122
20807768-3	2010	We have now produced 10 mutants of human galectin-3, with changes in these adjacent sites that have altered carbohydrate-binding fine specificity but that retain the basic beta-galactoside binding activity as shown by glycan-array binding and a solution-based fluorescence anisotropy assay.	Carbohydrates	108-120	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	41-51
20807768-7	2010	G182A has altered carbohydrate-binding fine specificity and altered intracellular targeting into vesicles, a possible link to the intracellular galectin-3-mediated anti-apoptotic effect known to be lost by this mutant.	Carbohydrates	18-30	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	144-154
23047108-6	2012	We also analyzed the bifidobacterial hetero-oligosaccharide-hydrolyzing enzymes involved in the degradation of mucin glycoprotein in the host intestinal tract and human milk oligosaccharides, and identified a specific saccharide that acted as a bifidobacteria growth factor.	Carbohydrates	49-59	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	111-116
22300073-12	2012	The mechanism of carbohydrate-sensing remains controversial: the heterodimeric taste receptor T1R2/T1R3 and sodium glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT-1) expressed in L cells are the two leading candidates.	Carbohydrates	17-29	taste 1 receptor member 3	Homo sapiens	99-103
25407542-1	2015	PURPOSE: In this study we aimed to address the poor drug-like properties of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) peptide through modification with lipids and carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	159-172	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Homo sapiens	76-106
22870349-12	2012	These new insights into Western diet-mediated mTORC1-hyperactivity provide a rational basis for dietary intervention in acne by attenuating mTORC1 signaling by reducing (1) total energy intake, (2) hyperglycemic carbohydrates, (3) insulinotropic dairy proteins and (4) leucine-rich meat and dairy proteins.	Carbohydrates	212-225	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	46-52
20573591-7	2010	PVN injections of ghrelin increased food intake and increased RQ, reflecting a shift in energy substrate utilization in favor of carbohydrate oxidation.	Carbohydrates	129-141	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	18-25
21029855-3	2010	(2010) describe the structure of an avian ZP3 homolog, providing insights into ZP3 processing and polymerization and the roles of the ZP3 polypeptide and its carbohydrate in sperm binding.	Carbohydrates	158-170	zona pellucida glycoprotein 3	Homo sapiens	42-45
25728481-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Simultaneous inactivation of pig GGTA1 and CMAH genes eliminates carbohydrate xenoantigens recognized by human antibodies.	Carbohydrates	77-89	cytidine monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase	Sus scrofa	55-59
23152926-0	2012	Evolution of cross-neutralizing antibody specificities to the CD4-BS and the carbohydrate cloak of the HIV Env in an HIV-1-infected subject.	Carbohydrates	77-89	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	107-110
20873837-0	2010	Protein flexibility and conformational entropy in ligand design targeting the carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-3.	Carbohydrates	78-90	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	113-123
25912189-9	2015	Instead, they prevent Ca(2+) binding by the carbohydrate-recognition domains of CL-K1.	Carbohydrates	44-56	collectin subfamily member 11	Homo sapiens	80-85
20873837-3	2010	In this work, we have probed the conformational entropy and its relative contribution to the free energy of ligand binding to the carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-3.	Carbohydrates	130-142	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	165-175
20684544-6	2010	PS without substitutions including pyropheophorbides and purpurinimides were generally substrates for ABCG2, but carbohydrate groups conjugated at positions 8, 12, 13, and 17 but not at position 3 abrogated ABCG2 affinity regardless of structure or linking moiety.	Carbohydrates	113-125	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Mus musculus	207-212
22006924-1	2011	Carbohydrate-binding agents bind to the N-glycans of HIV-1 envelope gp120 and prevent viral entry.	Carbohydrates	0-12	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	68-73
25912189-11	2015	CONCLUSIONS: We have established the sugar specificity of CL-K1 and demonstrated that it targets high-mannose oligosaccharides on self- and non-self structures via an extended binding site which recognises the terminal two mannose residues of the carbohydrate ligand.	Carbohydrates	247-259	collectin subfamily member 11	Homo sapiens	58-63
25884549-3	2015	Experimental support for this assumption has been obtained by expression of the carbohydrate-recognition domain of mouse mincle and characterization of its interaction with small molecule analogs of trehalose dimycolate.	Carbohydrates	80-92	C-type lectin domain family 4, member e	Mus musculus	121-127
22041858-8	2011	The investigation of the influence of sialic acid in the carbohydrate chain of human serum Tf, studied by incubating the protein with neuraminidase (sialidase) to obtain the monosialilated species, revealed that the binding affinity of Ti was similar for monosialo-Tf and for native-Tf and occurs in the N-lobe.	Carbohydrates	57-69	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	134-147
20473479-2	2010	We therefore sought to characterise for the first time the effects of chronic AMPK activation on skeletal muscle carbohydrate metabolism in carriers of the rare gain-of-function mutation of the gene encoding AMPKgamma(3) subunit, PRKAG3 R225W.	Carbohydrates	113-125	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	78-82
20660302-2	2010	We showed here that AMPK regulates glucocorticoid actions on carbohydrate metabolism by targeting the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and modifying transcription of glucocorticoid-responsive genes in a tissue- and promoter-specific fashion.	Carbohydrates	61-73	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	20-24
25380763-6	2015	Here, we present the crystal structure of one such anti-carbohydrate HIV neutralizing antibody (2G12) in complex with the carbohydrate backbone of the lipooligosaccharide from Rhizobium radiobacter strain Rv3, which exhibits a chemical structure that naturally mimics the core high-mannose carbohydrate epitope of 2G12 on HIV-1 gp120.	Carbohydrates	56-68	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	328-333
20610655-5	2010	All of these allergens bind to the C-type lectin-like carbohydrate recognition domains 4-7 of MR.	Carbohydrates	54-66	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	94-96
21736844-11	2011	Adding lupin or soya to a carbohydrate-rich beverage reduces glycaemia acutely in type 2 diabetic individuals.	Carbohydrates	26-38	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IIIA	Homo sapiens	7-12
25380763-6	2015	Here, we present the crystal structure of one such anti-carbohydrate HIV neutralizing antibody (2G12) in complex with the carbohydrate backbone of the lipooligosaccharide from Rhizobium radiobacter strain Rv3, which exhibits a chemical structure that naturally mimics the core high-mannose carbohydrate epitope of 2G12 on HIV-1 gp120.	Carbohydrates	122-134	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	328-333
21715597-0	2011	Removal of two high-mannose N-linked glycans on gp120 renders human immunodeficiency virus 1 largely resistant to the carbohydrate-binding agent griffithsin.	Carbohydrates	118-130	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	48-53
26615944-2	2010	Using the carbohydrate binding domain of galectin-3 in the free and lactose-bound states as a test case, we compared the calculated order parameters with experimental data from NMR relaxation.	Carbohydrates	10-22	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	41-51
27275219-9	2015	In groups (2&amp;3) positive significant correlation was recorded between (SBP) &amp; (DBP) and total daily intake of total calories, carbohydrate, total fat, saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, and negative significant correlation with total daily intake of total protein, animal and vegetable protein, linolenic and linoleic fatty acids, while oleic fatty acid showed negative correlation with SBP&amp;DBP in all groups.	Carbohydrates	134-146	selenium binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	75-78
20181792-1	2010	Immunologically, "self" carbohydrates protect the HIV-1 surface glycoprotein, gp120, from antibody recognition.	Carbohydrates	24-37	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	78-83
21795357-2	2011	Galectin-1, which belongs to S-type lectins, contains a conserved carbohydrate recognition domain that recognizes galactose-containing oligosaccharides.	Carbohydrates	66-78	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 1	Mus musculus	0-10
25659627-0	2015	Transgalactosylation and hydrolytic activities of commercial preparations of beta-galactosidase for the synthesis of prebiotic carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	127-140	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	77-95
20590881-5	2010	Three decades of research have revealed that the carbohydrate structures of FVIII and VWF contribute to many of the steps that can be distinguished in the life-cycle of these proteins, including biosynthesis/secretion, function and clearance.	Carbohydrates	49-61	coagulation factor VIII	Homo sapiens	76-81
20590881-7	2010	In addition, the interaction of the FVIII/VWF complex with two families of carbohydrate-binding proteins, i.e. Galectins and Siglecs, and their potential physiological relevance will be discussed.	Carbohydrates	75-87	coagulation factor VIII	Homo sapiens	36-41
20367753-5	2010	Previous studies outside the brain suggest that Galectin-1 binds to a carbohydrate structure of beta1 Integrin and modulates cell adhesion.	Carbohydrates	70-82	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 1	Mus musculus	48-58
20367753-7	2010	Beta1 Integrin was purified from adult SEZ tissue by binding to a Galectin-1 affinity column, and this binding depended on Galectin-1"s carbohydrate-binding activity.	Carbohydrates	136-148	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 1	Mus musculus	123-133
26785342-8	2015	With this perspective, the redox mechanisms, which can mediate the IR-induced protracted oxidative post-translational modification of proteins, oxidation of lipids and carbohydrates and their countermeasures in hARS are subjects of the current review.	Carbohydrates	168-181	RIEG2	Homo sapiens	211-215
20413160-1	2010	Pulmonary surfactant proteins, SP-A and SP-D, are carbohydrate pattern recognition molecules of innate immunity, which significantly enhance phagocytosis and killing of Aspergillus fumigatus, a pathogenic fungus, by neutrophils and macrophages.	Carbohydrates	50-62	surfactant associated protein A1	Mus musculus	31-35
25421439-4	2015	Here, we demonstrate that galectin-3, whose expression has clinical associations with advanced malignancy and poor outcome, contributes to metastatic niche formation by binding to carbohydrates on metastatic cells.	Carbohydrates	180-193	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	26-36
20420392-4	2010	The ability of such RAFT scaffolds to precipitate the target CD69 receptor or to activate CD69-positive cells is enhanced in compounds 2 and 4 possessing combined peptide/carbohydrate expression.	Carbohydrates	171-183	CD69 molecule	Homo sapiens	61-65
20420392-4	2010	The ability of such RAFT scaffolds to precipitate the target CD69 receptor or to activate CD69-positive cells is enhanced in compounds 2 and 4 possessing combined peptide/carbohydrate expression.	Carbohydrates	171-183	CD69 molecule	Homo sapiens	90-94
25421439-7	2015	We find that metastatic cancer cells exhibit elevated presentation of the oncofetal galectin-3 carbohydrate ligand, the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen, on their surfaces as a result of altered C2GnT2 and St6GalNAc4 glycosyltransferase activity that inhibits further glycosylation of this carbohydrate motif and promotes metastasis.	Carbohydrates	95-107	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	84-94
25421439-7	2015	We find that metastatic cancer cells exhibit elevated presentation of the oncofetal galectin-3 carbohydrate ligand, the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen, on their surfaces as a result of altered C2GnT2 and St6GalNAc4 glycosyltransferase activity that inhibits further glycosylation of this carbohydrate motif and promotes metastasis.	Carbohydrates	286-298	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	84-94
24656290-0	2015	Single-dose carbohydrate treatment in the immediate preoperative phase diminishes development of postoperative peripheral insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	12-24	insulin	Sus scrofa	122-129
20463811-3	2010	Interestingly, infusion of normal infected mice with alpha-lactose, the sugar that binds to the carbohydrate-binding domain of Gal-9 limiting its engagement of T cell immunoglobulin and mucin (TIM-3) receptors, also caused a more elevated and higher quality CD8(+) T cell response to HSV particularly in the acute phase.	Carbohydrates	96-108	hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2	Mus musculus	193-198
20299109-4	2010	HCG with distinct carbohydrate expression is also an effective selectin antagonist, whereas the potency of transferrin is low.	Carbohydrates	18-30	hypertrichosis 2 (generalised, congenital)	Homo sapiens	0-3
25830094-13	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Adropin treatment of DIO mice enhances glucose tolerance, ameliorates insulin resistance and promotes preferential use of carbohydrate over fat in fuel selection.	Carbohydrates	135-147	energy homeostasis associated	Mus musculus	13-20
20209510-6	2010	The binding of ZnTPPS(4) to hGal-3 (with and without lactose) is of high affinity having k(D)=0.18-0.20 microM and is not inhibited by lactose, indicating that ZnTPPS(4) and carbohydrate bind different sites.	Carbohydrates	174-186	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	28-34
20209510-9	2010	Since hGal-3 binds to several carbohydrate cancer antigens, the results suggest that it may have utility in the targeted delivery of drugs for cancer.	Carbohydrates	30-42	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	6-12
25212389-1	2015	The mucin MUC1 is a glycoprotein involved in fundamental biological processes, which can be found over-expressed and with a distinctly altered glycan pattern on epithelial tumor cells; thus it is a promising target structure in the quest for effective carbohydrate-based cancer vaccines and immunotherapeutics.	Carbohydrates	252-264	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	10-14
20176631-1	2010	We recently provided evidence suggesting a role for cytokine-mediated inhibition of Akt/Forkhead box O 1 (FOXO1) signalling in the induction of muscle atrophy and impairment of muscle carbohydrate oxidation during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxaemia in rats.	Carbohydrates	184-196	forkhead box O1	Rattus norvegicus	88-104
20176631-1	2010	We recently provided evidence suggesting a role for cytokine-mediated inhibition of Akt/Forkhead box O 1 (FOXO1) signalling in the induction of muscle atrophy and impairment of muscle carbohydrate oxidation during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxaemia in rats.	Carbohydrates	184-196	forkhead box O1	Rattus norvegicus	106-111
26161595-11	2015	The enzymatic activity of the liver enzymes hexokinase, glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase, fructose 1,6-biphosphatase, pyruvate kinase and glucose-6 phosphatase were enhanced by resveratrol and gliclazide, while losartan treatment was not associated with significant changes in liver carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	284-296	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	56-89
20306342-6	2010	RBL bound to human PBMCs eliciting strong mitogenic response, which could be blocked by mucin, fetuin and asialofetuin demonstrating the carbohydrate-mediated interaction with the cells.	Carbohydrates	137-149	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	88-93
26161595-11	2015	The enzymatic activity of the liver enzymes hexokinase, glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase, fructose 1,6-biphosphatase, pyruvate kinase and glucose-6 phosphatase were enhanced by resveratrol and gliclazide, while losartan treatment was not associated with significant changes in liver carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	284-296	fructose-bisphosphatase 1	Rattus norvegicus	91-117
26550021-5	2015	The simulation results demonstrate that the improved PID algorithm can perform well in different carbohydrate ingestion and different insulin sensitivity situations.	Carbohydrates	97-109	metastasis associated 1 family member 2	Homo sapiens	53-56
19915384-3	2010	AIM: As ghrelin secretion is affected by insulin concentration, we hypothesized that carbohydrates with different glycemic responses might influence fasting plasma ghrelin levels.	Carbohydrates	85-98	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	8-15
19915384-3	2010	AIM: As ghrelin secretion is affected by insulin concentration, we hypothesized that carbohydrates with different glycemic responses might influence fasting plasma ghrelin levels.	Carbohydrates	85-98	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	164-171
25376184-3	2015	SIRT1 and AMPK are the master regulators of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	54-66	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Sus scrofa	10-14
19763891-8	2010	These results suggest that the vaccine-induced CTLs recognize a 47-LDA cross-reactive epitope expressed by CD166 and reveal a novel mechanism of induction of potent tumor-specific cellular responses by mimotopes of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens.	Carbohydrates	232-244	activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	107-112
26454486-3	2015	Up-to-date one can distinguish four subtypes of hCG differing in secondary carbohydrate chains configuration as well as it regular and glycosylated forms, but non trophoblastic sources of this hormone, such as pituitary are still not widely known.	Carbohydrates	75-87	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	48-51
20097424-5	2010	Our data show that Langerin interacts with both mannan and beta-glucan structures, common cell-wall carbohydrate structures of fungi.	Carbohydrates	100-112	CD207 molecule	Homo sapiens	19-27
20026605-9	2010	These observations provide strong evidence that Langerin mediates diverse functions on Langerhans cells through dual recognition of sulfated as well as mannosylated glycans by its uniquely evolved C-type carbohydrate-recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	204-216	CD207 molecule	Homo sapiens	48-56
25924024-1	2015	INTRODUCTION: Visceral adipose tissue is the main source of circulating proinflammatory adipokine, visfatin/nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (visfatin/NAMPT), whose role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MS) components such as hypertension and carbohydrate and lipid disturbances is still uncertain, due to commonly used low specific C-terminal immunoassays to determine visfatin/NAMPT levels.	Carbohydrates	259-271	nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	108-146
20034607-2	2010	In a previous study we demonstrated a marked increase in immunogenicity of the highly glycosylated HIV-1 gp120 protein following enzymatic addition of alpha-gal epitopes to the carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	177-189	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	105-110
25320238-4	2014	Using both a 610 carbohydrate array and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we found that patients with IRAK-4 and MyD88 deficiencies have reduced serum IgM, but not IgG antibody, recognizing T-independent bacterial antigens.	Carbohydrates	17-29	MYD88 innate immune signal transduction adaptor	Homo sapiens	114-119
19783639-11	2010	For the first time, this provides some insight into how the carbohydrate regions might be organized around the NH(2)- and COOH-terminal globular protein domains within the granule and also explains how the mucin can expand so rapidly upon its release.	Carbohydrates	60-72	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	206-211
25257871-11	2014	The present study suggests that beta2-agonists do not enhance 300-kcal time trial performance, but they increase carbohydrate metabolism in skeletal muscles during submaximal exercise independent of AMPK and ACC phosphorylation, and that this effect diminishes as drug exposure time, exercise duration, and intensity are increased.	Carbohydrates	113-125	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	32-37
21614203-9	2010	These data demonstrate a role for DMBT1s as pattern recognition molecules containing various peptide and carbohydrate binding motifs.	Carbohydrates	105-117	ZP domain-containing protein LOC729800-like	Homo sapiens	34-39
24854997-8	2014	Recombinant galectin-1 binding to isolated trophoblast mucin in solid-phase assay was sensitive to lactose, a carbohydrate inhibitor of galectin binding.	Carbohydrates	110-122	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	55-60
20118603-2	2010	Recent studies have suggested that excessive loading of carbohydrates is harmful in citrin-deficient individuals.	Carbohydrates	56-69	solute carrier family 25 member 13	Homo sapiens	84-90
20118603-5	2010	In addition, our observation may suggest that carbohydrate-restricted diet in which the content of carbohydrate is below 50% of daily energy intake can have therapeutic efficacy in CTLN2 patients.	Carbohydrates	46-58	solute carrier family 25 member 13	Homo sapiens	181-186
20118603-5	2010	In addition, our observation may suggest that carbohydrate-restricted diet in which the content of carbohydrate is below 50% of daily energy intake can have therapeutic efficacy in CTLN2 patients.	Carbohydrates	99-111	solute carrier family 25 member 13	Homo sapiens	181-186
21094898-7	2010	Its secretion is elicited by intraluminal nutrients, especially carbohydrate and fat, through the action of SGLT1, GPR40, GPR120, and GPR119.	Carbohydrates	64-76	free fatty acid receptor 4	Homo sapiens	122-128
24854997-11	2014	These results suggest that trophoblast mucin(s) could act as binding partners of galectin-1, in a carbohydrate-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	98-110	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	39-44
25135608-5	2014	The application of the assay for screening natural libraries of carbohydrates against proteins is also demonstrated using mixtures of human milk oligosaccharides, isolated from breast milk, and fragments of a bacterial toxin and human galectin 3.	Carbohydrates	64-77	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	235-245
25393982-4	2014	Here, we report that Gal-3 heterodimerizes Bax, mediated by the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of Gal-3, leading to anti-apoptotic characteristic.	Carbohydrates	64-76	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	21-26
25393982-4	2014	Here, we report that Gal-3 heterodimerizes Bax, mediated by the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of Gal-3, leading to anti-apoptotic characteristic.	Carbohydrates	64-76	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	105-110
25343850-12	2014	If used long term before at least two carbohydrate-rich meals/day this preload could lower HbA1c by up to 1%.	Carbohydrates	38-50	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	91-95
25254302-0	2014	Structural insights into carbonic anhydrase IX isoform specificity of carbohydrate-based sulfamates.	Carbohydrates	70-82	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	25-46
25254302-3	2014	In this paper, we describe the development of a new class of CA IX inhibitors that comprise a sulfamate as the zinc binding group, a variable linker, and a carbohydrate "tail" moiety.	Carbohydrates	156-168	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	61-66
25309079-4	2014	Accumulating data have shown that the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) plays important roles not only in bile acid metabolism, but also in lipid and carbohydrate homeostasis, inflammatory responses, among others.	Carbohydrates	143-155	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4	Homo sapiens	38-58
24863808-7	2014	Inhibition assays indicated that CD13, PSA, PAP, and ZAG interact with galectin-3 in a protein-carbohydrate manner.	Carbohydrates	95-107	alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane	Homo sapiens	33-37
24863808-7	2014	Inhibition assays indicated that CD13, PSA, PAP, and ZAG interact with galectin-3 in a protein-carbohydrate manner.	Carbohydrates	95-107	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	71-81
25138305-2	2014	Galectin-3 is a unique, chimeric protein consisting of three distinct structural motifs: (i) a short NH2 terminal domain containing a serine phosphorylation site; (ii) a repetitive proline-rich collagen-alpha-like sequence cleavable by matrix metalloproteases; and (iii) a globular COOH-terminal domain containing a carbohydrate-binding motif and an NWGR anti-death motif.	Carbohydrates	316-328	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
25130857-0	2014	Carbohydrate malabsorption mechanism for tumor formation in rats treated with the SGLT2 inhibitor canagliflozin.	Carbohydrates	0-12	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	82-87
21848906-4	2011	Lactobacillus plantarum AS1 seems to adhere to human intestinal cells via mechanisms that involve different combinations of carbohydrate and protein factors on the bacteria and eukaryotic cell surface.	Carbohydrates	124-136	prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens	24-27
21771787-2	2011	This unique carbohydrate, consisting of a sulfated trisaccharide (HSO(3)-3GlcAbeta1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-), is biosynthesized by the successive actions of beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta4GalT), glucuronyltransferase (GlcAT-P and GlcAT-S), and sulfotransferase (HNK-1ST).	Carbohydrates	12-24	carbohydrate sulfotransferase 10	Mus musculus	263-270
25146467-3	2014	A combination of mutations in positions L107, A129, and A165 provided a toolbox of FSA variants that expand the synthetic possibilities towards the preparation of aldose-like carbohydrate compounds.	Carbohydrates	175-187	bridge-like lipid transfer protein family member 1	Homo sapiens	83-86
21770429-0	2011	A protein engineering approach differentiates the functional importance of carbohydrate moieties of interleukin-5 receptor alpha.	Carbohydrates	75-87	interleukin 5 receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	100-128
21546314-0	2011	Carbohydrate-binding motif in chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1/YKL-40) specifically activates Akt signaling pathway in colonic epithelial cells.	Carbohydrates	0-12	chitinase 3 like 1	Homo sapiens	50-56
21546314-0	2011	Carbohydrate-binding motif in chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1/YKL-40) specifically activates Akt signaling pathway in colonic epithelial cells.	Carbohydrates	0-12	chitinase 3 like 1	Homo sapiens	57-63
24690564-1	2014	A novel electrochemical immunosensor for sensitive detection of carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) based on dual signal amplification strategy of ionic liquid functionalized graphene and Cd(2+)-functionalized nanoporous TiO2 (f-TiO2-Cd(2+)) has been developed.	Carbohydrates	64-76	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	91-97
24880028-6	2014	CD8+ T cells are vital for clearance of WNF infected cells from the CNS, whereas TLR-3 and TLR-7 mediated anti-virus response through increased serum inflammatory cytokines to disrupt the BBB providing infected leucocytes and free virus access to the CNS (so called Trojan horse) Cellular virus attachment factors, promoting FV cell entry are widely distributed and include DC-SIGN (that detects complex carbohydrate molecules); Glycosamino glycans (GAG), Heparan sulphate(HSPG) Semaphorin 7A, Low Density Lipid receptors (LDLR); these are not FV specific virus entry receptors.	Carbohydrates	404-416	toll like receptor 3	Equus caballus	81-86
21622967-2	2011	AMPK plays an important role as a regulator of carbohydrate and fat metabolism in mammalian cells.	Carbohydrates	47-59	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
24880028-6	2014	CD8+ T cells are vital for clearance of WNF infected cells from the CNS, whereas TLR-3 and TLR-7 mediated anti-virus response through increased serum inflammatory cytokines to disrupt the BBB providing infected leucocytes and free virus access to the CNS (so called Trojan horse) Cellular virus attachment factors, promoting FV cell entry are widely distributed and include DC-SIGN (that detects complex carbohydrate molecules); Glycosamino glycans (GAG), Heparan sulphate(HSPG) Semaphorin 7A, Low Density Lipid receptors (LDLR); these are not FV specific virus entry receptors.	Carbohydrates	404-416	toll like receptor 7	Equus caballus	91-96
24212946-8	2011	Progress in carbohydrate synthesis has yielded a number of sophisticated substrates that include MUC1 glycopeptide epitopes that are at present in preclinical testing.	Carbohydrates	12-24	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	97-101
25437461-0	2014	[Effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on carbohydrate metabolism control].	Carbohydrates	39-51	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	12-26
21731009-6	2011	The intakes of carbohydrate and dietary fiber (absolute and related to energy) were significantly higher with the 24-HDR than with the 7-dFR for both age groups (P &lt; 0.001).	Carbohydrates	15-27	ventral veins lacking	Drosophila melanogaster	137-140
24909344-2	2014	Two inactivated genes that make humans unique from pigs are GGTA1 and CMAH, the products of which produce the carbohydrate epitopes, aGal and Neu5Gc that attract preformed human antibody.	Carbohydrates	110-122	cytidine monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase	Sus scrofa	70-74
21543485-6	2011	The MAb A32 epitope was expressed on the surface of HIV-1-infected CD4(+) T cells earlier than the CD4-inducible (CD4i) epitope bound by MAb 17b and the gp120 carbohydrate epitope bound by MAb 2G12.	Carbohydrates	159-171	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	153-158
24913063-7	2014	Proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism (Fbp1-isoform 2), oxidative stress response (Prdx2), and detoxification (Glod4) were up-regulated.	Carbohydrates	21-33	fructose bisphosphatase 1	Mus musculus	46-50
21568264-4	2011	Through addition of an eight-hour colon compartment to PBET and use of a carbohydrate-rich fed-state medium we demonstrated that colon-extended PBET (CE-PBET) increased assessments of soil-bound PAH bioaccessibility by up to 50% in laboratory soils and a factor of 4 in field soils.	Carbohydrates	73-85	phenylalanine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	195-198
21568264-5	2011	We attribute this increased bioaccessibility to a combination of the additional extraction time and the presence of carbohydrates in the colon compartment, both of which favor PAH desorption from soil.	Carbohydrates	116-129	phenylalanine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	176-179
21527252-4	2011	Here we have carried out carbohydrate microarray analyses of one of the monoclonal antibodies, AE3, that has been regarded the "most carcinoma specific" in respect to its ability to detect HCA in sera of patients with epithelial cancers.	Carbohydrates	25-37	HCA1	Homo sapiens	189-192
24913063-7	2014	Proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism (Fbp1-isoform 2), oxidative stress response (Prdx2), and detoxification (Glod4) were up-regulated.	Carbohydrates	21-33	peroxiredoxin 2	Mus musculus	90-95
25354858-19	2014	CONCLUSION: Visfatin may be an important adipokine that involved in the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in GDM, and is related to the pathogensis of GDM and insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	72-84	nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	12-20
21423935-0	2011	Stereoselective synthesis of light-activatable perfluorophenylazide-conjugated carbohydrates for glycoarray fabrication and evaluation of structural effects on protein binding by SPR imaging.	Carbohydrates	79-92	sepiapterin reductase	Homo sapiens	179-182
21309792-6	2011	Cold treatment of plants (4  C for 96 h) increased leaf soluble sugars and starch and increased the leaf content of SPSA1 and SPSC proteins twofold to threefold, and of the four null mutants, only spsa1 reduced leaf non-structural carbohydrate accumulation in response to cold treatment.	Carbohydrates	231-243	sucrose phosphate synthase 1F	Arabidopsis thaliana	197-202
21291557-3	2011	Dentin sialoprotein (Dsp), the N-terminal domain of dentin sialophosphoprotein (Dspp), is a highly glycosylated proteoglycan, but little is known about the number, character, and attachment sites of its carbohydrate moieties.	Carbohydrates	203-215	dentin sialophosphoprotein	Homo sapiens	0-19
21291557-3	2011	Dentin sialoprotein (Dsp), the N-terminal domain of dentin sialophosphoprotein (Dspp), is a highly glycosylated proteoglycan, but little is known about the number, character, and attachment sites of its carbohydrate moieties.	Carbohydrates	203-215	dentin sialophosphoprotein	Homo sapiens	21-24
21291557-3	2011	Dentin sialoprotein (Dsp), the N-terminal domain of dentin sialophosphoprotein (Dspp), is a highly glycosylated proteoglycan, but little is known about the number, character, and attachment sites of its carbohydrate moieties.	Carbohydrates	203-215	dentin sialophosphoprotein	Homo sapiens	52-78
21291557-3	2011	Dentin sialoprotein (Dsp), the N-terminal domain of dentin sialophosphoprotein (Dspp), is a highly glycosylated proteoglycan, but little is known about the number, character, and attachment sites of its carbohydrate moieties.	Carbohydrates	203-215	dentin sialophosphoprotein	Homo sapiens	80-84
21291557-4	2011	RESULTS: To identify its carbohydrate attachment sites we isolated Dsp from developing porcine molars and digested it with endoproteinase Glu-C or pronase, fractionated the digestion products, identified fractions containing glycosylated peptides using a phenol sulfuric acid assay, and characterized the glycopeptides by N-terminal sequencing, amino acid analyses, or LC/MSMS.	Carbohydrates	25-37	dentin sialophosphoprotein	Homo sapiens	67-70
21284981-6	2011	This study shows that dERR plays a central role in carbohydrate metabolism, demonstrates that a proliferative metabolic program is used in normal developmental growth, and provides a molecular context to understand the close association between mammalian ERR family members and cancer.	Carbohydrates	51-63	estrogen-related receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	22-26
21047777-3	2011	This study describes crystal structures of calcium-dependent complexes of the C-terminal neck and carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-A with d-mannose, D-alpha-methylmannose, and glycerol, which represent subdomains of glycans on pathogen surfaces.	Carbohydrates	98-110	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	133-137
21908947-2	2011	A recent nutritional survey of 18 citrin-deficient subjects (age 1-33 y) confirmed a marked decrease in carbohydrate intake compared to an age-matched general Japanese population.	Carbohydrates	104-116	solute carrier family 25 member 13	Homo sapiens	34-40
21909438-0	2011	A model of oxidative stress management: moderation of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes in SOD1-null Drosophila melanogaster.	Carbohydrates	54-66	Superoxide dismutase 1	Drosophila melanogaster	91-95
21909438-4	2011	Previous studies suggest that SOD1-null Drosophila rely on lipid catabolism for energy rather than carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	99-111	Superoxide dismutase 1	Drosophila melanogaster	30-34
21909438-6	2011	We find a negative shift in the activity of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes in SOD1-nulls and the NADP(+)-reducing enzymes were found to have significantly lower activity than the other enzymes assayed.	Carbohydrates	44-56	Superoxide dismutase 1	Drosophila melanogaster	81-85
21949831-7	2011	The structures of Gal-3 carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) complexed with TF antigen and derivatives, TFN and GM1, were then determined.	Carbohydrates	24-36	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	18-23
21901161-0	2011	Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila InsP3 receptor mutant larvae reveal a role for InsP3 signaling in carbohydrate and energy metabolism.	Carbohydrates	108-120	Inositol 1,4,5,-trisphosphate receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	42-56
21901161-0	2011	Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila InsP3 receptor mutant larvae reveal a role for InsP3 signaling in carbohydrate and energy metabolism.	Carbohydrates	108-120	Inositol 1,4,5,-trisphosphate receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	42-47
21901161-5	2011	CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These studies show that expression of transcripts related to carbohydrate and amine metabolism is altered in InsP(3) receptor mutant larvae.	Carbohydrates	87-99	Inositol 1,4,5,-trisphosphate receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	135-151
20880849-7	2010	The structure also explains a requirement for the Cys(105)-Cys(137) disulfide bond in CRT/CNX for efficient carbohydrate binding.	Carbohydrates	108-120	calnexin	Homo sapiens	90-93
20450938-2	2010	Here we aimed to assess whether changes in leptin and ghrelin systems can be involved in the different satiating capacities of carbohydrates (CHO) and fat.	Carbohydrates	127-140	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	43-49
20450938-2	2010	Here we aimed to assess whether changes in leptin and ghrelin systems can be involved in the different satiating capacities of carbohydrates (CHO) and fat.	Carbohydrates	127-140	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	54-61
20702048-6	2010	Our hypothesis is that TAG-72 and MUC-1 are the natural ligands for carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) of endocytic mannose receptor (MR or CD206) and DC-specific ICAM non-integrin (DC-SIGN or CD209) expressed on decidual CD14(+) macrophages and CD1a(+) DCs.	Carbohydrates	68-80	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	145-150
20702048-6	2010	Our hypothesis is that TAG-72 and MUC-1 are the natural ligands for carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) of endocytic mannose receptor (MR or CD206) and DC-specific ICAM non-integrin (DC-SIGN or CD209) expressed on decidual CD14(+) macrophages and CD1a(+) DCs.	Carbohydrates	68-80	CD14 molecule	Homo sapiens	227-231
20702048-6	2010	Our hypothesis is that TAG-72 and MUC-1 are the natural ligands for carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) of endocytic mannose receptor (MR or CD206) and DC-specific ICAM non-integrin (DC-SIGN or CD209) expressed on decidual CD14(+) macrophages and CD1a(+) DCs.	Carbohydrates	68-80	CD1a molecule	Homo sapiens	251-255
21092225-5	2010	METHODS: Anti-SP-A antibodies fixed to latex beads bound SP-A at its N-terminal end and allowed the interaction with other SP-A molecules in a given sample by their C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) to agglutinate the beads to aggregates, which were quantified by light microscopy.	Carbohydrates	176-188	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	14-18
20713651-2	2010	We sought to determine whether increases in plasma Lp(a) induced by a low-fat high-carbohydrate (LFHC) diet are related to changes in OxPL and LDL subclasses.	Carbohydrates	83-95	lipoprotein(a)	Homo sapiens	51-56
20695481-1	2010	Carbohydrate structures with a 3"-sulfo betaGal linkage, such as 3"-sulfo-Le(x), can be synthesized by Gal:3-O-sulfotransferase-2 (Gal3ST-2) catalysis, but little is known about their roles in many biological processes.	Carbohydrates	0-12	galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase 2	Homo sapiens	103-129
20695481-1	2010	Carbohydrate structures with a 3"-sulfo betaGal linkage, such as 3"-sulfo-Le(x), can be synthesized by Gal:3-O-sulfotransferase-2 (Gal3ST-2) catalysis, but little is known about their roles in many biological processes.	Carbohydrates	0-12	galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase 2	Homo sapiens	131-139
20691154-8	2010	These data indicate that testosterone is involved in cardiac HSL activity regulation which, in turn, may affect cardiac lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	130-142	lipase E, hormone sensitive type	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
20383981-0	2009	Effects of endotoxaemia and carbohydrate overload on glucose and insulin dynamics and the development of laminitis in horses.	Carbohydrates	28-40	INS	Equus caballus	65-72
20383981-2	2009	Whether glucose metabolism responses to carbohydrate overload are more pronounced in insulin-resistant horses requires further study.	Carbohydrates	40-52	INS	Equus caballus	85-92
20383981-3	2009	HYPOTHESIS: Horses pretreated with endotoxin to alter insulin sensitivity differ significantly in their glucose and insulin responses to carbohydrate overload.	Carbohydrates	137-149	INS	Equus caballus	54-61
20383981-3	2009	HYPOTHESIS: Horses pretreated with endotoxin to alter insulin sensitivity differ significantly in their glucose and insulin responses to carbohydrate overload.	Carbohydrates	137-149	INS	Equus caballus	116-123
20383981-14	2009	CONCLUSIONS: Endotoxaemia and carbohydrate overload reduce insulin sensitivity in horses.	Carbohydrates	30-42	INS	Equus caballus	59-66
20383981-16	2009	POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Insulin sensitivity decreases after carbohydrate overload in horses, which may be relevant to the development of pasture-associated laminitis.	Carbohydrates	57-69	INS	Equus caballus	21-28
19729152-0	2009	Recent progress in heteronuclear long-range NMR of complex carbohydrates: 3D H2BC and clean HMBC.	Carbohydrates	59-72	H2B clustered histone 13	Homo sapiens	77-81
19729152-1	2009	The new NMR experiments 3D H2BC and clean HMBC are explored for challenging applications to a complex carbohydrate at natural abundance of (13)C. The 3D H2BC experiment is crucial for sequential assignment as it yields heteronuclear one- and two-bond together with COSY correlations for the (1)H spins, all in a single spectrum with good resolution and non-informative diagonal-type peaks suppressed.	Carbohydrates	102-114	H2B clustered histone 13	Homo sapiens	27-31
19729152-1	2009	The new NMR experiments 3D H2BC and clean HMBC are explored for challenging applications to a complex carbohydrate at natural abundance of (13)C. The 3D H2BC experiment is crucial for sequential assignment as it yields heteronuclear one- and two-bond together with COSY correlations for the (1)H spins, all in a single spectrum with good resolution and non-informative diagonal-type peaks suppressed.	Carbohydrates	102-114	H2B clustered histone 13	Homo sapiens	153-157
19729152-3	2009	Both experiments work well for one of the largest carbohydrates whose structure has been determined by NMR, not least due to the enhanced resolution offered by the third dimension in 3D H2BC and the improved spectral quality due to artifact suppression in clean HMBC.	Carbohydrates	50-63	H2B clustered histone 13	Homo sapiens	186-190
19808884-8	2009	The sperm-binding activity of OGP is carbohydrate-dependent and restricted to a relatively minor peanut agglutinin (PNA)-binding glycoform that preferentially associates with the sperm surface, zona pellucida and perivitelline space, relative to other more abundant glycoforms.	Carbohydrates	37-49	oviductal glycoprotein 1	Mus musculus	30-33
19755493-7	2009	Experiments involving knockdown of beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminytransferase V, an enzyme that synthesizes high-affinity glycan ligands for Gal-3, revealed that carbohydrate-mediated interaction between Gal-3 and complex N-glycans on alpha3beta1 integrin plays a key role in Gal-3-induced lamellipodia formation.	Carbohydrates	159-171	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	138-143
19755493-7	2009	Experiments involving knockdown of beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminytransferase V, an enzyme that synthesizes high-affinity glycan ligands for Gal-3, revealed that carbohydrate-mediated interaction between Gal-3 and complex N-glycans on alpha3beta1 integrin plays a key role in Gal-3-induced lamellipodia formation.	Carbohydrates	159-171	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	201-206
19755493-7	2009	Experiments involving knockdown of beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminytransferase V, an enzyme that synthesizes high-affinity glycan ligands for Gal-3, revealed that carbohydrate-mediated interaction between Gal-3 and complex N-glycans on alpha3beta1 integrin plays a key role in Gal-3-induced lamellipodia formation.	Carbohydrates	159-171	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	201-206
19589860-7	2009	In addition, similar reductions in in vitro bioactivity and betaglycan+ActRIIA/B binding between 31- and 34-kDa inhibins A and B are attributed to hindrance by the additional carbohydrate group at Asn(302) in the formation of a functional inhibin+betaglycan+ActRIIA/B complex.	Carbohydrates	175-187	actin, beta	Rattus norvegicus	71-80
19322671-10	2009	Therefore, dietary amounts of carbohydrate, fat, protein and fiber can all have an individual impact on post-prandial glycemia and subsequent insulin requirement levels.	Carbohydrates	30-42	insulin	Felis catus	142-149
19609866-2	2009	It includes an N-terminal signal sequence, a carbohydrate recognition domain, which is calcium-dependent and pH-sensitive, a stalk region, a transmembrane domain, and a short cytoplasmic domain; ERGIC-53 mainly acts as a receptor of a limited number of glycoprotein and transports them from ER to ERGIC and Golgi, meanwhile it has a secondary glycoprotein quality control function.	Carbohydrates	45-57	lectin, mannose binding 1	Homo sapiens	195-203
19641853-0	2009	Conformational entropy changes upon lactose binding to the carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-3.	Carbohydrates	59-71	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	94-104
19641853-3	2009	Here we have probed the conformational entropy of lactose binding to the carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-3 (Gal3), a protein that plays an important role in cell growth, cell differentiation, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis, making it a potential target for therapeutic intervention in inflammation and cancer.	Carbohydrates	73-85	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	108-118
19641853-3	2009	Here we have probed the conformational entropy of lactose binding to the carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-3 (Gal3), a protein that plays an important role in cell growth, cell differentiation, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis, making it a potential target for therapeutic intervention in inflammation and cancer.	Carbohydrates	73-85	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	120-124
19724684-4	2009	In this study, we tested the hypothesis that inhibiting galectin-3 antiapoptotic function using a synthetic low-molecular weight carbohydrate-based compound lactulosyl-L-leucine (Lac-L-Leu) will augment apoptosis induced in human cancer cells by paclitaxel and increase its efficacy against established metastases.	Carbohydrates	129-141	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	56-66
19552408-4	2009	The Tn-PS A1 conjugate construct confers specificity toward the Tn antigen alone, and specific carbohydrate immunoglobulins, namely, IgG3, are generated from intraperitoneal immunizations with or without adjuvant.	Carbohydrates	95-107	Immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 3	Mus musculus	133-137
19561300-5	2009	Although the N-terminal domain of betaGRP has a beta-sandwich fold, often seen in carbohydrate-binding modules, both NMR titration experiments and mutational analysis showed that betaGRP has a binding mechanism which is distinct from those observed in previously reported carbohydarate-binding domains.	Carbohydrates	82-94	beta-1,3-glucan-binding protein	Bombyx mori	34-41
19594637-6	2009	The hydrophobic alkyl chains are buried in the CD1d groove, with the carbohydrate exposed for TCR recognition, together with the surface of the CD1d molecule.	Carbohydrates	69-81	CD1c molecule	Homo sapiens	47-50
19319984-7	2009	These findings suggest that a high carbohydrate intake and diets with high glycemic index and glycemic load may increase the risk of developing ER+/PR- breast cancer.	Carbohydrates	35-47	progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens	148-150
20187525-3	2009	The change ratio of the maximum amplitude of small intestinal contractions in the fat solution (140.6 +/- 46.5%) and the protein solution (123.9 +/- 34.0%) was significantly less than in the carbohydrate solution (222.0 +/- 107.8%) in the proximal small intestine (P &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	191-203	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	82-85
19541642-0	2009	FGF21 induces PGC-1alpha and regulates carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism during the adaptive starvation response.	Carbohydrates	39-51	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	0-5
19541642-6	2009	These results reveal an unexpected relationship between FGF21 and PGC-1alpha and demonstrate an important role for FGF21 in coordinately regulating carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism during the progression from fasting to starvation.	Carbohydrates	148-160	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	115-120
19349156-6	2009	These showed that the imprinted materials when challenged with Fru-Val had an open circuit response of approximately 5.0x10(-3) V. D-fructose (10 mM), a component of the template, when introduced into the cell gave a far more significant change in the open circuit potential (DeltaE(oc)= approximately 2.9x10(-3) V) than did a similar concentration of d-glucose, a non-template carbohydrate (DeltaE(oc)= approximately 4.0x10(-4) V).	Carbohydrates	378-390	zinc finger and BTB domain containing 22	Homo sapiens	63-66
19208354-12	2009	Mutant LPH accumulates predominantly in the endoplasmic reticulum but can partially mature at a permissive temperature; these features are unique for a protein involved in a carbohydrate malabsorption defect implicating LPH.	Carbohydrates	174-186	lactase	Homo sapiens	7-10
19208354-12	2009	Mutant LPH accumulates predominantly in the endoplasmic reticulum but can partially mature at a permissive temperature; these features are unique for a protein involved in a carbohydrate malabsorption defect implicating LPH.	Carbohydrates	174-186	lactase	Homo sapiens	220-223
19234371-8	2009	Since Ts4-reactive antigen, potentially a carbohydrate chain, is only observed in reproduction-related areas such as the testis, epididymal sperm-head and early embryo, it is expected to have an effect on fertilization.	Carbohydrates	42-54	Trichinella spiralis resistance 4	Mus musculus	6-9
19059388-4	2009	The altered activities of the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism such as hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase in liver and kidney tissues of diabetic rats were significantly (p&lt;0.05) reverted to near normal levels by the administration of resveratrol.	Carbohydrates	45-57	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	181-214
20666984-12	2010	Insulin concentrations were positively correlated with grass carbohydrate composition.	Carbohydrates	61-73	INS	Equus caballus	0-7
20713592-8	2010	Collectively, these data suggest that galectin-3 modulates VEGF- and bFGF-mediated angiogenesis by binding via its carbohydrate recognition domain, to the GnTV synthesized N-glycans of integrin alphavbeta3, and subsequently activating the signaling pathways that promote the growth of new blood vessels.	Carbohydrates	115-127	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	38-48
20621491-1	2010	The peptide hormone ghrelin, which is the natural ligand of the membrane-bound growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R), regulates overall body and cell growth, energy homeostasis, carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism and water electrolyte balance.	Carbohydrates	185-197	growth hormone secretagogue receptor	Homo sapiens	79-115
20621491-1	2010	The peptide hormone ghrelin, which is the natural ligand of the membrane-bound growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R), regulates overall body and cell growth, energy homeostasis, carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism and water electrolyte balance.	Carbohydrates	185-197	growth hormone secretagogue receptor	Homo sapiens	117-122
25002471-3	2014	We adapted the pattern-recognition receptor Dectin-1 to activate T cells via chimeric CD28 and CD3-zeta (designated "D-CAR") upon binding with carbohydrate in the cell wall of Aspergillus germlings.	Carbohydrates	143-155	CD28 molecule	Homo sapiens	86-90
21423786-2	2009	A tandem repeat of unglycosylated human tumor-associated MUC1, a potential target for cancer immunotherapy, was incorporated into the known unimolecular pentavalent carbohydrate construct (5).	Carbohydrates	165-177	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	57-61
25077071-0	2014	Carbohydrate-mediated modulation of NK cell receptor function: structural and functional influences of heparan sulfate moieties expressed on NK cell surface.	Carbohydrates	0-12	killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor, two Ig domains and long cytoplasmic tail 4	Homo sapiens	36-52
19147673-1	2009	It is well established that leptin increases the sensitivity of carbohydrate metabolism to the effects of insulin.	Carbohydrates	64-76	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	28-34
19222367-2	2009	Because of mRNA instability, interactions with resident endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones, and the requirement for carbohydrate-facilitated transport from the ER to the Golgi apparatus, fVIII is expressed at much lower levels from mammalian cells than other proteins of similar size and complexity.	Carbohydrates	119-131	coagulation factor VIII	Homo sapiens	190-195
20193098-7	2010	In contrast to other studies, in which energy sources were elevated instead of being reduced, the present trial contradicts the often suggested negative impact of carbohydrates on insulin sensitivity in carnivores, and shows that reducing the dietary carbohydrate content below common amounts for commercial foods evokes an insulin-resistant state, which can be explained by the cats" strict carnivorous nature.	Carbohydrates	163-176	insulin	Felis catus	180-187
20193098-7	2010	In contrast to other studies, in which energy sources were elevated instead of being reduced, the present trial contradicts the often suggested negative impact of carbohydrates on insulin sensitivity in carnivores, and shows that reducing the dietary carbohydrate content below common amounts for commercial foods evokes an insulin-resistant state, which can be explained by the cats" strict carnivorous nature.	Carbohydrates	163-175	insulin	Felis catus	180-187
25293992-10	2014	Functionally, the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and to a lesser extent, the metabolism of cofactors and vitamins were most dominant, and of which the enzymes beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21), beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) and beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.52) were most dominant.	Carbohydrates	32-45	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	202-220
20385555-9	2010	Expression analysis using a red fluorescent protein marker showed that bus-2 is expressed in the posterior gut, cuticle seam cells, and spermatheca, the first two of which are likely to be involved in secreting the carbohydrate-rich surface coat of the cuticle.	Carbohydrates	215-227	Hexosyltransferase	Caenorhabditis elegans	71-76
20641412-5	2004	Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a carbohydrate-binding protein (30 kDa) with a highly conserved carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) at the C-terminus (4).	Carbohydrates	24-36	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
20641412-5	2004	Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a carbohydrate-binding protein (30 kDa) with a highly conserved carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) at the C-terminus (4).	Carbohydrates	24-36	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	12-17
20641412-10	2004	Interactions of Gal-3 with certain carbohydrates and ECM proteins promote tumor cell adhesion and metastasis through inhibition of tumor cell apoptosis and induction of endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis (7-11).	Carbohydrates	35-48	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	16-21
20369839-3	2010	Clear cooperation was observed in the high-affinity binding (K(d) = 4.0 x 10(-7) M) of the carbohydrate to two subunits of the dimeric CD69 (Hill coefficient 1.94).	Carbohydrates	91-103	CD69 molecule	Homo sapiens	135-139
24966856-3	2014	The majority of characterized LacI-TFs sense sugar effectors and regulate carbohydrate utilization genes.	Carbohydrates	74-86	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Homo sapiens	30-34
20479940-5	2010	Pngl lacks a CXXC motif that is critical for enzymatic activity in other species and accordingly did not appear to possess PNGase activity, though it still retains carbohydrate-binding activity.	Carbohydrates	164-176	PNGase-like	Drosophila melanogaster	0-4
24966856-9	2014	The global LacI-TFs include the previously known regulators CcpA in Firmicutes, FruR in Enterobacteria, and PurR in Gammaproteobacteria, as well as the three novel regulators-GluR, GapR, and PckR-that are predicted to control the central carbohydrate metabolism in three lineages of Alphaproteobacteria.	Carbohydrates	238-250	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Homo sapiens	11-15
19350579-3	2009	In humans, we now show that DC-HIL also binds to SD-4 on activated T cells through recognition of its heparinase-sensitive saccharide moiety.	Carbohydrates	123-133	syndecan 4	Homo sapiens	49-53
24753245-0	2014	Carbohydrate sequence of the prostate cancer-associated antigen F77 assigned by a mucin O-glycome designer array.	Carbohydrates	0-12	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	82-87
20348404-7	2010	The hemopexin N-glycan profile was determined by use of the DNA sequencer-assisted fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis technique.	Carbohydrates	104-116	hemopexin	Homo sapiens	4-13
24847021-4	2014	PEP acts as phosphoryl donor for enzyme I (EI), which, together with HPr and one of several EIIA and EIIB pairs, forms a phosphorylation cascade which allows phosphorylation of the cognate carbohydrate bound to the membrane-spanning EIIC.	Carbohydrates	189-201	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	69-72
20067961-2	2010	Saturated fat and carbohydrates, components of the HFHC meal, known to induce oxidative stress and inflammation, also induce an increase in LPS, TLR-4, and SOCS3.	Carbohydrates	18-31	suppressor of cytokine signaling 3	Homo sapiens	156-161
19008923-1	2009	We examined the expression of galectin-1, an endogenous lectin with one carbohydrate-binding domain, in the adult mouse hippocampus after systemic kainate administration.	Carbohydrates	72-84	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 1	Mus musculus	30-40
24837829-9	2014	We conclude that Gal3 functionally integrates carbohydrate specificity on cargo proteins with the capacity of GSLs to drive clathrin-independent plasma membrane bending as a first step of CLIC biogenesis.	Carbohydrates	46-58	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	17-21
19162326-1	2009	Antigen presenting cells (APC) express a variety of pattern recognition receptors, including the C-type lectin receptors (CLR) that specifically recognize carbohydrate structures expressed on self-tissue and pathogens.	Carbohydrates	155-167	calcitonin receptor	Mus musculus	97-120
19162326-1	2009	Antigen presenting cells (APC) express a variety of pattern recognition receptors, including the C-type lectin receptors (CLR) that specifically recognize carbohydrate structures expressed on self-tissue and pathogens.	Carbohydrates	155-167	calcitonin receptor	Mus musculus	122-125
20202847-1	2010	In addition to the sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS) dedicated to carbohydrate uptake, many Gram-negative bacteria possess a so-called nitrogen PTS (PTS(Ntr)).	Carbohydrates	76-88	neurotensin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	154-158
20202847-1	2010	In addition to the sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS) dedicated to carbohydrate uptake, many Gram-negative bacteria possess a so-called nitrogen PTS (PTS(Ntr)).	Carbohydrates	76-88	neurotensin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	159-167
24556360-2	2014	We showed recently that in transfected cells carbohydrates attached adjacent to the signal peptide of GP3 inhibit cleavage.	Carbohydrates	45-58	glycoprotein 3 (GP3)	Equine arteritis virus	102-105
19201713-2	2009	The major macromolecular constituents of normal mucus, the mucin glycoproteins, are large, heavily glycosylated proteins with a defining feature of tandemly repeating sequences of amino acids rich in serine and threonine, the linkage sites for large carbohydrate structures.	Carbohydrates	250-262	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	59-64
19576699-4	2010	Conversely, increases in cAMP induced by incretin hormones promote the nuclear importation of PDX-1, counteracting the diabetogenic impact of oxidant stress; this may explain the utility of measures that slow dietary carbohydrate absorption for diabetes prevention.	Carbohydrates	217-229	pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	94-99
24556146-4	2014	The designed glycomimetics were evaluated by in vitro assay of the isolated DC-SIGN extracellular domain for their ability to compete with HIV-1 gp120 for binding to the DC-SIGN carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	178-190	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	145-150
20026605-0	2010	Dual specificity of Langerin to sulfated and mannosylated glycans via a single C-type carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	86-98	CD207 molecule	Homo sapiens	20-28
19001043-2	2009	We hypothesized that PDK4 up-regulation, which inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC)-dependent carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation, would negatively affect muscle function during sustained contraction where the demand on CHO is markedly increased.	Carbohydrates	103-115	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4	Rattus norvegicus	21-25
19222084-6	2009	It was also observed that D-(-)-threose is a good acceptor substrate for FSA, opening new synthetic possibilities for the preparation of important novel complex carbohydrate-related compounds from aldoses.	Carbohydrates	161-173	bridge-like lipid transfer protein family member 1	Homo sapiens	73-76
24625754-12	2014	We suggest that soluble Fat1 may find an application as a marker for patient monitoring complementing carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9).	Carbohydrates	102-114	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	24-28
18661232-2	2009	Avian virus HA binds exclusively and NA digests efficiently alpha2-3-sialylated carbohydrate chains, while human virus HA interacts with alpha2-6 chains and low-active NA cleaves both alpha2-3- and alpha2-6-sialosides.	Carbohydrates	80-92	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	37-39
20026047-6	2010	These scaffolds provide attractive starting points for the development of non-carbohydrate, drug-like OGA inhibitors.	Carbohydrates	78-90	O-GlcNAcase	Homo sapiens	102-105
24505439-8	2014	These data are consistent with the notion that altered Neu5Gc and CT carbohydrate expression may modify disease severity resulting from dystrophin deficiency in dogs and humans.	Carbohydrates	69-81	dystrophin	Canis lupus familiaris	136-146
19616076-2	2010	Within the 15-member galectin family of proteins, Gal3 (M(r) approximately 30,000) is the sole representative of the chimera subclass in which a proline- and glycine-rich NH(2)-terminal domain is fused onto a COOH-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain responsible for binding galactose-containing glycoconjugates.	Carbohydrates	223-235	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	50-54
19616076-10	2010	Although the majority of these interactions occur via the carbohydrate recognition domain of Gal3 and saccharide ligands such as lactose can perturb some of these interactions, the significance of the protein"s carbohydrate-binding activity, per se, remains a challenge for future investigations.	Carbohydrates	58-70	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	93-97
19616076-10	2010	Although the majority of these interactions occur via the carbohydrate recognition domain of Gal3 and saccharide ligands such as lactose can perturb some of these interactions, the significance of the protein"s carbohydrate-binding activity, per se, remains a challenge for future investigations.	Carbohydrates	211-223	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	93-97
19181865-7	2009	sut1 mutant plants hyperaccumulate carbohydrates in mature leaves and display leaf chlorosis with premature senescence.	Carbohydrates	35-48	sucrose transporter 1	Zea mays	0-4
24778281-0	2014	Microvesicle cargo of tumor-associated MUC1 to dendritic cells allows cross-presentation and specific carbohydrate processing.	Carbohydrates	102-114	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	39-43
19252736-3	2009	The carbohydrate moiety sits above the TIM-barrel in a cleft region surrounded by aromatic residues.	Carbohydrates	4-16	Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 5	Homo sapiens	39-42
19830550-7	2010	The intact galectin-3 molecule contains a carbohydrate recognition domain and a non-lectin domain that interacts with protein and lipid moieties.	Carbohydrates	42-54	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	11-21
19830550-8	2010	The identification of a monovalent galectin-3 fragment with conserved carbohydrate-binding activity indicates the functional relevance of this truncation and suggests a regulatory mechanism for galectin-3 in prostasomes.	Carbohydrates	70-82	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	35-45
24297792-0	2014	Carbohydrate feeding dissociates the postprandial FGF19 response from circulating bile acid levels in humans.	Carbohydrates	0-12	fibroblast growth factor 19	Homo sapiens	50-55
19903819-10	2010	These findings uncover a novel relationship between GPI, involved in carbohydrate metabolism, and PAP1, a lipogenic enzyme.	Carbohydrates	69-81	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	52-55
19000577-8	2008	Research on wild-type and mutant recombinant molecules in vivo and in vitro showed that SP-A and SP-D bind carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids with a broad-spectrum specificity and initiate phagocytosis of inhaled pathogens as well as apoptotic cells.	Carbohydrates	107-120	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	88-92
24297792-2	2014	OBJECTIVE: We sought to understand how ingestion of carbohydrates, protein or lipids affect both FGF19 and bile acid concentrations in human plasma, with the hypothesis that variation in the bile acid response to different macronutrients would predict differences in plasma FGF19 levels.	Carbohydrates	52-65	fibroblast growth factor 19	Homo sapiens	97-102
24451248-0	2014	Saccharide substituted zinc phthalocyanines: optical properties, interaction with bovine serum albumin and near infrared fluorescence imaging for sentinel lymph nodes.	Carbohydrates	0-10	albumin	Mus musculus	89-102
18801964-0	2008	Fat adaptation followed by carbohydrate restoration increases AMPK activity in skeletal muscle from trained humans.	Carbohydrates	27-39	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	62-66
20133977-5	2010	When G-CSF and the carbohydrate compound were co-administered, a small but non-significant increase of granulopoiesis compared to G-CSF alone was detected.	Carbohydrates	19-31	colony stimulating factor 3 (granulocyte)	Mus musculus	130-135
24418603-1	2014	Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) provides a molecular link between carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	65-77	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	0-24
19787799-7	2009	The p.Trp67Ser mutation was located in the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), which is thought to participate in the selective binding of LMAN1 to the D-mannose of glycoproteins as well as the EF-motif of MCFD2.	Carbohydrates	43-55	lectin, mannose binding 1	Homo sapiens	142-147
19589869-4	2009	The phenotypes of hepatic Fgf21 transgenic or knockdown mice and high-fat, low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet-fed mice suggests that Fgf21 stimulates lipolysis in the white adipose tissue during normal feeding and is required for ketogenesis and triglyceride clearance in the liver during fasting.	Carbohydrates	79-91	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	130-135
18941255-8	2008	These results suggest that the vaccine-induced CTLs recognize a 47-LDA cross-reactive epitope expressed by CD166, and reveal a novel mechanism of induction of potent tumor-specific cellular responses by mimotopes of tumor-associated carbohydrate Ags.	Carbohydrates	233-245	activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	107-112
19533865-11	2008	HMW-Ad were negatively correlated with intakes of both carbohydrate (group I food of Ministry of Health, Welfare and Labor) and sugar.	Carbohydrates	55-67	cilia and flagella associated protein 97	Homo sapiens	0-3
25300940-9	2014	CONCLUSION: The increase in carbohydrate brain concentrations evoked by prenatal stress may result from changes in the amounts of glucose transporters, especially GLUT1.	Carbohydrates	28-40	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	163-168
18509109-4	2008	The carbohydrate-recognition domain of human and mouse Mincle were expressed, purified under denaturing conditions, and successfully refolded.	Carbohydrates	4-16	C-type lectin domain family 4, member e	Mus musculus	55-61
19102415-2	2008	Among others, carbohydrate structures of MUC 1 mucin are also considered by some authors as being important in the mechanism of infection.	Carbohydrates	14-26	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	41-46
19499345-5	2009	In order to investigate the role of glycosylation, a deglycosylated form of FVIII was generated by enzymatic cleavage of carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	121-133	coagulation factor VIII	Homo sapiens	76-81
24739253-5	2014	AtGlcAt14A belongs to the family GT14 in the Carbohydrate Active Enzyme database (CAZy; www.cazy.org), in which a total of 11 proteins, including AtGLCAT14A, are classified from Arabidopsis thaliana.	Carbohydrates	45-57	Core-2/I-branching beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-10
19468685-4	2009	The IRE1/XBP1 branch of the UPR is activated by high dietary carbohydrates and controls the expression of genes involved in fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis.	Carbohydrates	61-74	endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1	Homo sapiens	4-8
18259788-5	2008	Gene ontology analysis showed that the main up-regulated genes were those associated with transport activity (amino acid, glucose, and ion transporters), lipid and carbohydrate metabolism (lipoprotein lipase, acetyl-Coenzyme A synthetases, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase, etc.	Carbohydrates	164-176	lipoprotein lipase	Felis catus	189-207
24484550-1	2014	Sialic acid is a carbohydrate moiety of k-casein glycomacropeptide (GMP), which is a 64 amino acid residue C-terminal sialylated phosphorylated glycopeptide released from k-casein by the action of chymosin during cheese making.	Carbohydrates	17-29	chymosin	Bos taurus	197-205
18448074-0	2008	Unlike mammalian GRIFIN, the zebrafish homologue (DrGRIFIN) represents a functional carbohydrate-binding galectin.	Carbohydrates	84-96	galectin-related inter-fiber protein	Homo sapiens	17-23
19406828-1	2009	Heparanase is an endo-beta-glucuronidase that specifically cleaves the saccharide chains of heparan sulfate proteoglycans.	Carbohydrates	71-81	glucuronidase beta	Homo sapiens	22-40
20144330-9	2009	CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate the feasibility of bihormonal closed-loop BG regulation using a control system that employs SC infusion of insulin and glucagon as governed by an algorithm that reacts only to BG without any feed-forward information regarding carbohydrate consumption or physical activity.	Carbohydrates	254-266	insulin	Sus scrofa	135-142
24100084-4	2013	Liver X receptors alpha (NR1H3) and beta (NR1H2) play a key role in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	78-90	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 3	Homo sapiens	25-30
19435686-3	2009	It is a mucin with a carbohydrate content estimated to be 24-28%.	Carbohydrates	21-33	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	8-13
20483215-6	2008	The response of some genes to dietary manipulation varied by sex; with increased dietary carbohydrate, males up-regulated genes associated with oxidative metabolism (e.g. hadhbeta) while females up-regulated genes associated with glucose phosphorylation (e.g. glucokinase).	Carbohydrates	89-101	glucokinase (hexokinase 4)	Danio rerio	260-271
24290753-4	2013	The UCP1 was thermogenically functional, in that these mitochondria exhibited UCP1-dependent thermogenesis with lipid or carbohydrate substrates with canonical guanosine diphosphate (GDP) sensitivity and loss of thermogenesis in UCP1 knockout (KO) mice.	Carbohydrates	121-133	uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	4-8
18189317-1	2008	We showed previously that the addition to cultured oligodendrocytes (OLs) of multivalent carbohydrate in the form of liposomes containing the two major glycosphingolipids (GSLs) of myelin, galactosylceramide (GalC) and cerebroside sulfate (Sulf), or galactose conjugated to bovine serum albumin caused clustering of GalC on the extracellular surface and myelin basic protein (MBP) on the cytosolic surface.	Carbohydrates	89-101	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	354-374
18189317-1	2008	We showed previously that the addition to cultured oligodendrocytes (OLs) of multivalent carbohydrate in the form of liposomes containing the two major glycosphingolipids (GSLs) of myelin, galactosylceramide (GalC) and cerebroside sulfate (Sulf), or galactose conjugated to bovine serum albumin caused clustering of GalC on the extracellular surface and myelin basic protein (MBP) on the cytosolic surface.	Carbohydrates	89-101	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	376-379
19380755-0	2009	Comment on "Engineering antibody heavy chain CDR3 to create a phage display Fab library rich in antibodies that bind charged carbohydrates".	Carbohydrates	125-138	CDR3	Homo sapiens	45-49
24290753-4	2013	The UCP1 was thermogenically functional, in that these mitochondria exhibited UCP1-dependent thermogenesis with lipid or carbohydrate substrates with canonical guanosine diphosphate (GDP) sensitivity and loss of thermogenesis in UCP1 knockout (KO) mice.	Carbohydrates	121-133	uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	78-82
24290753-4	2013	The UCP1 was thermogenically functional, in that these mitochondria exhibited UCP1-dependent thermogenesis with lipid or carbohydrate substrates with canonical guanosine diphosphate (GDP) sensitivity and loss of thermogenesis in UCP1 knockout (KO) mice.	Carbohydrates	121-133	uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	78-82
23988487-3	2013	Gain- and loss-of-function studies have demonstrated that both FXR and TGR5 play important roles in regulating lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and inflammatory responses.	Carbohydrates	121-133	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4	Homo sapiens	63-66
19224860-10	2009	Thus gp120-mediated HIV binding occurs via the calcium-dependent, non-calcium-dependent carbohydrate recognition domains and the cysteine-rich domain at the C terminus of MR dimers, presenting a much broader target for potential inhibitors of gp120-MR binding.	Carbohydrates	88-100	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	5-10
18272393-0	2008	Recombinant production and characterization of the carbohydrate recognition domain from Atlantic salmon C-type lectin receptor C (SCLRC).	Carbohydrates	51-63	C type lectin receptor C	Salmo salar	104-128
23767872-2	2013	One of these potential vulnerabilities includes the dense cluster of carbohydrates surrounding HIV-1"s envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41, typically referred to as the "glycan shield."	Carbohydrates	69-82	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	126-131
18310066-0	2008	Generation of tumour-rejecting anti-carbohydrate monoclonal antibodies using melanoma modified with Fas ligand.	Carbohydrates	36-48	Fas ligand (TNF superfamily, member 6)	Mus musculus	100-110
18310066-9	2008	FasL-expressing tumours as an adjuvant are a novel way to generate anti-carbohydrate antibodies able to reject tumours in vivo.	Carbohydrates	72-84	Fas ligand (TNF superfamily, member 6)	Mus musculus	0-4
17878606-3	2008	FGF15/19 produced by intestine inhibits bile acid synthesis and FGF21from liver is involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	95-107	fibroblast growth factor 19	Homo sapiens	0-8
19074510-8	2009	Duox1/Duoxa1alpha and Duox2/Duoxa2 pairs produce the highest levels of hydrogen peroxide, as they undergo Golgi-based carbohydrate modifications and form stable cell surface complexes.	Carbohydrates	118-130	dual oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
19303548-4	2009	It also reviews the terminology used to describe glucose and insulin responses to the ingestion of carbohydrates, in particular the concept of the glycemic index.	Carbohydrates	99-112	INS	Equus caballus	61-68
23859222-8	2013	Consequently, these spectral techniques were shown to monitor the formation of transient entanglements formed by brush-brush interactions between oligosaccharide combs of mucin molecules identifying changes in both carbohydrate and protein moieties.	Carbohydrates	215-227	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	171-176
23850735-0	2013	Evaluation of a commercially available carbohydrate deficient transferrin kit to detect beta-2-transferrin in cerebrospinal fluid using capillary electrophoresis.	Carbohydrates	39-51	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	88-94
18254975-7	2008	CONCLUSION: Fat loss under LC and LF diet regimes appears to have distinct mechanisms, with PFKL and HNMT and RARB involved in fat restriction; and AGTR2 involved in carbohydrate restriction.	Carbohydrates	166-178	angiotensin II receptor type 2	Homo sapiens	148-153
24361107-7	2013	Out of several synthetic glycans representing Echinococcus LL structures, the KCR bound strongly in particular to those ending in Galalpha1-4Galbeta1-3 or Galalpha1-4Galbeta1-4GlcNAc, both characteristic LL carbohydrate motifs.	Carbohydrates	207-219	C-type lectin domain family 4, member f	Mus musculus	78-81
19144734-2	2009	Lupin kernel flour is high in protein and fiber and low in carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	59-71	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IIIA	Homo sapiens	0-5
19144734-9	2009	For lupin relative to control, the estimated mean (95% CI) net differences in protein, fiber, and carbohydrate intakes during the intervention were 13.7 g/d (95% CI: 2.3, 25.0 g/d), 12.5 g/d (95% CI: 8.8, 16.2 g/d), and -19.9 g/d (95% CI: -45.2, 5.5 g/d), respectively.	Carbohydrates	98-110	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IIIA	Homo sapiens	4-9
19003601-9	2008	The ability of CHI3L1 to bind both proteins and carbohydrates allows potential interactions with a variety of cell-surface and extracellular-matrix proteins, proteoglycans, and polysaccharides, and thus CHI3L1 can interface between proteomics and glycomics.	Carbohydrates	48-61	chitinase 3 like 1	Homo sapiens	15-21
23856421-4	2013	Carbohydrate deficient transferrin testing showed a pattern pointing to a CDG type I. Sanger sequencing of DPM1 (dolichol-P-mannose synthase subunit 1) revealed a novel Gly &gt; Val change c.455G &gt; T missense mutation resulting in p.Gly152Val) of unknown pathogenicity and deletion/duplication analysis revealed an intragenic deletion from exons 3 to 7 on the other allele.	Carbohydrates	0-12	dolichyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase subunit 1, catalytic	Homo sapiens	107-111
19003601-9	2008	The ability of CHI3L1 to bind both proteins and carbohydrates allows potential interactions with a variety of cell-surface and extracellular-matrix proteins, proteoglycans, and polysaccharides, and thus CHI3L1 can interface between proteomics and glycomics.	Carbohydrates	48-61	chitinase 3 like 1	Homo sapiens	203-209
18941298-8	2008	Because hematogenous metastasis is reduced when neutralizing antibodies or eliminating carbohydrates attenuates Aggrus function, Aggrus"s main contribution to hematogenous metastasis of Aggrus-expressing cells, then, is by promoting platelet aggregation.	Carbohydrates	87-100	podoplanin	Homo sapiens	129-135
18941298-8	2008	Because hematogenous metastasis is reduced when neutralizing antibodies or eliminating carbohydrates attenuates Aggrus function, Aggrus"s main contribution to hematogenous metastasis of Aggrus-expressing cells, then, is by promoting platelet aggregation.	Carbohydrates	87-100	podoplanin	Homo sapiens	129-135
18952711-0	2009	Serum complexes of insulin-like growth factor-1 modulate skeletal integrity and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	80-92	insulin-like growth factor 1	Mus musculus	19-47
24325099-0	2013	[The association study of the LIPC -250g/A polymorphism and high-carbohydrate/low-fat diet induced serum lipid and apolipoprotein concentration changes in healthy youth].	Carbohydrates	65-77	lipase C, hepatic type	Homo sapiens	30-34
24325099-1	2013	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of the - 250G/A polymorphism in the promoter region of hepatic lipase gene (LIPC) on serum lipid profile and its interactions with a high-carbohydrate/low-fat (HC/LF) diet on serum lipid profiles in a young healthy Chinese population.	Carbohydrates	173-185	lipase C, hepatic type	Homo sapiens	90-104
19261995-7	2009	Also, removal of the N-linked oligosaccharides on thyroglobulin reduced the proliferative activity of porcine thyroglobulin, suggesting that the proliferative effect of thyroglobulin is in part exerted by its carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	209-221	thyroglobulin	Bos taurus	50-63
19261995-7	2009	Also, removal of the N-linked oligosaccharides on thyroglobulin reduced the proliferative activity of porcine thyroglobulin, suggesting that the proliferative effect of thyroglobulin is in part exerted by its carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	209-221	thyroglobulin	Bos taurus	110-123
18222350-5	2008	The TfR-IgA1 interaction is dependent on carbohydrate moieties because hypoglycosylated IgA1 has superior binding to TfR than normally glycosylated IgA1.	Carbohydrates	41-53	transferrin receptor	Homo sapiens	4-7
24325099-1	2013	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of the - 250G/A polymorphism in the promoter region of hepatic lipase gene (LIPC) on serum lipid profile and its interactions with a high-carbohydrate/low-fat (HC/LF) diet on serum lipid profiles in a young healthy Chinese population.	Carbohydrates	173-185	lipase C, hepatic type	Homo sapiens	111-115
18222350-5	2008	The TfR-IgA1 interaction is dependent on carbohydrate moieties because hypoglycosylated IgA1 has superior binding to TfR than normally glycosylated IgA1.	Carbohydrates	41-53	transferrin receptor	Homo sapiens	117-120
19261995-7	2009	Also, removal of the N-linked oligosaccharides on thyroglobulin reduced the proliferative activity of porcine thyroglobulin, suggesting that the proliferative effect of thyroglobulin is in part exerted by its carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	209-221	thyroglobulin	Bos taurus	110-123
23685052-5	2013	The obtained IC50 values for known carbohydrate ligands of galectin-3 are in good agreement with the Kd values reported and measured for galectin-3 by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC).	Carbohydrates	35-47	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	59-69
18539357-3	2009	Recently, a novel carbohydrate-induced conformational tumor-associated MUC1 epitope (TA-MUC1) was described, whose clinical relevance in lung cancer is not known.	Carbohydrates	18-30	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	71-75
18539357-3	2009	Recently, a novel carbohydrate-induced conformational tumor-associated MUC1 epitope (TA-MUC1) was described, whose clinical relevance in lung cancer is not known.	Carbohydrates	18-30	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	88-92
17714777-7	2007	It was concluded that the 50-SCOS II may be useful for PEP inhibitor and for developing a new type PEP inhibitor from carbohydrate based materials.	Carbohydrates	118-130	prolyl endopeptidase	Homo sapiens	99-102
23685052-5	2013	The obtained IC50 values for known carbohydrate ligands of galectin-3 are in good agreement with the Kd values reported and measured for galectin-3 by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC).	Carbohydrates	35-47	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	137-147
17655523-1	2007	FXR (farnesoid X receptor), a nuclear receptor activated by BAs (bile acids), is a key factor in the regulation of BA, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	129-141	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4	Homo sapiens	0-3
17655523-1	2007	FXR (farnesoid X receptor), a nuclear receptor activated by BAs (bile acids), is a key factor in the regulation of BA, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	129-141	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4	Homo sapiens	5-25
18566914-0	2008	Structure of SO2946 orphan from Shewanella oneidensis shows "jelly-roll" fold with carbohydrate-binding module.	Carbohydrates	83-95	hypothetical protein	Shewanella oneidensis MR-1	13-19
23814060-9	2013	This binding could be inhibited by mannose and glucose, but not galactose, indicating that CL-L1 binds via its carbohydrate-recognition domain and has ligand specificity similar to that of mannan-binding lectin.	Carbohydrates	111-123	collectin subfamily member 10	Homo sapiens	91-96
18566914-4	2008	The function of SO2946 could not be inferred from the sequence since the protein represents an orphan with no sequence homologs, but the protein"s structure bears a fold similar to that of proteins containing carbohydrate-binding modules.	Carbohydrates	209-221	hypothetical protein	Shewanella oneidensis MR-1	16-22
18566914-5	2008	Features such as fold conservation, the presence of a conserved groove and a metal binding region are indicative that SO2946 may be an enzyme and could be involved in binding carbohydrate molecules.	Carbohydrates	175-187	hypothetical protein	Shewanella oneidensis MR-1	118-124
17537291-7	2007	When the proportion of daily fat ingested in the morning was high, less total food energy and carbohydrate and fat were ingested over the entire day.	Carbohydrates	94-106	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	29-32
17537291-10	2007	The results suggest that the morning intake association with reduced total intake is macronutrient specific, with morning carbohydrate, fat and protein intake associated with reduced daily carbohydrate, fat and protein intake, respectively.	Carbohydrates	122-134	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	203-206
17537291-10	2007	The results suggest that the morning intake association with reduced total intake is macronutrient specific, with morning carbohydrate, fat and protein intake associated with reduced daily carbohydrate, fat and protein intake, respectively.	Carbohydrates	189-201	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	136-139
17912239-7	2007	Benzyl-alpha-GalNAc (O-glycosylation inhibitor) was used to reduce mucin on cell surfaces, and neuraminidase was used to hydrolyse sialic acid at the distal end of carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	164-176	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	95-108
23895096-1	2013	Pradimicins (PRM) are a unique class of nonpeptidic carbohydrate-binding agents that inhibit HIV infection by efficiently binding to the HIV-1 envelope gp120 glycans in the obligatory presence of Ca(2+).	Carbohydrates	52-64	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	152-157
17951048-1	2007	Specialized subsets of T lymphocytes can distinguish the carbohydrate portions of microbial and self-glycolipids when they are presented by proteins in the CD1 family of antigen presenting molecules.	Carbohydrates	57-69	CD1c molecule	Homo sapiens	156-159
17951048-2	2007	Recent immunochemical and structural analyses indicate that the chemical composition of the presented carbohydrate, together with its precise orientation above the CD1 binding groove, determines if a particular T cell is activated.	Carbohydrates	102-114	CD1c molecule	Homo sapiens	164-167
18755856-2	2008	FXR is implicated in the regulation of bile acid, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	61-73	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4	Homo sapiens	0-3
23775083-6	2013	Although the interaction of CD23 with IgE is carbohydrate-independent, calcium has been reported to increase the affinity for IgE, but the structural basis for this activity has previously been unknown.	Carbohydrates	45-57	Fc epsilon receptor II	Homo sapiens	28-32
18662664-1	2008	Galectin-1 (Gal1) and galectin-3 (Gal3) are two members of a family of carbohydrate-binding proteins that are found in the nucleus and that participate in pre-mRNA splicing assayed in a cell-free system.	Carbohydrates	71-83	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	22-32
18662664-1	2008	Galectin-1 (Gal1) and galectin-3 (Gal3) are two members of a family of carbohydrate-binding proteins that are found in the nucleus and that participate in pre-mRNA splicing assayed in a cell-free system.	Carbohydrates	71-83	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	34-38
18662664-3	2008	Lactose and other saccharide ligands of the galectins inhibited GST-Gal3 pull-down of TFII-I while non-binding carbohydrates failed to yield the same effect.	Carbohydrates	18-28	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	68-72
17904937-8	2007	Because overall dietary quality tends to be higher for high-carbohydrate diets, a low-fat dietary strategy with emphasis on fiber-rich carbohydrates, particularly cereal fiber, may be beneficial for health and weight control.	Carbohydrates	135-148	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	86-89
23874867-8	2013	In contrast, the band of MUC7 stained for its carbohydrate components remained visible near its original position for a longer time indicating that the rapid loss of Western blot signal was due to the specific removal of the N-termimal epitope.	Carbohydrates	46-58	mucin 7, secreted	Homo sapiens	25-29
17521412-6	2007	Expression of HAG1/MYB28 was significantly induced by glucose, indicating a novel transcriptional regulatory mechanism for the integration of carbohydrate availability upon biotic challenge.	Carbohydrates	142-154	myb domain protein 28	Arabidopsis thaliana	14-18
17521412-6	2007	Expression of HAG1/MYB28 was significantly induced by glucose, indicating a novel transcriptional regulatory mechanism for the integration of carbohydrate availability upon biotic challenge.	Carbohydrates	142-154	myb domain protein 28	Arabidopsis thaliana	19-24
17451431-5	2007	Furthermore, cell fusion was reduced (specifically) by the disaccharide lactose, a known ligand for the carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin 3, suggesting that the association was functional.	Carbohydrates	104-116	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	139-149
23712085-4	2013	In this study, either the N- or C-terminus of the LHRH peptide was altered by attachment of carbohydrate moieties.	Carbohydrates	92-104	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Homo sapiens	50-54
17562468-4	2007	LA and LG activities alone and their ratio with organic-C (ratio index value, RIV), straw and grain yield were higher in DCM than MSWC-treated soils, due to higher amount of biogenic organic materials like water-soluble organic carbon, carbohydrate and mineralizable nitrogen in the former.	Carbohydrates	236-248	asparaginase and isoaspartyl peptidase 1	Bos taurus	0-2
23709226-0	2013	Structural characterization of carbohydrate binding by LMAN1 protein provides new insight into the endoplasmic reticulum export of factors V (FV) and VIII (FVIII).	Carbohydrates	31-43	lectin, mannose binding 1	Homo sapiens	55-60
17467811-6	2007	The knowledge on glycosylation of thymic microenvironments is however limited although the presence of C-type lectin receptors such as DC-SIGN, mannose receptor and DEC-205, which are specifically recognizing distinct carbohydrate moieties emphasize the importance of glycosylation in the thymus.	Carbohydrates	218-230	lymphocyte antigen 75	Homo sapiens	165-172
17475258-0	2007	The alpha(1,2)-mannosidase I inhibitor 1-deoxymannojirimycin potentiates the antiviral activity of carbohydrate-binding agents against wild-type and mutant HIV-1 strains containing glycan deletions in gp120.	Carbohydrates	99-111	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	201-206
23709226-0	2013	Structural characterization of carbohydrate binding by LMAN1 protein provides new insight into the endoplasmic reticulum export of factors V (FV) and VIII (FVIII).	Carbohydrates	31-43	coagulation factor VIII	Homo sapiens	156-161
17475258-1	2007	Exposure of carbohydrate-binding agents (CBAs) (i.e. the mannose-specific plant lectins Hippeastrum hybrid agglutinin and Galanthus nivalis agglutinin) to HIV-1 progressively select for mutant HIV-1 strains that contain N-glycan deletions in their envelope gp120.	Carbohydrates	12-24	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	257-262
23709226-5	2013	To understand the biochemical basis and regulation of LMAN1 binding to glycoprotein cargo, we solved crystal structures of the LMAN1-CRD bound to Man-alpha-1,2-Man, the terminal carbohydrate moiety of high mannose glycans.	Carbohydrates	178-190	lectin, mannose binding 1	Homo sapiens	54-59
23874946-0	2013	Fgf21 impairs adipocyte insulin sensitivity in mice fed a low-carbohydrate, high-fat ketogenic diet.	Carbohydrates	62-74	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	0-5
17351275-0	2007	Serum alanine aminotransferase levels decrease further with carbohydrate than fat restriction in insulin-resistant adults.	Carbohydrates	60-72	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	6-30
23874946-13	2013	In addition, our findings indicate that Fgf21 induced to express by KD is a negative regulator of adipocyte insulin sensitivity in adaptation to a low-carbohydrate malnutritional state.	Carbohydrates	151-163	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	40-45
23742692-4	2013	The model was confirmed by SPR analysis by the adsorption maxima on SAM surfaces with different compositions of saccharide and alkanesulfonate and additionally by CD detection of the conformation of LDL when in contact with saccharide.	Carbohydrates	112-122	sepiapterin reductase	Homo sapiens	27-30
17385862-6	2007	The approach is validated through the observation of bound-state RDCs for the disaccharide, lactose, bound to the carbohydrate recognition domain of the mammalian lectin, galectin-3.	Carbohydrates	114-126	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	171-181
23742692-4	2013	The model was confirmed by SPR analysis by the adsorption maxima on SAM surfaces with different compositions of saccharide and alkanesulfonate and additionally by CD detection of the conformation of LDL when in contact with saccharide.	Carbohydrates	224-234	sepiapterin reductase	Homo sapiens	27-30
23562456-4	2013	The putative YKL-40 ligands are thought to be carbohydrate structures, since it is capable of binding chitin, chito-oligosaccharides and heparin.	Carbohydrates	46-58	chitinase 3 like 1	Homo sapiens	13-19
17327679-2	2007	In addition to carbohydrate-dependent extracellular functions, galectin-3 participates in carbohydrate-independent intracellular signalling pathways, including apoptosis, via protein-protein interactions, some of which engage the carbohydrate-binding groove.	Carbohydrates	15-27	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	63-73
17327679-2	2007	In addition to carbohydrate-dependent extracellular functions, galectin-3 participates in carbohydrate-independent intracellular signalling pathways, including apoptosis, via protein-protein interactions, some of which engage the carbohydrate-binding groove.	Carbohydrates	90-102	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	63-73
17327679-2	2007	In addition to carbohydrate-dependent extracellular functions, galectin-3 participates in carbohydrate-independent intracellular signalling pathways, including apoptosis, via protein-protein interactions, some of which engage the carbohydrate-binding groove.	Carbohydrates	90-102	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	63-73
17327679-4	2007	Removal of cocrystallized lactose from the human galectin-3 carbohydrate-recognition domain was achieved via crystal soaking, but took weeks despite low affinity.	Carbohydrates	60-72	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	49-59
23580405-8	2013	Proteins involved in photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism, for example ferredoxin-NADP-reductase and malate dehydrogenase, are among the identified affected proteins in all comparisons.	Carbohydrates	40-52	ferredoxin reductase	Homo sapiens	77-102
17351907-7	2007	Thus, we suggested that the deletion of GTS1 as a transcriptional co-activator for these genes inhibited the metabolism of storage carbohydrates, which causes attenuation of the feedback loop of dehydrogenase reactions in glycolysis with the restricted fluctuation of ethanol as a main synchronizing agent for EMO in a cell population.	Carbohydrates	131-144	Gts1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	40-44
24417139-6	2013	CONCLUSION: Yield and content of carbohydrate from raw Paeoniae Radix Alba and stir-baked Paeoniae Radix Alba by water extraction-ethanol precipitation are a little higher than that by water extraction-acetone precipitation, but monosaccharide compositions are almost the same.	Carbohydrates	33-45	afamin	Homo sapiens	105-109
24417139-7	2013	Different preparation has significant impact on the yield and the content of carbohydrate in Paeoniae Radix Alba by stir-baked method, and it can decrease the dissolution of polysaccharide.	Carbohydrates	77-89	afamin	Homo sapiens	108-112
17255313-10	2007	We propose that carbohydrates of serum IgA are involved in the development of IgAN, whether the carbohydrates are O-glycans or N-glycans.	Carbohydrates	16-29	IGAN1	Homo sapiens	78-82
17255313-10	2007	We propose that carbohydrates of serum IgA are involved in the development of IgAN, whether the carbohydrates are O-glycans or N-glycans.	Carbohydrates	96-109	IGAN1	Homo sapiens	78-82
23763610-1	2013	Mucin-related carbohydrates are overexpressed on the surface of cancer cells, providing a disease-specific target for cancer immunotherapy.	Carbohydrates	14-27	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	0-5
17465334-3	2007	These findings have led to speculation that TRH may have a physiologic role in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	97-109	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	44-47
23509149-4	2013	Consistent with this carbohydrate pattern, both recombinant human and murine PECAM-1-Ig chimeras were shown to bind S. Typhimurium in a dose-dependent manner in vitro.	Carbohydrates	21-33	platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	77-84
17115886-6	2007	Thioredoxin and binding proteins (ASK1 and TBP2) appear to control apoptosis or metabolic states such as carbohydrate and lipid metabolism related to diseases such as diabetes and atherosclerosis.	Carbohydrates	105-117	TATA-box binding protein like 2	Homo sapiens	43-47
16934939-2	2007	The native molecular mass of purified F. merguiensis lectin (FmL) determined by gel filtration was 316.2 kDa and its carbohydrate content was estimated to be 4.4%.	Carbohydrates	117-129	lectin	Musa acuminata	53-59
22868829-11	2013	Together these results suggest that a diet with a high fat/carbohydrate ratio, but not total energy intake or the level of adiposity, is the best explanation for the decrease in striatal DRD2/3 availability observed in diet-induced obesity.	Carbohydrates	59-71	dopamine receptor D2	Rattus norvegicus	187-191
23313268-0	2013	The intestinal glucose-apelin cycle controls carbohydrate absorption in mice.	Carbohydrates	45-57	apelin	Mus musculus	23-29
17310598-8	2007	From the multivariate nutrient density model, substituting polyunsaturated fatty acid for carbohydrate was positively associated with BMI in women aged 20 to 49 (beta = 2.31, p &lt; 0.01).	Carbohydrates	90-102	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	162-170
23183383-4	2013	In the current study, we determined that cellular characteristics and carbohydrate metabolism were altered in 35S::TaEXPB23 transgenic tobacco plants.	Carbohydrates	70-82	EXPB23	Triticum aestivum	115-123
17177501-7	2006	In general, carbohydrates of DP3 showed the highest selectivity towards bifidobacteria; however, oligosaccharides with a higher molecular weight (DP6-DP7) also resulted in a selective fermentation.	Carbohydrates	12-25	APC regulator of WNT signaling pathway	Homo sapiens	29-32
18539808-7	2008	Genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism formed the dominant group specifically upregulated in breast milk and included putative genes for N-acetylglucosamine degradation and for metabolism of mucin and human milk oligosaccharides via the galactose/lacto-N-biose gene cluster.	Carbohydrates	18-30	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	194-199
17116003-9	2006	Through its systemic effects, circulating FGF19 may also mediate other known BA-dependent effects on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	111-123	fibroblast growth factor 19	Homo sapiens	42-47
23573304-20	2013	The presence of neutral and acidic carbohydrates in DP suggests that these carbohydrates of mucin are attached to the MUC5AC and MUC6 mucin core proteins.	Carbohydrates	35-48	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	92-97
23573304-20	2013	The presence of neutral and acidic carbohydrates in DP suggests that these carbohydrates of mucin are attached to the MUC5AC and MUC6 mucin core proteins.	Carbohydrates	35-48	mucin 6, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	129-133
23573304-20	2013	The presence of neutral and acidic carbohydrates in DP suggests that these carbohydrates of mucin are attached to the MUC5AC and MUC6 mucin core proteins.	Carbohydrates	35-48	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	134-139
17064072-5	2006	The qualitative structure-activity for all derivatives demonstrated that the stereochemical diversity present within the carbohydrate tails effectively interrogated the CA active site topology, to generate several inhibitors that were potent and selective toward hCA IX, an important outcome in the quest for potential cancer therapy applications based on CA inhibition.	Carbohydrates	121-133	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	263-269
23573304-20	2013	The presence of neutral and acidic carbohydrates in DP suggests that these carbohydrates of mucin are attached to the MUC5AC and MUC6 mucin core proteins.	Carbohydrates	75-88	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	92-97
18363612-1	2008	Insulin is a pancreatic hormone that classically regulates carbohydrate and fat metabolism, but also appears to play a role in various reproductive processes.	Carbohydrates	59-71	INS	Equus caballus	0-7
23573304-20	2013	The presence of neutral and acidic carbohydrates in DP suggests that these carbohydrates of mucin are attached to the MUC5AC and MUC6 mucin core proteins.	Carbohydrates	75-88	mucin 6, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	129-133
23220946-3	2013	Collectin-11 binds to carbohydrate residues present on various microorganisms.	Carbohydrates	22-34	collectin subfamily member 11	Homo sapiens	0-12
18546155-4	2008	As well as the known alpha-Gal antigens, some of these glycans contained novel non-Gal carbohydrate antigens such as (Neu5Gc-Gal-GlcNAc) and Gal alpha 1-3 Lewis(x) (Gal-Gal-(Fuc)GlcNAc) which have not been reported before in N-glycans from pig organs.	Carbohydrates	87-99	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Sus scrofa	83-86
18546155-4	2008	As well as the known alpha-Gal antigens, some of these glycans contained novel non-Gal carbohydrate antigens such as (Neu5Gc-Gal-GlcNAc) and Gal alpha 1-3 Lewis(x) (Gal-Gal-(Fuc)GlcNAc) which have not been reported before in N-glycans from pig organs.	Carbohydrates	87-99	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Sus scrofa	83-86
17071557-7	2006	Several carbohydrates and polyalcohol sources could be efficiently metabolized by Coccidioides spp.	Carbohydrates	8-21	histocompatibility minor 13	Homo sapiens	95-98
17111088-11	2006	The carbohydrate-binding specificity of PPL was further examined by frontal affinity chromatography using 37 different pyridylaminated oligosaccharides.	Carbohydrates	4-16	periplakin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	40-43
17111088-15	2006	Together, these results suggest that PPL is a new member of the trout egg lectin family which participates in the self-defense mechanism against bacteria and pathogens with a distinct carbohydrate-binding specificity.	Carbohydrates	184-196	periplakin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	37-40
24352254-5	2013	Here we present the crystal structure of human AMPK in complex with a small molecule activator that binds at a site between the kinase domain and the carbohydrate-binding module, stabilising the interaction between these two components.	Carbohydrates	150-162	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	47-51
16800817-0	2006	Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4alpha contributes to carbohydrate-induced transcriptional activation of hepatic fatty acid synthase.	Carbohydrates	48-60	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	107-126
16800817-3	2006	The glucose-regulated component of FAS promoter activation is mediated in part by ChREBP [ChoRE (carbohydrate response element)-binding protein], which binds to a ChoRE between -7300 and -7000 base-pairs in a carbohydrate-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	97-109	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	35-38
16800817-3	2006	The glucose-regulated component of FAS promoter activation is mediated in part by ChREBP [ChoRE (carbohydrate response element)-binding protein], which binds to a ChoRE between -7300 and -7000 base-pairs in a carbohydrate-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	209-221	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	35-38
18349109-10	2008	Transgenic manipulation of SSAT activity has revealed that SSAT activity links polyamine metabolism to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism by means of alterations in the content of acetyl-CoA and ATP.	Carbohydrates	113-125	spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	27-31
18349109-10	2008	Transgenic manipulation of SSAT activity has revealed that SSAT activity links polyamine metabolism to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism by means of alterations in the content of acetyl-CoA and ATP.	Carbohydrates	113-125	spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	59-63
23511477-5	2013	The NDP52-galectin-8 complex structure explains the key determinants for recognition on both receptors and defines a special orientation of N- and C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domains of galectin-8.	Carbohydrates	158-170	calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2	Homo sapiens	4-9
18415701-0	2008	Reduced carbohydrate intake in citrin-deficient subjects.	Carbohydrates	8-20	solute carrier family 25 member 13	Homo sapiens	31-37
18415701-4	2008	Personal histories from CTLN2 patients have repeatedly described an aversion to carbohydrate-rich foods, and clinical observations of dietary and therapeutic outcomes have suggested that their unusual food preferences may be directly related to their pathophysiology.	Carbohydrates	80-92	solute carrier family 25 member 13	Homo sapiens	24-29
18415701-7	2008	These results strongly support an avoidance of carbohydrate-rich foods by citrin-deficient patients that may lead to worsening of symptoms.	Carbohydrates	47-59	solute carrier family 25 member 13	Homo sapiens	74-80
16849632-9	2006	We hypothesize that abnormal hypothalamic orexin expression leads to changes in liver carbohydrate metabolism and may contribute to the moderate obesity observed in tubby mice.	Carbohydrates	86-98	hypocretin	Mus musculus	42-48
23349717-4	2013	For sex-biased transcripts, from in addition to the high enrichment of vitellogenin transcripts in spawning female livers, which constituted nearly 80% of total mRNA, it is apparent that the female-biased genes were mostly involved in ribosome/translation, estrogen pathway, lipid transport, etc, while the male-biased genes were enriched for oxidation reduction, carbohydrate metabolism, coagulation, protein transport and localization, etc.	Carbohydrates	364-376	vitellogenin	Danio rerio	71-83
16902162-9	2006	CONCLUSIONS: Because USFs are involved in the regulation of carbohydrates and lipid metabolism, HGF-mediated PAI-1 production may provide a novel link between atherothrombosis and metabolic derangements.	Carbohydrates	60-73	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	96-99
16769778-7	2006	Importantly, the presence of the disaccharide lactose prevented Gal-1 effects, suggesting the involvement of the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD).	Carbohydrates	113-125	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 1	Mus musculus	64-69
18402602-4	2008	In addition, the degradation of MUC5B oligosaccharide side chains was studied using a lectin assay, recognizing three different carbohydrate epitopes commonly found on mucin oligosaccharide side chains.	Carbohydrates	128-140	mucin 5B, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	32-37
18402602-4	2008	In addition, the degradation of MUC5B oligosaccharide side chains was studied using a lectin assay, recognizing three different carbohydrate epitopes commonly found on mucin oligosaccharide side chains.	Carbohydrates	128-140	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	168-173
18402602-6	2008	The degradation of terminal saccharide moieties on the MUC5B was demonstrated by a marked decrease in both sialic acid and fucose reactivity.	Carbohydrates	28-38	mucin 5B, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	55-60
18547526-6	2008	Sequence alignments and mutagenesis show that residues important for carbohydrate binding are often absent in other receptor-attached examples of RBL, including the SLT-1/Slit coreceptor.	Carbohydrates	69-81	susceptibility to spontaneously occurring lung cancer 1	Mus musculus	165-170
17017987-1	2006	This study presents the first QSAR model for Galectin-3 glycomimetic inhibitors based on docked structures to the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD).	Carbohydrates	114-126	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	45-55
22798688-8	2012	This review focuses on the structure-function and role of AMPK in lipid, carbohydrate, and energy metabolism.	Carbohydrates	73-85	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	58-62
16763003-2	2006	Forty-eight hours" starvation reduced whole-body insulin sensitivity by 42% and produced marked changes in expression of key carbohydrate (CHO) regulatory genes and proteins: SREBP1c and hexokinase II (HKII) were downregulated 2.5- and 5-fold, respectively, whereas the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) was upregulated 4-fold.	Carbohydrates	125-137	hexokinase 2	Homo sapiens	187-200
16763003-2	2006	Forty-eight hours" starvation reduced whole-body insulin sensitivity by 42% and produced marked changes in expression of key carbohydrate (CHO) regulatory genes and proteins: SREBP1c and hexokinase II (HKII) were downregulated 2.5- and 5-fold, respectively, whereas the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) was upregulated 4-fold.	Carbohydrates	125-137	hexokinase 2	Homo sapiens	202-206
18302939-9	2008	These data suggest that galectin-3 induces oxidative stress, PTP opening, and the caspase-dependent death pathway by binding to putative surface receptors including RAGE via the carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	178-190	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	24-34
22977243-0	2012	The extracellular protein factor Epf from Streptococcus pyogenes is a cell surface adhesin that binds to cells through an N-terminal domain containing a carbohydrate-binding module.	Carbohydrates	153-165	Sp6 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	33-36
18061677-0	2008	The carbohydrate recognition domain of Langerin reveals high structural similarity with the one of DC-SIGN but an additional, calcium-independent sugar-binding site.	Carbohydrates	4-16	CD207 molecule	Homo sapiens	39-47
22820001-3	2012	The data regarding the ability of HECA-452 to inhibit carbohydrate-mediated leukocyte adhesion to E-selectin remains conflicted, in part due to the presence of a variety of potential E-selectin reactive moieties on leukocytes.	Carbohydrates	54-66	hdc homolog, cell cycle regulator	Homo sapiens	34-38
18424616-1	2008	Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) catalyzes the transfer of a glycosyl group from an activated donor sugar, such as uridine diphosphate glucose (UDP-Glc), to a saccharide acceptor D-fructose 6-phosphate (F6P), resulting in the formation of UDP and D-sucrose-6"-phosphate (S6P).	Carbohydrates	159-169	decaprenyl diphosphate synthase subunit 1	Homo sapiens	0-26
18424616-1	2008	Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) catalyzes the transfer of a glycosyl group from an activated donor sugar, such as uridine diphosphate glucose (UDP-Glc), to a saccharide acceptor D-fructose 6-phosphate (F6P), resulting in the formation of UDP and D-sucrose-6"-phosphate (S6P).	Carbohydrates	159-169	decaprenyl diphosphate synthase subunit 1	Homo sapiens	28-31
23175333-0	2012	Role of ghrelin and leptin in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	48-60	appetite-regulating hormone	Capra hircus	8-15
18664176-2	2008	Galectin-3 is a nonenzymatic carbohydrate-binding protein present in mammals, whose conserved carbohydrate-recognition domain preferentially binds to specific carbohydrate structures and plays an important role in biological and biochemical reactions.	Carbohydrates	29-41	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
18664176-2	2008	Galectin-3 is a nonenzymatic carbohydrate-binding protein present in mammals, whose conserved carbohydrate-recognition domain preferentially binds to specific carbohydrate structures and plays an important role in biological and biochemical reactions.	Carbohydrates	94-106	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
23240225-7	2012	CONCLUSIONS: the detection with a postpartum oral glucose tolerance test is necessary for the identification of the various types of disorders of the carbohydrate metabolism including DM2.	Carbohydrates	150-162	immunoglobulin heavy diversity 1-14 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	184-187
18259063-0	2008	Overproduction, purification and preliminary crystallographic analysis of the carbohydrate-recognition domain of human langerin.	Carbohydrates	78-90	CD207 molecule	Homo sapiens	119-127
18259063-1	2008	Langerin, a lectin that is specific to Langerhans cells, interacts with glycoconjugates through its carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD).	Carbohydrates	100-112	CD207 molecule	Homo sapiens	0-8
18056982-1	2008	In this study, we have investigated the hypothesis that an exercise protocol designed to repeatedly induce a large dependence on carbohydrate and large increases in glycolytic flux rate would result in rapid increases in the principal glucose and lactate transporters in working muscle, glucose transporter (GLUT)-4 and monocarboxylate transporter (MCT)4, respectively, and in activity of hexokinase (Hex), the enzyme used to phosphorylate glucose.	Carbohydrates	129-141	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Homo sapiens	287-315
22561792-1	2012	The intestinal endocrine hormone human fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) is involved in the regulation of not only hepatic bile acid metabolism but also carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	155-167	fibroblast growth factor 19	Homo sapiens	39-66
18056982-8	2008	It is concluded that an exercise protocol designed to strain muscle carbohydrate reserves and to result in large increases in lactic acid results in a rapid upregulation of both GLUT-4 and MCT-4.	Carbohydrates	68-80	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Homo sapiens	178-184
18025080-7	2008	Here we provide a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of sugar recognition of the carbohydrate recognition domains of ERGIC-53 and VIPL in comparison with VIP36 using a pyridylaminated sugar library in conjunction with frontal affinity chromatography.	Carbohydrates	86-98	lectin, mannose binding 1	Homo sapiens	122-130
18025080-7	2008	Here we provide a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of sugar recognition of the carbohydrate recognition domains of ERGIC-53 and VIPL in comparison with VIP36 using a pyridylaminated sugar library in conjunction with frontal affinity chromatography.	Carbohydrates	86-98	lectin, mannose binding 2 like	Homo sapiens	135-139
22561792-1	2012	The intestinal endocrine hormone human fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) is involved in the regulation of not only hepatic bile acid metabolism but also carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	155-167	fibroblast growth factor 19	Homo sapiens	68-73
22856334-5	2012	Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase associated with carbohydrate metabolism and energy production were up-regulated upon inducing by AI-2.	Carbohydrates	82-94	type I glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Enterococcus faecalis V583	0-40
17674203-4	2008	This approach extends the range of saccharides suitable for covalent printing due to availability of commercial OS-AP and easy high-performance liquid chromatography separation of glycoprotein N-chains in form of AP derivatives.	Carbohydrates	35-46	mitochondria localized glutamic acid rich protein	Homo sapiens	112-117
22876975-0	2012	Synthesis of multivalent neoglyconjugates of MUC1 by the conjugation of carbohydrate-centered, triazole-linked glycoclusters to MUC1 peptides using click chemistry.	Carbohydrates	72-84	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	45-49
18025226-5	2007	Inhibition studies with specific mAbs as well as lactose demonstrated that: 1) eosinophil-expressed Gal-3 mediates rolling and adhesion on VCAM-1; 2) alpha(4) integrin mediates eosinophil rolling on immobilized Gal-3; and 3) eosinophil-expressed Gal-3 interacts with immobilized Gal-3 through the carbohydrate recognition domain of Gal-3 during eosinophil trafficking.	Carbohydrates	297-309	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	100-105
17919658-2	2007	Here, we present evidence that Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18, CR-3) is a major neutrophil glycoprotein decorated with sLe(x) and ligation of these carbohydrate moieties by anti-sLe(x) antibody significantly impairs neutrophil functions.	Carbohydrates	135-147	teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1 pseudogene 3	Homo sapiens	50-54
22876975-0	2012	Synthesis of multivalent neoglyconjugates of MUC1 by the conjugation of carbohydrate-centered, triazole-linked glycoclusters to MUC1 peptides using click chemistry.	Carbohydrates	72-84	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	128-132
22674476-3	2012	We characterized AMPK and SIRT 1 expression and activity in human skeletal muscle in response to dietary fat or carbohydrate intake on the background of either overfeeding or caloric restriction.	Carbohydrates	112-124	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	17-21
22674476-7	2012	Under both conditions - overfeeding and caloric restriction - high fat/low carbohydrate (HF/LC) diet significantly increased phosphorylation of AMPK and deacetylation of PGC1alpha in skeletal muscle without affecting total amounts of AMPK, PGC1alpha, or SIRT 1.	Carbohydrates	75-87	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	144-148
22674476-7	2012	Under both conditions - overfeeding and caloric restriction - high fat/low carbohydrate (HF/LC) diet significantly increased phosphorylation of AMPK and deacetylation of PGC1alpha in skeletal muscle without affecting total amounts of AMPK, PGC1alpha, or SIRT 1.	Carbohydrates	75-87	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	234-238
22674476-8	2012	In contrast, low fat/high carbohydrate (LF/HC) hypocaloric diet reduced phosphorylation of AMPK and deacetylation of PGC1alpha.	Carbohydrates	26-38	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	91-95
17767155-4	2007	We have found that a three-component vaccine composed of a TLR2 agonist, a promiscuous peptide T-helper epitope and a tumor-associated glycopeptide can elicit in mice exceptionally high titers of IgG antibodies that can recognize cancer cells expressing the tumor-associated carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	275-287	toll-like receptor 2	Mus musculus	59-63
22674476-9	2012	Our data indicate that a relative deficiency in carbohydrate intake or, albeit less likely, a relative excess of fat intake even in the absence of caloric deprivation is sufficient to activate the AMPK-SIRT 1-PGC1alpha energy-sensing cellular network in human skeletal muscle.	Carbohydrates	48-60	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	197-201
22966077-3	2012	Insulin resistance may be diagnosed by feeding supplementary water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and measuring blood glucose and insulin concentrations.	Carbohydrates	75-87	INS	Equus caballus	0-7
17437079-7	2007	RESULTS: Mice on carbohydrate-containing standard or high-fat diets developed severe diabetes (blood glucose &gt;16.6 mmol/l, glucosuria) due to selective destruction of pancreatic beta cells associated with severe loss of immunoreactivity of insulin, glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) and musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homologue A (MafA).	Carbohydrates	17-29	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 2	Mus musculus	252-273
17437079-7	2007	RESULTS: Mice on carbohydrate-containing standard or high-fat diets developed severe diabetes (blood glucose &gt;16.6 mmol/l, glucosuria) due to selective destruction of pancreatic beta cells associated with severe loss of immunoreactivity of insulin, glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) and musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homologue A (MafA).	Carbohydrates	17-29	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 2	Mus musculus	275-280
17437079-7	2007	RESULTS: Mice on carbohydrate-containing standard or high-fat diets developed severe diabetes (blood glucose &gt;16.6 mmol/l, glucosuria) due to selective destruction of pancreatic beta cells associated with severe loss of immunoreactivity of insulin, glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) and musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homologue A (MafA).	Carbohydrates	17-29	v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene family, protein A (avian)	Mus musculus	340-344
22610605-4	2012	Genetic studies indicate that control of carbohydrate metabolism by Spc1 is required for cadmium tolerance.	Carbohydrates	41-53	signal peptidase complex subunit 1	Homo sapiens	68-72
17724007-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: Galectin-3 (Gal-3) belongs to the family of carbohydrate-binding proteins with high affinity for galactoside and is involved in many biological processes including cell growth and differentiation, cell adhesion, tumor progression, apoptosis and metastasis.	Carbohydrates	55-67	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	11-21
17724007-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: Galectin-3 (Gal-3) belongs to the family of carbohydrate-binding proteins with high affinity for galactoside and is involved in many biological processes including cell growth and differentiation, cell adhesion, tumor progression, apoptosis and metastasis.	Carbohydrates	55-67	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	23-28
23185754-9	2012	Genes correlated to carbohydrate metabolism included AGL, B3GNT1, FUT9, ST8SIA4, SULT1A4, DDOST, and PIGL, mainly involved in glucogen degradation and glycoconjugate biosynthesis.	Carbohydrates	20-32	ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	72-79
23185754-9	2012	Genes correlated to carbohydrate metabolism included AGL, B3GNT1, FUT9, ST8SIA4, SULT1A4, DDOST, and PIGL, mainly involved in glucogen degradation and glycoconjugate biosynthesis.	Carbohydrates	20-32	sulfotransferase family 1A member 4	Homo sapiens	81-88
22760570-9	2012	Further stratification by progesterone receptor (PR) status showed slightly stronger associations with ER(-)/PR(-) BC [HR(Q5-Q1) (95% CI) = 1.48 (1.07, 2.05; P-trend = 0.010) for GL and HR(Q5-Q1) = 1.62 (1.15, 2.30; P-trend = 0.005) for carbohydrates].	Carbohydrates	237-250	progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens	26-47
17442667-12	2007	Furthermore, the binding of I-MBP with glycoprotein intermediates occurs in the ER, which is carbohydrate- and pH-dependent, and is affected by glucose-trimmed high-mannose-type oligosaccharides.	Carbohydrates	93-105	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	30-33
22760570-9	2012	Further stratification by progesterone receptor (PR) status showed slightly stronger associations with ER(-)/PR(-) BC [HR(Q5-Q1) (95% CI) = 1.48 (1.07, 2.05; P-trend = 0.010) for GL and HR(Q5-Q1) = 1.62 (1.15, 2.30; P-trend = 0.005) for carbohydrates].	Carbohydrates	237-250	progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens	49-51
22760570-9	2012	Further stratification by progesterone receptor (PR) status showed slightly stronger associations with ER(-)/PR(-) BC [HR(Q5-Q1) (95% CI) = 1.48 (1.07, 2.05; P-trend = 0.010) for GL and HR(Q5-Q1) = 1.62 (1.15, 2.30; P-trend = 0.005) for carbohydrates].	Carbohydrates	237-250	progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens	109-111
22364273-2	2012	Here we detected an increase in beta-glucuronidase activity in faecal samples from obese volunteers following a high-protein moderate carbohydrate weight-loss diet, compared with a weight maintenance diet, but little or no changes were observed when the type of fermentable carbohydrate was varied.	Carbohydrates	274-286	glucuronidase beta	Homo sapiens	32-50
17009044-4	2007	The kinetics of the carbohydrate-specific IgG response correlated with a temporary release of cytokines such as IFNgamma, IL-2, IL-1beta, TNFalpha and GM-CSF which was measurable in the immune serum by xMAP Multiplex technology.	Carbohydrates	20-32	interleukin 2	Macaca mulatta	122-126
16754682-4	2006	SP-A bound to sTLR4 and MD-2 in a Ca2+-dependent manner, and an anti-SP-A monoclonal antibody whose epitope lies in the region Thr184-Gly194 blocked the SP-A binding to sTLR4 and MD-2, indicating the involvement of the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) in the binding.	Carbohydrates	219-231	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	69-73
16754682-4	2006	SP-A bound to sTLR4 and MD-2 in a Ca2+-dependent manner, and an anti-SP-A monoclonal antibody whose epitope lies in the region Thr184-Gly194 blocked the SP-A binding to sTLR4 and MD-2, indicating the involvement of the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) in the binding.	Carbohydrates	219-231	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	69-73
21898089-3	2012	RESULTS: The status of hENT1 expression (positive in 39 and negative in 16) was significantly associated with "clinical efficacy" (defined as more than 50% reduction of the serum carbohydrate antigen [CA] 19-9 level with stable disease [SD] or partial response [PR] according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors [RECIST]) for Gem-CRT.	Carbohydrates	179-191	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	23-28
16500946-1	2006	Surfactant proteins (SP)-A and -D are members of the collectin family of host defense proteins that share four distinct structural domains: NH(2)-terminal oligomerization, collagenous, neck, and carbohydrate recognition (CRD).	Carbohydrates	195-207	surfactant associated protein A1	Mus musculus	0-26
16815031-4	2006	Consistent with these observations, RIP140 suppresses the expression of gene clusters that are involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, including fatty acid oxidation, oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial uncoupling.	Carbohydrates	117-129	nuclear receptor interacting protein 1	Mus musculus	36-42
16567809-4	2006	Analysis of the human genome has identified three single nucleotide polymorphisms that result in amino acid changes in the carbohydrate-recognition domain of langerin.	Carbohydrates	123-135	CD207 molecule	Homo sapiens	158-166
16619293-0	2006	Carbohydrate-independent recognition of collagens by the macrophage mannose receptor.	Carbohydrates	0-12	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	68-84
16619293-6	2006	We show that MR is able to bind and internalise collagen in a carbohydrate-independent manner and that MR deficient macrophages have a marked defect in collagen IV and gelatin internalisation.	Carbohydrates	62-74	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	13-15
16584311-0	2006	Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci may obtain nutritional support by scavenging carbohydrate fragments generated during mucin degradation by the anaerobic microbiota of the colon.	Carbohydrates	78-90	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Bos taurus	118-123
16406276-0	2006	H2BC: a new technique for NMR analysis of complex carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	50-63	H2B clustered histone 13	Homo sapiens	0-4
16260590-1	2006	Mucin O-glycosylation is characterized in cancer by aberrant expression of immature carbohydrate structures (Tn, T, and sialyl-Tn antigens).	Carbohydrates	84-96	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	0-5
16314420-8	2006	We postulate that neuraminidase-1 catalyzes removal of the terminal sialic acids from carbohydrate chains of microfibrillar glycoproteins and other adjacent matrix glycoconjugates, unmasking their penultimate galactosugars.	Carbohydrates	86-98	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	18-33
17374851-1	2007	Glucokinase (GK) and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase (PFK-2)/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (FBP-2) are each powerful regulators of hepatic carbohydrate metabolism that have been reported to influence each other"s expression, activities, and cellular location.	Carbohydrates	130-142	fructose-bisphosphatase 2	Homo sapiens	83-88
17251309-11	2007	The display of alternative carbohydrate structures on GCase expressed in these systems also runs the risk of undesirable consequences, such as an increase in MBL binding or a possible increase in immunogenicity due to the presentation of non-mammalian glycans.	Carbohydrates	27-39	glucosidase, beta, acid	Mus musculus	54-59
17496119-12	2007	UGE2 and UGE4 influence growth and cell wall carbohydrate biosynthesis throughout the plant, UGE3 is specialized for pollen development, and UGE1 and UGE5 might act in stress situations.	Carbohydrates	45-57	UDP-D-glucose/UDP-D-galactose 4-epimerase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-4
17234323-2	2007	Recently we analyzed the results for RNase A and showed that the effects of the carbohydrates on the protein"s thermal stability can be accurately accounted for by scaled particle theory (SPT), and are thus largely entropic in nature.	Carbohydrates	80-93	ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic	Homo sapiens	37-44
17082366-2	2007	In skeletal muscle, glucose transport is mediated by the GLUT-4 protein under conditions of increased carbohydrate utilization.	Carbohydrates	102-114	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Homo sapiens	57-63
17352819-11	2007	Key contact sites for xenoantibody/carbohydrate interaction for VH3 family xenoantibodies include amino acids in sites 31, 33, 50, 57, 58 and the CDR3 region of the IgVH gene.	Carbohydrates	35-47	CDR3	Homo sapiens	146-150
17189612-3	2007	Since CD13 is heavily glycosylated and a member of the galectin family (galectin-4) has been shown to associate with CD13 in the intestinal epithelium, we hypothesized that CD13-mediated aggregation might proceed through a carbohydrate-dependent mechanism involving galectin-3, the most highly expressed galectin on monocytes.	Carbohydrates	223-235	alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane	Homo sapiens	6-10
17317569-2	2007	Carbohydrate-based competitive inhibitors of Hex act as pharmacological chaperones (PC) in patient cells, facilitating exit of the enzyme from the endoplasmic reticulum, thereby increasing the mutant Hex protein and activity levels in the lysosome 3- to 6-fold.	Carbohydrates	0-12	hematopoietically expressed homeobox	Homo sapiens	45-48
17317569-2	2007	Carbohydrate-based competitive inhibitors of Hex act as pharmacological chaperones (PC) in patient cells, facilitating exit of the enzyme from the endoplasmic reticulum, thereby increasing the mutant Hex protein and activity levels in the lysosome 3- to 6-fold.	Carbohydrates	0-12	hematopoietically expressed homeobox	Homo sapiens	200-203
17154199-0	2007	Saccharide-induced peptide conformation in glycopeptides of the recognition region of LI-cadherin.	Carbohydrates	0-10	cadherin 17	Homo sapiens	86-97
17907132-3	2007	This strategy enabled us to control the two stereogenic sites in the B ring (C-5 and C-6) and the regioselective introduction of the carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	133-145	complement C6	Homo sapiens	85-88
17183215-5	2007	During exponential growth, CcpA mainly influences the carbohydrate and energy metabolism, whereas from transition phase onwards its function expands on a broader range of physiological processes including nucleotide metabolism, cell motility and protein synthesis.	Carbohydrates	54-66	transcriptional regulator of catabolite repression (Lacl family)	Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168	27-31
17228029-7	2007	It was found that recombinant human galectin-3 stimulated proliferation of primary cultured preadipocytes as well as DNA synthesis through lectin-carbohydrate interaction.	Carbohydrates	146-158	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	36-46
17073760-4	2006	Many genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism are repressed by RIP140 in adipose and muscle.	Carbohydrates	33-45	nuclear receptor interacting protein 1	Mus musculus	74-80
16485130-1	2006	Recently, we described a new carbohydrate-induced conformational tumour-epitope on mucin-1 (MUC1) with the potential for improvement of immunotherapies [29, 30].	Carbohydrates	29-41	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	83-90
16485130-1	2006	Recently, we described a new carbohydrate-induced conformational tumour-epitope on mucin-1 (MUC1) with the potential for improvement of immunotherapies [29, 30].	Carbohydrates	29-41	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	92-96
17165440-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: Hyperglycosylated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG-H) is a carbohydrate variant of hCG with double-sized oligosaccharide side chains.	Carbohydrates	71-83	hypertrichosis 2 (generalised, congenital)	Homo sapiens	59-64
17165440-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: Hyperglycosylated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG-H) is a carbohydrate variant of hCG with double-sized oligosaccharide side chains.	Carbohydrates	71-83	hypertrichosis 2 (generalised, congenital)	Homo sapiens	59-62
16940046-2	2006	The synthesis of this unique carbohydrate polymer depends on the polysialyltransferases ST8SiaII and ST8SiaIV.	Carbohydrates	29-41	ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 2	Mus musculus	88-96
22805114-0	2012	Laminar regulation of STAT1 and STAT3 in black walnut extract and carbohydrate overload induced models of laminitis.	Carbohydrates	66-78	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Equus caballus	22-27
16670154-1	2006	There is evidence that increasing carbohydrate (CHO) availability during exercise by raising preexercise muscle glycogen levels attenuates the activation of AMPKalpha2 during exercise in humans.	Carbohydrates	34-46	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	157-167
22805114-2	2012	HYPOTHESIS: The STAT1 and STAT3 activation (via phosphorylation of tyrosine and serine moieties) is occurring in the laminar tissue during the developmental and onset of lameness time points in both the black walnut extract (BWE) and carbohydrate overload (CHO) models of laminitis.	Carbohydrates	234-246	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Equus caballus	16-21
22549776-1	2012	Many functions of galectin-3 entail binding of its carbohydrate recognition site to glycans of a glycoprotein, resulting in cross-linking thought to be mediated by its N-terminal noncarbohydrate-binding domain.	Carbohydrates	51-63	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	18-28
16908642-4	2006	This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of feeding large, carbohydrate-rich, concentrate meals on the satiety-inducing hormone, leptin.	Carbohydrates	71-83	leptin	Equus caballus	141-147
22549776-4	2012	This suggests that after ASF-induced nucleation, galectin-3 associates with itself by the carbohydrate recognition site binding to another galectin-3 molecule, possibly forming oligomers.	Carbohydrates	90-102	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	49-59
22715337-8	2012	A carbohydrate recognition-based interaction of ArtinM with Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) accounts for initiating the immunomodulatory effect of the lectin.	Carbohydrates	2-14	toll-like receptor 2	Mus musculus	60-80
17402487-1	2006	REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: There is evidence that adaptation to diets rich in nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) contributes to the development of insulin resistance in horses.	Carbohydrates	95-108	INS	Equus caballus	149-156
22715337-8	2012	A carbohydrate recognition-based interaction of ArtinM with Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) accounts for initiating the immunomodulatory effect of the lectin.	Carbohydrates	2-14	toll-like receptor 2	Mus musculus	82-86
22682628-3	2012	This article discusses the roles of IGF-1 in determination of body size, skeletal acquisition, muscle growth, carbohydrate metabolism, and longevity, as learned from mouse models.	Carbohydrates	110-122	insulin-like growth factor 1	Mus musculus	36-41
16518858-6	2006	As expected, binding of TAA90K to galectin-3 was dependent on carbohydrate since it was inhibitable by lactose and asiolofetuin, and a TAA90K-His glycoform purified from HT-29 cells treated with the glycosylation inhibitor 1-deoxymannojirimycin bound poorly to galectin-3.	Carbohydrates	62-74	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	34-44
16518858-6	2006	As expected, binding of TAA90K to galectin-3 was dependent on carbohydrate since it was inhibitable by lactose and asiolofetuin, and a TAA90K-His glycoform purified from HT-29 cells treated with the glycosylation inhibitor 1-deoxymannojirimycin bound poorly to galectin-3.	Carbohydrates	62-74	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	261-271
22426042-9	2012	Our results confirm that the superiority of the CA4 saponin is related to the higher hydrophilicity of its longer carbohydrate chain.	Carbohydrates	114-126	carbonic anhydrase 4	Mus musculus	48-51
16818789-9	2006	Soluble Galectin-3 binds preferentially to PAEC vs human aortic endothelial cells, and this binding can be inhibited by lactose, indicating dependence on the carbohydrate recognition domain of Galectin-3.	Carbohydrates	158-170	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	8-18
16818789-9	2006	Soluble Galectin-3 binds preferentially to PAEC vs human aortic endothelial cells, and this binding can be inhibited by lactose, indicating dependence on the carbohydrate recognition domain of Galectin-3.	Carbohydrates	158-170	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	193-203
16751604-7	2006	As an illustration, we have added a propyl chain to the C terminus of the carbohydrate recognition domain of the protein, Galectin-3, and report enhanced RDCs that prove consistent with known bound-ligand geometries for this protein.	Carbohydrates	74-86	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	122-132
22812245-0	2012	[The role of CD14 promoter - 159 C-&gt; T polymorphism on changes of serum lipid ratios induced by high-carbohydrate/low-fat diets in healthy Chinese Han youth].	Carbohydrates	104-116	CD14 molecule	Homo sapiens	13-17
16642533-4	2006	Furthermore, carbohydrates serve as additional epitopes for MUC1 antibodies.	Carbohydrates	13-26	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	60-64
22189143-4	2012	G3-C12, a binding peptide, which specifically binds to the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of Gal-3, was attached to HPMA copolymers as a targeting moiety.	Carbohydrates	59-71	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	100-105
16644739-10	2006	UGE1 and -3 expression patterns globally resemble enzymes involved in carbohydrate catabolism, and UGE2, -4, and -5 expression is more related to carbohydrate biosynthesis.	Carbohydrates	146-158	UDP-D-glucose/UDP-D-galactose 4-epimerase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	99-115
16495656-1	2006	The enzyme UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UGDH) catalyzes the conversion of UDP-glucose to UDP-glucuronic acid, which is essential for the biosynthesis of complex carbohydrates such as hyaluronan in many cell types, and is required for detoxification of toxic compounds in the liver.	Carbohydrates	159-172	UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	11-36
21987372-9	2012	CONCLUSION: These data suggest that blocking hepatic CB1R improves both carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and confirm that peripheral CB1R should be considered as a promising target to reduce cardiometabolic risk in obesity.	Carbohydrates	72-84	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	Mus musculus	53-57
16495656-1	2006	The enzyme UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UGDH) catalyzes the conversion of UDP-glucose to UDP-glucuronic acid, which is essential for the biosynthesis of complex carbohydrates such as hyaluronan in many cell types, and is required for detoxification of toxic compounds in the liver.	Carbohydrates	159-172	UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	38-42
17364047-1	2006	We studied the relationship of serum apolipoprotein A-II concentration with biochemical parameters of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, type of hyperlipidemia, and insulin sensitivity in male patients with hyperlipidemia.	Carbohydrates	112-124	lipoprotein(a)	Homo sapiens	37-53
22232548-4	2012	Recently, we showed that galectin-3 Tyr-107 is phosphorylated by c-Abl; concomitantly, it was also shown that galectin-3 can be cleaved at this site by prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a chymotrypsin-like serine protease, after Tyr-107, resulting in loss of galectin-3 multivalency while preserving its carbohydrate binding activity.	Carbohydrates	303-315	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	110-120
22232548-5	2012	Galectin-3 is largely a monomer in solution but may form a homodimer by self-association through its carbohydrate recognition domain, whereas, in the presence of a ligand, galectin-3 polymerizes up to pentamers utilizing its N-terminal domain.	Carbohydrates	101-113	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
16490286-0	2006	Clusterin in cerebrospinal fluid: analysis of carbohydrates and quantification of native and glycosylated forms.	Carbohydrates	46-59	clusterin	Homo sapiens	0-9
16490286-5	2006	Using enzymatic deglycosylation of clusterin isolated from cerebrospinal fluid, we found that the carbohydrates attached to clusterin were of the N-linked type and sialic acids.	Carbohydrates	98-111	clusterin	Homo sapiens	35-44
16490286-5	2006	Using enzymatic deglycosylation of clusterin isolated from cerebrospinal fluid, we found that the carbohydrates attached to clusterin were of the N-linked type and sialic acids.	Carbohydrates	98-111	clusterin	Homo sapiens	124-133
16380538-1	2006	AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) is a highly conserved heterotrimeric kinase that functions as a metabolic regulator of cellular enzymes involved in carbohydrate and fat metabolism, which regulate ATP conservation and synthesis.	Carbohydrates	144-156	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-26
16487075-4	2006	MUC1 mucin is a carrier of this carbohydrate antigen, CA19-9, or sialyl-Lewis(a), as well as of CA15-3 antigen, a known breast tumor marker.	Carbohydrates	32-44	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	0-4
16487075-4	2006	MUC1 mucin is a carrier of this carbohydrate antigen, CA19-9, or sialyl-Lewis(a), as well as of CA15-3 antigen, a known breast tumor marker.	Carbohydrates	32-44	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	5-10
21948871-8	2012	Site-directed mutational analysis revealed that the basic amino acid residues located in two putative carbohydrate-binding sites (CBSs) of ZG16p, which were found in association with the crystal structure of BanLec, are responsible for the recognition of heparin.	Carbohydrates	102-114	zymogen granule protein 16	Rattus norvegicus	139-144
22509216-4	2012	Moreover, this reporter system was used for relative affinity studies of fluorinated and nonfluorinated carbohydrates to the maltose-binding protein, which were found to be in perfect agreement with published X-ray data.	Carbohydrates	104-117	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	125-148
16263939-5	2006	Associated to increased NPY levels, TTR KOs display increased carbohydrate consumption and preference.	Carbohydrates	62-74	neuropeptide Y	Mus musculus	24-27
16697285-1	2006	The old concept that the lacrimal gland is only a serous gland has been superseded by the finding that lacrimal acinar cells are able to produce mucins--high-molecular-weight proteins--the major mass being carbohydrates with the common feature of tandem repeats of amino acids rich in serine, threonine, and proline in the central domain of the mucin core peptide.	Carbohydrates	206-219	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	145-150
16765898-2	2006	CD23 is a unique Fc receptor belonging to the C-type lectin-like domain superfamily and binds IgE in an unusual, non-lectin-like manner, requiring calcium but not carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	163-175	Fc epsilon receptor II	Homo sapiens	0-4
22094829-6	2012	On the other hand, LacS expression in PBL2025 reduced the carbohydrate content of the isolated total EPS implying a role in the modulation of the produced EPS during static biofilm formation.	Carbohydrates	58-70	acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 1	Homo sapiens	19-23
16716077-8	2006	The carbohydrate at position 317 lies close to a region of the TFR previously shown to interact with hTF.	Carbohydrates	4-16	transferrin receptor	Homo sapiens	63-66
16384952-14	2006	CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that stratification and differentiation of corneal epithelial cells, as measured by the capacity to produce the membrane-associated mucin MUC16 and the mucin-associated T-antigen carbohydrate on their apical surfaces provide protection against rose bengal penetrance in vitro and suggest a role for membrane-associated mucins and their oligosaccharides in the protection of ocular surface epithelia.	Carbohydrates	215-227	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	188-193
23221607-7	2012	We also found evidence of shared ancestry between carbohydrate degradation genes in the mucin-degrading human intestinal commensal Akkermansia muciniphila and sequences from Acidobacteria and Bacteroidetes, suggesting that glycoside hydrolases are transferred laterally between gut microbes and that the process of carbohydrate degradation is crucial for microbial survival within the human digestive system.	Carbohydrates	50-62	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	88-93
16352460-7	2006	Carbohydrate components of the LL, such as Em2(G11) and Em492, as well as other parasite metabolites yield immunomodulatory effects that allow the parasite to survive in the host.	Carbohydrates	0-12	von Willebrand factor C domain containing 2	Mus musculus	43-50
16525726-7	2006	It was confirmed with lectin detection of carbohydrate epitopes (Tn and T) in MUC1 proteins.	Carbohydrates	42-54	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	78-82
23221607-7	2012	We also found evidence of shared ancestry between carbohydrate degradation genes in the mucin-degrading human intestinal commensal Akkermansia muciniphila and sequences from Acidobacteria and Bacteroidetes, suggesting that glycoside hydrolases are transferred laterally between gut microbes and that the process of carbohydrate degradation is crucial for microbial survival within the human digestive system.	Carbohydrates	315-327	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	88-93
16351724-5	2005	The carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-A appeared to be a major determinant of the interaction, by recognizing alpha1-antitrypsin carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	4-16	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	39-43
16288808-2	2006	Although the carbohydrate specificity of RCA1 has been described, the information obtained was mainly focused on inhibition of simple Galbeta1-related oligosaccharides and simple clusters.	Carbohydrates	13-25	von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor	Homo sapiens	41-45
23300668-2	2012	We investigated the endocytosis of galectin-3 in human vascular endothelial cells and showed that galectin-3 could associate with and internalized into the cells in a carbohydrate-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	167-179	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	35-45
16673263-5	2006	It cleaves fibrinogen, factors XI (FXI) and FXIII, cofactors V and VIII, and the thrombin receptors; uses thrombomodulin to activate protein C and thrombin-activatable-fibrinolysis inhibitor; is inhibited by heparin cofactor II and antithrombin III with the help of acidic carbohydrates; and its activity/specificity is modulated by sodium ions.	Carbohydrates	273-286	coagulation factor XI	Homo sapiens	35-38
16536439-6	2006	SPR, QCM, AFM, and electrochemistry studies confirmed that the carbohydrate SAM sensors maintained the specificity to their corresponding lectins and nonspecific adsorption on the clicked carbohydrate surface was negligible.	Carbohydrates	63-75	sepiapterin reductase	Homo sapiens	0-3
16536439-7	2006	This study showed that the clicked carbohydrate SAMs in concert with nonlabel QCM or SPR offered a potent platform for high-throughput characterization of carbohydrate-protein interactions.	Carbohydrates	155-167	sepiapterin reductase	Homo sapiens	85-88
16351724-5	2005	The carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-A appeared to be a major determinant of the interaction, by recognizing alpha1-antitrypsin carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	133-145	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	39-43
16351724-6	2005	However, binding of SP-A carbohydrate chains to the alpha1-antitrypsin amino acid backbone and interaction between carbohydrates of both proteins are also possible.	Carbohydrates	115-128	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	20-24
16198472-2	2005	Hepatic ACS-5 mRNA is poorly expressed during fasting and diabetes and strongly induced by carbohydrate refeeding and insulin treatment.	Carbohydrates	91-103	acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 5	Mus musculus	8-13
23300668-2	2012	We investigated the endocytosis of galectin-3 in human vascular endothelial cells and showed that galectin-3 could associate with and internalized into the cells in a carbohydrate-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	167-179	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	98-108
16328467-10	2005	These results suggest that ficolin A and its variant function as recognition molecules of the lectin pathway, and ficolin B plays a distinct role through its unique carbohydrate-binding specificity.	Carbohydrates	165-177	ficolin B	Mus musculus	114-123
16375918-3	2006	The cytokine activity of AMF is inhibited by carbohydrate phosphate compounds as they compete for AMF binding with the carbohydrate moiety of the AMF receptor (AMFR), which is a glycosylated seven transmembrane helix protein.	Carbohydrates	45-57	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	25-28
23300668-5	2012	These comparisons showed that the carbohydrate-recognition domain of galectin-3 was required for galectin-3 binding and endocytosis.	Carbohydrates	34-46	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	69-79
23300668-5	2012	These comparisons showed that the carbohydrate-recognition domain of galectin-3 was required for galectin-3 binding and endocytosis.	Carbohydrates	34-46	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	97-107
22792179-0	2012	Lipocalin prostaglandin D synthase and PPARgamma2 coordinate to regulate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in vivo.	Carbohydrates	73-85	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	39-49
16375918-3	2006	The cytokine activity of AMF is inhibited by carbohydrate phosphate compounds as they compete for AMF binding with the carbohydrate moiety of the AMF receptor (AMFR), which is a glycosylated seven transmembrane helix protein.	Carbohydrates	45-57	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	98-101
16472060-4	2006	AIDA online (accessible directly at: www.2aida.net) enables the simulation of plasma insulin and blood glucose levels from user-defined insulin injection and carbohydrate intake data.	Carbohydrates	158-170	axin interactor, dorsalization associated	Homo sapiens	0-4
16231185-1	2005	The Arabidopsis GIGANTEA (GI) gene has been shown to regulate several developmental processes, including photoperiod-mediated flowering, phytochrome B signaling, circadian clock, and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	183-195	gigantea protein (GI)	Arabidopsis thaliana	16-24
16231185-1	2005	The Arabidopsis GIGANTEA (GI) gene has been shown to regulate several developmental processes, including photoperiod-mediated flowering, phytochrome B signaling, circadian clock, and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	183-195	gigantea protein (GI)	Arabidopsis thaliana	16-18
22792179-9	2012	Overall, L-PGDS and PPARgamma2 coordinate to regulate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	54-66	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	20-30
16262701-6	2005	These genes are implicated in different physiological pathways such as respiration (carbonic anhydrase), carbohydrate metabolism (glycogen phosphorylase), lipid metabolism (delta-9 desaturase), oxidative metabolism and the immune system (glutathione peroxidase), protein regulation (BTF3, transcription factor), nucleic acid regulation (myc homologue), metal sequestration (putative metallothionein) and stress response (heat shock protein 70).	Carbohydrates	105-117	glutathione peroxidase 2	Crassostrea gigas	238-260
22656375-5	2012	Genetic diseases linked to mutations in the disaccharidase genes (sucrase-isomaltase, lactase) and in sugar transporter genes (sodium/glucose cotransporter 1, glucose transporters 1 and 2) severely impact carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	205-217	lactase	Homo sapiens	86-93
16087347-2	2005	Nonspecific interactions between the proteins bovine carbonic anhydrase II (CA), bovine ubiquitin (Ubq), and bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor and several carbohydrates, ranging in size from mono- to tetrasaccharides, have been investigated.	Carbohydrates	157-170	carbonic anhydrase 2	Bos taurus	53-74
16087347-2	2005	Nonspecific interactions between the proteins bovine carbonic anhydrase II (CA), bovine ubiquitin (Ubq), and bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor and several carbohydrates, ranging in size from mono- to tetrasaccharides, have been investigated.	Carbohydrates	157-170	ubiquitin	Bos taurus	88-97
16407782-2	2005	Galectin-3 is the only family member that is composed of a glycine/prolinerich N-terminal repeated sequence and a C-terminal carbohydrate-binding domain.Multiple functions of galectin-3 have been reported, depending on its location.	Carbohydrates	125-137	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
16407782-2	2005	Galectin-3 is the only family member that is composed of a glycine/prolinerich N-terminal repeated sequence and a C-terminal carbohydrate-binding domain.Multiple functions of galectin-3 have been reported, depending on its location.	Carbohydrates	125-137	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	175-185
16087347-2	2005	Nonspecific interactions between the proteins bovine carbonic anhydrase II (CA), bovine ubiquitin (Ubq), and bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor and several carbohydrates, ranging in size from mono- to tetrasaccharides, have been investigated.	Carbohydrates	157-170	ubiquitin	Bos taurus	99-102
16143457-7	2005	Based on computational analysis and previous experimental data, we predict that the CHDL domain has calcium-binding and also carbohydrate-binding activity.	Carbohydrates	125-137	chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 1 like	Homo sapiens	84-88
22207425-1	2012	Galectin-3 is a beta-galactoside-binding animal lectin that contains     carbohydrate-recognition domains and displays multiple related functions.	Carbohydrates	73-85	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
16241878-2	2005	AIDA is a freeware computer program, which simulates the interaction of carbohydrates and insulin administered in people with insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus.	Carbohydrates	72-85	axin interactor, dorsalization associated	Homo sapiens	0-4
16550483-0	2005	The carbohydrate structure of DEFB126, the major component of the cynomolgus Macaque sperm plasma membrane glycocalyx.	Carbohydrates	4-16	beta-defensin 126	Macaca fascicularis	30-37
24367185-12	2011	CONCLUSION: Associations between MUC1 and carbohydrate antigens and risk and prognostic factors show the complexity of the cellular biological behavior that these antigens modulate in breast cancer.	Carbohydrates	42-54	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	33-37
16082728-5	2005	In this work we modeled the carbohydrate decorations on a structural model of VAP-1, and studied which of those potential glycosylation sites are utilized, and whether those decorations accessible to a lymphocyte ligand are important in lymphocyte adhesion and enzymatic activity of VAP-1.	Carbohydrates	28-40	amine oxidase copper containing 3	Homo sapiens	78-83
16199199-10	2005	Many CTLN2 patients have been treated with a low protein and high carbohydrate diet and glycerol at the hyperammonemic coma.	Carbohydrates	66-78	solute carrier family 25 member 13	Homo sapiens	5-10
16199199-14	2005	The peculiar fondness for food of CTLN2 patients who like protein and dislike carbohydrate and sweets may be related to their metabolic requirements.	Carbohydrates	78-90	solute carrier family 25 member 13	Homo sapiens	34-39
22052782-4	2011	The covalently attached carbohydrates are presented in the major groove of the B-form duplex DNA as potential substrates for murine type II C-type lectin receptors mMGL1 and mMGL2.	Carbohydrates	24-37	macrophage galactose N-acetyl-galactosamine specific lectin 2	Mus musculus	174-179
16107151-1	2005	The sweet taste receptor, a heterodimeric G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) protein, formed by the T1R2 and T1R3 subunits, recognizes several sweet compounds including carbohydrates, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and synthetic sweeteners.	Carbohydrates	168-181	taste 1 receptor member 3	Homo sapiens	108-112
22002056-0	2011	Carbohydrate metabolism is perturbed in peroxisome-deficient hepatocytes due to mitochondrial dysfunction, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1alpha (PGC-1alpha) suppression.	Carbohydrates	0-12	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	159-226
15976000-9	2005	In conclusion, it is shown that both units contribute to the processing of the cubilin-AMN complex to the apical membrane: AMN interacts with the EGF domains of cubilin and is responsible for membrane attachment and export of the complex from the endoplasmic reticulum, whereas the extracellular cubilin molecule is responsible for apical sorting of the complex in a carbohydrate-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	367-379	cubilin	Canis lupus familiaris	79-86
15976000-9	2005	In conclusion, it is shown that both units contribute to the processing of the cubilin-AMN complex to the apical membrane: AMN interacts with the EGF domains of cubilin and is responsible for membrane attachment and export of the complex from the endoplasmic reticulum, whereas the extracellular cubilin molecule is responsible for apical sorting of the complex in a carbohydrate-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	367-379	cubilin	Canis lupus familiaris	161-168
15976000-9	2005	In conclusion, it is shown that both units contribute to the processing of the cubilin-AMN complex to the apical membrane: AMN interacts with the EGF domains of cubilin and is responsible for membrane attachment and export of the complex from the endoplasmic reticulum, whereas the extracellular cubilin molecule is responsible for apical sorting of the complex in a carbohydrate-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	367-379	cubilin	Canis lupus familiaris	161-168
16077993-2	2005	We found that the SNL glycoprotein consists of carbohydrate (69.74%) and protein content (30.26%), which has &gt;50% hydrophobic amino acids containing glycine and proline.	Carbohydrates	47-59	fascin actin-bundling protein 1	Homo sapiens	18-21
16369209-6	2005	However, in the last two decades many animal models of IGFI deficiency and excess revealed the importance of IGF-I in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and now it is clear that these peptide hormones together with growth hormone (GH) work in a coordinate and interdependent manner.	Carbohydrates	118-130	insulin-like growth factor 1	Mus musculus	109-114
15961631-4	2005	TLR3 is largely masked by carbohydrate, but one face is glycosylation-free, which suggests its potential role in ligand binding and oligomerization.	Carbohydrates	26-38	toll like receptor 3	Homo sapiens	0-4
22002056-0	2011	Carbohydrate metabolism is perturbed in peroxisome-deficient hepatocytes due to mitochondrial dysfunction, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1alpha (PGC-1alpha) suppression.	Carbohydrates	0-12	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	228-238
22199280-5	2011	RESULTS: Exposure to the carbohydrate increased the expression of CD86 on both dectin-1(+)CR3(-) cell lines, whereas proliferation and viability of the cells were not affected.	Carbohydrates	25-37	CD86 molecule	Homo sapiens	66-70
15922307-5	2005	Weak acid treatment or digestion with Clostridium perfringens sialidase reduced Raft.2 binding to LBP on nitrocellulose sheets and [(14)C]galactose was incorporated into LBP, indicating LBP to have a sialylated carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	211-223	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	98-101
15899896-6	2005	The beneficial effects of ghrelin on heart function, including reduction of myocyte apoptosis, and its effects on lipogenesis and carbohydrate metabolism, can also be explained by its ability to activate AMPK.	Carbohydrates	130-142	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	204-208
15817841-8	2005	Ghrelin also increased RQ, reflecting a shift in energy substrate utilization in favor of carbohydrate oxidation.	Carbohydrates	90-102	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	0-7
22199280-6	2011	CONCLUSION: Yeast-derived beta-glucan lacks cytotoxic effects towards B-lymphoma cells but up-regulation of CD86 suggests maturation of the cells via dectin-1 by the carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	166-178	CD86 molecule	Homo sapiens	108-112
15839836-14	2005	These results demonstrate that remodelling the carbohydrate of rhGAA to improve its affinity for the CI-MPR represents a feasible approach to enhance the efficacy of enzyme replacement therapy for Pompe disease.	Carbohydrates	47-59	insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor	Mus musculus	101-107
21920515-7	2011	Saccharides 19, 27 and 37 are suitable substrates for studying the enzymatic glycosylation pattern of the GPI anchor of T. brucei.	Carbohydrates	0-11	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	106-109
16034102-3	2005	We show that human epithelial cell Ag MUC1 mucin is recognized in its aberrantly glycosylated form on tumor cells by immature human myeloid DCs as both a chemoattractant (through its polypeptide core) and a maturation and activation signal (through its carbohydrate moieties).	Carbohydrates	253-265	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	38-42
15946216-11	2005	CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that asparagine-linked oligosaccharide structures of the FVIII B domain recognize the carbohydrate recognition domains of ASGPR and that an ASOR-sensitive mechanism, most likely ASGPR, contributes to the catabolism of coagulation FVIII in vivo.	Carbohydrates	111-123	coagulation factor VIII	Mus musculus	82-87
21861497-3	2011	Two peptides from the carbohydrate recognition domains were obtained in each case in experimental series rigorously controlled for specificity, and the [157-162] peptide of galectin-3 proved to be active in blocking lectin binding to a neoglycoprotein and to tumor cell surfaces.	Carbohydrates	22-34	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	173-183
15591410-7	2005	Binding, aggregation, and enhancement of phagocytosis by recombinant rat SP-D was completely blocked by EDTA and inhibited by d-maltose and to a lesser extent by d-galactose, indicating the involvement of the carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-D in these functions.	Carbohydrates	209-221	surfactant protein D	Rattus norvegicus	73-77
16206502-10	2005	Pretreatment of gluten with PEP avoided the development of fat or carbohydrate malabsorption in the majority of those patients who developed fat or carbohydrate malabsorption after a 2-week gluten challenge.	Carbohydrates	66-78	prolyl endopeptidase	Homo sapiens	28-31
16206502-10	2005	Pretreatment of gluten with PEP avoided the development of fat or carbohydrate malabsorption in the majority of those patients who developed fat or carbohydrate malabsorption after a 2-week gluten challenge.	Carbohydrates	148-160	prolyl endopeptidase	Homo sapiens	28-31
21884341-2	2011	Serum levels of sialylated carbohydrate antigen KL-6 (KL-6), a known marker of disease activity in fibrosing lung disorders, had been regularly measured once a month for early detection of IP, and had begun rising noticeably from 12 weeks to 540 U/mL at 33 weeks of treatment.	Carbohydrates	27-39	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	48-52
15983197-7	2005	Wild-type and USF2 knockout mice exhibited a 2.5-fold stimulation of renal TGF-beta1 expression upon fasting and refeeding with a carbohydrate-rich diet, whereas USF1 knockout mice exhibited only a minimal increase of renal TGF-beta1 upon refeeding.	Carbohydrates	130-142	upstream transcription factor 2	Mus musculus	14-18
15714131-1	2005	OBJECTIVES: Assuming that a high flux of carbohydrate is strictly connected with lipid synthesis in neoplastic cells, one can hypothesize that the activity of citrate synthase, which plays an important role in glucose to lipid conversion, is enhanced in pancreatic cancer.	Carbohydrates	41-53	citrate synthase	Homo sapiens	159-175
15983197-7	2005	Wild-type and USF2 knockout mice exhibited a 2.5-fold stimulation of renal TGF-beta1 expression upon fasting and refeeding with a carbohydrate-rich diet, whereas USF1 knockout mice exhibited only a minimal increase of renal TGF-beta1 upon refeeding.	Carbohydrates	130-142	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	75-84
21884341-2	2011	Serum levels of sialylated carbohydrate antigen KL-6 (KL-6), a known marker of disease activity in fibrosing lung disorders, had been regularly measured once a month for early detection of IP, and had begun rising noticeably from 12 weeks to 540 U/mL at 33 weeks of treatment.	Carbohydrates	27-39	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	54-58
15983197-9	2005	We conclude that USF1 is stimulated by modest increases in glucose concentration in murine mesangial cells, bind to the murine TGF-beta1 promoter, contribute to carbohydrate-induced renal TGF-beta1 expression, and may play a role in diabetes-related gene regulation in the kidney.	Carbohydrates	161-173	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	188-197
15720223-10	2005	VVA-binding carbohydrates, i.e. N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residues, especially those carried by atypical MUC1 protein, in aggressive cancer cells may serve as an important drug target.	Carbohydrates	12-25	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	104-108
21540232-8	2011	The precise knowledge of carbohydrate specificity of DC-SIGN and Langerin receptors resulting from our study may aid the future design of microbicides that specifically affect the DC-SIGN/HIV-1 interaction while not compromising the protective function of Langerin.	Carbohydrates	25-37	CD207 molecule	Homo sapiens	65-73
15701573-2	2005	It is debated whether reduction of body fat mass during long term growth hormone (GH) administration improves carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	110-122	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	82-84
21530529-0	2011	Adiponectin profiles are affected by chronic and acute changes in carbohydrate intake in healthy cats.	Carbohydrates	66-78	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Felis catus	0-11
16492547-17	2005	This cycle of substrate fluxes, simplified as plasma glucose --&gt; muscle glycogen --&gt; plasma lactate --&gt; liver glycogen --&gt; plasma glucose, is important in the redistribution of carbohydrate fuels in some species (Cori and Cori, 1929) and is discussed here in relation to the role of amylin.	Carbohydrates	189-201	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	295-301
15644453-2	2005	AMPK is thought to be inhibited by glycogen, the major storage form of intracellular carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	85-97	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
21530529-1	2011	Adiponectin is a key adipokine that regulates carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	46-58	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Felis catus	0-11
16002992-1	2005	UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UGDH) catalyzes the conversion of UDP-glucose to UDP-glucuronic acid, which is required in liver for the excretion of toxic compounds, and for the biosynthesis of complex carbohydrates, such as hyaluronan, in many cell types.	Carbohydrates	198-211	UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-25
16002992-1	2005	UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UGDH) catalyzes the conversion of UDP-glucose to UDP-glucuronic acid, which is required in liver for the excretion of toxic compounds, and for the biosynthesis of complex carbohydrates, such as hyaluronan, in many cell types.	Carbohydrates	198-211	UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	27-31
21530529-9	2011	Cats consuming the high carbohydrate diet had increased fasting total and LMW adiponectin with no change in HMW adiponectin.	Carbohydrates	24-36	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Felis catus	78-89
15606797-8	2005	Porcine SP-D bound to solid-phase mannan in a dose and Ca(2+)-dependent manner with a saccharide specificity similar to rat and human SP-D.	Carbohydrates	86-96	surfactant protein D	Rattus norvegicus	8-12
21530529-11	2011	These data indicate that feline adiponectin multimer profiles are similar to those reported in other species and demonstrate that changes in plasma adiponectin occur in response to chronic and acute carbohydrate intake and these reflect differential changes in adiponectin multimers.	Carbohydrates	199-211	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Felis catus	148-159
21530529-11	2011	These data indicate that feline adiponectin multimer profiles are similar to those reported in other species and demonstrate that changes in plasma adiponectin occur in response to chronic and acute carbohydrate intake and these reflect differential changes in adiponectin multimers.	Carbohydrates	199-211	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Felis catus	148-159
15976146-7	2005	This increase in gene expression was accompanied by a decrease in oxidative phosphorylation and carbohydrate metabolism (ATP citrate lyase).	Carbohydrates	96-108	ATP citrate lyase	Mus musculus	121-138
21145868-8	2011	CONCLUSIONS: All together, our results suggest that adiponutrin/PNPLA3 is regulated by two key factors of the glycolytic and lipogenic pathways, raising the question of its implication in the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids.	Carbohydrates	206-219	patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3	Mus musculus	52-63
15777735-2	2005	All healthy newborn children express high levels of lactase and are able to digest large quantities of lactose, the main carbohydrate in milk.	Carbohydrates	121-133	lactase	Homo sapiens	52-59
15607658-4	2005	The proteins directly involved with the carbohydrates and energetic metabolisms were: alpha glucosidase, glucose oxidase and alpha amylase, whose are members of the same family of enzymes, catalyzing the hydrolysis of the glucosidic linkages of starch; alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase, whose are constituents of the energetic metabolism.	Carbohydrates	40-53	aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial	Apis mellifera	279-301
21145868-8	2011	CONCLUSIONS: All together, our results suggest that adiponutrin/PNPLA3 is regulated by two key factors of the glycolytic and lipogenic pathways, raising the question of its implication in the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids.	Carbohydrates	206-219	patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3	Mus musculus	64-70
15544801-5	2004	However, we demonstrated recently that the molecular recognition of ManLAM terminal mannose units by human pulmonary surfactant protein A (hSP-A) carbohydrate recognition domains depends on the presence of the lipid moiety of the ManLAMs as proposed by Sidobre et al.	Carbohydrates	146-158	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	107-137
21646544-5	2011	Here we show in a model of chronic hyperinsulinemia that adipocytes develop selective insulin resistance in which translocation of the GLUT4 glucose transporter to the cell surface is blunted yet nuclear exclusion of the FoxO1 transcription factor is preserved, rendering uncoupled insulin-controlled carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms.	Carbohydrates	301-313	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Homo sapiens	135-140
15506986-4	2004	In CD69, incorporation of calcium causes a structural shift in several amino acids important for the interaction with carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	118-131	CD69 molecule	Homo sapiens	3-7
15608147-2	2005	SP-D binds in a calcium-dependent manner to carbohydrate attachments on the viral hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA).	Carbohydrates	44-56	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	105-118
15506986-5	2004	Structural studies have also allowed us to understand an interesting preference of these receptors for either linear (NKR-P1) or branched (CD69) carbohydrate sequences.	Carbohydrates	145-157	CD69 molecule	Homo sapiens	139-143
21427215-0	2011	Lack of dietary carbohydrates induces hepatic growth hormone (GH) resistance in rats.	Carbohydrates	16-29	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	46-60
15331573-12	2004	This study clearly demonstrates that substitution of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid for carbohydrate in the corpulent JCR:LA-cp rat reduces de novo lipogenesis, at least in part, by reducing hepatic expression of SREBP-1c and that strategies directed toward reducing SREBP-1c expression in the liver may mitigate the adverse effects of hyperinsulinemia on hepatic lipid production.	Carbohydrates	92-104	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	217-225
15331573-12	2004	This study clearly demonstrates that substitution of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid for carbohydrate in the corpulent JCR:LA-cp rat reduces de novo lipogenesis, at least in part, by reducing hepatic expression of SREBP-1c and that strategies directed toward reducing SREBP-1c expression in the liver may mitigate the adverse effects of hyperinsulinemia on hepatic lipid production.	Carbohydrates	92-104	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	271-279
16052375-2	2005	The detected activities (leucine aminopeptidase, beta-glucosidase, alpha-glucosidase, and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase) were related to the available organic substrates (proteins and carbohydrates) and to the bacterial community (expressed in terms of abundance, biomass, and frequency of cell division).	Carbohydrates	183-196	O-GlcNAcase	Homo sapiens	90-118
15654820-3	2005	The mannose receptor (ManR) has a cysteine rich domain (CR) and eight carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD) that bind glycosylated proteins.	Carbohydrates	70-82	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	4-20
21427215-0	2011	Lack of dietary carbohydrates induces hepatic growth hormone (GH) resistance in rats.	Carbohydrates	16-29	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	62-64
21427215-10	2011	In conclusion, lack of carbohydrates in LC-HFD induces hepatic GH resistance.	Carbohydrates	23-36	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	63-65
15138737-4	2004	Then, the interaction force occurring between concanavalin A and the carbohydrate component of the glycoproteins arylsulfatase A and carboxypeptidase Y was measured.	Carbohydrates	69-81	arylsulfatase A	Homo sapiens	113-128
21192937-4	2011	Hypoxia caused reduced binding of the glucose responsive MondoA:Mlx transcription factor to the carbohydrate response elements (ChoREs) in the Txnip promoter.	Carbohydrates	96-108	MLX interacting protein	Homo sapiens	57-63
15654820-3	2005	The mannose receptor (ManR) has a cysteine rich domain (CR) and eight carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD) that bind glycosylated proteins.	Carbohydrates	70-82	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	22-26
21426792-5	2011	CONCLUSION: Long-term isocaloric high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet can reduce body weight and visceral fat, increase the expression of ghrelin, and decline GLP-1 expression in diet-induced obesity rats.	Carbohydrates	51-63	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	137-144
15533942-10	2005	Labeling studies with [(14)C]acetate showed that acn1 seedlings, like those of the isocitrate lyase mutant icl-1 (isocitrate lyase), are compromised in carbohydrate synthesis, indicating that this enzyme is responsible for activating exogenous acetate to the coenzyme A form for entry into the glyoxylate cycle.	Carbohydrates	152-164	acyl-activating enzyme 7	Arabidopsis thaliana	49-53
21112338-1	2011	Langerin mediates the carbohydrate-dependent uptake of pathogens by Langerhans cells in the first step of antigen presentation to the adaptive immune system.	Carbohydrates	22-34	CD207 molecule	Homo sapiens	0-8
15733743-3	2005	Recent observations indicate a role for FXR also in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	52-64	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4	Homo sapiens	40-43
15733743-5	2005	At the molecular level, FXR activation modifies the transcriptional activity of different transcription factors controlling gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis, thus affecting in concert bile acid, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	204-216	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4	Homo sapiens	24-27
15733743-6	2005	The present review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the modulation of carbohydrate metabolism by FXR.	Carbohydrates	88-100	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4	Homo sapiens	115-118
21112338-2	2011	Langerin binds to an unusually diverse number of endogenous and pathogenic cell surface carbohydrates, including mannose-containing O-specific polysaccharides derived from bacterial lipopolysaccharides identified here by probing a microarray of bacterial polysaccharides.	Carbohydrates	88-101	CD207 molecule	Homo sapiens	0-8
21112338-3	2011	Crystal structures of the carbohydrate-recognition domain from human langerin bound to a series of oligomannose compounds, the blood group B antigen, and a fragment of beta-glucan reveal binding to mannose, fucose, and glucose residues by Ca(2+) coordination of vicinal hydroxyl groups with similar stereochemistry.	Carbohydrates	26-38	CD207 molecule	Homo sapiens	69-77
21283832-10	2011	Our findings indicate that C2GnT1 gene expression and the resulting C2-O-sLe(X) carbohydrates produced mediate the adhesive and invasive behaviors of human carcinomas which may influence their metastatic potential.	Carbohydrates	80-93	glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 1	Homo sapiens	27-33
15694706-10	2005	More generally, diets high in "lente carbohydrate", or administration of nutraceuticals/pharmaceuticals which slow the absorption of dietary carbohydrate, should help preserve efficient beta cell function by boosting GLP-1 production, as well as by blunting the glucotoxic impact of postprandial hyperglycemia on beta cell function.	Carbohydrates	37-49	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	217-222
21249145-5	2011	Specifically, expression levels of genes encoding putative virulence factors (e.g. LAC1, LAC2, CAS3 and MPK1) and genes encoding proteins involved in cell wall assembly, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were increased in strain R265, whereas genes involved in the regulation of mitosis and ergosterol biosynthesis were suppressed.	Carbohydrates	170-182	prickle planar cell polarity protein 1	Mus musculus	104-108
15611286-1	2004	CD1c-mediated T cells are activated by a mycobacterial phospholipid antigen whose carbohydrate structure precisely corresponds to mammalian mannosyl beta-1-phosphodolichol (MPD), but contains an unusual lipid moiety.	Carbohydrates	82-94	CD1c molecule	Homo sapiens	0-4
21170813-5	2011	After controlling for non-nutritional variables and mutually adjusting for energy-generating nutrients and ethanol, carbohydrate intake was inversely associated with ER-alpha (P = 0.04) and PR (P = 0.10) expression.	Carbohydrates	116-128	progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens	190-192
15563967-9	2004	Such results suggest that inhibitory activity of CE-L on alpha-glucosidase may contribute to delay in carbohydrate digestion and glucose absorption.	Carbohydrates	102-114	carboxyl ester lipase	Mus musculus	49-53
15606349-3	2004	Sialyl-Tn is a carbohydrate associated with MUC1.	Carbohydrates	15-27	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	44-48
15488333-8	2004	PACAP increased [Ca2+]i in NPY neurons of the ARC that are implicated in the feeding, particularly the carbohydrate ingestion.	Carbohydrates	103-115	neuropeptide Y	Mus musculus	27-30
21170813-8	2011	Although in these data no strong relations of qualitative aspects of diet with hormone receptor expression in breast cancer tumors were evident, the inverse association of carbohydrate intake with ER-alpha, and perhaps PR, expression merits further study in future investigations.	Carbohydrates	172-184	progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens	219-221
21780663-1	2011	Inhibitors of intestinal enzymes regulate carbohydrate metabolism reducing glycemic index, glycemic load of food and postprandial glycemia which is a prognostic factor of DM2-related cardiovascular complications and death.	Carbohydrates	42-54	immunoglobulin heavy diversity 1-14 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	171-174
15319454-5	2004	Induction of these lipogenic genes by a high-carbohydrate diet caused an exacerbation in the development of fatty liver and an increase in liver size, hepatic triglyceride, and cholesterol contents in ob/ob-C/EBP alpha/Cre(-) mice but not in ob/ob-C/EBP alpha/Cre(+) mice.	Carbohydrates	45-57	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), alpha	Mus musculus	207-218
15319454-5	2004	Induction of these lipogenic genes by a high-carbohydrate diet caused an exacerbation in the development of fatty liver and an increase in liver size, hepatic triglyceride, and cholesterol contents in ob/ob-C/EBP alpha/Cre(-) mice but not in ob/ob-C/EBP alpha/Cre(+) mice.	Carbohydrates	45-57	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), alpha	Mus musculus	248-259
20501874-5	2010	In the first study, mice consuming a high-fat diet containing 70% fat and &lt;1% carbohydrates for 6 wk showed higher markers of the UPR (BiP, IRE1alpha, and MBTPS2) in the soleus and in the tibialis anterior muscles and ATF4 in the tibialis anterior (P &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	81-94	endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to nucleus signalling 1	Mus musculus	143-152
15501181-1	2004	Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (Fru-2,6-P(2)) regulates key reactions of the primary carbohydrate metabolism in all eukaryotes.	Carbohydrates	80-92	zinc finger and BTB domain containing 22	Homo sapiens	0-3
20501874-6	2010	In the second study, a 20-wk high-fat diet containing 46% fat and 36% carbohydrates also increased BiP, IRE1alpha, and phospho-PERK protein and the expression of ATF4, CHOP, and both the spliced and unspliced forms of XBP1 in the plantar flexors (P &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	70-83	endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to nucleus signalling 1	Mus musculus	104-113
20595206-6	2010	Carbohydrate analysis of total cell wall extracts revealed a reduction in xylose for the irx14 and irx14 irx14L(+-) mutants, consistent with a defect in glucuronoxylan biosynthesis.	Carbohydrates	0-12	Nucleotide-diphospho-sugar transferases superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	89-94
20595206-6	2010	Carbohydrate analysis of total cell wall extracts revealed a reduction in xylose for the irx14 and irx14 irx14L(+-) mutants, consistent with a defect in glucuronoxylan biosynthesis.	Carbohydrates	0-12	Nucleotide-diphospho-sugar transferases superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	99-104
15501492-7	2004	After the leptin infusion, carbohydrate (CHO) eaters (&gt;35% carbohydrate/total energy) significantly reduced the carbohydrate proportion in their total energy intake.	Carbohydrates	27-39	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	10-16
15501492-7	2004	After the leptin infusion, carbohydrate (CHO) eaters (&gt;35% carbohydrate/total energy) significantly reduced the carbohydrate proportion in their total energy intake.	Carbohydrates	62-74	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	10-16
20543007-8	2010	On the basis of the spatial proximity and germline sequence, we reintroduced the consensus N-glycosylation site in H-CDR2 which was found in the original antibody, anticipating that the carbohydrate moiety would shield the aggregation "hot spot" in H-CDR3 while not interfering with antigen binding.	Carbohydrates	186-198	cerebellar degeneration related protein 2	Homo sapiens	117-121
15501492-7	2004	After the leptin infusion, carbohydrate (CHO) eaters (&gt;35% carbohydrate/total energy) significantly reduced the carbohydrate proportion in their total energy intake.	Carbohydrates	62-74	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	10-16
15380311-5	2004	administration of ghrelin potently enhanced fat intake over carbohydrate intake in both HC- and HF-preferring rats.	Carbohydrates	60-72	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	18-25
20543007-8	2010	On the basis of the spatial proximity and germline sequence, we reintroduced the consensus N-glycosylation site in H-CDR2 which was found in the original antibody, anticipating that the carbohydrate moiety would shield the aggregation "hot spot" in H-CDR3 while not interfering with antigen binding.	Carbohydrates	186-198	CDR3	Homo sapiens	251-255
20557876-1	2010	The O-glycosylated domains of mucins and mucin-type glycoproteins contain 50-80% of carbohydrate and possess expanded conformations.	Carbohydrates	84-96	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	30-35
15361535-6	2004	INV activity is greater than sucrose synthase activity throughout development, and both activities exceed the demand for carbohydrate for dry matter accumulation.	Carbohydrates	121-133	beta-fructofuranosidase, insoluble isoenzyme 1-like	Nicotiana tabacum	0-3
15361535-8	2004	Manipulating the INV pathway in an oilseed could either increase oil accumulation and sink strength, or disrupt carbohydrate metabolism, possibly through sugar-sensing, and decrease the storage function.	Carbohydrates	112-124	beta-fructofuranosidase, insoluble isoenzyme 1-like	Nicotiana tabacum	17-20
20557876-2	2010	Herein, we describe a flow cytometry (FCM) method for determining the carbohydrate-binding specificities of lectins to mucin.	Carbohydrates	70-82	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	119-124
20461825-3	2010	As a potential means to enhance the bioavailabilities of the antigenic structures, hydrolysis-resistant carbohydrate analogues with fluorine substituents at positions C6, C2" and C6" were synthesised and incorporated into the tandem repeat sequence of the mucin MUC1.	Carbohydrates	104-116	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	256-261
15284406-5	2004	High-carbohydrate diets increase blood glucose and insulin levels and may predispose cats to obesity and diabetes.	Carbohydrates	5-17	insulin	Felis catus	51-58
15284406-6	2004	Low-carbohydrate, high-protein diets may help prevent diabetes in cats at risk such as obese cats or lean cats with underlying low insulin sensitivity.	Carbohydrates	4-16	insulin	Felis catus	131-138
15206160-1	2004	Glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1), an intestinal hormone secreted by L cells in response to luminal nutrients(carbohydrate and fat), enhances glucose-induced insulin secretion.	Carbohydrates	107-119	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	24-29
20461825-3	2010	As a potential means to enhance the bioavailabilities of the antigenic structures, hydrolysis-resistant carbohydrate analogues with fluorine substituents at positions C6, C2" and C6" were synthesised and incorporated into the tandem repeat sequence of the mucin MUC1.	Carbohydrates	104-116	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	262-266
20067961-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: We have recently shown that a high-fat high-carbohydrate (HFHC) meal induces an increase in plasma concentrations of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) and the expression of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) and suppresser of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) in mononuclear cells (MNCs) in addition to oxidative stress and cellular inflammation.	Carbohydrates	55-67	suppressor of cytokine signaling 3	Homo sapiens	220-254
20067961-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: We have recently shown that a high-fat high-carbohydrate (HFHC) meal induces an increase in plasma concentrations of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) and the expression of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) and suppresser of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) in mononuclear cells (MNCs) in addition to oxidative stress and cellular inflammation.	Carbohydrates	55-67	suppressor of cytokine signaling 3	Homo sapiens	256-261
20546397-8	2010	Carbohydrate-staining revealed formation of glyco-polymers due to covalent linkages between glucosamine and mWPC proteins after TGase processing.	Carbohydrates	0-12	transglutaminase 1	Homo sapiens	128-133
15115550-7	2004	Small (10 micron) germ-like cells showing PS1 meiotically expressed oocyte carbohydrate protein are derived from SE cells via asymmetric division.	Carbohydrates	75-87	presenilin 1	Homo sapiens	42-45
15284203-3	2004	We have studied the inhibitory effect of the intake of two different macronutrients (fat and carbohydrates) on ghrelin production by the stomach in fasted rats, as well as the relation with another important signal in the regulation of energy balance, leptin.	Carbohydrates	93-106	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	111-118
15284203-8	2004	The decrease in ghrelin expression by feeding was associated with an increased expression of gastric leptin only when animals ate carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	130-143	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	16-23
15284203-9	2004	We conclude that the inhibition of ghrelin production by the stomach after re-feeding of fasted rats is dependent on diet composition and can be related to the different satiating capacity of the ingested macronutrients, which is higher for carbohydrates than fat.	Carbohydrates	241-254	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	35-42
20304787-7	2010	However, the carbon (C)/N ratios and carbohydrate levels in aox1a plants were similar to those in the WT under low-N stress.	Carbohydrates	37-49	alternative oxidase 1A	Arabidopsis thaliana	60-65
15564529-0	2004	The GAOLAOZHUANGREN1 gene encodes a putative glycosyltransferase that is critical for normal development and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	109-121	glycosyltransferase	Arabidopsis thaliana	45-64
15185366-3	2004	In the present study we use four different glycolipids, some of which contain tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens, to develop a procedure to easily detect binding of glycolipids to CD1 proteins on viable cells.	Carbohydrates	95-107	CD1c molecule	Homo sapiens	184-187
15587268-8	2004	When the Bbeta was secreted individually, the glycosylation profile of the molecule was of a mature complex saccharide indicating recognition of the molecule by the glycosylation pathway without association with other fibrinogen chains.	Carbohydrates	108-118	protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B', beta	Mus musculus	9-14
20028849-3	2010	AMPK is an important regulator of carbohydrate and fat metabolism in mammalian cells.	Carbohydrates	34-46	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
15148296-3	2004	Galectin-1 is a dimer of two homologous carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) and possesses apoptotic and proinvasive activities.	Carbohydrates	40-52	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 1	Mus musculus	0-10
15148296-5	2004	Because many cellular oligosaccharide receptors are multivalent, it is important to characterize the interactions of multivalent carbohydrates with galectins-1 and -3.	Carbohydrates	129-142	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 1	Mus musculus	148-166
15333705-0	2004	Starvation and feeding a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet regulate the expression sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 in chickens.	Carbohydrates	30-42	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Gallus gallus	81-124
15333705-4	2004	In this study, we found that in previously starved chicks, feeding a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet stimulated a robust increase (14-fold at 5 h of feeding) in the concentration of mature SREBP-1 in liver.	Carbohydrates	74-86	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Gallus gallus	189-196
15333705-5	2004	Feeding a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet also increased the concentration of precursor SREBP-1 and SREBP-1 messenger RNA in chick liver; however, the magnitude of this effect was substantially lower than that observed for mature SREBP-1.	Carbohydrates	15-27	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Gallus gallus	88-95
15333705-5	2004	Feeding a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet also increased the concentration of precursor SREBP-1 and SREBP-1 messenger RNA in chick liver; however, the magnitude of this effect was substantially lower than that observed for mature SREBP-1.	Carbohydrates	15-27	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Gallus gallus	100-107
15333705-5	2004	Feeding a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet also increased the concentration of precursor SREBP-1 and SREBP-1 messenger RNA in chick liver; however, the magnitude of this effect was substantially lower than that observed for mature SREBP-1.	Carbohydrates	15-27	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Gallus gallus	100-107
15333705-6	2004	DNA binding experiments demonstrated that 3 protein complexes containing SREBP bound the acetyl-CoA carboxylase-alpha (ACCalpha) sterol regulatory element (SRE) in chick liver and that the binding activity of 2 of these complexes was increased by consumption of a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet.	Carbohydrates	269-281	acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha	Gallus gallus	89-117
15333705-8	2004	These results indicate that alterations in the concentration of mature SREBP-1 play a role in mediating the effects of starvation and feeding a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet on ACCalpha transcription in chick liver and that diet-induced changes in mature SREBP-1 concentration in chick liver are mediated primarily by a posttranslational mechanism.	Carbohydrates	149-161	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Gallus gallus	71-78
15207718-1	2004	alpha-l-Fucosidase is a lysosomal enzyme responsible for hydrolyzing the alpha-1,6-linked fucose joined to the reducing-end N-acetylglucosamine of carbohydrate moieties in glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	147-159	SSOP1_RS15095	Saccharolobus solfataricus	0-18
15131127-1	2004	Galectin-12 is a member of the galectin family consisting of beta-galactoside-binding proteins with conserved carbohydrate recognition domains.	Carbohydrates	110-122	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 12	Mus musculus	0-11
15223797-2	2004	METHODS: The human ocular surface was examined immunohistochemically and immunoelectron microscopically using monoclonal antibody (mAb) KL-6, which recognize a carbohydrate epitope of MUC1.	Carbohydrates	160-172	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	136-140
15223797-2	2004	METHODS: The human ocular surface was examined immunohistochemically and immunoelectron microscopically using monoclonal antibody (mAb) KL-6, which recognize a carbohydrate epitope of MUC1.	Carbohydrates	160-172	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	184-188
15060079-1	2004	Serum mannose-binding protein (MBP) neutralizes invading microorganisms by binding to cell surface carbohydrates and activating MBP-associated serine proteases-1, -2, and -3 (MASPs).	Carbohydrates	99-112	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	6-29
15060079-1	2004	Serum mannose-binding protein (MBP) neutralizes invading microorganisms by binding to cell surface carbohydrates and activating MBP-associated serine proteases-1, -2, and -3 (MASPs).	Carbohydrates	99-112	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	31-34
15141079-5	2004	The transcription of genes for fucosyltransferase VII (FUT7), sialyltransferase ST3Gal-I (ST3O), and UDP-galactose transporter-1 (UGT1), which are all known to be involved in the synthesis of the carbohydrate ligands for E-selectin, was significantly induced in cancer cells by hypoxic culture.	Carbohydrates	196-208	solute carrier family 35 member A2	Homo sapiens	101-128
15141079-5	2004	The transcription of genes for fucosyltransferase VII (FUT7), sialyltransferase ST3Gal-I (ST3O), and UDP-galactose transporter-1 (UGT1), which are all known to be involved in the synthesis of the carbohydrate ligands for E-selectin, was significantly induced in cancer cells by hypoxic culture.	Carbohydrates	196-208	solute carrier family 35 member A2	Homo sapiens	130-134
15287678-5	2004	Nevertheless, there is a fraction of what has been termed resistant (RS1) starch, which enters the colon and acts as slowly digested or lente carbohydrate in the small intestine.	Carbohydrates	142-154	retinoschisin 1	Homo sapiens	69-72
15003531-8	2004	The above results indicate that high-mannose type saccharide chains of gp120 are molecular targets of AH in its anti-HIV activity.	Carbohydrates	50-60	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	71-76
14662765-9	2004	As judged by beta-galactosidase staining, Acly was expressed ubiquitously but was expressed particularly highly in tissues with high levels of lipogenesis, such as in the livers of mice fed a high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	197-209	ATP citrate lyase	Mus musculus	42-46
14657210-0	2004	The significance of carbohydrates on G-CSF: differential sensitivity of G-CSFs to human neutrophil elastase degradation.	Carbohydrates	20-33	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	88-107
15098857-2	2004	In the lumen, mucin is partially protected from proteolysis by carbohydrate chains, and it contributes to endogenous protein reaching the ileum.	Carbohydrates	63-75	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	14-19
14747738-0	2004	Structure of the saccharide-binding domain of the human natural killer cell inhibitory receptor p75/AIRM1.	Carbohydrates	17-27	sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 7	Homo sapiens	96-99
14747738-0	2004	Structure of the saccharide-binding domain of the human natural killer cell inhibitory receptor p75/AIRM1.	Carbohydrates	17-27	sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 7	Homo sapiens	100-105
14693721-0	2004	The common -866 G/A polymorphism in the promoter of uncoupling protein 2 is associated with increased carbohydrate and decreased lipid oxidation in juvenile obesity.	Carbohydrates	102-114	uncoupling protein 2	Homo sapiens	52-72
14693721-6	2004	Metabolic studies in 147 of these juvenile obese subjects showed that homozygosity for the UCP2 promoter variant A was associated with important changes in energy metabolism compared with other genotypes, i.e., a 34% increase of carbohydrate oxidation (94 +/- 10 vs. 70 +/- 3 mg.min(-1).m(-2), P = 0.004) and a 23% decrease of lipid oxidation (26 +/- 3 vs. 34 +/- 1 mg.min(-1).m(-2), P = 0.03).	Carbohydrates	229-241	uncoupling protein 2	Homo sapiens	91-95
15082084-9	2004	PACAP plays a significant role in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and impairment of functioning has potentially serious consequences.	Carbohydrates	34-46	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
15536627-5	2004	In particular, the observation of oxonium ions at m/z 512.2 and 803.2 is useful for probing outer non-reducing terminal fucosylation, which represented carbohydrate structures consisting of Hex, dHex, and HexNAc, and NeuNAc, Hex, dHex, and HexNAc, respectively, from which the Lewis X structure (Galbeta1-4(Fucalpha1-3)GlcNAc) was readily deduced.	Carbohydrates	152-164	hematopoietically expressed homeobox	Homo sapiens	190-193
14640563-1	2003	A micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography method for determination of low molecular weight carbohydrates (dp 1-2) with an unbound carbonyl group as in aldoses or other reducing carbohydrates has been developed.	Carbohydrates	100-113	prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens	115-121
14640563-1	2003	A micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography method for determination of low molecular weight carbohydrates (dp 1-2) with an unbound carbonyl group as in aldoses or other reducing carbohydrates has been developed.	Carbohydrates	186-199	prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens	115-121
14594564-2	2003	Recent work has demonstrated that the metabolic stress kinase AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays an important role in the acute regulation of carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism in the setting of acute energetic stressors, such as ischemia/reperfusion, or increased workload, through covalent and noncovalent regulation of enzymes involved in intermediary metabolism.	Carbohydrates	149-161	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	62-90
14594564-2	2003	Recent work has demonstrated that the metabolic stress kinase AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays an important role in the acute regulation of carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism in the setting of acute energetic stressors, such as ischemia/reperfusion, or increased workload, through covalent and noncovalent regulation of enzymes involved in intermediary metabolism.	Carbohydrates	149-161	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	92-96
14594564-3	2003	In addition, chronic activation of AMPK has been shown to affect the expression of key proteins regulating carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	107-119	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	35-39
14967869-12	2003	These data support a possible effect of carbohydrate supplementation on IL-2 and IL-5 secretion following high-intensity resistance exercise.	Carbohydrates	40-52	interleukin 5	Homo sapiens	81-85
14694219-9	2003	UCP-DTA mice progressively decreased their carbohydrate intake, resulting in an almost complete avoidance of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	43-55	uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	0-3
14694219-9	2003	UCP-DTA mice progressively decreased their carbohydrate intake, resulting in an almost complete avoidance of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	109-121	uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	0-3
14612363-3	2003	SP-A and SP-D are calcium dependent carbohydrate binding proteins of the innate immune system important in the first line defence of the lung against microorganisms and in the control of lung inflammation.	Carbohydrates	36-48	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	0-4
15044719-6	2004	However, cytokine profiles differed substantially between the groups, with significantly lower mRNA expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 4 observed in rats fed low-carbohydrate diets orally.	Carbohydrates	184-196	interleukin 4	Rattus norvegicus	145-158
14769060-5	2004	The binding of (2) to mucin was found to impart resistance to mucin against both tryptic and O-glycanase digestion, suggesting that, the aggregation of mucin causes conformational as well as configurational changes in the glycoprotein; thus perturbing the location of carbohydrate domains.	Carbohydrates	268-280	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	22-27
14769060-5	2004	The binding of (2) to mucin was found to impart resistance to mucin against both tryptic and O-glycanase digestion, suggesting that, the aggregation of mucin causes conformational as well as configurational changes in the glycoprotein; thus perturbing the location of carbohydrate domains.	Carbohydrates	268-280	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	62-67
14769060-5	2004	The binding of (2) to mucin was found to impart resistance to mucin against both tryptic and O-glycanase digestion, suggesting that, the aggregation of mucin causes conformational as well as configurational changes in the glycoprotein; thus perturbing the location of carbohydrate domains.	Carbohydrates	268-280	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	62-67
14681222-8	2004	As a result, the pattern of TN-R modification with distinct sulfated carbohydrate structures changes dramatically over the course of postnatal cerebellar development in the rat.	Carbohydrates	69-81	tenascin R	Rattus norvegicus	28-32
14670950-3	2004	Enzymatic deglycosylation, site-directed mutagenesis, and lectin precipitation assays were used to demonstrate that MT1-MMP contains O-linked complex carbohydrates on the Thr(291), Thr(299), Thr(300), and/or Ser(301) residues in the proline-rich linker region.	Carbohydrates	150-163	matrix metallopeptidase 14	Homo sapiens	116-123
15168731-2	2004	It has been suggested that mucins and their carbohydrate-associated antigens may be implicated in tumour spreading which may be also influenced by an anti-MUC1 immune response.	Carbohydrates	44-56	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	155-159
12972438-1	2004	The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of high-intensity endurance exercise and carbohydrate consumption on in vitro responsiveness of natural killer (NK) to IL-2 (2.5 U/ml for 24 h).	Carbohydrates	94-106	interleukin-2	Cricetulus griseus	172-176
14713940-7	2004	CONCLUSION: For wheelchair athletes, we recommend training of fat metabolism for endurance exercise at an intensity of 55% VO(2peak), because absolute fat metabolism is not higher at higher intensities but less carbohydrates are used at lower intensity levels.	Carbohydrates	211-224	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	62-65
14643651-0	2003	The crystal structure of the carbohydrate-recognition domain of the glycoprotein sorting receptor p58/ERGIC-53 reveals an unpredicted metal-binding site and conformational changes associated with calcium ion binding.	Carbohydrates	29-41	lectin, mannose binding 1	Homo sapiens	98-101
14643651-0	2003	The crystal structure of the carbohydrate-recognition domain of the glycoprotein sorting receptor p58/ERGIC-53 reveals an unpredicted metal-binding site and conformational changes associated with calcium ion binding.	Carbohydrates	29-41	lectin, mannose binding 1	Homo sapiens	102-110
14643651-3	2003	We have determined the structure of the carbohydrate-recognition domain of p58/ERGIC-53 in its calcium-bound form.	Carbohydrates	40-52	lectin, mannose binding 1	Homo sapiens	75-78
14643651-3	2003	We have determined the structure of the carbohydrate-recognition domain of p58/ERGIC-53 in its calcium-bound form.	Carbohydrates	40-52	lectin, mannose binding 1	Homo sapiens	79-87
14644168-7	2003	These data highlight a novel deregulatory effect of extracellular Trx upon morphological capillary differentiation that appears to depend upon the reduction of laminin and destabilisation of its interaction with galectin-3, possibly leading to galectin-3 neutralisation that shifts cell/matrix adhesive interactions away from being carbohydrate mediated and results in loss of proliferation-inhibiting and differentiation promoting cues from this tumor basement membrane matrix.	Carbohydrates	332-344	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	244-254
14629470-6	2003	These results are interpreted based on the recent determination of the crystal structure of the carbohydrate recognition domain of LMAN1.	Carbohydrates	96-108	lectin, mannose binding 1	Homo sapiens	131-136
12796501-1	2003	Transcription of the rat fatty acid synthase (FAS) gene in the rat liver can be regulated by feeding a high carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	108-120	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	25-44
12796501-1	2003	Transcription of the rat fatty acid synthase (FAS) gene in the rat liver can be regulated by feeding a high carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	108-120	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
12855381-2	2003	Mucin carbohydrates and amino acids, as well as trapped soluble host defense molecules, serve as substrates for colonization and control or deter pathogen invasion to the underlying mucosal epithelial cells.	Carbohydrates	6-19	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	0-5
12766047-0	2003	MUC16 mucin is expressed by the human ocular surface epithelia and carries the H185 carbohydrate epitope.	Carbohydrates	84-96	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	6-11
12766047-6	2003	Determination of whether MUC1 and MUC16 mucins carry the H185 carbohydrate epitope was achieved with the respective mucins isolated from HCLE protein extracts, using one- or two-step immunoprecipitation assays and immunodepletion experiments followed by Western blot analysis.	Carbohydrates	62-74	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	25-29
12766047-14	2003	CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that the membrane-associated mucin MUC16 is expressed by the human ocular surface epithelia and that MUC16 carries the H185 carbohydrate epitope.	Carbohydrates	161-173	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	66-71
12787488-10	2003	In conclusion, changes in the composition of dietary fat and carbohydrates could affect the hepatic ACS, CPT-I, and ACC mRNA levels.	Carbohydrates	61-74	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B	Rattus norvegicus	105-110
12505869-0	2003	Recombinant human SP-A1 and SP-A2 proteins have different carbohydrate-binding characteristics.	Carbohydrates	58-70	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	18-23
12505869-2	2003	SP-A binds to the carbohydrates of lung pathogens via its calcium-dependant carbohydrate-binding domain.	Carbohydrates	18-31	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	0-4
12505869-2	2003	SP-A binds to the carbohydrates of lung pathogens via its calcium-dependant carbohydrate-binding domain.	Carbohydrates	18-30	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	0-4
12505869-5	2003	We hypothesized that SP-A1 and SP-A2 might have different carbohydrate-binding properties.	Carbohydrates	58-70	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	21-26
12505869-6	2003	In this study, we characterized the carbohydrate-binding specificities of native human alveolar SP-A and recombinant human SP-A1 and SP-A2 in the presence of either 1 or 5 mM Ca(2+).	Carbohydrates	36-48	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	96-100
12505869-6	2003	In this study, we characterized the carbohydrate-binding specificities of native human alveolar SP-A and recombinant human SP-A1 and SP-A2 in the presence of either 1 or 5 mM Ca(2+).	Carbohydrates	36-48	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	123-128
12505869-7	2003	We found that all of the SP-A proteins bind carbohydrates but with different affinities.	Carbohydrates	44-57	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	25-29
12787807-0	2003	Effectiveness of carbohydrate-restricted diet and arginine granules therapy for adult-onset type II citrullinemia: a case report of siblings showing homozygous SLC25A13 mutation with and without the disease.	Carbohydrates	17-29	solute carrier family 25 member 13	Homo sapiens	160-168
12787807-8	2003	These results suggest that, although adult-onset type II citrullinemia is caused by a deficiency of citrin, which plays key roles in carbohydrates, amino acids and even lipid metabolism, some other environmental or genetic factors are required for the onset of the disease, and from the authors" clinical experience, a carbohydrate-restricted (relatively high-protein) diet is advocated as a benefit to the patients, and that arginine granules are indispensable to this new dietary therapy.	Carbohydrates	133-146	solute carrier family 25 member 13	Homo sapiens	100-106
12667058-1	2003	The conformation of the carbohydrate recognition domain of Galectin-3, a lectin known to bind galactose containing oligosaccharides in mammalian systems, has been investigated in the absence of ligand and in the presence of N-acetylactosamine.	Carbohydrates	24-36	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	59-69
12630888-1	2003	We developed a carbohydrate sensing material, which consists of a crystalline colloidal array (CCA) incorporated into a polyacrylamide hydrogel (PCCA) with pendent boronic acid groups.	Carbohydrates	15-27	propionyl-CoA carboxylase subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	145-149
12630888-3	2003	This boronic acid PCCA responds to species containing vicinal cis diols such as carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	80-93	propionyl-CoA carboxylase subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	18-22
12676532-5	2003	The combined results, along with our observation that PrP carries the recognition molecule-related HNK-1 carbohydrate, argue strongly for a role of the molecule in neural recognition by interacting with yet unknown heterophilic neuronal receptors, as shown by comparison of neurite outgrowth from neurons of PrP-deficient and wild-type mice.	Carbohydrates	105-117	prion protein	Mus musculus	54-57
14617232-6	2003	The activity of carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes such as hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycogen synthase and glycogen content were increased to near normal in vanadium complex-administered diabetic rats.	Carbohydrates	16-28	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	70-103
12851408-0	2003	Crystal structure and carbohydrate-binding properties of the human cartilage glycoprotein-39.	Carbohydrates	22-34	chitinase 3 like 1	Homo sapiens	67-92
12878160-2	2003	To identify new members related to two previously characterized intracellular lectins ERGIC-53/p58 and VIP36, we carried out an extensive database search using the conserved carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) as a search string.	Carbohydrates	174-186	lectin, mannose binding 1	Homo sapiens	86-94
12878160-2	2003	To identify new members related to two previously characterized intracellular lectins ERGIC-53/p58 and VIP36, we carried out an extensive database search using the conserved carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) as a search string.	Carbohydrates	174-186	lectin, mannose binding 1	Homo sapiens	95-98
20200279-0	2010	Carbohydrate oxidation acidifies endosomes, regulating antigen processing and TLR9 signaling.	Carbohydrates	0-12	toll like receptor 9	Homo sapiens	78-82
12874235-7	2003	The greater hemagglutination inhibitory activity of pSP-A is due to porcine-specific structural features of the conserved asparagine-linked oligosaccharide in the carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-A.	Carbohydrates	163-175	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	52-57
12874235-7	2003	The greater hemagglutination inhibitory activity of pSP-A is due to porcine-specific structural features of the conserved asparagine-linked oligosaccharide in the carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-A.	Carbohydrates	163-175	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	53-57
20200279-5	2010	Our findings lead to a model in which oxidation of carbohydrates from encapsulated microbes facilitates adaptive immune responses against microbial protein and carbohydrate Ags through promoting Ag processing for MHC II-mediated presentation as well as innate responses against released microbial DNA via TLR9 signaling.	Carbohydrates	51-64	toll like receptor 9	Homo sapiens	305-309
12900686-0	2003	Effect of prolonged exercise and carbohydrate on total neutrophil elastase content.	Carbohydrates	33-45	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	55-74
20200279-5	2010	Our findings lead to a model in which oxidation of carbohydrates from encapsulated microbes facilitates adaptive immune responses against microbial protein and carbohydrate Ags through promoting Ag processing for MHC II-mediated presentation as well as innate responses against released microbial DNA via TLR9 signaling.	Carbohydrates	51-63	toll like receptor 9	Homo sapiens	305-309
12600830-8	2003	The results of this study suggest that exposure of airway cells to EGF may result in remodeling of mucin carbohydrate structure, potentially altering the biological properties of the cells.	Carbohydrates	105-117	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	99-104
19815850-6	2010	Identification of the mucin which is the carrier of a carbohydrate structure offers unique advantages for future development of more accurate diagnostic and prognostic markers.	Carbohydrates	54-66	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	22-27
21203987-3	2010	The binding is Ca(2+)-dependent and is not inhibited by mannose, suggesting that the sugar-binding site of the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of SP-A is not involved.	Carbohydrates	111-123	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	152-156
12802690-9	2003	Thus, cells of the avian immune system are as rich and diverse in their lectin binding sites as their mammalian counterparts, indicating that similar carbohydrate lectin interactions between cells and matrices take place in birds as well.	Carbohydrates	150-162	galectin 3	Gallus gallus	163-169
12892407-3	2003	In this study, we found that HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope was specifically detected in some of the cranial ganglia, migrating trunk NCCs and some non-NCC derivatives in the rat embryo.	Carbohydrates	35-47	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	29-34
19892701-6	2010	We use surface plasmon resonance, carbohydrate binding, and pulldown assays combined with site-directed mutagenesis to define the binding site involved in the interaction of FIBCD1 with acetylated structures.	Carbohydrates	34-46	fibrinogen C domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	174-180
12777791-1	2003	Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) is a workhorse enzyme of carbohydrate metabolism that interconverts glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate.	Carbohydrates	56-68	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	0-24
12777791-1	2003	Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) is a workhorse enzyme of carbohydrate metabolism that interconverts glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate.	Carbohydrates	56-68	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	26-29
21452470-23	2010	In some abnormal states, such as untreated diabetes, fat is more easily oxidized than carbohydrate and is thus preferred, at least in experiments using animal models (Tordoff et al., 1987).	Carbohydrates	86-98	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	53-56
12626387-4	2003	Using monoclonal antibodies to defined protein and sulfated carbohydrate epitopes specific to MUC5B, we conduct an immunohistochemical study of different salivary gland types, including submandibular, sublingual, and labial glands.	Carbohydrates	60-72	mucin 5B, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	94-99
21452471-6	2010	This stems in part from the higher metabolizable energy content of fat, which is more than twice that of carbohydrate and protein.	Carbohydrates	105-117	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	67-70
12626394-0	2003	Characterization of carbohydrate recognition by langerin, a C-type lectin of Langerhans cells.	Carbohydrates	20-32	CD207 molecule	Homo sapiens	48-56
21452471-9	2010	In addition, high-fat food is often found to be less satiating than an equal volume of high-carbohydrate food, which can exacerbate the overconsumption of high-fat foods.	Carbohydrates	92-104	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	160-163
12626394-2	2003	The extracellular domain of langerin consists of a neck region containing a series of heptad repeats and a C-terminal C-type carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD).	Carbohydrates	125-137	CD207 molecule	Homo sapiens	28-36
12787807-8	2003	These results suggest that, although adult-onset type II citrullinemia is caused by a deficiency of citrin, which plays key roles in carbohydrates, amino acids and even lipid metabolism, some other environmental or genetic factors are required for the onset of the disease, and from the authors" clinical experience, a carbohydrate-restricted (relatively high-protein) diet is advocated as a benefit to the patients, and that arginine granules are indispensable to this new dietary therapy.	Carbohydrates	133-145	solute carrier family 25 member 13	Homo sapiens	100-106
19914413-5	2010	In addition to RAGE, proteoglycans and sulfated carbohydrate epitopes of glycolipids and glycoproteins may play a role as cell surface binding sites of HMGB1, affecting migratory behaviour of cells.	Carbohydrates	48-60	high mobility group box 1	Homo sapiens	152-157
12711387-4	2003	The predicted Chodl protein is a type I transmembrane protein containing one carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of C-type lectin in its extracellular portion and shares a significant similarity (45%) with layilin, a hyaluronan receptor.	Carbohydrates	77-89	chondrolectin	Mus musculus	14-19
20404019-1	2010	Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (GPD1) is considered to be a key enzyme that connects carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	91-103	glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	0-36
12770644-9	2003	The activities of enzymes that participate in the synthesis of saccharides and glycoconjugates (L-glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase) and their degradation (N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase) were also evaluated.	Carbohydrates	63-74	O-GlcNAcase	Rattus norvegicus	170-199
12586312-3	2003	GLP-2 and GLP-1 are co-secreted from the enteroendocrine L-cells located in distal intestine in response to enteral nutrient ingestion, especially carbohydrate and fat.	Carbohydrates	147-159	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	10-15
20404019-1	2010	Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (GPD1) is considered to be a key enzyme that connects carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	91-103	glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	38-42
19856962-3	2009	Cyanobacterial and algal lectins have become prominent in recent years due to their unique biophysical traits, such as exhibiting novel protein folds and unusually high carbohydrate affinity, and ability to potently inhibit HIV-1 entry through high affinity carbohydrate-mediated interactions with the HIV envelope glycoprotein gp120.	Carbohydrates	258-270	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	328-333
12620150-2	2003	Expression of MUC-1 is increased in breast, ovarian, and other adenocarcinomas, and altered glycosylation results in exposure of novel peptide epitopes and the expression of tumor-associated carbohydrate residues, such as Thomsen-Freidenreich and sialyl-Tn (STn) antigens.	Carbohydrates	191-203	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	14-19
12620152-3	2003	Sialyl-Tn (STn) is a carbohydrate associated with the MUC1 mucin on breast and ovarian cancer and is an ideal candidate for vaccine immunotherapy.	Carbohydrates	21-33	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	54-58
19697039-5	2009	The VOC-responsive proteins contain ATP synthase CF1, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, photosystem II light harvesting complex, and enolase, which are components of photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	200-212	Enolase	Arabidopsis thaliana	67-155
12499328-1	2003	BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that the satiating power of the 4 macronutrients follows the oxidation hierarchy: alcohol &gt; protein &gt; carbohydrate &gt; fat.	Carbohydrates	142-154	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	160-163
19605566-0	2009	Novel variants at KCTD10, MVK, and MMAB genes interact with dietary carbohydrates to modulate HDL-cholesterol concentrations in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network Study.	Carbohydrates	68-81	potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 10	Homo sapiens	18-24
12524383-2	2003	The human collectins, mannan-binding lectin (MBL) and surfactant protein A and D (SP-A and SP-D), are oligomeric proteins composed of carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) attached to collagenous regions and are thus structurally similar to the ficolins, L-ficolin, M-ficolin, and H-ficolin.	Carbohydrates	134-146	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	54-80
12524383-2	2003	The human collectins, mannan-binding lectin (MBL) and surfactant protein A and D (SP-A and SP-D), are oligomeric proteins composed of carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) attached to collagenous regions and are thus structurally similar to the ficolins, L-ficolin, M-ficolin, and H-ficolin.	Carbohydrates	134-146	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	82-86
12512027-8	2003	When relating this observation to the high intestinal expression of human hexokinase, G6PT1, and glucose-6-phosphatase and to our results of oral carbohydrate tolerance tests in a G6PT1-deficient patient, there is evidence that a microsomal membrane traffic-based transport pathway, as recently suggested for GLUT2-deficient animals, also plays a major role in transcellular monosaccharide transport of the human intestine.	Carbohydrates	146-158	solute carrier family 37 member 4	Homo sapiens	180-185
19605566-0	2009	Novel variants at KCTD10, MVK, and MMAB genes interact with dietary carbohydrates to modulate HDL-cholesterol concentrations in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network Study.	Carbohydrates	68-81	mevalonate kinase	Homo sapiens	26-29
19605566-10	2009	Significant gene-diet interactions for HDL cholesterol were found (P &lt; 0.001-0.038), in which GG subjects at SNPs KCTD10_i5642G--&gt;C and MMAB_3U3527G--&gt;C and C allele carriers at SNP KCTD10_V206VT--&gt;C had lower concentrations only if they consumed diets with a high carbohydrate content (P &lt; 0.001-0.011).	Carbohydrates	277-289	potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 10	Homo sapiens	117-123
19605566-11	2009	CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the KCTD10 (V206VT--&gt;C and i5642G--&gt;C) and MMAB_3U3527G--&gt;C variants may contribute to the variation in HDL-cholesterol concentrations, particularly in subjects with high carbohydrate intakes.	Carbohydrates	220-232	potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 10	Homo sapiens	44-50
12608536-1	2003	PURPOSE: To improve target specificity and uptake of liposomes by macrophages, one can improve high-affinity receptor binding to mannose determinants with their 175-kDa mannose receptor (MR), which is mainly influenced by the length and flexibility of the spacer between the carbohydrate head group and liposome surface.	Carbohydrates	275-287	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	169-185
19556244-3	2009	Here we investigate a new role for the carbohydrate-binding protein galectin-3 in stabilizing mucosal barriers through its interaction with mucins on the apical glycocalyx.	Carbohydrates	39-51	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	68-78
12517452-5	2003	The crystal structure of the carbohydrate-recognition domain of ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC)-53 complements the biochemical and functional characterization of the protein, confirming that a lectin domain is essential for the role of this protein in sorting and transfer of glycoproteins from the ER to the Golgi complex.	Carbohydrates	29-41	lectin, mannose binding 1	Homo sapiens	64-108
19556244-5	2009	Abrogation of the mucin-galectin interaction in four different mucosal epithelial cell types using competitive carbohydrate inhibitors of galectin binding, beta-lactose and modified citrus pectin, resulted in decreased levels of galectin-3 on the cell surface with concomitant loss of barrier function, as indicated by increased permeability to rose bengal diagnostic dye.	Carbohydrates	111-123	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	18-23
19556244-5	2009	Abrogation of the mucin-galectin interaction in four different mucosal epithelial cell types using competitive carbohydrate inhibitors of galectin binding, beta-lactose and modified citrus pectin, resulted in decreased levels of galectin-3 on the cell surface with concomitant loss of barrier function, as indicated by increased permeability to rose bengal diagnostic dye.	Carbohydrates	111-123	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	229-239
19556244-7	2009	Taken together, these results suggest that galectin-3 plays a key role in maintaining mucosal barrier function through carbohydrate-dependent interactions with cell surface mucins.	Carbohydrates	119-131	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	43-53
12393878-7	2002	The spatially and temporally regulated addition of this unique sulfated carbohydrate to tenascin-R may serve to modulate its adhesive/anti-adhesive or other biological properties in vivo.	Carbohydrates	72-84	tenascin R	Homo sapiens	88-98
19451241-7	2009	We found that Dob1 bound synthetic capsular carbohydrates Gal(1--&gt;3)alpha-d-Glcp(1--&gt;3)alpha-l-Rhap(1--&gt;3)Rib-ol and alpha-d-Glcp(1--&gt;3)alpha-l-Rhap(1--&gt;3)Rib-ol but did not bind alpha-l-Rhap(1--&gt;3)Rib-ol.	Carbohydrates	44-57	Mtr4 exosome RNA helicase	Homo sapiens	14-18
12421943-6	2002	DCAL-1, however, is missing three of the cysteine residues required to form the standard carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	89-101	C-type lectin like 1	Homo sapiens	0-6
19760920-1	2009	BACKGROUND/AIMS: KL-6 mucin is MUC1 bearing sialylated carbohydrate epitopes recognized by KL-6 antibody.	Carbohydrates	55-67	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	17-21
12393032-1	2002	Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the key enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	95-107	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	0-33
19760920-1	2009	BACKGROUND/AIMS: KL-6 mucin is MUC1 bearing sialylated carbohydrate epitopes recognized by KL-6 antibody.	Carbohydrates	55-67	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	31-35
12393032-1	2002	Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the key enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	95-107	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	35-39
19760920-1	2009	BACKGROUND/AIMS: KL-6 mucin is MUC1 bearing sialylated carbohydrate epitopes recognized by KL-6 antibody.	Carbohydrates	55-67	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	91-95
19441783-1	2009	When saccharides bearing a sulfur, selenium, or oxygen substituent at the anomeric center and an unprotected hydroxyl group either at C-4 or C-6 were subjected to fluorination with DAST in dichloromethane, a regioselective migration of the anomeric substituent to the C-4 or C-6 position was observed.	Carbohydrates	5-16	complement C6	Homo sapiens	275-278
12360467-5	2002	In contrast, the expression of mucin-associated carbohydrate antigen, sialyl Tn, was markedly increased only in PanlN-3 and invasive ductal adenocarcinoma.	Carbohydrates	48-60	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	31-36
19470786-2	2009	We tested whether varying dietary carbohydrate and fat, without energy restriction relative to comparison diets, would slow tumor growth and reduce serum insulin, IGF-I, and other molecular mediators of prostate cancer in a xenograft model.	Carbohydrates	34-46	insulin-like growth factor 1	Mus musculus	163-168
12221237-0	2002	Liver fat and plasma ethanol are sharply lower in rats fed ethanol in conjunction with high carbohydrate compared with high fat diets.	Carbohydrates	92-104	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Rattus norvegicus	6-9
12221237-4	2002	Blood ethanol and liver fat were lower when rats consumed the high carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	67-79	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-27
12221237-7	2002	Switching the high fat-fed rats to the high carbohydrate diet reversed the high blood ethanol and high liver fat values, even though the rats consumed significantly more alcohol with the high carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	44-56	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-112
12221237-7	2002	Switching the high fat-fed rats to the high carbohydrate diet reversed the high blood ethanol and high liver fat values, even though the rats consumed significantly more alcohol with the high carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	192-204	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-22
19116156-17	2009	CDH26 demonstrated an expression profile similar to two other cell adhesion molecules involved in recognition of carbohydrates on foreign organisms, collectin and galectin, suggesting that it may serve as a pattern recognition molecule for C. oncophora.	Carbohydrates	113-126	cadherin 26	Bos taurus	0-5
12221237-11	2002	The results suggest that the rate of ethanol elimination is slower in rats fed high fat than in those fed high carbohydrate diets, resulting in elevated blood ethanol and liver fat levels for the former.	Carbohydrates	111-123	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Rattus norvegicus	177-180
12188668-1	2002	Numerous carbohydrate-processing enzymes facilitate catalysis via stabilization of positive charges on or near the C-1, C-4, C-5, or C-6 positions.	Carbohydrates	9-21	complement C6	Homo sapiens	133-136
12176010-3	2002	Heat denaturation or neuraminidase treatment of AFP inhibits this binding, suggesting the involvement of protein-protein and lectin-carbohydrate interactions.	Carbohydrates	132-144	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	21-34
19416696-3	2009	Relative to the 0% carbohydrate (NC) diet, 15 (IC-15) and 25% (IC-25) carbohydrate containing diets significantly up-regulate MyoD and Myf5, but not Pax7, after 12 weeks of feeding.	Carbohydrates	70-82	myogenic factor 5	Oncorhynchus mykiss	135-139
11850423-0	2002	Crystal structure of the carbohydrate recognition domain of p58/ERGIC-53, a protein involved in glycoprotein export from the endoplasmic reticulum.	Carbohydrates	25-37	lectin, mannose binding 1	Homo sapiens	60-63
11850423-0	2002	Crystal structure of the carbohydrate recognition domain of p58/ERGIC-53, a protein involved in glycoprotein export from the endoplasmic reticulum.	Carbohydrates	25-37	lectin, mannose binding 1	Homo sapiens	64-72
11850423-2	2002	We have determined the crystal structure of the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of p58, the rat homologue of human ERGIC-53, to 1.46 A resolution.	Carbohydrates	48-60	lectin, mannose binding 1	Homo sapiens	121-129
12466366-3	2002	Using lectins as carbohydrate probes, we have identified two common mucin oligosaccharide structures, T antigen and N-acetyllactosamine, within secretory granules in human endocervical glands during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle.	Carbohydrates	17-29	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	68-73
19154206-6	2009	In addition to the increase in the Atss3 mutant, QQS is up-regulated in the carbohydrate mutants mex1 and sis8.	Carbohydrates	76-88	root cap 1 (RCP1)	Arabidopsis thaliana	97-101
12393206-5	2002	The transcription rate of the zwf-pgl-eda-operon was found to be about three times higher in the KT2440 background than in strain H. In both strains the induction of the zwf-pgl-eda-operon by carbohydrates during growth on carboxylic acids was not affected by carbon catabolite repression.	Carbohydrates	192-205	bifunctional 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase/2-dehydro-3-deoxy-phosphogluconate aldolase	Pseudomonas putida KT2440	38-41
12393206-5	2002	The transcription rate of the zwf-pgl-eda-operon was found to be about three times higher in the KT2440 background than in strain H. In both strains the induction of the zwf-pgl-eda-operon by carbohydrates during growth on carboxylic acids was not affected by carbon catabolite repression.	Carbohydrates	192-205	bifunctional 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase/2-dehydro-3-deoxy-phosphogluconate aldolase	Pseudomonas putida KT2440	178-181
11821393-8	2002	Nevertheless, a modest conservation of residues that participate in oligosaccharide recognition suggests that IDGF-2 could bind carbohydrates, assuming several conformational changes to open the partially occluded binding site.	Carbohydrates	128-141	Imaginal disc growth factor 2	Drosophila melanogaster	110-116
11856848-0	2002	Expression, purification, refolding and crystallization of the carbohydrate-recognition domain of p58/ERGIC-53, an animal C-type lectin involved in export of glycoproteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.	Carbohydrates	63-75	lectin, mannose binding 1	Homo sapiens	98-101
19199748-2	2009	Motivated by the need to develop surface analytical techniques to characterize carbohydrate-modified surfaces, we developed a quantitative X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPR imaging) method to study glycan biosensors.	Carbohydrates	79-91	sepiapterin reductase	Homo sapiens	217-220
11856848-0	2002	Expression, purification, refolding and crystallization of the carbohydrate-recognition domain of p58/ERGIC-53, an animal C-type lectin involved in export of glycoproteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.	Carbohydrates	63-75	lectin, mannose binding 1	Homo sapiens	102-110
11861284-8	2002	Thus, not only is CD109 potentially capable of covalent binding to carbohydrate and protein targets, but the t(1/2) of its activated thioester is likely extremely short, indicating that CD109 action is highly restricted spatially to the site of its activation.	Carbohydrates	67-79	CD109 molecule	Homo sapiens	18-23
12219871-1	2002	BACKGROUND: Diets high in carbohydrates are associated with hypertension, activation of the renin-angiotensin system, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and renal dysfunction.	Carbohydrates	26-39	renin	Rattus norvegicus	92-97
12219871-2	2002	This study tests the hypothesis that the initial effect of a long-term high carbohydrate diet is a renin-angiotensin system dependant impairment of renal function.	Carbohydrates	76-88	renin	Rattus norvegicus	99-104
19199748-8	2009	These results illustrate the utility of surface analytical techniques such as XPS and SPR in carbohydrate biosensor characterization and optimization.	Carbohydrates	93-105	sepiapterin reductase	Homo sapiens	86-89
19145607-5	2009	We have found that covalent attachment of a TLR2 agonist, a promiscuous peptide T-helper epitope, and a tumor-associated glycopeptide gives a compound (1) that elicits in mice exceptionally high titers of IgG antibodies that recognize MCF7 cancer cells expressing the tumor-associated carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	285-297	toll-like receptor 2	Mus musculus	44-48
12196469-1	2002	Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is released from intestinal L-cells in response to carbohydrate and fat in the diet.	Carbohydrates	83-95	glucagon	Mus musculus	0-23
12196469-1	2002	Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is released from intestinal L-cells in response to carbohydrate and fat in the diet.	Carbohydrates	83-95	glucagon	Mus musculus	25-30
11877666-12	2002	When compared with untreated control animals, administration of systemic IL-11 significantly increased the absorption of carbohydrate and amino acid in rats recovering from mesenteric IR.	Carbohydrates	121-133	interleukin 11	Rattus norvegicus	73-78
18926866-7	2009	Direct cause-effect evidence was obtained in rats, where oral leptin supplementation during the suckling period resulted in a decrease in food intake, affected food preferences in favour of carbohydrates versus fat, and protected against overweight in adulthood, with an improvement of related parameters such as leptin and insulin sensitivity.	Carbohydrates	190-203	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	62-68
12064867-1	2002	Several functions have been assigned to the extensive glycosylation of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120, especially immune escape mechanisms, but the intramolecular interactions between gp120 and its carbohydrate complement are not well understood.	Carbohydrates	201-213	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	187-192
12146959-6	2002	The results of these studies showed that the B27.29 MUC1 B-cell epitope maps to two separate parts of the glycopeptide, the core peptide epitope spanning the PDTRP sequence and a second (carbohydrate) epitope comprised of the Tn moieties attached at Thr3 and Ser4.	Carbohydrates	187-199	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	52-56
11754731-6	2002	The mucin is highly polyanionic due to numerous sulfated and sialylated saccharide chains.	Carbohydrates	72-82	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	4-9
12163386-5	2002	We find that this lack of tumor cell binding is because of markedly decreased sialyl-Lewis(x/a) (sLe(x/a)) carbohydrate ligand-binding epitopes on its overexpressed MUC1 and other surface molecules that bind endothelial E-selectin.	Carbohydrates	107-119	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	165-169
19015195-1	2009	During brain activation, the decrease in the ratio between cerebral oxygen and carbohydrate uptake (6 O(2)/(glucose + (1)/(2) lactate); the oxygen-carbohydrate index, OCI) is attenuated by the non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol, whereas OCI remains unaffected by the beta(1)-adrenergic receptor antagonist metroprolol.	Carbohydrates	79-91	adrenoceptor beta 1	Homo sapiens	294-321
12369205-7	2002	In addition, HPr-his P controls carbohydrate-specific regulators and catabolic enzymes by phosphorylation.	Carbohydrates	32-44	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	13-22
11754731-7	2002	Carbohydrate analyses of the purified mucin showed the presence of galactose, glucosamine, galactosamine, and sialic acid, but no mannose, glucose, or uronic acid.	Carbohydrates	0-12	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	38-43
16228532-2	2002	One hypothesis to explain how source strength is perceived is that hexokinase acts as a sensor of carbohydrate flux to regulate the expression of photosynthetic genes, possibly as a result of sucrose cycling through acid invertase and hexokinase.	Carbohydrates	98-110	hexokinase	Arabidopsis thaliana	67-77
18849325-5	2009	The effect was lactose-inhibitable and required galectin-3 affinity for N-acetyllactosamine, a saccharide typically found on cell surface glycoproteins, since a mutant lacking this activity was without effect.	Carbohydrates	95-105	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	48-58
18945777-1	2009	The antigen-binding fragment of the broadly neutralizing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) antibody 2G12 has an unusual three-dimensional (3D) domain-swapped structure with two aligned combining sites that facilitates recognition of its carbohydrate epitope on gp120.	Carbohydrates	247-259	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	271-276
11695915-4	2001	The amide I contour of SP-A reveals two features at 1653 and 1636 cm(-1) arising from the collagen-like domain and a broad feature at 1645 cm(-1) suggested to arise from the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD).	Carbohydrates	174-186	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	23-27
11553586-6	2001	Pretreatment of the target tissues with proteinase K decreased gonococcal binding dramatically, whereas pretreatment with neuraminidase and meta-periodate, which cleave carbon-carbon linkages between vicinal hydroxyl groups in carbohydrates, did not affect gonococcal binding.	Carbohydrates	227-240	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	122-135
12071842-2	2002	hSP-A has been shown to promote the uptake and the phagocytosis of pathogenic bacilli through the recognition and the binding of carbohydrate motifs on the invading pathogen surface.	Carbohydrates	129-141	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	0-5
12071842-6	2002	Binding of ManLAM to immobilized hSP-A was consistent with the simplest one-to-one interaction model involving a single class of carbohydrate-binding site.	Carbohydrates	129-141	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	33-38
18849342-9	2008	Carbohydrates were required for NA maturation in a regio-specific manner.	Carbohydrates	0-13	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	32-34
12088546-8	2002	Mucin macromolecules are 70-80% carbohydrate, 20% protein, and 1-2% sulfate bound to oligosaccharide side chains.	Carbohydrates	32-44	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	0-5
11780756-4	2001	One has, therefore, examined the role of carbohydrate moieties in apical targeting of the endogenous secretory protein osteopontin in MDCK cells.	Carbohydrates	41-53	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Canis lupus familiaris	119-130
18930512-0	2008	Glycan deletions in the HIV-1 gp120 V1/V2 domain compromise viral infectivity, sensitize the mutant virus strains to carbohydrate-binding agents and represent a specific target for therapeutic intervention.	Carbohydrates	117-129	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	30-35
11451961-11	2001	Moreover, the experiments with galectin-3 reveal functional divergence, most probably based on different topologies of presentation of homologous carbohydrate-binding sites.	Carbohydrates	146-158	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	31-41
12050285-2	2002	Ghrelin is involved in the regulation of GH release, but it has recently been suggested that ghrelin may have other actions, including effects on appetite, carbohydrate metabolism, heart, kidney, pancreas, gonads, and cell proliferation.	Carbohydrates	156-168	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	93-100
18930512-1	2008	Carbohydrate-binding agents (CBAs), such as the mannose-specific Hippeastrum hybrid agglutinin (HHA) and the GlcNAc-specific Urtica dioica agglutinin (UDA), frequently select for glycan deletions in all different domains of HIV-1 gp120, except in the V1/V2 domain.	Carbohydrates	0-12	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	230-235
19011750-2	2008	SDR enzymes have critical roles in lipid, amino acid, carbohydrate, cofactor, hormone and xenobiotic metabolism as well as in redox sensor mechanisms.	Carbohydrates	54-66	caveolae associated protein 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
12094292-1	2002	Sodium spirulan (Na-SP) is a sulfated polysaccharide isolated from the blue-green alga Spirulina platensis, which consists of two types of disaccharide repeating units, O-hexuronosyl-rhamnose (aldobiuronic acid) and O-rhamnosyl-3-O-methylrhamnose (acofriose) with sulfate groups, other minor saccharides and sodium ion.	Carbohydrates	292-303	nuclear autoantigenic sperm protein	Bos taurus	17-22
11564021-16	2001	The PAS reactivity of the carbohydrate moieties present in the mucin coat and the basement membrane was unchanged by resiniferatoxin.	Carbohydrates	26-38	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	63-68
18694897-0	2008	Contribution of complement component C3 and complement receptor type 3 to carbohydrate-dependent uptake of oligomannose-coated liposomes by peritoneal macrophages.	Carbohydrates	74-86	complement component 3	Mus musculus	37-70
11899091-1	2001	The mannose receptor (MR) recognizes a range of carbohydrates present on the surface and cell walls of micro-organisms.	Carbohydrates	48-61	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	4-20
11899091-1	2001	The mannose receptor (MR) recognizes a range of carbohydrates present on the surface and cell walls of micro-organisms.	Carbohydrates	48-61	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	22-24
11728222-4	2001	Sialyl-Tn (STn) is a carbohydrate associated with the MUC1 mucin on a number of human cancer cells and is associated with more aggressive disease.	Carbohydrates	21-33	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	54-58
11987096-6	2002	CONCLUSIONS: These findings show that treatment of short bowel syndrome animals with EGF reduced weight loss and improved carbohydrate absorption and intestinal permeability.	Carbohydrates	122-134	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	85-88
12007541-1	2002	After ingestion of carbohydrate- and fat-rich meals, the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is secreted from the L-cells in the distal put into the circulation.	Carbohydrates	19-31	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	99-104
18941211-0	2008	Engineering antibody heavy chain CDR3 to create a phage display Fab library rich in antibodies that bind charged carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	113-126	CDR3	Homo sapiens	33-37
11805097-7	2002	Punctin is a glycoprotein based on carbohydrate staining and liquid chromatography electrospray mass spectrometry glycopeptide analysis.	Carbohydrates	35-47	ADAMTS like 1	Homo sapiens	0-7
11989980-6	2002	These results suggest that Sp1 is one of the most important transcription factors for ACL promoter to produce basal and induced transcription by low fat/high carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	158-170	ATP citrate lyase	Rattus norvegicus	86-89
11501863-10	2001	APPLICATION: These findings suggest that nutrition counseling in gestational diabetes must be directed to maintain a sufficient carbohydrate intake (at least 250 g per day), which implies a low-fat diet to limit energy intake.	Carbohydrates	128-140	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	194-197
18941211-5	2008	The H chain CDR3 has been engineered to enrich the library in Abs that bind charged carbohydrates by the introduction of basic residues at specific amino acid locations.	Carbohydrates	84-97	CDR3	Homo sapiens	12-16
11279238-1	2001	Refeeding carbohydrate to fasted rats induces the transcription of genes encoding enzymes of fatty acid biosynthesis, e.g. fatty-acid synthase (FAS).	Carbohydrates	10-22	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	123-142
11279238-1	2001	Refeeding carbohydrate to fasted rats induces the transcription of genes encoding enzymes of fatty acid biosynthesis, e.g. fatty-acid synthase (FAS).	Carbohydrates	10-22	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	144-147
11279238-3	2001	An insulin response element has been described for the fatty-acid synthase gene region of -600 to +65, but the 2-3-fold increase in fatty-acid synthase promoter activity attributable to this region is small compared with the 20-30-fold induction in fatty-acid synthase gene transcription observed in fasted rats refed carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	318-330	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	55-74
11279238-3	2001	An insulin response element has been described for the fatty-acid synthase gene region of -600 to +65, but the 2-3-fold increase in fatty-acid synthase promoter activity attributable to this region is small compared with the 20-30-fold induction in fatty-acid synthase gene transcription observed in fasted rats refed carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	318-330	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	132-151
11279238-3	2001	An insulin response element has been described for the fatty-acid synthase gene region of -600 to +65, but the 2-3-fold increase in fatty-acid synthase promoter activity attributable to this region is small compared with the 20-30-fold induction in fatty-acid synthase gene transcription observed in fasted rats refed carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	318-330	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	132-151
11279238-5	2001	The studies of the current report demonstrate that the region of -7382 to -6970 of the fatty-acid synthase gene contains a carbohydrate response element (CHO-RE(FAS)) with a palindrome sequence (CATGTGn(5)GGCGTG) that is nearly identical to the CHO-RE of the l-type pyruvate kinase and S(14) genes.	Carbohydrates	123-135	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	87-106
11874459-1	2002	Mucin glycoproteins on breast cancer cells carry shortened carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	59-71	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	0-5
18805809-3	2008	Here we show that mutation of the Drosophila adipokinetic hormone receptor (AKHR), a functional analog of the mammalian glucagon receptor, leads to abnormal accumulation of both lipid and carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	188-200	Adipokinetic hormone receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	45-74
11279238-5	2001	The studies of the current report demonstrate that the region of -7382 to -6970 of the fatty-acid synthase gene contains a carbohydrate response element (CHO-RE(FAS)) with a palindrome sequence (CATGTGn(5)GGCGTG) that is nearly identical to the CHO-RE of the l-type pyruvate kinase and S(14) genes.	Carbohydrates	123-135	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	161-164
11279238-10	2001	Thus, carbohydrate responsiveness of rat liver fatty-acid synthase appears to require both insulin and glucose signaling pathways.	Carbohydrates	6-18	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	47-66
11279067-2	2001	The mannose receptor is the prototype for a family of receptors each having an extracellular region consisting of 8-10 domains related to C-type carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs), a fibronectin type II repeat and an N-terminal cysteine-rich domain.	Carbohydrates	145-157	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	4-20
11741940-8	2002	Analysis of glycosylation sites showed that sFRP-1 contains a relatively large carbohydrate moiety on Asn(172) (approximately 2.8 kDa), whereas Asn(262), the second potential N-linked glycosylation site, is not modified.	Carbohydrates	79-91	secreted frizzled related protein 1	Homo sapiens	44-50
18805809-3	2008	Here we show that mutation of the Drosophila adipokinetic hormone receptor (AKHR), a functional analog of the mammalian glucagon receptor, leads to abnormal accumulation of both lipid and carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	188-200	Adipokinetic hormone receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	76-80
18547549-6	2008	Carbohydrate microarrays are a versatile screening platform, and affinity columns and labeled carbohydrates are beginning to aid glycobiologists.	Carbohydrates	94-107	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	125-128
11457139-3	2001	To this end we screened a comprehensive panel of carbohydrates which represent structurally the N-linked carbohydrates found on gp120 for their ability to inhibit the fusion-blocking activity of CVN in a quantitative HIV-1 envelope-mediated cell fusion assay.	Carbohydrates	49-62	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	128-133
11814362-2	2002	Treatment of purified FV with N-glycanase and neuraminidase under nonprotein-denaturing conditions removed approximately 20-30% of the carbohydrate from the heavy chain region of the molecule.	Carbohydrates	135-147	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	46-59
18676377-3	2008	The effects of gal-3 are complex; intracellular forms typically protect cells against apoptosis through carbohydrate-independent mechanisms, whereas secreted forms bind to cell surface oligosaccharides and induce apoptosis.	Carbohydrates	104-116	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	15-20
11823035-1	2002	OBJECTIVE: Matrix metalloproteinases and an endo-beta-D-glucuronidase (heparanase) are enzymes that degrade the protein and carbohydrate constituents of basement membranes, thereby facilitating transendothelial migration of blood-borne cells.	Carbohydrates	124-136	glucuronidase beta	Homo sapiens	49-69
14758069-3	2002	Recent ITC studies have been performed with galectin-1, galectin-3 and galectin-7 and their interactions with sialylated and non-sialylated carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	140-153	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	56-66
11369536-5	2001	The hydrophilic surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D are members of a family of collagenous carbohydrate binding proteins, known as collectins, consisting of oligomers of trimeric subunits.	Carbohydrates	89-101	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	36-40
18514237-3	2008	While the body has the ability to convert protein to carbohydrate and carbohydrate to fat, over long periods of time the body establishes nutrient balance with a high degree of accuracy storing excess nutrients as fat.	Carbohydrates	70-82	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	86-89
11430761-0	2001	Assignment of 1H, 15N and 13C resonances of the carbohydrate recognition domain of human galectin-3.	Carbohydrates	48-60	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	89-99
11294654-1	2001	Galectin-3, a beta-galactoside binding protein, contains a C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) and an N-terminal domain that includes several repeats of a proline-tyrosine-glycine-rich motif.	Carbohydrates	70-82	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
11405064-0	2001	Binding patterns of 51 monoclonal antibodies to peptide and carbohydrate epitopes of the epithelial mucin (MUC1) on tissue sections of adenolymphomas of the parotid (Warthin"s tumours): role of epitope masking by glycans.	Carbohydrates	60-72	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	107-111
11405064-3	2001	mAbs and lectins against MUC1-associated carbohydrate epitopes were also included.	Carbohydrates	41-53	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	25-29
11256994-4	2001	Our results showed that the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) was the ligand-binding domain of human LOX-1.	Carbohydrates	28-40	oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	105-110
11421277-0	2001	ABC transporters catalyzing carbohydrate uptake.	Carbohydrates	28-40	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-3
11257519-2	2001	Here, we show that these osmolytes (carbohydrates, polyols and methylamines) protect mitochondrial F(0)F(1)-ATPase against pressure inactivation.	Carbohydrates	36-49	ATP synthase F1 subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens	99-114
11230112-8	2001	Treatment of ERbeta with N-glycosidase F, which removes core carbohydrate residues, caused a more rapid migration through polyacrylamide gels but had no effect on ERbeta from human cell lines.	Carbohydrates	61-73	estrogen receptor 2	Homo sapiens	13-19
11280740-6	2001	We also report that galectin-3-expressing breast carcinoma cells in serumless medium adhere and spread well on microtiter wells in the presence of fetuin and divalent ions in a carbohydrate-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	177-189	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	20-30
11231363-6	2001	In the five major peaks of IgA1 hinge glycopeptides in each sample, the numbers of carbohydrates composing O-glycans (GalNAc, Gal, and NANA) in the deposited and serum IgA1 in IgAN patients were significantly fewer than those in the serum IgA1 in the control groups.	Carbohydrates	83-96	IGAN1	Homo sapiens	176-180
11313189-9	2001	In samples with reproducibly detectable SP-D or SP-A, their carbohydrate binding capacity was zero.	Carbohydrates	60-72	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	48-52
11429627-5	2001	The rate of carbohydrate oxidation was higher (micromol kg-1 min-1: CHO, 243 +/- 39 and CHO + CAF, 239 +/- 30 vs.	Carbohydrates	12-24	lysine acetyltransferase 2B	Homo sapiens	94-97
11429627-8	2001	FAT, 35 +/- 19 and FAT + CAF, 37 +/- 17; P &lt; 0.05) with carbohydrate than fat ingestion.	Carbohydrates	59-71	lysine acetyltransferase 2B	Homo sapiens	25-28
11280717-7	2001	GLP-1 secretion post-carbohydrate was lower in obese subjects.	Carbohydrates	21-33	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	0-5
11684870-7	2001	In conclusion, liver-derived or endocrine IGF-I is not required for post-natal statural growth, but seems to be of vital importance for normal carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	143-155	insulin-like growth factor 1	Mus musculus	42-47
11839249-5	2001	Inhibition of glycosylation of MUC1 resulted in decreased binding of MAb AR20.5 to cell surface MUC1, suggesting that MAb AR20.5 binding is carbohydrate dependent.	Carbohydrates	140-152	mucin 1, transmembrane	Mus musculus	31-35
11839249-5	2001	Inhibition of glycosylation of MUC1 resulted in decreased binding of MAb AR20.5 to cell surface MUC1, suggesting that MAb AR20.5 binding is carbohydrate dependent.	Carbohydrates	140-152	mucin 1, transmembrane	Mus musculus	96-100
11319796-1	2001	Carbohydrates and proteins are among the most abundant naturally occurring biomolecules and so suitable methods for their reliable stable isotope analysis by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS) are required.	Carbohydrates	0-13	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	221-225
10950950-2	2000	The binding was mediated by the interaction of the chondroitin sulfate (CS) chain of versican with the carbohydrate-binding domain of L- and P-selectin and CD44.	Carbohydrates	103-115	versican	Homo sapiens	85-93
11128203-1	2000	Carbohydrates such as alditols (polyols or sugar alcohols), monosaccharides and disaccharides are separated as anions by anion-exchange chromatography with a sodium hydroxide eluent, MA1 CarboPac column and pulsed amperometric detection.	Carbohydrates	0-13	PNMA family member 1	Homo sapiens	183-186
11091429-0	2000	Chemical Synthesis and DNA Photocleavage of the Intercalator-Carbohydrate Hybrid Moiety of the Neocarzinostatin Chromophore This research was partially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Encouragement of Young Scientists from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture, Japan, and a research grant of Keio University Special Grant-in-Aid for Innovative Collaborative Research Projects.	Carbohydrates	61-73	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	176-179
11425189-5	2000	Using this method, we have demonstrated that the MUC1 tandem repeat epitope recognized by MAb 139H2 is masked predominantly due to steric hindrance by carbohydrate structures whereas the MUC2 tandem repeat epitope recognized by MAb CCP58 and pAb MRP and the MUC3 tandem repeat epitope recognized by pAb M3P are masked by the presence of carbohydrate side chains O-linked to Ser/Thr residues within the epitope.	Carbohydrates	337-349	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	49-53
10889209-5	2000	GIRK1 membrane-spanning domain 1 was required for optimal glycosylation at Asn(119) because a chimera that contained GIRK4 membrane-spanning domain 1 significantly reduced the addition of a carbohydrate structure at this site.	Carbohydrates	190-202	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 3	Homo sapiens	0-5
10995228-5	2000	Structural characterization of the carbohydrate moieties on mER-beta, overexpressed in insect Sf9 cells, confirmed the presence of O-GlcNAc.	Carbohydrates	35-47	estrogen receptor 2 (beta)	Mus musculus	60-68
10971701-0	2000	Gastric adenomas and superficial adenocarcinomas display distinct patterns of mucin carbohydrate and core protein expression.	Carbohydrates	84-96	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	78-83
14758082-6	2002	When the cells encounter bacteria, galectin-3 could function as an opsonin, cross-linking bacterial lipopolysaccharide or other carbohydrate-containing surface structures to phagocyte surface glycoconjugates.	Carbohydrates	128-140	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	35-45
11591170-3	2001	Whereas treatment adjuncts to insulin may address carbohydrate metabolism from glucose absorption to insulin receptor function, success may depend on the type of diabetes present in the patient.	Carbohydrates	50-62	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	101-117
12386453-0	2001	Human airway mucin glycosylation: a combinatory of carbohydrate determinants which vary in cystic fibrosis.	Carbohydrates	51-63	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	13-18
11533263-1	2001	An acute bout of prolonged exercise has been shown to decrease hepatic fatty acid synthase (FAS) mRNA and activity induced by high carbohydrate diets.	Carbohydrates	131-143	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	71-90
11533263-1	2001	An acute bout of prolonged exercise has been shown to decrease hepatic fatty acid synthase (FAS) mRNA and activity induced by high carbohydrate diets.	Carbohydrates	131-143	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	92-95
11533263-12	2001	We conclude that although insulin status had a great influence on FAS gene expression, E-induced down-regulation of FAS mRNA was not mediated by altered insulin response sequence binding but primarily by increased inverted CCAAT-box element binding to the FAS promoter and/or decreased concentration of carbohydrate metabolites.	Carbohydrates	303-315	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	116-119
11533263-12	2001	We conclude that although insulin status had a great influence on FAS gene expression, E-induced down-regulation of FAS mRNA was not mediated by altered insulin response sequence binding but primarily by increased inverted CCAAT-box element binding to the FAS promoter and/or decreased concentration of carbohydrate metabolites.	Carbohydrates	303-315	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	116-119
11404182-2	2001	Thus we have studied changes caused by the absence of dietary carbohydrates to the kinetics and molecular behaviour of the four cellular NADPH-production systems [glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH); 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH); malic enzyme (ME); and isocitrate dehydrogenase NADP-dependent (NADP-IDH)] in the liver and adipose tissue of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).	Carbohydrates	62-75	glucose-6-phosphate-1-dehydrogenase	Oncorhynchus mykiss	163-196
11404182-4	2001	The absence of carbohydrate reduced specific enzyme activity, maximum rate and catalytic efficiency by almost 65% in G6PDH and 6PGDH, by more than 50% in ME, and by almost 25% in NADP-IDH but caused no significant changes in the K(m) values or activity ratios in any of these hepatic enzymes.	Carbohydrates	15-27	glucose-6-phosphate-1-dehydrogenase	Oncorhynchus mykiss	117-122
11404182-6	2001	We conclude that the absence of carbohydrates significantly reduces intracellular concentrations of G6PDH, ME and NADP-IDH in trout liver in percentages similar to those recorded for enzyme activity.	Carbohydrates	32-45	glucose-6-phosphate-1-dehydrogenase	Oncorhynchus mykiss	100-105
11453669-1	2001	The glucagon receptor mediates the actions of glucagon on carbohydrate metabolism by the liver and on insulin release by the pancreatic beta-cell, which are key processes in the control of glucose homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	58-70	glucagon receptor	Mus musculus	4-21
11423474-0	2001	Liver-derived IGF-I is of importance for normal carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	48-60	insulin-like growth factor 1	Mus musculus	14-19
11423474-1	2001	IGF-I is important for postnatal body growth and exhibits insulin-like effects on carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	82-94	insulin-like growth factor 1	Mus musculus	0-5
11423474-7	2001	We conclude that liver-derived IGF-I is of importance for carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	58-70	insulin-like growth factor 1	Mus musculus	31-36
11507117-6	2001	Moreover, whereas PK and FBPase gene expression was high irrespective of the nutritional status, levels of hepatic 6PF-2K/F-2,6BPase mRNA were higher in fish fed with carbohydrates than in fish deprived of food.	Carbohydrates	167-180	prothrombin	Oncorhynchus mykiss	122-132
11507117-7	2001	The high levels of hepatic PK, Glut2 and 6PF-2K/F-2,6BPase gene expression observed in this study suggest a high potential for tissue carbohydrate utilisation in rainbow trout.	Carbohydrates	134-146	prothrombin	Oncorhynchus mykiss	48-58
11486733-8	2001	In addition, the interaction of SP-A with membranes might enhance the affinity of SP-A for terminal carbohydrates of glycolipids or glycoproteins on the surface of invading microorganisms.	Carbohydrates	100-113	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	32-36
11486733-8	2001	In addition, the interaction of SP-A with membranes might enhance the affinity of SP-A for terminal carbohydrates of glycolipids or glycoproteins on the surface of invading microorganisms.	Carbohydrates	100-113	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	82-86
11341798-12	2001	CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates for the first time that leptin enhances small intestine carbohydrate absorption beyond the normal adaptive response following MSBR.	Carbohydrates	93-105	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	61-67
11279067-1	2001	The macrophage mannose receptor mediates phagocytosis of pathogenic microorganisms and endocytosis of potentially harmful soluble glycoproteins by recognition of their defining carbohydrate structures.	Carbohydrates	177-189	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	15-31
11501845-0	2001	Expression of mucin-associated carbohydrate core antigens in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas.	Carbohydrates	31-43	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	14-19
11501845-7	2001	In conclusion, it is suggested that mucin-associated carbohydrate core antigens are involved in the biology and clinical course of esophageal squamous carcinomas.	Carbohydrates	53-65	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	36-41
11350903-3	2001	A high level expression of MUC1 mucins with sialylated carbohydrates (sialylated MUC1 mucins) is correlated with poor survival in intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma.	Carbohydrates	55-68	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	27-31
11350903-3	2001	A high level expression of MUC1 mucins with sialylated carbohydrates (sialylated MUC1 mucins) is correlated with poor survival in intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma.	Carbohydrates	55-68	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	81-85
11319645-2	2001	In a group of endurance athletes, with a range in fiber type distribution, we hypothesized that the effect of the high-fat diet on UCP2 and UCP3 mRNA expression is more pronounced in muscle fibers which are known to have a high capacity to shift from carbohydrate to fat oxidation (type IIA fibers).	Carbohydrates	251-263	uncoupling protein 2	Homo sapiens	131-135
11309661-2	2001	In the current study in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), we mapped and sequenced the gene encoding a key transcription factor known as ADD1 (adipocyte determination and differentiation factor 1) or SREBP-1c (sterol regulatory element binding protein- c) that has recently been identified as a master regulator of genes involved in the hepatic control of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	373-385	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	207-215
11300878-1	2001	Neuraminidase is a surface glycoprotein of influenza viruses that cleaves terminal sialic acids from carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	101-114	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	0-13
11036086-5	2001	CD69 NKD adopts the canonical CTLD fold but lacks the features involved in Ca(2+) and carbohydrate binding by C-type lectins.	Carbohydrates	86-98	CD69 molecule	Homo sapiens	0-4
11367523-18	2001	Site directed mutagenesis experiments revealed that D1106 is responsible for the effective binding of C4A to form amide bonds with immune aggregates or protein antigens, and H1106 of C4B catalyzes the transacylation of the thioester carbonyl group to form ester bonds with carbohydrate antigens.	Carbohydrates	273-285	complement C4B (Chido blood group)	Homo sapiens	183-186
21340855-1	2001	Galectin-3 (gal-3) is a member of a growing family of carbohydrate-binding proteins.	Carbohydrates	54-66	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-17
10969075-8	2000	The antioxidant activity of SP-A maps to the carboxyl-terminal domain of the protein, which, like SP-D, contains a C-type lectin carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	129-141	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	28-32
10938388-8	2000	The levels of all cancer-associated mucin carbohydrate antigens examined in the media were increased by PMA treatment.	Carbohydrates	42-54	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	36-41
10801802-12	2000	From these results, we conclude that 1) lung collectins bind CD14, 2) the SP-A neck domain and SP-D lectin domain participate in CD14 binding, 3) SP-A recognizes a peptide component and SP-D recognizes a carbohydrate moiety of CD14, and 4) lung collectins alter LPS/CD14 interactions.	Carbohydrates	204-216	surfactant protein D	Rattus norvegicus	186-190
10976753-6	2000	Mice deleted for the USF2 gene display a severely delayed response to carbohydrate feeding (Vallet et al.	Carbohydrates	70-82	upstream transcription factor 2	Mus musculus	21-25
18465680-9	2008	CONCLUSIONS: Diabetes onset in DR.lyp/lyp rats is heralded by a progressive shift towards lipid oxidation relative to carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	118-130	GTPase, IMAP family member 5	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
10912515-7	2000	We propose the "dual somatomedin hypothesis" according to which: (1) autocrine/paracrine IGF-I is the main determinant of postnatal body growth and (2) liver-derived, endocrine-acting, IGF-I exerts negative feedback on GH secretion and possibly also exerts other effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	274-286	insulin-like growth factor 1	Mus musculus	21-32
10744737-1	2000	Chloroplast ferredoxin-NADP(+) reductase has a 32,000-fold preference for NADPH over NADH, consistent with its main physiological role of NADP(+) photoreduction for de novo carbohydrate biosynthesis.	Carbohydrates	173-185	ferredoxin reductase	Homo sapiens	12-40
11223937-0	2000	Modulation of a lectin insecticidal activity by carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	48-61	lectin-37Db	Drosophila melanogaster	16-22
11044619-0	2000	Differential expression of two glucuronyltransferases synthesizing HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope in the sublineages of the rat myogenic progenitors.	Carbohydrates	73-85	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	67-72
18452589-0	2008	The Arabidopsis sweetie mutant is affected in carbohydrate metabolism and defective in the control of growth, development and senescence.	Carbohydrates	46-58	HEAT repeat-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	16-23
11020212-0	2000	Expression and role of sulfoglucuronyl (HNK-1) carbohydrate and its binding protein SBP-1 in developing rat cerebral cortex.	Carbohydrates	47-59	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-45
10748229-0	2000	Crystal structure of the cysteine-rich domain of mannose receptor complexed with a sulfated carbohydrate ligand.	Carbohydrates	92-104	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	49-65
10748229-1	2000	The macrophage and epithelial cell mannose receptor (MR) binds carbohydrates on foreign and host molecules.	Carbohydrates	63-76	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	35-51
10748230-4	2000	Cys-MR binds to the sulfated carbohydrate chains of pituitary hormones and may have a role in hormonal clearance.	Carbohydrates	29-41	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	4-6
10748230-7	2000	We further demonstrate that Cys-MR interacts with cells in the spleen via the binding site for sulfated carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	104-117	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	32-34
10748230-8	2000	Our data suggest that the three classes of sulfated carbohydrate ligands may variously regulate the trafficking and function of MR-bearing cells.	Carbohydrates	52-64	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	128-130
11045608-6	2000	Carbohydrate binding has been structurally characterized in several complexes between MBP and carbohydrate; all indicate that the major interaction between carbohydrate and collectin is the binding of two adjacent carbohydrate hydroxyl group to a collectin calcium ion.	Carbohydrates	0-12	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	86-89
18720925-1	2008	Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a heterogeneous glycoprotein hormone comprising an alpha-subunit and beta-subunit that can vary in peptide and carbohydrate structure.	Carbohydrates	149-161	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	30-33
11045608-6	2000	Carbohydrate binding has been structurally characterized in several complexes between MBP and carbohydrate; all indicate that the major interaction between carbohydrate and collectin is the binding of two adjacent carbohydrate hydroxyl group to a collectin calcium ion.	Carbohydrates	156-168	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	86-89
10725346-7	2000	These results indicate that NK cell differentiation is accompanied by the acquisition of a unique carbohydrate, PEN5, that can serve as part of a combination code to deliver KIR(+) NK cells to specific tissues.	Carbohydrates	98-110	killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor, two Ig domains and long cytoplasmic tail 4	Homo sapiens	174-177
10713344-5	2000	Interestingly, an additional repetitive element of possible functional significance consisting of 18 amino acids, located between the transmembrane region and the carbohydrate-binding lectin domain of horse CD23, was also identified.	Carbohydrates	163-175	Fc epsilon receptor II	Equus caballus	207-211
18410489-2	2008	Tolerance to anoxia depends on the ability to efficiently use carbohydrates through the fermentative pathway, as highlighted by the lower tolerance displayed by a mutant devoid of alcohol dehydrogenase.	Carbohydrates	62-75	alcohol dehydrogenase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	180-201
10760930-0	2000	1,2-Seleno Migrations in Carbohydrate Chemistry: Solution and Solid-Phase Synthesis of 2-Deoxy Glycosides, Orthoesters, and Allyl Orthoesters We thank Drs.	Carbohydrates	25-37	sushi repeat containing protein X-linked	Homo sapiens	151-154
10779515-0	2000	Structure of a C-type carbohydrate recognition domain from the macrophage mannose receptor.	Carbohydrates	22-34	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	74-90
19325796-1	2008	Photoinduced biohydrogen production systems, coupling saccharaides biomass such as sucrose, maltose, cellobiose, cellulose, or saccharides mixture hydrolysis by enzymes and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), and hydrogen production with platinum colloid as a catalyst using the visible light-induced photosensitization of Mg chlorophyll-a (Mg Chl-a) from higher green plant or artificial chlorophyll analog, zinc porphyrin, are introduced.	Carbohydrates	127-138	hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase/glucose 1-dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	196-199
10779694-1	2000	Ovarian cyst fluid has been a valuable source of the mucins (traditionally termed "blood group substances") that were used for the elucidation of the structures of the ABO Lewis blood group determinants, but the identity of the mucin peptide core(s) carrying these carbohydrate specificities is not known.	Carbohydrates	265-277	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	53-58
10677375-1	2000	Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase is a brush-border enzyme which is specifically expressed in the small intestine where it hydrolyses lactose, the main carbohydrate found in milk.	Carbohydrates	146-158	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-27
10872533-8	2000	A trend of HbA1c to increase with higher intakes of milk carbohydrate was confined to those with one or two insulin injections per day (test for interaction: P = 0.01).	Carbohydrates	57-69	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	11-15
18042832-8	2008	Respiratory quotient and gene expression indicated overall increased carbohydrate oxidation of HSA-mUCP1 but a preferential channeling of fatty acids into muscle rather than liver with high-fat diets.	Carbohydrates	69-81	uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	99-104
10733573-9	2000	Gcn2p induction of GCN4 translation during carbohydrate limitation enhances storage of amino acids in the vacuoles and facilitates entry into exponential growth during a shift from low-glucose to high-glucose medium.	Carbohydrates	43-55	amino acid starvation-responsive transcription factor GCN4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	19-23
12501597-1	2000	This study was intended to improve the technical procedure so as to increase the saccharide density of galactosyl-recombinant insulin and elevate its liver targeting property.	Carbohydrates	81-91	insulin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	126-133
18237398-0	2008	The carbohydrate at asparagine 386 on HIV-1 gp120 is not essential for protein folding and function but is involved in immune evasion.	Carbohydrates	4-16	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	44-49
10670468-10	2000	Reagents to carbohydrate epitopes revealed high mobility material, comigrating with MUC1 and MUC4.	Carbohydrates	12-24	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	84-88
10670468-10	2000	Reagents to carbohydrate epitopes revealed high mobility material, comigrating with MUC1 and MUC4.	Carbohydrates	12-24	mucin 4, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	93-97
10694442-0	2000	A C-terminal carbohydrate-binding domain in the endothelial cell regulatory protein, pigpen: new function for an EWS family member.	Carbohydrates	13-25	EWS RNA binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	113-116
10865109-3	2000	Variable region glycosylation is known to be associated with antigen binding; in one model, the presence of carbohydrate on the external surface of CDR2 was shown to increase the affinity by up to ten-fold.	Carbohydrates	108-120	cerebellar degeneration related protein 2	Homo sapiens	148-152
10671662-2	2000	Human MUC1 detected by a murine anti-KL-6 monoclonal antibody that recognizes a sialylated carbohydrate chain has been designated KL-6/MUC1.	Carbohydrates	91-103	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	6-10
17928023-1	2008	Carbohydrate-binding agents (CBAs) have been proposed as innovative anti-HIV compounds selectively targeting the glycans of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 and preventing DC-SIGN-directed HIV capture by dendritic cells (DCs) and transmission to CD4(+) T-lymphocytes.	Carbohydrates	0-12	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	156-161
10671662-2	2000	Human MUC1 detected by a murine anti-KL-6 monoclonal antibody that recognizes a sialylated carbohydrate chain has been designated KL-6/MUC1.	Carbohydrates	91-103	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	37-41
10671662-2	2000	Human MUC1 detected by a murine anti-KL-6 monoclonal antibody that recognizes a sialylated carbohydrate chain has been designated KL-6/MUC1.	Carbohydrates	91-103	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	130-134
10671662-2	2000	Human MUC1 detected by a murine anti-KL-6 monoclonal antibody that recognizes a sialylated carbohydrate chain has been designated KL-6/MUC1.	Carbohydrates	91-103	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	135-139
10816326-1	2000	Galectin-3 is an endogenous mammalian carbohydrate-binding protein with affinity for ABH group carbohydrate epitopes and polylactosamine glycans present on cell surface and extracellular matrix glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	38-50	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
11021254-12	2000	After binding microbial carbohydrate, MBL can activate the complement system through a newly discovered pathway which makes use of two serine proteases (MASP-1 and MASP-2) to activate the complement factors C4 and C2.	Carbohydrates	24-36	mannose binding lectin 2	Bos taurus	38-41
18832830-7	2008	The findings showing that sucrose affected the ECM protein composition of PLB in vivo provide further insight into the unique cariogenic properties of this dietary carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	164-176	phospholamban	Homo sapiens	74-77
11021254-12	2000	After binding microbial carbohydrate, MBL can activate the complement system through a newly discovered pathway which makes use of two serine proteases (MASP-1 and MASP-2) to activate the complement factors C4 and C2.	Carbohydrates	24-36	MBL associated serine protease 2	Bos taurus	164-170
10570220-9	2000	We have previously shown that gp120 of X4 strain HIV-1LAI presents specific carbohydrate-binding properties for mannosylated derivatives, including mannan, and for GAGs including heparin.	Carbohydrates	76-88	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	30-35
10877986-1	2000	OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and carbohydrate intolerance in pregnancy.	Carbohydrates	89-101	pregnancy-induced hypertension (pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, toxemia of pregnancy included)	Homo sapiens	80-83
11035438-8	2000	Neuraminidase-induced enhancement of reactivity, together with the inhibitory effect of N-acetyl galactosamine and Dolichos diflorus lectin suggest that the epitopes are carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	170-183	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	0-13
11070874-2	2000	For protein-carbohydrate interactions, SPR techniques offer the means of presenting glycolipids, and potentially glycoproteins, in an environment that closely resembles their in vivo situation.	Carbohydrates	12-24	sepiapterin reductase	Homo sapiens	39-42
10607764-7	2000	In addition, the reactivity of the serum IgG from the IgAN patients against the monoclonal IgA1 was found to be increased as the carbohydrates were enzymatically removed from the IgA1 hinge region (when native=100; asialo, 122+/-9.5; agalacto, 167+/-11.5; naked, 188+/-3.9).	Carbohydrates	129-142	IGAN1	Homo sapiens	54-58
19776624-2	2008	Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for carbohydrate and energy intake map to mouse chromosome 17 and were previously confirmed by a congenic strain bearing CAST/Ei (CAST) donor segment on the C57BL/6J (B6) background.	Carbohydrates	35-47	calpastatin	Mus musculus	152-159
10533199-2	2000	SIPK was activated by SA, a CWD carbohydrate elicitor and two elicitins from Phytophthora spp, bacterial harpin, TMV, and Avr9 from Cladosporium fulvum.	Carbohydrates	32-44	mitogen-activated protein kinase homolog NTF4-like	Nicotiana tabacum	0-4
10877986-13	2000	CONCLUSIONS: Patients with carbohydrate intolerance of varying severity are at increased risk of developing PIH.	Carbohydrates	27-39	pregnancy-induced hypertension (pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, toxemia of pregnancy included)	Homo sapiens	108-111
19776624-2	2008	Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for carbohydrate and energy intake map to mouse chromosome 17 and were previously confirmed by a congenic strain bearing CAST/Ei (CAST) donor segment on the C57BL/6J (B6) background.	Carbohydrates	35-47	calpastatin	Mus musculus	152-156
10603362-7	2000	Carbohydrate was detected on the E. chaffeensis and E. canis recombinant proteins, including the two-repeat polypeptide region of E. chaffeensis P120.	Carbohydrates	0-12	catenin delta 1	Homo sapiens	145-149
10733174-4	2000	SP-A binds to RSV G-protein in a concentration-dependent manner that is inhibitable by both ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and mannan, indicating that binding is through the carbohydrate recognition domain of the SP-A and a carbohydrate moiety of the G-protein.	Carbohydrates	183-195	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	0-4
10733174-4	2000	SP-A binds to RSV G-protein in a concentration-dependent manner that is inhibitable by both ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and mannan, indicating that binding is through the carbohydrate recognition domain of the SP-A and a carbohydrate moiety of the G-protein.	Carbohydrates	183-195	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	222-226
18008332-2	2008	The aim of the present study is to determine the expression of Gal-3 in prostate tissue emerging from a benign to a malignant, in the beginning hormone-sensitive and finally hormone-refractory status to further elucidate the role of this carbohydrate-binding protein for the pathogenesis and/or progression of malignant prostatic disease.	Carbohydrates	238-250	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	63-68
10733174-4	2000	SP-A binds to RSV G-protein in a concentration-dependent manner that is inhibitable by both ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and mannan, indicating that binding is through the carbohydrate recognition domain of the SP-A and a carbohydrate moiety of the G-protein.	Carbohydrates	233-245	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	0-4
10733174-4	2000	SP-A binds to RSV G-protein in a concentration-dependent manner that is inhibitable by both ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and mannan, indicating that binding is through the carbohydrate recognition domain of the SP-A and a carbohydrate moiety of the G-protein.	Carbohydrates	233-245	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	222-226
10580135-4	1999	Calnexin and calreticulin function via specific carbohydrates in quality control of newly synthesized glycoproteins in the ER, and ERGIC-53 seems to function in the transport of glycoproteins from ER to the Golgi complex.	Carbohydrates	48-61	calnexin	Homo sapiens	0-8
10581158-0	1999	Recombinant soluble human CD69 dimer produced in Escherichia coli: reevaluation of saccharide binding.	Carbohydrates	83-93	CD69 molecule	Homo sapiens	26-30
10558859-2	1999	We used a bacteriophage lambda surface expression vector, lambdafoo, in order to determine the minimal carbohydrate-binding domain of human galectin-3 (Gal-3).	Carbohydrates	103-115	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	140-150
18042933-10	2007	Tumors from mice on the high carbohydrate-high fat diet had higher levels of activated AKT and modestly higher insulin receptor levels than tumors from mice on the low carbohydrate-high fat diet.	Carbohydrates	29-41	insulin receptor	Mus musculus	111-127
10558859-2	1999	We used a bacteriophage lambda surface expression vector, lambdafoo, in order to determine the minimal carbohydrate-binding domain of human galectin-3 (Gal-3).	Carbohydrates	103-115	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	152-157
10536117-5	1999	SP-D bound to live P. aeruginosa, and binding was inhibited by chelation of calcium and by a competing saccharide, inositol.	Carbohydrates	103-113	surfactant protein D	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
18042933-12	2007	CONCLUSION: A diet high in refined carbohydrates is associated with increased tumor growth and with activation of signaling pathways distal to the insulin receptor in a murine model of prostate cancer.	Carbohydrates	35-48	insulin receptor	Mus musculus	147-163
17537433-3	2007	We sought to investigate the complementarities of the carbohydrate structures on Lp(a) and LDL with galectin-1(a carbohydrate binding protein) and whether endogenous galectin-1 binds Lp(a) in situ.	Carbohydrates	54-66	lipoprotein(a)	Homo sapiens	81-86
10577504-3	1999	The main role of SP-A and SP-D is to interact directly with carbohydrate on the surface of microbial pathogens, thereby initiating a variety of effector mechanisms.	Carbohydrates	60-72	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	17-21
10563771-0	1999	Synthesis of biotinylated glycoconjugates and their use in a novel ELISA for direct comparison of HIV-1 Gp120 recognition of GalCer and related carbohydrate analogues.	Carbohydrates	144-156	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	104-109
10571020-6	1999	Since novel carbohydrate epitopes are also carried on the breast cancer mucin, the molecule is antigenically distinct from the normal breast mucin.	Carbohydrates	12-24	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	72-77
17888402-4	2007	Galectin-3 specifically binds to APN both in vitro and in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a carbohydrate recognition-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	111-123	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
10497173-12	1999	The data demonstrate that the modality of heparin-Tat interaction is strongly affected by the size of the saccharide chain.	Carbohydrates	106-116	tyrosine aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	50-53
10532235-0	1999	NMR analysis of human salivary mucin (MUC7) derived O-linked model glycopeptides: comparison of structural features and carbohydrate-peptide interactions.	Carbohydrates	120-132	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	31-36
10471495-4	1999	By contrast, both Irs-1 and Irs-2 function in peripheral carbohydrate metabolism, but Irs-2 has the major role in beta-cell development and compensation for peripheral insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	57-69	insulin receptor substrate 1	Cricetulus griseus	18-23
10334846-5	1999	In addition, we have applied a method described previously, using sedimentation equilibrium analysis to calculate the contribution of carbohydrates to the molecular masses of CTLA-4 and CD80.	Carbohydrates	134-147	CD80 molecule	Homo sapiens	186-190
17888402-4	2007	Galectin-3 specifically binds to APN both in vitro and in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a carbohydrate recognition-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	111-123	alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane	Homo sapiens	33-36
17565118-5	2007	Gal3/AP recognized both A and B blood group saccharides (B&gt;A) and lactosamine derivatives.	Carbohydrates	44-55	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-4
10524194-8	1999	The globular, C-terminal domain that has been shown to bind carbohydrate in some members of the family and plasminogen in tetranectin, is likely to have a similar overall structure to that of tetranectin.	Carbohydrates	60-72	C-type lectin domain family 3 member B	Homo sapiens	192-203
10452960-7	1999	Further analysis revealed that the carbohydrate binding sites of SP-D were occupied by LPS, suggesting that SP-D is an LPS scavenging molecule in vivo.	Carbohydrates	35-47	surfactant protein D	Rattus norvegicus	65-69
10452960-7	1999	Further analysis revealed that the carbohydrate binding sites of SP-D were occupied by LPS, suggesting that SP-D is an LPS scavenging molecule in vivo.	Carbohydrates	35-47	surfactant protein D	Rattus norvegicus	108-112
17481951-7	2007	Besides lipid A, CD14 recognizes also the carbohydrate chains of LPS and along with LBP governs the activation of the MyD88-independent signalling pathway of TLR4.	Carbohydrates	42-54	CD14 molecule	Homo sapiens	17-21
10425179-3	1999	CD31 is heavily glycosylated, with an approximate carbohydrate content of 21%.	Carbohydrates	50-62	platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
10424492-4	1999	Treatment with neuraminidase results in removal of these anionic substances from the pH 3.75-4.75 region of gels, thereby indicating that heterogeneity arises from differences in sialation of the carbohydrate residues.	Carbohydrates	196-208	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	15-28
10333551-8	1999	The effects of IGF-I infusion on feto-placental carbohydrate and protein metabolism were similar in our control group to previous similar experiments.	Carbohydrates	48-60	insulin-like growth factor I	Ovis aries	15-20
10403189-7	1999	Since additional carbohydrate groups are added to the immature thyroglobulin, it appears that this recycling occurs via the Golgi compartment.	Carbohydrates	17-29	thyroglobulin	Homo sapiens	63-76
17646889-5	2007	Additionally, molecular dynamics methods were used to show that rearrangement to a suitable conformer for lactonisation to occur happens to a lesser extent when the CCR1 inhibitor was embedded in an amorphous trehalose matrix (a model carbohydrate excipient).	Carbohydrates	235-247	C-C motif chemokine receptor 1	Homo sapiens	165-169
10207099-4	1999	We show here that the transcription of ADD1/SREBP-1c in primary cultures of hepatocytes is controlled positively by insulin and negatively by glucagon and cyclic AMP, establishing a link between this transcription factor and carbohydrate availability.	Carbohydrates	225-237	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-52
10444252-0	1999	Pigeon fanciers" lung: identification of disease-associated carbohydrate epitopes on pigeon intestinal mucin.	Carbohydrates	60-72	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	103-108
10444252-5	1999	Lectin mapping of the carbohydrates present on pigeon intestinal mucin demonstrated high levels of exposed N-acetyl neuraminic acid, N-acetyl galactosamine and N-acetyl glucosamine, with lower levels of fucose and some galactose.	Carbohydrates	22-35	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	65-70
17543889-12	2007	Dijkstra, Crystal structure and carbohydrate-binding properties of the human cartilage glycoprotein-39, J. Biol.	Carbohydrates	32-44	chitinase 3 like 1	Homo sapiens	77-102
10446944-3	1999	This is the first study using fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE) to analyze IgA1 O-glycans in IgAN and controls.	Carbohydrates	51-63	IGAN1	Homo sapiens	116-120
10364244-10	1999	The sorting of ApN implicates neither O-linked nor N-linked glycans and is driven most likely by carbohydrate-independent mechanisms.	Carbohydrates	97-109	alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane	Homo sapiens	15-18
10198378-1	1999	Adaptation of rats to a high-protein, carbohydrate-free (HP) diet induced a marked reduction of brown adipose tissue (BAT) fatty acid (FA) synthesis from both 3H2O and [14C]glucose in vivo, with pronounced decreases in the activities of four enzymes associated with lipogenesis: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, citrate lyase, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase.	Carbohydrates	38-50	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	279-312
17882978-2	2007	FXR regulates expression of a diversity of target genes controlling bile acid homeostasis and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	104-116	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4	Homo sapiens	0-3
10085234-2	1999	The levels of Hex mRNA were only slightly increased in liver of rats refed with a high-carbohydrate diet or after partial hepatectomy.	Carbohydrates	87-99	hematopoietically expressed homeobox	Rattus norvegicus	14-17
10390012-1	1999	Surgical specimens of the normal kidney and of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tissues at different stages of progression and of various histological grades were examined for the expression of MUC1 mucins with sialylated carbohydrates (sialylated MUC1 mucins) using a monoclonal antibody MY.1E12.	Carbohydrates	216-229	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	188-192
10224141-3	1999	Here we report the cloning of a cDNA encoding human collectin from liver (CL-L1 (collectin liver 1)) that has typical collectin structural characteristics, consisting of an N-terminal cysteine-rich domain, a collagen-like domain, a neck domain, and a carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	251-263	collectin subfamily member 10	Homo sapiens	74-79
10224141-3	1999	Here we report the cloning of a cDNA encoding human collectin from liver (CL-L1 (collectin liver 1)) that has typical collectin structural characteristics, consisting of an N-terminal cysteine-rich domain, a collagen-like domain, a neck domain, and a carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	251-263	collectin subfamily member 10	Homo sapiens	81-98
17466947-3	2007	The acetylation of histone H3 and H4 as well as binding of HNF-1 and Cdx-2 on SI gene, was enhanced by increase in carbohydrate/fat ratio in the diet.	Carbohydrates	115-127	caudal type homeobox 2	Mus musculus	69-74
10221766-1	1999	Carbohydrate feeding increases the transcriptional activity of the hepatic S14 gene.	Carbohydrates	0-12	thyroid hormone responsive	Homo sapiens	75-78
10221766-2	1999	The region of the S14 promoter between -1384/-1275 contributes to the transcriptional regulation by carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	100-112	thyroid hormone responsive	Homo sapiens	18-21
10217406-2	1999	Carbohydrate analysis revealed that the glycosylated moiety of rAch was composed of 50 mol mannose and 2 mol N-acetylglucosamine residues.	Carbohydrates	0-12	acyl-CoA thioesterase 12	Rattus norvegicus	63-67
17466947-4	2007	These suggest that induction of SI gene by the diet rich in carbohydrate is associated with acetylation of histone H3 and H4 as well as binding of HNF-1 and Cdx-2 on SI gene.	Carbohydrates	60-72	caudal type homeobox 2	Mus musculus	157-162
10221766-11	1999	Therefore, we have demonstrated two separate elements within the -1384/-1275 region of the S14 gene that bind different proteins and interact to elicit the carbohydrate effect.	Carbohydrates	156-168	thyroid hormone responsive	Homo sapiens	91-94
10199792-9	1999	We first analyzed the carbohydrate residues of C1263R Tg and C1995S Tg.	Carbohydrates	22-34	thyroglobulin	Homo sapiens	54-56
10199792-9	1999	We first analyzed the carbohydrate residues of C1263R Tg and C1995S Tg.	Carbohydrates	22-34	thyroglobulin	Homo sapiens	68-70
17420244-1	2007	The scavenger receptor C-type lectin (SRCL) is unique in the family of class A scavenger receptors, because in addition to binding sites for oxidized lipoproteins it also contains a C-type carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) that interacts with specific glycans.	Carbohydrates	189-201	collectin sub-family member 12	Mus musculus	4-36
9989283-5	1999	CPT I in hepatocytes from both fasted and fasted-carbohydrate refed rats is inactivated and reactivated to a similar extent.	Carbohydrates	49-61	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
17420244-1	2007	The scavenger receptor C-type lectin (SRCL) is unique in the family of class A scavenger receptors, because in addition to binding sites for oxidized lipoproteins it also contains a C-type carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) that interacts with specific glycans.	Carbohydrates	189-201	collectin sub-family member 12	Mus musculus	38-42
10436785-2	1999	In epithelial cancers such as biliopancreatic cancer, both quantitative and qualitative alterations in carbohydrate and polypeptide moieties of mucin glycoproteins occur.	Carbohydrates	103-115	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	144-149
17555288-4	2007	Dietary carbohydrates--both independently and through insulin effect--influence the transcription of the fatty acid synthase gene.	Carbohydrates	8-21	insulin	Sus scrofa	54-61
10194533-1	1999	Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) exhibits molecular heterogeneity in both its protein and carbohydrate moieties.	Carbohydrates	92-104	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	30-33
17555288-4	2007	Dietary carbohydrates--both independently and through insulin effect--influence the transcription of the fatty acid synthase gene.	Carbohydrates	8-21	fatty acid synthase	Sus scrofa	105-124
10190023-8	1999	As a glycoprotein, thyroglobulin contains 8-10% total carbohydrate with galactose, mannose, fucose, N-acetyl glucosamine and sialic acid residues.	Carbohydrates	54-66	thyroglobulin	Homo sapiens	19-32
10190023-10	1999	In addition, human thyroglobulin has carbohydrate unit C. The occurrence of sulfate and phosphate as Gal-3-SO4 and Man-6-PO4, respectively, has been reported in few species.	Carbohydrates	37-49	thyroglobulin	Homo sapiens	19-32
9892607-7	1999	These findings demonstrate that the HECA-452- defined antigen, CLA, is an essential carbohydrate component of vascular L-selectin ligands.	Carbohydrates	84-96	hdc homolog, cell cycle regulator	Homo sapiens	36-40
17556688-0	2007	Increased plasma concentrations of lipoprotein(a) during a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet are associated with increased plasma concentrations of apolipoprotein C-III bound to apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins.	Carbohydrates	73-85	lipoprotein(a)	Homo sapiens	35-49
17556688-1	2007	BACKGROUND: Low-fat, high-carbohydrate (LFHC) diets have been shown to increase plasma concentrations of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and of triacylglycerol- rich lipoproteins (TRLs).	Carbohydrates	26-38	lipoprotein(a)	Homo sapiens	105-119
17556688-1	2007	BACKGROUND: Low-fat, high-carbohydrate (LFHC) diets have been shown to increase plasma concentrations of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and of triacylglycerol- rich lipoproteins (TRLs).	Carbohydrates	26-38	lipoprotein(a)	Homo sapiens	121-126
9854184-1	1999	The isolated effect of growth hormone on carbohydrate metabolism in rat skeletal muscle was studied in growth hormone-deficient dwarf rats (dw/dw) treated with either recombinant human growth hormone or saline for 10 days.	Carbohydrates	41-53	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	23-37
10883504-1	1999	The use of Lectins to identify oligosaccharides in mucin substances has been increased by the role played by cell surface carbohydrates in invasion and metastasis processes.	Carbohydrates	122-135	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	51-56
17893999-14	2007	CEA, CA19-9, CA125, and CA15-3 contain carbohydrate motifs and thus they may be involved in synovitis-associated adhesive events.	Carbohydrates	39-51	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	24-30
9856770-1	1998	PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to determine whether alteration in mucins could be detected in patients with dry eye symptoms by using the monoclonal antibody H185, which recognizes carbohydrate epitopes on mucin molecules.	Carbohydrates	191-203	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	76-81
9851870-4	1998	This mitogenic activity was dependent on the lectin property of galectin-3, as it could be significantly inhibited by lactose, a disaccharide competitive for carbohydrate-binding by galectin-3.	Carbohydrates	158-170	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	64-74
9851870-4	1998	This mitogenic activity was dependent on the lectin property of galectin-3, as it could be significantly inhibited by lactose, a disaccharide competitive for carbohydrate-binding by galectin-3.	Carbohydrates	158-170	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	182-192
17537973-3	2007	TNR is a major extracellular matrix glycoprotein of the CNS and carries the HNK-1 carbohydrate (human natural killer cell glycan), which has been identified as the functional epitope mediating regulation of GABAergic transmission via GABA(B) receptors.	Carbohydrates	82-94	tenascin R	Homo sapiens	0-3
9789003-0	1998	Sterols regulate processing of carbohydrate chains of wild-type SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP), but not sterol-resistant mutants Y298C or D443N.	Carbohydrates	31-43	sterol regulatory element-binding protein cleavage-activating protein	Cricetulus griseus	64-97
9853552-0	1998	Expression of sulfated carbohydrate chain and core peptides of mucin detected by monoclonal antibodies in Barrett"s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma.	Carbohydrates	23-35	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	63-68
9853552-3	1998	The aim of this study was to define the sulfated carbohydrate chain of mucin and its core peptide profile in Barrett"s esophagus (BE) and to compare it with the profile in Barrett"s adenocarcinoma and lower esophageal adenocarcinoma.	Carbohydrates	49-61	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	71-76
9789003-0	1998	Sterols regulate processing of carbohydrate chains of wild-type SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP), but not sterol-resistant mutants Y298C or D443N.	Carbohydrates	31-43	sterol regulatory element-binding protein cleavage-activating protein	Cricetulus griseus	99-103
17426596-1	2007	The production of galectin-3, a carbohydrate-binding mammalian lectin, is upregulated in Schwann cells after peripheral nerve injury in areas where Schwann cells proliferate.	Carbohydrates	32-44	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	18-28
9789003-10	1998	The relation between this regulated carbohydrate processing to the SCAP-regulated proteolysis of SREBP remains to be explored.	Carbohydrates	36-48	sterol regulatory element-binding protein cleavage-activating protein	Cricetulus griseus	67-71
9801804-1	1998	Chromium (Cr), an essential element, mainly affects saccharide (potentiated insulin action via interaction with insulin receptor on the cell surface) and lipid metabolism (inhibition of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase with a hypolipidemic effect).	Carbohydrates	52-62	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	112-128
15991935-3	1998	In breast cancer MUC1 is up-regulated and as a result of changes in glycosyl transferases, the complex carbohydrate side-chains are shortened leading to the exposure of novel peptide and carbohydrate epitopes.	Carbohydrates	103-115	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	17-21
15991935-3	1998	In breast cancer MUC1 is up-regulated and as a result of changes in glycosyl transferases, the complex carbohydrate side-chains are shortened leading to the exposure of novel peptide and carbohydrate epitopes.	Carbohydrates	187-199	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	17-21
9757090-0	1998	Structure of the C-type lectin carbohydrate recognition domain of human tetranectin.	Carbohydrates	31-43	C-type lectin domain family 3 member B	Homo sapiens	72-83
9809751-4	1998	The discoidin domain of CPX-2 has 22% amino acid identity with the carbohydrate-binding domain of discoideum-I, 29% to 34% identity with the phospholipid-binding domain of human factors V and VIII, and 59% identity with the discoidin-like domain on AEBP-1.	Carbohydrates	67-79	carboxypeptidase X, M14 family member 2	Homo sapiens	24-29
17426596-5	2007	In addition, a mutant galectin-3 unable to bind endogenous carbohydrates had similar effects as normal galectin-3.	Carbohydrates	59-72	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	22-32
9801825-5	1998	The results indicate that the non-globular nature of MUC1 is due to both protein core sequence and the effect of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	113-125	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	53-57
17426596-6	2007	We conclude that galectin-3 reduces proliferation of Schwann cells in cultured sciatic nerve segments by a mechanism which is independent of its carbohydrate-binding moiety.	Carbohydrates	145-157	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	17-27
9757090-8	1998	The crystal structure of the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of human TN (TN3) has been determined separately at 2.0 A resolution in order to obtain detailed information on the two calcium binding sites.	Carbohydrates	29-41	C-type lectin domain family 3 member B	Homo sapiens	76-78
9757090-8	1998	The crystal structure of the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of human TN (TN3) has been determined separately at 2.0 A resolution in order to obtain detailed information on the two calcium binding sites.	Carbohydrates	29-41	C-type lectin domain family 3 member B	Homo sapiens	80-83
9715535-3	1998	The following conclusions were drawn: (i) Both the pgm and sex1 mutants have a late-flowering phenotype in days shorter than 16 h. (ii) When inductive treatments cause a large, percentage of induced plants, there is always a large, early and transient increase in carbohydrate export from leaves.	Carbohydrates	264-276	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	59-63
17306378-7	2007	We were able to demonstrate that 78% of equine monocytes cross-reacted with anti-human HECA-452 antibody, which recognizes the sialy-Lewis X (sLex) epitope, a well-known carbohydrate binding site on human PSGL-1.	Carbohydrates	170-182	hdc homolog, cell cycle regulator	Equus caballus	87-91
9700129-5	1998	This effect was abolished by the presence of 100 mM mannose (for SP-A) or maltose (for SP-D) in the culture medium, which suggested that the CRD regions of SP-A and SP-D may interact with the carbohydrate structures on the surface molecules of lymphocytes.	Carbohydrates	192-204	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	65-69
9700129-5	1998	This effect was abolished by the presence of 100 mM mannose (for SP-A) or maltose (for SP-D) in the culture medium, which suggested that the CRD regions of SP-A and SP-D may interact with the carbohydrate structures on the surface molecules of lymphocytes.	Carbohydrates	192-204	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	156-160
9725224-3	1998	Here, we examined the role of asparagine-linked carbohydrates of the murine class I MHC in the binding to Ly-49A and Ly-49C.	Carbohydrates	48-61	killer cell lectin-like receptor, subfamily A, member 3	Mus musculus	117-123
9639537-1	1998	Cells synthesize the GPI anchor carbohydrate core by successively adding N-acetylglucosamine, three mannoses, and phosphoethanolamine (EtN-P) onto phosphatidylinositol, thus forming the complete GPI precursor lipid which is then added to proteins.	Carbohydrates	32-44	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	21-24
9639537-1	1998	Cells synthesize the GPI anchor carbohydrate core by successively adding N-acetylglucosamine, three mannoses, and phosphoethanolamine (EtN-P) onto phosphatidylinositol, thus forming the complete GPI precursor lipid which is then added to proteins.	Carbohydrates	32-44	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	195-198
16984901-10	2007	The latter findings provide a novel link to VCP carbohydrate interactions in the complex pathology of IBMPFD.	Carbohydrates	48-60	valosin containing protein	Homo sapiens	44-47
9720214-2	1998	MBP belongs to the collectin family, which is characterized by an NH2-terminal cysteine-rich domain, a collagen-like domain, a neck domain, and a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD).	Carbohydrates	146-158	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	0-3
9688456-8	1998	Subcutaneous or central injection of amylin produces a dose-dependent inhibition of gastric emptying, which may contribute to the activity of amylin in the regulation of carbohydrate absorption.	Carbohydrates	170-182	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	37-43
9688456-8	1998	Subcutaneous or central injection of amylin produces a dose-dependent inhibition of gastric emptying, which may contribute to the activity of amylin in the regulation of carbohydrate absorption.	Carbohydrates	170-182	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	142-148
17092638-2	2007	This form differs from later pregnancy hCG in carbohydrate moieties.	Carbohydrates	46-58	hypertrichosis 2 (generalised, congenital)	Homo sapiens	39-42
9683662-2	1998	Two of these genes, Ly49h and i, are very closely related to the well characterized Ly49c gene in the carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	102-114	killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily A, member 21	Mus musculus	20-25
9683662-2	1998	Two of these genes, Ly49h and i, are very closely related to the well characterized Ly49c gene in the carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	102-114	killer cell lectin-like receptor, subfamily A, member 3	Mus musculus	84-89
9683662-3	1998	Here we show by Southern blotting that at least two additional new sequences exist in C57BL/6 mice that are also closely related to Ly49c in the carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	145-157	killer cell lectin-like receptor, subfamily A, member 3	Mus musculus	132-137
9777406-2	1998	Recognition of the pathogens is, in most cases, mediated by the Ca+2-dependent binding of the C-type lectin domains of SP-A, or SP-D, to carbohydrate structures on the surface of the microorganisms.	Carbohydrates	137-149	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	119-123
9764548-2	1998	Cell-wall components of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, such as peptidoglycan, endotoxin or lipoteichoic acid, activate via CD14, a prototypic pattern-recognition receptor for carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	186-199	CD14 molecule	Homo sapiens	134-138
9663428-3	1998	Little information has been reported about the correlation between the expression of nm23 and sialylated carbohydrate antigens.	Carbohydrates	105-117	NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens	85-89
17356261-11	2007	Thus, leptin was found to exert an immediate effect on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism unlike that of ghrelin.	Carbohydrates	65-77	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	6-12
9646295-6	1998	This action is consistent with a physiologic role of amylin to regulate carbohydrate absorption.	Carbohydrates	72-84	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	53-59
9646295-7	1998	Of peptides known to be secreted in response to ingested carbohydrate, only amylin and glucagon-like peptide-1 are reported to inhibit gastric emptying at near-physiologic concentrations, and could therefore participate in nutrient-mediated feedback control of carbohydrate release from the stomach.	Carbohydrates	261-273	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	76-82
9716101-1	1998	Mannan-binding lectin (MBL, previously named mannan-binding protein, MBP) is a serum collectin, which activates complement upon binding to microbial carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	149-162	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	69-72
9717736-1	1998	The influence of glycosylation on proteolytic degradation was studied by comparing cleavage sites in ribonuclease A (RNase A) and ribonuclease B (RNase B), which only differ by a carbohydrate chain attached to Asn34 in RNase B.	Carbohydrates	179-191	ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic	Homo sapiens	101-115
9618290-5	1998	This inhibition involved the carbohydrate recognition domain of the lectin because adhesion was achieved in the presence of galectin-3 and lactose but not galectin-3 and sucrose.	Carbohydrates	29-41	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	124-134
9590134-0	1998	Liver metastasis and adhesion to the sinusoidal endothelium by human colon cancer cells is related to mucin carbohydrate chain length.	Carbohydrates	108-120	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	102-107
9590134-3	1998	LS-C mucin contains truncated carbohydrates enriched for sialyl Tn and these cells bind to basement membrane matrix to a greater extent than LS-B cells.	Carbohydrates	30-43	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	5-10
9593692-8	1998	The studies showed 12-14 saccharide units, corresponding to molecular weight of approximately 4,800, were required for a 1:1 (SLPI:heparin) binding stoichiometry.	Carbohydrates	25-35	antileukoproteinase	Ovis aries	126-130
18076825-1	2007	The native form of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a heterodimer protein with two asparagine (Asn)-linked carbohydrate chains on each subunit.	Carbohydrates	112-124	hypertrichosis 2 (generalised, congenital)	Homo sapiens	49-52
9582341-0	1998	X-ray crystal structure of the human galectin-3 carbohydrate recognition domain at 2.1-A resolution.	Carbohydrates	48-60	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	37-47
9590134-5	1998	LS-B produces more fully glycosylated mucin and preferentially binds to hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells and E-selectin through sialylated peripheral mucin-associated carbohydrate structures.	Carbohydrates	171-183	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	154-159
9590134-7	1998	LS-B cells spontaneously metastasized from cecum to liver and colonized the liver of athymic mice after splenic-portal injection to a significantly greater extent than LS-C, suggesting that expression of peripheral mucin carbohydrate structures is most important for metastasis of human colon cancer cells.	Carbohydrates	221-233	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	215-220
9582341-4	1998	Comparison with the published structures of galectins-1 and -2 provides an explanation for the differences in carbohydrate-binding specificity shown by galectin-3, and for the fact that it fails to form dimers by analogous CRD-CRD interactions.	Carbohydrates	110-122	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	152-162
18076825-3	2007	Specific and direct enzymatic removal of these carbohydrate chains from native hCG with resultant antagonistic properties has not been reported.	Carbohydrates	47-59	hypertrichosis 2 (generalised, congenital)	Homo sapiens	79-82
9587408-4	1998	Deletion of the carbohydrate moiety by adding tunicamycin during infection of Sf21 cells or mutation of both potential N-glycosylation sites (Asn-4 and Asn-16) abolished the ligand binding of TXA2R, suggesting that N-glycosylation is crucial for binding function.	Carbohydrates	16-28	thromboxane A2 receptor	Homo sapiens	192-197
18076825-9	2007	These results exemplify a simple and efficient method for creating deglycosylated hCG and provide the most direct evidence for the importance of Asn-linked carbohydrate chains in maintaining hCG bioactivity.	Carbohydrates	156-168	hypertrichosis 2 (generalised, congenital)	Homo sapiens	191-194
9610390-5	1998	We suggest that in both cerebellar and atrial membranes, the carbohydrate chains of the ETA receptor contribute to the binding of ligand to the nanomolar-affinity binding sites, but not to the picomolar-affinity binding sites.	Carbohydrates	61-73	endothelin receptor type A	Rattus norvegicus	88-91
20483399-6	2007	Current data from in-vitro models are consistent with initial attachment to mucin in the apical glycocalyx, perhaps via a carbohydrate-mediated interaction, after which the epithelial phenotype is modified by a medium- or short-range embryonic signal.	Carbohydrates	122-134	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	76-81
17090701-7	2006	Binding is calcium dependent but not inhibited by saccharides known to bind to SP-A"s carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	50-61	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	79-83
9672151-5	1998	Treatment with neuraminidase results in a retarded migration in SDS-PAGE, an increase in isoelectric point and a reduction in carbohydrate content, indicating a substantial content of sialic acid.	Carbohydrates	126-138	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	15-28
9565695-10	1998	The interaction of DTL with specific saccharides was investigated by UV difference spectroscopy and association constants were obtained.	Carbohydrates	37-48	denticleless E3 ubiquitin protein ligase homolog	Homo sapiens	19-22
9529088-8	1998	The latter carbohydrate is the ligand of the 40-kDa glycoprotein of C. trachomatis L2, which is known to mediate attachment, suggesting that the MBP binds to high mannose moieties on the surface of chlamydial organisms.	Carbohydrates	11-23	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	145-148
17090701-7	2006	Binding is calcium dependent but not inhibited by saccharides known to bind to SP-A"s carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	86-98	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	79-83
17169205-6	2006	Current data from in-vitro models are consistent with initial attachment to mucin in the apical glycocalyx, perhaps via a carbohydrate-mediated interaction, after which the epithelial phenotype is modified by a medium- or short-range embryonic signal.	Carbohydrates	122-134	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	76-81
9833611-15	1998	Characterization of choriocarcinoma hCG revealed that there are striking differences in carbohydrate structures between normal hCG and choriocarcinoma hCG.	Carbohydrates	88-100	hypertrichosis 2 (generalised, congenital)	Homo sapiens	36-39
9833611-15	1998	Characterization of choriocarcinoma hCG revealed that there are striking differences in carbohydrate structures between normal hCG and choriocarcinoma hCG.	Carbohydrates	88-100	hypertrichosis 2 (generalised, congenital)	Homo sapiens	127-130
9833611-15	1998	Characterization of choriocarcinoma hCG revealed that there are striking differences in carbohydrate structures between normal hCG and choriocarcinoma hCG.	Carbohydrates	88-100	hypertrichosis 2 (generalised, congenital)	Homo sapiens	127-130
9546665-3	1998	Intact ZPB and ZPC cannot be separated from each other unless acidic N-acetyllactosamine regions of their carbohydrate chains are removed by endo-beta-galactosidase digestion.	Carbohydrates	106-118	zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 3	Sus scrofa	15-18
9709178-6	1998	Furthermore, lectins specific for the carbohydrate N-acetylglucosamine competed with p68 specific antibodies from RA patients for antigen bindings.	Carbohydrates	38-50	GATA zinc finger domain containing 2B	Homo sapiens	85-88
9709178-11	1998	CONCLUSIONS: Autoimmunity to p68 during RA is carried by anti-carbohydrate autoantibodies.	Carbohydrates	62-74	GATA zinc finger domain containing 2B	Homo sapiens	29-32
9709178-12	1998	The carbohydrate modification of p68 appears to be N-acetylglucosamine, which may reflect the regulation of intracellular localisation of the antigen.	Carbohydrates	4-16	GATA zinc finger domain containing 2B	Homo sapiens	33-36
17093250-7	2006	The relative risk comparing highest and lowest deciles of a low-carbohydrate-diet score on the basis of the percentage of energy from carbohydrate, animal protein, and animal fat was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.74 to 1.19; P for trend=0.52), whereas the relative risk on the basis of the percentage of energy from intake of carbohydrates, vegetable protein, and vegetable fat was 0.70 (95% CI, 0.56 to 0.88; P for trend=0.002).	Carbohydrates	64-76	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	175-178
9568695-7	1998	Other sulfated GAGs and related macromolecules were also effective in the enhancement of amylin fibril formation in the order of heparin &gt; heparan sulfate &gt; chondroitin-4-sulfate = dermatan sulfate = dextran sulfate &gt; pentosan polysulfate, implicating the importance of the specific GAG/carbohydrate backbone.	Carbohydrates	296-308	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	89-95
9538229-11	1998	These results show that the three isoforms of PTPzeta are differentially regulated during development, and that the extracellular deleted region in PTPzeta-B is important for determination of carbohydrate modification.	Carbohydrates	192-204	protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type Z1	Rattus norvegicus	46-53
9538229-11	1998	These results show that the three isoforms of PTPzeta are differentially regulated during development, and that the extracellular deleted region in PTPzeta-B is important for determination of carbohydrate modification.	Carbohydrates	192-204	protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type Z1	Rattus norvegicus	148-157
9446608-2	1998	Some, such as galectin-1, are isolated as dimers and have a single carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) in each monomer, whereas others, such as galectin-4, are isolated as monomers and have two CRDs in a single polypeptide chain.	Carbohydrates	67-79	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 1	Mus musculus	14-24
29645229-15	1998	Characterization of choriocarcinoma hCG revealed that there are striking differences in carbohydrate structures between normal hCG and choriocarcinoma hCG.	Carbohydrates	88-100	hypertrichosis 2 (generalised, congenital)	Homo sapiens	36-39
29645229-15	1998	Characterization of choriocarcinoma hCG revealed that there are striking differences in carbohydrate structures between normal hCG and choriocarcinoma hCG.	Carbohydrates	88-100	hypertrichosis 2 (generalised, congenital)	Homo sapiens	127-130
17146556-9	2006	The presence of an insulin-like protein in chloroplasts may indicate its involvement in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	88-100	insulin	Sus scrofa	19-26
29645229-15	1998	Characterization of choriocarcinoma hCG revealed that there are striking differences in carbohydrate structures between normal hCG and choriocarcinoma hCG.	Carbohydrates	88-100	hypertrichosis 2 (generalised, congenital)	Homo sapiens	127-130
9606179-2	1998	In vivo, SP-A probably binds to a wide range of inhaled materials via the interaction of surface carbohydrates with the lectin domains of SP-A and mediates their interaction with cells as part of a natural defense system.	Carbohydrates	97-110	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	9-13
16809446-2	2006	This present study analyzes in vivo the impact of circulating IGFBP-1 on body growth associated to bone mineralization and carbohydrate resources.	Carbohydrates	123-135	insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1	Mus musculus	62-69
9535707-10	1998	Consequently, the precise role of the carbohydrate moiety in recombinant hSTC remains to be determined.	Carbohydrates	38-50	stanniocalcin 1	Homo sapiens	73-77
9533066-11	1998	The carbohydrate content of drugs in various therapeutic classes is presented to aid in the selection of the most appropriate drug and formulation for patients on the ketogenic diet.	Carbohydrates	4-16	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	81-84
9469931-8	1998	The NH2-terminus of rb-DNase I was Ala, not Met, and at position 19, corresponding to the carbohydrate attachment site of bp-DNase I, Asn was not glycosylated.	Carbohydrates	90-102	deoxyribonuclease 1	Bos taurus	125-132
9468337-9	1998	Our data suggest that cleavage of galectin-3 by metalloproteinases; (a) alters the carbohydrate recognition domain of the lectin so that it binds more tightly to the glycoconjugates and, (b) reduces selfassociation of the galectin molecules thereby abrogating the biological properties dependent on such associations or homodimerization.	Carbohydrates	83-95	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	34-44
16809446-9	2006	Moreover, IGFBP-1 overexpression contributed to decreased fetal hepatic glycogen and neonate blood glucose levels which constitute the main reservoir of carbohydrate resources for neonates.	Carbohydrates	153-165	insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1	Mus musculus	10-17
16809446-11	2006	Maternal IGFBP-1 expression was also clearly associated with neonate growth retardation (newborn weights from HM mothers were 20% smaller than newborns from NT mothers) and reduced fetal carbohydrate resources.	Carbohydrates	187-199	insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1	Mus musculus	9-16
17003330-6	2006	In mouse, coexistence of the P465L PPARgamma mutation and the leptin-deficient state creates a mismatch between insufficient adipose tissue expandability and excessive energy availability, unmasking the deleterious effects of PPARgamma mutations on carbohydrate metabolism and replicating the characteristic clinical symptoms observed in human patients with dominant-negative PPARgamma mutations.	Carbohydrates	249-261	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	35-44
9706384-4	1998	The nitrogen content of MUC1 mucin was determined to be intermediate between the mucin polypeptide and the carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	107-120	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	24-28
9706384-5	1998	Assuming a uniform distribution of carbohydrate on MUC1 mucin, the average thickness of the carbohydrate layer was calculated to be 4.9 nm using the low-resolution N 1s signals.	Carbohydrates	92-104	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	51-55
9706384-5	1998	Assuming a uniform distribution of carbohydrate on MUC1 mucin, the average thickness of the carbohydrate layer was calculated to be 4.9 nm using the low-resolution N 1s signals.	Carbohydrates	92-104	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	56-61
9706384-9	1998	Although the carbohydrate coating on the MUC1 mucin appears to be thick enough to cover the core protein entirely, fully glycosylated breast milk MUC1 mucin is susceptible to proteolytic digestion without removal of any oligosaccharide side chain, suggesting areas of exposed core protein.	Carbohydrates	13-25	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	41-45
9706384-9	1998	Although the carbohydrate coating on the MUC1 mucin appears to be thick enough to cover the core protein entirely, fully glycosylated breast milk MUC1 mucin is susceptible to proteolytic digestion without removal of any oligosaccharide side chain, suggesting areas of exposed core protein.	Carbohydrates	13-25	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	46-51
9561779-6	1998	All mucin preparations contained high amounts of N-acetyl-glucosamine, galactose, N-acetyl-galactosamine, fucose and sialic acid, saccharides typical of the O-linked carbohydrate side chains.	Carbohydrates	130-141	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	4-9
9561779-6	1998	All mucin preparations contained high amounts of N-acetyl-glucosamine, galactose, N-acetyl-galactosamine, fucose and sialic acid, saccharides typical of the O-linked carbohydrate side chains.	Carbohydrates	166-178	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	4-9
9499113-3	1998	We also show that nonglycosylated HIV-1(SF-2) gp120 or sodium metaperiodate-treated oligomeric gp160 from HIV-1(451) bound much more readily to CXCR4 than their counterparts with intact carbohydrate residues did.	Carbohydrates	186-198	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	95-100
16527444-2	2006	We found that SNL glycoprotein consists of carbohydrate content (69.74%) and protein content (30.26%), which contains more than 50% hydrophobic amino acids such as glycine and proline.	Carbohydrates	43-55	fascin actin-bundling protein 1	Homo sapiens	14-17
9486868-1	1998	Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive, neurodegenerative disease, characterized by progressive gait and limb ataxia, dysarthria, lower-limb areflexia, Babinski sign, loss of position and vibration senses, cardiomyopathy, and carbohydrate intolerance.	Carbohydrates	238-250	frataxin	Homo sapiens	0-17
9486868-1	1998	Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive, neurodegenerative disease, characterized by progressive gait and limb ataxia, dysarthria, lower-limb areflexia, Babinski sign, loss of position and vibration senses, cardiomyopathy, and carbohydrate intolerance.	Carbohydrates	238-250	frataxin	Homo sapiens	19-23
9468543-4	1998	We investigated the functional region in the carbohydrate recognition domain of rat SP-A and SP-D that is involved in binding lipids and interacting with alveolar type II cells by using chimeric proteins.	Carbohydrates	45-57	surfactant protein D	Rattus norvegicus	93-97
9505887-5	1998	RESULTS: Of one crypt base cell specific antibody (5E9), the reactive epitope appeared to be a non-terminal carbohydrate in the mucin O-glycans of the colon.	Carbohydrates	108-120	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	128-133
9678961-1	1998	Adaptive response to starvation and a high-protein, carbohydrate-free diet on glutamate dehydrogenase and alanine aminotransferase kinetics.	Carbohydrates	52-64	LOC100136094	Oncorhynchus mykiss	78-101
9523111-1	1998	The mannose receptor recognizes the patterns of carbohydrates that decorate the surfaces and cell walls of infectious agents.	Carbohydrates	48-61	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	4-20
16720361-4	2006	In the current study, we have used a panel of antibodies specific for selectin ligands to determine if MUC1 functions as a scaffold for these carbohydrate motifs in fertile women.	Carbohydrates	142-154	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	103-107
9435448-0	1998	Human variant sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) with an additional carbohydrate chain has a reduced clearance rate in rabbit.	Carbohydrates	69-81	sex hormone-binding globulin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	14-42
9435448-0	1998	Human variant sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) with an additional carbohydrate chain has a reduced clearance rate in rabbit.	Carbohydrates	69-81	sex hormone-binding globulin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	44-48
14518264-1	1998	MUC2 is known to be the main intestinal mucin carrying the carbohydrate moiety sialyl-Le(x), which interacts with the endothelial molecule E-selectin.	Carbohydrates	59-71	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	40-45
16867155-1	2006	Pulmonary surfactant protein A (SP-A) is an oligomeric collectin that recognizes lipid and carbohydrate moieties present on broad range of micro-organisms, and mediates microbial lysis and clearance.	Carbohydrates	91-103	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	0-30
9546608-8	1998	The human colonic mucin receptor was sensitive to periodate treatment suggesting the involvement of the carbohydrate portion of the mucin.	Carbohydrates	104-116	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	18-23
9546608-8	1998	The human colonic mucin receptor was sensitive to periodate treatment suggesting the involvement of the carbohydrate portion of the mucin.	Carbohydrates	104-116	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	132-137
9546608-11	1998	This study identifies, for the first time, the presence of a specific Shigella-binding site on the carbohydrate portion of human colonic mucin, which is not present in rat colonic mucin or in rat/human small intestinal mucin.	Carbohydrates	99-111	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	137-142
9422096-0	1998	Analysis of the carbohydrate specificity of ISOBM TD-4 Workshop anti-MUC1 antibodies.	Carbohydrates	16-28	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	69-73
9455924-1	1997	We previously demonstrated that gp120/160 (Env) of HIV-1 interact in a carbohydrate-specific manner with mannosyl/N-acetylglucosaminyl derivatives and that HIV-1LAI infection of monocytic U937 and lymphoid CEM cells was inhibited by CD4-free Concanavalin A-reactive glycopeptides from U937 cells.	Carbohydrates	71-83	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	32-41
9455924-1	1997	We previously demonstrated that gp120/160 (Env) of HIV-1 interact in a carbohydrate-specific manner with mannosyl/N-acetylglucosaminyl derivatives and that HIV-1LAI infection of monocytic U937 and lymphoid CEM cells was inhibited by CD4-free Concanavalin A-reactive glycopeptides from U937 cells.	Carbohydrates	71-83	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	43-46
9368010-0	1997	Characterization of an N-acetylglucosamine-6-O-sulfotransferase from human respiratory mucosa active on mucin carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	110-122	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	104-109
16867155-1	2006	Pulmonary surfactant protein A (SP-A) is an oligomeric collectin that recognizes lipid and carbohydrate moieties present on broad range of micro-organisms, and mediates microbial lysis and clearance.	Carbohydrates	91-103	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	32-36
10100757-6	1998	Strict correlation between mucin gene expression and any carbohydrate epitopes examined was not observed.	Carbohydrates	57-69	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	27-32
16867155-8	2006	No binding was seen to recombinant SP-A composed of the neck region and carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-A indicating that the interaction between MFAP4 and SP-A is mediated via the collagen domain of SP-A.	Carbohydrates	72-84	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	107-111
9368610-0	1997	The mast cell function-associated antigen exhibits saccharide binding capacity.	Carbohydrates	51-61	killer cell lectin like receptor G1	Rattus norvegicus	4-41
16867155-8	2006	No binding was seen to recombinant SP-A composed of the neck region and carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-A indicating that the interaction between MFAP4 and SP-A is mediated via the collagen domain of SP-A.	Carbohydrates	72-84	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	107-111
9368610-3	1997	To investigate its carbohydrate binding capacity, the MAFA has been expressed in the Spodoptera frugiperda insect cell line (Sf9) using the baculovirus expression system.	Carbohydrates	19-31	MAF bZIP transcription factor A	Rattus norvegicus	54-58
16867155-8	2006	No binding was seen to recombinant SP-A composed of the neck region and carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-A indicating that the interaction between MFAP4 and SP-A is mediated via the collagen domain of SP-A.	Carbohydrates	72-84	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	107-111
16766650-2	2006	accumulate a class of beta-1,2-mannan oligosaccharides as their major carbohydrate reserve material.	Carbohydrates	70-82	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	22-30
21528275-7	1997	The CF703 antigen had a molecular weight over 500 kDa and its epitope was carbohydrate in nature by reason of the resistance to proteinase digestion and sensitivity to periodate oxidation, neuraminidase and alkaline-borohydrite.	Carbohydrates	74-86	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	189-202
9769716-9	1998	Our studies of hCG have also identified structural variants, notably in the carbohydrate moiety, that are distinctive for patients with a variety of disorders of pregnancy, including hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma.	Carbohydrates	76-88	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	15-18
9447709-0	1997	Detection and distribution of the carbohydrate binding protein galectin-3 in human notochord, intervertebral disc and chordoma.	Carbohydrates	34-46	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	63-73
16365873-6	2006	The C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-3 is responsible for binding to the NG2 core protein.	Carbohydrates	15-27	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	50-60
9349585-2	1997	Because of interest in the role of the carbohydrate component in the structure-function relationships of hCG we undertook to deplete hCG of its sialic acid or carbohydrate residues and assess the thyrotropic activity of the carbohydrate-modified forms.	Carbohydrates	39-51	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	105-108
9349585-6	1997	Indeed, removal of the sialic acid or carbohydrate residues from native hCG transformed it into a thyroid stimulator that elicited a maximal response in terms of iodide uptake, organification and T3 secretion by human thyroid follicles as high as TSH and almost twice as high as native hCG.	Carbohydrates	38-50	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	72-75
9349585-9	1997	hCG, and to a greater extent ds-hCG and dg-hCG, inhibited, as did TSH, gamma-interferon-induced human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) expression in human thyrocytes, again reflecting the intrinsic thyrotropic activity of native hCG and its variants depleted of sialic acid or carbohydrate residues.	Carbohydrates	274-286	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	0-3
9426358-11	1997	CONCLUSIONS: Central and subjective fatigue may be influenced by raised plasma free tryptophan to competitor amino acid ratios induced by carbohydrate intake but other aspects of central arousal are affected by fat intake.	Carbohydrates	138-150	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	36-39
9349585-9	1997	hCG, and to a greater extent ds-hCG and dg-hCG, inhibited, as did TSH, gamma-interferon-induced human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) expression in human thyrocytes, again reflecting the intrinsic thyrotropic activity of native hCG and its variants depleted of sialic acid or carbohydrate residues.	Carbohydrates	274-286	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	32-35
9349585-9	1997	hCG, and to a greater extent ds-hCG and dg-hCG, inhibited, as did TSH, gamma-interferon-induced human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) expression in human thyrocytes, again reflecting the intrinsic thyrotropic activity of native hCG and its variants depleted of sialic acid or carbohydrate residues.	Carbohydrates	274-286	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	32-35
9349585-9	1997	hCG, and to a greater extent ds-hCG and dg-hCG, inhibited, as did TSH, gamma-interferon-induced human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) expression in human thyrocytes, again reflecting the intrinsic thyrotropic activity of native hCG and its variants depleted of sialic acid or carbohydrate residues.	Carbohydrates	274-286	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	32-35
9349585-11	1997	The study was conducted in a serum-free culture system of human thyroid follicles and shows that removal of the sialic acid or carbohydrate residues from native hCG transform hCG variants into thyroid stimulating superagonists.	Carbohydrates	127-139	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	161-164
16365873-8	2006	The interaction between galectin-3 and NG2 is a carbohydrate-dependent one mediated by N-linked rather than O-linked oligosaccharides within the D3 domain of the NG2 core protein.	Carbohydrates	48-60	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	24-34
9349585-11	1997	The study was conducted in a serum-free culture system of human thyroid follicles and shows that removal of the sialic acid or carbohydrate residues from native hCG transform hCG variants into thyroid stimulating superagonists.	Carbohydrates	127-139	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	175-178
16439369-0	2006	Structures of the carbohydrate recognition domain of Ca2+-independent cargo receptors Emp46p and Emp47p.	Carbohydrates	18-30	Emp46p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	86-92
9321876-3	1997	Intraperitoneal injection of CCK-8 (0.6-5.0 micrograms) inhibited and injection of the CCKA-receptor antagonist L-364, 718 (20-80 micrograms) facilitated carbohydrate intake, but neither CCK-8 nor L-364,718 affected protein intake.	Carbohydrates	154-166	cholecystokinin A receptor	Rattus norvegicus	87-100
9268329-4	1997	In particular, in the liver USF1 and USF2 have been shown to bind in vitro glucose/carbohydrate response elements of glycolytic and lipogenic genes and have been proposed, from ex vivo experiments, to be involved in their transcriptional activation by glucose.	Carbohydrates	83-95	upstream transcription factor 2	Mus musculus	37-41
9367184-0	1997	Carbohydrate analysis of porcine thyroglobulin isoforms with different iodine contents.	Carbohydrates	0-12	thyroglobulin	Homo sapiens	33-46
9367184-1	1997	To further validate the relationship between thyroid hormone formation and the carbohydrate structure of thyroglobulin (Tg), we reinvestigated the relationship between the iodine content and the asparagine-linked oligosaccharide structures of porcine Tg.	Carbohydrates	79-91	thyroglobulin	Homo sapiens	105-118
9367184-1	1997	To further validate the relationship between thyroid hormone formation and the carbohydrate structure of thyroglobulin (Tg), we reinvestigated the relationship between the iodine content and the asparagine-linked oligosaccharide structures of porcine Tg.	Carbohydrates	79-91	thyroglobulin	Homo sapiens	120-122
9334252-1	1997	C2-alpha-Mannosyltryptophan was discovered in RNase 2 from human urine, representing a novel way of attaching carbohydrate to a protein.	Carbohydrates	110-122	ribonuclease A family member 2	Homo sapiens	46-53
16439369-3	2006	We have determined crystal structures of the carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) of Emp46p and Emp47p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in the absence and presence of metal ions.	Carbohydrates	45-57	Emp46p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	88-94
16221666-4	2006	This resistance, used here as a tool to examine correct folding, does not depend on the type of glycosylation, because different PSMA glycoforms generated in the presence of inhibitors of carbohydrate processing in the Golgi are also trypsin resistant.	Carbohydrates	188-200	putative N-acetylated-alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase	Canis lupus familiaris	129-133
9349592-0	1997	The effect of portal and peripheral insulin delivery on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in a miniature pig model of human IDDM.	Carbohydrates	56-68	insulin	Sus scrofa	36-43
9347403-0	1997	Psychological and metabolic responses of carbohydrate craving obese patients to carbohydrate, fat and protein-rich meals.	Carbohydrates	41-53	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	94-97
9271309-2	1997	Surfactant protein A (SP-A) is a nonimmune opsonin present in the alveolar spaces that binds carbohydrate residues such as mannose.	Carbohydrates	93-105	surfactant associated protein A1	Mus musculus	22-26
9266690-10	1997	On the other hand, the formations of DNA-protein complexes with Sp1 binding site or ACL(-64 to -41) were decreased in rats fed a high-carbohydrate diet in comparison with those in rats fasted or fed a polyunsaturated fatty-acid-rich diet.	Carbohydrates	134-146	ATP citrate lyase	Rattus norvegicus	84-87
16199260-8	2006	Genetically engineered carbohydrate-deficient mutant human IgA1 antibodies were used to assess the role of carbohydrate in accepting the C4b and C3b depositions, and these studies indicated that the carbohydrate on the Fc-region of IgA1 played a positive role.	Carbohydrates	107-119	complement C4B (Chido blood group)	Homo sapiens	137-140
9269507-4	1997	The molecule of MUC-1 has a central polypeptidic core with a carbohydrate linked in O-linkage to serines and threonines.	Carbohydrates	61-73	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	16-21
9269576-4	1997	The binding was effectively inhibited by saccharide chains of band 3, a major glycoprotein of human erythrocytes, and lowered when the saccharide chains of band 3 were removed from the cell surface by pretreatment of the cells with endo-beta-galactosidase which specifically cleaves the polylactosaminyl saccharide chains of band 3.	Carbohydrates	41-51	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	237-255
9269507-5	1997	The carbohydrate side chain epitope of MUC-1 molecule produced by breast cancer cells is heavily sialylated, giving their physical properties and increasing their immunogenicity.	Carbohydrates	4-16	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	39-44
16199260-8	2006	Genetically engineered carbohydrate-deficient mutant human IgA1 antibodies were used to assess the role of carbohydrate in accepting the C4b and C3b depositions, and these studies indicated that the carbohydrate on the Fc-region of IgA1 played a positive role.	Carbohydrates	107-119	complement C4B (Chido blood group)	Homo sapiens	137-140
9269507-10	1997	Finally, mucins have been considered to develop vaccines against cancer, targeting specific carbohydrate and mucin epitopes.	Carbohydrates	92-104	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	9-14
16202636-4	2006	The GLP-1 receptor is expressed in a variety of other tissues important for carbohydrate metabolism, including pancreatic alpha-cells, hypothalamus and brainstem, and proximal intestinal tract.	Carbohydrates	76-88	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	4-18
9220022-1	1997	Glucokinase (EC 2.7.1.2) first appears in rat liver two weeks after birth and increases rapidly after weaning on to a high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	123-135	glucokinase	Rattus norvegicus	0-11
9225165-4	1997	Different carbohydrates on ZP3, such as Galactose in alpha-linkage, N-acetylglucosamine in beta-linkage, were suggested as the complementary sperm receptors, mediating the primary binding between the spermatozoon and the ZP.	Carbohydrates	10-23	zona pellucida glycoprotein 3	Homo sapiens	27-30
9216571-4	1997	Foods high in dietary fat have a weak effect on satiation, which leads to a form of passive overconsumption, and a disproportionately weak effect on satiety (joule-for-joule compared with protein and carbohydrate).	Carbohydrates	200-212	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	22-25
9162064-4	1997	The other, a 29-kDa protein, is galectin-3, containing a single carbohydrate binding domain, previously found in a number of different cell types including human intestinal epithelium.	Carbohydrates	64-76	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	32-42
16831850-2	2006	Degradation of the carbohydrate moieties of AGPs seems to occur by concerted action of several glycosidases, among them alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase, beta-D-galactosidase, and beta-D-glucuronidase.	Carbohydrates	19-31	alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	120-147
9186759-9	1997	Substrate oxidation is a familial trait, and individuals with a low fat-to-carbohydrate oxidation ratio are more prone to develop obesity than those with a high fat-to-carbohydrate oxidation ratio.	Carbohydrates	75-87	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	68-71
9186759-9	1997	Substrate oxidation is a familial trait, and individuals with a low fat-to-carbohydrate oxidation ratio are more prone to develop obesity than those with a high fat-to-carbohydrate oxidation ratio.	Carbohydrates	168-180	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	161-164
9246205-0	1997	Carbohydrate recognition on MUC1-expressing targets enhances cytotoxicity of a T cell subpopulation.	Carbohydrates	0-12	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	28-32
16831850-3	2006	Here, a bifunctional alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase/beta-D-xylosidase from immature seeds of radish (Raphanus sativus L.), which hydrolyses alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl residues of the carbohydrate moieties of AGPs, has been cloned by reverse transcriptase-PCR.	Carbohydrates	178-190	alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	21-48
16831850-10	2006	These results indicate that RsAraf1 encodes a bifunctional alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase/beta-D-xylosidase and suggest that RsAraf1 is involved in the hydrolysis of the carbohydrate moieties of AGPs in immature radish seeds.	Carbohydrates	167-179	alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	59-86
16219759-3	2005	To understand the role of carbohydrates in influencing the PrP maturation, stability, and cell biology, we have produced and analyzed gene-targeted murine models expressing differentially glycosylated PrP.	Carbohydrates	26-39	prion protein	Mus musculus	59-62
9183744-3	1997	In the present study, we identified two novel carbohydrates present on N-CAM, NOC-3 and NOC-4.	Carbohydrates	46-59	ER membrane protein complex subunit 8	Rattus norvegicus	88-93
9217258-9	1997	Mass spectrometric and light scattering experiments both suggested an average mass of approximately 15 kDa for GPEET-PARP, with individual glycoforms ranging from about 12 kDa to 20 kDa, that is consistent with its amino acid and carbohydrate composition.	Carbohydrates	230-242	collagen type XI alpha 2 chain	Homo sapiens	111-121
9267478-2	1997	Mucin-type molecules consist of a core protein moiety (apomucin) where a number of carbohydrate chains are attached to serines and threonines by glycosidic bonds.	Carbohydrates	83-95	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	0-5
16328467-0	2005	Carbohydrate-binding specificities of mouse ficolin A, a splicing variant of ficolin A and ficolin B and their complex formation with MASP-2 and sMAP.	Carbohydrates	0-12	ficolin B	Mus musculus	91-100
9202426-4	1997	Here, carbohydrate moieties of human placental arylsulfatase A were studied by sequential lectin affinity chromatography after enzymatic cleavage and labelling with tritiated sodium borohydride.	Carbohydrates	6-18	arylsulfatase A	Homo sapiens	47-62
9201717-4	1997	GPP130 appears to be the human counterpart of rat Golgi integral membrane protein, cis (GIMPc), a previously identified early Golgi antigen that acquires late Golgi carbohydrate modifications.	Carbohydrates	165-177	golgi integral membrane protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
16291619-0	2005	Distribution and carbohydrate structures of high molecular weight glycoproteins, MUC1 and MUCX, in bovine milk.	Carbohydrates	17-29	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Bos taurus	81-85
9142045-3	1997	With respect to the associations of Mo1 with Fc gamma RIIIB and uPAR, the inhibitory effect of saccharides such as NADG suggests a lectin-carbohydrate interaction that may involve the recognition of Mo1"s beta-glucan site for N-linked carbohydrates4 that are expressed by both Fc gamma RIIIB and uPAR.	Carbohydrates	95-106	Fc gamma receptor IIIb	Homo sapiens	277-291
9142045-3	1997	With respect to the associations of Mo1 with Fc gamma RIIIB and uPAR, the inhibitory effect of saccharides such as NADG suggests a lectin-carbohydrate interaction that may involve the recognition of Mo1"s beta-glucan site for N-linked carbohydrates4 that are expressed by both Fc gamma RIIIB and uPAR.	Carbohydrates	138-150	Fc gamma receptor IIIb	Homo sapiens	277-291
9120279-3	1997	Three separate exons encode the carbohydrate recognition domain of the MAFA, defining its close homology to the genes of CD23, CD69, CD72, NKR-P1, and Ly49.	Carbohydrates	32-44	MAF bZIP transcription factor A	Rattus norvegicus	71-75
9048776-1	1997	The developmentally regulated and stage-specifically expressed HNK-1 carbohydrate found on sulfoglucuronylglycolipids (SGGLs) and certain glycoproteins has been proposed to be involved in neural cell adhesion and recognition processes through its interaction with protein "receptors."	Carbohydrates	69-81	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-68
9048776-13	1997	The binding to HNK-1 glycoproteins was inhibited by HNK-1 antibody, but not by other IgM antibodies, indicating that the binding was mediated through the HNK-1 carbohydrate moiety of the proteins.	Carbohydrates	160-172	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-20
9048776-13	1997	The binding to HNK-1 glycoproteins was inhibited by HNK-1 antibody, but not by other IgM antibodies, indicating that the binding was mediated through the HNK-1 carbohydrate moiety of the proteins.	Carbohydrates	160-172	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-57
9048776-13	1997	The binding to HNK-1 glycoproteins was inhibited by HNK-1 antibody, but not by other IgM antibodies, indicating that the binding was mediated through the HNK-1 carbohydrate moiety of the proteins.	Carbohydrates	160-172	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-57
9120279-3	1997	Three separate exons encode the carbohydrate recognition domain of the MAFA, defining its close homology to the genes of CD23, CD69, CD72, NKR-P1, and Ly49.	Carbohydrates	32-44	Fc epsilon receptor II	Rattus norvegicus	121-125
9120279-3	1997	Three separate exons encode the carbohydrate recognition domain of the MAFA, defining its close homology to the genes of CD23, CD69, CD72, NKR-P1, and Ly49.	Carbohydrates	32-44	killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily A, member 22	Rattus norvegicus	151-155
16291619-7	2005	The complex carbohydrate structures carried by both MUC1 and MUCX suggest that they may have potential to bind a wide spectrum of pathogenic microorganisms.	Carbohydrates	12-24	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Bos taurus	52-56
9074491-2	1997	cDNA clones encoding bovine MBP were isolated from a bovine liver cDNA library using a cDNA fragment encoding a short collagen region, neck domain and carbohydrate recognition domain of human MBP.	Carbohydrates	151-163	mannose binding lectin 2	Bos taurus	28-31
15983039-6	2005	Additional studies showed that, although mannose recognition was largely independent of the oligomerization state of the protein, recognition of sulfated carbohydrates was mostly mediated by self-associated MR and that, in SA0-MR, there was a higher proportion of oligomeric MR.	Carbohydrates	154-167	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	207-209
9074491-2	1997	cDNA clones encoding bovine MBP were isolated from a bovine liver cDNA library using a cDNA fragment encoding a short collagen region, neck domain and carbohydrate recognition domain of human MBP.	Carbohydrates	151-163	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	192-195
9038136-0	1997	Carbon isotope effects on the fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase reaction, origin for non-statistical 13C distributions in carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	123-136	fructose-bisphosphate aldolase B	Oryctolagus cuniculus	30-64
9047316-1	1997	The thermal stabilities of ribonuclease A (RNase A) and ribonuclease B (RNase B), which possess identical protein structures but differ by the presence of a carbohydrate chain attached to Asn34 in RNase B, were studied by proteolysis and UV spectroscopy at pH 8.0.	Carbohydrates	157-169	ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic	Homo sapiens	27-41
9047316-1	1997	The thermal stabilities of ribonuclease A (RNase A) and ribonuclease B (RNase B), which possess identical protein structures but differ by the presence of a carbohydrate chain attached to Asn34 in RNase B, were studied by proteolysis and UV spectroscopy at pH 8.0.	Carbohydrates	157-169	ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic	Homo sapiens	43-50
9038177-0	1997	Mechanism of Ca2+ and monosaccharide binding to a C-type carbohydrate-recognition domain of the macrophage mannose receptor.	Carbohydrates	57-69	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	107-123
9038177-1	1997	Site-directed mutagenesis has been used to identify residues that ligate Ca2+ and sugar to the fourth C-type carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of the macrophage mannose receptor.	Carbohydrates	109-121	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	165-181
9000544-5	1997	After pulse labeling for 30 min two proforms of PR3 (32 and 35 kDa), differing in carbohydrate content but with protein cores of identical size, were demonstrated.	Carbohydrates	82-94	proteinase 3	Homo sapiens	48-51
15983039-6	2005	Additional studies showed that, although mannose recognition was largely independent of the oligomerization state of the protein, recognition of sulfated carbohydrates was mostly mediated by self-associated MR and that, in SA0-MR, there was a higher proportion of oligomeric MR.	Carbohydrates	154-167	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	227-229
8974399-3	1997	A carbohydrate-dependent interaction between newly synthesized glycoproteins, the thiol-dependent reductase ERp57, and either calnexin or calreticulin was identified.	Carbohydrates	2-14	calreticulin	Canis lupus familiaris	138-150
9027365-7	1997	These observations suggest that the S14 gene is highly conserved in mammals and is similarly regulated by carbohydrate and T3 in vivo.	Carbohydrates	106-118	thyroid hormone responsive	Homo sapiens	36-39
15983039-6	2005	Additional studies showed that, although mannose recognition was largely independent of the oligomerization state of the protein, recognition of sulfated carbohydrates was mostly mediated by self-associated MR and that, in SA0-MR, there was a higher proportion of oligomeric MR.	Carbohydrates	154-167	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	227-229
15784180-5	2005	Investigations of the carbohydrate specificity of DTL-A by enzyme-linked lectin assay suggest the multi-specificity of this lectin.	Carbohydrates	22-34	denticleless E3 ubiquitin protein ligase homolog	Homo sapiens	50-53
8979258-7	1996	Our data therefore argue that carbohydrate modification may be critical for NPR-B receptor ligand binding.	Carbohydrates	30-42	natriuretic peptide receptor 2	Homo sapiens	76-81
15604089-1	2005	Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a member of a family of highly conserved carbohydrate-binding proteins, has recently emerged as a novel cellular modulator at inflammatory foci.	Carbohydrates	61-73	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-17
8955387-7	1996	The amino acid sequence of the glp repressor was similar to several repressors of carbohydrate catabolic systems, including those of the glucitol (GutR), fucose (FucR), and deoxyribonucleoside (DeoR) systems of E. coli, as well as those of the lactose (LacR) and inositol (IolR) systems of gram-positive bacteria and agrocinopine (AccR) system of Agrobacterium tumefaciens.	Carbohydrates	82-94	repressor	Escherichia coli	35-44
8990931-6	1996	Lymphatic metastasis was related to the expression of mucin core type carbohydrates (Tn antigen and Tn-like antigens) in common, whereas there were no conspicuous similarities in the hematogenous metastasis-related carbohydrates among the cancers.	Carbohydrates	70-83	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	54-59
9210174-4	1997	These data expand the demonstrated role of endogenous CCK in the slowing of gastric emptying of nutrients in rhesus monkeys to carbohydrates and suggest that previous negative results were due to the hyperosmotic nature of the glucose solutions.	Carbohydrates	127-140	cholecystokinin	Macaca mulatta	54-57
15866225-2	2005	The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of postexercise carbohydrate diet on GLUT4 and hexokinase (HK) II mRNA levels in the human skeletal muscle.	Carbohydrates	70-82	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Homo sapiens	91-96
8969192-8	1996	We conclude that MUC-1 from breast cancer cell lines has simpler, and fewer, carbohydrate chains than MUC-1 from normal breast epithelial cells, and that these differences, combined or separately, explain the differential tumor specificity of some MUC-1 antibodies and T cells.	Carbohydrates	77-89	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	17-22
9027340-6	1996	The Asn 52 glycan on the alpha-subunit of hCG has been identified as being required for biological activity, it is, therefore, of physiological importance to determine the structure of the hormone with its carbohydrate intact.	Carbohydrates	206-218	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	42-45
8920947-0	1996	Carbohydrate-mediated regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 activation in normal human fibroblasts and fibrosarcoma cells.	Carbohydrates	0-12	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	36-62
15866225-2	2005	The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of postexercise carbohydrate diet on GLUT4 and hexokinase (HK) II mRNA levels in the human skeletal muscle.	Carbohydrates	70-82	hexokinase 2	Homo sapiens	113-119
15866225-6	2005	Blood glucose and serum insulin concentrations were measured every 30 min for 3 h. At the end of the 3-h recovery, blood glucose and serum insulin levels were not different from control levels, indicating that the oral carbohydrate was mostly disposed in the body within 3 h. In addition, GLUT4 and HK II mRNA levels were significantly lowered in the exercised human skeletal muscle in subjects receiving the carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	219-231	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Homo sapiens	289-294
9009444-6	1996	Analysis of carbohydrate structures and biochemical data indicate that the activity of either GnT II or alpha-Man II is reduced in different families, suggesting that the disease is genetically heterogeneous.	Carbohydrates	12-24	alpha-1,6-mannosyl-glycoprotein 2-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase	Homo sapiens	94-100
9002191-4	1996	For this group of oligosaccharides, ranging in size from tri- to undeca-saccharides and possessing linear, di- and tri-antennary forms, it was also observed that sulfate esters could be located on the same or on different branches and that branched oligosaccharides can possess sulfate esters on C-3 and C-6 of different terminal galactose residues within the same structure.	Carbohydrates	23-34	complement C6	Homo sapiens	304-307
15866225-6	2005	Blood glucose and serum insulin concentrations were measured every 30 min for 3 h. At the end of the 3-h recovery, blood glucose and serum insulin levels were not different from control levels, indicating that the oral carbohydrate was mostly disposed in the body within 3 h. In addition, GLUT4 and HK II mRNA levels were significantly lowered in the exercised human skeletal muscle in subjects receiving the carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	219-231	hexokinase 2	Homo sapiens	299-304
15866225-7	2005	In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that GLUT4 mRNA and HK II mRNA in the exercised human skeletal muscle were significantly lowered by a high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	153-165	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Homo sapiens	51-56
15866225-7	2005	In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that GLUT4 mRNA and HK II mRNA in the exercised human skeletal muscle were significantly lowered by a high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	153-165	hexokinase 2	Homo sapiens	66-71
8914938-6	1996	The major nitrated peptide on both TNM- and (ONOO-)-exposed SP-A was the tryptic fragment Tyr161-Arg179 (YNTYAYVGLTEGPSPGDFR), located in the SP-A carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	147-159	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	60-64
8987398-3	1996	The carbohydrate initiates interactions with calnexin in the endoplasmic reticulum that facilitate the assembly of MHC class I molecules and their delivery to the cell surface.	Carbohydrates	4-16	calnexin	Homo sapiens	45-53
8900126-7	1996	Glg2p was shown to be associated with carbohydrate in vivo and was released from the high molecular weight glycogen fraction by treatment with alpha-amylase.	Carbohydrates	38-50	glycogenin glucosyltransferase GLG2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-5
15746201-7	2005	CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that the MR+ macrophages, surrounding early decidual glands, are able to internalize ligands for carbohydrate recognition domain of the receptor, including decidual secretory phase mucin TAG-72.	Carbohydrates	130-142	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	42-44
8912663-1	1996	Mannan-binding lectin (MBL), previously called "mannan-binding protein" or MBP, is a plasma C-type lectin which, upon binding to carbohydrate structures on micro-organisms, activates the classical pathway of complement.	Carbohydrates	129-141	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	75-78
15769098-15	2005	With respect to receptor targeting, however, the structure of the carbohydrate moiety plays an important role, leading to dramatically enhanced ligand internalization, especially in the case of [(123)I]Gluc-S-TOCA.	Carbohydrates	66-78	glucosidase, beta, acid	Mus musculus	202-206
8813123-6	1996	Mucin purified from LS-B colon cancer cells is fully glycosylated and bound &gt;40-fold more galectin-3 than mucin purified from clonal cell line LS-C, which produces mucin lacking peripheral carbohydrate structures.	Carbohydrates	192-204	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	0-5
8813123-9	1996	Colon cancer mucin is a newly identified ligand for galectin-3, and binding of galectin-3 to mucins depends on peripheral carbohydrate structures.	Carbohydrates	122-134	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	79-89
8918587-1	1996	Human lung surfactant proteins A (SP-A) and D (SP-D) are both collagenous C-type lectins which appear to mediate antimicrobial activity by binding to carbohydrates on micro-organisms and to receptors on phagocytic cells.	Carbohydrates	150-163	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	11-32
8918587-1	1996	Human lung surfactant proteins A (SP-A) and D (SP-D) are both collagenous C-type lectins which appear to mediate antimicrobial activity by binding to carbohydrates on micro-organisms and to receptors on phagocytic cells.	Carbohydrates	150-163	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	34-45
8918587-2	1996	Purified native SP-A and SP-D, isolated from human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, were found to bind to whole mite extracts (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) and the purified allergen Der p I, in a carbohydrate-specific and calcium-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	196-208	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	16-20
15697247-5	2005	The results showed that MG1 and the salivary agglutinin express the MECA-79 epitope, an unusual sulfated carbohydrate structure that belongs to an important class of high-affinity (endothelial) L-selectin ligands.	Carbohydrates	105-117	mucin 5B, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	24-27
8895333-2	1996	We previously reported that the calcium ionophore A23187 markedly inhibits the carbohydrate response of the S14 gene without inhibiting glucose metabolism.	Carbohydrates	79-91	thyroid hormone responsive	Homo sapiens	108-111
8874203-7	1996	Similarly, the binding of carbohydrate epitops-reactive CD24 MoAb was reduced on both T lymphocytes and granulocytes by pretreatment with phospholipase C, pronase, or neuraminidase.	Carbohydrates	26-38	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	167-180
8879185-1	1996	Surfactant proteins A (SP-A) and D (SP-D) are "collectins": proteins with collagen-like region and lectin domain that bind carbohydrates in a calcium-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	123-136	surfactant protein D	Rattus norvegicus	36-40
15528216-0	2005	Peptides specific to the galectin-3 carbohydrate recognition domain inhibit metastasis-associated cancer cell adhesion.	Carbohydrates	36-48	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	25-35
9239695-0	1996	The role of carbohydrate in sperm-ZP3 adhesion.	Carbohydrates	12-24	zona pellucida glycoprotein 3	Homo sapiens	34-37
8798474-7	1996	In addition, sedimentation equilibrium studies revealed that HL had a molecular mass (with carbohydrate contributions) of 121 kDa.	Carbohydrates	91-103	lipase C, hepatic type	Homo sapiens	61-63
15528216-2	2005	Studies indicate that galectin-3, a member of the galectin family of soluble animal lectins, is involved in carbohydrate-mediated metastatic cell heterotypic (between carcinoma cells and endothelium) and homotypic (between carcinoma cells) adhesion via interactions with the tumor-specific Thomsen-Friedenreich glycoantigen (TFAg).	Carbohydrates	108-120	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	22-32
15528216-3	2005	We hypothesized that blocking the galectin-3 carbohydrate recognition domain with synthetic peptides would significantly reduce metastasis-associated carcinoma cell adhesion.	Carbohydrates	45-57	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	34-44
8877314-7	1996	This article reviews the field of amylin and its role in the physiological regulation of carbohydrate metabolism, and in disease mechanisms associated with insulin resistance in diabetes mellitus, impaired glucose tolerance and essential hypertension.	Carbohydrates	89-101	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	34-40
15528216-4	2005	To test this hypothesis, we identified peptide antagonists of the galectin-3 carbohydrate recognition domain using combinatorial bacteriophage display technology.	Carbohydrates	77-89	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	66-76
15528216-6	2005	Experiments with a series of recombinant serially truncated galectin-3 mutants indicated that the peptides bound the carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-3.	Carbohydrates	117-129	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	60-70
15528216-6	2005	Experiments with a series of recombinant serially truncated galectin-3 mutants indicated that the peptides bound the carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-3.	Carbohydrates	117-129	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	152-162
15528216-8	2005	Synthetic galectin-3 carbohydrate recognition domain-specific peptides blocked the interaction between galectin-3 and TFAg and significantly inhibited rolling and stable heterotypic adhesion of human MDA-MB-435 breast carcinoma cells to endothelial cells under flow conditions, as well as homotypic tumor cell aggregation.	Carbohydrates	21-33	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	10-20
8842677-15	1996	This interaction apparently involves the carbohydrate moiety of mucin molecule and may be rendered vulnerable to disruption by opportunistic bacteria colonizing the oral mucosa.	Carbohydrates	41-53	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	64-69
15528216-8	2005	Synthetic galectin-3 carbohydrate recognition domain-specific peptides blocked the interaction between galectin-3 and TFAg and significantly inhibited rolling and stable heterotypic adhesion of human MDA-MB-435 breast carcinoma cells to endothelial cells under flow conditions, as well as homotypic tumor cell aggregation.	Carbohydrates	21-33	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	103-113
15528216-9	2005	These results demonstrate that carbohydrate-mediated, metastasis-associated tumor cell adhesion could be inhibited efficiently with short synthetic peptides which do not mimic naturally occurring glycoepitopes yet bind to the galectin-3 carbohydrate recognition domain with high affinity and specificity.	Carbohydrates	31-43	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	226-236
15528216-9	2005	These results demonstrate that carbohydrate-mediated, metastasis-associated tumor cell adhesion could be inhibited efficiently with short synthetic peptides which do not mimic naturally occurring glycoepitopes yet bind to the galectin-3 carbohydrate recognition domain with high affinity and specificity.	Carbohydrates	237-249	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	226-236
8984033-6	1996	RESULTS: There was pronounced attenuation of plasma GLP-1 secretion to oral carbohydrate in the obese compared with lean subjects but no such difference in response to oral fat load.	Carbohydrates	76-88	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	52-57
8984033-9	1996	CONCLUSION: Postprandial GLP-1 secretion in response to oral carbohydrate is considerably attenuated in obese subjects.	Carbohydrates	61-73	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	25-30
15591039-8	2005	Taken together, the results suggest that IL-4/13 T helper 2 cytokines and RA can alter the activity of enzymes that synthesize branching mucin carbohydrate structure in airway epithelial cells, potentially leading to altered mucin carbohydrate structure and properties.	Carbohydrates	143-155	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	137-142
15591039-8	2005	Taken together, the results suggest that IL-4/13 T helper 2 cytokines and RA can alter the activity of enzymes that synthesize branching mucin carbohydrate structure in airway epithelial cells, potentially leading to altered mucin carbohydrate structure and properties.	Carbohydrates	143-155	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	225-230
15377643-1	2005	AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) is a highly conserved heterotrimeric kinase that functions as a metabolic master switch to coordinate cellular enzymes involved in carbohydrate and fat metabolism that regulate ATP conservation and synthesis.	Carbohydrates	159-171	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	0-20
8639592-0	1996	Amino acid sequence and carbohydrate structure of a recombinant human tissue factor pathway inhibitor expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells: one N-and two O-linked carbohydrate chains are located between Kunitz domains 2 and 3 and one N-linked carbohydrate chain is in Kunitz domain 2.	Carbohydrates	24-36	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Homo sapiens	70-101
15377643-1	2005	AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) is a highly conserved heterotrimeric kinase that functions as a metabolic master switch to coordinate cellular enzymes involved in carbohydrate and fat metabolism that regulate ATP conservation and synthesis.	Carbohydrates	159-171	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	22-26
15949147-2	2005	The two hydrophilic surfactant components SP-A and SP-D are proteins with collagen-like and lectin domains (collectins) able to interact with carbohydrate-containing ligands present on microbial membranes, and with defined regions of LPS.	Carbohydrates	142-154	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	42-46
8621934-1	1996	Galectin-3 is a member of a growing family of animal lectins composed of three domains, with the amino-terminal half consisting of a short segment followed by tandem repeats, and the carboxyl-terminal half representing the carbohydrate-recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	223-235	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
8621934-6	1996	We conclude that galectin-3 induces neutrophil adhesion to laminin through a combination of two distinct mechanisms: 1) the lectin bridges neutrophils to laminin, in a carbohydrate-dependent and Ca2+-, Mg2+-independent manner, and 2) the lectin induces activation of neutrophils, in the presence of the divalent cations, resulting in the positive regulation of other cell adhesion molecules and enhanced adhesion to laminin.	Carbohydrates	168-180	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	17-27
15488944-2	2005	During malignancy, epithelial tissues regularly display elevated levels of MUC1 in a non-polar fashion and in an underglycosylated form, exposing cryptic peptide and carbohydrate epitopes.	Carbohydrates	166-178	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	75-79
8700908-1	1996	Recent studies have demonstrated that the overexpression of the c-myc gene in the liver of transgenic mice leads to an increase in both utilization and accumulation of glucose in the liver, suggesting that c-Myc transcription factor is involved in the control of liver carbohydrate metabolism in vivo.	Carbohydrates	269-281	myelocytomatosis oncogene	Mus musculus	66-69
8700908-1	1996	Recent studies have demonstrated that the overexpression of the c-myc gene in the liver of transgenic mice leads to an increase in both utilization and accumulation of glucose in the liver, suggesting that c-Myc transcription factor is involved in the control of liver carbohydrate metabolism in vivo.	Carbohydrates	269-281	myelocytomatosis oncogene	Mus musculus	208-211
15308471-3	2004	Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid produced during carbohydrate fermentation, has been shown to increase mucin secretion.	Carbohydrates	51-63	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	105-110
8771910-1	1996	Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) or amylin is a 37 amino-acid peptide involved in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	82-94	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	27-31
8771910-1	1996	Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) or amylin is a 37 amino-acid peptide involved in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	82-94	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	36-42
8737213-5	1996	Analysis of the mean (SD) differences in heart rate between fasting and the post-prandial state for the different meals revealed a significant increase between water and the other meals, fat (+4(6) beats.min-1 P &lt; 0.002), balanced (+9(17) beats.min-1 P &lt; 0.004), and carbohydrate (+10(12) beats.min-1 P &lt; 0.0002).	Carbohydrates	273-285	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	187-190
15232286-4	2004	These results combined suggest that both PSA and HNK-1 carbohydrate epitopes are synthesized and may have an important role in the adult peripheral vestibular endorgans.	Carbohydrates	55-67	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-54
8868475-8	1996	To experimentally address the putative homology of ERGIC-53 to leguminous lectins, a highly conserved protein family with an invariant asparagine essential for carbohydrate binding, we substituted the corresponding asparagine in ERGIC-53.	Carbohydrates	160-172	lectin, mannose binding 1	Homo sapiens	51-59
15261465-11	2004	Furthermore, when the extracellular domains of CD19 were expressed in E. coli, mAbs to the bacterially-expressed product did not recognize CD19 on porcine B cells suggesting that carbohydrate-dependent conformation may determine antigenicity.	Carbohydrates	179-191	CD19 molecule	Homo sapiens	47-51
8617281-3	1996	The buoyant densities measured in CsCl gradients for MUC1 glycoforms from cancer cells revealed heterogeneity of the physicochemical species and a significant reduction of their carbohydrate contents compared to MUC1 from skim milk.	Carbohydrates	178-190	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	53-57
15188177-11	2004	CONCLUSIONS: These findings are consistent with a role of hepatocystin in carbohydrate processing and quality control of newly synthesized glycoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum.	Carbohydrates	74-86	protein kinase C substrate 80K-H	Homo sapiens	58-70
8882410-10	1996	Thus, DN4 seemed to have a considerable amount of carbohydrate group.	Carbohydrates	50-62	immunoglobulin heavy diversity 6-6	Homo sapiens	6-9
15148384-7	2004	However, analyses of ghrl(-/-) mice demonstrate that endogenous ghrelin plays a prominent role in determining the type of metabolic substrate (i.e., fat vs. carbohydrate) that is used for maintenance of energy balance, particularly under conditions of high fat intake.	Carbohydrates	157-169	ghrelin	Mus musculus	64-71
15100290-5	2004	Also, when another carbohydrate was present in CDR1, CDR2, or CDR3 of the L chain, the V(H) CDR2 glycan remained high mannose.	Carbohydrates	19-31	CDR3	Homo sapiens	62-66
7595054-8	1995	The same saccharides that disrupt CD87/CR3 coupling (NADG, D-mannose, and mannoside) inhibit PMN chemotaxis.	Carbohydrates	9-20	teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1 pseudogene 3	Homo sapiens	39-42
8806782-5	1996	On the other hand, an increase in the .NO/O2.- value resulted in nitration of SP-A tyrosine residues, located in the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), and decreased the ability of SP-A to aggregate lipids and bind mannose, two functions that require an intact CRD.	Carbohydrates	117-129	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	78-82
8809027-0	1996	Peripheral alpha-linked N-acetylglucosamine on the carbohydrate moiety of mucin derived from mammalian gastric gland mucous cells: epitope recognized by a newly characterized monoclonal antibody.	Carbohydrates	51-63	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	74-79
8595254-0	1995	Analysis of serine/threonine-linked oligosaccharides derived by alkaline-borohydride treatment of mucin glycoproteins electroblotted onto membranes: comparison of the saccharide profiles of the 390 kDa and 350 kDa forms of epitectin.	Carbohydrates	41-51	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	98-103
7665621-2	1995	The carbohydrate response element (ChoRE) of the S14 gene was found to consist of two motifs related to the consensus binding site for the c-myc family of transcription factors, CACGTG.	Carbohydrates	4-16	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Rattus norvegicus	139-144
8809027-6	1996	These results, as well as the immunohistochemical observations, indicate that alpha-linked N-acetylglucosamine residues are specifically attached to the peripheral region of the carbohydrate moiety of the mucin synthesized in and secreted from the gastric-gland-type cells, and indicate that the monoclonal antibody HIK 1083 recognizes this structure.	Carbohydrates	178-190	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	205-210
15006378-3	2004	SPR showed inhibition values 2-3 times stronger than galactose and NMR studies suggested real carbohydrate mimicry.	Carbohydrates	94-106	sepiapterin reductase	Homo sapiens	0-3
8877314-3	1996	Amylin elicits potent effects on carbohydrate metabolism in rodent tissues, causing insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and liver.	Carbohydrates	33-45	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	0-6
8877314-5	1996	These exert biological effects similar to those of amylin on the organs primarily responsible for the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	116-128	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	51-57
14967177-5	2004	Published studies have shown that these carbohydrate elements may alter recognition of hCG in different serum and urine hCG tests.	Carbohydrates	40-52	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	87-90
8812110-4	1996	The inhibitory effect of HB-GAM on cell proliferation was reversed by heparin, suggesting that HB-GAM may bind to a heparin-type carbohydrate epitope that is required for cell proliferation in the developing limb.	Carbohydrates	129-141	pleiotrophin	Rattus norvegicus	25-31
8812110-4	1996	The inhibitory effect of HB-GAM on cell proliferation was reversed by heparin, suggesting that HB-GAM may bind to a heparin-type carbohydrate epitope that is required for cell proliferation in the developing limb.	Carbohydrates	129-141	pleiotrophin	Rattus norvegicus	95-101
8987547-3	1996	SEP had high contents of acidic amino acids (320-340 residues/1000 residues) containing cysteic acid (101-108 residues) converted from cystine, a small amount of saccharides, a main molecular weight of 12,000-22,000 and pI 4.2-4.8.	Carbohydrates	162-173	membrane metalloendopeptidase like 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
7639696-2	1995	The carbohydrate content of MG1 derived from palatal (PAL), submandibular (SM) and sublingual (SL) saliva was typical of mucins but showed heterogeneity, especially in the amount of sialic acid and sulphated sugar residues.	Carbohydrates	4-16	mucin 5B, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	28-31
7543523-6	1995	Glycosylation analysis of purified 33-kDa proMBP indicated that approximately 5 kDa is likely accounted for by the addition of one glycosaminoglycan group, three O-linked, and one N-linked complex type carbohydrate groups.	Carbohydrates	202-214	proteoglycan 2, pro eosinophil major basic protein	Homo sapiens	42-48
14967177-5	2004	Published studies have shown that these carbohydrate elements may alter recognition of hCG in different serum and urine hCG tests.	Carbohydrates	40-52	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	120-123
8690123-13	1996	Therefore, expression of cross-reactive MUC8 mucin epitopes in reproductive tract tissues may contribute to the development of low affinity, carbohydrate-specific, agglutinating antisperm antibodies in the genital tract.	Carbohydrates	141-153	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	45-50
15482253-3	2004	The MR binds carbohydrate moieties on several pathogens, such as bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses, and, therefore, is considered a pattern recognition receptor (PRR).	Carbohydrates	13-25	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	4-6
8889806-4	1996	In adipose tissue of rats fed a carbohydrate diet without protein, the mRNA concentrations of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, ATP-citrate lyase, malic enzyme, and fatty acid synthase reached comparable levels to those of the carbohydrate/protein diet group.	Carbohydrates	32-44	ATP citrate lyase	Rattus norvegicus	118-135
7648429-3	1995	The protein contained some associated carbohydrate (20 mol hexose equiv/mol proteinase).	Carbohydrates	38-50	endogenous retrovirus group K member 21, envelope	Homo sapiens	76-86
8889806-4	1996	In adipose tissue of rats fed a carbohydrate diet without protein, the mRNA concentrations of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, ATP-citrate lyase, malic enzyme, and fatty acid synthase reached comparable levels to those of the carbohydrate/protein diet group.	Carbohydrates	32-44	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	155-174
15001841-4	2004	Docking of this molecule onto the P-selectin carbohydrate-binding site demonstrated that a nitro group enabled an electrostatic interaction with residue Lys 84, while the phenyl ring and the CH2 at C-6 contacted the CH2 groups of the same Lys residue.	Carbohydrates	45-57	complement C6	Homo sapiens	198-201
8878037-4	1996	Inactivation of the ccpA gene in the genome of S. xylosus relieved the activities of three enzymes, alpha-glucosidase, beta-glucuronidase, and beta-galactosidase, from cataboilte repression by several carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	201-214	beta-galactosidase	Staphylococcus xylosus	143-161
7540667-6	1995	Western blots indicate the presence of immunologically similar proteins in a wide variety of insect species and in nac (neurally altered carbohydrate) mutant Drosophila flies that lack anti-HRP staining in adult nervous system.	Carbohydrates	137-149	neuronally altered carbohydrate	Drosophila melanogaster	115-118
14976987-4	2004	We used the technique to directly and unambiguously demonstrate that carbohydrates attached to 120 kDA APN are in fact binding epitopes for Cry1Ac toxin.	Carbohydrates	69-82	alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane	Homo sapiens	103-106
7477903-16	1995	6B4 proteoglycan is a brain-specific chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan which carries keratan sulfate and HNK-1 carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	110-123	protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type Z1	Rattus norvegicus	0-16
7477903-16	1995	6B4 proteoglycan is a brain-specific chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan which carries keratan sulfate and HNK-1 carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	110-123	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	104-109
8872089-5	1996	Radioiodinated SP-A, stored at 4 degrees C, retained carbohydrate binding activity after labeling.	Carbohydrates	53-65	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	15-19
14976987-6	2004	We analyzed the various glycans on the 120 kDA APN using carbohydrate compositional analysis and lectin binding.	Carbohydrates	57-69	alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane	Homo sapiens	47-50
12972438-0	2004	Carbohydrate intake during endurance exercise increases natural killer cell responsiveness to IL-2.	Carbohydrates	0-12	interleukin-2	Cricetulus griseus	94-98
8877376-3	1996	The carbohydrate-recognition domain of RHL-2/3 has been prepared by limited proteolysis of the liver receptor so that its properties can be compared with those of the corresponding domain of RHL-1 previously produced in a bacterial expression system.	Carbohydrates	4-16	asialoglycoprotein receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	39-46
14702113-8	2004	These results suggest that IGF-1 plays a role in maintaining a fine balance between GH and insulin to promote normal carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	117-129	insulin-like growth factor 1	Mus musculus	27-32
8647922-1	1996	Galectin-3 is a Mr 30,000 protein with carbohydrate-binding specificity for type I and II ABH blood group epitopes and polylactosamine glycans expressed on cell surface and extracellular matrix glycoproteins such as laminin.	Carbohydrates	39-51	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
7601149-0	1995	The saccharide chain of lupin seed conglutin gamma is not responsible for the protection of the native protein from degradation by trypsin, but facilitates the refolding of the acid-treated protein to the resistant conformation.	Carbohydrates	4-14	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IIIA	Homo sapiens	24-29
14965188-3	2004	During exercise, AMPK becomes activated in skeletal muscle in response to changes in cellular energy status (e.g. increased adenosine monophosphate [AMP]/adenosine triphosphate [ATP] and creatine/phosphocreatine ratios) in an intensity-dependent manner, and serves to inhibit ATP-consuming pathways, and activate pathways involved in carbohydrate and fatty-acid metabolism to restore ATP levels.	Carbohydrates	334-346	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	17-21
7755570-6	1995	Observation of enthalpy-entropy compensation for the recognition of saccharides such as lactose by L-14 and the absence of it for monosaccharides such as galactose, together with the lack of appreciable changes in the heat capacity (delta Cp), indicate that reorganization of water plays an important role in these reactions.	Carbohydrates	68-79	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-17	Homo sapiens	99-103
9239284-3	1996	The objective of the present review is to show some specific examples of dietary and hormonal regulation of enzyme genes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates (phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase), lipids (malic enzyme) and amino acids (serine dehydratase).	Carbohydrates	151-164	serine dehydratase	Homo sapiens	242-260
15108431-8	2004	The HbA1 test is more sensitive than GT and fasting glucose tests in detection of abnormal carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	91-103	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	4-8
8842708-9	1996	The inactivation of the nonessential ALG3 gene results in the accumulation of lipid-linked Man5GlcNac2 and protein-bound carbohydrates which are completely Endo H resistant.	Carbohydrates	121-134	dolichyl-P-Man:Man(5)GlcNAc(2)-PP-dolichol alpha-1,3-mannosyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	37-41
8647622-7	1996	The existence of mutually exclusive carbohydrate epitopes on different MUC1 mucins in one and the same patient should be taken into account when designing immunoassays exploiting MUC1-reactive antibodies.	Carbohydrates	36-48	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	71-75
8647622-7	1996	The existence of mutually exclusive carbohydrate epitopes on different MUC1 mucins in one and the same patient should be taken into account when designing immunoassays exploiting MUC1-reactive antibodies.	Carbohydrates	36-48	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	179-183
7672355-0	1995	Amylin regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	21-33	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	0-6
7672355-1	1995	This review describes how amylin may work in the control of carbohydrate metabolism by actions on gastric emptying and on muscle glycogen metabolism.	Carbohydrates	60-72	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	26-32
7672355-2	1995	Amylin, which is co-secreted with insulin from pancreatic beta-cells in response to nutrient stimuli, affects both carbohydrate absorption and carbohydrate disposal.	Carbohydrates	115-127	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	0-6
14679514-3	2003	The advantages of the PTMSEL linker are demonstrated in the synthesis of glycopeptides from the liver intestine (LI)-cadherin and the mucin MUC1, bearing carbohydrate moieties such as N-linked chitobiose or O-linked sialyl-T(N)-residues.	Carbohydrates	154-166	cadherin 17	Homo sapiens	96-125
7672355-2	1995	Amylin, which is co-secreted with insulin from pancreatic beta-cells in response to nutrient stimuli, affects both carbohydrate absorption and carbohydrate disposal.	Carbohydrates	143-155	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	0-6
7672355-3	1995	Amylin appears to regulate carbohydrate metabolism as a partner to insulin.	Carbohydrates	27-39	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	0-6
7672355-13	1995	Amylin may also help to control carbohydrate absorption via an "entero-insular loop" to ensure that absorption from the gut remains within the regulatory limits for carbohydrate disposal by peripheral tissues.	Carbohydrates	32-44	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	0-6
7672355-13	1995	Amylin may also help to control carbohydrate absorption via an "entero-insular loop" to ensure that absorption from the gut remains within the regulatory limits for carbohydrate disposal by peripheral tissues.	Carbohydrates	165-177	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	0-6
8634249-1	1996	Galectin-3 is a member of a newly defined family of animal lectins, which is composed of three domains: a small amino-terminal domain, a domain containing repeating elements, and a carboxyl-terminal domain containing the carbohydrate-recognition site.	Carbohydrates	221-233	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
14678989-2	2003	Here, we report that secreted extracellular Gal-3 can signal apoptosis of human T leukemia cell lines, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and activated mouse T cells after binding to cell surface glycoconjugate receptors through carbohydrate-dependent interactions because the apoptotic effect was found to be inhibited by lactose, specific sugar inhibitor, and to be dose dependent.	Carbohydrates	236-248	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	44-49
8613039-0	1996	Enhanced sialylation of mucin-associated carbohydrate structures in human colon cancer metastasis.	Carbohydrates	41-53	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	24-29
8613039-2	1996	The aim of this study was to determine whether metastatic potential depends on specific alterations in mucin-associated carbohydrate structures.	Carbohydrates	120-132	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	103-108
7787299-6	1995	Approximately 7.2% of carbohydrate from PAS-4 was composed of mannose, galactose (Gal), N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), and sialic acid, most of the Gal and GalNAc in PAS-4 being released after mild alkaline hydrolysis.	Carbohydrates	22-34	PAS-4	Bos taurus	40-45
7787299-6	1995	Approximately 7.2% of carbohydrate from PAS-4 was composed of mannose, galactose (Gal), N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), and sialic acid, most of the Gal and GalNAc in PAS-4 being released after mild alkaline hydrolysis.	Carbohydrates	22-34	PAS-4	Bos taurus	188-193
8613039-3	1996	METHODS: A quantitative scoring system was used to examine the expression of mucin-associated carbohydrates in paired human primary colon cancers and metastases and in cecal tumors and liver metastases from an animal model of metastasis.	Carbohydrates	94-107	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	77-82
14677880-1	2003	Nonfiber carbohydrates (NFC) encompass a compositionally and nutritionally diverse group exclusive of those carbohydrates found in NDF.	Carbohydrates	9-22	neuregulin 1	Homo sapiens	131-134
8613039-9	1996	CONCLUSIONS: Increased sialylation of mucin-associated carbohydrates is characteristic of colon cancer cells that are most likely to metastasize.	Carbohydrates	55-68	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	38-43
8613039-10	1996	Sialylated carbohydrate structures on mucin play a role in adhesive interactions involving both basement membrane and endothelial-associated ligands.	Carbohydrates	11-23	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	38-43
7750897-8	1995	During the suckling-weaning transition, insulin receptor mRNA level decreased 2-fold in rats weaned onto a high carbohydrate diet but remained unchanged in rats weaned onto a high fat diet.	Carbohydrates	112-124	insulin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	40-56
7762796-0	1995	Use of factorial experimental design to delineate the strong calcium- and pH-dependent changes in binding of human surfactant protein-A to neutral glycosphingolipids--a model for studies of protein-carbohydrate interactions.	Carbohydrates	198-210	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	115-135
8619204-8	1996	The metabolic parameters that reflect carbohydrate metabolism by the graft paralleled the changes in HGF.	Carbohydrates	38-50	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	101-104
14677880-1	2003	Nonfiber carbohydrates (NFC) encompass a compositionally and nutritionally diverse group exclusive of those carbohydrates found in NDF.	Carbohydrates	108-121	neuregulin 1	Homo sapiens	131-134
15075468-2	2003	The dynamic and insightful research endeavors implemented at the Medical School of Bialystok revealed new information regarding enzymatic pathways of mucin synthesis especially its carbohydrate components such as hexosamines.	Carbohydrates	181-193	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	150-155
8621567-8	1996	Analysis of the SM30 amino acid sequences indicates that a portion of SM30 proteins is very similar to the carbohydrate recognition domain of C-type lectin proteins.	Carbohydrates	107-119	30 kDa spicule matrix protein alpha	Strongylocentrotus purpuratus	16-20
8621567-8	1996	Analysis of the SM30 amino acid sequences indicates that a portion of SM30 proteins is very similar to the carbohydrate recognition domain of C-type lectin proteins.	Carbohydrates	107-119	30 kDa spicule matrix protein alpha	Strongylocentrotus purpuratus	70-74
8631744-3	1996	Five regions of E-selectin that differ in sequence from the corresponding regions of MBP have been introduced into the carbohydrate-recognition domain of MBP.	Carbohydrates	119-131	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	85-88
8631744-3	1996	Five regions of E-selectin that differ in sequence from the corresponding regions of MBP have been introduced into the carbohydrate-recognition domain of MBP.	Carbohydrates	119-131	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	154-157
14666735-1	2003	Mannan-binding protein (MBP) is a C-type lectin, which binds to carbohydrates on the surface of some microorganisms and kills them through the activation of complement.	Carbohydrates	64-77	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	0-22
7576485-1	1995	Calnexin: a molecular chaperone with a taste for carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	49-61	calnexin	Homo sapiens	0-8
7775854-12	1995	By contrast, adult rats subjected to fasting and refeeding a high carbohydrate diet, demonstrated concordant modulation of endogenous apoB mRNA editing and REPR mRNA abundance (r = 0.92, P &lt; 0.001).	Carbohydrates	66-78	apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	156-160
14666735-1	2003	Mannan-binding protein (MBP) is a C-type lectin, which binds to carbohydrates on the surface of some microorganisms and kills them through the activation of complement.	Carbohydrates	64-77	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	24-27
8636121-1	1996	The M344 tumor-associated antigen, expressed in 70% of superficial bladder tumors, is a sialylated carbohydrate present on a high molecular mass thiol-reducible secreted mucin, which we named MAUB for mucin antigen of the urinary bladder.	Carbohydrates	99-111	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	170-175
8636121-1	1996	The M344 tumor-associated antigen, expressed in 70% of superficial bladder tumors, is a sialylated carbohydrate present on a high molecular mass thiol-reducible secreted mucin, which we named MAUB for mucin antigen of the urinary bladder.	Carbohydrates	99-111	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	201-206
12937289-3	2003	GLUT2 was located in the basolateral membrane of mice fed a meal devoid of sugar or containing complex carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	103-116	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 2	Mus musculus	0-5
8639509-10	1996	Metabolic pulse-chase labeling studies of U373-MG astroglioma cells indicated that turnover of the carbohydrate on alphaB-crystallin is not static but proceeds many-fold more rapidly than turnover of the protein backbone itself, consistent with a regulatory role for O-GlcNAc on this small heat shock protein.	Carbohydrates	99-111	crystallin, alpha B	Rattus norvegicus	115-132
8598545-8	1996	In liver, refeeding the high carbohydrate diet induced the expression of ACC, FAS and S14 mRNA 20-30 fold compared with the values found in 48-h starved animals.	Carbohydrates	29-41	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
7873598-4	1995	The characteristics features of the carbohydrate-recognition domain of C-type animal lectin were revealed at C-terminal sequence of hemocytin.	Carbohydrates	36-48	hemocytin	Bombyx mori	132-141
7849022-4	1995	This carbohydrate or part of it appears to be required to maintain the native conformation of the polypeptide and its ability to bind CD58.	Carbohydrates	5-17	CD58 molecule	Homo sapiens	134-138
12913002-0	2003	Crystal structure of trimeric carbohydrate recognition and neck domains of surfactant protein A.	Carbohydrates	30-42	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	75-95
7697930-9	1995	IgAN displayed an enhanced production of IgA reacting with mesangial matrix components vs CGN (p &lt; 0.03) and U (p &lt; 0.0003) groups and showed altered interactions with positively charged molecules (poly-L-Lysine, p &lt; 0.01) and carbohydrate residues (jacalin p &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	236-248	IGAN1	Homo sapiens	0-4
7697930-10	1995	In IgAN there is an increased circulation of altered IgA favouring the formation of macromolecular IgA, including true IgAIC or IgA aggregated by carbohydrate interactions.	Carbohydrates	146-158	IGAN1	Homo sapiens	3-7
8729137-4	1996	Fat substitutes are made from either carbohydrate, protein, or fat, or a combination of these components.	Carbohydrates	37-49	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
8729137-7	1996	However, individuals compensate for the caloric deficit created by the fat substitutes by increasing their consumption of other macronutrients, primarily carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	154-166	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	71-74
12913002-2	2003	SP-A exhibits both calcium-dependent carbohydrate binding, a characteristic of the collectin family, and specific interactions with lipid membrane components.	Carbohydrates	37-49	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	0-4
7822419-3	1995	Calnexin might bind selectively to carbohydrates within glycoproteins, or to hydrophobic surfaces of secretory proteins while they form proper disulfide bonds (Wada, I., W.-J.	Carbohydrates	35-48	calnexin	Homo sapiens	0-8
9064281-5	1996	Similar to the UCHL1 epitope, the BL-TSub/2 binding site involves carbohydrate moieties, since neuraminidase treatment abrogated the reactivity of the MAb.	Carbohydrates	66-78	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	95-108
12913002-3	2003	The crystal structure of the trimeric carbohydrate recognition domain and neck domain of SP-A was solved to 2.1-A resolution with multiwavelength anomalous dispersion phasing from samarium.	Carbohydrates	38-50	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	89-93
12913002-5	2003	The interdomain carbohydrate recognition domain-neck angle is significantly less in SP-A than in the homologous collectins, surfactant protein D, and mannose-binding protein.	Carbohydrates	16-28	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	84-88
7551253-2	1995	This provides the basis for our development of synthetic carbohydrate, peptide, and glycopeptide-based ASI agents corresponding to the cancer-associated mucin epitopes.	Carbohydrates	57-69	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	153-158
12794084-1	2003	The affinity of maltose-binding protein (MBP) for maltose and related carbohydrates was greatly increased by removal of groups in the interface opposite the ligand binding cleft.	Carbohydrates	70-83	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	16-39
8929577-7	1996	These results suggest that muscle GLUT-4 protein concentration, as well as factors relating to glucose disposal, may affect postexercise glycogen storage in humans fed adequate carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	177-189	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Homo sapiens	34-40
12794084-1	2003	The affinity of maltose-binding protein (MBP) for maltose and related carbohydrates was greatly increased by removal of groups in the interface opposite the ligand binding cleft.	Carbohydrates	70-83	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	41-44
8627168-0	1996	Human vascular adhesion protein 1 (VAP-1) is a unique sialoglycoprotein that mediates carbohydrate-dependent binding of lymphocytes to endothelial cells.	Carbohydrates	86-98	amine oxidase copper containing 3	Homo sapiens	35-40
7757000-5	1994	We extend the earlier findings on the glycosylation of HMG-1 by quantitating the amount of carbohydrate on HMG-1 from calf thymus and chicken erythrocytes isolated by 2 different purification procedures.	Carbohydrates	91-103	high mobility group box 1	Bos taurus	55-60
7757000-5	1994	We extend the earlier findings on the glycosylation of HMG-1 by quantitating the amount of carbohydrate on HMG-1 from calf thymus and chicken erythrocytes isolated by 2 different purification procedures.	Carbohydrates	91-103	high mobility group box 1	Bos taurus	107-112
14601401-4	2003	A structural model of the ACE domains is suggested, which allows us to reveal the structural subdomain important for the protein stability and localize the hydrophobic and the carbohydrate-binding sites.	Carbohydrates	176-188	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Bos taurus	26-29
8924200-3	1996	The starting points for energy minimization were generated based on a framework that consists of a number of separated segments derived from the structure-known carbohydrate-recognition domain of the mannose-binding protein (MBP), which belongs to the same C-type lectin family as the selectin molecules do.	Carbohydrates	161-173	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	200-223
8924200-3	1996	The starting points for energy minimization were generated based on a framework that consists of a number of separated segments derived from the structure-known carbohydrate-recognition domain of the mannose-binding protein (MBP), which belongs to the same C-type lectin family as the selectin molecules do.	Carbohydrates	161-173	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	225-228
8745401-2	1996	CD23 specifically interacts in a calcium-dependent manner, "lectin-like" with carbohydrate moieties expressed on CD21 and CD11b/c, but also "lectin-unlike" with protein epitopes on IgE.	Carbohydrates	78-90	Fc epsilon receptor II	Homo sapiens	0-4
12942071-5	2003	In one configuration, a beta-cyclodextrin-QSY9 dark quencher conjugate bound in the MBP saccharide binding site results in fluorescence resonance energy-transfer (FRET) quenching of QD photoluminescence.	Carbohydrates	88-98	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	84-87
8777139-2	1996	The carbohydrate moieties of hCG are required for biological activity, but not for binding to the gonadotropin receptors.	Carbohydrates	4-16	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	29-32
8777139-7	1996	These results suggest that several structural aspects of NeuAc including carbon side chain, an intact ring structure, and the position of NeuAc relative to other carbohydrate residues are important for full biological activity of hCG.	Carbohydrates	162-174	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	230-233
7918455-14	1994	Changes in the carbohydrate moiety of apo(a), however, do not affect complex formation.	Carbohydrates	15-27	lipoprotein(a)	Homo sapiens	38-44
12954207-11	2003	Thus, carbohydrates that flank receptor-binding regions on gp120 protect primary HIV-1 isolates from antibody-mediated neutralization.	Carbohydrates	6-19	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	59-64
7930727-7	1994	These results suggest that Fc gamma RIIa polymorphism may contribute to increased susceptibility to infections with encapsulated bacteria in a childhood population with low IgG2 anti-carbohydrate antibodies.	Carbohydrates	183-195	Fc gamma receptor IIa	Homo sapiens	27-40
8557357-11	1996	Binding to human nasal mucin occurs in part via specific adhesin-receptor interactions involving bacterial proteins and the carbohydrate moiety in mucin.	Carbohydrates	124-136	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	23-28
8557357-11	1996	Binding to human nasal mucin occurs in part via specific adhesin-receptor interactions involving bacterial proteins and the carbohydrate moiety in mucin.	Carbohydrates	124-136	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	147-152
12899616-0	2003	Molecular characterization of binding of calcium and carbohydrates by an early activation antigen of lymphocytes CD69.	Carbohydrates	53-66	CD69 molecule	Homo sapiens	113-117
8547303-8	1995	Carbohydrate content of MUC1, as isolated from milk of human, bovine and guinea pig, is approximately 50%.	Carbohydrates	0-12	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	24-28
7945335-7	1994	The protocol described in this paper was effective in producing monoclonal antibodies that recognize mucin-carbohydrates and some of the generated antibodies can be applied to the detection of cancers.	Carbohydrates	107-120	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	101-106
7945678-5	1994	The lipogenic enzymes could be grouped in two categories according to their sensitivity to dietary carbohydrate: FAS and CCE responded faster to smaller changes in dietary composition, while ME, G6PDH and PGDH required larger changes and more time to respond.	Carbohydrates	99-111	ATP citrate lyase	Rattus norvegicus	121-124
7945678-5	1994	The lipogenic enzymes could be grouped in two categories according to their sensitivity to dietary carbohydrate: FAS and CCE responded faster to smaller changes in dietary composition, while ME, G6PDH and PGDH required larger changes and more time to respond.	Carbohydrates	99-111	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	195-200
7945678-5	1994	The lipogenic enzymes could be grouped in two categories according to their sensitivity to dietary carbohydrate: FAS and CCE responded faster to smaller changes in dietary composition, while ME, G6PDH and PGDH required larger changes and more time to respond.	Carbohydrates	99-111	15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	205-209
8526926-8	1995	The results presented here shows that galectin-3 may act as a RNA-binding protein in the nuclear matrix in a non-carbohydrate-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	113-125	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	38-48
12899616-7	2003	These studies explain the importance of calcium for recognition of carbohydrates by CD69 and provide an important paradigm for the role of weak interactions in the immune system.	Carbohydrates	67-80	CD69 molecule	Homo sapiens	84-88
12966079-3	2003	Recombinant ST6Gal II exhibited alpha2,6-sialyltransferase activity toward oligosaccharides that have the Galbeta1,4GlcNAc sequence at the nonreducing end of their carbohydrate groups, but it exhibited relatively low and no activity toward some glycoproteins and glycolipids, respectively.	Carbohydrates	164-176	beta galactoside alpha 2,6 sialyltransferase 2	Mus musculus	12-21
7498664-6	1995	RESULTS: Carbohydrate infusion in the ileum, but not in the proximal colon, increased amylase secretion and plasma peptide YY, slowed gastric emptying of liquids and solids, slowed small intestinal transit, and decreased bile acid delivery into the duodenum (P &lt; 0.05 in each).	Carbohydrates	9-21	peptide YY	Canis lupus familiaris	115-125
7997158-8	1994	Pretreatment of the target tissues with Proteinase K decreased the gonococcal binding dramatically, whereas pretreatment with neuraminidase and meta-periodate, which cleave carbon-carbon linkages between vicinal hydroxyl groups in carbohydrates, did not affect attachment of gonococci.	Carbohydrates	231-244	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	126-139
12840200-0	2003	Cholecystokinin-A receptors are involved in food intake suppression in rats after intake of all fats and carbohydrates tested.	Carbohydrates	105-118	cholecystokinin A receptor	Rattus norvegicus	0-27
7988077-3	1994	Lp(a) was also found to be related to carbohydrate metabolism, and increased Lp(a) levels have been described in diabetic patients with clinical complications and were recently found in rheumatoid arthritis patients.	Carbohydrates	38-50	lipoprotein(a)	Homo sapiens	0-5
7517997-2	1994	Four different carbohydrate epitopes are expressed by sensory afferents on their 130 kDa surface proteins: all sensory afferents share a common carbohydrate epitope (CE0) that helps them to enter and project diffusely across the synaptic neuropil; a restricted expression of three other carbohydrate epitopes (CE1, CE2, and CE3) serves to distinguish three subsets of sensory afferents.	Carbohydrates	15-27	carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens	310-313
7517997-2	1994	Four different carbohydrate epitopes are expressed by sensory afferents on their 130 kDa surface proteins: all sensory afferents share a common carbohydrate epitope (CE0) that helps them to enter and project diffusely across the synaptic neuropil; a restricted expression of three other carbohydrate epitopes (CE1, CE2, and CE3) serves to distinguish three subsets of sensory afferents.	Carbohydrates	144-156	carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens	310-313
8581773-5	1995	It is concluded that: 1) a low fat to carbohydrate oxidation ratio or an abnormal fat oxidation is difficult to define quantitatively since it is largely influenced by the energy level and the composition of the diet.	Carbohydrates	38-50	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	31-34
7642568-1	1995	Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a member of the C-type lectin superfamily with four distinct structural domains: an amino terminus involved in forming intermolecular disulfides, a collagen-like domain, a neck region, and a carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	222-234	surfactant protein D	Rattus norvegicus	0-20
7642568-1	1995	Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a member of the C-type lectin superfamily with four distinct structural domains: an amino terminus involved in forming intermolecular disulfides, a collagen-like domain, a neck region, and a carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	222-234	surfactant protein D	Rattus norvegicus	22-26
12840200-1	2003	The hypothesis of these studies was that all fats and carbohydrates suppress food intake, at least in part, via cholecystokinin-A receptors (CCKAR).	Carbohydrates	54-67	cholecystokinin A receptor	Rattus norvegicus	112-139
12840200-1	2003	The hypothesis of these studies was that all fats and carbohydrates suppress food intake, at least in part, via cholecystokinin-A receptors (CCKAR).	Carbohydrates	54-67	cholecystokinin A receptor	Rattus norvegicus	141-146
7629496-4	1995	5E6 is a type II integral membrane protein with an extracellular carbohydrate recognition domain characteristic of C-type (Ca(2+)-dependent) animal lectins.	Carbohydrates	65-77	killer cell lectin-like receptor, subfamily A, member 3	Mus musculus	0-3
12840200-7	2003	We conclude that CCKAR play a role in food intake suppression caused by all fats and carbohydrates, but their role is dependent upon the composition of the fat or carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	85-98	cholecystokinin A receptor	Rattus norvegicus	17-22
12840200-7	2003	We conclude that CCKAR play a role in food intake suppression caused by all fats and carbohydrates, but their role is dependent upon the composition of the fat or carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	85-97	cholecystokinin A receptor	Rattus norvegicus	17-22
7525469-2	1994	Five MAbs(MA-452, -456, -459, -474 and -476) showed reduced binding with DGZP3 beta and RCMZP3 beta as compared to ZP3 beta in ELISA suggesting that these may recognize either carbohydrate moities or conformation dependent epitopes.	Carbohydrates	176-188	zona pellucida glycoprotein 3	Homo sapiens	75-83
12754287-1	2003	Mucin O-glycosylation in cancer is characterized by aberrant expression of immature carbohydrate structures leading to exposure of simple mucin-type carbohydrate antigens and peptide epitopes.	Carbohydrates	84-96	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	0-5
7782337-0	1995	Altered carbohydrate recognition specificity engineered into surfactant protein D reveals different binding mechanisms for phosphatidylinositol and glucosylceramide.	Carbohydrates	8-20	surfactant protein D	Rattus norvegicus	61-81
7782337-2	1995	We have previously reported that the carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-D plays an essential role in lipid binding.	Carbohydrates	37-49	surfactant protein D	Rattus norvegicus	72-76
7782337-3	1995	However, it is unclear how the carbohydrate binding property of SP-D contributes to the lipid binding.	Carbohydrates	31-43	surfactant protein D	Rattus norvegicus	64-68
7782337-5	1995	The indicated mutations have previously been shown to change the carbohydrate binding specificity of surfactant protein A and mannose-binding protein from mannose &gt; galactose to the converse.	Carbohydrates	65-77	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	101-121
7981038-3	1994	Bombyx PTTH is a 30 kDa homodimeric glycoprotein, whose carbohydrate moiety is not essential for the biological function.	Carbohydrates	56-68	prothoracicotropic hormone	Bombyx mori	7-11
12754287-1	2003	Mucin O-glycosylation in cancer is characterized by aberrant expression of immature carbohydrate structures leading to exposure of simple mucin-type carbohydrate antigens and peptide epitopes.	Carbohydrates	84-96	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	138-143
7782337-6	1995	rSP-D expressed in mammalian cells was essentially identical to native rat SP-D in its lipid and carbohydrate binding properties.	Carbohydrates	97-109	surfactant protein D	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
7782337-9	1995	Carbohydrates competed for SP-D binding to PI such that maltose &gt; galactose for rSP-D, and the order was reversed for SP-DE321Q,N323D.	Carbohydrates	0-13	surfactant protein D	Rattus norvegicus	27-31
12754287-1	2003	Mucin O-glycosylation in cancer is characterized by aberrant expression of immature carbohydrate structures leading to exposure of simple mucin-type carbohydrate antigens and peptide epitopes.	Carbohydrates	149-161	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	0-5
7782337-9	1995	Carbohydrates competed for SP-D binding to PI such that maltose &gt; galactose for rSP-D, and the order was reversed for SP-DE321Q,N323D.	Carbohydrates	0-13	surfactant protein D	Rattus norvegicus	83-88
7782337-12	1995	1) The carbohydrate binding specificity of SP-DE321Q,N323D was changed from a mannose-glucose type to a galactose type; 2) the GlcCer binding property of SP-D is closely related to its sugar binding activity; and 3) the PI binding activity is not completely dependent on its carbohydrate binding specificity.	Carbohydrates	7-19	surfactant protein D	Rattus norvegicus	43-47
8168955-9	1994	These bands were partially or completely displaced by nonradiolabeled respiratory mucin glycopeptides but not by tetramethylurea, suggesting that they recognized carbohydrate sites.	Carbohydrates	162-174	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	82-87
7782337-12	1995	1) The carbohydrate binding specificity of SP-DE321Q,N323D was changed from a mannose-glucose type to a galactose type; 2) the GlcCer binding property of SP-D is closely related to its sugar binding activity; and 3) the PI binding activity is not completely dependent on its carbohydrate binding specificity.	Carbohydrates	275-287	surfactant protein D	Rattus norvegicus	43-47
12754287-1	2003	Mucin O-glycosylation in cancer is characterized by aberrant expression of immature carbohydrate structures leading to exposure of simple mucin-type carbohydrate antigens and peptide epitopes.	Carbohydrates	149-161	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	138-143
8175987-9	1994	Despite evidence for cosecretion of amylin and insulin, the large intersubject variation in amylin/insulin secretory ratios and its inverse correlation with glucose disappearance rates suggest a constitutional factor that may either play a role in the pathogenesis of carbohydrate intolerance or result from it.	Carbohydrates	268-280	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	92-98
12639958-7	2003	The addition of a carbohydrate structure in the N-terminal domain of PEN-2 prevented association with presenilin 1, whereas glycosylation in the C-terminal region of PEN-2 did not, suggesting that the N-terminal domain is important for interactions with presenilin 1.	Carbohydrates	18-30	presenilin 1	Homo sapiens	102-114
8136158-3	1994	We now describe specific saccharide-mediated interactions of SP-D with alveolar macrophages in lung tissue and in vitro.	Carbohydrates	25-35	surfactant protein D	Rattus norvegicus	61-65
8136158-4	1994	Biotinylated rat SP-D showed specific binding to alveolar macrophages in sections of rat lung; this labeling was inhibited by competing saccharides or EDTA.	Carbohydrates	136-147	surfactant protein D	Rattus norvegicus	17-21
7601115-2	1995	Fatty acid synthase (FAS) expression is low in liver and adipose tissue of suckling rats and increases markedly after weaning on to a high-carbohydrate low-fat diet.	Carbohydrates	139-151	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	0-19
7601115-2	1995	Fatty acid synthase (FAS) expression is low in liver and adipose tissue of suckling rats and increases markedly after weaning on to a high-carbohydrate low-fat diet.	Carbohydrates	139-151	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
8601528-0	1995	Simple mucin-type carbohydrates in normal and malignant human endometrium.	Carbohydrates	18-31	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	7-12
8601528-8	1995	Our findings suggest a hormonal influence on expression of simple mucin-type carbohydrates in human endometrium.	Carbohydrates	77-90	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	66-71
8178981-1	1994	Excessive fat turnover and oxidation might cause the insulin resistance of carbohydrate metabolism in obese humans.	Carbohydrates	75-87	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	10-13
12639958-7	2003	The addition of a carbohydrate structure in the N-terminal domain of PEN-2 prevented association with presenilin 1, whereas glycosylation in the C-terminal region of PEN-2 did not, suggesting that the N-terminal domain is important for interactions with presenilin 1.	Carbohydrates	18-30	presenilin 1	Homo sapiens	254-266
7702608-4	1995	The level of GLUT2 and glucokinase mRNA in pancreas was significantly decreased in the rats fed a high-fat diet compared with a high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	133-145	glucokinase	Rattus norvegicus	23-34
12621022-1	2003	Chondrolectin (CHODL) is a novel type I transmembrane protein containing one carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of C-type lectins.	Carbohydrates	77-89	chondrolectin	Homo sapiens	0-13
7887967-5	1995	We have evidence that the soluble dimeric CD69 has a tight association with calcium, a feature shared with NKR-P1, and that it is a carbohydrate-binding protein with N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine as the best inhibitors: 4-8 x 10(-5) M giving 50% inhibition of binding to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine neoglycoprotein.	Carbohydrates	132-144	CD69 molecule	Homo sapiens	42-46
8200656-4	1994	Immunizations of mice with carbohydrate antigens usually produce IgM and IgG3 antibodies.	Carbohydrates	27-39	Immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 3	Mus musculus	73-77
12621022-1	2003	Chondrolectin (CHODL) is a novel type I transmembrane protein containing one carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of C-type lectins.	Carbohydrates	77-89	chondrolectin	Homo sapiens	15-20
12401114-3	2003	We find that, in FRTL-5 and PC-Cl3 cells, calnexin and calreticulin interact with newly synthesized Tg in a carbohydrate-dependent manner, with largely overlapping kinetics that are concomitant with the maturation of Tg intrachain disulphide bonds, preceding Tg dimerization and exit from the ER.	Carbohydrates	108-120	calreticulin	Rattus norvegicus	55-67
8005707-1	1994	The binding of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase from rat epididymal fluid to the surface of spermatozoa from the cauda epididymis was measured in the presence of sugars, its phosphorylated derivatives, or after treatment of the cells or the enzyme with agents that alter the integrity of proteins or carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	299-312	O-GlcNAcase	Rattus norvegicus	15-46
7541505-2	1995	Using intravital fluorescent microscopy, we studied temporal and spatial lectin binding to carbohydrate moieties of luminal microvascular endothelia of the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) during Days 4.5 to 6.0 of the 21-day incubation.	Carbohydrates	91-103	galectin 3	Gallus gallus	73-79
12701754-3	2003	The aim of this study was to monitor the carbohydrate-dependent binding of labeled galectin-3 to primary head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (from the tonsil, base of the tongue and larynx) and lymph node metastases.	Carbohydrates	41-53	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	83-93
7507103-14	1994	Indirect evidence from monoclonal antibody and lectin binding studies indicates that the range of carbohydrate structures synthesized by the Pro-5 and DHFR- CHO cell lines differs.	Carbohydrates	98-110	dihydrofolate reductase	Cricetulus griseus	151-155
7507103-15	1994	Since DHFR-/ELFT transfectants expressed cell surface SLex but transferred fucose poorly to sialylated substrates in vitro, ELFT may be able to fucosylate a complex carbohydrate missing from Pro-5 cells.	Carbohydrates	165-177	dihydrofolate reductase	Cricetulus griseus	6-10
8005622-3	1993	TR-1 (glycosylated fraction) contained all of the carbohydrate, while TR-2 and TR-3 fractions had no detectable sugars.	Carbohydrates	50-62	taste 1 receptor member 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
8534772-6	1995	These results suggest that the decrease in FAS and ACC mRNA at term can be partially explained by labor, delivery, air-breathing or switch from carbohydrate to fat metabolism.	Carbohydrates	144-156	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	43-46
12765788-4	2003	Moreover, we found that Chrp binds to the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of hamster galectin-3 and not to the N-terminal domain carrying the proline- and glycine-rich repeats characteristic of galectin-3 and absent in other galectins.	Carbohydrates	42-54	cysteine and histidine rich 1	Mus musculus	24-28
8245375-3	1993	RESULTS: In men, absolute intakes of energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, and dietary fiber were positively correlated with hemoglobin A1 (HbA1) (P &lt; .05); Spearman correlation coefficients (rs) were .28, .22, .28, .34, and .25, respectively.	Carbohydrates	45-57	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	123-136
12559475-9	2003	Comparable changes in fatty acid synthase (FAS) mRNA were observed in response to the carbohydrate-free diet, which resulted in a 53% decrease in adipocyte FAS mRNA (p &lt; 0.001).	Carbohydrates	86-98	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	22-41
8243469-9	1993	CD analysis of RNase A and RNase B revealed the carbohydrate moiety to have a small stabilizing effect (approximately 5 kJ/mol) on the protein.	Carbohydrates	48-60	ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic	Homo sapiens	15-22
12559475-9	2003	Comparable changes in fatty acid synthase (FAS) mRNA were observed in response to the carbohydrate-free diet, which resulted in a 53% decrease in adipocyte FAS mRNA (p &lt; 0.001).	Carbohydrates	86-98	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	43-46
12559475-9	2003	Comparable changes in fatty acid synthase (FAS) mRNA were observed in response to the carbohydrate-free diet, which resulted in a 53% decrease in adipocyte FAS mRNA (p &lt; 0.001).	Carbohydrates	86-98	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	156-159
12559475-10	2003	Addition of 10% sucrose to the diet completely reversed this effect resulting in a 69% increase in adipocyte FAS mRNA compared to the carbohydrate-free groups (p = 0.01).	Carbohydrates	134-146	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	109-112
8286122-10	1993	The results demonstrate that binding of b-ZP3 to isolated boar sperm membranes is mediated by sperm receptors with specificity for the ZP3 alpha macromolecular component and reveal a complex contribution of both carbohydrate and protein moieties toward the ligand activity of this sperm adhesive zona molecule.	Carbohydrates	212-224	zona pellucida glycoprotein 3	Homo sapiens	42-45
12559475-11	2003	Similarly, hepatic FAS mRNA was elevated by 51% and 66% in the 10% sucrose and standard diet groups respectively, compared to the carbohydrate-free groups.	Carbohydrates	130-142	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	19-22
12477845-7	2003	HA with periodate- and neuraminidase-treated RBCs indicated that rNV VLP binding was carbohydrate dependent and did not require sialic acid.	Carbohydrates	85-97	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	23-36
8408210-5	1993	Carbohydrate residues are not required for lysosomal targeting, since a non-glycosylated mutant cathepsin D is sorted with comparable efficiency to the wild type protein.	Carbohydrates	0-12	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	96-107
14579587-1	2003	SPR techniques can provide a wealth of insight into the nature of protein-carbohydrate interactions.	Carbohydrates	74-86	sepiapterin reductase	Homo sapiens	0-3
12374794-4	2002	Although both constructs were functional in ligand binding and dissociation, these studies demonstrate the ability of domain 9 alone to fold into a high affinity (K(d) = 0.3 +/- 0.1 nm) carbohydrate-recognition domain whereas the domain 3 alone construct is capable of only low affinity binding (K(d) approximately 500 nm) toward beta-glucuronidase, suggesting that residues in adjacent domains (domains 1 and/or 2) are important, either directly or indirectly, for optimal binding by domain 3.	Carbohydrates	186-198	glucuronidase beta	Homo sapiens	330-348
8239497-8	1993	In spite of this different reactivity with Mabs, analysis by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) proved that carbohydrate structure of K-1 and H-2 were the same: NeuAc alpha 2--&gt;3Ga1 beta 1--&gt;4 [Fuc alpha 1--&gt;3] G1cNAc beta 1--&gt;3 Ga1 beta 1--&gt;4G1c beta 1--&gt;1Cer.	Carbohydrates	116-128	keratin 1	Homo sapiens	142-153
8230320-2	1993	In vitro and in vivo all NCC express low affinity nerve growth factor receptors (p75-LNGFR), whereas a subpopulation of NCC expresses the carbohydrate epitope recognized by the monoclonal antibody HNK-1 (Bannerman and Pleasure, manuscript in preparation).	Carbohydrates	138-150	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	197-202
12624424-15	2002	In conclusion, liver-derived IGF-I is important for carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and for the regulation of GH secretion at the pituitary level.	Carbohydrates	52-64	insulin-like growth factor 1	Mus musculus	29-34
12511852-14	2002	In conclusion, liver-derived IGF-I is important for carbohydrate- and lipid-metabolism and for the regulation of GH-secretion at the pituitary level.	Carbohydrates	52-64	insulin-like growth factor 1	Mus musculus	29-34
8246840-6	1993	The enzymes II are required for the transport of the carbohydrates across the membrane and the transfer of the phospho group from phospho-HPr to the carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	53-66	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	138-141
8246840-6	1993	The enzymes II are required for the transport of the carbohydrates across the membrane and the transfer of the phospho group from phospho-HPr to the carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	149-162	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	138-141
12415062-1	2002	OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of antiretroviral combination therapy that contains protease inhibitor (PI) on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children.	Carbohydrates	112-124	serpin family A member 13, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	85-103
8344416-4	1993	The gene expression of glucokinase is induced to a maximum level after a carbohydrate-rich diet.	Carbohydrates	73-85	glucokinase	Rattus norvegicus	23-34
12093363-4	2002	The Drosophila kinase (DmAMPK) was activated by AMP in cell-free assays (albeit to a smaller extent than mammalian AMPK), and by stresses that deplete ATP (oligomycin and hypoxia), as well as by carbohydrate deprivation, in intact cells.	Carbohydrates	195-207	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	25-29
8352755-3	1993	It seems likely that SP-A, like MBP and conglutinin, may mediate anti-microbial activity through binding to carbohydrates on the microorganisms and collectin receptors on phagocytic cells.	Carbohydrates	108-121	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	32-35
8352755-4	1993	We have studied the influence of carbohydrates on the binding of SP-A, MBP and conglutinin to mannan in an enzyme-linked lectin-binding assay.	Carbohydrates	33-46	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	71-74
12016228-0	2002	Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel mouse macrophage C-type lectin, mMGL2, which has a distinct carbohydrate specificity from mMGL1.	Carbohydrates	110-122	macrophage galactose N-acetyl-galactosamine specific lectin 2	Mus musculus	82-87
8361956-1	1993	Because previous purification procedures for human kappa-casein may have caused the loss of some carbohydrate, relatively gentle methods were used.	Carbohydrates	97-109	casein kappa	Homo sapiens	51-63
12016228-9	2002	The soluble recombinant proteins of mMGL2 exhibited carbohydrate specificity for alpha- and beta-GalNAc-conjugated soluble polyacrylamides, whereas mMGL1 preferentially bound Lewis X-conjugated soluble polyacrylamides in solid phase assays.	Carbohydrates	52-64	macrophage galactose N-acetyl-galactosamine specific lectin 2	Mus musculus	36-41
8361956-7	1993	Using low-speed sedimentation equilibrium methods, a molecular weight of only 33,400 was obtained for human kappa-casein, suggesting carbohydrate lability.	Carbohydrates	133-145	casein kappa	Homo sapiens	108-120
12079284-3	2002	The open reading frame of CHODL encodes a type I transmembrane protein containing a single carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of C-type lectins in its extracellular portion.	Carbohydrates	91-103	chondrolectin	Homo sapiens	26-31
8323299-1	1993	The lysosomal membrane glycoproteins lamp-1 and lamp-2 are extensively glycosylated with a variety of different carbohydrate structures of both N-linked and O-linked type.	Carbohydrates	112-124	lysosomal associated membrane protein 1	Homo sapiens	37-43
7852887-11	1993	The increases in circulating GLP-1(7-36)amide and GIP levels following carbohydrate or a mixed meal are consistent with their role as incretins.	Carbohydrates	71-83	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	29-34
12072529-1	2002	2G12 is a broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibody against human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) that has previously been shown to bind to a carbohydrate-dependent epitope on gp120.	Carbohydrates	153-165	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	187-192
8357534-0	1993	The isoforms of human neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G differ in their carbohydrate side chain structures.	Carbohydrates	74-86	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	22-41
12054796-7	2002	One likely scenario is that the compound could compete for AMF binding with the carbohydrate moiety of the AMF receptor (AMFR), which is a glycosylated seven-transmembrane helix protein.	Carbohydrates	80-92	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	59-62
8500875-9	1993	We conclude that virulent Y. enterocolitica is capable of interacting with the carbohydrate moiety of intestinal mucin.	Carbohydrates	79-91	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	113-118
8097757-6	1993	Because previous studies have shown that certain saccharides inhibit CR3-Fc gamma RIII co-capping, we tested a panel of saccharides to determine their ability to influence IC-mediated intracellular Ca2+ release.	Carbohydrates	49-60	teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1 pseudogene 3	Homo sapiens	69-72
11968061-3	2002	This study investigated whether a culture medium carbohydrate source could alter the astrocyte production of MMP-9 and ICAM-1 in vitro.	Carbohydrates	49-61	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	109-114
7685769-4	1993	Neuraminidase and O-glycanase digestion followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide and isoelectric focusing gel electrophoreses distinguished two possible carbohydrate structures attached at Thr-133: structure A, NeuNAc-Gal-beta(1,3)-GalNAc-O-Thr; and structure B, NeuNAc-Gal-beta(1,3)-[NeuNAc]-GalNAc-O-Thr.	Carbohydrates	162-174	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	0-13
11968061-3	2002	This study investigated whether a culture medium carbohydrate source could alter the astrocyte production of MMP-9 and ICAM-1 in vitro.	Carbohydrates	49-61	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	119-125
11788362-5	2002	This study shows that leptin causes a strong activation of TAG/FA cycling, lipolysis, and FA oxidation, shifting fuel preference from carbohydrates to lipids.	Carbohydrates	134-147	leptin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	22-28
8485905-4	1993	Certain bacteria express carbohydrates or lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that can bind to and activate CR3, allowing the receptor to assume its activated state.	Carbohydrates	25-38	teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1 pseudogene 3	Homo sapiens	98-101
11842410-1	2002	The coupling of nuC-O and deltaO-D vibrations in the 1200-900 cm(-1) IR range leads to band shifting in opposite directions, which provides information on intramolecular hydrogen bonding of carbohydrates in aqueous solution.	Carbohydrates	190-203	nucleobindin 1	Homo sapiens	16-19
8099115-0	1993	Monoclonal antibodies to the carbohydrate structure Lewis(x) stimulate the adhesive activity of leukocyte integrin CD11b/CD18 (CR3, Mac-1, alpha m beta 2) on human granulocytes.	Carbohydrates	29-41	teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1 pseudogene 3	Homo sapiens	127-130
8467789-6	1993	Carbohydrate density is visible at both expected positions on the cathepsin D molecules and, at the best defined position, four sugar residues extend towards the lysosomal targeting region.	Carbohydrates	0-12	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	66-77
7876429-4	1995	The carbohydrate moiety of MG1 displays a wide spectrum of oligosaccharide structures, varying in composition, length, branching, and acidity.	Carbohydrates	4-16	mucin 5B, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	27-30
12472120-2	2002	Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the key enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway in carbohydrate metabolism, and it plays an important role in cell proliferation and antioxidant regulation within cells in various organs.	Carbohydrates	95-107	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	0-33
7876429-6	1995	The present investigation focused on the question whether MG1, because of its diverse carbohydrate side-chain population, can bind to a large variety of oral micro-organisms.	Carbohydrates	86-98	mucin 5B, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	58-61
12472120-2	2002	Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the key enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway in carbohydrate metabolism, and it plays an important role in cell proliferation and antioxidant regulation within cells in various organs.	Carbohydrates	95-107	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	35-39
7528540-8	1994	The PAPP-A and proMBP subunits contain 13.4% (w/w) and 38.6% (w/w) carbohydrate, respectively, and the intact complex contains 17.4% (w/w) carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	67-79	pappalysin 1	Homo sapiens	4-10
8487667-5	1993	In conclusion, the competition between lipid and carbohydrate utilization (Randle cycle) is easily demonstrated in both red and white muscle using a CPT-I inhibitor as a probe.	Carbohydrates	49-61	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B	Rattus norvegicus	149-154
7528540-8	1994	The PAPP-A and proMBP subunits contain 13.4% (w/w) and 38.6% (w/w) carbohydrate, respectively, and the intact complex contains 17.4% (w/w) carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	67-79	proteoglycan 2, pro eosinophil major basic protein	Homo sapiens	15-21
11709582-4	2001	To test whether the abundance of (1--&gt;3,1--&gt;4)-beta-glucanase might be controlled by the carbohydrate status, environmental and nutritional conditions capable of altering the leaf soluble sugar contents were used.	Carbohydrates	95-107	LOC543334	Triticum aestivum	53-67
7528540-9	1994	The PAPP-A subunit contains N-bound carbohydrate groups.	Carbohydrates	36-48	pappalysin 1	Homo sapiens	4-10
8516954-3	1993	Amylin can elicit the vasodilator effects of CGRP and the hypocalcaemic actions of calcitonin, while these peptides can mimic newly discovered actions of amylin on carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	164-176	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	154-160
11553545-9	2001	This finding suggested that in vivo, the IgG response to major carbohydrate antigen Em2(G11) of E. multilocularis could take place independently of alphabeta+ CD4+ T cells and in the absence of CD40-CD40 ligand interactions; thus, the Em2(G11) antigen of the acellular LL represents a T-cell-independent antigen.	Carbohydrates	63-75	von Willebrand factor C domain containing 2	Mus musculus	84-91
8485640-4	1993	Preliminary studies on carbohydrate metabolism suggest that quantification of insulin activity may be a useful prognostic index in cases of equine Cushing"s disease, and that insulin therapy of secondary diabetes mellitus may be indicated in some cases.	Carbohydrates	23-35	INS	Equus caballus	78-85
7535628-0	1994	The L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate is carried by the myelin associated glycoprotein and sulphated glucuronyl glycolipids in muscle but not cutaneous nerves of adult mice.	Carbohydrates	13-25	myelin-associated glycoprotein	Mus musculus	44-74
11553545-9	2001	This finding suggested that in vivo, the IgG response to major carbohydrate antigen Em2(G11) of E. multilocularis could take place independently of alphabeta+ CD4+ T cells and in the absence of CD40-CD40 ligand interactions; thus, the Em2(G11) antigen of the acellular LL represents a T-cell-independent antigen.	Carbohydrates	63-75	von Willebrand factor C domain containing 2	Mus musculus	235-242
7698730-1	1994	Thirty-two cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the salivary glands were studied in order to characterize the expression of simple mucin-type carbohydrate antigens T, Tn and sialosyl-Tn and to evaluate its implication for tumour histogenesis.	Carbohydrates	142-154	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	131-136
11553545-10	2001	Functionally, the encapsulating LL, and especially its major carbohydrate antigen, Em2(G11), seems to be one of the key factors in the parasite"s survival strategy and acts by modulating the host immune response by virtue of its T-cell-independent nature.	Carbohydrates	61-73	von Willebrand factor C domain containing 2	Mus musculus	83-90
7681148-1	1993	To define carbohydrate specificity of Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA1), the combining site of RCA1 was further characterized by quantitative precipitin (QPA) and precipitin-inhibition assays (QPIA).	Carbohydrates	10-22	von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor	Homo sapiens	67-71
11578692-9	2001	These results indicate that two MBP peptide sequences, including one (89-117) that contains a unique carbohydrate-binding region, share the biologic activities of MBP.	Carbohydrates	101-113	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	32-35
8424382-8	1993	Percent body fat and W:H correlated with the total and LDL-C. Changes in HDL-C and/or HDL2-C and LPL correlated directly with the changes in dietary fat and inversely with dietary carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	180-192	junctophilin 3	Homo sapiens	86-90
7997853-2	1994	The expression of carbohydrates in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) was studied by double immunofluorescence flow cytometry, using MoAbs CT1 and CT2 but only a small proportion of cells bound these MoAbs.	Carbohydrates	18-31	CD5 molecule like	Homo sapiens	147-150
7961971-0	1994	Chimeras of surfactant proteins A and D identify the carbohydrate recognition domains as essential for phospholipid interaction.	Carbohydrates	53-65	surfactant protein D	Rattus norvegicus	12-39
11578692-9	2001	These results indicate that two MBP peptide sequences, including one (89-117) that contains a unique carbohydrate-binding region, share the biologic activities of MBP.	Carbohydrates	101-113	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	163-166
11485401-4	2001	The sequence of this clone is 96.4% identical to the human UDP-galactose transporter (UGT), which belongs to a family of nucleotide-sugar transporter proteins involved in the biosynthesis of complex carbohydrate structures in the trans-Golgi network.	Carbohydrates	199-211	solute carrier family 35 member A2	Homo sapiens	59-84
7979373-3	1994	However, the development of ion-exchange and reverse-phase HPLC methods for the purification and quantitation of the kappa- and beta-caseins, along with tritium labeling of the carbohydrate of the kappa-casein in human milk to aid in its detection, provided the tools for probing micelle structure by examining the composition of micelles fractionated according to size by differential centrifugation.	Carbohydrates	177-189	casein kappa	Homo sapiens	197-209
8392161-2	1993	In recent years, many studies have addressed the effects of IL-1 on carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	68-80	interleukin 1 complex	Mus musculus	60-64
11485401-4	2001	The sequence of this clone is 96.4% identical to the human UDP-galactose transporter (UGT), which belongs to a family of nucleotide-sugar transporter proteins involved in the biosynthesis of complex carbohydrate structures in the trans-Golgi network.	Carbohydrates	199-211	solute carrier family 35 member A2	Homo sapiens	86-89
11361071-1	2001	The involvement of phosphoeno/pyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase (PTS) proteins, like HPr and IIA(Glc), in the regulation of carbohydrate utilization has been well established in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.	Carbohydrates	124-136	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	85-88
18601259-1	1993	The theoretical yield of poly-D(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) has been estimated from the biochemical pathway leading to PHB when a carbohydrate (glucose), a C(1) compound (methanol), a C(2) compound (acetic acid), or a C(4) compound (butyric acid) is used as a carbon source.	Carbohydrates	129-141	prohibitin 1	Homo sapiens	25-52
18601259-1	1993	The theoretical yield of poly-D(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) has been estimated from the biochemical pathway leading to PHB when a carbohydrate (glucose), a C(1) compound (methanol), a C(2) compound (acetic acid), or a C(4) compound (butyric acid) is used as a carbon source.	Carbohydrates	129-141	prohibitin 1	Homo sapiens	54-57
18601259-1	1993	The theoretical yield of poly-D(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) has been estimated from the biochemical pathway leading to PHB when a carbohydrate (glucose), a C(1) compound (methanol), a C(2) compound (acetic acid), or a C(4) compound (butyric acid) is used as a carbon source.	Carbohydrates	129-141	prohibitin 1	Homo sapiens	118-121
7634089-6	1994	The spatial arrangement of the carbohydrate recognition domains suggest how MBP trimers form the basic recognition unit for branched oligosaccharides on microorganisms.	Carbohydrates	31-43	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	76-79
7523415-7	1994	LPH alpha, which is rich in cysteine and hydrophobic amino acid residues, may fold rapidly into a tight and rigid globular domain in which carbohydrate attachment sites are no longer accessible to glycosyltransferases.	Carbohydrates	139-151	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-3
11486733-1	2001	Surfactant protein A (SP-A), an oligomeric glycoprotein, is a member of a group of proteins named collectins that contain collagen-like and Ca(2+)-dependent carbohydrate recognition domains.	Carbohydrates	157-169	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	0-20
11486733-1	2001	Surfactant protein A (SP-A), an oligomeric glycoprotein, is a member of a group of proteins named collectins that contain collagen-like and Ca(2+)-dependent carbohydrate recognition domains.	Carbohydrates	157-169	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	22-26
11279100-2	2001	Trimerization of SP-D monomers is required for high affinity saccharide binding, and the oligomerization of trimers is required for many of its functions.	Carbohydrates	61-71	surfactant protein D	Rattus norvegicus	17-21
7957903-5	1994	The proteoglycan with 380-kDa core protein was identified as RPTP beta/zeta bearing HNK-1 carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	90-102	protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type Z1	Rattus norvegicus	61-70
7957903-5	1994	The proteoglycan with 380-kDa core protein was identified as RPTP beta/zeta bearing HNK-1 carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	90-102	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	84-89
7835953-5	1994	Monoclonal antibodies to these carbohydrates stimulated eosinophils to secrete eosinophil cationic protein, but not eosinophil peroxidase, and acted as costimulatory signals for C3b-induced degranulation of eosinophil cationic protein.	Carbohydrates	31-44	endogenous retrovirus group K member 3	Homo sapiens	178-181
8430514-9	1993	A report of carbohydrate (8.6%) content in rat liver thioltransferase has not been verified by more sensitive methods of carbohydrate analysis, nor has carbohydrate been identified in samples of purified glutaredoxin from any source.	Carbohydrates	12-24	glutaredoxin	Homo sapiens	53-69
11279100-10	2001	In addition, the neck + carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-D was necessary and sufficient for the trimerization of a heterologous collagen sequence located amino-terminal to the trimeric coiled-coil.	Carbohydrates	24-36	surfactant protein D	Rattus norvegicus	59-63
11373266-1	2001	We evaluated the diagnostic usefulness of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) for detecting alcohol-related problems (ARP) in hospitalized patients, assessed potential differences according to gender and age, and compared this value to the other screening measures conventionally used, namely the CAGE questionnaire and standard biological markers MCV (mean corpuscular volume) and GGT (gamma-glutamyltransferase).	Carbohydrates	42-54	ADP ribosylation factor related protein 1	Homo sapiens	123-126
8373983-3	1993	Mucins are very large, structurally heterogeneous, and highly expanded molecules with the carbohydrate playing a key role in maintaining the extended mucin conformation.	Carbohydrates	90-102	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	150-155
8060356-0	1994	Expression of the carbohydrate recognition domain of lung surfactant protein D and demonstration of its binding to lipopolysaccharides of gram-negative bacteria.	Carbohydrates	18-30	pulmonary surfactant-associated protein D	Bos taurus	53-78
8060356-2	1994	A recombinant protein, composed of the neck-region and the carbohydrate binding domain of bovine lung surfactant protein D, has been overexpressed in E. coli.	Carbohydrates	59-71	pulmonary surfactant-associated protein D	Bos taurus	97-122
11254556-12	2001	Taken together, these observations demonstrate that beta(1--&gt;6)-glucan is an important fungal ligand for SP-D and that glycosidic bond patterns alone can determine if an extended carbohydrate polymer is recognized by SP-D.	Carbohydrates	182-194	surfactant protein D	Rattus norvegicus	108-112
8432340-2	1993	This suggests that the sialic acid content on the terminus of N-glycoside linked carbohydrate chains of the IPM increases between P14 and P16.	Carbohydrates	81-93	SUB1 regulator of transcription	Rattus norvegicus	130-133
8051088-4	1994	The purified venom mucin comprised about 85% carbohydrate and 15% protein and was rich in Thr, Ser, Pro, Gly, Glu, Asp, and Ala.	Carbohydrates	45-57	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	19-24
11254556-12	2001	Taken together, these observations demonstrate that beta(1--&gt;6)-glucan is an important fungal ligand for SP-D and that glycosidic bond patterns alone can determine if an extended carbohydrate polymer is recognized by SP-D.	Carbohydrates	182-194	surfactant protein D	Rattus norvegicus	220-224
8051088-5	1994	The mucin was resolved into two or more distinct classes of mucin-like glycoproteins which differ in their amino acid compositions and/or carbohydrate content.	Carbohydrates	138-150	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	4-9
8051088-5	1994	The mucin was resolved into two or more distinct classes of mucin-like glycoproteins which differ in their amino acid compositions and/or carbohydrate content.	Carbohydrates	138-150	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	60-65
11421277-1	2001	ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters mediating the uptake of carbohydrates comprise two subfamilies (CUT1, CUT2) that differ with respect to the chemical nature of their substrates, subunit composition, and conserved sequence motifs.	Carbohydrates	64-77	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-20
7978085-0	1994	Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and the detection of alcohol abuse: a horse of a different color?	Carbohydrates	0-12	inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase	Equus caballus	23-34
1334078-0	1992	Binding of surfactant protein A (SP-A) to herpes simplex virus type 1-infected cells is mediated by the carbohydrate moiety of SP-A.	Carbohydrates	104-116	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	33-37
1334078-0	1992	Binding of surfactant protein A (SP-A) to herpes simplex virus type 1-infected cells is mediated by the carbohydrate moiety of SP-A.	Carbohydrates	104-116	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	127-131
1334078-11	1992	It is concluded that the carbohydrate moiety of SP-A is involved in the recognition of viruses by SP-A and may play a role in the antiviral defenses of the lung.	Carbohydrates	25-37	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	48-52
11421277-1	2001	ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters mediating the uptake of carbohydrates comprise two subfamilies (CUT1, CUT2) that differ with respect to the chemical nature of their substrates, subunit composition, and conserved sequence motifs.	Carbohydrates	64-77	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group)	Homo sapiens	22-25
1334078-11	1992	It is concluded that the carbohydrate moiety of SP-A is involved in the recognition of viruses by SP-A and may play a role in the antiviral defenses of the lung.	Carbohydrates	25-37	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	98-102
8037757-1	1994	Gene expression of GLUT4 and insulin receptor in soleus muscle of high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet fed rats was studied by measuring mRNA.	Carbohydrates	84-96	insulin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	29-45
11160290-3	2001	Ly-49W is highly related to the known inhibitory receptor Ly-49G in its carbohydrate recognition domain, exhibiting 97.6% amino acid identity in this region.	Carbohydrates	72-84	killer cell lectin-like receptor, subfamily A, member 7	Mus musculus	58-64
8020591-6	1994	These results strongly suggest that, in membrane-depleted nuclei, CBP35 and CBP70 interactions can be altered by a conformational change of CBP35 induced by the binding of lactose to its carbohydrate-recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	187-199	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	66-71
8020591-6	1994	These results strongly suggest that, in membrane-depleted nuclei, CBP35 and CBP70 interactions can be altered by a conformational change of CBP35 induced by the binding of lactose to its carbohydrate-recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	187-199	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	140-145
11161059-5	2001	Overexpression of phyB, conversely, resulted in an enhanced inhibition of phyA function, even in the absence of supplementary carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	126-139	phytochrome B	Arabidopsis thaliana	18-22
7921193-6	1994	It is likely that certain changes loosely ascribed to goblet cell mucin, such as neo-expression of blood group antigens and anomalous expression of core carbohydrate structures, do not occur at all.	Carbohydrates	153-165	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	66-71
1460044-2	1992	Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) is an integral intestinal brush border membrane glycoprotein responsible for the hydrolysis of lactose, the primary carbohydrate in mammalian milk.	Carbohydrates	150-162	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-27
1460044-2	1992	Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) is an integral intestinal brush border membrane glycoprotein responsible for the hydrolysis of lactose, the primary carbohydrate in mammalian milk.	Carbohydrates	150-162	lactase	Homo sapiens	29-32
11152606-0	2001	The molecular mechanism of sulfated carbohydrate recognition by the cysteine-rich domain of mannose receptor.	Carbohydrates	36-48	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	92-108
1446617-9	1992	Nonetheless, daily episodes of endogenous GH secretion resulting from chronic coadministration of GH secretagogues significantly influenced the pituitary gland as well as lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	181-193	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	42-44
1446617-9	1992	Nonetheless, daily episodes of endogenous GH secretion resulting from chronic coadministration of GH secretagogues significantly influenced the pituitary gland as well as lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	181-193	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	98-100
1467652-4	1992	Sequence analysis of PP2 cDNAs revealed a 654-bp open reading frame encoding a 218-amino acid polypeptide; this polypeptide had the carbohydrate binding characteristics of a PP2 subunit.	Carbohydrates	132-144	neuropeptide Y receptor Y6 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	21-24
1467652-4	1992	Sequence analysis of PP2 cDNAs revealed a 654-bp open reading frame encoding a 218-amino acid polypeptide; this polypeptide had the carbohydrate binding characteristics of a PP2 subunit.	Carbohydrates	132-144	neuropeptide Y receptor Y6 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	174-177
7513654-5	1994	Asn227 is the fifth carbohydrate attachement site in bovine alpha 2AP.	Carbohydrates	20-32	serpin family F member 2	Bos taurus	60-69
8179619-0	1994	Effect of dexamethasone on the carbohydrate chains of the insulin receptor.	Carbohydrates	31-43	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	58-74
11152606-1	2001	The mannose receptor (MR) binds foreign and host ligands through interactions with their carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	89-102	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	4-20
8179619-3	1994	The carbohydrate side chains of the insulin receptor were less branched on the dexamethasone-treated cells; i.e., the ratio of saccharides with three and four branches to those bearing only two branches was decreased.	Carbohydrates	4-16	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	36-52
11152606-1	2001	The mannose receptor (MR) binds foreign and host ligands through interactions with their carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	89-102	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	22-24
11152606-2	2001	Two portions of MR have distinct carbohydrate recognition properties.	Carbohydrates	33-45	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	16-18
11152606-5	2001	This dual carbohydrate binding specificity enables MR to bind ligands by interacting with both sulfated and non-sulfated polysaccharide chains.	Carbohydrates	10-22	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	51-53
11152606-7	2001	In continued efforts to elucidate the mechanism of sulfated carbohydrate recognition by Cys-MR, we characterized the binding affinities between Cys-MR and potential carbohydrate ligands using a fluorescence-based assay.	Carbohydrates	60-72	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	92-94
1280063-1	1992	The serum-type mannose-binding protein (MBP) is a defense molecule that has carbohydrate-dependent bactericidal effects.	Carbohydrates	76-88	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	15-38
1280063-1	1992	The serum-type mannose-binding protein (MBP) is a defense molecule that has carbohydrate-dependent bactericidal effects.	Carbohydrates	76-88	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	40-43
8157358-5	1994	This report of high levels of MUC4 mRNA expression by pancreatic tumor cells raises the possibility that mucin carbohydrate epitopes defined by antibodies such as DuPan 2 may be expressed on a second mucin core protein produced by pancreatic tumor cells.	Carbohydrates	111-123	mucin 4, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	30-34
11152606-8	2001	We find that Cys-MR binds sulfated carbohydrates with relatively high affinities (K(D)=0.1 mM to 1.0 mM) compared to the affinities of other lectins.	Carbohydrates	35-48	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	17-19
8157358-5	1994	This report of high levels of MUC4 mRNA expression by pancreatic tumor cells raises the possibility that mucin carbohydrate epitopes defined by antibodies such as DuPan 2 may be expressed on a second mucin core protein produced by pancreatic tumor cells.	Carbohydrates	111-123	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	105-110
11152606-12	2001	The structures are used to rationalize the binding affinities derived from the biochemical studies and to elucidate the molecular mechanism of sulfated carbohydrate recognition by Cys-MR.	Carbohydrates	152-164	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	184-186
11114588-3	2001	Intact ZPB and ZPC cannot be separated from each other unless acidic N-acetyllactosamine regions of their carbohydrate chains are removed by endo-beta-galactosidase digestion.	Carbohydrates	106-118	zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 3	Sus scrofa	15-18
1385405-12	1992	The acceptor specificity and tissue distribution suggest that a novel glucuronyltransferase, GlcAT-P, is involved in the biosynthesis of the sulfoglucuronylgalactose structure in the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope that is expressed on glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	189-201	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	93-100
8054719-1	1994	Characterization of a novel type of mucin carbohydrate core structure.	Carbohydrates	42-54	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	36-41
11444377-5	2001	SP-A contains a carbohdyrate recognition domain that appears to bind specifically to exposed carbohydrate residues on the surface of microorganisms.	Carbohydrates	93-105	surfactant associated protein A1	Mus musculus	0-4
8054719-11	1994	Among these, structure 4 alpha represents a novel type of mucin carbohydrate core structure.	Carbohydrates	64-76	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	58-63
8132677-10	1994	A segment containing this specific motif from the rat fatty acid synthase gene, another carbohydrate-responsive gene in hepatocytes, conferred a carbohydrate response when linked to the S14 promoter.	Carbohydrates	88-100	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	54-73
8132677-10	1994	A segment containing this specific motif from the rat fatty acid synthase gene, another carbohydrate-responsive gene in hepatocytes, conferred a carbohydrate response when linked to the S14 promoter.	Carbohydrates	145-157	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	54-73
1385405-12	1992	The acceptor specificity and tissue distribution suggest that a novel glucuronyltransferase, GlcAT-P, is involved in the biosynthesis of the sulfoglucuronylgalactose structure in the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope that is expressed on glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	189-201	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	183-188
11119485-4	2001	These effects are calcium dependent and inhibited with maltose but not lactose, consistent with involvement of the SP-D carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	120-132	surfactant protein D	Rattus norvegicus	115-119
8003303-0	1994	Differential effects of lipid and carbohydrate on enterocyte lactase activity in newborn piglets.	Carbohydrates	34-46	lactase	Homo sapiens	61-68
8003303-3	1994	When lipid was present in adequate amount, the increase in enterocyte lactase activity occurred when carbohydrate was present as either lactose or galactose.	Carbohydrates	101-113	lactase	Homo sapiens	70-77
8003303-4	1994	However, when the lipid content of the diet was low, there was a specific effect of carbohydrate composition which was dependent on position along the villus axis: in the lower villus, colostra high in lactose or glucose stimulated an increase in lactase, but there was no such effect with a high galactose intake.	Carbohydrates	84-96	lactase	Homo sapiens	247-254
1428228-4	1992	CA15-3 identifies both carbohydrate and peptide determinants associated with the MUC1 apomucin in breast tissues.	Carbohydrates	23-35	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	0-6
11208904-0	2001	Carbohydrate-protein interactions between HNK-1-reactive sulfoglucuronyl glycolipids and the proteoglycan lectin domain mediate neuronal cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth.	Carbohydrates	0-12	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	42-47
1428228-4	1992	CA15-3 identifies both carbohydrate and peptide determinants associated with the MUC1 apomucin in breast tissues.	Carbohydrates	23-35	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	81-85
1356982-2	1992	The expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is low in the adipose tissue of suckling rats and increases markedly at weaning to a high carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	167-179	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	18-37
8143454-5	1994	The results of lectin-binding capacity indicated that epFN was not only distinct from pFN but also from tpFN on its carbohydrate composition.	Carbohydrates	116-128	Sp6 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	54-58
8186550-3	1994	The key points to be made are that Mac-2, and the S-lectins in general, by virtue of their recognition of a variety of carbohydrate structures expressed on different glycoproteins, are well placed to exert discrete biological effects according to the distribution of those glycoproteins in tissues and their differential patterns of glycosylation according to developmental status and cell type.	Carbohydrates	119-131	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	35-40
1356982-2	1992	The expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is low in the adipose tissue of suckling rats and increases markedly at weaning to a high carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	167-179	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	39-42
11208904-8	2001	Brevican and HNK-1 carbohydrates are coexpressed in specific layers of the developing hippocampus where axons from entorhinal neurons elongate.	Carbohydrates	19-32	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-18
11842895-9	2001	The Zn- rats receiving anti-GRF-IgG consumed equal amounts of total diet compared to those receiving vehicle during the repletion period however they consumed less carbohydrate (P &lt; 0.05) and considerably more fat (P &lt; 0.02).	Carbohydrates	164-176	growth hormone releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
1396700-8	1992	As a result of the present experiment, it is noted that ATP citrate-lyase-gene expression was greatly dependent on carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	115-127	ATP citrate lyase	Rattus norvegicus	56-73
7995344-11	1994	The carbohydrate moiety of hCG influences folding, subunit assembly, circulatory half-life, receptor interaction and biological response.	Carbohydrates	4-16	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	27-30
1397836-4	1992	For example, fatty acid synthase gene transcription is inhibited by specific polyunsaturated fatty acids; S14 and pyruvate kinase genes contain a specific carbohydrate response element; and editing of apo B-100 to apo B-48 is enhanced by dietary carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	155-167	thyroid hormone responsive	Homo sapiens	106-109
11211863-8	2000	Since deglycosylated CD molecules from both carcinoma cells showed a low angiostatin-generating activity, this discrepancy appeared to be attributed to the difference in the carbohydrate structures of CD molecules between the two cell types and to contribute to their potency to prevent tumor growth and metastases.	Carbohydrates	174-186	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	21-23
1397836-4	1992	For example, fatty acid synthase gene transcription is inhibited by specific polyunsaturated fatty acids; S14 and pyruvate kinase genes contain a specific carbohydrate response element; and editing of apo B-100 to apo B-48 is enhanced by dietary carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	246-258	thyroid hormone responsive	Homo sapiens	106-109
1397383-12	1992	Characterization of choriocarcinoma hCG revealed that there are striking differences in carbohydrate structures between normal hCG and choriocarcinoma hCG.	Carbohydrates	88-100	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	36-39
8299888-8	1994	A glucose/carbohydrate element has been identified on the L-type pyruvate kinase and spot 14 gene promoters.	Carbohydrates	10-22	thyroid hormone responsive	Homo sapiens	85-92
1397383-12	1992	Characterization of choriocarcinoma hCG revealed that there are striking differences in carbohydrate structures between normal hCG and choriocarcinoma hCG.	Carbohydrates	88-100	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	127-130
8132881-7	1993	Increasing nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations of the diet increased digestibilities of DM (58.4, 60.6, and 61.5%) and nonstructural carbohydrates (76.5, 79.6, and 80.4%) and decreased digestibilities of NDF (44.3, 43.7, and 40.6%) and ADF (46.3, 45.2, and 38.8%).	Carbohydrates	25-37	destrin, actin depolymerizing factor	Bos taurus	242-245
11211863-8	2000	Since deglycosylated CD molecules from both carcinoma cells showed a low angiostatin-generating activity, this discrepancy appeared to be attributed to the difference in the carbohydrate structures of CD molecules between the two cell types and to contribute to their potency to prevent tumor growth and metastases.	Carbohydrates	174-186	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	201-203
1397383-12	1992	Characterization of choriocarcinoma hCG revealed that there are striking differences in carbohydrate structures between normal hCG and choriocarcinoma hCG.	Carbohydrates	88-100	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	127-130
1397386-5	1992	Affinity with Lectins differed among Tg preparations, suggesting that the carbohydrate chain in the Tg was different in each nodule in a single individual.	Carbohydrates	74-86	thyroglobulin	Homo sapiens	37-39
11118620-1	2000	High-carbohydrate feeding and triiodothyronine (T3) increase the abundance of acetyl-CoA carboxylase-alpha (ACC alpha) mRNA in avian hepatocytes, whereas starvation, glucagon, and medium-chain fatty acids decrease the abundance of ACC alpha mRNA.	Carbohydrates	5-17	acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha	Gallus gallus	78-106
1397386-5	1992	Affinity with Lectins differed among Tg preparations, suggesting that the carbohydrate chain in the Tg was different in each nodule in a single individual.	Carbohydrates	74-86	thyroglobulin	Homo sapiens	100-102
1443548-3	1992	Ovalbumin, the 43-kDa glycoprotein of avian egg white, is known to be heterogeneous in nature with at least nine different carbohydrate structures having been identified on the single Asn residue.	Carbohydrates	123-135	ovalbumin	Bos taurus	0-9
1443548-6	1992	The sodium borate buffer is proposed to play a key role in the separation by preferentially complexing with the diols of specific carbohydrate moieties on ovalbumin.	Carbohydrates	130-142	ovalbumin	Bos taurus	155-164
8221676-1	1993	Until recently mucin tandem repeat protein cores were believed to exist in random-coil conformations and to attain structure solely by the addition of carbohydrates to serine and threonine residues.	Carbohydrates	151-164	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	15-20
7505840-2	1993	In retinas of normal adult rats and RPE-cell transplanted retinas of 4 month-old RCS rats, HNK-1, a marker for a carbohydrate of the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM), was detected immunocytochemically in the inner and outer plexiform layers and ganglion cell bodies and their axons.	Carbohydrates	113-125	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	91-96
11074069-1	2000	The activity of beta-hexosaminidase, determined with 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-N-acetylglucopyranoside substrate, and of beta-D-mannosidase was significantly higher in the serum of patients with carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein (CDG) syndrome type IA (phosphomannomutase deficiency) than in controls.	Carbohydrates	195-207	O-GlcNAcase	Homo sapiens	16-35
11089535-5	2000	Carbohydrate residues of the G2320R Tg mutant were of the high-mannose ER type, as shown by sensitivity to the treatment with endoglycosidase H. Molecular chaperones, GRP94, GRP78, and calreticulin, were all accumulated in the rdw rat thyroid glands.	Carbohydrates	0-12	calreticulin	Rattus norvegicus	185-197
7515344-7	1993	The antigenic epitopes to which mAb 72-45 directs is carbohydrate and those to mAb 72-142 is also carbohydrate, but also related to sialo-acid mucin in molecular structure.	Carbohydrates	53-65	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	143-148
7515344-7	1993	The antigenic epitopes to which mAb 72-45 directs is carbohydrate and those to mAb 72-142 is also carbohydrate, but also related to sialo-acid mucin in molecular structure.	Carbohydrates	98-110	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	143-148
1443548-9	1992	This suggests that all major ovalbumin isoforms are phosphorylated to the same degree and that heterology among ovalbumin isoforms resides solely in the carbohydrate structure.	Carbohydrates	153-165	ovalbumin	Bos taurus	112-121
11425189-5	2000	Using this method, we have demonstrated that the MUC1 tandem repeat epitope recognized by MAb 139H2 is masked predominantly due to steric hindrance by carbohydrate structures whereas the MUC2 tandem repeat epitope recognized by MAb CCP58 and pAb MRP and the MUC3 tandem repeat epitope recognized by pAb M3P are masked by the presence of carbohydrate side chains O-linked to Ser/Thr residues within the epitope.	Carbohydrates	151-163	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	49-53
1356732-9	1992	t-PA(C127) is known to possess the Gal alpha 1-3Gal epitope in its complex-type carbohydrate chains, whereas this structure is not involved in t-PA(CHO).	Carbohydrates	80-92	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	0-4
11128029-5	2000	All the monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) used in this study is IgM isotype and recognizes N-acetyl-galactosamine-linked carbohydrate core or backbone portion of airway mucin.	Carbohydrates	116-128	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	164-169
1356732-11	1992	These results imply that the formation of a high molecular weight complex by this carbohydrate epitope effectively reduces the rate of catabolism of t-PA in vivo.	Carbohydrates	82-94	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	149-153
8267903-9	1993	RESULTS: Complement activation by HIV envelope glycoproteins was found to be mediated by the binding of MBP to carbohydrates on natural envelope protein produced in virus-infected cells, as well as on glycosylated recombinant envelope proteins produced in insect cells.	Carbohydrates	111-124	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	104-107
11128029-11	2000	The data from the present study implicates that the carbohydrate chain of human and hamster airway mucin, but not that of rat airway mucin, share common antigenic structure.	Carbohydrates	52-64	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	99-104
11192832-4	2000	Tumor-associated MUC1 has short carbohydrate sidechains and exposed epitopes on its peptide core; it gains access to the circulation and comes into contact with the immune system provoking humoral and cellular immune responses.	Carbohydrates	32-44	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	17-21
8268918-7	1993	Our data suggest that muscle and non-muscle isoforms of dystroglycan differ by carbohydrate moieties but not protein sequence.	Carbohydrates	79-91	dystroglycan 1	Homo sapiens	56-68
1634623-3	1992	SP-D exhibits Ca(++)-dependent carbohydrate binding in vitro and is structurally related to the collagenous C-type lectins, including serum conglutinin, serum mannose-binding proteins, and surfactant protein A.	Carbohydrates	31-43	surfactant protein D	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
1634623-4	1992	Preliminary studies showed calcium- and saccharide-dependent binding of fluorescein-conjugated or radioiodinated SP-D to a variety of microorganisms, including Gram-negative bacteria and fungi.	Carbohydrates	40-50	surfactant protein D	Rattus norvegicus	113-117
1634623-6	1992	Binding of SP-D to Y1088 was time dependent, saturable, and inhibited by cold SP-D or competing saccharides; Scatchard analysis gave a Kd of 2 x 10(-11) M. At higher concentrations, SP-D also caused Ca(++)-dependent agglutination of Y1088 that was inhibited by alpha-glucosyl-containing saccharides, antisera to the carbohydrate-binding domain of SP-D, or Y1088 LPS.	Carbohydrates	96-107	surfactant protein D	Rattus norvegicus	11-15
11049062-10	2000	The addition of protein-based and carbohydrate-based fat replacers did not enhance the elastic properties of the ice creams but did increase the viscous properties.	Carbohydrates	34-46	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	53-56
1634623-6	1992	Binding of SP-D to Y1088 was time dependent, saturable, and inhibited by cold SP-D or competing saccharides; Scatchard analysis gave a Kd of 2 x 10(-11) M. At higher concentrations, SP-D also caused Ca(++)-dependent agglutination of Y1088 that was inhibited by alpha-glucosyl-containing saccharides, antisera to the carbohydrate-binding domain of SP-D, or Y1088 LPS.	Carbohydrates	287-298	surfactant protein D	Rattus norvegicus	11-15
1634623-6	1992	Binding of SP-D to Y1088 was time dependent, saturable, and inhibited by cold SP-D or competing saccharides; Scatchard analysis gave a Kd of 2 x 10(-11) M. At higher concentrations, SP-D also caused Ca(++)-dependent agglutination of Y1088 that was inhibited by alpha-glucosyl-containing saccharides, antisera to the carbohydrate-binding domain of SP-D, or Y1088 LPS.	Carbohydrates	316-328	surfactant protein D	Rattus norvegicus	11-15
8245407-2	1993	In many diseases disorders in mucin biosynthesis are observed, which result either from changes in the synthesis of the carbohydrate side chains or from differences in the relative expression of the different apomucins, each of which may affect physical properties of the viscous gel.	Carbohydrates	120-132	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	30-35
8366110-10	1993	Our results indicate that carbohydrate processing in [Asn22]lysozyme, including the synthesis of mannose 6-phosphate residues and of lactosamine repeats, is altered by the attached cathepsin D.	Carbohydrates	26-38	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	181-192
8060671-1	1993	Endo beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activities were determined based on conversion of oligosaccharides containing two N-acetylglucosamines to the oligosaccharides with a single N-acetylglucosamine at the reducing terminal and following their separation on a carbohydrate analyzer.	Carbohydrates	256-268	O-GlcNAcase	Homo sapiens	5-33
1380928-11	1992	The antibodies held on the ovalbumin affinity adsorbent were specific for the high mannose type carbohydrates such as those present in rhCG beta, rhCG and thyroglobulin and failed to react with transferrin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and hCG alpha, all containing complex type carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	96-109	Rh family C glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	135-139
1380928-11	1992	The antibodies held on the ovalbumin affinity adsorbent were specific for the high mannose type carbohydrates such as those present in rhCG beta, rhCG and thyroglobulin and failed to react with transferrin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and hCG alpha, all containing complex type carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	96-109	Rh family C glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	146-150
11027165-2	2000	This approach is especially important for the production of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein, gp120, since more than half of its total mass is due to carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	145-158	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	89-94
7688186-1	1993	A panel of 13 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has been raised to the central nervous system-specific glycoprotein, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; five of these mAbs recognize a carbohydrate epitope on the molecule.	Carbohydrates	180-192	myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	112-147
8354293-2	1993	Glucokinase first appears in the liver of the rat 2 weeks after birth and its activity rapidly increases after weaning on to a high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	132-144	glucokinase	Rattus norvegicus	0-11
8325870-6	1993	This indicates that the COOH-terminal half of CBP35 contains the carbohydrate recognition domain, consistent with its sequence homology to other S-type lectins.	Carbohydrates	65-77	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	46-51
1376775-3	1992	SAG contains the HNK-1 carbohydrate, which is considered by some to be a marker of adhesion molecules.	Carbohydrates	23-35	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-22
10997688-2	2000	Galectin-3 interacts with beta-galactoside residues of several cell surface and matrix glycoproteins through the carbohydrate recognition domain and is also capable of peptide-peptide associations mediated by its N-terminus domain.	Carbohydrates	113-125	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
1616876-1	1992	We have examined the carbohydrate composition of corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) obtained from rat and human serum.	Carbohydrates	21-33	serpin family A member 6	Rattus norvegicus	49-80
1616876-1	1992	We have examined the carbohydrate composition of corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) obtained from rat and human serum.	Carbohydrates	21-33	serpin family A member 6	Rattus norvegicus	82-85
1616876-4	1992	In contrast, the carbohydrate composition of rat CBG indicated the presence of more than one sialic acid residue per antenna.	Carbohydrates	17-29	serpin family A member 6	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
8509413-0	1993	Carbohydrate regulation of the rat L-type pyruvate kinase gene requires two nuclear factors: LF-A1 and a member of the c-myc family.	Carbohydrates	0-12	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Rattus norvegicus	119-124
8509413-13	1993	Thus, the factor that recognizes the PK MLTF-like site and participates in mediating the carbohydrate response of the L-PK gene appears to be a member of the c-myc family distinct from MLTF.	Carbohydrates	89-101	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Rattus norvegicus	158-163
11008645-4	2000	The nascent fragment C4b is covalently bound to the target activator; C4Ab binds better to the target protein (immunoglobulin), and C4Bb to the target carbohydrate (liposaccharide).	Carbohydrates	151-163	complement C4B (Chido blood group)	Homo sapiens	21-24
8364416-6	1993	Preliminary carbohydrate analysis suggested that p37 is a glycoprotein and contained about 11% neutral sugars and 6.6% sialic acid.	Carbohydrates	12-24	nucleoporin 37	Homo sapiens	49-52
1518160-1	1992	The surface of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), a causative agent for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), is covered with the major envelope glycoprotein gp120, of which the carbohydrate moiety accounted for 50% of the molecular mass.	Carbohydrates	190-202	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	170-175
1318018-7	1992	Investigation of the carbohydrate moieties of the proteins using glycosidases and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed pI values ranging from 4.6 to 4.9 and from 4.5 to 4.7 for HB1 and HB2 respectively, which after treatment with neuraminidase shifted towards basic pH (5.4-5.7 and 5.3-5.5 respectively).	Carbohydrates	21-33	keratin 82	Homo sapiens	193-196
10853031-2	2000	In this study, we examined in detail the changes in synthesis and secretion of mucin that occur in these cells and accompanying changes in the expression of cancer associated mucin related carbohydrate antigens and cell lineage associated biochemical markers.	Carbohydrates	189-201	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	175-180
1577827-0	1992	Specificity of lung surfactant protein SP-A for both the carbohydrate and the lipid moieties of certain neutral glycolipids.	Carbohydrates	57-69	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	39-43
8460602-4	1993	PPP-5-HT was low in obese individuals (mean +/- SD: 51.7 +/- 34.6 nmol/L) in comparison with lean individuals (94.31 +/- 85.2 nmol/L; P &lt; 0.01), in lean male carbohydrate cravers (22.7 +/- 16.4 nmol/L) in comparison with protein cravers (132.9 +/- 80.6 nmol/L; P &lt; 0.005) and noncravers (64.7 +/- 51.7 nmol/L; P &lt; 0.05), and in obese male carbohydrate cravers (34 +/- 22.7 nmol/L) in comparison with obese male protein cravers (98.8 +/- 28.4 nmol/L; P &lt; 0.001).	Carbohydrates	161-173	protein phosphatase 5 catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	0-5
8460602-4	1993	PPP-5-HT was low in obese individuals (mean +/- SD: 51.7 +/- 34.6 nmol/L) in comparison with lean individuals (94.31 +/- 85.2 nmol/L; P &lt; 0.01), in lean male carbohydrate cravers (22.7 +/- 16.4 nmol/L) in comparison with protein cravers (132.9 +/- 80.6 nmol/L; P &lt; 0.005) and noncravers (64.7 +/- 51.7 nmol/L; P &lt; 0.05), and in obese male carbohydrate cravers (34 +/- 22.7 nmol/L) in comparison with obese male protein cravers (98.8 +/- 28.4 nmol/L; P &lt; 0.001).	Carbohydrates	348-360	protein phosphatase 5 catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	0-5
8384065-0	1993	Immunohistochemical study of mucin carbohydrates and core proteins in human pancreatic tumors.	Carbohydrates	35-48	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	29-34
1566210-4	1992	Fat consumption correlated positively with total energy (r = 0.747; P less than 0.00001) and negatively with carbohydrate intake (r = -0.757; P less than 0.00001), suggesting that restrictions placed on carbohydrate energy sources were offset by greater fat ingestion.	Carbohydrates	109-121	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
10853031-6	2000	Immunoblot analysis showed a higher expression of mucin associated carbohydrate antigens such as T, Tn, sialyl Tn, sialyl Lea, sialyl Lex and non-O-acetylated sialic acid concomitant with significant increases in the expression of goblet cell lineage marker, MUC2 apomucin and a panepithelial cell marker, carcinoembryonic antigen.	Carbohydrates	67-79	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	50-55
1566210-4	1992	Fat consumption correlated positively with total energy (r = 0.747; P less than 0.00001) and negatively with carbohydrate intake (r = -0.757; P less than 0.00001), suggesting that restrictions placed on carbohydrate energy sources were offset by greater fat ingestion.	Carbohydrates	203-215	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
1566210-6	1992	Dietary advice to insulin-dependent diabetic patients must emphasise the freer consumption of unrefined carbohydrates, so as to reduce fat intake.	Carbohydrates	104-117	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	135-138
10848578-10	2000	We propose that control of CycD2 and CycD3 by sucrose forms part of cell cycle control in response to cellular carbohydrate status.	Carbohydrates	111-123	CYCLIN D3;1	Arabidopsis thaliana	37-42
1347797-0	1992	Influence of carbohydrate moieties on the immunogenicity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 recombinant gp160.	Carbohydrates	13-25	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	108-113
1347797-9	1992	These findings indicate that the carbohydrate moieties of gp160 can modulate the specificity and the protective efficiency of the antibody response to the molecule.	Carbohydrates	33-45	glutamyl aminopeptidase	Homo sapiens	58-63
8383333-4	1993	Binding was abolished by proteinase K treatment of tissue sections and by pretreatment of the bacteria with bovine submaxillary gland mucin, a rich source of fucosylated and sialylated carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	185-198	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Bos taurus	134-139
8436176-13	1993	Comparison of the gamma 1 and aglycosyl gamma 1 mAb in an experimental mouse model for CD3 mAb-induced cytokine release indicated that removal of the carbohydrate moiety from the gamma 1 constant region reduced the in vivo tumor necrosis factor-alpha response by a factor of at least 16-fold.	Carbohydrates	150-162	CD3 antigen, epsilon polypeptide	Mus musculus	87-90
8421308-1	1993	The C-terminal domain of rabbit serum hemopexin, comprising residues 215 to 435, has been crystallized following removal of the attached carbohydrate using the endoglycosidase Endo F. The crystals, grown by vapour diffusion from solutions containing polyethylene glycol 1500, are orthorhombic, with cell dimensions a = 41.0 A, b = 64.2 A, c = 85.2 A, space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), and one molecule in the asymmetric unit.	Carbohydrates	137-149	hemopexin	Homo sapiens	38-47
10862008-2	2000	Binding is mediated by a Ca(2+)-dependent carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) identical to that of the minor variant of rat hepatic lectin receptor 2/3 (RHL-2/3).	Carbohydrates	42-54	asialoglycoprotein receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	155-162
8218478-9	1993	These molecular weight estimates are consistent with the theoretical molecular weight range for apo(a) variants, calculated from sequence and carbohydrate analysis, of 238-643 kDa.	Carbohydrates	142-154	lipoprotein(a)	Homo sapiens	96-102
1587793-10	1992	After trifluoromethanesulfonic acid treatment, the molecular weight of RNase UpI-2 was reduced and approached that of nonsecretory RNase, which indicated that the protein contains a significant amount of carbohydrate (approximately 50%).	Carbohydrates	204-216	ribonuclease A family member 2	Homo sapiens	71-82
10814696-3	2000	To understand the significance of any changes in the glycosylation of arylsulfatase A in cancer, it is important to know the structure of its carbohydrate component in normal tissue.	Carbohydrates	142-154	arylsulfatase A	Homo sapiens	70-85
1370483-5	1992	There are 6 cysteine residues present in rat SP-D: 2 in the NH2-terminal noncollagenous segment and 4 in the COOH-terminal carbohydrate-binding domain.	Carbohydrates	123-135	surfactant protein D	Rattus norvegicus	45-49
1370485-0	1992	Modulation of the carbohydrate moiety of thyroglobulin by thyrotropin and calcium in Fisher rat thyroid line-5 cells.	Carbohydrates	18-30	thyroglobulin	Homo sapiens	41-54
8330614-9	1993	The respiratory exchange ratio was also higher in EX-CHO than in EX-FAT, suggesting enhanced carbohydrate oxidation in the former.	Carbohydrates	93-105	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-71
8436677-5	1993	Total tract apparent digestibilities of ADF and NDF were higher for 36% non-fiber carbohydrate diets.	Carbohydrates	82-94	destrin, actin depolymerizing factor	Bos taurus	40-43
10905473-1	2000	Studies from our laboratory using acute pharmacologic blockade of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity have suggested that nitric oxide (NO) has an important role in regulating carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	177-189	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	66-87
8416385-1	1993	Conflicting results have been reported regarding the role of carbohydrate on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope glycoprotein gp120 in CD4 receptor binding.	Carbohydrates	61-73	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	134-139
8416385-5	1993	Enzymatic removal of carbohydrate chains from glycosylated gp120 by endoglycosidase H or an endoglycosidase F/N glycanase mixture had no effect on the ability of gp120 to bind CD4.	Carbohydrates	21-33	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	59-64
1519464-7	1992	The TBG response of the GH-treated Hx rats, which is strongly resistant to inhibition by T3, might involve deshomeostasis of GH-controlled functions not necessarily linked to the thyroid, e.g. the pancreatic functions regulating carbohydrate or lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	229-241	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	24-26
1391595-0	1992	Analysis of carbohydrate residues on human thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin (Tg) and effects of deglycosylation, reduction and unfolding on autoantibody binding.	Carbohydrates	12-24	thyroglobulin	Homo sapiens	72-85
8416385-6	1993	An experiment which measured the ability of gp120 to bind to CD4 as an assay of the proper conformation of gp120 showed that carbohydrate chains on gp120 are not required for the interaction between gp120 and CD4 but that N-linked glycosylation is essential for generation of the proper conformation of gp120 to provide a CD4-binding site.	Carbohydrates	125-137	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	44-49
10727405-0	2000	The heparin-binding site in tetranectin is located in the N-terminal region and binding does not involve the carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	109-121	C-type lectin domain family 3 member B	Homo sapiens	28-39
8416385-6	1993	An experiment which measured the ability of gp120 to bind to CD4 as an assay of the proper conformation of gp120 showed that carbohydrate chains on gp120 are not required for the interaction between gp120 and CD4 but that N-linked glycosylation is essential for generation of the proper conformation of gp120 to provide a CD4-binding site.	Carbohydrates	125-137	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	107-112
8416385-6	1993	An experiment which measured the ability of gp120 to bind to CD4 as an assay of the proper conformation of gp120 showed that carbohydrate chains on gp120 are not required for the interaction between gp120 and CD4 but that N-linked glycosylation is essential for generation of the proper conformation of gp120 to provide a CD4-binding site.	Carbohydrates	125-137	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	107-112
8416385-6	1993	An experiment which measured the ability of gp120 to bind to CD4 as an assay of the proper conformation of gp120 showed that carbohydrate chains on gp120 are not required for the interaction between gp120 and CD4 but that N-linked glycosylation is essential for generation of the proper conformation of gp120 to provide a CD4-binding site.	Carbohydrates	125-137	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	107-112
8416385-6	1993	An experiment which measured the ability of gp120 to bind to CD4 as an assay of the proper conformation of gp120 showed that carbohydrate chains on gp120 are not required for the interaction between gp120 and CD4 but that N-linked glycosylation is essential for generation of the proper conformation of gp120 to provide a CD4-binding site.	Carbohydrates	125-137	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	107-112
1569123-8	1992	Immunocytochemical studies using monoclonal antibodies to carbohydrate epitopes on Muc-1 demonstrated that while Muc-1 was found at all developmental stages, it became increasingly sialylated during the course of pregnancy and into lactation.	Carbohydrates	58-70	mucin 1, transmembrane	Mus musculus	83-88
1569123-8	1992	Immunocytochemical studies using monoclonal antibodies to carbohydrate epitopes on Muc-1 demonstrated that while Muc-1 was found at all developmental stages, it became increasingly sialylated during the course of pregnancy and into lactation.	Carbohydrates	58-70	mucin 1, transmembrane	Mus musculus	113-118
10727405-6	2000	Here we show that the heparin-binding site in tetranectin resides not in the carbohydrate recognition domain but within the N-terminal region, comprising the 16 amino acid residues encoded by exon 1.	Carbohydrates	77-89	C-type lectin domain family 3 member B	Homo sapiens	46-57
1349715-0	1992	A low protein-high carbohydrate diet decreases D2 dopamine receptor density in rat brain.	Carbohydrates	19-31	dopamine receptor D2	Rattus norvegicus	47-67
1349715-3	1992	The low protein-high carbohydrate fed rats exhibited a significant decrease in the density (Bmax) of D2 dopamine receptor in the striatum (28%) and the mesolimbic regions (36%) with no apparent change in the receptor affinity (Kd).	Carbohydrates	21-33	dopamine receptor D2	Rattus norvegicus	101-121
1349715-4	1992	These findings suggest that long-term consumption of a low protein-high carbohydrate diet, by decreasing D2 dopamine receptor density, may be an important determinant of central dopaminergic function.	Carbohydrates	72-84	dopamine receptor D2	Rattus norvegicus	105-125
7518709-13	1993	In colon or pancreas, the CA19-9, DU-PAN-2, and SPan-1 carbohydrate structures have been reported to be present on the MUC1 mucin peptide.	Carbohydrates	55-67	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	119-123
7518709-13	1993	In colon or pancreas, the CA19-9, DU-PAN-2, and SPan-1 carbohydrate structures have been reported to be present on the MUC1 mucin peptide.	Carbohydrates	55-67	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	124-129
7518709-14	1993	Our present results suggest that in saliva, these carbohydrate antigens may be found on mucin peptides other than MUC1.	Carbohydrates	50-62	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	88-93
1477092-1	1992	Mannan-binding protein (MBP) is a lectin which, upon binding to certain carbohydrates, activates the classical pathway of complement without the involvement of antibody or C1q.	Carbohydrates	72-85	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	0-22
17024038-5	2000	Nevertheless, there is a fraction of what has been termed resistant starch (RS1), which enters the colon and acts as slowly digested, or lente, carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	144-156	retinoschisin 1	Homo sapiens	76-79
1284814-2	1992	We show the occurrence of saturable, temperature, pH, and calcium dependent carbohydrate-specific interactions between recombinant precursor gp160 (rgp160) and two affinity matrices: D-mannose-divinylsulfone-agarose, and natural glycoprotein, fetuin, also coupled to agarose.	Carbohydrates	76-88	glutamyl aminopeptidase	Homo sapiens	141-146
10750109-5	2000	Amino acids and carbohydrates represented 52.6 and 47.4% of the mucin by weight, respectively.	Carbohydrates	16-29	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Bos taurus	64-69
1484876-2	1992	Results indicate that CORT and the selective type II receptor agonist RU28362 specifically stimulate carbohydrate ingestion after SC or PVN administration, while DEX has no effect on feeding.	Carbohydrates	101-113	cortistatin	Rattus norvegicus	22-26
1484876-3	1992	This selective effect of SC CORT on carbohydrate ingestion is dose dependent, seen at doses ranging from 0.125 to 2.0 mg/kg.	Carbohydrates	36-48	cortistatin	Rattus norvegicus	28-32
1484876-4	1992	Moreover, the stimulatory effects of CORT and RU28362 on carbohydrate intake are observed in ADX rats but not in sham rats.	Carbohydrates	57-69	cortistatin	Rattus norvegicus	37-41
10688537-5	2000	This stimulatory effect was associated with a cytosolic protein and was found to be dependent on both the microsomes and the carbohydrate used in the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase system for the generation of NADPH.	Carbohydrates	125-137	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	150-183
1335459-5	1992	Our approach to this problem has been to use the six microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase proteins as a model system to study defects in carbohydrate metabolism in cases of SIDS.	Carbohydrates	133-145	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	64-85
10644694-8	2000	Selective removal of either the terminal mannose or the acyl residues esterifying the glycerol moiety of the ManLAM abrogates the interaction with hSP-A, further supporting the notion that the hSP-A recognition of the carbohydrate epitopes of the lipoglycans is dependent of the presence of the fatty acids.	Carbohydrates	218-230	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	147-152
1328073-1	1992	Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) known to recognize epithelial mucin or defined carbohydrate structures present on mucin molecules were screened for their ability to form cytotoxic agents with ricin A-chain active against human small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) in an indirect assay of immunotoxin cytotoxicity.	Carbohydrates	76-88	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	111-116
10698081-3	2000	Studies performed have concentrated on carbohydrate antigens related to the ABO, Lewis, and TTn blood group systems, i.e. histo-blood group antigens carried by type 1, 2, and 3 chain carrier carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	39-51	titin	Homo sapiens	92-95
1524442-1	1992	In this work we examine the carbohydrate binding properties of human placental mannose receptor (HMR) using a rapid and sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent microplate assay.	Carbohydrates	28-40	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	79-95
11206842-3	2000	MUC1 with sialylated carbohydrate chains was detected on the surface of transfected cells in two independent experiments.	Carbohydrates	21-33	mucin 1, transmembrane	Mus musculus	0-4
1396415-0	1992	Changes in the carbohydrate content of airway epithelium induced by human neutrophil elastase in the hamster.	Carbohydrates	15-27	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	74-93
1396415-1	1992	Hamster airway epithelial secretory cells were investigated by light and electron microscopic cytochemistry to study possible changes in their carbohydrate content induced by human neutrophil elastase (HNE), an agent known to cause replacement of Clara cells by mucous cells in hamster bronchi.	Carbohydrates	143-155	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	181-200
1396415-1	1992	Hamster airway epithelial secretory cells were investigated by light and electron microscopic cytochemistry to study possible changes in their carbohydrate content induced by human neutrophil elastase (HNE), an agent known to cause replacement of Clara cells by mucous cells in hamster bronchi.	Carbohydrates	143-155	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	202-205
10601862-9	2000	ZnBP is known to be an abundant acidic protein involved in cell proliferation, and interacts with histone H1 or key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism via its acidic domain.	Carbohydrates	127-139	parathymosin	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
1628773-0	1992	In vitro effects of amylin on carbohydrate metabolism in liver cells.	Carbohydrates	30-42	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	20-26
1628773-2	1992	The effects of biosynthetic human amylin on multiple aspects of carbohydrate metabolism were studied in freshly isolated and cultured liver cells (rat hepatocytes and HepG2 cells).	Carbohydrates	64-76	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	34-40
10611160-1	2000	BACKGROUND &amp; AIMS: Lactase is the intestinal disaccharidase responsible for digestion of lactose, the predominant carbohydrate in milk.	Carbohydrates	118-130	lactase	Homo sapiens	23-30
1639023-0	1992	Growth hormone increases intracellular free calcium in rat adipocytes: correlation with actions on carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	99-111	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	0-14
10729920-0	2000	Colonic mucin-carbohydrate components in colorectal tumors and their possible relationship to MUC2, p53 and DCC immunoreactivities.	Carbohydrates	14-26	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	8-13
1601888-1	1992	Chromogranin B and secretogranin II, two members of the granin family, are known to be post-translationally modified by the addition of O-linked carbohydrates to serine and/or threonine, phosphate to serine and threonine, and sulfate to carbohydrate and tyrosine residues.	Carbohydrates	145-157	chromogranin B	Homo sapiens	0-35
10729920-1	2000	To clarify changes in mucus components during colorectal tumorigenesis, we developed novel monoclonal antibodies (Abs) against carbohydrate chains of human colorectal mucin (HCM) obtained from normal sigmoid and rectal mucosae.	Carbohydrates	127-139	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	167-172
10601355-3	1999	Within their extracellular carbohydrate recognition domains, NKG2C and NKG2E share extensive homology with NKG2A (93-95% amino acid similarity); however, NKG2C/E receptors differ from NKG2A in their cytoplasmic domains (only 33% similarity) and contain features that suggest that CD94/NKG2C and CD94/NKG2E may be activating receptors.	Carbohydrates	27-39	killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily C, member 2	Mus musculus	61-66
1378032-5	1992	These data suggest that at least a part of the structural basis for the difference between the serum levels of antigen MUSE11 and CA15-3 could be carbohydrate side chains including sialic acids.	Carbohydrates	146-158	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	130-136
1577827-10	1992	A recombinant carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of human SP-A inhibits the binding of human SP-A to galactosyl ceramide and to galactose- and mannose-bovine serum albumin, indicating that the CRD is directly involved in the binding of SP-A to these ligands.	Carbohydrates	14-26	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	61-65
1577827-10	1992	A recombinant carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of human SP-A inhibits the binding of human SP-A to galactosyl ceramide and to galactose- and mannose-bovine serum albumin, indicating that the CRD is directly involved in the binding of SP-A to these ligands.	Carbohydrates	14-26	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	96-100
1577827-10	1992	A recombinant carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of human SP-A inhibits the binding of human SP-A to galactosyl ceramide and to galactose- and mannose-bovine serum albumin, indicating that the CRD is directly involved in the binding of SP-A to these ligands.	Carbohydrates	14-26	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	96-100
10601355-3	1999	Within their extracellular carbohydrate recognition domains, NKG2C and NKG2E share extensive homology with NKG2A (93-95% amino acid similarity); however, NKG2C/E receptors differ from NKG2A in their cytoplasmic domains (only 33% similarity) and contain features that suggest that CD94/NKG2C and CD94/NKG2E may be activating receptors.	Carbohydrates	27-39	killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily C, member 3	Mus musculus	71-76
10631616-2	1999	Given that the complexes are proposed to function by interacting with insulin receptor, trapping it in its active conformation, in contrast to current chromium-containing nutrition supplements, which only serve as sources of absorbable chromium, changes in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism would be expected.	Carbohydrates	267-279	insulin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	70-86
1599912-0	1992	Idiotype network responses to murine immunoglobulin G3 anti-carbohydrate antibodies.	Carbohydrates	60-72	Immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 3	Mus musculus	37-54
1373294-0	1992	Monoclonal antibody FW6 generated against a mucin-carbohydrate of human amniotic fluid recognises a colonic tumour-associated epitope.	Carbohydrates	50-62	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	44-49
10542261-7	1999	No binding was seen to recombinant SP-D composed of the neck region and carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-D, indicating that the interaction between MFAP4 and SP-D is mediated via the collagen region of SP-D.	Carbohydrates	72-84	pulmonary surfactant-associated protein D	Bos taurus	107-111
1312106-4	1992	Terminal sialic acid residues were removed by neuraminidase treatment from the carbohydrate side chains of the heavily glycosylated gp120.	Carbohydrates	79-91	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	46-59
1737787-7	1992	Thus, the human CA IV is the exceptional one in lacking carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	56-68	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	16-21
10542261-7	1999	No binding was seen to recombinant SP-D composed of the neck region and carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-D, indicating that the interaction between MFAP4 and SP-D is mediated via the collagen region of SP-D.	Carbohydrates	72-84	pulmonary surfactant-associated protein D	Bos taurus	107-111
10542261-7	1999	No binding was seen to recombinant SP-D composed of the neck region and carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-D, indicating that the interaction between MFAP4 and SP-D is mediated via the collagen region of SP-D.	Carbohydrates	72-84	pulmonary surfactant-associated protein D	Bos taurus	107-111
10634963-0	1999	Effect of glucagon on carbohydrate-mediated secretion of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36 amide) (GLP-1).	Carbohydrates	22-34	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	150-155
1736033-5	1992	However, during carbohydrate-based feeding, carbohydrate balance (288 +/- 93 kcal/d) and fat balance (-327 +/- 107 kcal/d) were significantly different from zero (P less than .05), indicating continuous oxidation of endogenous fat and storage of administered glucose.	Carbohydrates	16-28	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	227-230
10528213-0	1999	L-selectin ligands expressed by human leukocytes are HECA-452 antibody-defined carbohydrate epitopes preferentially displayed by P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1.	Carbohydrates	79-91	hdc homolog, cell cycle regulator	Homo sapiens	53-57
1736036-4	1992	After a carbohydrate-rich meal, PPP 5-HT values increased significantly (4.47-fold, P less than .02), whereas a smaller increase (1.66-fold, P = NS) was observed after a fat-rich meal.	Carbohydrates	8-20	protein phosphatase 5 catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	32-37
1582899-11	1992	A model is presented implicating pST-induced decreases in peripheral tissue insulin sensitivity and(or) responsiveness in the observed temporal responses in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	167-179	insulin	Sus scrofa	76-83
10528213-12	1999	Therefore, the HECA-452-defined carbohydrate determinant displayed on PSGL-1 represented the predominant L-selectin and P-selectin ligand expressed by neutrophils.	Carbohydrates	32-44	hdc homolog, cell cycle regulator	Homo sapiens	15-19
1284381-4	1992	The purpose of this study was to determine its effect on expression of mucin carbohydrate antigens.	Carbohydrates	77-89	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	71-76
10508773-3	1999	In addition, structures of galectin-7 and of the carbohydrate-recognition domain of galectin-3 have given evidence of a new galectin quaternary structure.	Carbohydrates	49-61	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	84-94
1834654-0	1991	Key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism as targets of the 11.5-kDa Zn(2+)-binding protein (parathymosin).	Carbohydrates	15-27	parathymosin	Homo sapiens	90-102
10521535-2	1999	According to its primary sequence, this MR60/ERGIC-53 protein contains a luminal domain including the carbohydrate recognition domain, a stem, a transmembrane segment and a cytosolic domain.	Carbohydrates	102-114	lectin, mannose binding 1	Homo sapiens	40-44
1783599-0	1991	Carbohydrate structures of human interleukin 5 expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells.	Carbohydrates	0-12	interleukin 5	Homo sapiens	33-46
10521535-2	1999	According to its primary sequence, this MR60/ERGIC-53 protein contains a luminal domain including the carbohydrate recognition domain, a stem, a transmembrane segment and a cytosolic domain.	Carbohydrates	102-114	lectin, mannose binding 1	Homo sapiens	45-53
1718585-1	1991	The breast cancer-associated epitope (mammary serum antigen or MSA) defined by monoclonal antibody (Mab) 3E1.2 is a neuraminidase-sensitive carbohydrate expressed on MUC-1-encoded molecules.	Carbohydrates	140-152	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	116-129
10600033-5	1999	The antibodies recognized carbohydrate epitopes because their immunoreactivity was completely abolished by treatment of the mucin with 5 mM periodate.	Carbohydrates	26-38	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	124-129
1718585-1	1991	The breast cancer-associated epitope (mammary serum antigen or MSA) defined by monoclonal antibody (Mab) 3E1.2 is a neuraminidase-sensitive carbohydrate expressed on MUC-1-encoded molecules.	Carbohydrates	140-152	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	166-171
1718585-2	1991	However, the reactivity of Mab 3E1.2 is also reduced by protease treatment of the mucin, which suggests that 3E1.2 binds to multimers of the sialylated carbohydrate in a protein conformation-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	152-164	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	82-87
1718585-7	1991	This is likely to be a core glycan since 3E1.2 reacts after treatment of the mucin with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, which removes most backbone and peripheral carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	162-175	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	77-82
1717490-10	1991	Thus, while the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope is strongly coupled to PI-GP150, its expression can be regulated independently of that of PI-GP150.	Carbohydrates	22-34	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	16-21
1936264-0	1991	8-37h-CGRP antagonizes actions of amylin on carbohydrate metabolism in vitro and in vivo.	Carbohydrates	44-56	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	6-10
10456901-4	1999	Binding studies using a mutant recombinant rat SP-D with altered carbohydrate recognition but normal structural organization clearly established a role for the carbohydrate recognition domain in binding to conidia.	Carbohydrates	65-77	surfactant protein D	Rattus norvegicus	47-51
1898081-2	1991	Using a degenerate oligomeric probe corresponding to a conserved peptide sequence derived from the amino-terminus of the putative carbohydrate binding domain of rat and bovine SP-D, we screened a human lung cDNA library and isolated a 1.4-kb cDNA for the human protein.	Carbohydrates	130-142	pulmonary surfactant-associated protein D	Bos taurus	176-180
1717254-2	1991	Site-directed mutagenesis has now been used to create novel carbohydrate addition sequences in the CDR2 of a non-glycosylated anti-dextran at Asn54 (TST2) and Asn60 (TSU7).	Carbohydrates	60-72	cerebellar degeneration related protein 2	Homo sapiens	99-103
1919004-2	1991	The previous discovery of an animal lectin, IgE-binding protein (epsilon BP), affords an opportunity to study potential carbohydrate-dependent effector functions of IgE.	Carbohydrates	120-132	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	44-63
10456901-4	1999	Binding studies using a mutant recombinant rat SP-D with altered carbohydrate recognition but normal structural organization clearly established a role for the carbohydrate recognition domain in binding to conidia.	Carbohydrates	160-172	surfactant protein D	Rattus norvegicus	47-51
10484571-8	1999	The results reveal that dietary induction of hepatic FAS is stimulated by increased nuclear protein binding to insulin responsive sequence and carbohydrate response element, whereas exhaustive exercise attenuates the binding, which may precede downregulation of FAS mRNA and enzyme synthesis reported in our previous work (M. A. Griffiths, R. Fiebig, M. T. Gore, D. H. Baker, K. Esser, L. Oscai, and L. L. Ji.	Carbohydrates	143-155	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	53-56
1761628-4	1991	rtPA was treated with neuraminidase which removes the sialic acids from the carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	76-88	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	22-35
1898096-4	1991	The carbohydrate analysis of gp160 and gp120 and the behavior of the glycoproteins and glycopeptides derived from them on immobilized lectins demonstrate that both of these glycoproteins contain complex- and high-mannose-type Asn-linked oligosaccharides.	Carbohydrates	4-16	glutamyl aminopeptidase	Homo sapiens	29-34
1898343-0	1991	Carbohydrate structure of human pancreatic elastase 1.	Carbohydrates	0-12	chymotrypsin like elastase 1	Homo sapiens	32-53
1898343-1	1991	Human pancreatic elastase 1 (E1) is a glycoprotein containing two potential N-glycosylation sites, one of which carries a carbohydrate moiety [Wendorf, Geyer, Sziegoleit &amp; Linder (1989) FEBS Lett.	Carbohydrates	122-134	chymotrypsin like elastase 1	Homo sapiens	6-27
1955070-11	1991	Deglycosylated hCG was about 10 times less potent than hCG suggesting a role of carbohydrates of hCG in inducing hCG-Gs protein interactions.	Carbohydrates	80-93	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	15-18
1955070-11	1991	Deglycosylated hCG was about 10 times less potent than hCG suggesting a role of carbohydrates of hCG in inducing hCG-Gs protein interactions.	Carbohydrates	80-93	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	55-58
10619166-5	1999	Presently, in Europe, inulin-type fructans, characterised by the presence of fructosyl units bound to the beta-2,1 position of sucrose, are considered as one of the carbohydrate prebiotic references.	Carbohydrates	165-177	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	106-112
1955070-11	1991	Deglycosylated hCG was about 10 times less potent than hCG suggesting a role of carbohydrates of hCG in inducing hCG-Gs protein interactions.	Carbohydrates	80-93	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	55-58
1955070-11	1991	Deglycosylated hCG was about 10 times less potent than hCG suggesting a role of carbohydrates of hCG in inducing hCG-Gs protein interactions.	Carbohydrates	80-93	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	55-58
1959471-5	1991	The only data indicating that low-fat high-carbohydrate diets lead to beneficial effects on carbohydrate and lipoprotein metabolism are confounded either by the lack of suitable experimental control, by the fact that diets also differed in the type of dietary fat and amount of dietary cholesterol, or were enormously enriched in dietary fiber.	Carbohydrates	43-55	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	260-263
1959471-5	1991	The only data indicating that low-fat high-carbohydrate diets lead to beneficial effects on carbohydrate and lipoprotein metabolism are confounded either by the lack of suitable experimental control, by the fact that diets also differed in the type of dietary fat and amount of dietary cholesterol, or were enormously enriched in dietary fiber.	Carbohydrates	92-104	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	34-37
1959471-7	1991	Indeed, it could be argued that the most characteristic defects in carbohydrate and lipoprotein metabolism are exacerbated in response to low-fat high-carbohydrate diets.	Carbohydrates	67-79	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	142-145
1959471-7	1991	Indeed, it could be argued that the most characteristic defects in carbohydrate and lipoprotein metabolism are exacerbated in response to low-fat high-carbohydrate diets.	Carbohydrates	151-163	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	142-145
1719365-1	1991	The functional monoclonal antibody, selected based on the inhibition of cell motility, was found to be directed to specific carbohydrate structure Fuc alpha 1----2 Gal beta 1----R. This monoclonal antibody, MIA15-5 was established after immunization of mice with adenocarcinoma line of the lung PC7, and selected based on inhibition of U937, HEL, and MAC10 cell migration due to the transwell assay.	Carbohydrates	124-136	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 7	Mus musculus	295-298
10409472-4	1999	The serum Lp(a) concentration was significantly negatively correlated with carbohydrate intake (as % of energy), and positively correlated with plasma total cholesterol.	Carbohydrates	75-87	lipoprotein(a)	Homo sapiens	10-15
1679326-1	1991	Amylin is a pancreatic islet beta-cell peptide hormone which modulates carbohydrate metabolism in skeletal muscle and liver, and could contribute to impaired insulin sensitivity in Type II diabetes.	Carbohydrates	71-83	islet amyloid polypeptide	Mesocricetus auratus	0-6
1720412-3	1991	Carbohydrate-free rat AFP was electrophoretically homogeneous.	Carbohydrates	0-12	alpha-fetoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	22-25
1713615-1	1991	Monoclonal antibody HNK-1 reacts with a carbohydrate epitope present in proteins, proteoglycans, and sulfoglucuronylglycolipids (SGGLs).	Carbohydrates	40-52	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	20-25
10444252-9	1999	Further, the carbohydrate-specific anti-mucin antibodies produced by PFL patients may differ in their specificity from those found in asymptomatic individuals.	Carbohydrates	13-25	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	40-45
10409167-2	1999	In contrast, four carbohydrate-specific monoclonal antibodies stained mucin glycoforms in consistent subsets of goblet cells.	Carbohydrates	18-30	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	70-75
1720102-8	1991	It thus appears that alterations of the carbohydrate structure of hCG can be associated with a change in affinity between some antibodies and their respective epitopes but not with a loss of an epitope or with a change in the topographical relationships of the 14 epitopes.	Carbohydrates	40-52	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	66-69
1831197-8	1991	The sequence of IX/X-bp showed 25-37% identity with that of the C-type carbohydrate recognition domain-like structure of acorn barnacle lectin, human and rat asialoglycoprotein receptors, the human lymphocyte Fc epsilon receptor for immunoglobulin E, proteoglycan core protein, pancreatic stone protein, and tetranectin.	Carbohydrates	71-83	C-type lectin domain family 3 member B	Homo sapiens	308-319
1905719-1	1991	Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) (EC 3.2.1.23/62) is a major intestinal microvillar membrane glycoprotein that digests lactose, the main carbohydrate of milk.	Carbohydrates	138-150	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-27
1905719-1	1991	Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) (EC 3.2.1.23/62) is a major intestinal microvillar membrane glycoprotein that digests lactose, the main carbohydrate of milk.	Carbohydrates	138-150	lactase	Homo sapiens	29-32
2018763-2	1991	This charge heterogeneity could be eliminated by neuraminidase treatment of rCD4 and therefore can be attributed to different degrees of sialylation of the carbohydrate portion of this glycoprotein.	Carbohydrates	156-168	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	49-62
10652609-4	1999	Recent information concerning the structure, function and likely role of CD1 in presentation of hydrophobic lipid and carbohydrate antigens to the immune system is detailed.	Carbohydrates	118-130	CD1a molecule	Homo sapiens	73-76
2018482-3	1991	We report here that vesicle aggregation is mediated by Ca2(+)-induced interactions between carbohydrate-binding domains and oligosaccharide moieties of SP-A.	Carbohydrates	91-103	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	152-156
1706662-0	1991	Development of monoclonal antibodies against different protein and carbohydrate epitopes of dipeptidyl peptidase IV from rat liver plasma membranes.	Carbohydrates	67-79	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	92-115
10403464-1	1999	The large carbohydrate moiety of low-Mr salivary mucin MUC7 (originally referred to as MG2) is subject to variations.	Carbohydrates	10-22	mucin 7, secreted	Homo sapiens	55-59
1999142-11	1991	Moreover, the carbohydrate side chains of both subunits of hCG are positioned on the outward face of the receptor-hormone complex.	Carbohydrates	14-26	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	59-62
1654723-1	1991	Insulin-like growth factors I and II have been shown differentially to affect the growth and carbohydrate metabolism of differentiating cartilage developed from mouse embryonic limb buds in organ culture.	Carbohydrates	93-105	insulin-like growth factor 1	Mus musculus	0-36
10403464-1	1999	The large carbohydrate moiety of low-Mr salivary mucin MUC7 (originally referred to as MG2) is subject to variations.	Carbohydrates	10-22	mucin 7, secreted	Homo sapiens	87-90
10358066-1	1999	We isolated a cDNA encoding a novel glucuronyltransferase, designated GlcAT-D, involved in the biosynthesis of the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope from rat embryo cDNA by the degenerate polymerase chain reaction method.	Carbohydrates	121-133	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	115-120
1760160-4	1991	The mucin preparation consists of 24% protein and 73% carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	54-66	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	4-9
1856221-14	1991	These molecules were targeted to lysosomes, and their carbohydrate was trimmed to an endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H-resistant form.	Carbohydrates	54-66	O-GlcNAcase	Homo sapiens	90-118
1988113-3	1991	Consistent with near-complete removal of carbohydrate, the apomucin had 10- to 70-fold decreased binding of lectins and, unlike the native mucin, served as an acceptor for polypeptidyl N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferase.	Carbohydrates	41-53	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	62-67
10196018-6	1999	A family history of chronic nephritis, susceptibility to the common cold, preference for salty foods, frequent consumption of raw eggs, and a high intake of carbohydrates, including rice, were significantly associated with an increased risk for IgAN.	Carbohydrates	157-170	IGAN1	Homo sapiens	245-249
2048932-3	1991	Endoglycosidase H and N-glycosidase F treatment of purified acid trehalase in vitro resulted in a 41 kDa band, indicating that the precursor form found in sec61 mutant cells corresponds to the carbohydrate-free form of the enzyme.	Carbohydrates	193-205	translocon subunit SEC61	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	155-160
1714552-2	1991	The specificity of this antibody resembles that of a family of anti-carbohydrate antibodies that includes HNK-1, L2, NC-1 and NSP-4, as well as IgMs that occur in some human neuropathies.	Carbohydrates	68-80	serine protease 57	Homo sapiens	126-131
1726506-1	1991	Twelve colorectal carcinomas with transitional mucosa and 10 colorectal adenomas which previously displayed weak or no carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) expression were selected to verify whether neuraminidase unmasks CEA carbohydrate epitopes and, consequently, enhances the CEA expression.	Carbohydrates	219-231	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	193-206
10344672-4	1999	The interaction between microbes and mucins involves mucin carbohydrate side chains and microbial adhesin molecules.	Carbohydrates	59-71	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	37-42
1850375-5	1991	These results indicate that normal acinar cells of the pancreas are capable of expressing selected carbohydrate structures associated with the initial steps of mucin glycosylation.	Carbohydrates	99-111	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	160-165
1710206-13	1991	In conclusion, MAbs to carbohydrate-dependent epitopes on SIMA and LIMA identify the oncofetal pattern of expression of these distinct intestinal mucin glycoproteins in colonic and gastric carcinoma.	Carbohydrates	23-35	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	146-151
2128175-0	1990	Effect of dietary carbohydrates and ethanol on expression of genes encoding sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, aldolase, and phosphoglycerate kinase in Drosophila larvae.	Carbohydrates	18-31	Phosphoglycerate kinase	Drosophila melanogaster	129-152
2128175-2	1990	We have examined the effect of dietary carbohydrates and ethanol on expression of the genes encoding glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH), aldolase (ALD), and phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) in D. melanogaster larvae.	Carbohydrates	39-52	Phosphoglycerate kinase	Drosophila melanogaster	164-187
10217709-3	1999	The saccharide moieties linked to the C-3, C-6, and C-24 or C-25 positions of the aglycons in 1-6 contained either xylopyranose, glucopyranose, rhamnopyranose, or arabinopyranose units.	Carbohydrates	4-14	complement C6	Homo sapiens	43-46
1700072-1	1990	Monoclonal antibody HNK-1-reactive carbohydrate epitope is expressed on proteins, proteoglycans, and sulfoglucuronyl glycolipids (SGGLs).	Carbohydrates	35-47	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	20-25
1964454-0	1990	Regulation of the gene expression of glucokinase and L-type pyruvate kinase in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes by hormones and carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	131-144	glucokinase	Rattus norvegicus	37-48
1964454-1	1990	The regulation of the gene expression of two important glycolytic enzymes, glucokinase and L-type pyruvate kinase, by hormones and carbohydrates was studied, in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes.	Carbohydrates	131-144	glucokinase	Rattus norvegicus	75-86
2018153-3	1991	The human and swine trachea mucin glycoproteins showed extensive immunological homology in both their carbohydrate and polypeptide chains.	Carbohydrates	102-114	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	28-33
2018153-4	1991	The carbohydrate chains and unglycosylated region of the polypeptide chain in Cowper"s gland mucin glycoprotein showed little or no cross-reaction with comparable regions in respiratory mucin glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	4-16	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	93-98
10341360-3	1999	In some epithelial malignancies, MUC1 is up-regulated, and as a result of changes in glycosyl and sialytransferases, the complex carbohydrate side chains are truncated, leading to exposure of novel peptide and carbohydrate epitopes.	Carbohydrates	129-141	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	33-37
1840523-12	1991	The reductase protein contains a leucine-zipper motif and reveals a marked similarity with other oxidoreductases most of which are involved in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	143-155	chalcone reductase CHR1	Glycine max	4-13
1709970-0	1991	Expression of mucin type carbohydrates may supplement histologic diagnosis in oral premalignant lesions.	Carbohydrates	25-38	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	14-19
1846577-1	1991	To delineate the role of carbohydrate moiety in the expression of in vitro thyrotropic activity of hCG, its variants that lacked sialic acid residues or the entire carbohydrate moiety on one or both subunits were prepared.	Carbohydrates	25-37	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	99-102
2174119-1	1990	Glycosylated chimeric mouse-human anti-NIP IgG3 antibody produced by growth of the J558L mouse B cell plasmacytoma is characterised with respect to the single carbohydrate chain at Asn-297 in the CH2 domain indicating that the mouse cell glycosyl transferases dictate the pattern of glycosylation rather than the human CH region of the heavy chain.	Carbohydrates	159-171	Immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 3	Mus musculus	43-47
2085387-2	1990	The purified bovine PTP consists on SDS gels of two carbohydrate-free polypeptide chains (Gross et al., 1985).	Carbohydrates	52-64	regenerating islet-derived protein 3-gamma	Bos taurus	20-23
2085387-8	1990	Comparison of bovine PTP with other proteins reveals significant structural relatedness with the single-chain homologues from human and rat pancreas and with the motif associated with Ca2(+)-dependent carbohydrate recognition domains.	Carbohydrates	201-213	regenerating islet-derived protein 3-gamma	Bos taurus	21-24
10341360-3	1999	In some epithelial malignancies, MUC1 is up-regulated, and as a result of changes in glycosyl and sialytransferases, the complex carbohydrate side chains are truncated, leading to exposure of novel peptide and carbohydrate epitopes.	Carbohydrates	210-222	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	33-37
10070955-1	1999	Intestinal metaplasia is a well-established premalignant condition of the stomach that is characterized by mucin carbohydrate modifications defined by histochemical methods.	Carbohydrates	113-125	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	107-112
2191886-7	1990	The prolongation of P300 did not correct immediately when plasma glucose was raised to basal levels with intravenous glucose but returned to normal 45-75 min later, after ingestion of a carbohydrate-containing meal.	Carbohydrates	186-198	E1A binding protein p300	Homo sapiens	20-24
1846577-13	1991	Results of these studies strongly suggest that the optimal expression of in vitro thyrotropic activity of hCG variants in FRTL-5 cells may require an alpha-subunit, with intact carbohydrate, in combination with the deglycosylated beta-subunit.	Carbohydrates	177-189	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	106-109
1846577-14	1991	Further, they demonstrate that modification of the hCG carbohydrate moiety alone can transform it from a weak agonist to a potent stimulator of in vitro thyrotropic bioactivity.	Carbohydrates	55-67	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	51-54
1694784-0	1990	Location and characterization of the three carbohydrate prosthetic groups of human protein HC.	Carbohydrates	43-55	alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor	Homo sapiens	83-93
10070964-0	1999	Human colon adenocarcinomas express a MUC1-associated novel carbohydrate epitope on core mucin glycans defined by a monoclonal antibody (A10) raised against murine Ehrlich tumor cells.	Carbohydrates	60-72	mucin 1, transmembrane	Mus musculus	38-42
1694784-1	1990	Three different carbohydrate prosthetic groups associated to three chymotryptic peptides, Q1, Q2 and Q3, were isolated from the reduced and carboxymethylated human protein HC.	Carbohydrates	16-28	alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor	Homo sapiens	164-174
1847560-8	1991	It is postulated that BRIC 66 is specific for terminal alpha-GalNAc units in carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	77-89	ATPase phospholipid transporting 8B1	Homo sapiens	22-26
10070964-0	1999	Human colon adenocarcinomas express a MUC1-associated novel carbohydrate epitope on core mucin glycans defined by a monoclonal antibody (A10) raised against murine Ehrlich tumor cells.	Carbohydrates	60-72	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	89-94
10225274-9	1999	Furthermore, a gp160 mutant (deficient for three carbohydrate sites on the gp41), shown to be poorly processed with the coexpressed endoproteases, is found to be transported as an uncleaved precursor to the cell surface.	Carbohydrates	49-61	glutamyl aminopeptidase	Homo sapiens	15-20
1368675-5	1991	Bombyx PTTH is expected to contain a carbohydrate chain bound to an asparagine at position 41, deduced from the cDNA sequence.	Carbohydrates	37-49	prothoracicotropic hormone	Bombyx mori	7-11
1696647-5	1990	Neuraminidase treatment destroyed the antigenicity of all proteins, confirming that N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc) at the non-reducing terminal of carbohydrate chains is the antigenic epitope in serum glycoprotein molecules as already confirmed in glycosphingolipid (GSL) antigens.	Carbohydrates	150-162	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	0-13
10082676-0	1999	Molecular cloning and expression of a second glucuronyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope.	Carbohydrates	109-121	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	103-108
2323510-0	1990	The carbohydrate composition of mucin in colonic cancer.	Carbohydrates	4-16	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	32-37
2323510-4	1990	We also found a reduction in mean oligosaccharide chain length in cancer-associated mucin (5.83 carbohydrate residues per chain) compared with those derived from normal colons (10.2 residues).	Carbohydrates	96-108	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	84-89
2050549-2	1991	The carbohydrate-binding sites were localized with FITC-coupled neoglycoproteins, synthesized by chemical glycosylation of bovine serum albumin (BSA).	Carbohydrates	4-16	albumin	Mus musculus	130-143
10082676-9	1999	Northern blot analysis indicated that this newly cloned glucuronyltransferase is expressed in the nervous system, consistent with the selective localization of the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope in the nervous system.	Carbohydrates	170-182	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	164-169
10082676-10	1999	Transfection of this cDNA into COS-1 cells induced the expression of the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope on cell surfaces, and induced the morphological changes in these cells.	Carbohydrates	79-91	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	73-78
1978828-2	1990	The liver/islet (GLUT2) and muscle/adipose tissue (GLUT4) glucose-transporter gene products, membrane proteins that facilitate glucose uptake into cells, are important molecules for normal carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	189-201	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Homo sapiens	51-56
10082676-11	1999	These results indicated that this newly cloned cDNA is a second glucuronyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope.	Carbohydrates	128-140	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	122-127
10091584-6	1999	ZPB and ZPC can not be separated from each other unless the acidic N-acetyllactosamine regions of their carbohydrate chains are removed by endo-beta-galactosidase digestion.	Carbohydrates	104-116	zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 3	Sus scrofa	8-11
2140264-0	1990	Glycosylation and processing of carbohydrate side chains of ecto-5"-nucleotidase in cultured human chorionic cells.	Carbohydrates	32-44	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	60-80
2140264-1	1990	Glycosylation and carbohydrate processing of ecto-5"-nucleotidase were studied in cultured human chorionic cells using metabolic labelling and immunoprecipitation with monoclonal antibodies.	Carbohydrates	18-30	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	45-65
2119296-1	1990	The insulin receptor was immunoprecipitated from cultured human lymphocytes (IM-9) and rat hepatocytes (Fao) after biosynthetic labeling with [3H]glucosamine or [3H]mannose, and the nature of the carbohydrate units was investigated.	Carbohydrates	196-208	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	4-20
10091584-10	1999	The carbohydrate structures of the neutral N-linked chains from each glycopeptide were characterized by two-dimensional sugar mapping analysis taking into consideration the structures of the main, intact neutral N-linked chains of ZPB/ZPC mixture reported previously.	Carbohydrates	4-16	zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 3	Sus scrofa	235-238
2338270-1	1990	Infusion of fat into the ileum slows small bowel transit and increases absorption of a carbohydrate meal.	Carbohydrates	87-99	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	12-15
10092985-5	1999	Incremental integrated GLP-1 responses to oral carbohydrate post-heparin in lean (P &lt; 0.01) and obese (P &lt; 0.05) subjects were significantly lower than after acipimox.	Carbohydrates	47-59	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	23-28
2156567-2	1990	In order to determine the significance of carbohydrate residues of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in receptor interaction and signal transduction leading to steroidogenesis, the effect of deglycosylated hCG (DG-hCG) was studied in vitro with two different hCG-responsive purified testicular interstitial cell fractions.	Carbohydrates	42-54	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	97-100
2119296-3	1990	The susceptibility of the insulin receptor to this enzyme indicates that its carbohydrate units contain poly-N-acetyllactosamine sequences.	Carbohydrates	77-89	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	26-42
2119296-5	1990	Several differences in the carbohydrate chains of the insulin receptor from the Fao and IM-9 cells indicated that glycosylation was cell specific despite the occurrence of poly-N-acetyllactosamine chains in both cell types.	Carbohydrates	27-39	insulin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	54-70
2271565-1	1990	SP-A is a lung-specific pulmonary surfactant-associated protein containing a calcium-dependent carbohydrate recognition domain and collagen-like sequence.	Carbohydrates	95-107	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	0-4
10595593-6	1999	These results suggest that short-term running exercise reduces circulating leptin before any reduction of adipose mass, and this reduction in the concentration of leptin available to its receptors has beneficial effects on the metabolism of fat and carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	249-262	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	163-169
2271565-9	1990	This region of SP-A contains a carbohydrate recognition domain homologous to other C-type lectins.	Carbohydrates	31-43	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	15-19
2289629-4	1990	It appears that the differences between the normal and the choriocarcinoma alpha- and beta-subunits of hCG reside primarily in the carbohydrates rather than the amino acid sequences.	Carbohydrates	131-144	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	103-106
2327966-1	1990	We have examined the effects of starvation, normal lab chow and low-fat carbohydrate-rich diet on rat fatty acid synthase (FAS, EC 2.3.1.85).	Carbohydrates	72-84	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	102-121
2327966-1	1990	We have examined the effects of starvation, normal lab chow and low-fat carbohydrate-rich diet on rat fatty acid synthase (FAS, EC 2.3.1.85).	Carbohydrates	72-84	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	123-126
2327966-2	1990	Under each of the dietary conditions the amount of FAS mRNA is different, the most being produced after a low-fat carbohydrate-rich diet.	Carbohydrates	114-126	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
2313094-2	1990	A rabbit antiserum was prepared against the purified MBP and an enzyme-linked immunoassay developed that used both the specificity of the polyclonal antibody and the Ca+(+)-dependent carbohydrate binding property of MBP.	Carbohydrates	183-195	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	216-219
9872935-6	1999	Construct D (-411 to +179CAT) showed quenching in high glucose (25 mM) and suggested the involvement of a carbohydrate response element in the 5" promoter region of the PKCbeta gene.	Carbohydrates	106-118	protein kinase C beta	Homo sapiens	169-176
2187500-4	1990	Digestion of the purified gp120 and gp160 with endoglycosidases revealed that both proteins are heavily glycosylated and contain complex carbohydrates, in contrast to the intracellular form of gp160 which has been shown to contain mannose-rich immature sugars.	Carbohydrates	137-150	glutamyl aminopeptidase	Homo sapiens	36-41
2387851-4	1990	When deglycosylated, the molecular mass of apoJ alpha is 24 kDa and that of apoJ beta is 28 kDa, suggesting that approximately 30% of the mass of each subunit is carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	162-174	clusterin	Homo sapiens	43-47
9915883-1	1999	A carbohydrate-rich diet induces glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in liver parenchymal cells, which supports fatty acid synthesis de novo.	Carbohydrates	2-14	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	33-66
2167847-2	1990	Using a new procedure for the specific and complete hydrolysis of uncovered phosphomonoester groups in denatured immunoprecipitates of human cathepsin D, we show that the uncovering ratio varies between different forms of the enzyme and may be used as an indicator of the maturation of its carbohydrate side chains.	Carbohydrates	290-302	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	141-152
2115548-3	1990	Flow micro-fluorimetry was used to isolate three IdI-1- spontaneous mutants of the IdI-1+ hybridoma GAC 39; all had single amino acid changes in the L chain at position 60 and 77, all retained other Id, and all bound group A carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	225-237	isopentenyl-diphosphate delta isomerase 1	Homo sapiens	49-54
2115548-3	1990	Flow micro-fluorimetry was used to isolate three IdI-1- spontaneous mutants of the IdI-1+ hybridoma GAC 39; all had single amino acid changes in the L chain at position 60 and 77, all retained other Id, and all bound group A carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	225-237	isopentenyl-diphosphate delta isomerase 1	Homo sapiens	83-106
2160449-5	1990	The Mr of the inhibitor was reduced by treatment with neuraminidase, O-glycanase, and also with glycopeptidase-A, suggesting that the inhibitor has both Asn-linked and Ser/Thr-linked carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	183-195	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	54-67
2104915-6	1990	The protein contains carbohydrate groups that play an important role in the function of the protein, as indicated by the fact that inhibition of glycosylation by tunicamycin and cleavage of sialic acid from the protein with neuraminidase result in a significant increase of perforin binding to CTL.	Carbohydrates	21-33	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	224-237
9915883-1	1999	A carbohydrate-rich diet induces glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in liver parenchymal cells, which supports fatty acid synthesis de novo.	Carbohydrates	2-14	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	68-72
9915883-3	1999	This study was designed to elucidate whether G6PD expression is regulated uniformly by dietary carbohydrates in hepatic sinusoidal and parenchymal cells.	Carbohydrates	95-108	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	45-49
2295639-7	1990	Rats maintained on low fat, high carbohydrate diets exhibited a striking increase (50-fold) in the level of liver ATP citrate-lyase mRNA as compared with the control animals maintained on a normal diet.	Carbohydrates	33-45	ATP citrate lyase	Rattus norvegicus	114-131
2198023-0	1990	The effects of amylin on carbohydrate metabolism in skeletal muscle in vitro and in vivo.	Carbohydrates	25-37	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	15-21
9915883-8	1999	As expected, G6PD expression was 700-1200% greater in parenchymal cells from rats fed a carbohydrate diet (groups 3 and 5) than from controls.	Carbohydrates	88-100	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	13-17
2098103-4	1990	In addition, the carbohydrate heterogeneity in the gelatin binding domain was analyzed by 2DGE and isoelectric focusing (IEF) before and after treatment with N-glycanase and neuraminidase to remove selected carbohydrate moieties.	Carbohydrates	17-29	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	174-187
9915883-9	1999	Our results indicate that short-term consumption of a carbohydrate-rich diet stimulates G6PD expression in endothelial and parenchymal cells.	Carbohydrates	54-66	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	88-92
10608618-4	1999	They were also examined for their expression of mucin-associated carbohydrate epitopes by flow cytometry.	Carbohydrates	65-77	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	48-53
10608618-8	1999	Mucin-associated carbohydrate epitopes were not detected on three of four serous adenocarcinoma cell lines, although MUC1 and MUC2 mRNAs were detected in all of them.	Carbohydrates	17-29	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	0-5
1970540-10	1990	IAPP may serve as a novel pancreatic hormone to control carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	56-68	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	0-4
9843839-2	1998	Human SP-A was nitrated by incubation with tetranitromethane at pH 8.0 or synthetic peroxynitrite (ONOO-) at pH 7.4, which resulted in significant nitration of tyrosines in its carbohydrate recognition domain [0.63 +/- 0.001 (SE) and 1.25 +/- 0.02 mol nitrotyrosine/mol monomeric SP-A, respectively; n = 3 samples].	Carbohydrates	177-189	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	6-10
2108147-2	1990	SP-D can be selectively and efficiently eluted from isolated rat surfactant with glucose, maltose, and certain other saccharides.	Carbohydrates	117-128	surfactant protein D	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
9799401-6	1998	Gastric mucin was verified by gas chromatographic analysis of the carbohydrate composition and fractionation of the void-volume fraction by density gradient centrifugation.	Carbohydrates	66-78	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	8-13
2321937-1	1990	The ability of oral Streptococcus strains to utilize oligosaccharide chains in mucin as a source of carbohydrate was studied in batch cultures.	Carbohydrates	100-112	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	79-84
9778310-5	1998	Highly purified pig FMO1 avidly bound concanavalin A and reacted positively for carbohydrates by the periodic acid/Schiff"s base method of analysis.	Carbohydrates	80-93	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 1	Sus scrofa	20-24
2318942-1	1990	Removal of the carbohydrates from hCG results in an antagonist (degly-hCG) that competitively inhibits hCG/LH-stimulated adenylate cyclase in macaque luteal tissue in vitro, but its effect in vivo is controversial.	Carbohydrates	15-28	hypertrichosis 2 (generalised, congenital)	Homo sapiens	34-37
2318942-1	1990	Removal of the carbohydrates from hCG results in an antagonist (degly-hCG) that competitively inhibits hCG/LH-stimulated adenylate cyclase in macaque luteal tissue in vitro, but its effect in vivo is controversial.	Carbohydrates	15-28	hypertrichosis 2 (generalised, congenital)	Homo sapiens	70-73
2318942-1	1990	Removal of the carbohydrates from hCG results in an antagonist (degly-hCG) that competitively inhibits hCG/LH-stimulated adenylate cyclase in macaque luteal tissue in vitro, but its effect in vivo is controversial.	Carbohydrates	15-28	hypertrichosis 2 (generalised, congenital)	Homo sapiens	70-73
9788241-9	1998	These changes in G6PD expression in the primary hepatocytes are qualitatively and quantitatively similar to the changes observed in the intact animal due to dietary carbohydrate and polyunsaturated fat.	Carbohydrates	165-177	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	17-21
2407342-9	1990	A diet high in protein markedly increased ada mRNA and alkyltransferase activity within 1 week in both liver and kidney, whereas a high carbohydrate diet for 1 week markedly reduced expression of PEPCK ada and alkyltransferase levels.	Carbohydrates	136-148	O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase	Mus musculus	202-205
2141363-6	1990	A low carbohydrate diet increased 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (P less than 0.05) and citrate synthase activities (P less than 0.05) and decreased glycogen content in both heart and soleus muscle; whereas, a high carbohydrate diet, in conjunction with oxfenicine, tended to increase hexokinase activity in these same tissues.	Carbohydrates	6-18	citrate synthase	Rattus norvegicus	89-105
9767620-6	1998	These results suggest that KL-6 is the best marker for interstitial pneumonia among these carbohydrate antigens.	Carbohydrates	90-102	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	27-31
2178466-8	1990	Ethanol interacted with carbohydrate to increase the activity of ATP citrate lyase.	Carbohydrates	24-36	ATP citrate lyase	Rattus norvegicus	65-82
2313386-2	1990	Livers from rats fed a high carbohydrate diet were found to contain 350- and 100-fold more S14 and FAS mRNA than livers from rats fasted for 48 h. Although feeding a high fat diet increased S14 and FAS mRNA above fasting (P less than 0.05), the level of S14 and FAS mRNAs was only 5% and 4%, respectively, of the amount in the high carbohydrate group.	Carbohydrates	28-40	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	99-102
2313386-2	1990	Livers from rats fed a high carbohydrate diet were found to contain 350- and 100-fold more S14 and FAS mRNA than livers from rats fasted for 48 h. Although feeding a high fat diet increased S14 and FAS mRNA above fasting (P less than 0.05), the level of S14 and FAS mRNAs was only 5% and 4%, respectively, of the amount in the high carbohydrate group.	Carbohydrates	28-40	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	198-201
2313386-2	1990	Livers from rats fed a high carbohydrate diet were found to contain 350- and 100-fold more S14 and FAS mRNA than livers from rats fasted for 48 h. Although feeding a high fat diet increased S14 and FAS mRNA above fasting (P less than 0.05), the level of S14 and FAS mRNAs was only 5% and 4%, respectively, of the amount in the high carbohydrate group.	Carbohydrates	28-40	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	198-201
9748512-8	1998	Together with NPY, circulating corticosterone (CORT) levels are also highest in a high-carbohydrate condition and positively correlated with NPY in the ARC.	Carbohydrates	87-99	cortistatin	Rattus norvegicus	47-51
2134180-5	1990	The native vitellogenin particle is a very high density glycolipoprotein containing approximately 91% protein, 7% lipid, and 2% carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	128-140	vitellogenin	Apis mellifera	11-23
9685363-3	1998	In the liver, USF binding activity is mainly accounted for by the USF1/USF2 heterodimer, which binds in vitro the glucose/carbohydrate response elements (GlRE/ChoRE) of glucose-responsive genes.	Carbohydrates	122-134	upstream transcription factor 2	Mus musculus	71-75
9639270-0	1998	Expression of HNK-1 carbohydrate and its binding protein, SBP-1, in apposing cell surfaces in cerebral cortex and cerebellum.	Carbohydrates	20-32	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-19
1702072-6	1990	Its resistance to denaturing agents and its sensitivity to neuraminidase treatment in preparations from every investigated tissue suggest that it is a common carbohydrate-containing epitope.	Carbohydrates	158-170	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	59-72
9687987-1	1998	BACKGROUND: Monoclonal antibodies B1 and B3 react with Lewis(y) and related carbohydrate antigens, which are abundant in many solid tumors.	Carbohydrates	76-88	bombesin receptor subtype 3	Homo sapiens	34-43
2128502-1	1990	The activity of diamine oxidase, the principal enzyme for diamine catabolism, was evaluated in brain and liver from male rats fed nutritionally complete diets, of which 36% of total calories was given as ethanol or as isocaloric carbohydrates for 4 months.	Carbohydrates	229-242	amine oxidase, copper containing 1	Rattus norvegicus	16-31
9525969-12	1998	The results suggest a unique requirement for carbohydrate processing and molecular chaperone interactions that may limit the productive secretion of FVIII.	Carbohydrates	45-57	coagulation factor VIII	Homo sapiens	149-154
33771667-4	2021	In this review we summarize and update the "classical roles" of FXR as a central integrator of the feeding state response, which orchestrates the metabolic processing of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and bile acids.	Carbohydrates	170-183	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4	Homo sapiens	64-67
33818826-5	2021	Carbohydrates including glucose, trehalose, and glycogen were decreased and increased in the hemolymph and tissues of lgl and melatonin-treated lgl flies, respectively.	Carbohydrates	0-13	lethal (2) giant larvae	Drosophila melanogaster	118-121
33818826-5	2021	Carbohydrates including glucose, trehalose, and glycogen were decreased and increased in the hemolymph and tissues of lgl and melatonin-treated lgl flies, respectively.	Carbohydrates	0-13	lethal (2) giant larvae	Drosophila melanogaster	144-147
33818826-6	2021	Key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism showed a significant increment in their levels in lgl mutants but had restored close to wild-type baseline levels in melatonin-treated flies.	Carbohydrates	15-27	lethal (2) giant larvae	Drosophila melanogaster	89-92
9560527-2	1998	In epithelial cancers such as colorectal cancer, both qualitative and quantitative alterations in carbohydrate and polypeptide moieties of mucin glycoproteins occur.	Carbohydrates	98-110	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	139-144
9491908-4	1998	Thus, a carbohydrate-deficient, conserved HIV-1 gp120 core can be produced that has a structure closely approximating that of the full-length, correctly folded gp120 monomer.	Carbohydrates	8-20	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	48-53
9491908-4	1998	Thus, a carbohydrate-deficient, conserved HIV-1 gp120 core can be produced that has a structure closely approximating that of the full-length, correctly folded gp120 monomer.	Carbohydrates	8-20	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	160-165
9453578-0	1998	Homophilic binding properties of galectin-3: involvement of the carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	64-76	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	33-43
34936958-9	2022	The metabolomics analyses have shown that in the group with higher drip loss from muscle tissue the increase of metabolism of energy transformations taking place in muscle tissue after slaughter was observed and that differences between groups are related to 11 metabolic pathways, mainly carbohydrate metabolism (glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway) adenine and adenosine salvage, adenosine nucleotides degradation, arsenate detoxification, methylglyoxal degradation.	Carbohydrates	289-301	DL	Gallus gallus	67-76
34936958-10	2022	Finally, the results indicate that in the group with higher drip loss and with deeper glycolysis, more methylglyoxal (as a by-product of carbohydrate metabolism) is produced which may lead to changes of muscle proteins properties and contribute to an increase in drip loss.	Carbohydrates	137-149	DL	Gallus gallus	60-69
34936958-10	2022	Finally, the results indicate that in the group with higher drip loss and with deeper glycolysis, more methylglyoxal (as a by-product of carbohydrate metabolism) is produced which may lead to changes of muscle proteins properties and contribute to an increase in drip loss.	Carbohydrates	137-149	DL	Gallus gallus	263-272
9492274-0	1998	Role of carbohydrate and protein in the binding of tissue-type plasminogen activator to the human mannose receptor.	Carbohydrates	8-20	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	98-114
21374492-4	1998	There are 22-31 potential N-linked glycosylation sites on gp120 depending on the HIV-1 isolate and thus, approximately half of its molecular weight is composed of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	163-175	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	58-63
9422084-11	1998	It was evident that carbohydrate residues were involved in many epitopes, by regulating epitope accessibility or masking determinants, or by stabilizing preferred conformations of peptide epitopes within the MUC1 protein core.	Carbohydrates	20-32	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	208-212
9422092-0	1998	Determination of carbohydrate specificity of monoclonal antibodies against MUC1.	Carbohydrates	17-29	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	75-79
9422092-1	1998	The carbohydrate specificity of 57 MAbs submitted to the ISOBM TD-4 Workshop on MUC1 were investigated by two versions of ELISA, direct binding and inhibition of binding.	Carbohydrates	4-16	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	80-84
9367408-3	1997	Purified SP-A and SP-D, isolated from human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, bound to the 3wcf allergens and purified allergens, gp55 and gp45, in a carbohydrate-specific and calcium-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	146-158	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	9-13
2188637-5	1990	Clone 3/E8 (IgG1; kappa) was of moderate affinity, and was directed to a carbohydrate-containing, TPCK-trypsin-insensitive and pronase-insensitive epitope on this mucin, which was not blood-group specific.	Carbohydrates	73-85	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	163-168
2161729-8	1990	(IV) ZP3 is a sperm receptor involved in carbohydrate-mediated gamete recognition and adhesion during mammalian fertilization.	Carbohydrates	41-53	zona pellucida glycoprotein 3	Homo sapiens	5-8
2161729-8	1990	(IV) ZP3 is a sperm receptor involved in carbohydrate-mediated gamete recognition and adhesion during mammalian fertilization.	Carbohydrates	41-53	zona pellucida glycoprotein 3	Homo sapiens	14-28
9367408-4	1997	Both SP-A and SP-D did not bind to deglycosylated allergens, suggesting that the ability of SP-A and SP-D to bind certain allergens is mediated through their carbohydrate recognition domains, interacting with the carbohydrate residues on the allergen.	Carbohydrates	158-170	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	92-96
9367408-4	1997	Both SP-A and SP-D did not bind to deglycosylated allergens, suggesting that the ability of SP-A and SP-D to bind certain allergens is mediated through their carbohydrate recognition domains, interacting with the carbohydrate residues on the allergen.	Carbohydrates	213-225	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	5-9
9367408-4	1997	Both SP-A and SP-D did not bind to deglycosylated allergens, suggesting that the ability of SP-A and SP-D to bind certain allergens is mediated through their carbohydrate recognition domains, interacting with the carbohydrate residues on the allergen.	Carbohydrates	213-225	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	92-96
9336835-5	1997	The data indicate that clusterin contains 17-27% carbohydrate by weight, the alpha subunit contains 0-30% carbohydrate and the beta subunit contains 27-30% carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	49-61	clusterin	Homo sapiens	23-32
2307194-2	1990	Sialic acid, terminally bound on carbohydrate side-chains of glycoproteins, was released after treatment with neuraminidase and measured by an enzymatic colorimetric test.	Carbohydrates	33-45	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	110-123
33941700-2	2021	Conferring signaling pathway selectivity through mutations in the Gal3-glycan binding interface is challenged by the abundance of common carbohydrate types found on many membrane glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	137-149	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	66-70
12223818-1	1997	Previous experiments have shown that carbohydrate partitioning in leaves of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants can be modified by antisense repression of the triose phosphate translocator (TPT), favoring starch accumulation during the light period, or by leaf-specific antisense repression of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), reducing leaf starch content.	Carbohydrates	37-49	triose phosphate/phosphate translocator, chloroplastic	Solanum tuberosum	191-194
15919792-8	2005	These findings suggest that PPARgamma2 is required for the maintenance of normal insulin sensitivity in mice but also raises the intriguing notion that PPARgamma2 may be necessary for the adverse effects of a high-fat diet on carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	226-238	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	28-38
15919792-8	2005	These findings suggest that PPARgamma2 is required for the maintenance of normal insulin sensitivity in mice but also raises the intriguing notion that PPARgamma2 may be necessary for the adverse effects of a high-fat diet on carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	226-238	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	152-162
34931005-5	2021	NMR analyses show that CXCL4 binding induces changes in the galectin-1 carbohydrate binding site.	Carbohydrates	71-83	platelet factor 4	Homo sapiens	23-28
9294172-3	1997	The C-type lectin domain of versican has been shown to bind tenascin-R, an extracellular matrix protein specifically expressed in the nervous system, and the interaction was presumed to be mediated by a carbohydrate-protein interaction.	Carbohydrates	203-215	tenascin R	Rattus norvegicus	60-70
34909830-8	2021	Furthermore, digestion of complex carbohydrates and intestinal glucose absorption was prevented by Hex-Mn treatment.	Carbohydrates	34-47	hematopoietically expressed homeobox	Rattus norvegicus	99-102
34909830-9	2021	Our results suggest that the antidiabetic activity of Hex-Mn may be explained, at least in part, by the insulin sensitivity increase, antioxidant properties and reduction in carbohydrate absorption in the small intestine.	Carbohydrates	174-186	hematopoietically expressed homeobox	Rattus norvegicus	54-57
34917955-8	2021	Results indicate that, rotenone can bind with carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of SP-A, N-, and C- terminal peptide of SP-B, SP-C, and CRD of SP-D at multiples sites via several interaction mediators such as H bonds, C-H bonds, alkyl bonds, pi-pi stacked, Van der Waals interaction, and other.	Carbohydrates	46-58	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	87-91
9294172-5	1997	Surprisingly, this interaction is mediated by a protein-protein interaction through the fibronectin type III domains 3-5 of tenascin-R, independent of any carbohydrates or sulfated amino acids.	Carbohydrates	155-168	tenascin R	Rattus norvegicus	124-134
9314345-6	1997	We also report based on protein sequence analysis that the amino terminal segment (which includes the site D epitope) of GpI allergens from seven different grass species is highly conserved and contains two hydroxyproline residues and an N-linked carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	247-259	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	121-124
34748223-2	2021	Skeletal muscle-specific overexpression of Crtc2 (Crtc2 mice) induced greater mitochondrial activity, metabolic flux capacity for both carbohydrates and fats, improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, and increased oxidative capacity, supported by upregulation of key metabolic genes.	Carbohydrates	135-148	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 2	Mus musculus	43-48
34748223-2	2021	Skeletal muscle-specific overexpression of Crtc2 (Crtc2 mice) induced greater mitochondrial activity, metabolic flux capacity for both carbohydrates and fats, improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, and increased oxidative capacity, supported by upregulation of key metabolic genes.	Carbohydrates	135-148	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 2	Mus musculus	50-55
9281357-7	1997	In comparison, the evolving process of mucin biosynthesis was tested by the analysis of purified mucins of HT-29 MTX cells, in amino acid and carbohydrate composition, and immunoreactivity assays using several antibodies and lectins.	Carbohydrates	142-154	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	39-44
34959847-2	2021	An established modified citrus pectin (PectaSol , P-MCP), a dietary polysaccharide, is an established antagonist of galectin-3, a carbohydrate-binding protein involved in cancer pathogenesis.	Carbohydrates	130-142	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	116-126
9247594-6	1997	The induced VAP-1 protein was similar in molecular weight to the non-induced VAP-1, suggesting that VAP-1 synthesized de novo carries appropriate carbohydrate moieties.	Carbohydrates	146-158	amine oxidase copper containing 3	Homo sapiens	12-17
34842731-4	2021	Sphingolipid transporter 1 (spns1), a highly conserved gene encoding a putative late endosome/lysosome carbohydrate/H+ symporter, plays a pivotal role in maintaining optimal lysosomal pH and spns1-/- mutants undergo premature senescence.	Carbohydrates	103-115	sphingolipid transporter 1 (putative)	Homo sapiens	0-26
34842731-4	2021	Sphingolipid transporter 1 (spns1), a highly conserved gene encoding a putative late endosome/lysosome carbohydrate/H+ symporter, plays a pivotal role in maintaining optimal lysosomal pH and spns1-/- mutants undergo premature senescence.	Carbohydrates	103-115	sphingolipid transporter 1 (putative)	Homo sapiens	28-33
9254053-1	1997	A novel saccharide was synthesized by incubating globo-N-tetraose, GalNAc beta1-3Gal alpha1-4Gal beta1-4Glc, and UDP[3H]GlcNAc with hog gastric mucosal microsomes, known to contain beta1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity of a broad acceptor specificity.	Carbohydrates	8-18	glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 1	Bos taurus	181-220
34900786-2	2021	Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between carbohydrate quality index (CQI) and anthropometry, fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profile, systolic (SBP), and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).	Carbohydrates	67-79	selenium binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	173-176
9362562-10	1997	The point mutations found in this patient"s GPI gene support the idea that GPI may have a neurological function in addition to its role in the carbohydrate metabolism; this is due to the presence of a monomeric sequence analogue called neuroleukin (NLK).	Carbohydrates	143-155	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	44-47
34830047-8	2021	We therefore tested novel carbohydrate-based small molecule compounds (Cpd14 and Cpd17) with high specificity for galectin-3.	Carbohydrates	26-38	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	114-124
9362562-10	1997	The point mutations found in this patient"s GPI gene support the idea that GPI may have a neurological function in addition to its role in the carbohydrate metabolism; this is due to the presence of a monomeric sequence analogue called neuroleukin (NLK).	Carbohydrates	143-155	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	75-78
34831271-10	2021	Remarkably, Gal-3"s carbohydrate recognition domain bears structural similarity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus spike protein necessary for cell entry.	Carbohydrates	20-32	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	12-17
9362562-10	1997	The point mutations found in this patient"s GPI gene support the idea that GPI may have a neurological function in addition to its role in the carbohydrate metabolism; this is due to the presence of a monomeric sequence analogue called neuroleukin (NLK).	Carbohydrates	143-155	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	236-247
34831271-10	2021	Remarkably, Gal-3"s carbohydrate recognition domain bears structural similarity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus spike protein necessary for cell entry.	Carbohydrates	20-32	surface glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	104-109
9212324-2	1997	Studies performed in experimental animals have provided evidence that amylin may have several effects associated with carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	118-130	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	70-76
34727975-7	2021	RESULTS: The Participants in low carbohydrate diet group had greater decrease in the prevalence of MetS.	Carbohydrates	33-45	ETS variant transcription factor 3	Homo sapiens	99-103
34727975-9	2021	The prevalence of MetS was decreased significantly to 16.7% (9/54) after 3 months and to 3.7% (2/54) after 6 months in low carbohydrate diet (p < 0.001).	Carbohydrates	123-135	ETS variant transcription factor 3	Homo sapiens	18-22
9176356-5	1997	In contrast, irrespective of diet, muscle citrate synthase activity and hexokinase activity were increased (P &lt; 0.05) after adaptation to training by 17 and 18% in the group fed the carbohydrate, rich diet and by 17 and 12% in the group fed the fat-rich diet, respectively, and were unchanged in the two control groups.	Carbohydrates	185-197	citrate synthase	Homo sapiens	42-58
34727975-12	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Both low carbohydrate diet and low fat diet have significant effects on reducing the prevalence of MetS in obese adults when followed up for 6 months.	Carbohydrates	22-34	ETS variant transcription factor 3	Homo sapiens	112-116
9176265-4	1997	125I-labeled SP-A bound BCG in a Ca(2+)-, carbohydrate-, and dose-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	42-54	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	13-17
34472622-1	2021	Adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important cellular metabolite-sensing enzyme that can directly sense changes not only in ATP but also in metabolites associated with carbohydrates and fatty acids.	Carbohydrates	204-217	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	59-63
9130640-8	1997	Removal of the carbohydrate moiety of SP-A by N-glycosidase F treatment or cleavage of its sialic acid residues by neuraminidase abolished the enhancement of the phagocytosis of FITC-labeled influenza A virus by alveolar macrophages.	Carbohydrates	15-27	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	38-42
34619151-3	2021	However, despite the prevalence of high-resolution crystallographic structures, the mechanistic basis and, more significantly, the dynamic process underlying carbohydrate recognition by galectin-3 is currently elusive.	Carbohydrates	158-170	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	186-196
34619151-9	2021	By catching the ligand in the act of finding its target, our investigations elucidate the detailed recognition mechanism of the carbohydrate binding domain of galectin-3 and underscore the importance of ligand-target binary complex residence time in understanding the structure-activity relationship of cognate ligands.	Carbohydrates	128-140	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	159-169
9138169-1	1997	BACKGROUND: The ability of breast-feeding infants to utilize lactose, the major carbohydrate in breast-milk, is dependent on the presence of the enzyme lactase (E.C.3.2.1.108).	Carbohydrates	80-92	lactase	Homo sapiens	152-159
34836082-1	2021	Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSDIa) is caused by defective glucose-6-phosphatase, a key enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	103-115	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	64-85
9050218-5	1997	Results are accumulating suggesting that a protein called IIABMan, as well as the phosphocarrier protein HPr, are key regulatory components that allow these bacteria to select rapidly metabolizable sugars, such as glucose or fructose, over less readily utilizable carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	264-277	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	105-108
34315727-6	2021	Luciferase experiments showed that increased DNA methylation of the miR-30a promoter reduced its transcription in vitro Silencing of miR-30 in adipocytes resulted in reduced glucose uptake and TBC1D4 phosphorylation; downregulation of genes involved in demethylation and carbohydrate/lipid/amino acid metabolism; and upregulation of immune system genes.	Carbohydrates	271-283	microRNA 30a	Homo sapiens	68-75
34675409-4	2022	A loss in C1GALT1 was found to result in the truncation of O-glycosylation on several glycoproteins with an enrichment of Tn carbohydrate antigen.	Carbohydrates	125-137	C-type lectin domain family 3 member B	Homo sapiens	122-124
8981932-5	1996	We have confirmed biochemically that most intrathyroidal thyroglobulin fails to reach the (Golgi) compartment where complex carbohydrate modification takes place.	Carbohydrates	124-136	thyroglobulin	Homo sapiens	57-70
34877528-7	2021	These emerging techniques can considerably expand application scope of IR, thus exert a more important effect on carbohydrate characterization.	Carbohydrates	113-125	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	71-73
34973620-0	2022	Dietary carbohydrate influences the colocalization pattern of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 with neurotensin in the chicken ileum.	Carbohydrates	8-20	glucagon	Gallus gallus	62-85
34973620-2	2022	The present study was designed to clarify the influence of dietary carbohydrate (CHO) on the colocalization pattern of GLP-1 with NT in the chicken distal ileum.	Carbohydrates	67-79	glucagon	Gallus gallus	119-124
34375000-3	2021	Here we used a comprehensive library of mammalian carbohydrate-binding proteins (lectins) to probe critical sugar residues on the full-length trimeric Spike and the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2.	Carbohydrates	50-62	surface glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	151-156
34550535-10	2022	CONCLUSION: A high-fat diet was shown to negatively affect the level of hormones regulating carbohydrate metabolism (increasing leptin levels and decreasing levels of ghrelin and insulin).	Carbohydrates	92-104	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	128-134
34550535-10	2022	CONCLUSION: A high-fat diet was shown to negatively affect the level of hormones regulating carbohydrate metabolism (increasing leptin levels and decreasing levels of ghrelin and insulin).	Carbohydrates	92-104	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	167-174
8813152-4	1996	Incubation of A375 cells with affinity-purified Mac-2-binding protein resulted in its binding to galectin-3 on the cell surface in a specific carbohydrate-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	142-154	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	97-107
8909996-6	1996	In epithelial cancers, many of the phenotypic markers for pre-malignant and malignant cells have been found on the carbohydrate and peptide moieties of mucin glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	115-127	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	152-157
34575314-0	2021	Weight Loss in Patients Waiting for Total Hip Arthroplasty: Fiber-Enriched High Carbohydrate Diet Improves Hip Function and Decreases Pain before Surgery.	Carbohydrates	80-92	hedgehog interacting protein	Homo sapiens	107-110
34786236-2	2021	Various treatment options are available to manage the condition, among which carbohydrate restriction has been shown to reduce liver fat accumulation, liver inflammation, serum liver enzyme levels, and hepatic de-novo lipogenesis in people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.	Carbohydrates	77-89	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	133-136
34575314-3	2021	The aim of the study was to test the effect of a fiber-enriched high carbohydrate (FEHC) diet on the reduction in body weight and pain in elderly obese patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA).	Carbohydrates	69-81	hedgehog interacting protein	Homo sapiens	178-181
8856041-6	1996	Finally, the carbohydrate-depleted form of PLB did not display gross changes in thermal stability, in contrast to PLB from microorganisms previously investigated.	Carbohydrates	13-25	phospholipase B1, membrane-associated	Cavia porcellus	43-46
34303773-8	2021	Results indicated that obesity and DEHP synergistically regulated carbohydrate uptake, lipolysis, and abnormality of adipose tissue, via the upstream regulators Pparg, Lipe, Cd44, and Irs1.	Carbohydrates	66-78	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	161-166
34517929-1	2021	Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has been identified as an important regulator of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, which plays an important role for metabolic regulation, particularly under conditions of energy deprivation or stress conditions.	Carbohydrates	85-97	fibroblast growth factor 21	Bos taurus	0-27
8889024-4	1996	The carbohydrates of GUS have been modified by subsequent treatment with NaIO4 and NaBH4 to improve its retention in the circulation.	Carbohydrates	4-17	glucuronidase beta	Homo sapiens	21-24
34517929-1	2021	Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has been identified as an important regulator of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, which plays an important role for metabolic regulation, particularly under conditions of energy deprivation or stress conditions.	Carbohydrates	85-97	fibroblast growth factor 21	Bos taurus	29-34
34526585-1	2021	The adipokinetic hormone (AKH) of insects is considered an equivalent of the mammalian hormone glucagon as it induces fast mobilization of carbohydrates and lipids from the fat body upon starvation.	Carbohydrates	139-152	hypertrehalosaemic prohormone	Apis mellifera	4-24
34526585-1	2021	The adipokinetic hormone (AKH) of insects is considered an equivalent of the mammalian hormone glucagon as it induces fast mobilization of carbohydrates and lipids from the fat body upon starvation.	Carbohydrates	139-152	Adipokinetic hormone	Drosophila melanogaster	26-29
34516574-2	2021	Due to the lack of enough data to confirm the association of obesity and depression in the Middle East, here, we aimed to explore the possible mediatory role of adipokines Galectin-3, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), and endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) in the association between low carbohydrate diet (LCD) and depressive symptoms.	Carbohydrates	315-327	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	172-182
34582357-8	2021	Importantly, prior to fat accumulation, male GhsrM/M rats preferentially used carbohydrates as fuel substrate without alterations of energy intake, energy expenditure or physical activity and showed alterations of the GHSR system (i.e. enhanced ratio of GHSR hormones LEAP2:acyl-ghrelin and increased Ghsr expression in the hypothalamus).	Carbohydrates	78-91	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	279-286
34582357-8	2021	Importantly, prior to fat accumulation, male GhsrM/M rats preferentially used carbohydrates as fuel substrate without alterations of energy intake, energy expenditure or physical activity and showed alterations of the GHSR system (i.e. enhanced ratio of GHSR hormones LEAP2:acyl-ghrelin and increased Ghsr expression in the hypothalamus).	Carbohydrates	78-91	growth hormone secretagogue receptor	Rattus norvegicus	301-305
34582357-9	2021	Overall, the present study provides proof of concept that shifted GHSR signaling can specifically alter nutrient partitioning resulting in modified balance of carbohydrate/lipid utilization.	Carbohydrates	159-171	growth hormone secretagogue receptor	Rattus norvegicus	66-70
34572394-1	2021	Galectin-3 is a carbohydrate-binding protein and the most studied member of the galectin family.	Carbohydrates	16-28	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
34572394-3	2021	Recent studies have highlighted the similarity between Galectin-3"s carbohydrate recognition domain and the so-called "galectin fold" present on the N-terminal domain of the S1 sub-unit of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.	Carbohydrates	68-80	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	55-65
8702853-7	1996	Previous studies from this laboratory indicated that the Lfm1/e subunit was regulated by the level of dietary fat and carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	118-130	ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1F0 complex, subunit E	Mus musculus	57-61
34572394-3	2021	Recent studies have highlighted the similarity between Galectin-3"s carbohydrate recognition domain and the so-called "galectin fold" present on the N-terminal domain of the S1 sub-unit of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.	Carbohydrates	68-80	surface glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	204-209
34301890-5	2021	Its carboxyl-terminal carbohydrate-recognition domain is essential for this effect, and its N-terminal domain, which contributes to the self-association property of the protein, is also critical, suggesting that this promoting effect is dependent on the functional multivalency of galectin-3.	Carbohydrates	22-34	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	281-291
8707864-7	1996	Removal of the sialic acid component of the carbohydrate from wild-type TfR by treatment of live cells with neuraminidase enhances TfR cleavage.	Carbohydrates	44-56	transferrin receptor	Homo sapiens	72-75
34289902-6	2021	We found that the levels of galectin-3 were negatively associated with dietary carbohydrate in adjusted model.	Carbohydrates	79-91	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	28-38
34180926-4	2021	Moreover, the heat capacity of these carbohydrates in mixtures with water was measured by DSC in a broad range of water contents.	Carbohydrates	37-50	desmocollin 3	Homo sapiens	90-93
34260945-1	2021	The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) regulates insulin secretion, carbohydrate metabolism, and appetite and is an important target for treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity.	Carbohydrates	75-87	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	4-36
34260945-1	2021	The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) regulates insulin secretion, carbohydrate metabolism, and appetite and is an important target for treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity.	Carbohydrates	75-87	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	38-44
8707864-7	1996	Removal of the sialic acid component of the carbohydrate from wild-type TfR by treatment of live cells with neuraminidase enhances TfR cleavage.	Carbohydrates	44-56	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	108-121
34188542-1	2021	Background: The aim of this study was to reduce the influence of biliary obstruction on carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level (CA19-9) by introducing the CA19-9 level to serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) ratio as an indicator, and ultimately to reveal the correlation between CA19-9/GGT and the prognosis of patients with pancreatic head carcinoma (PHC).	Carbohydrates	88-100	gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain 5 pseudogene	Homo sapiens	274-284
8707864-7	1996	Removal of the sialic acid component of the carbohydrate from wild-type TfR by treatment of live cells with neuraminidase enhances TfR cleavage.	Carbohydrates	44-56	transferrin receptor	Homo sapiens	131-134
34203067-5	2021	Among these, carbohydrate catabolic process-related genes (PPP1R3B, PRPS2, ALDOC), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and lipolysis-related genes (PLIN1) were upregulated, while the carbohydrate biosynthetic process-related genes (PCK1) and most amino acid metabolism-related genes were downregulated.	Carbohydrates	13-25	fatty acid synthase	Sus scrofa	104-108
8765217-2	1996	Insulin resistance and hypertriglyceridemia can be induced by carbohydrate feeding in rats.	Carbohydrates	62-74	insulin	Mesocricetus auratus	0-7
34203067-5	2021	Among these, carbohydrate catabolic process-related genes (PPP1R3B, PRPS2, ALDOC), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and lipolysis-related genes (PLIN1) were upregulated, while the carbohydrate biosynthetic process-related genes (PCK1) and most amino acid metabolism-related genes were downregulated.	Carbohydrates	13-25	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Sus scrofa	224-228
34203067-5	2021	Among these, carbohydrate catabolic process-related genes (PPP1R3B, PRPS2, ALDOC), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and lipolysis-related genes (PLIN1) were upregulated, while the carbohydrate biosynthetic process-related genes (PCK1) and most amino acid metabolism-related genes were downregulated.	Carbohydrates	175-187	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Sus scrofa	224-228
34100625-8	2021	The extended SRLS analysis is applied to 15N-H relaxation from the carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-3 (Gal3C) in complex with two diastereomeric ligands, S and R. We find that D2 is isotropic with a principal value, D2, of 1010 s-1 on average, and it is faster in the strands beta3, beta5, and beta8.	Carbohydrates	67-79	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	102-112
34075727-2	2021	Human CD23 is a calcium-dependent (C-type) lectin-like domain that has apparently lost its carbohydrate binding capability.	Carbohydrates	91-103	Fc epsilon receptor II	Homo sapiens	6-10
34290045-7	2021	Rather these findings are better explained as a direct consequence of postmenopausal women with features of insulin resistance (IR) eating a low-fat high-carbohydrate diet for 13 years.	Carbohydrates	154-166	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	128-130
34290045-8	2021	All the worst clinical features of IR, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in some, can be "reversed" by the prescription of a high-fat low-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	146-158	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	35-37
34227281-4	2021	Researches on SPS in recent decades have been focused on the determination of enzymatic activity of SPS, the identification of the inhibitors and activators of SPS, the covalent modification of SPS, the carbohydrate distribution in plants regulated by SPS, the mechanism for promoting plant growth by SPS, the sweetness of fruit controlled by SPS, and many others.	Carbohydrates	203-215	decaprenyl diphosphate synthase subunit 1	Homo sapiens	14-17
8765217-9	1996	Previous studies in the rat have suggested that dietary carbohydrates induce insulin resistance by increasing plasma nonesterified fatty acids and triglycerides, which are preferentially used by the muscles.	Carbohydrates	56-69	insulin	Mesocricetus auratus	77-84
34227281-4	2021	Researches on SPS in recent decades have been focused on the determination of enzymatic activity of SPS, the identification of the inhibitors and activators of SPS, the covalent modification of SPS, the carbohydrate distribution in plants regulated by SPS, the mechanism for promoting plant growth by SPS, the sweetness of fruit controlled by SPS, and many others.	Carbohydrates	203-215	decaprenyl diphosphate synthase subunit 1	Homo sapiens	252-255
34195217-14	2021	A GP-induced increase in intestinal carbohydrate oxidation was supported by: (1) increased gene expression of duodenal pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), (2) a decreased ratio of lactate dehydrogenase a (LDHa): LDHb in jejunum and colon tissues, and (3) decreased duodenal and colonic lactate concentrations.	Carbohydrates	36-48	lactate dehydrogenase A	Mus musculus	174-197
34195217-14	2021	A GP-induced increase in intestinal carbohydrate oxidation was supported by: (1) increased gene expression of duodenal pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), (2) a decreased ratio of lactate dehydrogenase a (LDHa): LDHb in jejunum and colon tissues, and (3) decreased duodenal and colonic lactate concentrations.	Carbohydrates	36-48	lactate dehydrogenase A	Mus musculus	199-203
8958574-8	1996	The availability of these analogs should facilitate studies on the effect of a specific carbohydrate chain on the conformation and in vivo properties of hCG.	Carbohydrates	88-100	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	153-156
34067452-5	2021	All the results proved that saccharide-modified thiadiazole sulfonamides have important research prospects for the development of CA IX inhibitors.	Carbohydrates	28-38	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	130-135
8774488-1	1996	Galectin 3 is endogenous mammalian carbohydrate-binding protein with affinity for terminal beta-galactose residues, polylactosamine glycans, and ABH-blood group carbohydrate epitopes.	Carbohydrates	35-47	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
34065342-3	2021	Exercise was also shown to increase the blood concentration of glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), which regulates carbohydrate digestion and absorption in the small intestine.	Carbohydrates	112-124	glucagon-like peptide 2 receptor	Mus musculus	63-86
34065342-3	2021	Exercise was also shown to increase the blood concentration of glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), which regulates carbohydrate digestion and absorption in the small intestine.	Carbohydrates	112-124	glucagon-like peptide 2 receptor	Mus musculus	88-93
34112916-1	2021	Recently, we involved the carbohydrate-binding protein Galectin-3 (Gal-3) as a druggable target for KRAS-mutant-addicted lung and pancreatic cancers.	Carbohydrates	26-38	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	55-65
34112916-1	2021	Recently, we involved the carbohydrate-binding protein Galectin-3 (Gal-3) as a druggable target for KRAS-mutant-addicted lung and pancreatic cancers.	Carbohydrates	26-38	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	67-72
34206141-1	2021	The interaction of multi-LacNAc (Galbeta1-4GlcNAc)-containing N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers with human galectin-1 (Gal-1) and the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of human galectin-3 (Gal-3) was analyzed using NMR methods in addition to cryo-electron-microscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS) experiments.	Carbohydrates	153-165	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	200-210
34067978-6	2021	This association was reduced with a beta-galactoside LacdiNAc (GalNAcbeta1,4GlcNAc), a selective ligand of Gal-3, which binds to the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) in the Gal-3 molecule.	Carbohydrates	133-145	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	107-112
34067978-6	2021	This association was reduced with a beta-galactoside LacdiNAc (GalNAcbeta1,4GlcNAc), a selective ligand of Gal-3, which binds to the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) in the Gal-3 molecule.	Carbohydrates	133-145	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	178-183
34206141-1	2021	The interaction of multi-LacNAc (Galbeta1-4GlcNAc)-containing N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers with human galectin-1 (Gal-1) and the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of human galectin-3 (Gal-3) was analyzed using NMR methods in addition to cryo-electron-microscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS) experiments.	Carbohydrates	153-165	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	212-217
34067992-10	2021	The intake of protein and fat directly or indirectly contributed to maintaining blood glucose levels and running speed as substrates for gluconeogenesis or as alternative sources of energy when the carbohydrate intake was at a lower recommended limit.	Carbohydrates	198-210	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	26-29
9387790-4	1996	These results suggest that the carbohydrate moiety of hCG participate in the signal transduction among receptor, G-protein and adenylatecyclase which is inhibited by Asn-linked oligosaccharide chains from ovalbumin glycopeptides.	Carbohydrates	31-43	hypertrichosis 2 (generalised, congenital)	Homo sapiens	54-57
34135905-16	2021	Conclusions: The expression of four mentioned carbohydrate Lewis antigens and their potential modulators, ST3GAL6 and NEU1, in the placenta of patients with miscarriages was significantly different from the normal pregnancy.	Carbohydrates	46-58	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	118-122
34065342-9	2021	Thus, we showed that acute low-intensity exercise affects the expression of molecules involved in intestinal carbohydrate digestion and absorption via GLP-2.	Carbohydrates	109-121	glucagon-like peptide 2 receptor	Mus musculus	151-156
34308130-7	2021	Results: All participants self-identified as "low-carb practitioners" who, over time, had introduced a specific focus around carbohydrate reduction into their work.	Carbohydrates	125-137	syntaxin 8	Homo sapiens	50-54
8826788-1	1996	It has been suggested that glucose metabolites and insulin are the most important factors inducing ATP-citrate lyase (ACL) by a high carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	133-145	ATP citrate lyase	Rattus norvegicus	99-116
8826788-1	1996	It has been suggested that glucose metabolites and insulin are the most important factors inducing ATP-citrate lyase (ACL) by a high carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	133-145	ATP citrate lyase	Rattus norvegicus	118-121
34141985-0	2021	Fructose Protects Against Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity Mainly by Activating the Carbohydrate-Response Element-Binding Protein alpha-Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Axis in Mice.	Carbohydrates	88-100	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	140-167
35460631-1	2022	Carbon monoxide (CO), a member of the multifunctional gasotransmitters family produced by heme oxygenases (i.e., HO-1 and HO-2), has received significant attention because of its involvement in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	194-206	heme oxygenase 2	Homo sapiens	122-126
8826788-4	1996	The nucleotide sequences from -512 to -485 of the ACL promoter are highly homologous (70%) to the sequences surrounding the carbohydrate response element (ChoRE) of the S14 gene.	Carbohydrates	124-136	ATP citrate lyase	Rattus norvegicus	50-53
34141985-4	2021	We found that both high-fructose diet feeding before APAP injection and fructose gavage after APAP injection reduced APAP-induced liver injury with a concomitant induction of the hepatic carbohydrate-response element-binding protein alpha (ChREBPalpha)-fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) pathway.	Carbohydrates	187-199	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	253-280
8698393-9	1996	As the interaction between CD23 and CD21 has been suggested to involve recognition of carbohydrate structures on CD21 by the lectin-like domain on CD23, we also tested the effect of some different sugars on IgE synthesis and proliferation.	Carbohydrates	86-98	Fc epsilon receptor II	Homo sapiens	27-31
34141985-4	2021	We found that both high-fructose diet feeding before APAP injection and fructose gavage after APAP injection reduced APAP-induced liver injury with a concomitant induction of the hepatic carbohydrate-response element-binding protein alpha (ChREBPalpha)-fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) pathway.	Carbohydrates	187-199	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	282-287
35411365-6	2022	Carbohydrates and amino acids showed moderate to strong correlations with daf-2 and akt-1 (negative), as well as daf-16, sod-3, hsp-16.2, and hsf-1 (positive).	Carbohydrates	0-13	Serine/threonine-protein kinase akt-1	Caenorhabditis elegans	84-89
35411365-6	2022	Carbohydrates and amino acids showed moderate to strong correlations with daf-2 and akt-1 (negative), as well as daf-16, sod-3, hsp-16.2, and hsf-1 (positive).	Carbohydrates	0-13	Superoxide dismutase [Mn] 2, mitochondrial	Caenorhabditis elegans	121-126
35411365-6	2022	Carbohydrates and amino acids showed moderate to strong correlations with daf-2 and akt-1 (negative), as well as daf-16, sod-3, hsp-16.2, and hsf-1 (positive).	Carbohydrates	0-13	Heat shock protein hsp-16.2;SHSP domain-containing protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	128-136
34458786-4	2021	Here we use protein NMR relaxation dispersion to determine linear free energy relationships involving the on- and off-rates and the affinity for a series of congeneric ligands targeting the carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-3.	Carbohydrates	190-202	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	225-235
8601726-3	1996	Carbohydrate analysis showed that recombinant Dsg 3 was glycosylated.	Carbohydrates	0-12	desmoglein 3	Homo sapiens	46-51
35631632-2	2022	YKL-40 lacks enzymatic function, but it can bind carbohydrates such as chitin.	Carbohydrates	49-62	chitinase 3 like 1	Homo sapiens	0-6
8634021-1	1996	It has been suggested that threonine or serine residues in the V3 loop of HIV-1 gp120 are glycosylated with the short-chain O-linked oligosaccharides Tn or sialosyl-Tn that function as epitopes for broadly neutralizing carbohydrate specific antibodies.	Carbohydrates	219-231	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	80-85
35617762-4	2022	This paper is based on 24 ethnographic interviews, and explores the work of health practitioners promoting therapeutic carbohydrate restriction ("low-carb" diets) for people with metabolic health conditions.	Carbohydrates	119-131	syntaxin 8	Homo sapiens	150-154
35488925-8	2022	Analysing candidate genes for liver fat and carbohydrate metabolism revealed that the expression of genes encoding glucocorticoid receptor (Gr; also known as Nr3c1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (Pgc1a; also known as Ppargc1a) was increased while DNA methylation of Gr exon 1A and Pgc1a promoter was decreased in the liver of male wild-type offspring of +/- eNOS fathers.	Carbohydrates	44-56	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	169-237
9140729-6	1996	These data indicate the carbohydrates of mouse SK2 VH region do not significantly influence antigen-binding activity.	Carbohydrates	24-37	sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	47-50
35382951-8	2022	and high protein and complex carbohydrate consumption had a lower z-BMI (beta -19.06, p = 0.011), waist circumference (beta -171.92, p = 0.003), and hip circumference (beta -157.57, p = 0.004).	Carbohydrates	29-41	hedgehog interacting protein	Homo sapiens	149-152
35382951-11	2022	and Paraprevotella xylaniphila with high saturated fat and simple carbohydrate consumption we observed a positive association between z-BMI (beta 47.5, p = 0.002), hip circumference (beta 44.54, p = 0.025), and waist circumference (beta 44.34, p = 0.004).	Carbohydrates	66-78	hedgehog interacting protein	Homo sapiens	164-167
35565878-7	2022	The protein, fat, carbohydrate (PFC) ratio showed a high proportion of fat (32.4%) in the diets of female students.	Carbohydrates	18-30	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	71-74
35564336-8	2022	These results provide some evidence that the DRD2 polymorphisms may play a role in post-training changes in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and, as a consequence, in the effectiveness of training programs.	Carbohydrates	118-130	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	45-49
16843957-4	1995	Additional carbohydrate caused a net glucose efflux in the portal drained viscera and increased arterial blood insulin levels.	Carbohydrates	11-23	insulin	Sus scrofa	111-118
35517412-3	2022	The significance of carbohydrate metabolism in cancer has been intensively investigated over the years, but the correlation between ALKBH5 and glucose metabolism in NB remains to be elucidated.	Carbohydrates	20-32	alkB homolog 5, RNA demethylase	Homo sapiens	132-138
35434540-0	2022	Synthetic Carbohydrate Binding Agents neutralize SARS-CoV-2 by inhibiting binding of the spike protein to ACE2.	Carbohydrates	10-22	surface glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	89-94
35434540-0	2022	Synthetic Carbohydrate Binding Agents neutralize SARS-CoV-2 by inhibiting binding of the spike protein to ACE2.	Carbohydrates	10-22	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	106-110
35434540-4	2022	We report here that a family of mannose-binding synthetic carbohydrate binding agents (CBAs) inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection, showing broad neutralizing activity vs. several variants of the spike protein.	Carbohydrates	58-70	surface glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	187-192
7499413-1	1995	The rabbit muscle (M)-type receptor for secretory phospholipases A2 (sPLA2s) has a large extracellular domain of 1394 amino acids, composed of an N-terminal cysteine-rich domain, a fibronectin-like type II domain, and eight carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs).	Carbohydrates	224-236	phospholipase A2 group IID	Homo sapiens	69-75
35549996-1	2022	BACKGROUND: Glycogen storage disease type Ib (GSD Ib) is a severe disorder of carbohydrate metabolism due to bi-allelic variants in SLC37A4.	Carbohydrates	78-90	solute carrier family 37 member 4	Homo sapiens	132-139
35629924-5	2022	From findings obtained from different experimental models, we now have strong indications for a role for both Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1 (SGLT1) and the K+ATP channel in carbohydrate-induced GLP-1 secretion.	Carbohydrates	172-184	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	193-198
34985906-10	2022	Moreover, the inhibitors and structures described here lay out a blueprint that will enable the creation of chemical probes and tools to interrogate OGA and other carbohydrate active enzymes.	Carbohydrates	163-175	O-GlcNAcase	Homo sapiens	149-152
34582545-13	2022	CONCLUSIONS: A low-carbohydrate diet, high in saturated fat, improved insulin-resistant dyslipoproteinemia and lipoprotein(a), without adverse effect on LDL cholesterol.	Carbohydrates	19-31	lipoprotein(a)	Homo sapiens	111-125
8581092-8	1995	This also explains why the diet"s carbohydrate-to-fat ratio can be an important parameter in shaping the interactions between physical activity and body weight maintenance.	Carbohydrates	34-46	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	50-53
35142380-8	2022	This study reports the diagnosis and clinical course in a large cohort of patients with citrin deficiency and suggests that early intervention including low carbohydrate diet and MCT supplementation can be associated with improved clinical course and long-term outcome.	Carbohydrates	157-169	solute carrier family 25 member 13	Homo sapiens	88-94
8581105-3	1995	Experimental evidence suggests that exercise per se may also increase the preference for carbohydrates, i.e. reduce the relative fat content of the diet, and this might be related to the composition of the substrate mix oxidized during exercise.	Carbohydrates	89-102	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	129-132
7574684-2	1995	The extracellular domain contains 398 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 60.6 kDa according to laser desorption mass spectrometry, indicating that the extracellular domain of trkB contains 33.3% carbohydrate moieties.	Carbohydrates	202-214	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	182-186
7476998-11	1995	These results demonstrate that slight changes in the position of carbohydrate attachment within CDR2 of the variable region of the heavy chain can substantially alter carbohydrate processing and that complex-type carbohydrates contained within the same polypeptide chain can have different structures.	Carbohydrates	65-77	cerebellar degeneration-related 2	Mus musculus	96-100
35231853-0	2022	beta-glucuronidase activity is associated with carbohydrate metabolism but not with androgen status in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome.	Carbohydrates	47-59	glucuronidase beta	Homo sapiens	0-18
35231853-10	2022	CONCLUSION: There was no relationship between beta-glucuronidase activity and androgen levels in overweight and obese women with PCOS, but beta-glucuronidase activity may be an important factor in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	197-209	glucuronidase beta	Homo sapiens	139-157
35458631-0	2022	In Vitro and In Silico Studies of Human Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase 1 (Tdp1) Inhibition by Stereoisomeric Forms of Lipophilic Nucleosides: The Role of Carbohydrate Stereochemistry in Ligand-Enzyme Interactions.	Carbohydrates	153-165	tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1	Homo sapiens	40-71
7476998-11	1995	These results demonstrate that slight changes in the position of carbohydrate attachment within CDR2 of the variable region of the heavy chain can substantially alter carbohydrate processing and that complex-type carbohydrates contained within the same polypeptide chain can have different structures.	Carbohydrates	167-179	cerebellar degeneration-related 2	Mus musculus	96-100
8531842-3	1995	I propose that insulin, acting centrally as a signal of carbohydrate availability, promotes TRH secretion by inhibiting release of neuropeptide Y in the paraventricular nucleus.	Carbohydrates	56-68	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	92-95
8846006-7	1995	The FORSE-1 epitope is sensitive to endo-beta-galactosidase, suggesting that the epitope corresponds to a carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	106-118	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	41-59
35458631-0	2022	In Vitro and In Silico Studies of Human Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase 1 (Tdp1) Inhibition by Stereoisomeric Forms of Lipophilic Nucleosides: The Role of Carbohydrate Stereochemistry in Ligand-Enzyme Interactions.	Carbohydrates	153-165	tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1	Homo sapiens	73-77
35458631-3	2022	It was shown that D-lipophilic nucleoside derivatives manifested higher inhibition activity than their L-analogs, and configuration of the carbohydrate moiety can influence the mechanism of Tdp1 inhibition.	Carbohydrates	139-151	tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1	Homo sapiens	190-194
8527942-6	1995	Carbohydrate analysis, in conjunction with amino acid analysis, revealed that baculovirus-expressed rat p62 contains 5-6 mol of N-acetylglucosamine/mol of p62.	Carbohydrates	0-12	KH RNA binding domain containing, signal transduction associated 1	Rattus norvegicus	104-107
35171715-11	2022	Of these, we validated changes in apolipoprotein ApoLpp and the trehalose transporter Tret1-1, indicating roles for enterocyte Rab21 in lipid and carbohydrate homeostasis, respectively.	Carbohydrates	146-158	Rab21	Drosophila melanogaster	127-132
7628443-5	1995	Specifically, we demonstrate that carbohydrate-mediated luminal domain interactions that are necessary for formation of most internal calnexin-CD3 complexes destined to be expressed on the cell surface, and we provide evidence that cytoplasmic domain interactions between calnexin and CD3 epsilon chains mask calnexin"s ER retention signal, permitting calnexin and associated proteins to escape ER retention.	Carbohydrates	34-46	calnexin	Homo sapiens	134-142
35361862-0	2022	Exploring carbohydrate binding module fusions and Fab fragments in a cellulose-based lateral flow immunoassay for detection of cystatin C.	Carbohydrates	10-22	cystatin C	Homo sapiens	127-137
35361862-1	2022	This paper presents a lateral flow assay (LFA) for the quantitative, fluorescence-based detection of the kidney biomarker cystatin C that features conjugates of capture antibodies and fusions of carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) with ZZ domains anchored on cellulose deposited over nitrocellulose (NC).	Carbohydrates	195-207	cystatin C	Homo sapiens	122-132
7628443-5	1995	Specifically, we demonstrate that carbohydrate-mediated luminal domain interactions that are necessary for formation of most internal calnexin-CD3 complexes destined to be expressed on the cell surface, and we provide evidence that cytoplasmic domain interactions between calnexin and CD3 epsilon chains mask calnexin"s ER retention signal, permitting calnexin and associated proteins to escape ER retention.	Carbohydrates	34-46	calnexin	Homo sapiens	272-280
7628443-5	1995	Specifically, we demonstrate that carbohydrate-mediated luminal domain interactions that are necessary for formation of most internal calnexin-CD3 complexes destined to be expressed on the cell surface, and we provide evidence that cytoplasmic domain interactions between calnexin and CD3 epsilon chains mask calnexin"s ER retention signal, permitting calnexin and associated proteins to escape ER retention.	Carbohydrates	34-46	calnexin	Homo sapiens	272-280
7628443-5	1995	Specifically, we demonstrate that carbohydrate-mediated luminal domain interactions that are necessary for formation of most internal calnexin-CD3 complexes destined to be expressed on the cell surface, and we provide evidence that cytoplasmic domain interactions between calnexin and CD3 epsilon chains mask calnexin"s ER retention signal, permitting calnexin and associated proteins to escape ER retention.	Carbohydrates	34-46	calnexin	Homo sapiens	272-280
35321349-2	2022	The addition of CP and CS powder increased protein, fat, ash, and fiber values of chicken patties compared with control, while carbohydrate, pH, and TBA were decreased at zero time and after 3 months of storage.	Carbohydrates	127-139	citrate synthase	Gallus gallus	23-25
7540063-5	1995	Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) CSLEX-1 and HECA-452, which identify carbohydrate epitopes involving sialic acid, bound to 33% and 35% of CD34+ cells, respectively, and included the majority of CFU-GM and pre-CFU.	Carbohydrates	67-79	hdc homolog, cell cycle regulator	Homo sapiens	42-46
7777518-1	1995	A nervous system-specific glycoprotein antigen from adult Drosophila heads, designated Nervana (Nrv), has been purified on the basis of reactivity of its carbohydrate epitope(s) with anti-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) antibodies that are specific markers for Drosophila neurons.	Carbohydrates	154-166	nervana 1	Drosophila melanogaster	87-94
35328545-2	2022	Gal-3 binds beta-galactoside through its carbohydrate-recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	41-53	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-5
35434487-7	2022	The objec tive of this study was to study the inf luence of FGF21 on metabolic characteristics, food intake, and the expression of carbohydrate and fat metabolism genes in the liver, adipose tissue, and hypothalamus in female mice with alimentary obesity and low (ovariectomy) or high (ovariectomy + E2) blood estradiol level.	Carbohydrates	131-143	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	60-65
35269724-4	2022	The relatively high binding affinity of the new compound to the carbohydrate recognition domain of two galectins, galectin 3 and galectin 9, its good antiproliferative and anti-migration activity towards melanoma cells, as well as its anti-angiogenesis properties, pave the way for its further development as an anticancer agent.	Carbohydrates	64-76	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	114-124
7777518-1	1995	A nervous system-specific glycoprotein antigen from adult Drosophila heads, designated Nervana (Nrv), has been purified on the basis of reactivity of its carbohydrate epitope(s) with anti-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) antibodies that are specific markers for Drosophila neurons.	Carbohydrates	154-166	nervana 1	Drosophila melanogaster	96-99
7762523-6	1995	Replacing dietary fat with carbohydrates 1) significantly decreased HDL3a, HDL2a, and HDL2b; 2) reduced HDL2b significantly more in pattern A than in pattern B men; and 3) increased plasma HDL3b concentrations significantly more in those men with the epsilon 2 allele.	Carbohydrates	27-40	junctophilin 3	Homo sapiens	75-79
7539053-3	1995	Binding of galectin-3 to the different glycoproteins tested was carbohydrate dependent and could be specifically inhibited by the addition of lactose and, to a lesser extent, galactose.	Carbohydrates	64-76	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	11-21
35187647-1	2022	Feruloyl esterases (FAEs) and acetyl xylan esterases (AXEs) are important enzymes for plant biomass degradation and are both present in Carbohydrate Esterase family 1 (CE1) of the Carbohydrate-Active enZymes database.	Carbohydrates	180-192	carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens	136-166
35187647-1	2022	Feruloyl esterases (FAEs) and acetyl xylan esterases (AXEs) are important enzymes for plant biomass degradation and are both present in Carbohydrate Esterase family 1 (CE1) of the Carbohydrate-Active enZymes database.	Carbohydrates	180-192	carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens	168-171
35215921-0	2022	Carbohydrate Ligands for COVID-19 Spike Proteins.	Carbohydrates	0-12	surface glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	34-39
7538754-6	1995	The carbohydrate moieties of the TSH beta-subunit appear to play little or no role in the epitope recognition by MAb 279 or MAb 299 while the integrity of the disulphide bonds are essential.	Carbohydrates	4-16	thyroid stimulating hormone subunit beta	Homo sapiens	33-41
7753172-3	1995	We show here that their antigen-presentation function is associated with the high-level expression of DEC-205, an integral membrane protein homologous to the macrophage mannose receptor and related receptors which are able to bind carbohydrates and mediate endocytosis.	Carbohydrates	231-244	lymphocyte antigen 75	Homo sapiens	102-109
7722454-6	1995	The major distinction identified between the two Kb subsets is that they differ substantially in their degree of N-linked glycosylation, with the Ly-m11+ subset containing Kb molecules with larger and more complex carbohydrate modifications than the M1/42high subset.	Carbohydrates	214-226	beta-2 microglobulin	Mus musculus	146-152
35078449-12	2022	The activity of different carbohydrate metabolic enzymes like Pyruvate Kinase, Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase, and glucokinase has also been restored by the extract treatment.	Carbohydrates	26-38	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	79-112
35078449-12	2022	The activity of different carbohydrate metabolic enzymes like Pyruvate Kinase, Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase, and glucokinase has also been restored by the extract treatment.	Carbohydrates	26-38	glucokinase	Rattus norvegicus	139-150
7545761-6	1995	By contrast, quaking MAG contained less of the adhesion-related, HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope.	Carbohydrates	71-83	myelin-associated glycoprotein	Mus musculus	21-24
35491020-1	2022	Computer modeling of complexation of mono- and oligosaccharide ligands with the main (fourth) carbohydrate-binding domain of the mannose receptor CD206 (CRD4), as well as with the model receptor concanavalin A (ConA), was carried out for the first time, using methods of molecular dynamics and neural network analysis.	Carbohydrates	94-106	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	146-151
35491020-4	2022	Complexation of ConA and CD206 with ligands is shown to be energetically caused by electrostatic interactions (E) of the charged residues (Asn, Asp, Arg) with oxygen and hydrogen atoms in carbohydrates; contributions of hydrophobic and van der Waals components is lower.	Carbohydrates	188-201	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	25-30
35491020-10	2022	Based on the developed technique, values of the dissociation constants of a series of CD206 complexes with nine carbohydrate ligands of different structures were determined, which were not previously known.	Carbohydrates	112-124	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	86-91
7876141-0	1995	Calnexin recognizes carbohydrate and protein determinants of class I major histocompatibility complex molecules.	Carbohydrates	20-32	calnexin	Homo sapiens	0-8
35491020-11	2022	The obtained data open up possibilities for using computer modeling for the development of optimal drug carriers capable of active macrophage targeting, and also determine the limits of applicability of using ConA as a relevant model for studying parameters of the CD206 binding to various carbohydrate ligands.	Carbohydrates	290-302	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	265-270
7876141-9	1995	These results suggest that calnexin first recognizes carbohydrate on substrate proteins and then binds more stably to peptide determinants, which disappear upon folding.	Carbohydrates	53-65	calnexin	Homo sapiens	27-35
7852431-5	1995	Overall, galectin-8 is structurally related (34% identity) to galectin-4, a soluble rat galectin with two carbohydrate-binding domains in the same polypeptide chain, joined by a link peptide.	Carbohydrates	106-118	galectin 8	Rattus norvegicus	9-19
7852431-7	1995	Together with galectin-4, galectin-8 therefore represents a subfamily of galectins consisting of a tandem repeat of structurally different carbohydrate recognition domains within a single polypeptide chain.	Carbohydrates	139-151	galectin 8	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
7862663-3	1995	Addition of saccharides that bind galectin-3 with high affinity inhibited product formation in the splicing assay, while addition of carbohydrates that do not bind to the lectin did not inhibit product formation.	Carbohydrates	12-23	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	34-44
7795416-5	1995	These findings extend our previous results on the carbohydrate-binding properties of HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoprotein in that they demonstrate the involvement of AGP glycan moieties in the binding to rgp160/rgp120.	Carbohydrates	50-62	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	101-104
7852489-3	1995	To elucidate this, we examined the relation of carbohydrate moieties of hCG to bioactivity in 79 early pregnant women, divided into 4 groups: no emesis, mild emesis, hyperemesis, and gestational thyrotoxicosis with hyperemesis.	Carbohydrates	47-59	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	72-75
7852489-9	1995	The fraction firmly bound to ricin column, which contains hCG with asialo-carbohydrate chains, was significantly increased in the gestational thyrotoxicosis group (3.44 +/- 1.70%; n = 5) compared with that in the no emesis group (1.77 +/- 0.49%; n = 24; P &lt; 0.03).	Carbohydrates	74-86	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	58-61
7730143-1	1995	The lectin pathway is a novel pathway for activation of the complement cascade, which is initiated by the binding of mannose-binding protein (MBP) to its carbohydrate ligands.	Carbohydrates	154-166	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	117-140
7730143-1	1995	The lectin pathway is a novel pathway for activation of the complement cascade, which is initiated by the binding of mannose-binding protein (MBP) to its carbohydrate ligands.	Carbohydrates	154-166	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	142-145
7550760-3	1995	MBP binds via the CRD to carbohydrate structures on microorganisms.	Carbohydrates	25-37	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	0-3
7550760-4	1995	MBP can activate the complement system when bound to carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	53-65	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	0-3
7783683-0	1995	Carbohydrate-dependent biological activities of glycosylated human interferon-beta on human hepatoblastoma cells in vitro.	Carbohydrates	0-12	interferon beta 1	Homo sapiens	67-82
7890120-2	1994	This is important because the carbohydrate component of human arylsulfatase A synthesized in tumor tissues and transformed cells has been shown to undergo apparent changes.	Carbohydrates	30-42	arylsulfatase A	Homo sapiens	62-77
7890120-7	1994	Deglycosylation of arylsulfatase A with peptide N-glycosidase F and endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase F resulted in complete cleavage of its carbohydrate component from each subunit.	Carbohydrates	141-153	arylsulfatase A	Homo sapiens	19-34
7525589-1	1994	Pulmonary surfactant protein A (SP-A) contains 4 domains: a disulfide forming amino terminus, a collagen-like region, a neck region, and a carbohydrate recognition region.	Carbohydrates	139-151	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	0-30
7525589-1	1994	Pulmonary surfactant protein A (SP-A) contains 4 domains: a disulfide forming amino terminus, a collagen-like region, a neck region, and a carbohydrate recognition region.	Carbohydrates	139-151	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	32-36
7947821-1	1994	The primary structure of galectin-3, a approximately 30 kDa galactoside-binding protein (aka CBP-35, mL-34, hL-31, L-29, Mac-2, and epsilon BP), reveals two structural domains: an amino-terminal domain consists of a Pro-Gly-rich motif, and a globular carboxyl-terminal domain containing a carbohydrate-binding site.	Carbohydrates	289-301	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	25-35
7959015-7	1994	The hAMPK gene bears homology to a yeast protein kinase-encoding gene (snf1) that regulates carbohydrate metabolism, and also with three other genes encoding SNF1-like kinases from different plant species, namely Arabidopsis thaliana, Hordeum vulgare and Secale cereale.	Carbohydrates	92-104	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	4-9
7518456-3	1994	The senescent cells whose surface band 3 saccharide chains were cleaved by endo-beta-galactosidase or totally removed by N-glycosidase F showed decreased binding of the anti-human IgG.	Carbohydrates	41-51	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	80-98
8034632-7	1994	Sialylation may occur on the C-6 of the N-acetylgalactosamine involved in the carbohydrate-peptide linkage or on a terminal galactose residue, either on C-3 or on C-6.	Carbohydrates	78-90	complement C6	Homo sapiens	29-32
8006040-8	1994	Digestion of rSP-D with bacterial collagenase generated a COOH-terminal carbohydrate binding fragment and a smaller peptide (approximately 12 kDa, unreduced) that contains interchain disulfide bonds.	Carbohydrates	72-84	surfactant protein D	Rattus norvegicus	13-18
8002965-4	1994	The activity and CPT I gene expression are markedly decreased in the liver of rats weaned on to a high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	103-115	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B	Rattus norvegicus	17-22
8179619-3	1994	The carbohydrate side chains of the insulin receptor were less branched on the dexamethasone-treated cells; i.e., the ratio of saccharides with three and four branches to those bearing only two branches was decreased.	Carbohydrates	127-138	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	36-52
8163269-0	1994	Immunohistochemical study of mucin carbohydrates and core proteins in human ovarian tumors.	Carbohydrates	35-48	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	29-34
8163269-3	1994	In this study we examined the expression of carbohydrate antigens, which are associated with the earliest steps in mucin glycosylation (Tn and sialosyl-Tn), and the expression of the mucin core protein antigens associated with the MUC1 gene product (mammary-type apomucin) and the MUC2 gene product (intestinal-type apomucin) in 123 ovarian epithelial (mucinous and serous) tumors.	Carbohydrates	44-56	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	115-120
8132328-0	1994	Binding of Yersinia enterocolitica to purified, native small intestinal mucins from rabbits and humans involves interactions with the mucin carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	140-152	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	72-77
8132328-11	1994	We concluded that virulent Y. enterocolitica interacts with the carbohydrate moiety of native small intestinal mucin through a plasmid-mediated process.	Carbohydrates	64-76	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	111-116
7509735-7	1994	Competition experiments using combinations of monoclonal antibodies and rabbit anti-beta CTP antiserum demonstrated that two epitopes exist within the beta-(115-145) region of hCG, one of which depends on the presence of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	221-233	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	176-179
8119193-0	1994	Insulin-like growth factor 1 alters feto-placental protein and carbohydrate metabolism in fetal sheep.	Carbohydrates	63-75	insulin-like growth factor I	Ovis aries	0-28
8119193-9	1994	We conclude that IGF-1 has anabolic effects on feto-placental protein and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	74-86	insulin-like growth factor I	Ovis aries	17-22
7905448-5	1994	The fall in plasma glucagon after weaning to a high-carbohydrate diet could reinforce the insulin-induced accumulation of FAS and ACC mRNA, as this hormone inhibits the accumulation of lipogenic enzyme mRNA in liver and white adipose tissue.	Carbohydrates	52-64	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	122-125
7905448-6	1994	The decrease in the dietary supply of fat after weaning to a high-carbohydrate diet could also potentiate the accumulation of FAS and ACC mRNA in liver because long-chain poly-unsaturated fatty acids are potent inhibitors of the expression of the genes encoding liver lipogenic enzymes.	Carbohydrates	66-78	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	126-129
21566901-2	1994	This antigen is considered to be the antigen of core region of mucin oligosaccharides, which differs considerably from type 1 chain carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and type 2 chain antigen sialyl-SSEA-1 (SLX).	Carbohydrates	132-144	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	63-68
8226797-7	1993	PECAM-1 molecules on tumor cells appear to bear terminal carbohydrate moieties (i.e. sialic acid residues) different from those on platelets, since neuraminidase treatment of tumor cells, unlike platelets, did not result in a mobility shift.	Carbohydrates	57-69	platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	0-7
8267903-11	1993	CONCLUSIONS: Activation of the classical complement pathway by retrovirus envelope proteins can be initiated by the binding of MBP to carbohydrate side chains of envelope glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	134-146	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	127-130
7505698-0	1993	Effect of modification of carbohydrate side chains on the reactivity of antibodies with core-protein epitopes of the MUC1 gene product.	Carbohydrates	26-38	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	117-121
8246636-1	1993	Previous studies have demonstrated the existence of nuclear carbohydrate binding proteins in a variety of mammalian cells with molecular masses of 35,000, 67,000, and 70,000 (CBP35, CBP67, and CBP70), which are associated with nuclear ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes.	Carbohydrates	60-72	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	175-180
7688376-7	1993	The carbohydrate moieties that form a biochemical basis for hCG heterogeneity seem to be neither of major antigenic relevance, nor are they structurally related to any particular epitope.	Carbohydrates	4-16	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	60-63
7684947-1	1993	A monoclonal antibody to colon carcinoma mucin was found to react with a colon carcinoma-associated carbohydrate epitope.	Carbohydrates	100-112	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	41-46
8318013-1	1993	The contribution of the carbohydrate moiety of the rat ovarian luteinizing-hormone (LH)/chorionic-gonadotropin (CG) receptor to ligand-binding specificity and signal transduction was investigated by using glycosidases.	Carbohydrates	24-36	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	112-114
8344698-7	1993	These results indicate that the B-cell activating factor(s) in SEA contain both carbohydrate and protein.	Carbohydrates	80-92	tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 13b	Mus musculus	32-56
7688415-5	1993	In unoperated normal optic nerves monoclonal antibodies to the HNK-1 carbohydrate labelled astrocytic processes at the ultrastructural level whereas in unoperated md mutants HNK-1 staining was restricted to axonal surfaces.	Carbohydrates	69-81	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-68
8359512-0	1993	Recognition of complex carbohydrates by the macrophage mannose receptor.	Carbohydrates	23-36	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	55-71
8320431-7	1993	The variant forms of hCG have been shown to differ from the native hormone mainly in the carbohydrate moiety, with the more acidic, more glycosylated variants being the ones capable of stimulating the human thyroid and the more alkaline sialic acidic deficient variants on the other hand, being potent thyroid inhibitors.	Carbohydrates	89-101	hypertrichosis 2 (generalised, congenital)	Homo sapiens	21-24
8220265-4	1993	Daily administration of bovine Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase conjugated with polyethylene glycol prevented the serum level alterations and pancreatic lesions, indicating that the superoxide radical has a role in dietary carbohydrate-induced acute pancreatitis.	Carbohydrates	217-229	superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn]	Bos taurus	31-57
8436402-5	1993	However, SP-D and conglutinin are known to have different carbohydrate-binding specificities, therefore some of the 16 residues conserved in the C-type lectin domains of all three species of SP-D, but which are not conserved in conglutinin, appear likely to be involved in determination of specificity.	Carbohydrates	58-70	pulmonary surfactant-associated protein D	Bos taurus	9-13
8436402-5	1993	However, SP-D and conglutinin are known to have different carbohydrate-binding specificities, therefore some of the 16 residues conserved in the C-type lectin domains of all three species of SP-D, but which are not conserved in conglutinin, appear likely to be involved in determination of specificity.	Carbohydrates	58-70	pulmonary surfactant-associated protein D	Bos taurus	191-195
8499684-0	1993	The impact of D-Trp6 luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) on carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	70-82	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Homo sapiens	60-65
8499684-7	1993	CONCLUSION: With respect to carbohydrate metabolism, D-Trp6 LH-RH may safely be administered to healthy women.	Carbohydrates	28-40	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Homo sapiens	60-65
1477092-1	1992	Mannan-binding protein (MBP) is a lectin which, upon binding to certain carbohydrates, activates the classical pathway of complement without the involvement of antibody or C1q.	Carbohydrates	72-85	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	24-27
1281869-1	1992	In the present study we investigated to what extent the peripheral carbohydrate structure of N-linked glycans influences the antigenic properties of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 glycoprotein 120 (gp120).	Carbohydrates	67-79	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	203-208
1449481-1	1992	The amounts of ATP-citrate lyase in liver cytosol began to increase at 12 hours after refeeding a high-carbohydrate diet and further increased until 48 hours.	Carbohydrates	103-115	ATP citrate lyase	Rattus norvegicus	15-32
1394223-9	1992	In addition, the expression of mucin-associated carbohydrate antigens did not correlate with any individual mucin gene or group of mucin genes.	Carbohydrates	48-60	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	31-36
1425441-0	1992	Carbohydrate moiety of follitropin receptor is not required for high affinity hormone-binding or for functional coupling between receptor and guanine nucleotide-binding protein in bovine calf testis membranes.	Carbohydrates	0-12	follicle stimulating hormone receptor	Bos taurus	23-43
1280338-4	1992	Ac-P was isolated and purified, and determined to be a glycoprotein containing a large amount of carbohydrate, with molecular weight 42,000 and isoelectric point 2.7-3.3.	Carbohydrates	97-109	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit AB1	Homo sapiens	0-4
1515998-1	1992	BACKGROUND: The Tn, sialosyl-Tn, and T antigens are carbohydrate-associated antigens that represent initial steps in mucin O-linked glycosylation.	Carbohydrates	52-64	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	117-122
1396479-4	1992	Due to the higher satiating power of carbohydrate and protein compared with fat, a reduction in the dietary fat/carbohydrate ratio produces a negative fat balance in normal subjects consuming the diet ad libitum, while an increase in dietary fat/carbohydrate ratio results in a positive fat balance and weight gain.	Carbohydrates	37-49	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	108-111
1396479-4	1992	Due to the higher satiating power of carbohydrate and protein compared with fat, a reduction in the dietary fat/carbohydrate ratio produces a negative fat balance in normal subjects consuming the diet ad libitum, while an increase in dietary fat/carbohydrate ratio results in a positive fat balance and weight gain.	Carbohydrates	37-49	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	108-111
1396479-4	1992	Due to the higher satiating power of carbohydrate and protein compared with fat, a reduction in the dietary fat/carbohydrate ratio produces a negative fat balance in normal subjects consuming the diet ad libitum, while an increase in dietary fat/carbohydrate ratio results in a positive fat balance and weight gain.	Carbohydrates	37-49	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	108-111
1396479-4	1992	Due to the higher satiating power of carbohydrate and protein compared with fat, a reduction in the dietary fat/carbohydrate ratio produces a negative fat balance in normal subjects consuming the diet ad libitum, while an increase in dietary fat/carbohydrate ratio results in a positive fat balance and weight gain.	Carbohydrates	37-49	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	108-111
1396479-4	1992	Due to the higher satiating power of carbohydrate and protein compared with fat, a reduction in the dietary fat/carbohydrate ratio produces a negative fat balance in normal subjects consuming the diet ad libitum, while an increase in dietary fat/carbohydrate ratio results in a positive fat balance and weight gain.	Carbohydrates	112-124	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	76-79
1396479-4	1992	Due to the higher satiating power of carbohydrate and protein compared with fat, a reduction in the dietary fat/carbohydrate ratio produces a negative fat balance in normal subjects consuming the diet ad libitum, while an increase in dietary fat/carbohydrate ratio results in a positive fat balance and weight gain.	Carbohydrates	112-124	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	108-111
1396479-4	1992	Due to the higher satiating power of carbohydrate and protein compared with fat, a reduction in the dietary fat/carbohydrate ratio produces a negative fat balance in normal subjects consuming the diet ad libitum, while an increase in dietary fat/carbohydrate ratio results in a positive fat balance and weight gain.	Carbohydrates	112-124	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	108-111
1396479-4	1992	Due to the higher satiating power of carbohydrate and protein compared with fat, a reduction in the dietary fat/carbohydrate ratio produces a negative fat balance in normal subjects consuming the diet ad libitum, while an increase in dietary fat/carbohydrate ratio results in a positive fat balance and weight gain.	Carbohydrates	112-124	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	108-111
1396479-4	1992	Due to the higher satiating power of carbohydrate and protein compared with fat, a reduction in the dietary fat/carbohydrate ratio produces a negative fat balance in normal subjects consuming the diet ad libitum, while an increase in dietary fat/carbohydrate ratio results in a positive fat balance and weight gain.	Carbohydrates	112-124	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	108-111
1396479-4	1992	Due to the higher satiating power of carbohydrate and protein compared with fat, a reduction in the dietary fat/carbohydrate ratio produces a negative fat balance in normal subjects consuming the diet ad libitum, while an increase in dietary fat/carbohydrate ratio results in a positive fat balance and weight gain.	Carbohydrates	112-124	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	76-79
1396479-4	1992	Due to the higher satiating power of carbohydrate and protein compared with fat, a reduction in the dietary fat/carbohydrate ratio produces a negative fat balance in normal subjects consuming the diet ad libitum, while an increase in dietary fat/carbohydrate ratio results in a positive fat balance and weight gain.	Carbohydrates	112-124	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	108-111
1396479-4	1992	Due to the higher satiating power of carbohydrate and protein compared with fat, a reduction in the dietary fat/carbohydrate ratio produces a negative fat balance in normal subjects consuming the diet ad libitum, while an increase in dietary fat/carbohydrate ratio results in a positive fat balance and weight gain.	Carbohydrates	112-124	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	108-111
1396479-4	1992	Due to the higher satiating power of carbohydrate and protein compared with fat, a reduction in the dietary fat/carbohydrate ratio produces a negative fat balance in normal subjects consuming the diet ad libitum, while an increase in dietary fat/carbohydrate ratio results in a positive fat balance and weight gain.	Carbohydrates	112-124	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	108-111
1396479-4	1992	Due to the higher satiating power of carbohydrate and protein compared with fat, a reduction in the dietary fat/carbohydrate ratio produces a negative fat balance in normal subjects consuming the diet ad libitum, while an increase in dietary fat/carbohydrate ratio results in a positive fat balance and weight gain.	Carbohydrates	112-124	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	108-111
1396479-6	1992	The available knowledge suggests that the genetic propensity to weight gain is caused by a susceptibility to dietary fat due to an impaired capacity to increase their lipid/carbohydrate oxidation when fed a high-fat/low-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	173-185	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	117-120
1396479-6	1992	The available knowledge suggests that the genetic propensity to weight gain is caused by a susceptibility to dietary fat due to an impaired capacity to increase their lipid/carbohydrate oxidation when fed a high-fat/low-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	220-232	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	117-120
1362322-9	1992	The carbohydrate specificity of these responses suggests that the MFR or an another scavenger receptor may be involved in the responses to these substances, and that cytotoxicity and IFN-induction by glycoproteins follow unique pathways.	Carbohydrates	4-16	fibroblast growth factor receptor 1	Mus musculus	66-69
1607636-1	1992	We used a monoclonal antibody (PS1) to a carbohydrate antigen to study the development of the oocyte and follicle during early stages of differentiation in several mammalian species.	Carbohydrates	41-53	presenilin 1	Homo sapiens	31-34
1327701-4	1992	Since altered mucin glycosylation occurs in cancer resulting in exposure of core carbohydrate, we postulated that increased exposure or other alteration of core peptide structure may occur in cancerous tissues.	Carbohydrates	81-93	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	14-19
1316906-6	1992	In rat liver, calreticulin possesses a carbohydrate moiety of the complex hybrid type with terminal galactoses (Nguyen Van, P., Peter, F., and Soling, H.-D. (1989) J. Biol.	Carbohydrates	39-51	calreticulin	Rattus norvegicus	14-26
1599413-9	1992	In addition, the change in carbohydrate content also alters Pg binding to U937 cells.	Carbohydrates	27-39	plasminogen	Homo sapiens	60-62
1618696-3	1992	By applying a lectin-based ELISA system it was demonstrated that conglutinin-like protein binds to human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) glycoprotein 120 (gp120) via its carbohydrate binding site.	Carbohydrates	171-183	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	138-154
1618696-3	1992	By applying a lectin-based ELISA system it was demonstrated that conglutinin-like protein binds to human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) glycoprotein 120 (gp120) via its carbohydrate binding site.	Carbohydrates	171-183	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	156-161
1556106-8	1992	These results suggest that cells can interact with members of the TGF-beta and FGF families through separate domains of the same membrane proteoglycan, and can selectively regulate the bFGF-binding carbohydrate chains of this proteoglycan in response to bFGF.	Carbohydrates	198-210	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
1556106-8	1992	These results suggest that cells can interact with members of the TGF-beta and FGF families through separate domains of the same membrane proteoglycan, and can selectively regulate the bFGF-binding carbohydrate chains of this proteoglycan in response to bFGF.	Carbohydrates	198-210	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	185-189
1281060-1	1992	In order to develop reagents that can detect the exposed core carbohydrate antigens of mucins, we have prepared monoclonal antibodies against partially deglycosylated LS174T human colon cancer mucin.	Carbohydrates	62-74	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	87-92
1568026-5	1992	The intake of carbohydrate, vegetable protein and fat decreased with increase in ethanol consumption in the following order: carbohydrate greater than vegetable protein = vegetable fat.	Carbohydrates	125-137	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	50-53
1310044-13	1992	13C NMR spectroscopic studies and carbohydrate analysis of the deglycosylation intermediates of the human mucin indicate that certain sialic acid containing and N-acetylglucosamine-containing oligosaccharides have elevated resistance to TFMSA treatment at 0 degrees C. By the use of neuraminidase, repeated mild TFMSA treatments, and multiple oxidations and beta-eliminations, the human mucin can be nearly completely deglycosylated.	Carbohydrates	34-46	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	106-111
1642554-5	1992	From these data we conclude that HIV1-LAV gp120 and HIV1-NDK gp100 differ both in their proteic moiety (60 kDa and 55 kDa, respectively) and in their carbohydrate moiety (60 kDa and 45 kDa, respectively).	Carbohydrates	150-162	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	42-47
1284853-2	1992	A role in cell adhesion of the carbohydrate moiety of these molecules has been attributed to the presence of N-glycans bearing the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope.	Carbohydrates	31-43	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	131-136
1284853-2	1992	A role in cell adhesion of the carbohydrate moiety of these molecules has been attributed to the presence of N-glycans bearing the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope.	Carbohydrates	137-149	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	131-136
1740114-1	1992	Influenza virus neuraminidase catalyses the cleavage of terminal sialic acid, the viral receptor, from carbohydrate chains on glycoproteins and glycolipids.	Carbohydrates	103-115	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	16-29
1636261-5	1992	The molecular mass of hCG is 38 kD, up to 30% of which is contributed by the carbohydrate moieties linked to each of the two subunits.	Carbohydrates	77-89	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	22-25
1636261-7	1992	The carbohydrate units are responsible for expression of agonist activity: deglycosylated hCG (degly-hCG) is unable to induce a biological response (cAMP increase), despite high-affinity binding.	Carbohydrates	4-16	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	90-93
1636261-7	1992	The carbohydrate units are responsible for expression of agonist activity: deglycosylated hCG (degly-hCG) is unable to induce a biological response (cAMP increase), despite high-affinity binding.	Carbohydrates	4-16	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	101-104
1725730-3	1991	Numerous alterations of mucin-associated carbohydrates can be detected in neoplastic epithelial tissues and on circulating mucins in patients with adenocarcinomas.	Carbohydrates	41-54	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	24-29
1917996-6	1991	These glycoproteins do not share a common epitope with Mac-2, and the interaction between Mac-2 and these proteins is mediated through the carbohydrate-binding domain of Mac-2 and sugar moieties on M2BP-1 and M2BP-2.	Carbohydrates	139-151	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	90-95
1917996-6	1991	These glycoproteins do not share a common epitope with Mac-2, and the interaction between Mac-2 and these proteins is mediated through the carbohydrate-binding domain of Mac-2 and sugar moieties on M2BP-1 and M2BP-2.	Carbohydrates	139-151	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	90-95
1916106-1	1991	Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase, which hydrolyzes lactose, the major carbohydrate in milk, plays a critical role in the nutrition of the mammalian neonate.	Carbohydrates	65-77	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-27
1954027-1	1991	ZP3, a preparation of the 55K families of porcine oocyte zona pellucida, possesses carbohydrate-dependent ligand activity for boar sperm.	Carbohydrates	83-95	zona pellucida glycoprotein 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
1954027-9	1991	The results document the extreme heterogeneity of the ZP3 carbohydrate moiety, in large part attributable to a broad spectrum of variably sized N- and O-linked sulfated polylactosamines.	Carbohydrates	58-70	zona pellucida glycoprotein 3	Homo sapiens	54-57
1717445-6	1991	The LFA-3 multimers were generated using a three-step cross-linking chemistry that was targeted at the carbohydrates on LFA-3.	Carbohydrates	103-116	CD58 molecule	Homo sapiens	4-9
1717445-6	1991	The LFA-3 multimers were generated using a three-step cross-linking chemistry that was targeted at the carbohydrates on LFA-3.	Carbohydrates	103-116	CD58 molecule	Homo sapiens	120-125
1723642-7	1991	Immunocytochemical and biochemical comparisons of VC1.1 and HNK-1 staining in rat and cat brain indicate that these two antibodies probably recognize overlapping, or identical carbohydrate epitopes.	Carbohydrates	176-188	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	60-65
2041094-3	1991	When combined with sequence-based information, these mass measurements establish that gp160s is a dimer of subunits with an average monomer mass of 123 kDa, of which approximately 32 kDa is carbohydrate and 91 kDa is protein.	Carbohydrates	190-202	glutamyl aminopeptidase	Homo sapiens	86-91
1682045-1	1991	The effect of carbohydrate structures on the adsorption of HIV-1 or of recombinant envelope glycoprotein gp 160 (rgp 160) to cells of the CEM line was investigated with an indirect immunofluorescence assay using gp 120-specific mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed to envelope gp 120.	Carbohydrates	14-26	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	83-104
1682045-1	1991	The effect of carbohydrate structures on the adsorption of HIV-1 or of recombinant envelope glycoprotein gp 160 (rgp 160) to cells of the CEM line was investigated with an indirect immunofluorescence assay using gp 120-specific mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed to envelope gp 120.	Carbohydrates	14-26	glutamyl aminopeptidase	Homo sapiens	105-111
1648948-3	1991	To verify a previous observation that cathepsin D of human hepatoma contained increased GlcNAc-phosphomannose, the protease was examined for carbohydrate phosphorylation by the GlcNAc-phosphotransferase.	Carbohydrates	141-153	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	38-49
1891065-5	1991	Here, we report the identification of another NCAM isoform of 95 kDa that is apparent on tissues following either N-glycanase or neuraminidase treatment to remove carbohydrate and sialic acid residues from the molecule respectively.	Carbohydrates	163-175	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	129-142
1850740-6	1991	The carbohydrate analysis of rhCG showing the presence of 2.1, 3.3, 7.38, 4.2, and 27.8 residues of Fuc, GalNAC, GlcNAC, Gal, and Man, respectively, per mole of the hormone was consistent with the presence of 4 N-linked high mannose type carbohydrate hydrate and 4 O-linked simple carbohydrate chains, probably made up of Gal-GalNAC.	Carbohydrates	4-16	Rh family C glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	29-33
1850740-6	1991	The carbohydrate analysis of rhCG showing the presence of 2.1, 3.3, 7.38, 4.2, and 27.8 residues of Fuc, GalNAC, GlcNAC, Gal, and Man, respectively, per mole of the hormone was consistent with the presence of 4 N-linked high mannose type carbohydrate hydrate and 4 O-linked simple carbohydrate chains, probably made up of Gal-GalNAC.	Carbohydrates	238-250	Rh family C glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	29-33
1850740-6	1991	The carbohydrate analysis of rhCG showing the presence of 2.1, 3.3, 7.38, 4.2, and 27.8 residues of Fuc, GalNAC, GlcNAC, Gal, and Man, respectively, per mole of the hormone was consistent with the presence of 4 N-linked high mannose type carbohydrate hydrate and 4 O-linked simple carbohydrate chains, probably made up of Gal-GalNAC.	Carbohydrates	238-250	Rh family C glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	29-33
1850740-9	1991	Furthermore, it implies that the alteration from the complex to high mannose type carbohydrates in rhCG does not affect its proper folding.	Carbohydrates	82-95	Rh family C glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	99-103
2002028-6	1991	These characteristics are shared by the rat hepatic lectin and chicken hepatic lectin, both of which are C-type lectins containing carbohydrate-recognition domains highly homologous to that of MBP.	Carbohydrates	131-143	hepatic lectin	Gallus gallus	44-58
2002028-6	1991	These characteristics are shared by the rat hepatic lectin and chicken hepatic lectin, both of which are C-type lectins containing carbohydrate-recognition domains highly homologous to that of MBP.	Carbohydrates	131-143	hepatic lectin	Gallus gallus	71-85
1993068-0	1991	Mapping of carbohydrate sites on the human insulin receptor.	Carbohydrates	11-23	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	43-59
2551493-1	1989	Previously established human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed to carbohydrate antigens are essentially all IgM class, and show relatively low affinity and low reactivity at 37 degrees C. We report here the establishment of a human IgG3 MAb displaying high affinity antigen-binding activity at 37 degrees C and efficiently activating cellular cytotoxicity directed to human tumor cell lines expressing the polylactosamine antigen.	Carbohydrates	70-82	immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 3 (G3m marker)	Homo sapiens	236-240
1899333-6	1991	This difference was abrogated when the precursors were treated with glycopeptidase F. In the intracellular small chain a difference was observed in the size of carbohydrate chains that were cleavable with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H. Sequence analysis of the N-termini of mature intracellular cathepsin D indicated a N-terminal trimming in both large and small chains from both human and transfected hamster cells.	Carbohydrates	160-172	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	301-312
2787353-5	1989	The conclusion that rIL-2 is a lectin is further supported by the observation that the sequence of IL-2 shares 27% homology with a 33-residue sequence of the carbohydrate-binding domain of human mannose-binding protein.	Carbohydrates	158-170	interleukin 2	Rattus norvegicus	20-25
2787353-6	1989	The potential physiologic relevance of the carbohydrate binding activity is further elucidated by studies which show that 1) binding of soluble rIL-2 to immobilized uromodulin is enhanced at a pH of 4 to5 in the presence of divalent cations, and 2) neither uromodulin nor the high mannose glycopeptide Man5GlcNAc2Asn blocks the binding of rIL-2 to the IL-2R.	Carbohydrates	43-55	interleukin 2	Rattus norvegicus	144-149
2787353-6	1989	The potential physiologic relevance of the carbohydrate binding activity is further elucidated by studies which show that 1) binding of soluble rIL-2 to immobilized uromodulin is enhanced at a pH of 4 to5 in the presence of divalent cations, and 2) neither uromodulin nor the high mannose glycopeptide Man5GlcNAc2Asn blocks the binding of rIL-2 to the IL-2R.	Carbohydrates	43-55	interleukin 2	Rattus norvegicus	339-344
2787353-7	1989	Thus the carbohydrate-binding site of rIL-2 is distinct from the cell surface receptor-binding site, and might function preferentially in acidic microenvironments.	Carbohydrates	9-21	interleukin 2	Rattus norvegicus	38-43
1781360-0	1991	Studies on the structure and biosynthesis of the phosphatidyl-inositol-glycan anchor and the carbohydrate side chains of human placental ecto-5"-nucleotidase.	Carbohydrates	93-105	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	137-157
2596205-3	1989	At this period, carbohydrate hydrolysis system is presented only by lactase, the activity of pancreatic alpha-amylase, intestinal gamma-amylase and maltase being very low, whereas the activity of saccharides is absent at all.	Carbohydrates	16-28	lactase-phlorizin hydrolase	Ovis aries	68-75
1823219-1	1991	Rat plasma kallikrein (RPK) is a serine protease that circulates as an inactive precursor, prokallikrein, and once activated is efficiently cleared by the liver by a carbohydrate-dependent, Ca(2+)-independent mechanism.	Carbohydrates	166-178	kallikrein B1	Rattus norvegicus	4-21
2470764-9	1989	The one unique feature of the carbohydrate groups of equine and guinea pig alpha 2-macroglobulins was the presence of 4-O-Ac-Neu5Ac as 30-50% of the total sialic acids, while human alpha 2-macroglobulin contained only Neu 5Ac.	Carbohydrates	30-42	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Homo sapiens	75-96
1869451-5	1991	These results indicate that lysozyme is secreted by the equine Paneth cell in an apparent attempt to regulate the changing microbial population induced by carbohydrate overload of the gut.	Carbohydrates	155-167	lysozyme	Equus caballus	28-36
2526652-2	1989	Freeze-drying of trehalose, lactose, and myo-inositol with lysozyme resulted in substantial alterations of the infrared spectra of the dried carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	141-154	lysozyme C-like	Oryctolagus cuniculus	59-67
2526652-9	1989	Also tested was the concentration dependency of the carbohydrates" influence on the position of the amide II band for dried lysozyme.	Carbohydrates	52-65	lysozyme C-like	Oryctolagus cuniculus	124-132
1715920-4	1991	Thus, the carbohydrate (CHO) units of hCG neither seem to be part of these 14 antigenic sites nor to contribute to the affinity of receptor binding: both variants had even higher affinities than native hCG.	Carbohydrates	10-22	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	38-41
2524188-8	1989	These data suggest that the Fc gamma RI and Fc gamma RII sites on human IgG are highly conformation-dependent and that the carbohydrate moiety serves to stabilize the Fc structure rather than interacting directly with Fc receptors.	Carbohydrates	123-135	Fc gamma receptor Ia	Homo sapiens	28-39
2244867-1	1990	Glucokinase (EC 2.7.1.2) first appears in the liver of the rat 2 weeks after birth and increases after weaning on to a high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	124-136	glucokinase	Rattus norvegicus	0-11
2910468-3	1989	The antigen recognized by MA54 (CA54) or MA61 (CA61) proved to be carbohydrate chain on a high molecular weight mucin-type glycoprotein, and CA54 has NeuAc alpha 2-6galactose in the terminal residue.	Carbohydrates	66-78	collagen type IV alpha 5 chain	Homo sapiens	32-36
2477202-1	1989	The neural cell adhesion molecules L1 and N-CAM share a common carbohydrate epitope that is recognized by the monoclonal antibodies L2 and HNK-1.	Carbohydrates	63-75	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	42-47
2226299-0	1990	Anionic complex-carbohydrate units of human thyroglobulin.	Carbohydrates	16-28	thyroglobulin	Homo sapiens	44-57
2226299-1	1990	Human thyroglobulin (hTG) contains sulfate in chondroitin 6-sulfate chains and in complex carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	90-103	thyroglobulin	Homo sapiens	6-19
2482552-1	1989	Data from light- and electronimmunocytochemistry gave evidence that the antibodies to the mammalian adhesion molecule J1/tenascin and its carbohydrate structure L2/HNK-1 react with immunoreactive structures present in the inner and outer receptor lymph cavities of antennal sensilla of the honey bee.	Carbohydrates	138-150	immunoglobulin kappa joining 1	Homo sapiens	118-129
2249730-7	1990	Embryonic RPE N-CAM contains the sulfated carbohydrate recognized by the HNK-1 antibody, but this epitope was not present on N-CAM synthesized by cultured RPE cells.	Carbohydrates	42-54	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	73-78
2081600-4	1990	The calculated Mr of mouse plasminogen is 88,706 excluding carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	59-71	plasminogen	Mus musculus	27-38
2561640-4	1989	It is concluded that ceruloplasmin receptors in this cell system is a membrane protein containing 3% carbohydrate with a total molecular weight of 35,000.	Carbohydrates	101-113	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	21-34
3058803-0	1988	Fc region-dependence of IgG3 anti-streptococcal group A carbohydrate antibody functional affinity.	Carbohydrates	56-68	immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 3 (G3m marker)	Homo sapiens	24-28
3058803-3	1988	Previous studies have demonstrated that IgG3 anti-streptococcal group A carbohydrate (GAC) mAb bind to the surfaces of heat-killed, pepsin-digested group A streptococcal cells in an Fc region-dependent cooperative manner.	Carbohydrates	72-84	immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 3 (G3m marker)	Homo sapiens	40-44
2289463-4	1990	Neuraminidase from different sources and peptide-N-glycosidase F were applied to investigate the presence of sialic acid and/or carbohydrate chains in human catalase.	Carbohydrates	128-140	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	0-13
2379952-5	1990	Chemical analysis of this preparation indicated a typical mucin profile of amino acids and carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	91-104	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	58-63
3058209-8	1988	It was concluded that (1) the carbohydrate core of intrinsic factor protects the whole protein whereas the carbohydrate core of haptocorrin protects only half part of the protein and (2) the carbohydrates are implicated in the formation of the cobalamin binding site of haptocorrin and intrinsic factor.	Carbohydrates	30-42	cobalamin binding intrinsic factor	Homo sapiens	51-67
3058209-8	1988	It was concluded that (1) the carbohydrate core of intrinsic factor protects the whole protein whereas the carbohydrate core of haptocorrin protects only half part of the protein and (2) the carbohydrates are implicated in the formation of the cobalamin binding site of haptocorrin and intrinsic factor.	Carbohydrates	107-119	transcobalamin 1	Homo sapiens	128-139
3058209-8	1988	It was concluded that (1) the carbohydrate core of intrinsic factor protects the whole protein whereas the carbohydrate core of haptocorrin protects only half part of the protein and (2) the carbohydrates are implicated in the formation of the cobalamin binding site of haptocorrin and intrinsic factor.	Carbohydrates	191-204	cobalamin binding intrinsic factor	Homo sapiens	51-67
3058209-8	1988	It was concluded that (1) the carbohydrate core of intrinsic factor protects the whole protein whereas the carbohydrate core of haptocorrin protects only half part of the protein and (2) the carbohydrates are implicated in the formation of the cobalamin binding site of haptocorrin and intrinsic factor.	Carbohydrates	191-204	transcobalamin 1	Homo sapiens	128-139
3058209-8	1988	It was concluded that (1) the carbohydrate core of intrinsic factor protects the whole protein whereas the carbohydrate core of haptocorrin protects only half part of the protein and (2) the carbohydrates are implicated in the formation of the cobalamin binding site of haptocorrin and intrinsic factor.	Carbohydrates	191-204	transcobalamin 1	Homo sapiens	270-281
3058209-8	1988	It was concluded that (1) the carbohydrate core of intrinsic factor protects the whole protein whereas the carbohydrate core of haptocorrin protects only half part of the protein and (2) the carbohydrates are implicated in the formation of the cobalamin binding site of haptocorrin and intrinsic factor.	Carbohydrates	191-204	cobalamin binding intrinsic factor	Homo sapiens	286-302
1694876-0	1990	Effect of different fixatives on immunocytochemical localization of HNK-1-reactive antigens in cerebellum: a method for differentiating the localization of the same carbohydrate epitope on proteins vs lipids.	Carbohydrates	165-177	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-73
1694876-8	1990	The selective localization of HNK-1-reactive carbohydrate in the molecular layer and deep cerebellar nuclei with 2% or 4% GT/PF fixation correlates well with the observed presence of HNK-1-reactive lipids in these areas but not in the granular layer and white matter, as determined by microdissection of the individual layers and biochemical analysis.	Carbohydrates	45-57	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	30-35
3232318-2	1988	CA-1 contained a carbohydrate to protein ratio of 2:1 for Serotype 5 and 3:1 for Serotype 7.	Carbohydrates	17-29	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	0-4
1694876-8	1990	The selective localization of HNK-1-reactive carbohydrate in the molecular layer and deep cerebellar nuclei with 2% or 4% GT/PF fixation correlates well with the observed presence of HNK-1-reactive lipids in these areas but not in the granular layer and white matter, as determined by microdissection of the individual layers and biochemical analysis.	Carbohydrates	45-57	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	183-188
2360543-1	1990	The ability of carbohydrates (CHO), such as fructose and sucrose, to aggravate copper deficiency in rats and the recent dietary trends of Western human populations led to the suggestion that the Cu X CHO interaction may be pertinent to public health.	Carbohydrates	15-28	cut like homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	195-199
2460537-0	1988	Is a natural ligand of the T lymphocyte CD2 molecule a sulfated carbohydrate?	Carbohydrates	64-76	CD2 molecule	Homo sapiens	40-43
2460537-8	1988	Collectively, the data indicate that the CD2 molecule specifically binds DxS and suggest that a potential target cell ligand for CD2 is a sulfated carbohydrate structure.	Carbohydrates	147-159	CD2 molecule	Homo sapiens	41-44
2460537-8	1988	Collectively, the data indicate that the CD2 molecule specifically binds DxS and suggest that a potential target cell ligand for CD2 is a sulfated carbohydrate structure.	Carbohydrates	147-159	CD2 molecule	Homo sapiens	129-132
2162155-12	1990	The alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase was found to be active toward the blood group type A disaccharide, and trisaccharide, and glycoproteins with type A-active carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	159-171	N-acetyl galactosaminidase, alpha	Mus musculus	4-35
2163684-7	1990	Changes in G6PD mRNA are larger than previously reported and, at the steady state, can completely account for the 33-fold change in G6PD activity and synthesis when fasted rats are refed a high carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	194-206	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	11-15
2163684-7	1990	Changes in G6PD mRNA are larger than previously reported and, at the steady state, can completely account for the 33-fold change in G6PD activity and synthesis when fasted rats are refed a high carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	194-206	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	132-136
2189768-11	1990	It remains to be determined whether amylin at physiological concentrations influences carbohydrate metabolism and if so whether its effects differ in diabetic and nondiabetic humans.	Carbohydrates	86-98	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	36-42
2334903-3	1990	Trifluoromethane sulfonic acid was used to remove carbohydrate units from purified mucin molecules.	Carbohydrates	50-62	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	83-88
1694506-0	1990	The role of carbohydrate in human choriogonadotropin (hCG) action.	Carbohydrates	12-24	glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide	Homo sapiens	54-57
1694506-11	1990	Our results suggest that Asn-linked oligosaccharide chains from various glycoproteins perturb hCG-receptor interactions through a putative carbohydrate binding site on the receptor.	Carbohydrates	139-151	glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide	Homo sapiens	94-97
2108147-9	1990	These studies demonstrate that SP-D is a calcium dependent lectin-like protein and that the association of SP-D with surfactant is mediated by carbohydrate-dependent interactions with specificity for alpha-glucosyl residues.	Carbohydrates	143-155	surfactant protein D	Rattus norvegicus	107-111
1367433-5	1990	The variant and native t-PA genes were transfected into mouse C127 cells and their carbohydrate structures analyzed by the susceptibility to specific endoglycosidases and by reaction with sugar-specific lectins.	Carbohydrates	83-95	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	23-27
2137845-2	1990	The 2.2-kb cDNA clone encodes a 331 amino acid membrane glycoprotein that is homologous to human Fc epsilon RII (CD23) and a family of carbohydrate-binding proteins.	Carbohydrates	135-147	Fc epsilon receptor II	Homo sapiens	97-111
2137845-2	1990	The 2.2-kb cDNA clone encodes a 331 amino acid membrane glycoprotein that is homologous to human Fc epsilon RII (CD23) and a family of carbohydrate-binding proteins.	Carbohydrates	135-147	Fc epsilon receptor II	Homo sapiens	113-117
2110870-6	1990	t-PA(C127) has an alpha-galactosyl moiety in its carbohydrate chains, whereas such a structure is not found in t-PA(CHO).	Carbohydrates	49-61	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	0-4
2680979-10	1989	These data suggest that the sugar units to which the bacterial colonization factor CS3 binds are synthesized as carbohydrate chains of three brush border membrane glycoproteins in HT-29 cells by a differentiation-specific pathway.	Carbohydrates	112-124	myozenin 3	Homo sapiens	83-86
2574581-3	1989	The carbohydrate of gp120 recognized by lectins was thus arranged in at least four types of glycans: a high mannose type glycan, a bisected hybrid or complex type glycan, a biantennary fucosylated complex type glycan and a triantennary bisected complex type glycan.	Carbohydrates	4-16	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	20-25
2110870-7	1990	These results demonstrate that two preparations of rt-PA"s with different carbohydrate structures show different pharmacokinetics, and suggest that the carbohydrate structure can affect the efficiency of hepatic uptake of t-PA.	Carbohydrates	74-86	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	52-56
2110870-7	1990	These results demonstrate that two preparations of rt-PA"s with different carbohydrate structures show different pharmacokinetics, and suggest that the carbohydrate structure can affect the efficiency of hepatic uptake of t-PA.	Carbohydrates	152-164	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	52-56
2323808-4	1990	Chemical analyses of this preparation indicated a typical mucin profile of amino acids and carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	91-104	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	58-63
2476488-8	1989	Thus, these results demonstrate that the Ag determinants recognized by the UCHL1 and the anti-220/205/190-kDa mAb, which are topographically unrelated, are associated with sialic acids from O-linked-type oligosaccharides, emphasizing the contribution of carbohydrates to the Ag heterogeneity of CD45 molecular complex.	Carbohydrates	254-267	ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1	Homo sapiens	75-80
2677072-4	1989	Increasing the proportion of carbohydrates supplied by Nixtamal was associated with a linear decrease of postprandial serum glucose and insulin.	Carbohydrates	29-42	insulin	Bos taurus	136-143
2140053-5	1990	The high carbohydrate content of apo(a) makes true molecular weight estimations in SDS-PAGE gels difficult.	Carbohydrates	9-21	lipoprotein(a)	Homo sapiens	33-39
2363591-4	1990	The apparent "mucin secretion" described in these rare neoplasms could be due to the histochemical staining of carbohydrate components or breakdown products of thyroglobulin and colloid.	Carbohydrates	111-123	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	14-19
2507577-5	1989	These results support the hypothesis that proacrosin is involved in secondary or consolidated binding of mammalian spermatozoa to the zona pellucida by virtue of its carbohydrate-binding capacity.	Carbohydrates	166-178	acrosin	Homo sapiens	42-52
1693271-3	1990	Total carbohydrate content of PAPP-A (19.4%) exceeded that of alpha 2M (8.6%).	Carbohydrates	6-18	pappalysin 1	Homo sapiens	30-36
2815709-1	1989	In athletes of high skills, a 5-percent decline of the body weight over 5 days by means of restricting water, fats and carbohydrates consumption was followed by reduced activity of ceruloplasmin and lysozyme of blood serum.	Carbohydrates	119-132	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	181-194
2201297-4	1990	These results suggest that loss of insulin receptor in cellular ageing is probably part of a more generalised alteration and rat serves as an excellent model in defining the role of thyroid hormones in carbohydrate tolerance.	Carbohydrates	202-214	insulin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	35-51
2776137-1	1989	Manninotrionate [alpha-D-Galp-(1----6)-alpha-D-Galp-(1----6)-D-gluconate] was coupled to bovine serum albumin (BSA), and antisera were raised in rabbits to this carbohydrate-protein conjugate.	Carbohydrates	161-173	albumin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	96-109
2736256-9	1989	In addition, the lung PTK was not retained on a wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-agarose column, suggesting that the lung enzyme is either not a glycoprotein or that the carbohydrate moieties present, if any, have no affinity for WGA.	Carbohydrates	165-177	protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta	Homo sapiens	22-25
2100576-3	1990	Mucin antigens vary from 24 to 80% in carbohydrate content and their density is usually greater than 1.40 g/ml.	Carbohydrates	38-50	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	0-5
2468312-1	1989	CEA is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of about 180,000, 60% of which is composed of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	92-104	pregnancy specific beta-1-glycoprotein 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
33232564-10	2021	The main genes identified for RFT were GSK3beta, LRP1B, EXT1, GRB2, SORCS1 and SLMAP, which are involved in metabolic pathways such as glycogen synthesis, lipid transport and homeostasis, polysaccharide and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	207-219	low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1B	Bos taurus	49-54
2463989-5	1989	GMP-140 contained 28.8% carbohydrate by weight, distributed among N-acetylneuraminic acid, neutral sugar, and N-acetylglucosamine residues.	Carbohydrates	24-36	selectin P	Homo sapiens	0-7
33232564-10	2021	The main genes identified for RFT were GSK3beta, LRP1B, EXT1, GRB2, SORCS1 and SLMAP, which are involved in metabolic pathways such as glycogen synthesis, lipid transport and homeostasis, polysaccharide and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	207-219	growth factor receptor bound protein 2	Bos taurus	62-66
32579418-11	2020	In conclusion, our findings indicated novel genetic associations between chronotype and the NR1D2 clock gene, which has previously been associated with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	152-164	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 2	Homo sapiens	92-97
2852182-6	1988	In view of these results, the LT-G-S staining methods employed in the present study are believed to be a reliable technique for the precise localization of saccharide residues of glycoproteins in light microscopy.	Carbohydrates	156-166	TNF superfamily member 14	Homo sapiens	30-34
8070384-0	1994	Maternal insulin-like growth factor-I infusion alters feto-placental carbohydrate and protein metabolism in pregnant sheep.	Carbohydrates	69-81	insulin-like growth factor I	Ovis aries	9-37
2971663-5	1988	Since both enzymes compete for the same precursor substrate, the coordinate changes in their activities are most likely responsible for the complete change of the carbohydrate structures on leukosialin during the activation of human T-lymphocytes.	Carbohydrates	163-175	LOC105369247	Homo sapiens	190-201
2970619-5	1988	Efficient uptake of acid alpha-glucosidase was achieved by using the mannose-6-phosphate receptor on the cell surface as a target for an enzyme precursor with phosphorylated high-mannose types carbohydrate chains purified from human urine.	Carbohydrates	193-205	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	25-42
2492155-1	1989	Adult rats when fed a high carbohydrate diet of 70% sucrose or glucose for 24 h following a 4-day fast showed increased concentrations of intestinal sucrase-isomaltase (EC 3.2.1.48, EC 3.2.1.10) and maltase-glucoamylase (EC 3.2.1.20) but not lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (EC 3.2.1.23, EC 3.2.1.62).	Carbohydrates	27-39	sucrase-isomaltase	Rattus norvegicus	149-167
2492155-6	1989	Further evidence that stimulation of sucrase-isomaltase and maltase-glucoamylase by high carbohydrate is not restricted to the crypt and lower villus region was obtained by the finding that their synthesis rates appeared to be equally stimulated along the length of the villus column.	Carbohydrates	89-101	sucrase-isomaltase	Rattus norvegicus	37-55
34478942-3	2022	We aimed to develop a swine model for studying changes in glucose metabolism and insulin resistance resulting from dietary carbohydrate alone or in combination with high dietary fat.	Carbohydrates	123-135	insulin	Sus scrofa	81-88
2559069-1	1989	PP19, a new placental tissue protein, has alpha 1-beta 1 electrophoretic mobility, a molecular weight of 36,500 and 3.9% carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	121-133	stathmin 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
2526035-7	1989	The isolated CSF-1 is a sialoglycoprotein with 41.5% of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	56-68	colony stimulating factor 1	Homo sapiens	13-18
3287954-0	1988	Effects of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet on degradation of sucrase-isomaltase in rat jejunoileum.	Carbohydrates	31-43	sucrase-isomaltase	Rattus norvegicus	67-85
3287954-7	1988	Crossed immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated that a degradation product of sucrase-isomaltase, i.e., isomaltase monomer, was present in a larger amount in rats fed a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	182-194	sucrase-isomaltase	Rattus norvegicus	73-91
3126186-3	1988	On the other hand, carbohydrate processing of beta-galactosidase and beta-glucuronidase was markedly altered by swainsonine, consistent with a blockage by the inhibitor of the removal of the alpha-1,3- and alpha-1,6-linked mannose residues which occurs in normal processing.	Carbohydrates	19-31	galactosidase, beta 1	Mus musculus	46-64
2642066-6	1989	These results indicate that the banding pattern of soluble and membranous dopamine beta-hydroxylase on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis may not be due to a membrane-binding anchor but rather to carbohydrate moieties.	Carbohydrates	219-231	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	74-99
34478942-10	2022	This same group had a lower insulin response (Carbohydrate x Fat, P < 0.05).	Carbohydrates	46-58	insulin	Sus scrofa	28-35
3126186-3	1988	On the other hand, carbohydrate processing of beta-galactosidase and beta-glucuronidase was markedly altered by swainsonine, consistent with a blockage by the inhibitor of the removal of the alpha-1,3- and alpha-1,6-linked mannose residues which occurs in normal processing.	Carbohydrates	19-31	glucuronidase, beta	Mus musculus	69-87
34948406-8	2021	All the above results indicate that the saccharide-modified sulfonamide has further research value for the development of CA IX inhibitors.	Carbohydrates	40-50	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	122-127
3346730-0	1988	A synapse-specific carbohydrate at the neuromuscular junction: association with both acetylcholinesterase and a glycolipid.	Carbohydrates	19-31	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	85-105
3346730-5	1988	AChE from muscle binds to DBA- and VVA-B4-agarose, and is thereby identified as a glycoconjugate bearing the synapse-specific carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	126-138	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
3253621-2	1988	The monoclonal IgMs in several of the patients bind to the carbohydrate epitope Gal (beta 1-3) GalNAc, which is shared by gangliosides GM1 and GD1b and glycoproteins in the nervous system and crossreacted with Gal (beta 1-3) GlcNAc.	Carbohydrates	59-71	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 beta 2 pseudogene 2	Homo sapiens	85-93
2834230-3	1988	The homology raises the question whether the amino-terminal part of thrombomodulin and the pancreatic protein binds carbohydrate or perhaps like tetranectin have a specific affinity for other proteins.	Carbohydrates	116-128	thrombomodulin	Homo sapiens	68-82
34787402-10	2021	The changes of genes related to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, such as citrate synthase (CS), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1), and malate dehydrogenase (MDH), further supported these results.	Carbohydrates	32-44	citrate synthase	Homo sapiens	80-96
3367907-1	1988	The structure of the carbohydrate components of NB, the small integral membrane glycoprotein of influenza B virus, was investigated.	Carbohydrates	21-33	NUBP iron-sulfur cluster assembly factor 1, cytosolic	Homo sapiens	48-50
3367907-2	1988	The carbohydrate chains of NB are processed from the high-mannose form (NB18) to a heterogeneous form of much higher molecular weight, designated NBp.	Carbohydrates	4-16	NUBP iron-sulfur cluster assembly factor 1, cytosolic	Homo sapiens	27-29
3367907-2	1988	The carbohydrate chains of NB are processed from the high-mannose form (NB18) to a heterogeneous form of much higher molecular weight, designated NBp.	Carbohydrates	4-16	NUBP iron-sulfur cluster assembly factor 1, cytosolic	Homo sapiens	146-149
2840199-2	1988	The present study demonstrated that monoclonal antibody S1 (IgG2a), which recognized the antigenic determinant of the carbohydrate moiety, showed antibody-dependent cell (or macrophage)-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC or ADMC) in conjunction with murine splenocytes of both BALB/c and athymic mice.	Carbohydrates	118-130	immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-9	Mus musculus	60-65
34787402-10	2021	The changes of genes related to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, such as citrate synthase (CS), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1), and malate dehydrogenase (MDH), further supported these results.	Carbohydrates	32-44	citrate synthase	Homo sapiens	98-100
2834139-8	1988	Its apparent Mr is 57,000 with an isoelectric point pI = 5.8-6.0 CSF-1 is a glycoprotein with 40% of carbohydrate (w/w).	Carbohydrates	101-113	colony stimulating factor 1	Homo sapiens	65-70
2834139-10	1988	An almost complete removal of the carbohydrate moiety from CSF-1 was obtained after treatment with trifluoromethanesulfonic (TFMS) acid followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-25 (Fine).	Carbohydrates	34-46	colony stimulating factor 1	Homo sapiens	59-64
3367907-3	1988	Selection of this carbohydrate-containing form of NB with Datura stramonium lectin, its susceptibility to digestion by endo-beta-galactosidase, and determination of the size of NBp glycopeptides by gel filtration chromatography suggested that the increase in molecular weight is due to processing to polylactosaminoglycan.	Carbohydrates	18-30	NUBP iron-sulfur cluster assembly factor 1, cytosolic	Homo sapiens	50-52
3367907-5	1988	Expression of mutants of NB lacking either one or both of the normal N-terminal sites of asparagine-linked glycosylation indicated that both carbohydrate chains are modified to contain polylactosaminoglycan.	Carbohydrates	141-153	NUBP iron-sulfur cluster assembly factor 1, cytosolic	Homo sapiens	25-27
3367907-7	1988	Unglycosylated NB, expressed either in influenza B virus-infected cells treated with tunicamycin or in cells expressing the NB mutant lacking both N-linked glycosylation sites, was expressed at the cell surface, indicating that NB does not require carbohydrate addition for transport.	Carbohydrates	248-260	NUBP iron-sulfur cluster assembly factor 1, cytosolic	Homo sapiens	15-17
3277847-0	1988	Lipoprotein lipase activity in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of marathon runners after simple and complex carbohydrate-rich diets.	Carbohydrates	111-123	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	0-18
34960711-5	2021	Further study showed that the removal of SA, a typical cell-surface carbohydrate, could influence the PDCoV infectivity to the cells significantly, suggesting that SA was involved in the infection.	Carbohydrates	68-80	acyl-CoA synthetase medium chain family member 3	Homo sapiens	41-43
2908743-0	1988	Evidence that Thy-1 and Ly-5 (T-200) antigens interact with sulphated carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	70-83	protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, C	Mus musculus	24-28
34960711-5	2021	Further study showed that the removal of SA, a typical cell-surface carbohydrate, could influence the PDCoV infectivity to the cells significantly, suggesting that SA was involved in the infection.	Carbohydrates	68-80	acyl-CoA synthetase medium chain family member 3	Homo sapiens	164-166
34959832-7	2021	This was in line with intestinal and hepatic carbohydrate response (e.g., Slc2a2, Slc2a5, Khk and Fbp1) and hepatic lipogenesis (e.g., Srebf1 and Fasn), which were significantly reduced under psyllium addition.	Carbohydrates	45-57	ketohexokinase	Homo sapiens	90-93
2463441-3	1988	We found that the cell-associated form of a factor specific for L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10 (GAT-TsF1) is a 66 kDa protein which exhibits a slightly acidic isoelectric point, but no carbohydrate as determined by enzymatic analysis and lectin-affinity chromatography.	Carbohydrates	197-209	serine/threonine kinase 16	Homo sapiens	112-116
3130257-1	1988	Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors delay carbohydrate absorption.	Carbohydrates	35-47	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	0-17
34940096-2	2021	The present study investigated the beliefs and experiences of individuals following a diet that severely limits, or entirely excludes, dietary carbohydrates, colloquially known as a "zero-carb" diet, for at least 6 months.	Carbohydrates	143-156	syntaxin 8	Homo sapiens	188-192
3147726-6	1988	Two forms of native LIF, distinguishable by their chromatographic behavior on DEAE-Sepharose, were converted by neuraminidase treatment to a form with similar chromatographic behavior, suggesting that the major difference between these two species is the content of sialic acid on the carbohydrate portion.	Carbohydrates	285-297	leukemia inhibitory factor	Mus musculus	20-23
3289031-0	1988	Glucoregulatory effects of interleukin-1: implications to the carbohydrate dyshomeostasis of septic shock.	Carbohydrates	62-74	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	27-40
34569272-0	2021	Protein-carbohydrate interaction effects on energy balance, FGF21, IGF-1 and hypothalamic genes expression in rats.	Carbohydrates	8-20	fibroblast growth factor 21	Rattus norvegicus	60-65
2908743-6	1988	It was found that the Thy-1 and Ly-5 (T-200 or leucocyte common antigen) molecules of murine thymocytes bind to sulphated carbohydrates, although the two molecules differed substantially in their reactivity with the four different SP tested.	Carbohydrates	122-135	protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, C	Mus musculus	32-36
34385064-4	2021	Adverse modifications in carbohydrate metabolism were observed in larvae: hexokinase (HK) activity, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content were significantly decreased; and transcript expression of genes (GK, HK1, and PCK1) was also significantly changed.	Carbohydrates	25-37	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (soluble)	Danio rerio	260-264
3123586-2	1987	The apoC-III polypeptide contains a carbohydrate chain containing galactosamine, galactose, and sialic acid attached in O-linkage to a threonine residue at position 74.	Carbohydrates	36-48	apolipoprotein C3	Homo sapiens	4-12
34385064-6	2021	The change in expression of genes (ndufs4, Sdhalpha, and uqcrc2) involved in the mitochondrial respiratory complexes, and genes (polg1 and tk2) involved in the mitochondrial DNA replication and transcription indicates that these adverse effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism are caused by mitochondrial dysfunction.	Carbohydrates	248-260	succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit A, flavoprotein (Fp)	Danio rerio	43-51
3123586-3	1987	We have cloned the apoC-III gene from a subject whose serum contained unusually high amounts of apoC-III lacking the carbohydrate moiety (C-III-0).	Carbohydrates	117-129	apolipoprotein C3	Homo sapiens	19-27
3124260-1	1988	The lectins from Datura stramonium, Lycopersicon esculentum, and Solanum tuberosum are structurally related and possess a similar carbohydrate specificity, yet the Datura lectin is mitogenic for human lymphocytes while the other two are not.	Carbohydrates	130-142	LTL	Solanum lycopersicum	4-10
34690972-9	2021	Importantly, Gal-3 and Gal-3C interactions on the microbial microarray accurately predicted actual interactions toward intact microbes, with Gal-3 and Gal-3C displaying carbohydrate-dependent binding toward distinct strains of Providentia alcalifaciens and Klebsiella pneumoniae that express mammalian-like antigens, while failing to recognize similar strains that express unrelated antigens.	Carbohydrates	169-181	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	141-146
3480243-4	1987	Thus, the acrosin molecule combines specific proteolytic activity with zona- and carbohydrate-affinity properties, i.e. previously unrecognized properties of a serine proteinase.	Carbohydrates	81-93	acrosin	Homo sapiens	10-17
2444645-5	1987	In contrast, primary or hyperimmunization with carbohydrate antigens gave rise to a more heterogeneous response dominated by IgM anti-IgG3, with lesser amounts of IgM anti-IgG2b and anti-IgG1.	Carbohydrates	47-59	immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 3 (G3m marker)	Homo sapiens	134-138
3600292-5	1987	The somatomedin levels of the carbohydrate-restricted rats were significantly lower than those of their age-matched, but not weight-matched, controls by the eighth day of study.	Carbohydrates	30-42	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-15
34690972-9	2021	Importantly, Gal-3 and Gal-3C interactions on the microbial microarray accurately predicted actual interactions toward intact microbes, with Gal-3 and Gal-3C displaying carbohydrate-dependent binding toward distinct strains of Providentia alcalifaciens and Klebsiella pneumoniae that express mammalian-like antigens, while failing to recognize similar strains that express unrelated antigens.	Carbohydrates	169-181	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	151-157
3600292-7	1987	These data indicate that by restricting carbohydrate intake we have compromised the anabolic use of dietary protein by growing rats, resulting in a retardation of growth and a reduction in serum total IGF and IGF-I levels.	Carbohydrates	40-52	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	209-214
3312195-10	1987	GP 110 was found to be extensively glycosylated relative to other known membrane proteins; approximately 33% of the apparent molecular weight appear to be carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	155-167	ADRM1 26S proteasome ubiquitin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
3312195-12	1987	Neuraminidase treatment of GP 110 resulted in a desialylated Mr = 85,000 polypeptide suggesting that the majority of carbohydrate chains on GP 110 are of the complex type.	Carbohydrates	117-129	ADRM1 26S proteasome ubiquitin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	27-33
3312195-12	1987	Neuraminidase treatment of GP 110 resulted in a desialylated Mr = 85,000 polypeptide suggesting that the majority of carbohydrate chains on GP 110 are of the complex type.	Carbohydrates	117-129	ADRM1 26S proteasome ubiquitin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	140-146
34570460-2	2021	Intraoral/biofilm-tooth pH is the single parameter that has demonstrated accurate assessment of dental caries risk, reflecting the summative integrated outcome of the complicated interactions between three etiological factors, namely, microorganisms/biofilm, diet/carbohydrates, and tooth/saliva/host.	Carbohydrates	264-277	phenylalanine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	24-26
3624220-5	1987	The content of these saccharide sequences was found to increase with increasing affinity of the parent polysaccharide for antithrombin.	Carbohydrates	21-31	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	122-134
3495591-6	1987	Studies of the mitogenic and polyclonal B cell activation properties of M1 carbohydrates indicated that B cell proliferation is induced in both xid (Lyb-3-, 5-) and normal (Lyb-3-, 5- and Lyb-3+, 5+) splenic B cell subpopulations, but that differentiation to IgM synthesis fails to occur in the Lyb-3-, 5- B cell subpopulation.	Carbohydrates	75-88	B-lymphocyte antigen 3	Mus musculus	149-154
3495591-6	1987	Studies of the mitogenic and polyclonal B cell activation properties of M1 carbohydrates indicated that B cell proliferation is induced in both xid (Lyb-3-, 5-) and normal (Lyb-3-, 5- and Lyb-3+, 5+) splenic B cell subpopulations, but that differentiation to IgM synthesis fails to occur in the Lyb-3-, 5- B cell subpopulation.	Carbohydrates	75-88	B-lymphocyte antigen 3	Mus musculus	173-178
3495591-6	1987	Studies of the mitogenic and polyclonal B cell activation properties of M1 carbohydrates indicated that B cell proliferation is induced in both xid (Lyb-3-, 5-) and normal (Lyb-3-, 5- and Lyb-3+, 5+) splenic B cell subpopulations, but that differentiation to IgM synthesis fails to occur in the Lyb-3-, 5- B cell subpopulation.	Carbohydrates	75-88	B-lymphocyte antigen 3	Mus musculus	173-178
3495591-6	1987	Studies of the mitogenic and polyclonal B cell activation properties of M1 carbohydrates indicated that B cell proliferation is induced in both xid (Lyb-3-, 5-) and normal (Lyb-3-, 5- and Lyb-3+, 5+) splenic B cell subpopulations, but that differentiation to IgM synthesis fails to occur in the Lyb-3-, 5- B cell subpopulation.	Carbohydrates	75-88	B-lymphocyte antigen 3	Mus musculus	173-178
3495591-8	1987	Because the M1 serotype carbohydrates induce polyclonal IgM synthesis and antigen-specific responses in only the mature B cell population in the absence of T cells, whereas TNP-Ficoll and other type 2 antigens require T cells or their derived factors, the Lyb-3+, 5+ B cell subpopulation may consist of a T cell-dependent and a T cell-independent compartment for responses to different carbohydrate type 2 antigens.	Carbohydrates	24-37	B-lymphocyte antigen 3	Mus musculus	256-261
3495591-8	1987	Because the M1 serotype carbohydrates induce polyclonal IgM synthesis and antigen-specific responses in only the mature B cell population in the absence of T cells, whereas TNP-Ficoll and other type 2 antigens require T cells or their derived factors, the Lyb-3+, 5+ B cell subpopulation may consist of a T cell-dependent and a T cell-independent compartment for responses to different carbohydrate type 2 antigens.	Carbohydrates	24-36	B-lymphocyte antigen 3	Mus musculus	256-261
3295352-2	1987	T-Ag is composed of a specific carbohydrate chain, galactose-beta-1-3-N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), which is specifically detectable through the immunohistochemical binding of peanut agglutinin (PNA).	Carbohydrates	31-43	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1194	Homo sapiens	0-4
3326689-2	1987	alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors delay carbohydrate absorption and have been proposed as adjunctive therapy for diabetes mellitus.	Carbohydrates	35-47	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	0-17
34650614-1	2021	Objective: To investigate the changes of UCP1 protein in brown fat by establishing a model of gestational diabetes mellitus through intervention of high fat and carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	161-173	uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	41-45
3609611-1	1987	Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (D beta H) (EC 1.14.17.1) from adrenal medulla is a glycoprotein with approximately 5% carbohydrate by weight.	Carbohydrates	113-125	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	0-25
3475717-1	1987	Changes in carbohydrate and polypeptide form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) have been documented during the development of central nervous system tissue in both chicken and frog.	Carbohydrates	11-23	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Gallus gallus	83-87
3472238-8	1987	The mature L-CAM polypeptide consists of 727 amino acids, with a calculated Mr of 79,900 for the carbohydrate-free protein.	Carbohydrates	97-109	cadherin 1	Gallus gallus	11-16
34575073-4	2021	The carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) has been identified within a cysteine-rich region in the lectin heavy subunit and has an amino acid sequence identity to the receptor-binding domain of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF).	Carbohydrates	4-16	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	194-218
3556312-6	1987	Both the active fraction from the cockroach CC and bovine insulin caused a decrease in hemolymph carbohydrate in neck-ligated locusts.	Carbohydrates	97-109	insulin	Bos taurus	58-65
2886499-0	1987	A new endo-beta-galactosidase releasing Gal alpha 1----3Gal from carbohydrate moieties of glycoproteins and from a glycolipid.	Carbohydrates	65-77	galactosidase beta 1	Bos taurus	11-29
3609301-0	1987	Physiological variant of antithrombin-III lacks carbohydrate sidechain at Asn 135.	Carbohydrates	48-60	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	25-41
34575073-4	2021	The carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) has been identified within a cysteine-rich region in the lectin heavy subunit and has an amino acid sequence identity to the receptor-binding domain of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF).	Carbohydrates	4-16	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	220-223
3597443-4	1987	Endoglycosidase digestion and lectin blotting have been utilized to demonstrate that RHL-2 and RHL-3 differ by the presence of different carbohydrate structures attached to a common peptide backbone.	Carbohydrates	137-149	hes family bHLH transcription factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	85-88
34579000-1	2021	Citrin deficiency is characterized by a wide range of symptoms from infancy through adulthood and presents a distinct preference for a diet composed of high protein, high fat, and low carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	184-196	solute carrier family 25 member 13	Homo sapiens	0-6
3574319-2	1987	The possible reasons for carbohydrates borne radioactivity incorporation into the proteins V2 and V1 are discussed.	Carbohydrates	25-38	T cell receptor gamma variable 9	Homo sapiens	91-100
3592674-5	1987	Thus, this case represents an example of anti-carbohydrate specificity of an IgM M-protein in association with a spontaneous bleeding disorder.	Carbohydrates	46-58	myomesin 2	Homo sapiens	81-90
34369624-5	2021	Among these, the p53-responsive carbohydrate metabolic genes Tp53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) and Cytochrome C Oxidase assembly protein 2 (SCO2), which are the key regulators of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation respectively, are under direct regulation of TCF19.	Carbohydrates	32-44	TP53 induced glycolysis regulatory phosphatase	Homo sapiens	61-108
2433276-2	1987	We previously demonstrated that an acidic variant (B1) of lysosomal arylsulfatase B from transplanted human lung cancer is phosphorylated on its protein and carbohydrate moieties (Gasa, S., and Makita, A.	Carbohydrates	157-169	arylsulfatase B	Homo sapiens	68-83
3098740-3	1987	Moreover, when cells were labeled with threonine for 5 min and the ASGP-1 isolated by peanut agglutinin precipitation, 3% of the labeled threonine could be converted to 2-aminobutyric acid by alkaline borohydride elimination of the carbohydrate, indicating that at least 3% of the threonines of ASGP-1 are O-glycosylated within 5 min of polypeptide synthesis.	Carbohydrates	232-244	mucin 4, cell surface associated	Rattus norvegicus	67-73
34369624-5	2021	Among these, the p53-responsive carbohydrate metabolic genes Tp53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) and Cytochrome C Oxidase assembly protein 2 (SCO2), which are the key regulators of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation respectively, are under direct regulation of TCF19.	Carbohydrates	32-44	TP53 induced glycolysis regulatory phosphatase	Homo sapiens	110-115
34369624-5	2021	Among these, the p53-responsive carbohydrate metabolic genes Tp53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) and Cytochrome C Oxidase assembly protein 2 (SCO2), which are the key regulators of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation respectively, are under direct regulation of TCF19.	Carbohydrates	32-44	transcription factor 19	Homo sapiens	287-292
34512541-0	2021	Combined Algorithm-Based Adaptations of Insulin Dose and Carbohydrate Intake During Exercise in Children With Type 1 Diabetes: Results From the CAR2DIAB Study.	Carbohydrates	57-69	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 4	Homo sapiens	144-148
3315506-2	1987	Among the carrier molecules of these saccharide structures is the receptor for epidermal growth factor.	Carbohydrates	37-47	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	79-102
3607446-2	1987	We found that: (a) C6 cells express N-CAM-like proteins on the cell surface, (b) the N-CAM-like proteins in C6 cells have apparent molecular weights of 130,000 and 150,000 kDa which are not seen in rodent brain and (c) deglycosylation of C6 N-CAMs suggest that the modifications are both in the carbohydrate and protein parts of the N-CAM.	Carbohydrates	295-307	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	85-90
3607446-2	1987	We found that: (a) C6 cells express N-CAM-like proteins on the cell surface, (b) the N-CAM-like proteins in C6 cells have apparent molecular weights of 130,000 and 150,000 kDa which are not seen in rodent brain and (c) deglycosylation of C6 N-CAMs suggest that the modifications are both in the carbohydrate and protein parts of the N-CAM.	Carbohydrates	295-307	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	85-90
34452565-1	2021	BACKGROUND: The lack of sensitivity and specificity of existing diagnostic markers like Carbohydrate Antigen 15-3(CA15-3) and Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in breast cancer stimulates the search for new biomarkers to improve diagnostic sensitivity especially in differentiating benign and malignant breast tumors.	Carbohydrates	88-100	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	114-120
3297184-0	1987	[Participation of leu-enkephalin in regulating carbohydrate metabolism].	Carbohydrates	47-59	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
3097137-3	1986	Absorption of CMS with cercariae that removed antibodies to schistosomulum surface carbohydrate determinants increased its ability to kill schistosomula in vitro; absorption of VMS with cercariae failed to alter the lethal activity of the serum.	Carbohydrates	83-95	resistance to Coccidioides immitis 1	Mus musculus	14-17
34183369-3	2021	Carbohydrate moieties displayed by mycobacteria can serve as pattern recognition receptor ligands for some members of the C-type lectin receptor (CLR) family, interactions that mediate a variety of incompletely understood immune outcomes.	Carbohydrates	0-12	calcitonin receptor	Mus musculus	146-149
3780752-10	1986	Three carbohydrate groups (two glucosamine-based and one galactosamine-based) were identified, giving a total of eight carbohydrate groups in the longest splice variant of bovine plasma fibronectin.	Carbohydrates	6-18	fibronectin 1	Bos taurus	186-197
3780752-10	1986	Three carbohydrate groups (two glucosamine-based and one galactosamine-based) were identified, giving a total of eight carbohydrate groups in the longest splice variant of bovine plasma fibronectin.	Carbohydrates	119-131	fibronectin 1	Bos taurus	186-197
3816803-5	1987	This carbohydrate structure provides strong evidence that colligin is a component of the endoplasmic reticulum, and argues against a role in cell-surface interactions.	Carbohydrates	5-17	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade H, member 1	Mus musculus	58-66
3458261-1	1986	Purified fractions of the neural cell-adhesion molecule N-CAM from embryonic chicken brain contain two similar polypeptides (Mr, 160,000 and 130,000), each containing an amino-terminal external binding region, a carbohydrate-rich central region, and a carboxyl-terminal region that is associated with the cell.	Carbohydrates	212-224	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Gallus gallus	56-61
34467311-3	2021	Here, we investigate this question by introducing minor changes in ligand structure and characterizing the effects of these on ligand affinity to the carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-3, using a combination of isothermal titration calorimetry, X-ray crystallography, NMR relaxation, and computational approaches including molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and grid inhomogeneous solvation theory (GIST).	Carbohydrates	150-162	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	185-195
3458261-3	1986	We report here the 3556-nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone (pEC208) that encodes 964 amino acids from the carbohydrate and cell-associated domains of the larger N-CAM polypeptide followed by 664 nucleotides of 3" untranslated sequence.	Carbohydrates	107-119	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Gallus gallus	162-167
2421999-0	1986	[Characteristics of the carbohydrate structure of alpha 2-macroglobulin in stomach cancer].	Carbohydrates	24-36	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Homo sapiens	50-71
3545651-0	1987	Lipoprotein lipase activity and intramuscular triglyceride stores after long-term high-fat and high-carbohydrate diets in physically trained men.	Carbohydrates	100-112	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	0-18
2431057-0	1987	Interaction of IgG3 anti-streptococcal group A carbohydrate (GAC) antibody with streptococcal group A vaccine: enhancing and inhibiting effects of anti-GAC, anti-isotypic, and anti-idiotypic antibodies.	Carbohydrates	47-59	immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 3 (G3m marker)	Homo sapiens	15-19
2421999-5	1986	The data suggest the existence of an abnormal carbohydrate structure of alpha 2M in gastric carcinoma patients.	Carbohydrates	46-58	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Homo sapiens	72-80
34289004-6	2021	The T/T genotype of the UCP2 gene was associated with higher levels of glycated hemoglobin, pre- and postprandial glycemia and lipid oxidation rate, lower carbohydrate oxidation, and lower serum vitamin C levels.	Carbohydrates	155-167	uncoupling protein 2	Homo sapiens	24-28
34719140-8	2021	Increased expression of Fasn (fatty acid synthase) in rats treated with high-fat high-carbohydrate diet (HFCD) decreased under RC intake.	Carbohydrates	86-98	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	24-28
2932444-1	1985	The carbohydrate structures of acid phosphatase and alpha-glucosidase secreted into culture medium by Tetrahymena pyriformis strain W were studied.	Carbohydrates	4-16	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	52-69
2430667-1	1986	L2 monoclonal antibodies and HNK-1 have been shown to bind to related carbohydrate determinants in the myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and several adhesion molecules of the nervous system including neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM), L1 and J1.	Carbohydrates	70-82	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	203-232
2430667-1	1986	L2 monoclonal antibodies and HNK-1 have been shown to bind to related carbohydrate determinants in the myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and several adhesion molecules of the nervous system including neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM), L1 and J1.	Carbohydrates	70-82	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	234-239
2430667-4	1986	In addition, monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies raised to human MAG are shown to cross react with bovine N-CAM due to the presence of common carbohydrate constituents.	Carbohydrates	143-155	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	107-112
3818560-3	1986	Compositional analysis showed that GPIV contains large amounts of acidic and hydroxy amino acids, but only very small amounts of cystine and methionine, and 28.1% (w/w) carbohydrate consisting of galactose, glucosamine, and sialic acid as the principal sugars with smaller amounts of fucose, mannose, and galactosamine.	Carbohydrates	169-181	CD36 molecule	Homo sapiens	35-39
2415138-0	1985	Carbohydrate-containing derivatives of the trypsin-kallikrein inhibitor aprotinin from bovine organs.	Carbohydrates	0-12	pancreatic trypsin inhibitor	Bos taurus	72-81
34719140-8	2021	Increased expression of Fasn (fatty acid synthase) in rats treated with high-fat high-carbohydrate diet (HFCD) decreased under RC intake.	Carbohydrates	86-98	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	30-49
35576534-0	2022	Effect of Preoperative Oral Carbohydrates on Insulin Resistance in Older Adults Who Underwent Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Randomized Trial.	Carbohydrates	28-41	hedgehog interacting protein	Homo sapiens	100-103
2409452-1	1985	The neural cell adhesion molecules L1 and N-CAM share a common carbohydrate epitope that is recognized by the monoclonal antibodies L2 and HNK-1.	Carbohydrates	63-75	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	42-47
35503380-5	2022	Multiple domains, short linear motifs and post-translational modifications confer and modulate nucleolin ability to interact with nucleic acids, with proteins, but also with carbohydrates and lipids.	Carbohydrates	174-187	nucleolin	Homo sapiens	95-104
4044293-9	1985	These findings indicate that an "ordinary" intake of refined carbohydrates has an inhibitory effect on the muscle LPL activity, thereby increasing the VLDL level and slightly decreasing the level of high-density lipoproteins, which may be of relevance for the atherosclerotic process.	Carbohydrates	61-74	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	114-117
3743657-2	1986	Only 15% of the biologic activity of the complex carbohydrates derived from human skin fibroblasts was expressed when the heparin-binding domain an antithrombin was chemically modified at the Trp 49 residue.	Carbohydrates	49-62	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	148-160
35625744-3	2022	The greatest differences in the carbohydrate metabolism compared to adjacent noncancerous tissues were identified in the tumor tissue: reduction in the levels of lactate and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta.	Carbohydrates	32-44	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	174-204
4019316-2	1985	The FAB mass spectra of glycopeptides weighing up to 2,100 daltons exhibit intense molecular ions and fragment ions from which information concerning carbohydrate composition and sequence are readily obtained.	Carbohydrates	150-162	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	4-7
35625744-6	2022	Bioinformatic analysis of the interactions of immunohistochemical markers of gliomas and carbohydrate metabolism enzymes using the databases of STRING, BioGrid, and Signor revealed the presence of biologically significant interactions with glycogen synthase kinase 3beta, hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and transketolase.	Carbohydrates	89-101	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	240-270
3886457-0	1985	Insulin-like action of proinsulin on rat liver carbohydrate metabolism in vitro.	Carbohydrates	47-59	insulin	Bos taurus	0-7
35247678-1	2022	Insulin is a peptide hormone that is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas and is essential to the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the body.	Carbohydrates	118-131	insulin	Callithrix jacchus	0-7
3838249-0	1985	Reactivity with lectins of the saccharide components of rhodopsin in reconstituted membranes.	Carbohydrates	31-41	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	56-65
3007627-7	1986	The C1q contains hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine, a high percentage of glycine and approximately 7% carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	98-110	complement C1q A chain	Homo sapiens	4-7
3520541-3	1986	Some mechanisms of the enkephalin effect on the hormonal regulation of carbohydrate metabolism are discussed.	Carbohydrates	71-83	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
3838249-3	1985	As part of the characterization of this preparation, the surface orientation of the carbohydrates of rhodopsin, assembled from purified bovine rhodopsin and egg phosphatidylcholine was examined, and is the topic of this report.	Carbohydrates	84-97	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	101-110
35348180-1	2022	Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) modulates the expression of genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate homeostasis and inflammatory processes.	Carbohydrates	83-95	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4	Homo sapiens	0-20
3838249-3	1985	As part of the characterization of this preparation, the surface orientation of the carbohydrates of rhodopsin, assembled from purified bovine rhodopsin and egg phosphatidylcholine was examined, and is the topic of this report.	Carbohydrates	84-97	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	143-152
3965464-0	1985	Isolation and characterization of an antithrombin III variant with reduced carbohydrate content and enhanced heparin binding.	Carbohydrates	75-87	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	37-53
2418827-7	1986	Thus, a size of approximately 160,000 for the protein moiety and 20,000 for the carbohydrate portion can be estimated for a subunit of alpha 2-macroglobulin from human lung fibroblasts.	Carbohydrates	80-92	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Homo sapiens	135-156
35348180-1	2022	Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) modulates the expression of genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate homeostasis and inflammatory processes.	Carbohydrates	83-95	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4	Homo sapiens	22-25
2934214-8	1985	The carbohydrate contents varied from about 10% for osteonectin to 38% for BSP.	Carbohydrates	4-16	secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich	Bos taurus	52-63
35333651-1	2022	SignificanceTirzepatide is a dual agonist of the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) and the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), which are incretin receptors that regulate carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	204-216	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	118-150
2415169-8	1985	These studies show that the increase in adult antigen levels and sialation of antithrombin III occurs rapidly after hatchling, suggesting developmental changes in expression at the transcriptional and translational levels in addition to post-translational carbohydrate processing.	Carbohydrates	256-268	antithrombin III	Gallus gallus	78-94
35333651-1	2022	SignificanceTirzepatide is a dual agonist of the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) and the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), which are incretin receptors that regulate carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	204-216	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	152-158
6386828-0	1984	Mapping of three carbohydrate attachment sites in embryonic and adult forms of the neural cell adhesion molecule.	Carbohydrates	17-29	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	83-112
35447766-10	2022	Taken together, CCHamide-2 signaling in G. bimaculatus regulates food intake associated with alterations in lipid and carbohydrate levels in hemolymph.	Carbohydrates	118-130	CCHamide-2	Drosophila melanogaster	16-26
6386828-1	1984	The sialic-rich carbohydrate moiety of the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) undergoes major structural changes during development and plays a significant role in altering the homophilic binding of the molecule.	Carbohydrates	16-28	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	43-72
6386828-1	1984	The sialic-rich carbohydrate moiety of the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) undergoes major structural changes during development and plays a significant role in altering the homophilic binding of the molecule.	Carbohydrates	16-28	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	74-79
6480799-11	1984	Carbohydrate affinity chromatography (Concanavalin A-agarose) of smaller forms of IR-hNT revealed weak affinity to the lectin, which suggests loss of the carbohydrate moiety during renal excretion.	Carbohydrates	0-12	neurotrimin	Homo sapiens	85-88
6480799-11	1984	Carbohydrate affinity chromatography (Concanavalin A-agarose) of smaller forms of IR-hNT revealed weak affinity to the lectin, which suggests loss of the carbohydrate moiety during renal excretion.	Carbohydrates	154-166	neurotrimin	Homo sapiens	85-88
3934360-1	1985	To characterize the mechanisms leading to dietary evoked increases of lactase and sucrase activities by carbohydrates, we performed a quantitative comparison of the effects of lactose and sucrose on the corresponding disaccharidases in the jejunum of 2-month-old rats.	Carbohydrates	104-117	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	70-77
3003212-3	1985	PNA is highly specific for the terminal carbohydrate linkage Gal beta-(1----3)-Gal NAc which is only exposed to hCG when the O-serine linked oligosaccharide of its unique beta-CTP region is deficient in sialic acid.	Carbohydrates	40-52	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	83-86
35399820-5	2021	Results: Use the cut-off value (3.433) of LMR, the logistic regression analysis revealed that high carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), killer T cell level, and low lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR) level were significantly associated with BC distant metastasis.	Carbohydrates	99-111	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	125-130
2864406-3	1985	In addition, hepatic GGTP levels varied inversely with dietary carbohydrate content.	Carbohydrates	63-75	gamma-glutamyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	21-25
6152662-1	1984	The human Thy-1 homologue (p25) was characterized biochemically for amino acid composition, sequence and carbohydrate content.	Carbohydrates	105-117	Thy-1 cell surface antigen	Homo sapiens	10-15
2864406-4	1985	These findings suggest that factors other than a mere increase of liver GGTP may be responsible for the elevated serum levels of this enzyme seen after chronic ethanol consumption and that dietary carbohydrate levels influence hepatic GGTP levels.	Carbohydrates	197-209	gamma-glutamyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	235-239
35269646-8	2022	Selenium-containing carbohydrate inhibitors of hGal-3 showing canonical binding modes offer the potential of becoming novel hydrolytically stable scaffolds for a new class of hGal-3 inhibitors.	Carbohydrates	20-32	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	47-53
6432920-1	1984	Multiple forms of tyrosinase, T1, T2, T3, have been shown to differ with respect to carbohydrate moieties of these isozymes.	Carbohydrates	84-96	tyrosinase	Mus musculus	18-28
3925007-4	1985	carbohydrates susceptible to degradation by endo-beta-galactosidase, lactosaminoglycans.	Carbohydrates	0-13	galactosidase, beta 1	Mus musculus	49-67
35222028-2	2022	To exhibit toxic effects on mammalian cells, proteolytically activated C2II (C2IIa) forms barrel-shaped heptamers that bind to carbohydrate receptors which are present on all mammalian cell types.	Carbohydrates	127-139	endogenous retrovirus group K member 24	Homo sapiens	77-82
3934006-4	1985	RCA-I is also specific for the terminal carbohydrate beta-D-Galp., especially the linkage of Gal beta-(1----4)-GlcNAc, which is exposed in hCG when the N-asparagine linked oligosaccharide of its alpha and beta subunits are desialylated.	Carbohydrates	40-52	galanin like peptide	Homo sapiens	60-64
6592588-1	1984	A linear model of the liver cell adhesion molecule L-CAM from embryonic chickens is proposed in terms of its orientation on the cell surface, the number, type, and distribution of carbohydrate moieties, and sites of phosphorylation.	Carbohydrates	180-192	cadherin 1	Gallus gallus	51-56
35159120-9	2022	The combined measurement of IL-7R and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) significantly improved the diagnostic parameters and AUROC compared with the use of IL-7R or CA19-9 alone.	Carbohydrates	38-50	interleukin 7 receptor	Homo sapiens	157-162
6207095-0	1984	Carbohydrate-containing derivatives of the trypsin-kallikrein inhibitor aprotinin from bovine organs.	Carbohydrates	0-12	pancreatic trypsin inhibitor	Bos taurus	72-81
4035646-0	1985	The role of the carbohydrate moiety for the inhibitory activity of antithrombin III.	Carbohydrates	16-28	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	67-83
3928796-8	1985	On the assumption that recompaction and de novo compaction occur by similar mechanisms, we propose that carbohydrate-binding molecules are involved which have high affinities for poly-N-acetyllactosamine structures and protect them from digestion by endo-beta-galactosidase.	Carbohydrates	104-116	galactosidase, beta 1	Mus musculus	255-273
35149422-1	2022	Metal complexes that contain carbohydrate-substituent (Carb-) N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) ligand have demonstrated great success as catalysts for organic synthesis reactions.	Carbohydrates	29-41	syntaxin 8	Homo sapiens	55-59
3888274-1	1985	The molecular basis for charge heterogeneity in human hepatic alpha-glucosidase (alpha-D-glucoside glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.20) was determined by analysis of the carbohydrate and polypeptide components of the enzyme.	Carbohydrates	162-174	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	62-79
6195967-10	1983	The cyanogen bromide fragment containing the galactosamine-containing carbohydrate in Gc1 was partially sequenced through 20 residues from the amino terminus.	Carbohydrates	70-82	solute carrier family 25 member 22	Homo sapiens	86-89
35163521-4	2022	High-fat and high-carbohydrate diets increase plasma 5-HT and fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) levels.	Carbohydrates	18-30	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	62-89
6619854-3	1983	The released complex carbohydrates include chromogranins, dopamine beta-hydroxylase, and two chondroitin sulfate/heparan sulfate proteoglycan fractions, which together account for 7.4% of the soluble cell radioactivity.	Carbohydrates	21-34	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	58-83
35163521-4	2022	High-fat and high-carbohydrate diets increase plasma 5-HT and fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) levels.	Carbohydrates	18-30	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	91-96
6409810-1	1983	The influence of D-alanine and carbohydrate substitution of lipoteichoic acids (LTAs) on the binding of antibody directed to the polyglycerol phosphate (PGP) portion was found to be at least partially dependent upon the mode of presentation of the antigen.	Carbohydrates	31-43	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	153-156
3858579-3	1985	This lesion in carbohydrate structure has been shown to contribute to the more adhesive behavior of MDW4 cells on laminin, fibronectin, and type IV collagen and to the increased sensitivity of MDW4 to natural killer (NK) cell lysis in vitro.	Carbohydrates	15-27	fibronectin 1	Mus musculus	123-134
35360887-1	2022	The Pdx1 enzyme catalyses condensation of two carbohydrates and ammonia to form pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP) via an imine relay mechanism of carbonyl intermediates.	Carbohydrates	46-59	pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	4-8
2582343-0	1985	Comparison of the carbohydrate composition of alpha 2-macroglobulin from patients with cystic fibrosis and normal controls.	Carbohydrates	18-30	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Homo sapiens	46-67
2582343-2	1985	Previous reports have indicated that there are alterations in the carbohydrate moieties of alpha 2M in the disease.	Carbohydrates	66-78	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Homo sapiens	91-99
2582343-3	1985	In the present study the carbohydrate composition of alpha 2M isolated from the plasma of six patients with CF was compared to that of alpha 2M from six age- and sex-matched normal controls.	Carbohydrates	25-37	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Homo sapiens	53-61
2582343-4	1985	The carbohydrate composition of CF alpha 2M expressed as mean mumol carbohydrate +/- SD per 100 mg protein was: fucose 0.70 +/- 0.12; mannose 14.07 +/- 1.31; galactose 6.72 +/- 0.65; glucosamine 15.38 +/- 1.59; sialic acid 5.52 +/- 0.33 while that of normal control alpha 2M was: fucose 0.69 +/- 0.11; mannose 14.42 +/- 1.21; galactose 6.91 +/- 0.52; glucosamine 16.13 +/- 1.77; sialic acid 5.58 +/- 0.31.	Carbohydrates	4-16	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Homo sapiens	35-43
3859057-1	1985	Lysosomal arylsulfatase B of human leukocytes consisted of two forms; a basic form (B) and a variant form (B1) which is phosphorylated at the carbohydrate chains of the B form (Uehara, Y., Gasa, S., Makita, A., Sakurada, K., and Miyazaki, T. (1983) Cancer Res.	Carbohydrates	142-154	arylsulfatase B	Homo sapiens	10-25
3973018-8	1985	Kinetic and biochemical analyses established that gp130 is a precursor that differs in its carbohydrate moiety from gp150, the mature form of the glycoprotein detected on the cell surface.	Carbohydrates	91-103	interleukin 6 cytokine family signal transducer	Homo sapiens	50-55
3965464-5	1985	Carbohydrate determination revealed the sole detectable structural difference in the two antithrombins: levels of hexosamine, neutral sugars, and sialic acid in AT-III beta were all 25-30% less than in AT-III alpha.	Carbohydrates	0-12	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	161-167
3965464-8	1985	Thus, antithrombin III exists as two molecular entities in human plasma which differ both structurally, in carbohydrate content, and functionally, in their heparin-binding behavior.	Carbohydrates	107-119	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	6-22
3896162-4	1985	It has an electrophoretic mobility in between the alpha 1- and alpha 2-globulins, an isoelectric point of 4.85 and a sedimentation coefficient of 3.3 S. The carbohydrate content of PP4 amounts to 2.4%.	Carbohydrates	157-169	protein phosphatase 4 catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	181-184
2981744-1	1985	Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) acts within the central nervous system to modify the activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, cardiovascular function, endocrine-pancreatic function, and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	215-227	corticotropin releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	0-30
6205678-6	1984	This antibody reacted strongly with 3-fuc-NAc lactosamine when tested with a panel of synthetic carbohydrate structures.	Carbohydrates	96-108	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	42-45
6203905-6	1984	CB2 contains two glucosamine-based carbohydrate groups attached to Asn-23 and Asn-38, and one internal disulfide bridge connecting Cys-16 with Cys-54.	Carbohydrates	35-47	cannabinoid receptor 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
6547574-2	1984	The related 2- furoylhydrazine ( FAH ) reacts at lower alkali concentrations, making this an attractive alternative carbohydrate reagent since it is (unlike PAHBAH ) freely water soluble.	Carbohydrates	116-128	fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase	Homo sapiens	33-36
6323244-3	1984	We split P31 with cyanogen bromide and obtained a polypeptide of approximately 8000 daltons (P8) that contained carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	112-124	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 8	Homo sapiens	9-12
6324343-1	1984	Human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells in culture produce a soluble 105-kilodalton protein which, by the criteria of epidermal growth factor (EGF) binding, recognition by monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to the EGF receptor, amino-terminal sequence analysis and carbohydrate content, is related to the cell surface domain of the EGF receptor.	Carbohydrates	265-277	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	214-217
6698998-1	1984	The structure of carbohydrate chains of human gastric mucin was investigated.	Carbohydrates	17-29	mucin 5AC, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	46-59
6696918-1	1984	Derivatives of human thrombin and antithrombin III with fluorescent labels covalently attached to their carbohydrate moieties were prepared by reaction of periodate-oxidized proteins with amino derivatives of dansyl, fluorescein and pyrene.	Carbohydrates	104-116	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	34-50
30921923-0	1984	Comparative Effect of Concentration of Carbohydrate and Salt on Detection of Thermonuclease and Coagulase in Pathogenic Strains of Staphylococcus aureus.	Carbohydrates	39-51	AT695_RS02730	Staphylococcus aureus	96-105
6713828-1	1984	In rat, hamster, guinea-pig, pig, kid, and calf liver, starvation or carbohydrate starvation increased cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity without changing the mitochondrial activity whereas in chick liver, starvation did not alter the activity in both fractions.	Carbohydrates	69-81	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Gallus gallus	103-146
6417136-4	1983	Lactoperoxidase and non-heme lactoperoxidase contained a similar amount of carbohydrate and gave very similar peptide maps after limited proteolysis by subtilisin or trypsin.	Carbohydrates	75-87	lactoperoxidase	Bos taurus	0-15
6417136-4	1983	Lactoperoxidase and non-heme lactoperoxidase contained a similar amount of carbohydrate and gave very similar peptide maps after limited proteolysis by subtilisin or trypsin.	Carbohydrates	75-87	lactoperoxidase	Bos taurus	29-44
6412685-6	1983	Because of the ease of purification of the enzyme and high yield in the absence of contaminating glycosidases and proteinases, Bacteroides fragilis is a valuable source of endo-beta-galactosidase for the structural analysis of carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	227-239	galactosidase beta 1	Bos taurus	177-195
6883304-5	1983	The mice fed the low fat diets containing either low milk protein (high carbohydrate) or high fish protein generally exhibited the lowest tumor incidence and highest percent survival.	Carbohydrates	72-84	casein alpha s2-like A	Mus musculus	53-65
6344077-5	1983	Immunoprecipitation of N-CAM from 9-day brain cells treated with tunicamycin yielded corresponding components of Mr 130,000 and 160,000, suggesting that the differences between these two components of N-CAM are in the polypeptide rather than the carbohydrate portions of the molecules.	Carbohydrates	246-258	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	23-28
6190408-8	1983	At constant casein but restricted carbohydrate intake, pregnant females exhibited a reduction in ODC stimulation.	Carbohydrates	34-46	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
6850678-5	1983	These results indicate that the intraspecies variability of intestinal-mucin carbohydrates arises from the interdependent addition of galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, fucose, and sulfate residues.	Carbohydrates	77-90	mucin 3A, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	60-76
6870992-0	1983	Serum lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activities of cynomolgus monkeys fed different carbohydrate diets.	Carbohydrates	90-102	phosphatidylcholine-sterol acyltransferase	Macaca fascicularis	6-42
6870992-8	1983	The differential effect of starch and sucrose diets on LCAT activity suggests that the nature of dietary carbohydrates may affect LCAT activity in association with triglyceride metabolism by altering the amount of enzyme in terms of its activity and/or the nature of substrate and cholesterol ester acceptor lipoproteins.	Carbohydrates	105-118	phosphatidylcholine-sterol acyltransferase	Macaca fascicularis	55-59
6870992-8	1983	The differential effect of starch and sucrose diets on LCAT activity suggests that the nature of dietary carbohydrates may affect LCAT activity in association with triglyceride metabolism by altering the amount of enzyme in terms of its activity and/or the nature of substrate and cholesterol ester acceptor lipoproteins.	Carbohydrates	105-118	phosphatidylcholine-sterol acyltransferase	Macaca fascicularis	130-134
6404553-0	1983	13C-n.m.r.-spectral study of galactosyltransferase specificity with regard to the carbohydrate side-chain of native ovalbumin.	Carbohydrates	82-94	N-acetyllactosaminide alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase	Bos taurus	29-50
6840700-5	1983	The carbohydrate composition of the ceruloplasmin fractions was analysed.	Carbohydrates	4-16	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	36-49
6840700-6	1983	It is suggested that fucose might be a determinant for the microheterogeneity in the carbohydrate chains of ceruloplasmin.	Carbohydrates	85-97	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	108-121
6881992-6	1983	The carbohydrate composition and amino acid content of both CEA and AG have a significant similarity.	Carbohydrates	4-16	pregnancy specific beta-1-glycoprotein 2	Homo sapiens	60-63
6130084-0	1983	Structural studies of the carbohydrate moieties of rat kidney gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase.	Carbohydrates	26-38	gamma-glutamyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	62-90
6422825-6	1983	GST-A and o-GT differ from fetal enzymes such as those of carbohydrate metabolism in that they are inducible in the short-term by drugs, including carcinogens, and they show the highest activities in HNs, and so they may be considered as hepatic preneoplastic (PN) antigens.	Carbohydrates	58-70	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
6831485-5	1983	These results indicate that the other carbohydrate residues of the tetrasaccharide may be involved in the binding of Gd3+, producing a stronger metal-ion-binding effect.	Carbohydrates	38-50	GRDX	Homo sapiens	117-120
6140161-1	1983	Some authors have suggested that carbohydrates can induce hepatic microsomal enzymes, resulting in increased serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in diabetes mellitus.	Carbohydrates	33-46	gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3	Homo sapiens	115-140
6140161-1	1983	Some authors have suggested that carbohydrates can induce hepatic microsomal enzymes, resulting in increased serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in diabetes mellitus.	Carbohydrates	33-46	gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3	Homo sapiens	142-145
6658811-2	1983	The electrophoretically and chromatographically detectable heterogeneity of phospholipase A2 results from absence of carbohydrate in a subfraction.	Carbohydrates	117-129	phospholipase A2	Apis mellifera	76-92
6129975-8	1982	Carbohydrate compositions showed that the OX 2 antigens were highly glycosylated, with brain OX 2 antigen containing 24% and thymocyte OX 2 antigen 33% by weight of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	0-12	OX-2 membrane glycoprotein	Oryctolagus cuniculus	42-46
6129975-8	1982	Carbohydrate compositions showed that the OX 2 antigens were highly glycosylated, with brain OX 2 antigen containing 24% and thymocyte OX 2 antigen 33% by weight of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	165-177	OX-2 membrane glycoprotein	Oryctolagus cuniculus	42-46
6129975-9	1982	Both OX 2 antigens contained carbohydrate residues typical of structures N-linked to asparagine but lacked galactosamine, indicating the absence of O-linked structures.	Carbohydrates	29-41	OX-2 membrane glycoprotein	Oryctolagus cuniculus	5-9
6129975-12	1982	The OX 2 antigens showed many similarities to Thy-1 antigens in their odd patterns of distribution, characteristic migration on polyacrylamide gels in sodium dodecyl sulphate, and carbohydrate compositions.	Carbohydrates	180-192	OX-2 membrane glycoprotein	Oryctolagus cuniculus	4-8
6187335-1	1982	The level of amylase activity in larvae and adults of Drosophila melanogaster is dependent on the dietary carbohydrate source; flies or larvae from a food medium containing starch show higher levels of activity than individuals from a food containing simple sugars.	Carbohydrates	106-118	Amylase proximal	Drosophila melanogaster	13-20
6762479-4	1982	L PK fluorescence is maximal after a carbohydrate-rich diet.	Carbohydrates	37-49	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
6982897-6	1982	Whereas the parent molecule bound concanavalin A, the product did not, indicating that heterogeneity in the saccharide component could explain the observed variation in the molecular weight of CSF-1.	Carbohydrates	108-118	colony stimulating factor 1	Homo sapiens	193-198
6982897-10	1982	Treatment of native CSF-1 with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase D was almost as efficient in removing carbohydrate as in the case of the reduced and alkylated subunits.	Carbohydrates	103-115	colony stimulating factor 1	Homo sapiens	20-25
7130176-4	1982	The carbohydrate structure, established by enzymatic degradation and methylation analysis with mass spectrometry, is identical with that of brain GD3 ganglioside, but its ceramide is characterized by a predominance of longer chain fatty acids, in contrast to brain GD3 that has mainly C18:0 fatty acid.	Carbohydrates	4-16	GRDX	Homo sapiens	265-268
6754880-10	1982	These findings are indicative that lectin-binding sites, carbohydrate in nature, are present on the surface of isolated LHRH granules.	Carbohydrates	57-69	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Rattus norvegicus	120-124
7157740-3	1982	It was established that after the trial breakfast (35 g protein, 50 g fat, and 70 g carbohydrate) the greatest increment in the gastrin content, as compared to normal, was recorded in increased acid-forming gastric function (peptic ulcer with ulcer site in the duodenum).	Carbohydrates	84-96	gastrin	Homo sapiens	128-135
6982284-5	1982	By this combination of purification steps maximal advantage was taken of the cationic properties and high carbohydrate content of the C1q molecule.	Carbohydrates	106-118	complement C1q A chain	Homo sapiens	134-137
6752638-9	1982	It is suggested that the increased insulin concentrations during a short-term, carbohydrate-rich diet may have a down-regulating effect on muscle LPL activity.	Carbohydrates	79-91	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	146-149
6291936-1	1982	The proton-magnetic-resonance spectra of three partial structures of the carbohydrate-protein linkage region that frequently occurs in proteoglycans, namely, beta-D-Galp-(1 leads to 3)-beta-D-Galp-(1 leads to 4)-beta-D-Xylp-(1 leads to O)-L-Ser, were recorded in 2H2O at 500 MHz; they could be completely interpreted, both for the glyco-serines and for the corresponding glyco-xylitols.	Carbohydrates	73-85	galanin like peptide	Homo sapiens	165-169
6291936-1	1982	The proton-magnetic-resonance spectra of three partial structures of the carbohydrate-protein linkage region that frequently occurs in proteoglycans, namely, beta-D-Galp-(1 leads to 3)-beta-D-Galp-(1 leads to 4)-beta-D-Xylp-(1 leads to O)-L-Ser, were recorded in 2H2O at 500 MHz; they could be completely interpreted, both for the glyco-serines and for the corresponding glyco-xylitols.	Carbohydrates	73-85	galanin like peptide	Homo sapiens	192-196
7130856-6	1982	Isocaloric changes in dietary carbohydrate and fat cause significant alterations in plasma levels of VLDL and HDL 2, the two major lipoproteins that transport apoC-III and apoC-II.	Carbohydrates	30-42	apolipoprotein C3	Homo sapiens	159-167
7048734-1	1982	Treatment with sodium metaperiodate caused oxidation of carbohydrate residues in acid alpha-glucosidase (gamma-amylase).	Carbohydrates	56-68	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	86-103
7058895-3	1982	When the fat content of the high-carbohydrate diet was raised to equal that of the high-protein diet, the two diets produced the same degree of hyperemia.	Carbohydrates	33-45	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Canis lupus familiaris	9-12
6833281-2	1983	The antibodies secreted by these lines were specific for the Lewis a antigen of the human Lewis blood group system as determined by solid phase immunoassay using synthetic carbohydrate antigens and by plate binding assay and thin layer chromatography-autoradiography using natural glycolipid antigens.	Carbohydrates	172-184	fucosyltransferase 3 (Lewis blood group)	Homo sapiens	90-107
6130793-2	1983	Aminopeptidase N (EC 3.4.11.2), which contains 20% carbohydrate by weight, was bound minimally (less than 30%) by columns of Con A-, RCAI- and WGA-Sepharose.	Carbohydrates	51-63	alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane	Rattus norvegicus	0-16
2515604-1	1989	The elimination of native and carbohydrate-modified tissue type plasminogen activator (t-PA) after an i.v.	Carbohydrates	30-42	tissue-type plasminogen activator	Oryctolagus cuniculus	52-85
7045125-1	1982	To determine how the carbohydrate moiety of fibronectin influences the susceptibility of protein to proteolytic degradation, we compared the effects of various proteases on glycosylated and nonglycosylated fibronectins.	Carbohydrates	21-33	fibronectin 1	Gallus gallus	44-55
7045125-6	1982	We conclude that the carbohydrate component of fibronectin plays an important role in the stabilization of a specific domain of the protein against proteolytic degradation; however, the carbohydrate does not alter overall proteolytic specificity.	Carbohydrates	21-33	fibronectin 1	Gallus gallus	47-58
7045125-6	1982	We conclude that the carbohydrate component of fibronectin plays an important role in the stabilization of a specific domain of the protein against proteolytic degradation; however, the carbohydrate does not alter overall proteolytic specificity.	Carbohydrates	186-198	fibronectin 1	Gallus gallus	47-58
7085646-2	1982	N-CAM has an unusual carbohydrate content and structure, is polydisperse in solution, and is associated with proteolytic activity leading to its spontaneous cleavage.	Carbohydrates	21-33	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Gallus gallus	0-5
7085646-3	1982	The carbohydrate composition of N-CAM includes 13 mol of sialic acid but only 1.4 mol of galactose/100 mol of amino acids, suggesting the presence of a sialic acid to protein linkage not previously observed in higher organisms.	Carbohydrates	4-16	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Gallus gallus	32-37
6277894-8	1982	The proposed structure, Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-6(Gal beta 1-3)GalNAcol, has previously been found in human gastric, submaxillary, and ovarian cyst mucins in their carbohydrate-to-protein linkage regions.	Carbohydrates	166-178	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 beta 2 pseudogene 2	Homo sapiens	56-64
6821155-6	1982	However, one of the two processed forms migrated more slowly than pre-alpha-lactalbumin on SDS polyacrylamide gels and this was related to the occurrence of carbohydrates: only the "slower moving" polypeptide was specifically adsorbed on concanavalin A Sepharose and its electrophoretic mobility was enhanced after treatment with endoglycosidase H, an enzyme known to remove clustered mannosyl residues linked to di-N-acetylchitobiose.	Carbohydrates	157-170	alpha-lactalbumin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	70-87
7098866-0	1982	Structural analysis of carbohydrate moiety of bovine rhodopsin.	Carbohydrates	23-35	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	53-62
6167582-4	1981	The C4a anaphylatoxin is a cationic polypeptide of Mr = 9000 composed of 77 residues and devoid of histidine, tryptophan, and carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	126-138	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	4-7
7263622-6	1981	Here we present data showing that the asparagine-linked carbohydrate moiety of soybean agglutinin is homogeneous and possesses the following structure: (formula, see text) This conclusion is based on high resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy at 500 MHz of the isolated glycopeptide, and at 360 MHz of the oligosaccharide Man9GlcNAc obtained after digestion of the crude soybean agglutinin glycopeptide by endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H. The revised structure is identical in all respects with that of the high mannose N-glycosidic units of porcine thyroglobulin, of bovine lactotransferrin, and of the glycoprotein from Chinese hamster ovary cell membranes.	Carbohydrates	56-68	lactotransferrin	Bos taurus	572-588
7325969-0	1981	Partial characterization of the carbohydrate units of rat intestinal sucrase--isomaltase.	Carbohydrates	32-44	sucrase-isomaltase	Rattus norvegicus	69-88
7285899-1	1981	Human pancreatic carboxyl-ester hydrolase is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 100 000 and a high content in carbohydrate, 20%.	Carbohydrates	117-129	carboxyl ester lipase	Homo sapiens	17-41
6972252-14	1981	Furthermore, the results suggest that the D-factor produced by L-cells is also a glycoprotein and that, although carbohydrate is not essential for production or activity of the D-factor, it contributes to stabilizing the protein portion of D-factor.	Carbohydrates	113-125	leukemia inhibitory factor	Mus musculus	42-50
6787180-6	1981	Rats fed the high carbohydrate diets exhibited a significant increase in activity (specific and total per segment) of lactase in all three intestinal segments compared to rats fed the low carbohydrate diets.	Carbohydrates	18-30	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	118-125
6787180-6	1981	Rats fed the high carbohydrate diets exhibited a significant increase in activity (specific and total per segment) of lactase in all three intestinal segments compared to rats fed the low carbohydrate diets.	Carbohydrates	188-200	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	118-125
7023505-0	1981	[Effect of insulin on carbohydrate metabolism in the catfish (Ictalurus melas).	Carbohydrates	22-34	insulin	Bos taurus	11-18
6262205-7	1981	Glucose-6-Phosphatase an enzyme of the liver carbohydrate metabolism, which is known to be activated by a single T3 injection after the protein synthesis enhancement in rats, has a lag time of 14 hours, which occurs later than the depletion in glycogen levels.	Carbohydrates	45-57	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-21
6268363-0	1981	Formation and utilization of PEP in microbial carbohydrate transport.	Carbohydrates	46-58	progestagen associated endometrial protein	Homo sapiens	29-32
6970196-6	1980	C1q contained hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine, a high percentage of glycine and approximately 9% carbohydrate and 14.8% nitrogen.	Carbohydrates	95-107	complement C1q A chain	Homo sapiens	0-3
7248356-0	1980	[Carbohydrate composition of wall-eyed pollock rhodopsin].	Carbohydrates	1-13	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	47-56
7248356-1	1980	Using gas-liquid and column chromatography, the carbohydrate composition of the visual protein rhodopsin from wall-eyed pollock purified by SDS-electrophoresis was studied.	Carbohydrates	48-60	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	95-104
7372626-4	1980	As a result of these studies, the following structures is proposed for the carbohydrate chains in human antithrombin III: (formula: see text).	Carbohydrates	75-87	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	104-120
118968-7	1979	The total carbohydrate contents were 17, 16, 14, and 15% for human, porcine, rabbit, and rat antithrombin III, respectively.	Carbohydrates	10-22	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	93-109
291008-0	1979	Role of carbohydrate in biological function of the adhesive glycoprotein fibronectin.	Carbohydrates	8-20	fibronectin 1	Gallus gallus	73-84
291008-1	1979	We have investigated the role of the carbohydrate moiety in the biological activity of fibronectin in vitro by using tunicamycin to inhibit the glycosylation of this glycoprotein.	Carbohydrates	37-49	fibronectin 1	Gallus gallus	87-98
291008-9	1979	We conclude that the carbohydrate moiety of fibronectin is not required for the mediation of a number of biological activities characteristic of this glycoprotein.	Carbohydrates	21-33	fibronectin 1	Gallus gallus	44-55
456892-0	1979	Effect of aging on brain respiration and carbohydrate metabolism of CBF1 mice.	Carbohydrates	41-53	recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J region	Mus musculus	68-72
528121-2	1979	In both lean and obese mice the rate of fatty acid synthesis was higher between 21.00 - 22.00 h than between 09.00 - 10.00 h. When lean mice were given a high fat (low-carbohydrate) diet the rate of lipogenesis in adipose tissue and rest of carcass (whole mouse minus liver and adipose tissue) was less than in similar mice given a high-carbohydrate (low-fat) diet.	Carbohydrates	337-349	CD36 molecule	Mus musculus	40-43
729592-8	1978	The saccharide chains are terminated in N-acetylglucosaminyl, galactosyl, N-acetylneuraminyl(alpha2-3 and 6)galactosyl and fucosyl(alpha1-2)galactosyl residues, and they also contain blood group A and B determinants.	Carbohydrates	4-14	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	131-139
678617-5	1978	The C-1 ethyl anthranilate group of the N-glucuronides triggers characteristics fragmentation reactions of the carbohydrate moiety revealing the position of the azodipyrrole O-acyl group.	Carbohydrates	111-123	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C	Homo sapiens	4-7
697994-0	1978	[Influence of placental lactogen (HPL) on carbohydrate metabolism in pregnancy].	Carbohydrates	42-54	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	34-37
270751-3	1977	Carbohydrate also forms a large part of the interface between the Fc and Fab regions.	Carbohydrates	0-12	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	73-76
889570-11	1977	Our results show that the PAS-3 glycoprotein of S-s-erythrocytes is deficient in some of the carbohydrates present in the protein from normal erythrocytes.	Carbohydrates	93-106	mucin 15, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	26-31
73630-2	1977	Immunochemical studies indicate that oligomers of alpha1 yields to 2, alpha1 yields to 3, alpha1 yields to 6, and probably also alpha yields to 4 linked mannose residues of sperm carbohydrates are available for antibody binding.	Carbohydrates	179-192	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	50-56
977574-9	1976	These results indicate that there are specific binding sites for collagen alpha 1 chain on platelet membranes, and that the carbohydrate moiety of the alpha 1 chain plays a role in the binding.	Carbohydrates	124-136	collagen type I alpha 1 chain	Gallus gallus	65-87
1254583-0	1976	Carbohydrate composition of bovine rhodopsin.	Carbohydrates	0-12	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	35-44
1254583-1	1976	The carbohydrate content of bovine rhodopsin was investigated and found to be different from previously reported values.	Carbohydrates	4-16	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	35-44
1188292-0	1975	Rapid effect on lipoprotein lipase activity in adipose tissue of humans after carbohydrate and lipid intake.	Carbohydrates	78-90	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	16-34
1079112-7	1975	It is proposed that the Z protein lacks a carbohydrate chain with two terminal sialic acid residues.	Carbohydrates	42-54	transmembrane BAX inhibitor motif containing 4	Homo sapiens	24-33
1079112-9	1975	A carbohydrate chain could be prevented from attaching to the Z type either because of a conformational change or because of the replacement of a carbohydrate-binding asparagine residue in the Z protein.	Carbohydrates	2-14	transmembrane BAX inhibitor motif containing 4	Homo sapiens	193-202
1079112-9	1975	A carbohydrate chain could be prevented from attaching to the Z type either because of a conformational change or because of the replacement of a carbohydrate-binding asparagine residue in the Z protein.	Carbohydrates	146-158	transmembrane BAX inhibitor motif containing 4	Homo sapiens	193-202
165003-2	1975	The main carbohydrate chains are composed of D-galactosyl residues linked at C-3 and 2-acetamido-2-deoxyglucose residues linked at C-4.	Carbohydrates	9-21	complement 4	Gallus gallus	131-134
181697-10	1975	The carbohydrate-free diet caused an increase in liver glucose-6-phosphatase after 4 weeks, a smaller increase after 12 weeks, and there was no increase apparent when feeding was continued for 24 weeks.	Carbohydrates	4-16	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	55-76
1114452-0	1975	[Change in the functional state of the sympathetic-adrenal system and the activity of lipoprotein lipase in patients with ischemic heart disease under the effect of refinded carbohydrates included in diets of different caloric value].	Carbohydrates	174-187	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	86-104
5091086-0	1971	[Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in 15-km ski competition].	Carbohydrates	1-13	SKI proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	44-47
5533932-0	1970	Carbohydrate composition of porcine ceruloplasmin.	Carbohydrates	0-12	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	36-49
14067290-0	1963	[STUDIES ON THE CARBOHYDRATE COMPOSITION OF A FRACTION OF CERULOPLASMIN].	Carbohydrates	16-28	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	58-71
13596789-0	1958	[Action of carbohydrates and related compound on human isohemagglutinins beta(A10) and alpha(BO)].	Carbohydrates	11-24	immunoglobulin kappa variable 6D-21 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	73-81
16654218-0	1949	THE APPLICATION OF THE TOTAL AVAILABLE CARBOHYDRATE METHOD TO THE STUDY OF CARBOHYDRATE RESERVES OF SWITCH CANE (ARUNDINARA TECTA).	Carbohydrates	39-51	tectorin alpha	Homo sapiens	124-129
16654218-0	1949	THE APPLICATION OF THE TOTAL AVAILABLE CARBOHYDRATE METHOD TO THE STUDY OF CARBOHYDRATE RESERVES OF SWITCH CANE (ARUNDINARA TECTA).	Carbohydrates	75-87	tectorin alpha	Homo sapiens	124-129
33306506-10	2021	By using an additive model of inheritance, our moderation analysis showed that PNPLA3 rs738409 significantly modulates the relationship between carbohydrate (%), n-3 PUFAs, total isoflavones, methionine, and choline intakes and fibrosis severity in a dose-dependent, genotype manner.	Carbohydrates	144-156	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	79-85
33610122-7	2021	Further analysis showed that largemouth bass pIgR-ILD could also combine with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycan (PGN) and various saccharides, and reduced binding to bacteria was observed with LPS and PGN treatment, indicating that largemouth bass pIgR could bind to bacteria to prevent infection and that saccharide binding is an important interaction mechanism between pIgR and bacteria.	Carbohydrates	136-147	polymeric immunoglobulin receptor	Homo sapiens	45-49
33610122-7	2021	Further analysis showed that largemouth bass pIgR-ILD could also combine with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycan (PGN) and various saccharides, and reduced binding to bacteria was observed with LPS and PGN treatment, indicating that largemouth bass pIgR could bind to bacteria to prevent infection and that saccharide binding is an important interaction mechanism between pIgR and bacteria.	Carbohydrates	86-96	polymeric immunoglobulin receptor	Homo sapiens	45-49
33610122-8	2021	These results collectively demonstrated that largemouth bass pIgR not only combines with IgM but also binds to bacteria by various saccharides.	Carbohydrates	131-142	polymeric immunoglobulin receptor	Homo sapiens	61-65
33995354-9	2021	Microbes contain both ligands binding to TLRs and carbohydrates that are recognized by CLR and other lectin receptors.	Carbohydrates	50-63	doublecortin like kinase 3	Homo sapiens	87-90
33132087-1	2021	Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1 (GOT1) enzyme plays a critical role in the cell metabolism by participating in the carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	121-133	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-37
33132087-1	2021	Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1 (GOT1) enzyme plays a critical role in the cell metabolism by participating in the carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	121-133	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1	Rattus norvegicus	39-43
33713009-7	2022	The regulation of SGLT2 inhibitors on cardiac energy status including carbohydrates, fatty acids (FA), amino acids and ketones, ATP transfer to the cytoplasm, and mitochondrial functional status have received extensive attention in HF, but its specific mechanism of action is still unclear.	Carbohydrates	70-83	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	18-23
33596508-0	2021	Adiponectin/leptin ratio increases after a 12-week very low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet, and exercise training in healthy individuals: A non-randomized, parallel design study.	Carbohydrates	60-72	leptin	Homo sapiens	12-18
33669523-1	2021	Glycoside hydrolase (GH) represents a crucial category of enzymes for carbohydrate utilization in most organisms.	Carbohydrates	70-82	gamma-glutamyl hydrolase	Homo sapiens	21-23
33400934-8	2021	Induction of free respiration in liver mitochondria by HDA at the level of the bc1 complex is considered as one of the "rescue pathways" of hepatocytes in various pathological conditions, accompanied by disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and increased oxidative stress.	Carbohydrates	216-228	brain cytoplasmic RNA 1	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
32193633-1	2021	PURPOSE: We recently reported that fermentable non-digestible carbohydrates including fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) commonly elevate colonic alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the expression of IAP-I, an ALP gene, in rats fed a high-fat (HF) diet, and also elevate gut mucins and modulate gut microbiota.	Carbohydrates	62-75	alkaline phosphatase, intestinal	Rattus norvegicus	199-204
32851964-1	2021	BACKGROUND: alpha-Glucosidase is a hydrolyze enzyme that plays a crucial role in degradation of carbohydrates and starch to glucose.	Carbohydrates	96-109	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	12-29
32851964-2	2021	Hence, alpha-glucosidase is an important target in the carbohydrate mediated diseases such as diabetes mellitus.	Carbohydrates	55-67	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	7-24
32810487-3	2021	Emerging data from both preclinical studies and clinical trials suggest that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)beta/delta plays an important role in the control of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in liver, and its activation might hinder the progression of NAFLD.	Carbohydrates	183-195	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	81-140
33387581-3	2021	In this review, we discussed the antioxidant potential of chalcones and elucidated the mechanisms of pathways and proteins such as carbohydrate digestive enzymes (alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase), aldose reductase, SLGT-2, and Nrf2 that are targeted by antidiabetic chalcones.	Carbohydrates	131-143	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	181-198
32419574-7	2020	Likewise, treatment with deoxymannojirimycin or siRNA-mediated knockdown of MAN1C1 impairs the ability of the carbohydrate-binding protein galectin-3 to stimulate CD147 clustering in unwounded cells.	Carbohydrates	110-122	mannosidase alpha class 1C member 1	Homo sapiens	76-82
32419574-7	2020	Likewise, treatment with deoxymannojirimycin or siRNA-mediated knockdown of MAN1C1 impairs the ability of the carbohydrate-binding protein galectin-3 to stimulate CD147 clustering in unwounded cells.	Carbohydrates	110-122	basigin (Ok blood group)	Homo sapiens	163-168
33084194-2	2020	LAP contains carbohydrates (82.45 +- 1.23%), protein (1.56 +- 0.21%), and uronic acids (3.56 +- 0.34%).	Carbohydrates	13-26	LAP	Homo sapiens	0-3
32980951-1	2020	KEY MESSAGE: This study focused on the role of CLE1-CLE7 peptides as environmental mediators and indicated that root-induced CLE2 functions systemically in light-dependent carbohydrate metabolism in shoots.	Carbohydrates	172-184	CLAVATA3/ESR-RELATED 7	Arabidopsis thaliana	52-56
33255949-5	2020	These findings reinforce the critical complicity of an associated prolipogenic scenario induced by either an inherently upregulated hepatic lipogenesis or a high fat/high carbohydrate diet in CYP2E1-mediated NAFLD/NASH.	Carbohydrates	171-183	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	192-198
33520854-7	2020	Results: High carbohydrate and fat feeding led to hyperinsulinemic status with increased hepatic G6Pase activity and impaired phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1(IRS1) and reduced expression of antioxidant enzymes.Training significantly reduced hepatic G6Pase activity, upregulated phosphoinositide 3 kinase(PI3K) docking site phosphorylation and downregulated the negative IRS1 phosphorylations thereby increasing the glucose transporter(GLUT) expressions (aa(P < 0.001) when compared to HFD, b(P < 0.01),bb (P < 0.001 when compared to HCD).	Carbohydrates	14-26	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	265-271
33520854-7	2020	Results: High carbohydrate and fat feeding led to hyperinsulinemic status with increased hepatic G6Pase activity and impaired phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1(IRS1) and reduced expression of antioxidant enzymes.Training significantly reduced hepatic G6Pase activity, upregulated phosphoinositide 3 kinase(PI3K) docking site phosphorylation and downregulated the negative IRS1 phosphorylations thereby increasing the glucose transporter(GLUT) expressions (aa(P < 0.001) when compared to HFD, b(P < 0.01),bb (P < 0.001 when compared to HCD).	Carbohydrates	14-26	glutaminase	Rattus norvegicus	431-456
33025968-1	2020	Receptors of carbohydrate mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) are overexpressed in specific cancer cells (such as breast cancer) and are also involved in the trafficking of mannose-6-phosphate labeled proteins exclusively onto lysosomes via cell surface M6P receptor (CI-MPR) mediated endocytosis.	Carbohydrates	13-25	insulin like growth factor 2 receptor	Homo sapiens	258-264
32467232-0	2020	Role for carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) in high glucose-mediated repression of long noncoding RNA Tug1.	Carbohydrates	9-21	taurine upregulated gene 1	Mus musculus	122-126
33228237-3	2020	An inappropriate diet, rich in refined carbohydrates, especially fructose, and saturated fats, and poor in fibers, polyunsaturated fats, and vitamins is one of the main key factors, as well as the polymorphism of patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3 gene) for NAFLD and the apolipoproteins and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family for the cardiovascular damage.	Carbohydrates	39-52	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	213-259
33163999-3	2020	SORDH is an enzyme involved in carbohydrate metabolism converting sorbitol, the sugar alcohol form of glucose, into fructose, with NAD+ as a cofactor being simultaneously reduced to NADH.	Carbohydrates	31-43	sorbitol dehydrogenase	Bos taurus	0-5
32618550-12	2020	After functional and enrichment analyses, the main genes into the selection signatures linked to energy, fatty acids, carbohydrates and lipid metabolic processes were ACER2, PLIN2, DENND4C, RPS6, RRAGA (OCU1), ST8SIA6, VIM (OCU16), RORA, GANC and PLA2G4B (OCU17).	Carbohydrates	118-131	alkaline ceramidase 2	Oryctolagus cuniculus	167-172
32618550-12	2020	After functional and enrichment analyses, the main genes into the selection signatures linked to energy, fatty acids, carbohydrates and lipid metabolic processes were ACER2, PLIN2, DENND4C, RPS6, RRAGA (OCU1), ST8SIA6, VIM (OCU16), RORA, GANC and PLA2G4B (OCU17).	Carbohydrates	118-131	perilipin-2	Oryctolagus cuniculus	174-179
32618550-12	2020	After functional and enrichment analyses, the main genes into the selection signatures linked to energy, fatty acids, carbohydrates and lipid metabolic processes were ACER2, PLIN2, DENND4C, RPS6, RRAGA (OCU1), ST8SIA6, VIM (OCU16), RORA, GANC and PLA2G4B (OCU17).	Carbohydrates	118-131	40S ribosomal protein S6	Oryctolagus cuniculus	190-194
33126652-3	2020	Herein, in a mouse model of CRC, we found that the expression of UNC5A, UNC5B and UNC5C was diminished in tumors but only in mice subjected to a High Carbohydrate Diet (HCD) thus linking nutrition to their repression in CRC.	Carbohydrates	150-162	unc-5 netrin receptor C	Mus musculus	82-87
32415968-0	2020	Pivotal role of carbohydrate recognition domain in self-interaction of CLEC4A to elicit the ITIM-mediated inhibitory function in murine conventional dendritic cells in vitro.	Carbohydrates	16-28	C-type lectin domain family 4, member a2	Mus musculus	71-77
33042991-15	2020	Our data indicate that phosphorylation of Pex14p at S266 provides a mechanism for controlling the peroxisomal import of Cit2p, which helps S. cerevisiae cells to adjust their carbohydrate metabolism according to the nutritional conditions.	Carbohydrates	175-187	citrate (Si)-synthase CIT2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	120-125
32765820-6	2020	GO analysis indicated that genes targeted by miR-484 and miR-378 had major roles in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	84-96	microRNA 484	Homo sapiens	45-52
32765820-6	2020	GO analysis indicated that genes targeted by miR-484 and miR-378 had major roles in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	84-96	microRNA 378a	Homo sapiens	57-64
32775610-12	2020	The results indicate that buffalo PPARGC1A is an inducible transcriptional coactivator involved in regulating carbohydrate and fat metabolism.	Carbohydrates	110-122	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha	Bubalus bubalis	34-42
32698370-9	2020	Patients with high HSP27 levels at baseline showed normalization of several metabolites related to the carbohydrates, nucleotides, amino acids, vitamins and cofactors metabolic pathways after 3-months L-glutamine supplementation.	Carbohydrates	103-116	heat shock protein family B (small) member 1	Homo sapiens	19-24
32680992-7	2020	These results suggest the importance of carbohydrates as a source of acetyl-CoA in the constitution of the BSF fatty acid profile but also the potential importance of specific enzymes (e.g. thioesterase II or Delta12 fat2 desaturase) in BSF fatty acid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	40-53	bicoid stability factor	Drosophila melanogaster	107-110
32537848-4	2020	Muscle-specific attenuation of MEF2, whose chronic activation maintains glucose and mitochondrial homeostasis, leads to the accumulation of large, cholesterol ester-enriched intramuscular lipid droplets in response to high calorie, carbohydrate-sufficient diets.	Carbohydrates	232-244	Myocyte enhancer factor 2	Drosophila melanogaster	31-35
32115801-0	2020	Saccharide analog, 2-deoxy-d-glucose enhances 4-1BB-mediated antitumor immunity via PD-L1 deglycosylation.	Carbohydrates	0-10	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	84-89
32115801-5	2020	Here we found that a saccharide analog, 2-deoxy- d-glucose (2-DG), inhibits glycosylation of PD-L1 and its immunosuppressive function by combining with EGFR inhibitor, gefitinib.	Carbohydrates	21-31	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	93-98
32597487-1	2020	Galectin-8 (Gal-8) is a tandem-repeat type galectin with affinity for beta-galactosides, bearing two carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD) connected by a linker peptide.	Carbohydrates	101-113	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	0-10
32597487-1	2020	Galectin-8 (Gal-8) is a tandem-repeat type galectin with affinity for beta-galactosides, bearing two carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD) connected by a linker peptide.	Carbohydrates	101-113	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	12-17
32513104-0	2020	SH1-dependent maize seed development and starch synthesis via modulating carbohydrate flow and osmotic potential balance.	Carbohydrates	73-85	sucrose synthase 1	Zea mays	0-3
32501939-1	2021	: Galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) are carbohydrate-binding proteins involved in normal processes, autoimmunity, and cancer.	Carbohydrates	48-60	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	2-12
32501939-1	2021	: Galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) are carbohydrate-binding proteins involved in normal processes, autoimmunity, and cancer.	Carbohydrates	48-60	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	14-19
31927321-1	2020	Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, which can be counteracted by inhibition of alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase, both involved in the carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	175-187	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	117-134
32437807-3	2020	Results of chemical composition analysis, UV and HPGPC spectra showed that GFAP mainly contained 94.28% of carbohydrate with the average molecular weight of about 644.9 kDa.	Carbohydrates	107-119	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Mus musculus	75-79
32161179-4	2020	We created HIV-specific CAR-T cells using human PBMC and a CAR construct that enables expression of CD4 (domains 1 and 2) and the carbohydrate recognition domain of mannose binding lectin (MBL) to target native HIV Env (CD4-MBL CAR).	Carbohydrates	130-142	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	165-187
32161179-4	2020	We created HIV-specific CAR-T cells using human PBMC and a CAR construct that enables expression of CD4 (domains 1 and 2) and the carbohydrate recognition domain of mannose binding lectin (MBL) to target native HIV Env (CD4-MBL CAR).	Carbohydrates	130-142	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	189-192
32001301-2	2020	Initially described as being mainly produced in muscle during physical exercise, irisin mediates adipose tissue thermogenesis and also regulates carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	145-157	fibronectin type III domain containing 5	Homo sapiens	81-87
32120159-4	2020	We demonstrated that glycodelin - with or without the carbohydrate structure - was preferentially bound and internalized to peripheral monocytes.	Carbohydrates	54-66	progestagen associated endometrial protein	Homo sapiens	21-31
31992587-6	2020	We found that aging enhanced the preference for nutritious sugar over non-nutritious sugar correlated with an age-dependent increase in the expression of Drosophila neuropeptide F, an ortholog of mammalian neuropeptide Y.	Carbohydrates	59-64	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	206-220
31992587-6	2020	We found that aging enhanced the preference for nutritious sugar over non-nutritious sugar correlated with an age-dependent increase in the expression of Drosophila neuropeptide F, an ortholog of mammalian neuropeptide Y.	Carbohydrates	85-90	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	206-220
31869474-7	2020	ABSTRACT: Preptin is a peptide hormone and plays an important role in the development of obesity by regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	114-126	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	10-17
31825075-0	2020	A Carbohydrate Beverage Reduces Monocytes Expressing TLR4 in Children with Overweight or Obesity.	Carbohydrates	2-14	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	53-57
31789670-9	2020	SUMMARY: ApoCIII might be causal in the lipid dysregulation observed after consumption of fructose and fructose-containing sugars.	Carbohydrates	123-129	apolipoprotein C3	Homo sapiens	9-16
31789670-10	2020	Decreased consumption of fructose and fructose-containing sugars could be an effective strategy for reducing circulating apoCIII and subsequently lowering triglyceride levels.	Carbohydrates	58-64	apolipoprotein C3	Homo sapiens	121-128
31896136-5	2020	This CPE-suppressive effect was due to a hydrophilic sugar-containing compound without phenolic and protein structures but not the hydrophobic biologically active neolignans, honokiol and magnolol.	Carbohydrates	53-58	cpe	Clostridium perfringens	5-8
31678459-1	2020	RATIONALE: Galectin-1 is a carbohydrate-binding protein involved in apoptosis, cell-proliferation and differentiation, implicated in T-cell homeostasis and survival.	Carbohydrates	27-39	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	11-21
31932432-3	2020	Here, we identify the requirements of hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) for Drosophila homeodomain-interacting protein kinase (Hipk)-induced growth abnormalities in response to a high sugar diet.	Carbohydrates	219-224	super sex combs	Drosophila melanogaster	80-100
31932432-3	2020	Here, we identify the requirements of hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) for Drosophila homeodomain-interacting protein kinase (Hipk)-induced growth abnormalities in response to a high sugar diet.	Carbohydrates	219-224	super sex combs	Drosophila melanogaster	102-105
32071551-6	2020	In addition, the serum concentration of ITGA1 was also higher in CRC patients compared to the healthy subjects (p&lt;0.01) and was significantly associated with metastatic TNM stages (p&lt;0.0001) and circulating carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199) (p&lt;0.022).	Carbohydrates	213-225	integrin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	40-45
31806266-7	2020	Therefore, the sugar conformation of 4"-selenoadenosine PPAR modulators affects the ligand binding affinity against PPARdelta.	Carbohydrates	15-20	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	56-60
32141859-13	2020	The overwhelming majority of these autoantibodies belong to the IgG2 isotype thus indicating that they might be directed against carbohydrate antigens within highly glycosylated hCG.	Carbohydrates	129-141	cathepsin G	Homo sapiens	178-181
31968349-3	2020	As thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), an endogenous inhibitor of Trx, is overexpressed in DM due to carbohydrate response element within its promoter, we hypothesized that inhibition of Trx1 by enhanced TXNIP expression in endothelial cells may play a role in hyperglycemia-induced impairment of angiogenesis.	Carbohydrates	106-118	thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	192-196
7185867-6	1982	The PEP diet, which includes a beneficial change in fat/carbohydrate ratio, can alter lipid profiles, blood pressure, and sodium excretion, thus leading to improved health status and a decrease in cardiac risk factors.	Carbohydrates	56-68	progestagen associated endometrial protein	Homo sapiens	4-7
7157648-4	1982	It was established that digestive and metabolic processes ran a best course at the protein to carbohydrate ration of 1:5.8.	Carbohydrates	94-106	GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran	Ovis aries	58-61
6119980-0	1981	Biochemical characterization including amino acid and carbohydrate compositions of canine and human brain Thy-1 antigen.	Carbohydrates	54-66	Thy-1 cell surface antigen	Homo sapiens	106-119
6119980-4	1981	Analysis of canine and human brain Thy-1 purified by monoclonal antibody affinity chromatography with additional gel filtration through Sephadex G-200 showed that these molecules had respectively 38% and 36% carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	208-220	Thy-1 cell surface antigen	Homo sapiens	35-40
6167623-5	1981	Although the antiserum was shown to contain antibodies to both protein and carbohydrate determinants on the AT III molecule, studies comparing the effects of 7 M guanidine and periodate oxidation on the antigenicity of the AT III determinant also recognized on the thymocytes indicated that this shared antigenic determinant was carbohydrate in nature.	Carbohydrates	75-87	antithrombin-III	Cavia porcellus	108-114
6167624-5	1981	The shared antigenic determinant appeared to be carbohydrate in nature in that native and guanidine-treated AT III, but not periodate oxidized AT III, were capable of inhibiting the mitogenic activity of the serum when added continuously to the cultures.	Carbohydrates	48-60	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	108-114
6789885-1	1981	Although it is generally accepted that lactase (beta-D-galactosidase, EC 3.2.1.23) activity is not influenced by intake of saccharides containing alpha-linkages, an effect of these carbohydrates on lactase activity was never thoroughly investigated.	Carbohydrates	181-194	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	198-205
6789885-8	1981	These studies thus demonstrated a dose- and time-dependency between the intake of starch (a carbohydrate containing only alpha-linkages) and the activity of lactase, a neutral beta-galactosidase in adult rats.	Carbohydrates	92-104	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	157-164
7272338-1	1981	The elucidation of the structures of two carbohydrate units, N-glycosidically linked to an asparagine residue of bovine lactotransferrin, is described.	Carbohydrates	41-53	lactotransferrin	Bos taurus	120-136
7016660-3	1981	The author argues, that it may be taken for granted, that above all other hormones human placental lactogen (HPL) is responsible for regulation of carbohydrate metabolism during pregnancy.	Carbohydrates	147-159	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	109-112
6970745-4	1981	C4a is devoid of tryptophan, histidine, and carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	44-56	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-3
6940150-6	1981	The smallest complex carbohydrate fragment that accelerated the inactivation of thrombin by antithrombin had approximately 14 residues.	Carbohydrates	21-33	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	92-104
6186780-3	1981	Remarkable deviations from control values were found not only in blood but also in the CSF of patients with different neuromuscular diseases, particularly in Duchenne muscular dystrophy and peroneal muscular atrophy, indicative of disturbance of the carbohydrate metabolism in the central nervous system.	Carbohydrates	250-262	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	87-90
7440552-4	1980	The relative level of mRNA coding for liver pyruvate kinase decreases almost 60% upon fasting and increases approximately 15-fold upon refeeding with a high carbohydrate diet for 24 h. These observed changes in the amount of mRNA coding for liver pyruvate kinase agree with the previously reported changes in the relative rates of liver pyruvate kinase synthesis measured in vivo during these dietary stresses.	Carbohydrates	157-169	pyruvate kinase PKLR	Oryctolagus cuniculus	44-59
7440552-4	1980	The relative level of mRNA coding for liver pyruvate kinase decreases almost 60% upon fasting and increases approximately 15-fold upon refeeding with a high carbohydrate diet for 24 h. These observed changes in the amount of mRNA coding for liver pyruvate kinase agree with the previously reported changes in the relative rates of liver pyruvate kinase synthesis measured in vivo during these dietary stresses.	Carbohydrates	157-169	pyruvate kinase PKLR	Oryctolagus cuniculus	247-262
7440552-4	1980	The relative level of mRNA coding for liver pyruvate kinase decreases almost 60% upon fasting and increases approximately 15-fold upon refeeding with a high carbohydrate diet for 24 h. These observed changes in the amount of mRNA coding for liver pyruvate kinase agree with the previously reported changes in the relative rates of liver pyruvate kinase synthesis measured in vivo during these dietary stresses.	Carbohydrates	157-169	pyruvate kinase PKLR	Oryctolagus cuniculus	247-262
6109240-2	1980	The diet protein, fats and carbohydrates stimulate secretion, CCK-P, GIP, and gastrin release and effect insulin and HGH release.	Carbohydrates	27-40	gastrin	Homo sapiens	78-85
6933473-4	1980	CNBr cleavage of H-2Kk heavy chains labeled with [3H]fucose indicated that the carbohydrate moieties are located on fragments II and IV.. Incubation of cells with 32PO4 gave H-2 molecules with radioactive phosphoserine in the carboxyl-terminal CNBr fragment (VI) of the heavy chain and in the fraction containing beta 2-microglobulin.	Carbohydrates	79-91	histocompatibility 2, K1, K region	Mus musculus	17-22
7372626-0	1980	Structural studies on the carbohydrate portion of human antithrombin III.	Carbohydrates	26-38	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	56-72
7372626-1	1980	Human antithrombin III has been shown to contain four identical N-glycosidically linked carbohydrate chain per molecule.	Carbohydrates	88-100	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	6-22
20487738-1	1980	The amino-terminal 39 amino acids of bovine rhodopsin have the sequence where both carbohydrate attachment sites (CHO) contain GlcNAc(3)Man(3).	Carbohydrates	83-95	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	44-53
120193-6	1979	The concentration of NADP-ME CRM and tissue activity are coordinately increased in third instar larvae by dietary carbohydrate and decreased by dietary lipid.	Carbohydrates	114-126	Malic enzyme	Drosophila melanogaster	21-28
476685-2	1979	alpha-Lactalbumin from the R3230AC tumor had the same amino acid and carbohydrate composition, migration on gel electrophoresis, and specific activity as did alpha-lactalbumin isolated from normal rat milk.	Carbohydrates	69-81	lactalbumin, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	0-17
463802-0	1979	Effect of high carbohydrate feeding with dextrose or sucrose on adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity and plasma triglyceride levels in hemodialysis patients.	Carbohydrates	15-27	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	79-97
463802-1	1979	The acute effect of feeding high concentration carbohydrate meals containing equicaloric amounts of dextrose or sucrose on the activity of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase and the concentration of plasma triglyceride was assessed in 11 hemodialysis patients.	Carbohydrates	47-59	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	154-172
209036-6	1978	Thus, the carbohydrate moieties of rat liver transferrin or apoprotein B of chick liver VLDL do not appear to play an essential role in the secretion process.	Carbohydrates	10-22	very low density lipoprotein receptor	Gallus gallus	88-92
79606-1	1978	Examination of the subclass distribution of murine antibodies directed against groups A and C streptococcal carbohydrate, alpha-(1 leads to 3) dextran and phosphocholine yields the surprising observation that these carbohydrate antigens stimulate IgG responses largely restricted to the rare IgG3 subclass.	Carbohydrates	215-227	immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 3 (G3m marker)	Homo sapiens	292-296
660965-0	1978	[Intravenous infusion of carbohydrate after induction of acute hepatic injury by CCl4 and its effect on injured liver (author"s transl)].	Carbohydrates	25-37	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Homo sapiens	81-85
605757-4	1977	A hypothesis has been put forward that if rapidly moving IgG do not belong to subclass 4 then they have, probably, atypically arranged carbohydrate groups, e.g. in Fab fragment.	Carbohydrates	135-147	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	164-167
411880-1	1977	Human serum cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) is a carbohydrate-rich glycoprotein, which reacts with 18 different lectins from plants and invertebrates by a specific precipitin reaction; most of the lectins combine with alkali-stable bound carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	45-57	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	12-26
592823-1	1977	The amino terminus of bovine rhodopsin is blocked and has the sequence x-Met-Asn(CHO)-Gly-Thr-Glu-Gly-Pro-Asn-Phe-Tyr-Val-Pro-Phe-Ser-Asn(CHO)-Lys-Thr-Gly-Val-Val-Arg, where CHO represents sites of carbohydrate attachment.	Carbohydrates	198-210	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	29-38
24271571-0	1976	Amino acid and carbohydrate compositions of human serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase.	Carbohydrates	15-27	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	56-81
24271571-3	1976	Human serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase is a glycoprotein, containing 13.11 g carbohydrates/100 g protein.	Carbohydrates	76-89	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	12-37
175240-18	1976	The proportion of ApoC-II relative to ApoC-III in VLDL increased in each subject on the carbohydrate diet (mean rise was 1.55-fold).	Carbohydrates	88-100	apolipoprotein C3	Homo sapiens	38-46
1184738-6	1975	Postprandial-stimulated insulin secretion was related to diet-induced changes in lipoprotein lipase in control subjects; both were dependent upon the amount of dietary carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	168-180	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	81-99
238557-4	1975	The saccharide binding activity decreases in the order Zn2+ is greater than Ni2+ is greater than Co2+ is greater than Mn2+ is greater than Cd2+ reflecting the order of binding constants for these ions in the transition metal site.	Carbohydrates	4-14	complement C2	Homo sapiens	97-100
4219283-9	1974	By CNBr cleavage of fragment PF-I two peptides (C-1 and C-2) were obtained with molecular weights of about 5900 (C-2) and 12400 (C-1) on the basis of amino acid and carbohydrate analyses.	Carbohydrates	165-177	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C	Homo sapiens	48-59
4219283-9	1974	By CNBr cleavage of fragment PF-I two peptides (C-1 and C-2) were obtained with molecular weights of about 5900 (C-2) and 12400 (C-1) on the basis of amino acid and carbohydrate analyses.	Carbohydrates	165-177	complement C2	Homo sapiens	56-59
4219283-9	1974	By CNBr cleavage of fragment PF-I two peptides (C-1 and C-2) were obtained with molecular weights of about 5900 (C-2) and 12400 (C-1) on the basis of amino acid and carbohydrate analyses.	Carbohydrates	165-177	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C	Homo sapiens	48-51
4607118-0	1974	Studies on the carbohydrate moiety of dopamine beta-hydroxylase: interaction of the enzyme with concanavalin A.	Carbohydrates	15-27	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	38-63
28603927-5	1971	The urato-binding alpha1-2 globulin contains 12.1% of carbohydrates including galactose, mannoso, galactosamine and sialic acid.	Carbohydrates	54-67	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	18-26
5317625-0	1971	[Carbohydrate metabolism during poisoning with the cholinesterase inhibitor O-ethyl-S-hexylmethylthiophosphonate].	Carbohydrates	1-13	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	51-65
4322553-0	1971	The effect of ACTH and corticosteroids on carbohydrate metabolism during the metamorphosis of Xenopus laevis.	Carbohydrates	42-54	proopiomelanocortin S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	14-18
5000644-13	1971	The results suggest that carbohydrate analyses can yield valuable information about the purity of elastin preparations.	Carbohydrates	25-37	elastin	Bos taurus	98-105
5813177-5	1969	Since bovine IgG molecules contained on the average a greater amount of hexose in the ;hinge" region, carbohydrate on this part of the gamma-chain may influence not only the initial rate of enzymic hydrolysis into Fab and Fc fragments, but also, and to a greater extent, the rate of further limited hydrolysis of the N-terminal regions of the Fc fragment.	Carbohydrates	102-114	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	214-217
4968617-0	1967	Alpha-mannosidase and beta-mannosidase from the liver of Tubo cortunus: purfication, properties and application of carbohydrate research.	Carbohydrates	115-127	mannosidase beta	Homo sapiens	22-38
5900221-6	1966	Lipase activity of adipose tissue was increased by high carbohydrate meal-feeding and decreased by feeding a high fat diet.	Carbohydrates	56-68	lipase G, endothelial type	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
13547872-0	1958	[Paper chromatography of carbohydrates &amp; mesoinositol in CSF].	Carbohydrates	25-38	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	61-65
33908564-1	2021	Natural sulfated glycans are key players in inflammation through TLR4 activation; therefore synthetic exogenous sulfated saccharides can be used to downregulate inflammation processes.	Carbohydrates	121-132	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	65-69
33987949-4	2021	AG interacts with carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) 2 of galectin-9 with high affinity, and galectin-9 associates with transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) via CRD2 to trigger subsequent activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) as well as induction of the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).	Carbohydrates	18-30	lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 9 (galectin 9)-like 3	Danio rerio	61-71
33544927-6	2021	Cross-elicitation experiments between MLG43 and the carbohydrate MAMP chitohexaose [beta-1,4-D-(GlcNAc)6 ], that is also perceived by these LysM PRRs, indicated that the mechanism of MLG43 recognition could differ from that of chitohexaose, that is fully impaired in cerk1 and lyk4 lyk5 plants.	Carbohydrates	52-64	chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	267-272
33544927-6	2021	Cross-elicitation experiments between MLG43 and the carbohydrate MAMP chitohexaose [beta-1,4-D-(GlcNAc)6 ], that is also perceived by these LysM PRRs, indicated that the mechanism of MLG43 recognition could differ from that of chitohexaose, that is fully impaired in cerk1 and lyk4 lyk5 plants.	Carbohydrates	52-64	protein kinase family protein / peptidoglycan-binding LysM domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	277-281
33676847-6	2021	We also conducted an E-selectin IgM chimera in situ binding assay to assess expression of functional E-selectin ligand carbohydrates in ccRCC.	Carbohydrates	119-132	selectin E	Homo sapiens	101-111
33676847-7	2021	We then carried out statistical analysis to determine whether membrane expression of HECA-452-reactive sLex/sLea glycans as well as of E-selectin IgM-binding functional E-selectin ligand carbohydrates correlates with progression-free, overall, or cancer-specific survival.	Carbohydrates	187-200	selectin E	Homo sapiens	135-145
33676847-12	2021	Membrane expression of functional E-selectin ligand carbohydrates, as detected by the E-selectin IgM chimera, correlated more significantly with poor prognosis of patients, namely, shortened progression-free, overall and cancer-specific survival, than did HECA-452 positivity.	Carbohydrates	52-65	selectin E	Homo sapiens	34-44
33676847-12	2021	Membrane expression of functional E-selectin ligand carbohydrates, as detected by the E-selectin IgM chimera, correlated more significantly with poor prognosis of patients, namely, shortened progression-free, overall and cancer-specific survival, than did HECA-452 positivity.	Carbohydrates	52-65	selectin E	Homo sapiens	86-96
33676847-13	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Expression of E-selectin IgM-binding functional E-selectin ligand carbohydrates can serve as a reliable and potentially superior prognostic biomarker of patients with ccRCC.	Carbohydrates	79-92	selectin E	Homo sapiens	27-37
33734377-4	2021	Selection effects found for variants in genes PPARA and TCF7L2 may have enabled Africans to respond to nutritional challenges by altering carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	138-150	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	46-51
33734377-4	2021	Selection effects found for variants in genes PPARA and TCF7L2 may have enabled Africans to respond to nutritional challenges by altering carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	138-150	transcription factor 7 like 2	Homo sapiens	56-62
33920550-0	2021	Trace Level Determination of Saccharides in Pristine Marine Aerosols by Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.	Carbohydrates	29-40	gastrin	Homo sapiens	72-75
33830241-6	2021	The first was to determine whether the PE ratio was influenced by changes in carbohydrate content.	Carbohydrates	77-89	prolyl endopeptidase	Rattus norvegicus	39-41
33830241-12	2021	RESULTS: The selected PE ratio increased from 20% to 35% when the carbohydrate content of the protein-free diet increased from 30% to 75% (R2 = 0.56; P < 10-6).	Carbohydrates	66-78	prolyl endopeptidase	Rattus norvegicus	22-24
33715179-2	2021	alpha-Glucosidase can hydrolyze carbohydrates to monosaccharides after meals and lead to the rise of blood glucose levels in human body.	Carbohydrates	32-45	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	0-17
33682637-1	2021	Human pancreatic alpha-amylase inhibition is currently a promising therapeutic target against type 2 diabetes (DMT2) because it can reduce aggressive digestion of carbohydrates into absorbable monosaccharides.	Carbohydrates	163-176	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	6-30
33386499-2	2021	BpGH9 is a modular endocellulase belonging to the glycoside hydrolase 9 family (GH9), which contains a catalytic module (GH) and a carbohydrate-binding module belonging to class 3 and subclass c (CBM3c).	Carbohydrates	131-143	gamma-glutamyl hydrolase	Homo sapiens	2-4
33449919-1	2021	Aims: The alpha-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose is believed to reduce plasma glucose by delaying hydrolysis of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	110-123	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	10-27
33631195-4	2021	Lysyl hydroxylase 1 (LH1) is required to hydroxylate lysine for cross-linking and carbohydrate attachment within collagen triple helical sequences.	Carbohydrates	82-94	procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 1	Mus musculus	0-19
33631195-4	2021	Lysyl hydroxylase 1 (LH1) is required to hydroxylate lysine for cross-linking and carbohydrate attachment within collagen triple helical sequences.	Carbohydrates	82-94	procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	21-24
33596802-1	2021	Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a 14kDa carbohydrate-binding protein of the galectin family found in humans affects intracellular signaling pathways upon interaction with beta-galactosides on cell-surface, cytosol, and nucleus.	Carbohydrates	28-40	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
33596802-1	2021	Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a 14kDa carbohydrate-binding protein of the galectin family found in humans affects intracellular signaling pathways upon interaction with beta-galactosides on cell-surface, cytosol, and nucleus.	Carbohydrates	28-40	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	12-17
33288345-4	2021	Information about PSA glycosylation can help to fulfill this gap as alterations of its carbohydrate moieties due to cancerous transformation may represent additional markers to distinguish malignant from benign tumors.	Carbohydrates	87-99	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	18-21
32917985-11	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Impairment of leptin signaling in VAN reduces responsiveness to gastrointestinal signals, which reduces intestinal absorption of carbohydrates and de novo lipogenesis resulting in reduced long-term energy storage.	Carbohydrates	142-155	leptin	Mus musculus	27-33
33411760-1	2021	Galectin-1 (gal-1) is a carbohydrate-binding lectin with important functions in angiogenesis, immune response, hemostasis and inflammation.	Carbohydrates	24-36	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
33411760-1	2021	Galectin-1 (gal-1) is a carbohydrate-binding lectin with important functions in angiogenesis, immune response, hemostasis and inflammation.	Carbohydrates	24-36	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	12-17
32178617-2	2021	Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis [euDKA], a complication of SGLT2 therapy, can be exacerbated by a low carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	103-115	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	60-65
32852548-1	2021	OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and performance of a new multivariable closed-loop glucose controller with automatic carbohydrate recommendation (MCL) during and after unannounced and announced exercise in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D).	Carbohydrates	119-131	C-type lectin domain family 4 member D	Homo sapiens	148-151
32852548-11	2021	CONCLUSIONS: MCL with automatic carbohydrate recommendation performed well and was safe during and after both unannounced and announced exercise maintaining glucose mostly within the target range and reducing the risk of hypoglycemia despite of less amount of carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	32-44	C-type lectin domain family 4 member D	Homo sapiens	13-16
32852548-11	2021	CONCLUSIONS: MCL with automatic carbohydrate recommendation performed well and was safe during and after both unannounced and announced exercise maintaining glucose mostly within the target range and reducing the risk of hypoglycemia despite of less amount of carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	260-272	C-type lectin domain family 4 member D	Homo sapiens	13-16
33297578-5	2020	Investigation of Gd3+ effects at the cellular and molecular levels mostly revolves around calcium-dependent proteins, since Gd3+ competes with calcium due to their similar size; other reports focus on interaction of Gd3+ with nucleic acids and carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	244-257	GRDX	Homo sapiens	17-20
33260878-4	2020	PDF-based meat analogues showed lower hardness (13.55-18.33 N) than those produced from PIs and SIs (nearly 27 N), probably due to a more porous structure given by the natural presence of carbohydrates in the dry-fractionated ingredient.	Carbohydrates	188-201	peptide deformylase, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	0-3
33520854-7	2020	Results: High carbohydrate and fat feeding led to hyperinsulinemic status with increased hepatic G6Pase activity and impaired phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1(IRS1) and reduced expression of antioxidant enzymes.Training significantly reduced hepatic G6Pase activity, upregulated phosphoinositide 3 kinase(PI3K) docking site phosphorylation and downregulated the negative IRS1 phosphorylations thereby increasing the glucose transporter(GLUT) expressions (aa(P < 0.001) when compared to HFD, b(P < 0.01),bb (P < 0.001 when compared to HCD).	Carbohydrates	14-26	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	97-103
33167483-2	2020	E-selectin and its carbohydrate ligands, including sialyl Lewis X (sLeX) antigen, are key players in the binding of circulating tumor cells to the endothelium, which is one of the major events leading to organ invasion.	Carbohydrates	19-31	selectin E	Homo sapiens	0-10
32920334-1	2020	Carbohydrate-rich waste streams can be used for bioproduction of medium-chain carboxylic acids (MCCA) such as caproic acid.	Carbohydrates	0-12	methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase subunit 1	Homo sapiens	96-100
32920334-2	2020	The carbohydrates in these streams can be converted to lactic acid as the initial fermentation product, which can then be fermented to MCCA by chain elongation.	Carbohydrates	4-17	methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase subunit 1	Homo sapiens	135-139
33076263-9	2020	Interestingly, carbohydrate-induced insulin signaling appears to activate FAK at the level of IRS-1 but did not enhance mTOR activity 1 h post-exercise greater than the placebo condition.	Carbohydrates	15-27	insulin receptor substrate 1	Homo sapiens	94-99
31625393-5	2020	An alternative strategy involves starving OGT of its sugar substrate UDP-GlcNAc by targeting enzymes of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP).	Carbohydrates	53-58	O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:polypeptide-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase)	Mus musculus	42-45
32813045-1	2020	Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) encoded by MBL2 gene is a protein with the ability to form carbohydrate complexes with microbial wall promoting their subsequent elimination.	Carbohydrates	88-100	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-22
32813045-1	2020	Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) encoded by MBL2 gene is a protein with the ability to form carbohydrate complexes with microbial wall promoting their subsequent elimination.	Carbohydrates	88-100	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	24-27
32813045-1	2020	Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) encoded by MBL2 gene is a protein with the ability to form carbohydrate complexes with microbial wall promoting their subsequent elimination.	Carbohydrates	88-100	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	40-44
33244496-0	2020	SUCCESSFUL REIMPLEMENTATION OF A VERY LOW CARBOHYDRATE KETOGENIC DIET AFTER SGLT2 INHIBITOR ASSOCIATED EUGLYCEMIC DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS.	Carbohydrates	42-54	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	76-81
32492148-8	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Replacing SFA with carbohydrate decreased factor VIIc and increased fibrinogen in healthy and metabolically unhealthy individuals and also increased PAI-1 in healthy subjects.	Carbohydrates	32-44	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	162-167
32802126-4	2020	This study aims to determine if date seed polyphenols inhibit the activity of the enzymes (alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase), responsible for the digestion of carbohydrates and modulating the glucose uptake by human liver cells.	Carbohydrates	162-175	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	109-126
32579556-2	2020	Here, we show that Isr1 acts as a negative regulator of the highly-conserved hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), which converts glucose into uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), the carbohydrate precursor to protein glycosylation, GPI-anchor formation, and chitin biosynthesis.	Carbohydrates	202-214	putative protein kinase ISR1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	19-23
32579556-9	2020	As Pho85 is a cell cycle and nutrient responsive kinase, this tight regulation of Isr1 may serve to dynamically regulate flux through the HBP and modulate how the cell"s energy resources are converted into structural carbohydrates in response to changing cellular needs.	Carbohydrates	217-230	putative protein kinase ISR1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	82-86
32200326-3	2020	We report the stereodivergent synthesis of trihydroxypiperidines alkylated at C-2 with both configurations, by means of the stereoselective addition of Grignard reagents to a carbohydrate-derived nitrone in the presence or absence of Lewis acids.	Carbohydrates	175-187	complement C2	Homo sapiens	78-81
32004678-10	2020	RESULTS: Genotype was a significant predictor of placenta leptin DNA methylation (p < .01), and after controlling for this and other relevant maternal and infant covariates, lower levels of leptin methylation were significantly associated with greater intake of carbohydrates (p < .05), in particular added sugars (p < .05) and white/refined carbohydrates (p < .05).	Carbohydrates	262-275	leptin	Homo sapiens	190-196
32004678-10	2020	RESULTS: Genotype was a significant predictor of placenta leptin DNA methylation (p < .01), and after controlling for this and other relevant maternal and infant covariates, lower levels of leptin methylation were significantly associated with greater intake of carbohydrates (p < .05), in particular added sugars (p < .05) and white/refined carbohydrates (p < .05).	Carbohydrates	342-355	leptin	Homo sapiens	190-196
32004678-13	2020	CONCLUSION: These findings underline the importance of intake of carbohydrate consumption for methylation of the placenta leptin gene.	Carbohydrates	65-77	leptin	Homo sapiens	122-128
32047898-8	2020	The only factors independently associated with ECC were high free sugars intakes (PR 1.97, 95% CI: 1.13, 3.44), and greater socioeconomic disadvantage (PR 2.15, 95% CI: 1.08, 4.28).	Carbohydrates	66-72	transmembrane protein 37	Homo sapiens	82-86
31820205-9	2020	This study revealed that high-carbohydrate diet could improve the resistance to hypoxia by activating glycolysis and hif/insulin signaling pathway in zebrafish, mainly in the muscle, to efficiently supply energy.	Carbohydrates	30-42	preproinsulin	Danio rerio	121-128
32145513-7	2020	RESULTS: Besides the phenotypical characteristics of GHRD subjects, including those of brain structure and function, enhanced insulin sensitivity, and other minor, we observed that the insulin-regulated IGFBP1 had a consistent negative correlation with the main elements of the carbohydrate metabolism only in the individuals affected with the disease, and not in their relatives.	Carbohydrates	278-290	insulin like growth factor binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	203-209
32037171-3	2020	Considering that MFGM is a heterogeneous mixture of fat, protein, and carbohydrate, it can be expected that variations among MFGM products exist.	Carbohydrates	70-82	milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing	Homo sapiens	17-21
32037171-3	2020	Considering that MFGM is a heterogeneous mixture of fat, protein, and carbohydrate, it can be expected that variations among MFGM products exist.	Carbohydrates	70-82	milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing	Homo sapiens	125-129
32057567-0	2020	A circadian rhythm-related MTNR1B genetic variant (rs10830963) modulate body weight change and insulin resistance after 9 months of a high protein/low carbohydrate vs a standard hypocaloric diet.	Carbohydrates	151-163	melatonin receptor 1B	Homo sapiens	27-33
32049016-1	2020	Approximately 50% of the mass of the Envelope (Env) glycoprotein surface subunit (gp120) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is composed of N-linked carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	160-172	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	82-87
30705392-12	2020	CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence of a defective glycogen metabolism in the adipose associated with impaired fasting-induced activation of the upstream kinase protein kinase A, which render a converging point to obesity-related primary alterations in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the AT.	Carbohydrates	258-270	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	166-182
31913749-1	2020	Strong evidence supports a major role for heterodimers of the Type 1 taste receptor (T1R) family in the taste transduction of sugars (T1R2+T1R3) and amino acids (T1R1+T1R3), but there are also neural and behavioral data supporting T1R-independent mechanisms.	Carbohydrates	126-132	taste receptor, type 1, member 2	Mus musculus	134-138
31913749-1	2020	Strong evidence supports a major role for heterodimers of the Type 1 taste receptor (T1R) family in the taste transduction of sugars (T1R2+T1R3) and amino acids (T1R1+T1R3), but there are also neural and behavioral data supporting T1R-independent mechanisms.	Carbohydrates	126-132	taste receptor, type 1, member 3	Mus musculus	139-143
31913749-1	2020	Strong evidence supports a major role for heterodimers of the Type 1 taste receptor (T1R) family in the taste transduction of sugars (T1R2+T1R3) and amino acids (T1R1+T1R3), but there are also neural and behavioral data supporting T1R-independent mechanisms.	Carbohydrates	126-132	taste receptor, type 1, member 3	Mus musculus	167-171
32009121-6	2020	Furthermore, MUC5AC was detected in the mouse gastric mucous fraction by Western blotting, and recombinant mGal-2 was adsorbed to this fraction in a carbohydrate-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	149-161	lectin, galactose-binding, soluble 2	Mus musculus	107-113
32744961-7	2020	Activation of PPAR-alpha, SIRT3/1, and FXR through many cascades by plant compounds such as terpenoids, iridoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, tannins, carbohydrates, and phyto cannabinoids recover the diabetic complications.	Carbohydrates	155-168	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	14-24
32153322-8	2020	The most differentially expressed genes were observed in carbohydrate metabolic process, lipid metabolic process, cellulose synthase activity, membrane transports, nitrogen compound metabolic process and chitinase activity related genes.	Carbohydrates	57-69	basic endochitinase A	Triticum aestivum	204-213
33270011-1	2020	Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is an acute phase protein which recognizes the pathogens through its carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	98-110	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-22
33270011-1	2020	Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is an acute phase protein which recognizes the pathogens through its carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	98-110	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	24-27
33408950-1	2019	beta1-3-Linked galactosides such as Galbeta1-3GlcNAcbetaOR are common carbohydrate motifs found in human milk oligosaccharides (HMOSs), glycolipids, and glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	70-82	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-18 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	0-7
31791350-11	2019	The odds of rapid decline in AMH was significantly reduced with higher intakes of fat, carbohydrate, protein, and calcium intakes from dairy sources, lactose and galactose.	Carbohydrates	87-99	anti-Mullerian hormone	Homo sapiens	29-32
31791350-12	2019	Annual rate of AMH decline was inversely correlated with dairy products, milk, fermented dairy, fruits, dairy carbohydrate, dairy fat, dairy protein, total calcium and dairy calcium, lactose and galactose, and positively correlated with organ meats.	Carbohydrates	110-122	anti-Mullerian hormone	Homo sapiens	15-18
32560604-1	2020	alpha-Glucosidase plays an important role in carbohydrate metabolism and is an attractive drug target for the treatment of diabetes, obesity and other related complications.	Carbohydrates	45-57	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	0-17
33342467-1	2020	Phosphoglucomutase 1 deficiency is a congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) with multiorgan involvement affecting carbohydrate metabolism, N-glycosylation and energy production.	Carbohydrates	118-130	phosphoglucomutase 1	Homo sapiens	0-20
32344408-1	2020	INTRODUCTION: We have previously shown that the expression of carbohydrate (chondroitin 4) sulfotransferase-11 (CHST11) is elevated in human breast cancer tissues, and that its expression in human breast cancer cell lines is associated with aggressive behavior of cells.	Carbohydrates	62-74	carbohydrate sulfotransferase 11	Homo sapiens	112-118
31604106-11	2019	Furthermore, the effects and mechanisms of the key genes of O-glycan sugar chain synthesis and hydrolases such as polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase1 (Galnt1), Core 1 synthase, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase (C1galt1), O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (Ogt) and Hexosaminidase (Hex), were evaluated.	Carbohydrates	69-74	polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1	Cricetulus griseus	162-168
31604106-13	2019	Galnt1 is the major limiting enzyme of O-glycan sugar chain synthesis.	Carbohydrates	48-53	polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1	Cricetulus griseus	0-6
31808390-2	2021	alpha-glucosidase inhibitors compete with the alpha-glucosidase enzyme activity, which helps to reduce the conversion of carbohydrates into glucose and thereby control the postprandial hyperglycemia incidence.	Carbohydrates	121-134	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	0-17
31808390-2	2021	alpha-glucosidase inhibitors compete with the alpha-glucosidase enzyme activity, which helps to reduce the conversion of carbohydrates into glucose and thereby control the postprandial hyperglycemia incidence.	Carbohydrates	121-134	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	46-63
31771407-3	2019	The results identified that the higher carbohydrates intake significantly up-regulated the FTO gene (P = 0.001) and down-regulated the IRX3 gene (P = 0.01).	Carbohydrates	39-52	FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	91-94
31771407-5	2019	In carriers of GG genotype of FTO gene, the amount of dietary carbohydrate had a positive association with FTO gene expression (p = 0.001, and p = 0.04, respectively).	Carbohydrates	62-74	FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	30-33
31771407-5	2019	In carriers of GG genotype of FTO gene, the amount of dietary carbohydrate had a positive association with FTO gene expression (p = 0.001, and p = 0.04, respectively).	Carbohydrates	62-74	FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	107-110
31605927-1	2019	Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1 (GOT1) regulates cellular metabolism through coordinating the utilization of carbohydrates and amino acids to meet nutrient requirements for sustained proliferation.	Carbohydrates	113-126	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1	Homo sapiens	0-35
31448653-12	2019	Moreover, the addition or loss of carbohydrate chains affects beta2GPI immunoreactivity since carbohydrates are determining factors for beta2GPI conformation.	Carbohydrates	34-46	apolipoprotein H	Homo sapiens	62-70
31448653-12	2019	Moreover, the addition or loss of carbohydrate chains affects beta2GPI immunoreactivity since carbohydrates are determining factors for beta2GPI conformation.	Carbohydrates	34-46	apolipoprotein H	Homo sapiens	136-144
31448653-12	2019	Moreover, the addition or loss of carbohydrate chains affects beta2GPI immunoreactivity since carbohydrates are determining factors for beta2GPI conformation.	Carbohydrates	94-107	apolipoprotein H	Homo sapiens	62-70
31448653-12	2019	Moreover, the addition or loss of carbohydrate chains affects beta2GPI immunoreactivity since carbohydrates are determining factors for beta2GPI conformation.	Carbohydrates	94-107	apolipoprotein H	Homo sapiens	136-144
2561054-5	1989	Evidence is presented that both forms of gp120 bind to the macrophage surface by multiple interactions in addition to CD4 binding, and that among these interactions is a carbohydrate-mediated binding to the endocytosis receptor.	Carbohydrates	170-182	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	41-46
2590192-3	1989	The major portion of LGP 96 resides on the luminal side of the lysosome and bears a large number of N-linked heavily sialylated complex type carbohydrate chains, giving the mature molecule of 96 kDa.	Carbohydrates	141-153	lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	21-27
31593486-1	2019	Introduction: Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) - oral antihyperglycemic drugs, inhibit upper gastrointestinal enzymes that break down complex carbohydrates into glucose.	Carbohydrates	145-158	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	14-31
31803745-4	2019	Consequently, the therapeutic potency of a heparin is determined by its aIIa activity, i.e., the concentration of a domain in which 12 sugar flank the high affinity antithrombin-binding pentasaccharide (HA5) at one side.	Carbohydrates	135-140	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	165-177
2558593-7	1989	The purification procedure also provides highly purified beta-galactosidase suitable for removing beta-galactosidase residues from a variety of complex carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	152-165	galactosidase beta 1	Bos taurus	57-75
31478326-7	2019	Further gene-diet interactions were reported for, eg, a western dietary pattern with a T2D-GRS, fat and carbohydrate with IRS1 rs2943641, and heme iron with variants of HFE.	Carbohydrates	104-116	insulin receptor substrate 1	Homo sapiens	122-126
2558593-7	1989	The purification procedure also provides highly purified beta-galactosidase suitable for removing beta-galactosidase residues from a variety of complex carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	152-165	galactosidase beta 1	Bos taurus	98-116
2808371-1	1989	Erythrocyte protein 4.1 is a cytoplasmic protein that possesses a protein-saccharide modification structure, an O-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety.	Carbohydrates	74-84	erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1	Bos taurus	12-23
31368495-1	2019	LysM receptor-like kinase CERK1 is a co-receptor essential for plant immune responses against carbohydrate microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs).	Carbohydrates	94-106	chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	26-31
31655603-0	2019	Effects of supplementing with an 18% carbohydrate-hydrogel drink versus a placebo during whole-body exercise in -5  C with elite cross-country ski athletes: a crossover study.	Carbohydrates	37-49	SKI proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	143-146
2766300-1	1989	We have investigated the biosynthesis and carbohydrate structure of fibronectin secreted by two rat colon carcinoma cell lines.	Carbohydrates	42-54	fibronectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-79
31404793-3	2019	alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors are known to reduce the impact of carbohydrates on blood glucose level and prevent the digestion of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	63-76	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	0-17
31404793-3	2019	alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors are known to reduce the impact of carbohydrates on blood glucose level and prevent the digestion of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	129-142	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	0-17
2476488-5	1989	In addition, it is shown that carbohydrate moieties are contributing to the epitopes recognized by both the anti-180-kDa UCHL1 and the anti-220/205/190-kDa mAb.	Carbohydrates	30-42	ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1	Homo sapiens	121-126
30843264-0	2019	A C-type lectin with a single carbohydrate-recognition domain involved in the innate immune response of Tribolium castaneum.	Carbohydrates	30-42	C-type lectin	Tribolium castaneum	2-15
2532304-8	1989	We also found that poly[N-acetyl-lactosamine]-type sugar chains are more abundant on B cells than on lpr T cells, and that the molecular weights and the carbohydrate moieties of CD45R antigens on lpr T cells are different from those of CD45R antigens on +/+ spleen B cells.	Carbohydrates	153-165	protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, C	Mus musculus	178-183
2818566-12	1989	High concentrations of saccharides of Mr 1700-5400 exhibited a size-dependent acceleration of thrombin inhibition, not through their interaction with antithrombin, but through their interaction with heparin cofactor II.	Carbohydrates	23-34	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	150-162
31569409-3	2019	Structural variations involved the sugar stereochemistry and size as well as the anchoring point of the NHI on the carbohydrate frame (either C-1 or C-6).	Carbohydrates	115-127	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C	Homo sapiens	142-145
2510149-4	1989	The results of these analyses are: (i) variants with carbohydrate-depleted kringle domains possessed higher specific activities than wild-type t-PA; (ii) a cleavage site variant substituted at Arg275 with Gly had greatly reduced specific activity; (iii) two variants substituted at Lys277 exhibited altered interactions with PAI-2; (iv) the variant with a truncated C-terminus had reduced activity in the absence of fibrin; and (v) no variants had significantly altered half-lives.	Carbohydrates	53-65	serpin family B member 2	Homo sapiens	325-330
2525914-4	1989	Consistent with its supposed role in the control of carbohydrate metabolism, amylin mRNA was also found in the stomach.	Carbohydrates	52-64	islet amyloid polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	77-83
31358770-3	2019	Here, we discovers an endoplasmic reticulum-residential protein, Nogo-B, as a highly expressed metabolic modulator in both murine and human NAFLD-associated HCCs, which accelerates high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet-induced metabolic dysfunction and tumorigenicity.	Carbohydrates	196-208	reticulon 4	Mus musculus	65-71
2678346-2	1989	It slows the absorption kinetics of dietary carbohydrates by reversible competitive inhibition of alpha-glucosidase activity, and so reduces the post-prandial blood glucose increment and insulin response.	Carbohydrates	44-57	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	98-115
31105061-3	2019	Here we show that synthetic antigens mimicking the carbohydrate moiety of GD2 or GD3 gangliosides can be used as vaccines to activate a selective humoral and cellular immunity that is therapeutic against several cancers expressing GD2 or GD3.	Carbohydrates	51-63	GRDX	Homo sapiens	81-84
31323554-6	2019	Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) analysis suggested that the degradation of lipids, protein and carbohydrates was the highest in GAC amended reactor, followed by magnetite and control reactors.	Carbohydrates	102-115	glutaminase	Homo sapiens	135-138
31105061-3	2019	Here we show that synthetic antigens mimicking the carbohydrate moiety of GD2 or GD3 gangliosides can be used as vaccines to activate a selective humoral and cellular immunity that is therapeutic against several cancers expressing GD2 or GD3.	Carbohydrates	51-63	GRDX	Homo sapiens	238-241
2473955-9	1989	The specificity of M371 was shown to differ from that of the antibodies CT1 and CT2, which identify a carbohydrate determinant of CD45 expressed on cytotoxic lymphocytes and IEL.	Carbohydrates	102-114	protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, C	Mus musculus	130-134
31311846-3	2019	Here, we demonstrated that the carbohydrate-binding protein galectin-3 stimulated microenvironment remodeling in the cornea by promoting the paracrine action of secreted interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta).	Carbohydrates	31-43	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	189-197
31798704-2	2019	The mechanism of action of pioglitazone is through the activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), which results in enhanced insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues and the liver, causing a reduction in the production and output of liver sugar.	Carbohydrates	265-270	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	73-115
31798704-2	2019	The mechanism of action of pioglitazone is through the activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), which results in enhanced insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues and the liver, causing a reduction in the production and output of liver sugar.	Carbohydrates	265-270	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	117-121
2566398-1	1989	Lectin affinity chromatography of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT,EC 2.3.2.2) is able to detect differences in the carbohydrate moiety of the enzyme.	Carbohydrates	115-127	gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3	Homo sapiens	62-65
31712130-6	2019	In the TOR pathway, LST8 homolog (mLST8) expression in the high lipid group was downregulated, and the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) expression in the high carbohydrate group was downregulated and eIF4E expression was upregulated.	Carbohydrates	165-177	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR	Lates calcarifer	103-134
31712130-6	2019	In the TOR pathway, LST8 homolog (mLST8) expression in the high lipid group was downregulated, and the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) expression in the high carbohydrate group was downregulated and eIF4E expression was upregulated.	Carbohydrates	165-177	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR	Lates calcarifer	136-140
31712130-7	2019	The C-reactive protein (CRP) expression in the high lipid and high carbohydrate groups was upregulated.	Carbohydrates	67-79	pentraxin fusion protein-like	Lates calcarifer	4-22
31712130-7	2019	The C-reactive protein (CRP) expression in the high lipid and high carbohydrate groups was upregulated.	Carbohydrates	67-79	pentraxin fusion protein-like	Lates calcarifer	24-27
31006592-5	2019	At the molecular level, HIF1alpha, a central regulator of glycolysis during hypoxia, is selectively activated in a time-dependent manner upon exercise, resulting in carbohydrate exhaustion, usage of alternative energy sources, and adaptation of systemic energy expenditure.	Carbohydrates	165-177	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	24-33
31096073-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is a component of breast milk that consists of glycosylated membrane-bound proteins, polar lipids and carbohydrates originating from the mammary gland plasma membrane.	Carbohydrates	147-160	milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	39-43
2658813-4	1989	Another newly-introduced tumor marker, the CA54/61 antigen, which is specific for ovarian cancers, seems to belong to the family of the core-structure-associated antigens, since both antibodies (MA54 and MA61) used for the detection of the CA54/61 antigen are shown to recognize the antigen molecule which is closely related to sialyl Tn antigen, the well-known carbohydrate core structure of mucins.	Carbohydrates	362-374	collagen type IV alpha 5 chain	Homo sapiens	43-47
30974146-0	2019	Disruption of ESR1 alters the expression of genes regulating hepatic lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in male rats.	Carbohydrates	79-91	estrogen receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
31608463-3	2019	SMBT and SMRT contain organic acids and carbohydrates and their spectroscopic signals and thermograms were similar, but the SMBT yield was higher.	Carbohydrates	40-53	nuclear receptor co-repressor 2	Mus musculus	9-13
2918403-6	1989	The abundance of PEPCK mRNA in chicken kidney increases during starvation and is rapidly decreased after refeeding carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	115-127	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Gallus gallus	17-22
31206498-5	2019	RESULTS: The rates and absolute contribution of exogenous carbohydrate oxidation was significantly lower at HA compared with sea level (ES&gt;0.99, P&lt;0.024), with the relative exogenous carbohydrate contribution approaching significance (32.6+-6.1 vs. 36.0+-6.1%, ES=0.56, P=0.059) during the second hour of exercise.	Carbohydrates	58-70	S13 erythroblastosis (avian) oncogene homolog	Homo sapiens	125-128
31628258-2	2019	During this process, the free sugar content of the serum was significantly decreased as well, accommodating enhanced PNGase F mediated release of the N-linked carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	30-35	N-glycanase 1	Homo sapiens	117-123
31628258-2	2019	During this process, the free sugar content of the serum was significantly decreased as well, accommodating enhanced PNGase F mediated release of the N-linked carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	159-172	N-glycanase 1	Homo sapiens	117-123
31630079-5	2019	Interestingly, these in vitro Gal-1 effects were associated with Gal-1 carbohydrate-binding activity and the ability to decrease FPR-1 (formyl peptide receptor 1) expression in naive human neutrophils.	Carbohydrates	71-83	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	30-35
30861451-0	2019	Ferulic acid esterase-producing lactic acid bacteria and cellulase pretreatments of corn stalk silage at two different temperatures: Ensiling characteristics, carbohydrates composition and enzymatic saccharification.	Carbohydrates	159-172	Acetylajmalan esterase	Zea mays	13-21
31191327-3	2019	In particular, we will summarize knowledge about some of the best-characterized lncRNAs, such as H19 and MALAT1, and how they regulate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism as well as protein synthesis and degradation.	Carbohydrates	135-147	metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1	Homo sapiens	105-111
2551603-3	1989	Immunoprecipitation tests suggest that the HB4 epitope may be a heat-stable carbohydrate determinant on a high molecular mass molecule.	Carbohydrates	76-88	keratin 84	Homo sapiens	43-46
32904099-0	2019	Synthesis of new lophine-carbohydrate hybrids as cholinesterase inhibitors: cytotoxicity evaluation and molecular modeling.	Carbohydrates	25-37	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	49-63
31554421-8	2019	However, carbohydrate, when replacing fat, increased the fractional catabolic rate of ApoA1 and ApoA2 on alpha3 HDL; ApoE on alpha3 and alpha1 HDL; and ApoM on alpha2 HDL.	Carbohydrates	9-21	apolipoprotein A2	Homo sapiens	96-101
31554421-9	2019	Additionally, carbohydrate increased the production of ApoC3 on alpha3 HDL and ApoJ and ApoL1 on the largest alpha0 HDL.	Carbohydrates	14-26	apolipoprotein C3	Homo sapiens	55-60
31554073-8	2019	The metabolism of carbohydrates was examined on the expression of glycolysis-related genes (hexokinase 2 (HK2); 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase 4 (PFKFB4); facilitated glucose transporter member 1 (SLC2A1 (Glut1)) and lactate dehydrogenase A and utilization of glucose in the hepatocytes with durian treatment.	Carbohydrates	18-31	6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 4	Homo sapiens	140-146
2492635-6	1989	The carbohydrate side-chains are essential for the stability of fibroblast PS beta G, because PS beta G synthesis in these fibroblasts could not be detected in the presence of tunicamycin, a protein glycosylation inhibitor which did not affect PS beta G mRNA expression.	Carbohydrates	4-16	protein S (beta) pseudogene	Homo sapiens	75-82
31666589-1	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) is a surface glycoprotein that can degrade glucagon like pepetide-1 (GLP-1) by decreasing blood sugar.	Carbohydrates	129-134	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	0-23
31666589-1	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) is a surface glycoprotein that can degrade glucagon like pepetide-1 (GLP-1) by decreasing blood sugar.	Carbohydrates	129-134	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	25-31
30993977-7	2019	Given the convenience for achieving multiplexed encoding and decoding, through fluorescence signals alone or together with filter beacon sequences, the filter beacon architecture should permit comprehensive imaging of diverse-structured carbohydrates on a given glycoprotein.	Carbohydrates	237-250	ubiquitin like 5	Homo sapiens	130-136
30993977-7	2019	Given the convenience for achieving multiplexed encoding and decoding, through fluorescence signals alone or together with filter beacon sequences, the filter beacon architecture should permit comprehensive imaging of diverse-structured carbohydrates on a given glycoprotein.	Carbohydrates	237-250	ubiquitin like 5	Homo sapiens	159-165
2492635-6	1989	The carbohydrate side-chains are essential for the stability of fibroblast PS beta G, because PS beta G synthesis in these fibroblasts could not be detected in the presence of tunicamycin, a protein glycosylation inhibitor which did not affect PS beta G mRNA expression.	Carbohydrates	4-16	protein S (beta) pseudogene	Homo sapiens	94-101
31016494-2	2019	Recently, convincing evidences on the involvement of T1R3 in the control of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and the control of incretin and insulin production were obtained.	Carbohydrates	76-88	taste receptor, type 1, member 3	Mus musculus	53-57
31622411-18	2019	The FTO rs9939609 AA subjects had higher carbohydrate and lower fat intake.	Carbohydrates	41-53	FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	4-7
2492635-6	1989	The carbohydrate side-chains are essential for the stability of fibroblast PS beta G, because PS beta G synthesis in these fibroblasts could not be detected in the presence of tunicamycin, a protein glycosylation inhibitor which did not affect PS beta G mRNA expression.	Carbohydrates	4-16	protein S (beta) pseudogene	Homo sapiens	94-101
3242809-0	1988	Carbohydrate components for modified anthracyclines: synthesis of derivatives of 3-amino-3,4,6-trideoxy-L-lyxo- and -L-xylo-hexose, and attempts at fluorination of C-2.	Carbohydrates	0-12	complement C2	Homo sapiens	164-167
31649670-8	2019	Detection with anti-CD1d-alpha-GalCer mAbs indicates that the interface of the beta-ManCer-CD1d complex exposed to the iNKT cell TCR can assume a structure like that of CD1d-alpha-GalCer, despite its disparate carbohydrate structure.	Carbohydrates	210-222	CD1d molecule	Homo sapiens	20-24
31649670-8	2019	Detection with anti-CD1d-alpha-GalCer mAbs indicates that the interface of the beta-ManCer-CD1d complex exposed to the iNKT cell TCR can assume a structure like that of CD1d-alpha-GalCer, despite its disparate carbohydrate structure.	Carbohydrates	210-222	CD1d molecule	Homo sapiens	91-95
30904385-3	2019	RORalpha full body knockout mice display improved metabolic phenotypes on both chow and high fat (60% fat, 20% carbohydrate) diets, but also have severe behavioral abnormalities.	Carbohydrates	111-123	RAR-related orphan receptor alpha	Mus musculus	0-8
31649670-8	2019	Detection with anti-CD1d-alpha-GalCer mAbs indicates that the interface of the beta-ManCer-CD1d complex exposed to the iNKT cell TCR can assume a structure like that of CD1d-alpha-GalCer, despite its disparate carbohydrate structure.	Carbohydrates	210-222	CD1d molecule	Homo sapiens	91-95
3149525-1	1988	The carbohydrate antigens associated with the human ABO and Lewis blood group systems are excellent models for the study of the genetic regulation of glycoconjugate biosynthesis because their expression on erythrocytes and in saliva has been thoroughly investigated in terms of classical genetics and the chemical structures and pathways for the formation of the antigens are now well understood.	Carbohydrates	4-16	fucosyltransferase 3 (Lewis blood group)	Homo sapiens	60-77
31602424-2	2019	Hyaluronan (HA) is a glycosaminoglycan, found in the extracellular matrix, which is synthesized by HA synthases (Has1/Has2/Has3) from sugar precursors and accumulates in diabetic conditions.	Carbohydrates	134-139	hyaluronan synthase 1	Mus musculus	113-117
2851193-1	1988	Modification of the carbohydrate structures of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) can increase or decrease its rate of clearance in rabbits.	Carbohydrates	20-32	tissue-type plasminogen activator	Oryctolagus cuniculus	59-92
30962486-1	2019	Chitin-glucan (CG) represents a natural carbohydrate source for certain microbial inhabitants of the human gut and may act as a prebiotic for a number of bacterial taxa.	Carbohydrates	40-52	cathepsin G	Homo sapiens	0-13
30962486-1	2019	Chitin-glucan (CG) represents a natural carbohydrate source for certain microbial inhabitants of the human gut and may act as a prebiotic for a number of bacterial taxa.	Carbohydrates	40-52	cathepsin G	Homo sapiens	15-17
31254933-7	2019	ENG-scFv-iLPs enabled efficient targeting delivery of alpha1,3 GT plasmid to ENG + tumors neovascular endothelial cells (TnECs), promoted endosomal/lysosomal escape due to the pH-sensitive ability, then synthesized carbohydrate epitope alphaGal on the surface of these cells to achieve the purpose of destroying the tumor.	Carbohydrates	215-227	endoglin	Mus musculus	0-3
31485626-0	2019	Overexpression of PTEN may increase the effect of pemetrexed on A549 cells via inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	123-135	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Homo sapiens	18-22
31485626-7	2019	The present findings suggested that treatment with pemetrexed may exhibit synergistic effects with PTEN on lung cancer cells via the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and through carbohydrate metabolism, and treatment with pemetrexed combined with PTEN overexpression may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NSCLC.	Carbohydrates	195-207	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Homo sapiens	99-103
3196789-4	1988	The HMWG was resistant to Pronase and peptide: N-glycanase F. Only endo-beta-galactosidase and harsh alkaline reducing conditions were successful in dissociating carbohydrate from the protein core, suggesting that carbohydrate chains are N-linked to Asn and contain beta-galactosidic linkages.	Carbohydrates	162-174	galactosidase beta 1	Bos taurus	72-90
31414099-0	2019	A study towards drug discovery for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus through inhibition of the carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase by chalcone derivatives.	Carbohydrates	104-116	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	155-172
31414099-1	2019	The inhibition of carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes, alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase, is one of the major therapeutic strategies for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Carbohydrates	18-30	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	70-87
3196789-4	1988	The HMWG was resistant to Pronase and peptide: N-glycanase F. Only endo-beta-galactosidase and harsh alkaline reducing conditions were successful in dissociating carbohydrate from the protein core, suggesting that carbohydrate chains are N-linked to Asn and contain beta-galactosidic linkages.	Carbohydrates	214-226	galactosidase beta 1	Bos taurus	72-90
31384800-2	2019	alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors, such as acarbose, delay the hydrolysis of carbohydrates by interfering with the digestive enzymes.	Carbohydrates	72-85	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	0-17
2457603-0	1988	Monoclonal IgM in two patients with motor neuron disease bind to the carbohydrate antigens Gal(beta 1-3)GalNAc and Gal(beta 1-3)GlcNAc.	Carbohydrates	69-81	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 beta 2 pseudogene 2	Homo sapiens	95-103
31280277-12	2019	Higher protein intake was accompanied with higher CRP and ESR and higher carbohydrate intake was related to higher CRP and lower nesfatin-1.	Carbohydrates	73-85	nucleobindin 2	Homo sapiens	129-139
31426466-7	2019	XBP1s is a key transcription factor, however, XBP1s nuclear translocation and the expression of its target genes were reduced in the liver of the carbohydrate-fed mothers, and specifically diminished in the fetal liver and placenta in the fructose-fed mothers.	Carbohydrates	146-158	X-box binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
31426466-7	2019	XBP1s is a key transcription factor, however, XBP1s nuclear translocation and the expression of its target genes were reduced in the liver of the carbohydrate-fed mothers, and specifically diminished in the fetal liver and placenta in the fructose-fed mothers.	Carbohydrates	146-158	X-box binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	46-50
2457603-0	1988	Monoclonal IgM in two patients with motor neuron disease bind to the carbohydrate antigens Gal(beta 1-3)GalNAc and Gal(beta 1-3)GlcNAc.	Carbohydrates	69-81	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 beta 2 pseudogene 2	Homo sapiens	119-127
2463843-2	1988	We therefore investigated the inhibition of boar sperm acrosin amidase activity by carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	83-96	acrosin	Homo sapiens	55-62
31185390-1	2019	In our pursuit to develop novel non-carbohydrate small molecule Galectin-1 Inhibitors, we have designed a series of 1-benzyl-1H-benzimidazole derivatives and demonstrated their anticancer activity.	Carbohydrates	36-48	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	64-74
30599411-4	2019	Consequently, alpha glucosidase is one of the potential therapeutic approaches that reduce absorption of glucose and delay carbohydrate digestion hence maintaining blood glucose level.	Carbohydrates	123-135	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	14-31
2463843-6	1988	It was previously shown that sulfated polysaccharides inhibit sperm-egg binding and that acrosin binds carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	103-115	acrosin	Homo sapiens	89-96
2847818-5	1988	It was demonstrated that the specific binding of CP to erythrocyte receptors is determined by its interaction with two structural sites of the carbohydrate moiety of the CP molecule, i.e., the terminal residues of sialic acids and a site, (formula; see text) located at a large distance from the chain terminus.	Carbohydrates	143-155	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	49-51
30784908-10	2019	Gene expressions of key carbohydrate metabolic enzymes/factors glucokinase, glucose transporter protein (GLUT-2) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) were also normalized up on AMAF treatment in diabetic rats.	Carbohydrates	24-36	solute carrier family 2 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	105-111
30756292-10	2019	Because the intrinsic activity of PEPC was not affected, the restricted availability of storage carbohydrates such as starch was likely to cause these adverse effects under red light.	Carbohydrates	96-109	peptidase C	Homo sapiens	34-38
2847818-5	1988	It was demonstrated that the specific binding of CP to erythrocyte receptors is determined by its interaction with two structural sites of the carbohydrate moiety of the CP molecule, i.e., the terminal residues of sialic acids and a site, (formula; see text) located at a large distance from the chain terminus.	Carbohydrates	143-155	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	170-172
3138980-9	1988	The results suggest that, besides the carbohydrate content, the protein moiety of the enzyme also plays a significant role in the Con A-DAO interaction.	Carbohydrates	38-50	amine oxidase copper containing 1	Sus scrofa	136-139
31269957-4	2019	Here we investigate whether CathL acts by inducing local production of the carbohydrate-binding protein galectin-1 (Gal1), which has been reported to be involved in tumourigenesis in other tumours.	Carbohydrates	75-87	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	104-114
31269957-4	2019	Here we investigate whether CathL acts by inducing local production of the carbohydrate-binding protein galectin-1 (Gal1), which has been reported to be involved in tumourigenesis in other tumours.	Carbohydrates	75-87	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	116-120
30853267-6	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Based on our findings, heat preconditioning and HSP70 induction in rats with type 1 diabetes attenuates STZ-induced metabolic alterations in hepatic carbohydrate metabolism and oxidative states.	Carbohydrates	162-174	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	61-66
30565681-3	2019	PPARalpha is a transcription factor involved in the control of lipid, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	70-82	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9
30413271-4	2019	Here we discuss advanced strategies of chemo-enzymatic carbohydrate synthesis for creating lead glycomimetics and (neo-)glycoconjugates for galectin-1 and -3 targeting in biomedicine and biotechnology.	Carbohydrates	55-67	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	140-157
30701557-1	2019	STT3A-CDG (OMIM# 615596) is an autosomal recessive N-linked glycosylation disorder characterized by seizures, developmental delay, intellectual disability, and a type I carbohydrate deficient transferrin pattern.	Carbohydrates	169-181	STT3 oligosaccharyltransferase complex catalytic subunit A	Homo sapiens	0-5
30936009-4	2019	The Roman spectra, FT-IR and NMR analysis showed that the typical features of carbohydrates, such as alpha-Araf, alpha-Gly, beta-Galp, alpha-GalpA and beta-Gly was contained by MRP-1.	Carbohydrates	78-91	prolactin family 2, subfamily c, member 2	Mus musculus	177-182
2847350-2	1988	Endocytosis in liver endothelial cells of the native carbohydrate variants of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and tPA inactivated by diisopropyl fluorophosphate was found to be competitive, suggesting that the determinant being recognized by these cells is different from the active site.	Carbohydrates	53-65	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Rattus norvegicus	78-106
30739603-3	2019	A generalized linear regression model adjusted for age was performed to assess the relationship of stress, fat, and carbohydrate intakes with PBF.	Carbohydrates	116-128	zinc finger protein 395	Homo sapiens	142-145
30739603-4	2019	PBF had a significant positive association with stress level (p = .02) and carbohydrate intake (p = .008); fat intake was not significantly associated (p = .8).	Carbohydrates	75-87	zinc finger protein 395	Homo sapiens	0-3
30739603-6	2019	We conclude that PBF has a positive association with stress and dietary carbohydrate; women with higher stress and carbohydrate intake are more likely to accumulate higher body fat as compared to women with less stress and low carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	72-84	zinc finger protein 395	Homo sapiens	17-20
2847350-2	1988	Endocytosis in liver endothelial cells of the native carbohydrate variants of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and tPA inactivated by diisopropyl fluorophosphate was found to be competitive, suggesting that the determinant being recognized by these cells is different from the active site.	Carbohydrates	53-65	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Rattus norvegicus	108-111
30739603-6	2019	We conclude that PBF has a positive association with stress and dietary carbohydrate; women with higher stress and carbohydrate intake are more likely to accumulate higher body fat as compared to women with less stress and low carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	115-127	zinc finger protein 395	Homo sapiens	17-20
30739603-6	2019	We conclude that PBF has a positive association with stress and dietary carbohydrate; women with higher stress and carbohydrate intake are more likely to accumulate higher body fat as compared to women with less stress and low carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	115-127	zinc finger protein 395	Homo sapiens	17-20
31447604-4	2019	This review study aimed to investigate the effect of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene in the association between dietary carbohydrates and cancer.	Carbohydrates	131-144	FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	86-89
31447604-8	2019	Dietary carbohydrate may influence the FTO gene expression by eliminating the inhibitory effect of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) on the FTO gene expression.	Carbohydrates	8-20	FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	39-42
2847350-2	1988	Endocytosis in liver endothelial cells of the native carbohydrate variants of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and tPA inactivated by diisopropyl fluorophosphate was found to be competitive, suggesting that the determinant being recognized by these cells is different from the active site.	Carbohydrates	53-65	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Rattus norvegicus	118-121
31447604-8	2019	Dietary carbohydrate may influence the FTO gene expression by eliminating the inhibitory effect of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) on the FTO gene expression.	Carbohydrates	8-20	FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	162-165
2847350-5	1988	Reduced endocytosis by liver endothelial cells was observed with tPA modified in the carbohydrate side chains, suggesting that these structures are important for uptake.	Carbohydrates	85-97	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Rattus norvegicus	65-68
3383434-0	1988	The carbohydrate composition of human serum amyloid P component.	Carbohydrates	4-16	amyloid P component, serum	Homo sapiens	38-63
30502327-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) may take part in the epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) malignant process because it is elevated in the serum of EOC patients, suggesting that HSP27 may serve as an EOC biomarker to complement the standard serum carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) test.	Carbohydrates	251-263	heat shock protein family B (small) member 1	Homo sapiens	35-40
30502327-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) may take part in the epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) malignant process because it is elevated in the serum of EOC patients, suggesting that HSP27 may serve as an EOC biomarker to complement the standard serum carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) test.	Carbohydrates	251-263	heat shock protein family B (small) member 1	Homo sapiens	182-187
30515752-11	2019	Overall, AOM/DSS enriched for microbiota impacting immune system diseases and metabolic functions, and lack of ERbeta in combination with AOM/DSS enriched for microbiota impacting carbohydrate metabolism and cell motility, while reducing those impacting the endocrine system.	Carbohydrates	180-192	estrogen receptor 1 (alpha)	Mus musculus	111-117
3383434-1	1988	The carbohydrate moiety of human serum amyloid P component was analyzed and found to consist of equal amounts of galactose and mannose (total 4.0%), of glucosamine and galactosamine in a ratio of 7:1 (total 2.7%) and sialic acid (3.9%).	Carbohydrates	4-16	amyloid P component, serum	Homo sapiens	33-58
2833117-9	1988	It was concluded that lactoferrin in milk may function in the process of iron absorption through interaction with a small intestinal receptor and that fucosylated glycans on the carbohydrate chain of lactoferrin are necessary for receptor recognition.	Carbohydrates	178-190	lactotransferrin	Bos taurus	200-211
30671521-0	2019	Liver transcriptome data of Esr1 knockout male rats reveals altered expression of genes involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	100-112	estrogen receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-32
30671521-9	2019	These differentially expressed genes and their potential roles were further examined in a companion manuscript, "Disruption of ESR1 alters the expression of genes regulating hepatic lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in male rats" (Khristi et al., 2018).	Carbohydrates	192-204	estrogen receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	127-131
31456521-12	2019	Through glucosuria, SGLT2 inhibitors reduce body weight and body fat, and shift substrate utilisation from carbohydrates to lipids and, possibly, ketone bodies.	Carbohydrates	107-120	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	20-25
3346233-8	1988	After Triton solubilization, the endomannosidase was observed to be bound to immobilized wheat germ agglutinin, indicating the presence of a type of carbohydrate unit consistent with Golgi localization of the enzyme.	Carbohydrates	149-161	mannosidase endo-alpha	Homo sapiens	33-48
3346233-11	1988	The results of our study suggest that the Golgi endomannosidase takes part in a processing route for N-linked oligosaccharides which have retained glucose beyond the rough endoplasmic reticulum; the distinctive nature of this pathway may influence the ultimate structure of the resulting carbohydrate units.	Carbohydrates	288-300	mannosidase endo-alpha	Homo sapiens	48-63
31619650-4	2019	However, long-term carbohydrate restriction in mice was reported to have a negative effect on the cardiovascular system, with shortening of lifespan due to activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR).	Carbohydrates	19-31	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Mus musculus	170-201
31619650-4	2019	However, long-term carbohydrate restriction in mice was reported to have a negative effect on the cardiovascular system, with shortening of lifespan due to activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR).	Carbohydrates	19-31	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Mus musculus	203-207
3281975-9	1988	Although anti-C carbohydrate antibody in human sera mostly belonged to the IgG2 subclass, there was anti-C carbohydrate antibody that belonged to the IgG3 subclass in a certain percentage of patients with rheumatic fever and acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis.	Carbohydrates	107-119	immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 3 (G3m marker)	Homo sapiens	150-154
2448317-4	1988	When isolated from brain, both cytotactin and CTB proteoglycan contain the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope.	Carbohydrates	81-93	tenascin C	Gallus gallus	31-41
30933732-0	2019	The association of dietary carbohydrate with FTO gene expression in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue of adults without diabetes.	Carbohydrates	27-39	FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	45-48
30933732-1	2019	OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of dietary carbohydrates with fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) expression in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue.	Carbohydrates	87-100	FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	144-147
30933732-6	2019	After adjusting for age and sex, total carbohydrate intake was inversely associated with FTO gene expression in subcutaneous (beta = -0.403; P = 0.003) adipose tissues among obese participants.	Carbohydrates	39-51	FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	89-92
3257508-5	1988	The polydisperse nature of the electrophoretic pattern of the CD37 antigen was found to be due to a microheterogeneity in its carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	126-138	CD37 molecule	Homo sapiens	62-66
30327107-3	2018	Because SBA binds to the galactose residue that exists at the terminals of the carbohydrate chains in ASF, the target protein was accumulated on the protein magnetic beads.	Carbohydrates	79-91	lectin	Glycine max	8-11
30327107-6	2018	Next, human myeloid leukemia cells (K562 cell) were measured using the peptide and the carbohydrate chains on the cell surface that recognize SBA.	Carbohydrates	87-99	lectin	Glycine max	142-145
2450314-0	1987	Integrin, the cell surface receptor for fibronectin and laminin, expresses the L2/HNK-1 and L3 carbohydrate structures shared by adhesion molecules.	Carbohydrates	95-107	fibronectin 1	Gallus gallus	40-51
2450314-1	1987	On the basis of recent evidence that the carbohydrate structures designated L2/HNK-1 and L3 are shared by several neural adhesion molecules including L1, N-CAM, the myelin-associated glycoprotein and J1, we have suggested that other members of the L2/HNK-1 and L3 families are adhesion molecules.	Carbohydrates	41-53	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Gallus gallus	154-159
30291838-4	2018	We demonstrate that the human laforin protein behaves aberrantly when subjected to Size Exclusion Chromotography (SEC) analysis due to interaction with the carbohydrate-based matrix.	Carbohydrates	156-168	EPM2A glucan phosphatase, laforin	Homo sapiens	30-37
16665784-5	1987	As this HRGP was unusually rich in threonine, (25 mole%) we designated it as a threonine-hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein (THRGP); it contained about 27% carbohydrate occurring exclusively as arabinosylated Hyp, predominantly as the monosaccharide (15%), and trisaccharide (25%) with 48% Hyp nonglycosylated-a characteristically graminaceous monocot profile.	Carbohydrates	154-166	uncharacterized protein LOC100384565	Zea mays	8-12
30701799-10	2018	So the value of the square VAT determined higher concentrations of leptin, TNF-alpha in adipocytes and serum, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and a lower content of soluble receptor for leptin.	Carbohydrates	120-132	leptin	Homo sapiens	67-73
3301851-13	1987	In conclusion, GnRH stimulates carbohydrate incorporation and processing of the oligosaccharide residues giving the highest biological potent rLH molecule and also increases sulfation; this step is closely related to the step limiting the appearance of LH in the medium in the absence of GnRH.	Carbohydrates	31-43	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-19
30340901-0	2018	Design, synthesis, cholinesterase inhibition and molecular modelling study of novel tacrine hybrids with carbohydrate derivatives.	Carbohydrates	105-117	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	19-33
3301851-13	1987	In conclusion, GnRH stimulates carbohydrate incorporation and processing of the oligosaccharide residues giving the highest biological potent rLH molecule and also increases sulfation; this step is closely related to the step limiting the appearance of LH in the medium in the absence of GnRH.	Carbohydrates	31-43	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Rattus norvegicus	288-292
30397537-7	2018	Methods: Carbohydrate digestion by intestinal disaccharidases (sucrase-isomaltase and maltase-glucoamylase) was evaluated ex vivo in mice gavaged with 1 or 4 doses of PVF.	Carbohydrates	9-21	sucrase isomaltase (alpha-glucosidase)	Mus musculus	63-81
2444130-0	1987	Specific interaction of IgE antibodies with a carbohydrate epitope of honey bee venom phospholipase A2.	Carbohydrates	46-58	phospholipase A2	Apis mellifera	86-102
30459708-10	2018	Robust data displayed that these O-GlcNAc changes could lead to (i) a differential modulation of the carbohydrates metabolism, since the majority of enzymes are known to be O-GlcNAcylated, and to (ii) a differential modulation of the protein synthesis/degradation balance since O-GlcNAcylation regulates some key signaling pathways such as Akt/GSK3beta, Akt/mTOR, Myogenin/Atrogin-1, Myogenin/Mef2D, Mrf4 and PGC-1alpha in the skeletal muscle.	Carbohydrates	101-114	O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase	Homo sapiens	33-41
2442678-3	1987	This carbohydrate moiety is localized to the 65,000-dalton amino-terminal fragment of NCAM (previously designated Fr1), but is not present in the amino-terminal 25,000-dalton region of NCAM that contains the heparin-binding domain.	Carbohydrates	5-17	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Gallus gallus	86-90
2442678-5	1987	These data therefore suggest that the carbohydrate moiety recognized by L2 monoclonal antibody may be involved in the modulation of NCAM-mediated cell adhesion.	Carbohydrates	38-50	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Gallus gallus	132-136
29745030-1	2018	alpha-Glucosidase is known to catalyze the digestion of carbohydrates and release free glucose into the digestive tract.	Carbohydrates	56-69	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	0-17
3499177-0	1987	Role of carbohydrate in the function of human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.	Carbohydrates	8-20	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	46-94
3499177-7	1987	The role of carbohydrate in the secretion and function of hGM-CSF is discussed.	Carbohydrates	12-24	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	58-65
3611196-12	1987	DGII/III, but not DGI, underwent a proteolytic processing step, losing 10 kD of carbohydrate-free peptide, during transport to the cell surface suggesting a possible regulatory mechanism in desmosome assembly.	Carbohydrates	80-92	desmoglein 1	Bos taurus	0-3
29893663-7	2018	The A-allele of FTO-rs9939609 was associated with a -6 5 % (95 % CI -12 3, -0 4) decrease in the percentage of energy from protein and positively associated with the percentage of energy from carbohydrates before pregnancy (beta=2 6; 95 % CI 0 5, 4 8) and with a 13 3 % (95 % CI 0 7, 27 5) increase in the total energy intake during pregnancy.	Carbohydrates	192-205	FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	16-19
3112430-11	1987	Carbohydrates given alone, either intragastrically or intravenously, caused an elevation of lactase activity.	Carbohydrates	0-13	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	92-99
29994840-5	2018	Additionally, PCSK9 inhibitors may affect lipid variables beyond LDL cholesterol, carbohydrate variables, as well as they may affect brain and kidney function.	Carbohydrates	82-94	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9	Homo sapiens	14-19
29544682-3	2018	The growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) system, an important hormonal regulator of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, promotes neonatal growth and development.	Carbohydrates	114-126	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-52
29544682-3	2018	The growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) system, an important hormonal regulator of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, promotes neonatal growth and development.	Carbohydrates	114-126	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	54-59
30837012-2	2019	This study was to perform a meta-analysis evaluating the quantitative and dose-response associations between carbohydrate intake, GI and GL, and risk of digestive system cancers.	Carbohydrates	109-121	G protein subunit alpha i1	Homo sapiens	130-132
3553848-0	1987	The effect of short-term alpha-glucosidase inhibition on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in type II (noninsulin-dependent) diabetics.	Carbohydrates	57-69	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	25-42
30714432-9	2019	In addition to prolonged fasting, a high-fat diet and a high-carbohydrate (no-protein) diet caused modification of daily expression rhythms of the genes, with characteristic changes in profiles of glucoregulatory hormones such as corticosterone, glucagon, and insulin, as well as their modulators including ghrelin, leptin, resistin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1).	Carbohydrates	61-73	leptin	Mus musculus	316-322
30974084-6	2019	The microbiomes of low-AMY1-CN subjects had enhanced capacity to break down complex carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	84-97	amylase 1, salivary	Mus musculus	23-27
3553848-6	1987	In conclusion, inhibition of carbohydrate digestion with alpha-glucosidase inhibitors ameliorates many of the metabolic abnormalities in type II (noninsulin-dependent diabetics), suggesting that agents of this type can be of therapeutic value.	Carbohydrates	29-41	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	57-74
3040322-5	1987	Carbohydrate metabolism was evaluated by determining blood glucose, enzymes associated with glucose phosphorylation in the liver (glucokinase, hexokinase), glucose storage as glycogen and enzymatic delivery, glucose-6-phosphatase, and peripheral tissue by determining phosphorylating enzyme (hexokinase) and a key glycolytic enzyme (pyruvate kinase) and glycogen content in muscles.	Carbohydrates	0-12	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	208-229
31019978-4	2019	Likewise, DGAT2 also exerts a crucial role in integrating carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the liver.	Carbohydrates	58-70	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2	Rattus norvegicus	10-15
31819719-0	2018	Sugar-responsive transcription factor bZIP3 affects leaf shape in Arabidopsis plants.	Carbohydrates	0-5	basic leucine-zipper 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	38-43
31819719-5	2018	This study reports that the protein basic-region leucine zipper 3 (bZIP3) is a novel sugar-responsive transcription factor in Arabidopsis plants.	Carbohydrates	85-90	basic leucine-zipper 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	36-65
31819719-5	2018	This study reports that the protein basic-region leucine zipper 3 (bZIP3) is a novel sugar-responsive transcription factor in Arabidopsis plants.	Carbohydrates	85-90	basic leucine-zipper 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	67-72
3496105-7	1987	The carbohydrate content (sialic acid, sulphate groups, N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine) was also determined, and it shows that CSF is a glycoprotein.	Carbohydrates	4-16	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	139-142
31819719-6	2018	The expression of bZIP3 was rapidly repressed by sugar.	Carbohydrates	49-54	basic leucine-zipper 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	18-23
31819719-9	2018	These findings suggest that bZIP3 plays a role in plant responses to sugars and is also associated with leaf development.	Carbohydrates	69-75	basic leucine-zipper 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	28-33
29762371-1	2018	The final step of carbohydrate digestion in the intestine is performed by 2 major alpha-glucosidases of the intestinal mucosa, sucrase-isomaltase (SI) and maltase-glucoamylase.	Carbohydrates	18-30	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	127-145
30862943-1	2019	Previous studies using citrin/mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) dehydrogenase (mGPD) double-knockout mice have demonstrated that increased dietary protein reduces the extent of carbohydrate-induced hyperammonemia observed in these mice.	Carbohydrates	184-196	solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier, adenine nucleotide translocator), member 13	Mus musculus	23-29
3805123-11	1987	However, the 135-kD component of F11 antigen shares with G4 antigen and the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) the HNK-1/L2 carbohydrate epitope.	Carbohydrates	126-138	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Gallus gallus	76-105
30685086-0	2019	Structural basis of carbohydrate transfer activity of UDP-GalNAc: Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 7.	Carbohydrates	20-32	polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 7	Homo sapiens	54-113
30901066-3	2019	Galectin 1 (Gal 1), the first galectin isolated, is a noncovalent homodimeric protein with a 14 kDa monomer that contains one carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) and preferentially recognizes galactose-beta1-4-N-acetyl-glucosamine sequences on N- or O-linked glycans.	Carbohydrates	126-138	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
30901066-3	2019	Galectin 1 (Gal 1), the first galectin isolated, is a noncovalent homodimeric protein with a 14 kDa monomer that contains one carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) and preferentially recognizes galactose-beta1-4-N-acetyl-glucosamine sequences on N- or O-linked glycans.	Carbohydrates	126-138	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	12-17
29617665-5	2018	As a proof-of-concept example, we demonstrated that knockdown of SNAI1 or RUNX1-master regulators of carbohydrate metabolic subtypes-modulates metabolic activity and drug sensitivity.	Carbohydrates	101-113	RUNX family transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	74-79
29421697-2	2018	The inhibition of alpha-glucosidase, a key carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzyme, could serve as one of the effective methodology in both preventing and treating diabetes through controlling the postprandial glucose levels and suppressing postprandial hyperglycemia.	Carbohydrates	43-55	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	18-35
3805123-11	1987	However, the 135-kD component of F11 antigen shares with G4 antigen and the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) the HNK-1/L2 carbohydrate epitope.	Carbohydrates	126-138	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Gallus gallus	107-111
3032162-7	1987	The results indicate that the glycoprotein of rat hepatoma plasma membranes, which has an unusually high content of carbohydrate, is another membrane protein released by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, as documented for alkaline phosphatase, acetylcholinesterase and Thy-1 antigen.	Carbohydrates	116-128	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	257-277
29278834-2	2018	Simple carbohydrates, sugars, are sensed by the basic-helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factors ChREBP/Mondo, together with their heterodimerization partner Mlx, which are well-established activators of sugar-induced lipogenesis.	Carbohydrates	7-20	MAX-like protein X	Mus musculus	169-172
29186467-3	2018	The carbohydrate moiety of sulfatide and seminolipid is identical and synthesized by common enzymes: ceramide galactosyltransferase (CGT) and cerebroside sulfotransferase (CST).	Carbohydrates	4-16	UDP galactosyltransferase 8A	Mus musculus	101-131
29186467-3	2018	The carbohydrate moiety of sulfatide and seminolipid is identical and synthesized by common enzymes: ceramide galactosyltransferase (CGT) and cerebroside sulfotransferase (CST).	Carbohydrates	4-16	UDP galactosyltransferase 8A	Mus musculus	133-136
30563940-3	2019	We used a mouse model in which the LCAT gene is deleted and a truncated version of the SREBP1a gene is expressed in the liver under the control of a protein-rich/carbohydrate-low (PRCL) diet-regulated PEPCK promoter.	Carbohydrates	162-174	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	87-94
30363006-1	2019	PURPOSE: The short-term restriction of carbohydrate (CHO) can potentially influence iron regulation via modification of postexercise interleukin-6 (IL-6) and hepcidin levels.	Carbohydrates	39-51	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	158-166
3821720-9	1986	Studies on the biosynthesis of ASGP-1 indicate that carbohydrate is being added over nearly the entire period of transit of ASGP-1 from the site of polypeptide synthesis to the plasma membrane.	Carbohydrates	52-64	mucin 4, cell surface associated	Rattus norvegicus	31-37
30996794-1	2019	The development of PPARalpha/gamma dual or PPARalpha/gamma/delta pan-agonists could represent an efficacious approach for a simultaneous pharmacological intervention on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	169-181	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	19-28
30996794-1	2019	The development of PPARalpha/gamma dual or PPARalpha/gamma/delta pan-agonists could represent an efficacious approach for a simultaneous pharmacological intervention on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	169-181	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	43-52
29910582-5	2018	The objective of this article is to suggest a screening and management guide for carbohydrate metabolism disorders during and in the immediate follow-up of ACS in diabetic and nondiabetic patients.	Carbohydrates	81-93	1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase homolog (inactive)	Homo sapiens	156-159
3821720-9	1986	Studies on the biosynthesis of ASGP-1 indicate that carbohydrate is being added over nearly the entire period of transit of ASGP-1 from the site of polypeptide synthesis to the plasma membrane.	Carbohydrates	52-64	mucin 4, cell surface associated	Rattus norvegicus	124-130
3828488-2	1986	The saccharide binding properties of the lectin show that C-1, C-2, C-4, and C-6 hydroxyl groups of D-galactose are important loci for sugar binding.	Carbohydrates	4-14	complement C2	Homo sapiens	63-66
30508279-4	2019	It is found that Mox C/carbon nanotube (CNT) is highly selective in the cleavage of bonds between carbohydrates and lignin and ether bonds in lignin during the catalytic reductive fractionation of hardwood, leading to a carbohydrate (both cellulose and hemicellulose) retention degree in the solid product close to the theoretical maximum and a delignification degree as high as 98.1 %.	Carbohydrates	98-111	monooxygenase DBH like 1	Homo sapiens	17-20
30508279-4	2019	It is found that Mox C/carbon nanotube (CNT) is highly selective in the cleavage of bonds between carbohydrates and lignin and ether bonds in lignin during the catalytic reductive fractionation of hardwood, leading to a carbohydrate (both cellulose and hemicellulose) retention degree in the solid product close to the theoretical maximum and a delignification degree as high as 98.1 %.	Carbohydrates	98-110	monooxygenase DBH like 1	Homo sapiens	17-20
3828488-2	1986	The saccharide binding properties of the lectin show that C-1, C-2, C-4, and C-6 hydroxyl groups of D-galactose are important loci for sugar binding.	Carbohydrates	4-14	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	68-71
3536898-0	1986	Identification of the tryptophan residue located at the low-affinity saccharide binding site of ricin D. The saccharide binding ability of the low affinity (LA-) binding site of ricin D was abrogated by N-bromosuccinimide (NBS)-oxidation, while in the presence of lactose the number of tryptophan residues eventually oxidized decreased by 1 mol/mol and the saccharide binding ability was retained (Hatakeyama et al., (1986) J. Biochem.	Carbohydrates	69-79	nibrin	Homo sapiens	223-226
30399425-7	2019	The three of nine genes responded to carbohydrate changes, and the degree of the response was similar to Amylase gene.	Carbohydrates	37-49	Amylase proximal	Drosophila melanogaster	105-112
32812949-6	2019	Conclusion: In this study population, the FTO-risk allele associates with fasting reduced fat and increased carbohydrate oxidation.	Carbohydrates	108-120	FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	42-45
29113893-5	2018	We discuss the implications of these observations and rationalize the discrepancies in the apparent affinity of saccharide ligands for hITLN1 with different assay formats.	Carbohydrates	112-122	intelectin 1	Homo sapiens	135-141
29113893-6	2018	We also report the distinct saccharide binding profiles of the hITLN1 homologues, HaloITLN and XL35ITLN, and demonstrate that hITLN1 binding to a saccharide ligand may modulate binding to its protein ligand, lactoferrin and vice versa.	Carbohydrates	28-38	intelectin 1	Homo sapiens	63-69
29113893-6	2018	We also report the distinct saccharide binding profiles of the hITLN1 homologues, HaloITLN and XL35ITLN, and demonstrate that hITLN1 binding to a saccharide ligand may modulate binding to its protein ligand, lactoferrin and vice versa.	Carbohydrates	28-38	intelectin 1	Homo sapiens	126-132
29520280-1	2018	Vaccination with CD1d-binding glycolipid adjuvants and co-administered protein, lipid, and carbohydrate antigens leads to invariant natural killer T (NKT) cell-dependent enhancement of protective B cell responses.	Carbohydrates	91-103	CD1d molecule	Homo sapiens	17-21
3536898-0	1986	Identification of the tryptophan residue located at the low-affinity saccharide binding site of ricin D. The saccharide binding ability of the low affinity (LA-) binding site of ricin D was abrogated by N-bromosuccinimide (NBS)-oxidation, while in the presence of lactose the number of tryptophan residues eventually oxidized decreased by 1 mol/mol and the saccharide binding ability was retained (Hatakeyama et al., (1986) J. Biochem.	Carbohydrates	109-119	nibrin	Homo sapiens	223-226
29373601-16	2018	A time effect was observed for the cell membrane sodium-dependent glucose transporter SLC5A1, for the major carbohydrate facilitated transporter SLC2A2, and water transport function AQP3, where SLC5A1 and AQP3 had a negative quadratic effect over time.	Carbohydrates	108-120	solute carrier family 2 member 2	Bos taurus	145-151
30723261-11	2019	We showed that MBL is capable of binding B. burgdorferi through its carbohydrate recognition domains, but in vitro complement killing assays, peritoneal macrophage and whole blood stimulations, phagocytosis assays and an in vivo migration experiment did not reveal the mechanism by which MBL facilitates early clearance of B. burgdorferi.	Carbohydrates	68-80	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	15-18
3536898-0	1986	Identification of the tryptophan residue located at the low-affinity saccharide binding site of ricin D. The saccharide binding ability of the low affinity (LA-) binding site of ricin D was abrogated by N-bromosuccinimide (NBS)-oxidation, while in the presence of lactose the number of tryptophan residues eventually oxidized decreased by 1 mol/mol and the saccharide binding ability was retained (Hatakeyama et al., (1986) J. Biochem.	Carbohydrates	109-119	nibrin	Homo sapiens	223-226
3527235-9	1986	These results indicate that PHLA, HLA, and LCAT activities not only are affected by the nature of carbohydrates, but also are related to triglyceride metabolism.	Carbohydrates	98-111	phosphatidylcholine-sterol acyltransferase	Macaca fascicularis	43-47
31333110-3	2019	Alpha-glucosidase is a family of enzyme originated from the pancreas which plays role in anabolism of 80-90% of carbohydrate consumed into glucose.	Carbohydrates	112-124	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	0-17
29588827-1	2018	Background: Liver X receptor Beta (LXRbeta), located in an obesity susceptible region, has been shown to be involved in the metabolism of lipid and carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	148-161	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 2	Homo sapiens	35-42
3095634-11	1986	The carbohydrates lactose and oligosaccharides as supplements to breast milk are hydrolysed by lactase, sucrase-isomaltase and maltase-glucoamylase.	Carbohydrates	4-17	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	104-122
2941482-14	1986	Furthermore, the ability of the Fc gamma receptor to trigger internalization is defective in HLA-DR2 and -DR3 normals, whether the receptor is ligated at its classical ligand-binding site or by way of its carbohydrate moieties.	Carbohydrates	205-217	Fc gamma receptor Ia	Homo sapiens	32-49
29342865-1	2018	(Poly)phenols and, specifically, phlorotannins present in brown seaweeds have previously been shown to inhibit alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase, key enzymes involved in the breakdown and intestinal absorption of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	215-228	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	129-146
29106525-3	2018	Despite our previous discovery of increased brain insulin signaling, our results indicate that dfmr1 mutants have reduced carbohydrate and lipid stores and are hypersensitive to starvation stress.	Carbohydrates	122-134	Fmr1	Drosophila melanogaster	95-100
30484413-2	2019	The carbohydrates require metabolism by alpha-glucosidase before being absorbed into the small intestine, and as a result, this enzyme represents a significant drug target for the effective management of diabetes.	Carbohydrates	4-17	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	40-57
30612679-6	2019	In conclusion, both HP and aspirin, as physiological and pharmacological inductors of HSP70, respectively, attenuate the carbohydrate-related disturbances in diabetic rats, with almost tendency to normalisation to the control values for most of the estimated parameters.	Carbohydrates	121-133	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	86-91
3717063-5	1986	Increased carbohydrate intake evoked an increase of sucrase, maltase, glucoamylase, and lactase activity in both the jejunum and ileum.	Carbohydrates	10-22	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	61-95
29943084-2	2019	In mammals, GDH contributes to important processes such as amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism, energy production, ammonia management, neurotransmitter recycling and insulin secretion.	Carbohydrates	74-86	glutamate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	12-15
30262060-5	2019	Compared with previous reported poly(acrylic acid)-grafted silica (Sil-PAA) stationary phase, Sil-PIA possesses shorter retention time but similar or higher selectivity for the separation of most polar compounds such as bases, nucleosides, amino acids, and saccharides in hydrophilic interaction chromatography.	Carbohydrates	257-268	RPTOR independent companion of MTOR complex 2	Homo sapiens	98-101
28992109-7	2018	Gal-1/beta1 integrin complex was sensitive to chemical and enzyme treatments, indicating carbohydrate dependent interaction.	Carbohydrates	89-101	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
3512253-0	1986	Lectins as probes of insulin receptor carbohydrate composition: studies in glycosylation mutants of Chinese hamster ovarian cells with altered insulin binding.	Carbohydrates	38-50	insulin receptor	Cricetulus griseus	21-37
3512253-13	1986	In conclusion, these indirect studies with lectins suggest that the carbohydrate units of the insulin receptor are heterogeneous.	Carbohydrates	68-80	insulin receptor	Cricetulus griseus	94-110
28537465-7	2017	Herein, we present a novel adjuvant formulation comprising a sulfated saccharide group covalently linked to the free sn-1 hydroxyl backbone of an archaeal core lipid (sulfated S-lactosylarchaeol, SLA).	Carbohydrates	70-80	src-like adaptor	Mus musculus	196-199
31130758-1	2018	The aim of this in vitro study was to synthesize three new methacrylate monomers based on the modification of saccharides structures (glucose-Gluc, sucrose-Sucr and chitosan-Chit) with glycidyl methacrylate, and to use them in the composition of dental adhesives.	Carbohydrates	110-121	chitinase 1	Homo sapiens	174-178
3010487-6	1986	This observation suggests that thrombomodulin activity is associated to a glycoprotein component presenting the same degree of carbohydrate heterogeneity, involving alpha-D-mannosyl or alpha-D-glucosyl residues, as tissue factor apoprotein.	Carbohydrates	127-139	thrombomodulin	Homo sapiens	31-45
30016152-8	2018	Ingenuity Pathway Analysis confirmed that the biological functions most altered in livers of Igf2-/- newborns are related to lipid metabolism, with the top upstream regulator predicted to be the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, a master regulator of hepatic lipid and carbohydrate homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	285-297	insulin-like growth factor 2	Mus musculus	93-97
28855239-10	2017	Hypoglycemia exposure and carbohydrate treatments were improved overall (P = 0.001 and P = 0.007) and during the daytime with strong ski level effects (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.006); ski/snowboard proficiency was balanced between groups but with a very strong site effect: naive in Virginia and experienced in Colorado.	Carbohydrates	26-38	SKI proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	133-136
28855239-10	2017	Hypoglycemia exposure and carbohydrate treatments were improved overall (P = 0.001 and P = 0.007) and during the daytime with strong ski level effects (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.006); ski/snowboard proficiency was balanced between groups but with a very strong site effect: naive in Virginia and experienced in Colorado.	Carbohydrates	26-38	SKI proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	179-182
2418106-12	1986	Thus, the results indicate that the T cell-derived polypeptide hormone IL 2 is able to influence the glycosylation of specific proteins in CTL, which results in the appearance of carbohydrate antigens whose expression is linked to the activation state of the CTL.	Carbohydrates	179-191	interleukin 2	Rattus norvegicus	71-75
30264417-5	2018	In this review, we focus on the emerging roles of Drosophila TGF-beta/activins in inter-organ communication via long-distance regulation, especially in systemic lipid and carbohydrate homeostasis, and discuss findings relevant to metabolic diseases in humans.	Carbohydrates	171-183	decapentaplegic	Drosophila melanogaster	61-69
3080337-1	1986	Four overlapping cDNA clones for L-type pyruvate kinase (PK-L) were isolated from carbohydrate-induced rat liver cDNA libraries.	Carbohydrates	82-94	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	57-61
30320406-7	2018	Within the group of di- and tri-saccharides, effectiveness depended on the specific saccharide added, and no clear trends were observed with saccharide molecular weight and other commonly studied factors such as system glass transition temperature.	Carbohydrates	32-42	tRNA-Ile (anticodon AAT) 9-1	Homo sapiens	28-31
30320406-7	2018	Within the group of di- and tri-saccharides, effectiveness depended on the specific saccharide added, and no clear trends were observed with saccharide molecular weight and other commonly studied factors such as system glass transition temperature.	Carbohydrates	84-94	tRNA-Ile (anticodon AAT) 9-1	Homo sapiens	28-31
30320406-8	2018	Molecular level interactions, as evident in crystal structure overlays of the added saccharides and sucrose and morphological differences in crystals formed, appeared to contribute to the effectiveness of a di- or tri-saccharide in delaying sucrose crystallization.	Carbohydrates	84-95	tRNA-Ile (anticodon AAT) 9-1	Homo sapiens	173-176
2998476-6	1985	Inhibition of ferritin binding by lactoferrin was not due to common carbohydrate moieties as previously suggested but was due to direct binding of lactoferrin to ferritin.	Carbohydrates	68-80	lactotransferrin	Rattus norvegicus	34-45
30375449-4	2018	Sunrouge also strongly inhibited the carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase when compared with that of Yabukita and many other cultivars.	Carbohydrates	37-49	sucrase isomaltase (alpha-glucosidase)	Mus musculus	70-87
4055897-8	1985	These results provide the first direct evidence that the polysialic acid on NCAM has a regulatory effect on adhesion between living cells, and that the amount of this carbohydrate is critical for the normal morphogenesis of nerve tissue.	Carbohydrates	167-179	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Gallus gallus	76-80
30332478-7	2018	Analysis revealed that enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, and that reflect the metabolic activities in breastfeeding women, including fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase 1, phosphoglycerate mutase 1 were down-regulated.	Carbohydrates	43-55	phosphoglycerate mutase 1	Homo sapiens	176-201
2413770-1	1985	Adult rats that were maintained on a low-carbohydrate intake showed rapid increase in the activities of sucrase, maltase, and lactase along the length of the small intestine when they were fed a high-starch diet.	Carbohydrates	41-53	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	126-133
30215656-8	2018	In particular, C5 and C3 showed considerable deregulation for pathways involved in synthesis and catabolism of complex forms of lipids and carbohydrates, and these were exhibited in parallel or in the face of glycolysis, a common form of energy production in cancer cells.	Carbohydrates	139-152	complement C5	Homo sapiens	15-24
30287789-5	2018	Increases in carbohydrate feeding (+5 g h-1) and protein intake (+0.3 g kg-1) also likely contributed to successful completion of a 100-mile race, by reducing the fractional utilization of maximal oxygen uptake and satiating hunger, respectively.	Carbohydrates	13-25	H1.5 linker histone, cluster member	Homo sapiens	40-43
4084861-3	1985	In an anaerobic broth dilution assay using a medium lacking rumen fluid and containing a soluble carbohydrate, the minimum inhibitory concentration of the metabolite which completely inhibited growth of the rumen bacteria for 18 h at 39 degrees C was generally less than 10 micrograms X mL-1; however, the minimum inhibitory concentrations for Megasphaera elsdenii B159 and Streptococcus bovis Pe(1)8 were 10-25 and 25-64 micrograms X mL-1, respectively.	Carbohydrates	97-109	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	287-291
29982432-4	2018	Based on differentially expressed genes and Venn diagrams, 31 genes regulated by Hog1p and two genes induced by Slt2p, which related to carbohydrate metabolism, oxidative damage, DNA replication stress and detoxification, were characterized under Cd exposure to yeast.	Carbohydrates	136-148	mitogen-activated serine/threonine-protein kinase SLT2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	112-117
4084861-3	1985	In an anaerobic broth dilution assay using a medium lacking rumen fluid and containing a soluble carbohydrate, the minimum inhibitory concentration of the metabolite which completely inhibited growth of the rumen bacteria for 18 h at 39 degrees C was generally less than 10 micrograms X mL-1; however, the minimum inhibitory concentrations for Megasphaera elsdenii B159 and Streptococcus bovis Pe(1)8 were 10-25 and 25-64 micrograms X mL-1, respectively.	Carbohydrates	97-109	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	435-439
2994185-2	1985	However, when either lipid A or carbohydrate-free endotoxin from S. minnesota-Re595 was administered, a rise in serum ACE occurred.	Carbohydrates	32-44	angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 1	Mus musculus	118-121
29451987-0	2018	Association of adiponectin/leptin ratio with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism parameters in HIV-infected patients during antiretroviral therapy.	Carbohydrates	45-57	leptin	Homo sapiens	27-33
29451987-2	2018	Our objective was to evaluate the interplay of these hormones described by the adiponectin/leptin ratio (ALR) in correlation to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism parameters in nondiabetic HIV-infected patients during antiretroviral therapy (ART).	Carbohydrates	138-150	leptin	Homo sapiens	91-97
3855439-7	1985	In contrast to these findings on Mm1 cells, binding components of QRC were sensitive to periodate oxidation or neuraminidase treatment but resistant to protease, suggesting that the terminal sialic acid residues of carbohydrate of QRC are recognized by Mm1 cells.	Carbohydrates	215-227	prefoldin 5	Mus musculus	253-256
29866659-0	2018	Perilipin-2 deletion promotes carbohydrate-mediated browning of white adipose tissue at ambient temperature.	Carbohydrates	30-42	predicted gene 12551	Mus musculus	0-11
29866659-2	2018	In the current study, we found that, compared with WT mice on Western diet, Plin2-null adipose tissue was more insulin sensitive and inguinal subcutaneous white adipose tissue (iWAT) exhibited profound browning and robust induction of thermogenic and carbohydrate-responsive genetic programs at room temperature.	Carbohydrates	251-263	predicted gene 12551	Mus musculus	76-81
2579005-9	1985	Furthermore, the ST-4-39 antigen affinity-purified from two gastric cancer strains was shown to contain multiple carbohydrate determinants including sialyl-Lewisa and sialyl-Lewisx, suggesting the antigen to be a mucin.	Carbohydrates	113-125	ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	17-21
29866659-3	2018	Surprisingly, these Plin2-null responses correlated with the content of simple carbohydrates, rather than fat, in the diet, and were independent of adipose Plin2 expression.	Carbohydrates	79-92	predicted gene 12551	Mus musculus	20-25
6530429-8	1984	The method was also used to identify the oligosaccharide that is missing in a carbohydrate variant of ceruloplasmin.	Carbohydrates	78-90	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	102-115
30069035-3	2018	We report the structure of an anti-IgE antibody Fab (8D6) bound to IgE-Fc through a mixed protein-carbohydrate epitope, revealing further flexibility and a novel extended conformation with potential relevance to that of membrane-bound IgE in the B cell receptor for antigen.	Carbohydrates	98-110	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	48-51
30069035-3	2018	We report the structure of an anti-IgE antibody Fab (8D6) bound to IgE-Fc through a mixed protein-carbohydrate epitope, revealing further flexibility and a novel extended conformation with potential relevance to that of membrane-bound IgE in the B cell receptor for antigen.	Carbohydrates	98-110	CD320 molecule	Homo sapiens	53-56
6474186-4	1984	The sulfated saccharides and phosphoamino acids may provide additional sites for functional control of N-CAM.	Carbohydrates	13-24	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Gallus gallus	103-108
29618060-0	2018	Tn and STn are members of a family of carbohydrate tumor antigens that possess carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions.	Carbohydrates	38-50	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 2	Homo sapiens	7-10
29618060-0	2018	Tn and STn are members of a family of carbohydrate tumor antigens that possess carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions.	Carbohydrates	79-91	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 2	Homo sapiens	7-10
29618060-0	2018	Tn and STn are members of a family of carbohydrate tumor antigens that possess carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions.	Carbohydrates	79-91	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 2	Homo sapiens	7-10
6086681-5	1984	The carbohydrate portion of the receptor is degraded, in the presence or absence of EGF, at approximately the same rate as the protein moiety.	Carbohydrates	4-16	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	84-87
29899991-9	2018	Learning points: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) may develop in the presence of lower-than-expected blood glucose levels in patients treated with a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor.Certain individuals prescribed with SGLT-2 inhibitors may be more at risk of DKA, for example, those with a low beta cell function reserve, excessive alcohol consumption and a low carbohydrate diet.In order to reduce the risk of SGLT-2 inhibitor-associated DKA, all patients must be carefully selected before prescription of the medication and appropriately educated.Increased serum ketone levels and glucosuria have been reported to persist for several days despite discontinuation of their SGLT-2 inhibitor.Physicians should consider individualised treatment regimens for subjects with prolonged DKA in the presence of SGLT-2 inhibition.	Carbohydrates	375-387	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	144-175
29899991-9	2018	Learning points: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) may develop in the presence of lower-than-expected blood glucose levels in patients treated with a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor.Certain individuals prescribed with SGLT-2 inhibitors may be more at risk of DKA, for example, those with a low beta cell function reserve, excessive alcohol consumption and a low carbohydrate diet.In order to reduce the risk of SGLT-2 inhibitor-associated DKA, all patients must be carefully selected before prescription of the medication and appropriately educated.Increased serum ketone levels and glucosuria have been reported to persist for several days despite discontinuation of their SGLT-2 inhibitor.Physicians should consider individualised treatment regimens for subjects with prolonged DKA in the presence of SGLT-2 inhibition.	Carbohydrates	375-387	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	177-183
29899991-9	2018	Learning points: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) may develop in the presence of lower-than-expected blood glucose levels in patients treated with a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor.Certain individuals prescribed with SGLT-2 inhibitors may be more at risk of DKA, for example, those with a low beta cell function reserve, excessive alcohol consumption and a low carbohydrate diet.In order to reduce the risk of SGLT-2 inhibitor-associated DKA, all patients must be carefully selected before prescription of the medication and appropriately educated.Increased serum ketone levels and glucosuria have been reported to persist for several days despite discontinuation of their SGLT-2 inhibitor.Physicians should consider individualised treatment regimens for subjects with prolonged DKA in the presence of SGLT-2 inhibition.	Carbohydrates	375-387	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	231-237
29899991-9	2018	Learning points: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) may develop in the presence of lower-than-expected blood glucose levels in patients treated with a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor.Certain individuals prescribed with SGLT-2 inhibitors may be more at risk of DKA, for example, those with a low beta cell function reserve, excessive alcohol consumption and a low carbohydrate diet.In order to reduce the risk of SGLT-2 inhibitor-associated DKA, all patients must be carefully selected before prescription of the medication and appropriately educated.Increased serum ketone levels and glucosuria have been reported to persist for several days despite discontinuation of their SGLT-2 inhibitor.Physicians should consider individualised treatment regimens for subjects with prolonged DKA in the presence of SGLT-2 inhibition.	Carbohydrates	375-387	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	231-237
29899991-9	2018	Learning points: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) may develop in the presence of lower-than-expected blood glucose levels in patients treated with a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor.Certain individuals prescribed with SGLT-2 inhibitors may be more at risk of DKA, for example, those with a low beta cell function reserve, excessive alcohol consumption and a low carbohydrate diet.In order to reduce the risk of SGLT-2 inhibitor-associated DKA, all patients must be carefully selected before prescription of the medication and appropriately educated.Increased serum ketone levels and glucosuria have been reported to persist for several days despite discontinuation of their SGLT-2 inhibitor.Physicians should consider individualised treatment regimens for subjects with prolonged DKA in the presence of SGLT-2 inhibition.	Carbohydrates	375-387	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	231-237
29899991-9	2018	Learning points: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) may develop in the presence of lower-than-expected blood glucose levels in patients treated with a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor.Certain individuals prescribed with SGLT-2 inhibitors may be more at risk of DKA, for example, those with a low beta cell function reserve, excessive alcohol consumption and a low carbohydrate diet.In order to reduce the risk of SGLT-2 inhibitor-associated DKA, all patients must be carefully selected before prescription of the medication and appropriately educated.Increased serum ketone levels and glucosuria have been reported to persist for several days despite discontinuation of their SGLT-2 inhibitor.Physicians should consider individualised treatment regimens for subjects with prolonged DKA in the presence of SGLT-2 inhibition.	Carbohydrates	375-387	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	231-237
6086681-10	1984	The EGF receptor from A-431 cells can easily be identified by submitting carbohydrate-labeled, solubilized cells to electrophoresis as described by Laemmli (1970).	Carbohydrates	73-85	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	4-7
6380591-6	1984	By incubation of phospholipase B1 and phospholipase B2 with endoglycosidase H from Streptomyces griseus, one main protein with an apparent Mr of 67 000 and the same residual carbohydrate content was obtained.	Carbohydrates	174-186	phospholipase B1	Mus musculus	17-33
29659022-7	2018	RD26 also supports the degradation of starch and the accumulation of mono- and disaccharides during senescence by directly enhancing the expression of AMY1, SFP1 and SWEET15 involved in carbohydrate metabolism and transport.	Carbohydrates	186-198	senescence-associated gene 29	Arabidopsis thaliana	166-173
6101094-4	1984	When the amount of the glycosidase-cleaved carbohydrate does not exceed 10-15%, most OGs affected are of the Fab region.	Carbohydrates	43-55	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	109-112
29327078-5	2018	Research shows that the Trx/TrxR system plays a significant role in the physiology of the adipose tissue, in carbohydrate metabolism, insulin production and sensitivity, blood pressure regulation, inflammation, chemotactic activity of macrophages, and atherogenesis.	Carbohydrates	109-121	thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	24-27
29327078-5	2018	Research shows that the Trx/TrxR system plays a significant role in the physiology of the adipose tissue, in carbohydrate metabolism, insulin production and sensitivity, blood pressure regulation, inflammation, chemotactic activity of macrophages, and atherogenesis.	Carbohydrates	109-121	peroxiredoxin 5	Homo sapiens	28-32
29130097-1	2017	FUT1 is a key rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of Lewis y, a membrane-associated carbohydrate antigen.	Carbohydrates	86-98	fucosyltransferase 1 (H blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-4
29112136-4	2017	Identification of sequences associated with plants, animals, and carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) may provide further insights into the dietary habits of Inca and Italian nobility mummies.	Carbohydrates	65-77	caspase recruitment domain family member 17	Homo sapiens	159-163
29606113-7	2018	The effect of HAEF on carbohydrate digestive enzymes alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase was studied using biochemical assays.	Carbohydrates	22-34	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	53-70
6203908-10	1984	The molecular weight of the unmodified alpha 2-macroglobulin subunit is 160,837 and approximately 179,000, including the carbohydrate groups.	Carbohydrates	121-133	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Homo sapiens	39-60
6204209-2	1984	N-CAM has an unusual carbohydrate moiety containing a large and variable amount of sialic acid, the variation reflecting both the type of tissue and its developmental age.	Carbohydrates	21-33	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Gallus gallus	0-5
29507247-5	2018	The lead compound, 29beta-NAc, is a biphenyl N-acetyl-beta-galactosaminoside with a Ki of ~90 nM, representing a major advancement in potency relative to the characteristically weak nature of most carbohydrate-lectin interactions.	Carbohydrates	197-209	basic transcription factor 3	Homo sapiens	21-29
29099761-0	2017	The Role of Carbohydrates in the Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Signalling.	Carbohydrates	12-25	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	58-78
29099761-0	2017	The Role of Carbohydrates in the Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Signalling.	Carbohydrates	12-25	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	80-84
29099761-2	2017	This review focuses on the role of carbohydrates of bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS, lipooligosaccharide, LOS, and lipid A), in the interaction with the host Toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 2 (TLR4/MD-2) complex.	Carbohydrates	35-48	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	171-191
29099761-2	2017	This review focuses on the role of carbohydrates of bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS, lipooligosaccharide, LOS, and lipid A), in the interaction with the host Toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 2 (TLR4/MD-2) complex.	Carbohydrates	35-48	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	226-230
6712957-1	1984	The reversible unfolding of rat alpha-lactalbumin, which, in contrast to other alpha-lactalbumins, has a 17-amino-acid extension at the carboxyl terminus and a carbohydrate unit at Asn-45, was studied by circular dichroism between 193 and 310 nm as a function of pH, heat and guanidine hydrochloride ( GdnHCl ).	Carbohydrates	160-172	lactalbumin, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	32-49
29439523-1	2018	Soybean agglutinin (SBA) is a non-fiber carbohydrate-related protein and the main anti-nutritional factor that exists in soybean or soybean products.	Carbohydrates	40-52	lectin	Glycine max	8-18
28349245-2	2017	alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (alpha-GIs) delay carbohydrate absorption and may change the gut environment.	Carbohydrates	47-59	sucrase isomaltase (alpha-glucosidase)	Mus musculus	0-17
6324343-1	1984	Human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells in culture produce a soluble 105-kilodalton protein which, by the criteria of epidermal growth factor (EGF) binding, recognition by monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to the EGF receptor, amino-terminal sequence analysis and carbohydrate content, is related to the cell surface domain of the EGF receptor.	Carbohydrates	265-277	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	214-217
28595521-3	2018	OBJECTIVE: In order to explore structural requirements for selective PPAR modulators to control lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, the multi-cheminformatics studies have been performed.	Carbohydrates	106-118	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	69-73
6746603-3	1984	NEG-FAB-MS of the molecules gave intense peaks of the molecular ion species, (M-H)-, and many fragment ions useful for the elucidation of carbohydrate structure were also detected with significant intensity.	Carbohydrates	138-150	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	4-7
29040839-9	2017	Since these PCs act as ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, PC species reflecting the dietary carbohydrate-fat ratio may influence metabolism of glucose and lipids.	Carbohydrates	119-131	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	35-83
29075307-8	2017	On the other hand, the LF-responsive and LF-specific genes were related to carbohydrate metabolism, cellular function and maintenance, and cell death/cellular growth and proliferation, and the top transcriptional regulators were forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) and cAMP response element binding protein 1 (CREB1), respectively.	Carbohydrates	75-87	forkhead box O1	Mus musculus	229-252
28755583-3	2017	In the present review, three mechanisms are hypothesized for the interaction of hNoV with leafy green phyllospheres: 1) specific binding to histo-blood group antigen (HBGA)-like carbohydrates exposed on leaf surfaces and present on bacterial microbiota; 2) non-specific binding through electrostatic forces; and 3) internalization of hNoV through contaminated water (e.g. hydroponic feed water).	Carbohydrates	178-191	cellular communication network factor 3	Homo sapiens	80-84
28755583-5	2017	For instance, enzymes produced by bacteria and fungi could potentially compromise the structure of HBGA-like carbohydrate binding sites on leaves, leading to a reduction in hNoV binding.	Carbohydrates	109-121	cellular communication network factor 3	Homo sapiens	173-177
6320894-8	1984	Hepatocytes cultured in carbohydrate-free medium and 5% serum required added insulin for maximal induction.	Carbohydrates	24-36	insulin	Bos taurus	77-84
28605609-4	2017	Therefore, we investigated the effects of postexercise supplementation with protein and carbohydrate (CHO) and vitamins D3 and K2 on the postexercise hepcidin response.	Carbohydrates	88-100	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	150-158
28193094-9	2017	Further, the altered activities of key carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and hexokinase in the liver tissue of diabetic rats were significantly (p &lt; 0.005) reverted to near normal levels upon treatment with F. carica.	Carbohydrates	39-51	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	81-102
28750203-1	2017	Discovery of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors has been actively pursued with the aim to develop therapeutics for the treatment of type-II diabetes mellitus and the other carbohydrate mediated disease.	Carbohydrates	166-178	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	13-30
6319214-0	1984	Evidence for suppression of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase with carbohydrate feeding.	Carbohydrates	63-75	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-57
26854322-1	2017	One of the effective managements of diabetes mellitus, in particular, noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, is to retard the absorption of glucose by inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes, such as alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase, in the digestive organs.	Carbohydrates	166-178	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	208-225
28584296-5	2017	Other genes were involved in carbohydrate metabolism/glucose homoeostasis or in lipid metabolism (for example, TCF7L2, ADRB3, LIPE, GIPR), revealing plausible mechanisms according to existing biological knowledge.	Carbohydrates	29-41	transcription factor 7 like 2	Homo sapiens	111-117
6579549-2	1983	The carbohydrate-deficient antibodies behaved in an identical manner to the normal antibodies with regard to fine antigen-binding reactivity (a Fab fragment feature) and protein A binding capacity [a feature requiring integrity at the CH2 and CH3 domain-interaction regions in the constant region of the heavy chain (CH)].	Carbohydrates	4-16	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	144-147
28584296-5	2017	Other genes were involved in carbohydrate metabolism/glucose homoeostasis or in lipid metabolism (for example, TCF7L2, ADRB3, LIPE, GIPR), revealing plausible mechanisms according to existing biological knowledge.	Carbohydrates	29-41	adrenoceptor beta 3	Homo sapiens	119-124
29063832-2	2017	We show that daf-16/FoxO restructures carbohydrate metabolism by driving carbon flux through the glyoxylate shunt and gluconeogenesis and into synthesis of trehalose, a disaccharide of glucose.	Carbohydrates	38-50	Fork-head domain-containing protein;Forkhead box protein O	Caenorhabditis elegans	13-19
6187368-1	1983	In order to study carbohydrate-induced protein stabilization bovine testis beta-galactosidase and human serum albumin were conjugated with dextran, partially acetylated dextran and partially methylated dextran.	Carbohydrates	18-30	albumin	Bos taurus	104-117
28834297-5	2017	The PFKFB3 gene is involved in cell proliferation via its role in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	66-78	6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3	Homo sapiens	4-10
28370553-3	2017	It does this by forming a tetrameric complex made up of two ChREBP/Mlx heterodimers, which enables it to bind to the carbohydrate response element (ChoRE) in the promoter region of its target genes to regulate transcription.	Carbohydrates	117-129	MAX dimerization protein MLX	Homo sapiens	67-70
28949295-5	2017	Thus Msn2/4 exhibit a dual role in activating carbohydrate metabolism genes and stress response genes.	Carbohydrates	46-58	stress-responsive transcriptional activator MSN2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	5-9
7096333-0	1982	The structures and microheterogeneity of the carbohydrate chains of human plasma ceruloplasmin.	Carbohydrates	45-57	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	81-94
28768654-2	2017	The common rs1440581 T allele in the protein phosphatase Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1K (PPM1K) gene has been related to elevated BCAA concentrations and risk of type 2 diabetes.Objective: In the present study, we tested whether dietary fat and carbohydrate intakes influenced the association between the rs1440581 PPM1K genetic variant and glucose-metabolism traits during weight loss.Design: The rs1440581 PPM1K genetic variant was genotyped in a total of 757 nondiabetic individuals who were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 energy-restricted diets that differed in macronutrient composition (low-fat diet: 20-25% fat, 15% protein, and 60-65% carbohydrate; high-fat diet: 40-45% fat, 15% protein, and 40-45% carbohydrate).	Carbohydrates	237-249	protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1K	Homo sapiens	81-86
28768654-2	2017	The common rs1440581 T allele in the protein phosphatase Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1K (PPM1K) gene has been related to elevated BCAA concentrations and risk of type 2 diabetes.Objective: In the present study, we tested whether dietary fat and carbohydrate intakes influenced the association between the rs1440581 PPM1K genetic variant and glucose-metabolism traits during weight loss.Design: The rs1440581 PPM1K genetic variant was genotyped in a total of 757 nondiabetic individuals who were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 energy-restricted diets that differed in macronutrient composition (low-fat diet: 20-25% fat, 15% protein, and 60-65% carbohydrate; high-fat diet: 40-45% fat, 15% protein, and 40-45% carbohydrate).	Carbohydrates	633-645	protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1K	Homo sapiens	81-86
28768654-2	2017	The common rs1440581 T allele in the protein phosphatase Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1K (PPM1K) gene has been related to elevated BCAA concentrations and risk of type 2 diabetes.Objective: In the present study, we tested whether dietary fat and carbohydrate intakes influenced the association between the rs1440581 PPM1K genetic variant and glucose-metabolism traits during weight loss.Design: The rs1440581 PPM1K genetic variant was genotyped in a total of 757 nondiabetic individuals who were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 energy-restricted diets that differed in macronutrient composition (low-fat diet: 20-25% fat, 15% protein, and 60-65% carbohydrate; high-fat diet: 40-45% fat, 15% protein, and 40-45% carbohydrate).	Carbohydrates	633-645	protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1K	Homo sapiens	81-86
28768654-6	2017	An opposite effect was observed in the low-fat diet group, although in this group the T allele was marginally (P = 0.10) and not significantly (P = 0.24) associated with insulin and HOMA-B, respectively.Conclusion:PPM1K rs1440581 may affect changes in glucose metabolism during weight loss, and this effect is dependent on dietary fat and carbohydrate intakes.	Carbohydrates	339-351	protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1K	Homo sapiens	214-219
28688169-0	2017	Sequential Dy(OTf)3 -Catalyzed Solvent-Free Per-O-Acetylation and Regioselective Anomeric De-O-Acetylation of Carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	110-123	POU class 5 homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	0-19
7079343-3	1982	The high preference by adult obese mice for fat was confirmed in additional studies employing two food cups, one containing a high-carbohydrate diet and the other a high-fat diet.	Carbohydrates	131-143	CD36 molecule	Mus musculus	44-47
28078757-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Insulin dysregulation, obesity, and exposure to high-nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) forage are risk factors for equine metabolic syndrome-associated laminitis (EMSAL); high systemic insulin concentrations in EMSAL are proposed to induce cellular dysregulation in the digital lamellae through activation of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor.	Carbohydrates	79-91	insulin like growth factor 1 receptor	Equus caballus	324-361
6124363-0	1982	"In vivo" effects of insulin on carbohydrate metabolism of catfish (Ictalurus melas).	Carbohydrates	32-44	insulin	Bos taurus	21-28
28665555-3	2017	Most CD1-presented lipid antigens contain large hydrophilic head groups comprised of carbohydrates or peptides that dominate patterns of T-cell specificity.	Carbohydrates	85-98	CD1b molecule	Homo sapiens	5-8
28914437-6	2017	The activities of key enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism such as hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, glucose-6- phosphatase, fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase were assayed by standard methods described in the methodology.	Carbohydrates	33-45	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	94-116
28552704-3	2017	The ability of VTA amylin signaling to reduce intake of specific palatable macronutrients (fat or carbohydrate) was tested in rats in several paradigms, including one-bottle acceptance tests, two-bottle choice tests, and a free-choice diet.	Carbohydrates	98-110	islet amyloid polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	19-25
7160549-2	1982	Carbohydrate malabsorption was induced by the competitive alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose.	Carbohydrates	0-12	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	58-75
28855825-5	2017	Inhibition of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes retards the rate of carbohydrate digestion, thereby provides an alternative and a less evasive strategy of reducing postprandial hyperglycaemia in diabetic patients.	Carbohydrates	78-90	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	32-49
28602737-4	2017	The deduced amino acid sequence is highly homology to teleost and similar to mammalian MBL, containing a canonical collagen-like region, a carbohydrate recognition domain and a neck region.	Carbohydrates	139-151	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	87-90
28576849-5	2017	Gal-1 and Gal-3 bind in a dose- and carbohydrate-dependent manner to mesenchymal RPE cells and inhibit cellular processes like attachment and spreading.	Carbohydrates	36-48	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
7095393-2	1982	The effect of isoproterenol, a beta adrenergic drug, on the metabolism of carbohydrates in the submandibular salivary glands of mice was studied.	Carbohydrates	74-87	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	29-35
28470711-0	2017	Carbohydrate recognition by the rhamnose-binding lectin SUL-I with a novel three-domain structure isolated from the venom of globiferous pedicellariae of the flower sea urchin Toxopneustes pileolus.	Carbohydrates	0-12	dihydropteroate synthase	Escherichia coli	56-61
28470711-2	2017	We have cloned the cDNA of one of the toxin components, SUL-I, which is a rhamnose-binding lectin (RBL) that acts as a mitogen through binding to carbohydrate chains on target cells.	Carbohydrates	146-158	dihydropteroate synthase	Escherichia coli	56-61
28470711-3	2017	Recombinant SUL-I (rSUL-I) was produced in Escherichia coli cells, and its carbohydrate-binding specificity was examined with the glycoconjugate microarray analysis, which suggested that potential target carbohydrate structures are galactose-terminated N-glycans.	Carbohydrates	75-87	dihydropteroate synthase	Escherichia coli	12-17
28470711-3	2017	Recombinant SUL-I (rSUL-I) was produced in Escherichia coli cells, and its carbohydrate-binding specificity was examined with the glycoconjugate microarray analysis, which suggested that potential target carbohydrate structures are galactose-terminated N-glycans.	Carbohydrates	204-216	dihydropteroate synthase	Escherichia coli	12-17
28825178-3	2017	For this reason, new predictive and monitoring tools are needed to identify OC recurrence and new biomarkers were studied, among which human epididymis 4 (HE4), primarily expressed in the reproductive and respiratory tracts, is one of the most promising, reporting a good sensitivity and specificity in detecting OC, overcoming the traditional role of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA-125).	Carbohydrates	352-364	WAP four-disulfide core domain 2	Homo sapiens	155-158
7129075-2	1982	The effect of isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic drug, on some aspects of the anaerobic metabolism of carbohydrates in the submandibular salivary glands of mice was studied.	Carbohydrates	100-113	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	29-35
28724349-9	2017	Potential function capacities related to metabolisms of carbohydrate, energy and amino acids, cell motility, and membrane transport were significantly associated with IMF content.	Carbohydrates	56-68	IMF	Sus scrofa	167-170
6183197-7	1982	These results indicate that H9/25 is a protein with a single polypeptide chain of 12000-15000 daltons molecular weight, and the antigenic specificity is carried by a peptide but not a carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	184-196	ras homolog family member C	Homo sapiens	28-33
28979070-2	2017	One of the effective therapeutic managements of the disease is to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia through inhibition of alpha-glucosidase, a carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzyme to retard overall glucose absorption.	Carbohydrates	143-155	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	122-139
28639573-9	2017	CONCLUSION: This study might provide evidence that HIF-1alpha affects the expression of multiple genes involved in the myogenesis, muscle development, and carbohydrate metabolism through transcriptome analysis in conditional HIF-1alpha-KO mice.	Carbohydrates	155-167	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	51-61
6131042-2	1982	The polymorphic enzyme phosphoglucomutase controlled by locus 1 (PGM1) is a phosphotransferase which plays a key role in carbohydrate metabolism and it is present in high concentrations in placental tissue.	Carbohydrates	121-133	phosphoglucomutase 1	Homo sapiens	65-69
28639573-9	2017	CONCLUSION: This study might provide evidence that HIF-1alpha affects the expression of multiple genes involved in the myogenesis, muscle development, and carbohydrate metabolism through transcriptome analysis in conditional HIF-1alpha-KO mice.	Carbohydrates	155-167	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	225-235
28443701-7	2017	Women with FPLD2 showed a smaller intake of energy (kcal), lipids, and carbohydrates and a large intake of protein (p &lt; 0.01) compared to CG.	Carbohydrates	71-84	lamin A/C	Homo sapiens	11-16
28443701-11	2017	CONCLUSIONS: Women with FPLD2 have a lower intake of energy (kcal), lipids, and carbohydrates and greater changes in biochemical measurements.	Carbohydrates	80-93	lamin A/C	Homo sapiens	24-29
7131593-3	1982	We describe a technique for the ultrastructural localization of intracytoplasmic carbohydrates using a wheat germ agglutinin peroxidase conjugate.	Carbohydrates	81-94	peroxidase-like	Triticum aestivum	125-135
28287471-2	2017	These compounds were characterized as a group of macrolactones of operculinic acid A, and their lactonization site of 11S-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid was esterified at the second saccharide moiety (Rhamnose) at C-2.	Carbohydrates	176-186	complement C2	Homo sapiens	208-211
28635611-3	2017	The altered activities of the hepatic key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism such as hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycogen synthase, glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen content of diabetic rats were significantly reverted to near normal levels by the treatment of naringin in a dose-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	53-65	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	97-118
7247048-3	1981	The acrosomal membrane fraction (Mf 1) contains about 10% carbohydrates which are composed of fucose, mannose, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylneuraminic acid in the molar ratio 1:3:6:4.5:2:3.	Carbohydrates	58-71	flap structure-specific endonuclease 1	Homo sapiens	33-37
28721140-1	2017	INTRODUCTION: Adiponectin, leptin and resistin are adipokines that play important roles in the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in type 2 diabetes (T2DM).	Carbohydrates	119-131	leptin	Homo sapiens	27-33
28032919-1	2017	A key enzyme in brain glutamate homeostasis is glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) which links carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism mediating glutamate degradation to CO2 and expanding tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle capacity with intermediates, i.e. anaplerosis.	Carbohydrates	89-101	glutamate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	47-70
28032919-1	2017	A key enzyme in brain glutamate homeostasis is glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) which links carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism mediating glutamate degradation to CO2 and expanding tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle capacity with intermediates, i.e. anaplerosis.	Carbohydrates	89-101	glutamate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	72-75
6101236-2	1981	Analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gas/liquid chromatography indicated that the C3d-binding glycoprotein consisted of a single polypeptide chain with extensive intrachain disulfide bonds, a molecular weight of 72,000, and several different bound carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	285-298	endogenous retrovirus group K member 13	Homo sapiens	119-122
28244120-4	2017	Here, we report that compared to wild-type littermates, mice with a deficiency in the histone H3K9 methyltransferase suppressor of variegation 39 homolog 2 (Suv39h2, knockout) exhibited a less severe form of NASH induced by feeding with a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	254-266	suppressor of variegation 3-9 2	Mus musculus	157-164
28011674-4	2017	These SNPs reside in a region on chromosome 6q13 comprising the genes small ARF GAP1 (SMAP1), an ARF6 guanosine triphosphatase-activating protein that functions in clathrin-dependent endocytosis, and beta-1,3-glucoronyltransferase 2 (B3GAT2), a member of the human natural killer 1 carbohydrate pathway.	Carbohydrates	282-294	ADP ribosylation factor 6	Homo sapiens	97-101
6270289-8	1981	In contrast, glucose-6-phosphatase activity was enhanced in the animals of the 30% carbohydrate-50% fat diet group as compared to the other groups.	Carbohydrates	83-95	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-34
7430111-9	1980	This domain of fibronectin appears to be a unique region free of carbohydrate that is a globular, protease-resistant functional site.	Carbohydrates	65-77	fibronectin 1	Gallus gallus	15-26
28149202-10	2016	In particular, the altered abundance of kynureninase (KYNU) and HAL (histidine ammonia-lyase) involved in protein metabolic function, integrated with the changes of serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and glucose (GLU), suggest that overgrazing triggers a shift in energy resources from carbohydrates to proteins, causing poorer nitrogen utilization efficiency.	Carbohydrates	293-306	kynureninase	Ovis aries	54-58
28267232-0	2017	DCL2- and RDR6-dependent transitive silencing of SMXL4 and SMXL5 in Arabidopsis dcl4 mutants causes defective phloem transport and carbohydrate over-accumulation.	Carbohydrates	131-143	RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6	Arabidopsis thaliana	10-14
28267232-0	2017	DCL2- and RDR6-dependent transitive silencing of SMXL4 and SMXL5 in Arabidopsis dcl4 mutants causes defective phloem transport and carbohydrate over-accumulation.	Carbohydrates	131-143	Double Clp-N motif-containing P-loop nucleoside triphosphate hydrolases superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	49-54
7248356-2	1980	It was found that similar to bovine rhodopsin, the protein from wall-eyed pollock contains in its carbohydrate moiety only two types of monosaccharides, i. e. mannose and glucosamine (1,78 +/- 0,13 moles of mannose per one mole of glucosamine).	Carbohydrates	98-110	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	36-45
28470323-2	2017	Inhibition of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes using natural products (especially polyphenols) is a novel oral policy to regulate carbohydrate metabolism and hyperglycemia.	Carbohydrates	141-153	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	32-49
7248356-4	1980	The data obtained suggest a similarity of the carbohydrate component of wall-eyed pollock rhodopsin to that of the traditional object--bovine rhodopsin.	Carbohydrates	46-58	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	90-99
27762728-6	2017	The top 20 significant pathways predicted to be deregulated through miR-138-5p and/or miR-222-3p/target interaction included fat cell differentiation and deposits, lipid/carbohydrate homeostasis, response to stress, metabolic syndrome, heart disease, and ischemia.	Carbohydrates	170-182	microRNA 222	Homo sapiens	86-93
7248356-4	1980	The data obtained suggest a similarity of the carbohydrate component of wall-eyed pollock rhodopsin to that of the traditional object--bovine rhodopsin.	Carbohydrates	46-58	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	142-151
7406510-0	1980	Structural studies of the carbohydrate moiety of human antithrombin III.	Carbohydrates	26-38	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	55-71
28066324-1	2016	alpha-Glucosidase (extinction coefficient 3.2.1.20) is a primary carbohydrate metabolizing enzyme that acts on the 1-4 associated alpha-glucose residues.	Carbohydrates	65-77	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	0-17
28066324-2	2016	The inhibition of alpha-glucosidase slows down the process of carbohydrate digestion and avoids postprandial hyperglycemia, which is a major cause of chronic diabetes-associated complication.	Carbohydrates	62-74	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	18-35
27916646-2	2017	All three PPAR isotypes, PPARalpha, PPARbeta/delta, and PPARgamma, are activated by a variety of molecules, including fatty acids, eicosanoids and phospholipids, and regulate a spectrum of genes involved in development, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, inflammation, and proliferation and differentiation of many cell types in different tissues.	Carbohydrates	230-242	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	10-14
27916646-2	2017	All three PPAR isotypes, PPARalpha, PPARbeta/delta, and PPARgamma, are activated by a variety of molecules, including fatty acids, eicosanoids and phospholipids, and regulate a spectrum of genes involved in development, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, inflammation, and proliferation and differentiation of many cell types in different tissues.	Carbohydrates	230-242	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	25-34
27222530-0	2016	Impact of human galectin-1 binding to saccharide ligands on dimer dissociation kinetics and structure.	Carbohydrates	38-48	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	16-26
6247440-4	1980	These three peptides as well as intact HBsAg were found to have almost identical amino acid compositions and carbohydrate was detected in p27 and p68 by PAS staining.	Carbohydrates	109-121	interferon alpha inducible protein 27	Homo sapiens	138-141
27222530-2	2016	Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a prototype member of the galectin family, displays only one carbohydrate recognition domain and occurs in a subtle homodimerization equilibrium at physiologic concentrations.	Carbohydrates	81-93	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
27222530-2	2016	Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a prototype member of the galectin family, displays only one carbohydrate recognition domain and occurs in a subtle homodimerization equilibrium at physiologic concentrations.	Carbohydrates	81-93	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	12-17
91457-4	1979	These results suggest a possible alteration in the carbohydrate moiety of alpha 2-macroglobulin in cystic fibrosis, presumably due to a defective posttranslational process.	Carbohydrates	51-63	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Homo sapiens	74-95
26920336-2	2016	Three lectins with different carbohydrate specificities were used in this study to glycoprofile PSA, which is the most common biomarker for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis.	Carbohydrates	29-41	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	96-99
28212576-1	2017	Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a member of the galectin family of carbohydrate binding proteins, plays a pivotal role in various cellular processes of tumorigenesis.	Carbohydrates	55-67	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
28212576-1	2017	Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a member of the galectin family of carbohydrate binding proteins, plays a pivotal role in various cellular processes of tumorigenesis.	Carbohydrates	55-67	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	12-17
393391-5	1979	The relation of these and previous results concerning the carbohydrate-substrate specificity of yeast hexokinase in solution to X-ray crystallographic studies is discussed.	Carbohydrates	58-70	hexokinase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	102-112
28336747-7	2017	CONCLUSIONS: Lower CIMT was significantly associated with greater consumption of dietary pulses and carbohydrates and lower total and saturated fat intake, suggesting a potential role for diet in CVD risk management in type 2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	100-113	CIMT	Homo sapiens	19-23
27899526-9	2016	For comparison, we evaluated pre-BCR aggregation mediated by dimeric galectin-1, which has binding sites for carbohydrate and for the surrogate light chain lambda5 component.	Carbohydrates	109-121	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	69-79
315709-2	1979	The specific trypsin inhibitory activity and the amino acid and carbohydrate composition of the normal PiM1 and the variant PiM2 are very similar.	Carbohydrates	64-76	Pim-2 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	124-128
27836001-17	2016	CONCLUSION: Gal-1 from CAFs binds to a carbohydrate structure in beta1 integrin and plays an important role in the development of GC by inducing GC metastasis and EMT through targeting Gli1.	Carbohydrates	39-51	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	12-17
27487567-1	2016	alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors are known to prevent the digestion of carbohydrates and reduce the impact of carbohydrates on blood glucose.	Carbohydrates	67-80	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	0-17
27385422-1	2017	In this review, we discuss small-molecule, carbohydrate-based immunostimulants that target Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) and cluster of differentiation 1D (CD1d) receptors.	Carbohydrates	43-55	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	91-111
27385422-1	2017	In this review, we discuss small-molecule, carbohydrate-based immunostimulants that target Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) and cluster of differentiation 1D (CD1d) receptors.	Carbohydrates	43-55	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	113-118
27385422-1	2017	In this review, we discuss small-molecule, carbohydrate-based immunostimulants that target Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) and cluster of differentiation 1D (CD1d) receptors.	Carbohydrates	43-55	CD1d molecule	Homo sapiens	124-153
27385422-1	2017	In this review, we discuss small-molecule, carbohydrate-based immunostimulants that target Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) and cluster of differentiation 1D (CD1d) receptors.	Carbohydrates	43-55	CD1d molecule	Homo sapiens	155-159
27487567-1	2016	alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors are known to prevent the digestion of carbohydrates and reduce the impact of carbohydrates on blood glucose.	Carbohydrates	106-119	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	0-17
447724-0	1979	Structure of the carbohydrate moieties of bovine rhodopsin.	Carbohydrates	17-29	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	49-58
28035340-6	2016	Of the calorie restriction mimetics being investigated, we focus on the type 2 diabetes drug acarbose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor that when taken with a meal, results in reduced enzymatic degradation and absorption of glucose from complex carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	243-256	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	106-123
28452726-10	2017	Correlations of nesfatin-1 with carbohydrate profile components showed possible involvement of nesfatin-1 in carbohydrate disorders.	Carbohydrates	109-121	nucleobindin 2	Homo sapiens	95-105
28012856-1	2017	The fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5)/Irisin, a novel energy-regulating hormone, is associated with lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	125-137	fibronectin type III domain containing 5	Homo sapiens	4-44
108346-3	1979	The rhesus Hb Alc peak was identified with the TBA test, which revealed a carbohydrate content identical to that of human Hb A1c.	Carbohydrates	74-86	allantoicase	Homo sapiens	14-17
28012856-1	2017	The fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5)/Irisin, a novel energy-regulating hormone, is associated with lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	125-137	fibronectin type III domain containing 5	Homo sapiens	46-51
28012856-1	2017	The fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5)/Irisin, a novel energy-regulating hormone, is associated with lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	125-137	fibronectin type III domain containing 5	Homo sapiens	53-59
28064282-0	2017	High-Carbohydrate/Low-Fat Diet-Induced Gender-Specific Serum Lipid Profile Changes Are Associated with LEPR Polymorphisms in Chinese Youth.	Carbohydrates	5-17	leptin receptor	Homo sapiens	103-107
27438721-2	2016	Novel modifications biopharmaceutically introduced into the rEPO molecule in the form of carbohydrate or polyethylene glycol moieties made robust and sensitive test methods vital to doping controls in order to provide the necessary tools enabling the conviction of dishonest athletes.	Carbohydrates	89-101	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	60-64
27296316-4	2016	This effect was dependent on the carbohydrate recognition activity of Gal-1, as it was prevented using a Gal-1 mutant lacking carbohydrate-binding activity.	Carbohydrates	33-45	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	70-75
28064282-1	2017	BACKGROUND/AIMS: The study aimed to investigate the interactions of genetic variants in the leptin receptor (LEPR) gene with lipid profile changes following a high-carbohydrate/low-fat (HC/LF) diet in a Chinese Han population.	Carbohydrates	164-176	leptin receptor	Homo sapiens	92-107
28064282-1	2017	BACKGROUND/AIMS: The study aimed to investigate the interactions of genetic variants in the leptin receptor (LEPR) gene with lipid profile changes following a high-carbohydrate/low-fat (HC/LF) diet in a Chinese Han population.	Carbohydrates	164-176	leptin receptor	Homo sapiens	109-113
27579889-6	2016	Our results suggest that the carbohydrate residues of beta2-GPI do not participate in the function of anti-angiogenesis.	Carbohydrates	29-41	apolipoprotein H	Homo sapiens	54-63
447620-1	1979	Rhodopsin from the bovine rod outer segment contains a covalently linked carbohydrate moiety (Heller, J.	Carbohydrates	73-85	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	0-9
447620-8	1979	From these experiments we conclude that the carbohydrate moiety of bovine rhodopsin is located on the inner surface of the disk membrane, in agreement with the report by Rohlich on the frog rod outer segment disk membrane (Rohlich, P. (1976) Nature 263, 789--791).	Carbohydrates	44-56	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	74-83
27453716-14	2016	The leptin concentration was decreased by both the carbohydrate-free diet and starvation.	Carbohydrates	51-63	leptin	Homo sapiens	4-10
361444-1	1978	In rats fed for 4, 15, and 30 days with increased amount of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, considerable shifts occurred in activity of enzymes of the pancreas (amylase, protease, and lipase) and small intestine (gamma--amylase, maltase group, invertase, peptidhydrolase, monoglyceriflipase).	Carbohydrates	82-95	lipase G, endothelial type	Rattus norvegicus	175-195
26639943-0	2016	Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor luseogliflozin improves glycaemic control, assessed by continuous glucose monitoring, even on a low-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	141-153	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-30
26606276-4	2016	Among the most significantly up-regulated genes were regulators of carbohydrate transport, including HXT1, HXT3, HXT4, IMA5, MIG2, and YKR075C.	Carbohydrates	67-79	hexose transporter HXT3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	107-111
29491510-2	2017	Loss-of-function dilp mutation studies show that the neuropeptide DILP2 has a key role in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism as well as longevity and reproduction.	Carbohydrates	90-102	Insulin-like peptide 2	Drosophila melanogaster	66-71
670480-6	1978	It appears that goat kappa-casein, like cow, buffalo and ewe kappa-caseins, is composed of several fractions having identical peptide chains and differing in their carbohydrate contents.	Carbohydrates	164-176	kappa-casein	Capra hircus	21-33
28391889-8	2017	Increases in total apoC-III concentrations after the high-carbohydrate diet were associated with decreases in LDL size (r = -0.53, P = .001), and decreases in apoC-III concentrations after weight loss were associated with increases in LDL peak particle diameter (r = -0.54, P = .004).	Carbohydrates	58-70	apolipoprotein C3	Homo sapiens	19-27
27347041-3	2016	Growth hormone (GH) is a pleiotropic hormone that affects a broad spectrum of physiological functions, from carbohydrate and lipid metabolism to the immune response.	Carbohydrates	108-120	growth hormone	Mus musculus	0-14
922666-4	1977	Levels of bound carbohydrates reflect the sum of all the changes in serum glycoproteins, but primarily changes in the acute-phase proteins (alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, alpha 1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin) found in the alpha-globulin fraction of serum.	Carbohydrates	16-29	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	201-214
27347041-3	2016	Growth hormone (GH) is a pleiotropic hormone that affects a broad spectrum of physiological functions, from carbohydrate and lipid metabolism to the immune response.	Carbohydrates	108-120	growth hormone	Mus musculus	16-18
28494724-2	2017	It is well established that CLRs, such as Dectin-1, Dectin-2, Dectin-3 and Mincle recognize the cell wall component from the infected microorganisms by using their carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD).	Carbohydrates	164-176	C-type lectin domain containing 7A	Homo sapiens	42-50
28552410-2	2017	In a mouse model of fungal conidia aspiration, decreased relative levels of cell wall core carbohydrates beta-1,3-glucan to chitin in A. fumigatus isolates and mutant strains were correlated with increased airway eosinophil recruitment.	Carbohydrates	91-104	hemoglobin, beta adult major chain	Mus musculus	105-113
403026-4	1977	On the other hand, 4 fractions have been obtained by "DEAE-Sephadex" chromatography, study of which demonstrates that the microheterogeneity of the lactotransferrin depends on the carbohydrate moiety and especially on the N-acetylneuraminic acid content which varies from 0 to 2 residues.	Carbohydrates	180-192	lactotransferrin	Bos taurus	148-164
29149402-1	2017	The 19-24 kDa Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein (TCTP) is involved in a wide range of molecular interactions with biological and nonbiological partners of various chemical compositions such as proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, or small molecules.	Carbohydrates	235-248	tumor protein, translationally-controlled 1	Homo sapiens	14-54
826245-11	1976	Amino acid and carbohydrate compositions of isolated monkey alpha-1-antitrypsin were similar to those of human alpha-1-antitrypsin.	Carbohydrates	15-27	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	60-67
29149402-1	2017	The 19-24 kDa Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein (TCTP) is involved in a wide range of molecular interactions with biological and nonbiological partners of various chemical compositions such as proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, or small molecules.	Carbohydrates	235-248	tumor protein, translationally-controlled 1	Homo sapiens	56-60
27923067-0	2016	Chronological Lifespan in Yeast Is Dependent on the Accumulation of Storage Carbohydrates Mediated by Yak1, Mck1 and Rim15 Kinases.	Carbohydrates	76-89	serine/threonine protein kinase YAK1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	102-106
27923067-5	2016	The CLS of these signaling mutants, and those of the single, double and triple mutants of RIM15, YAK1 and MCK1 correlates well with the amount of storage carbohydrates but poorly with transition-phase cell cycle status.	Carbohydrates	154-167	serine/threonine protein kinase YAK1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	97-101
27923067-6	2016	Combined removal of the glycogen and trehalose biosynthetic genes, especially GSY2 and TPS1, nearly abolishes the accumulation of storage carbohydrates and severely reduces CLS.	Carbohydrates	138-151	glycogen (starch) synthase GSY2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	78-82
1256470-2	1976	Deficiency of sucrase-isomaltase, an intestinal enzyme complex that is essential for digestion of nutritionally important carbohydrates, appears to be inherited as an autosomal recessive in 0.2 per cent of North Americans.	Carbohydrates	122-135	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	14-32
27923067-8	2016	Furthermore, we reveal that the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species are cooperatively controlled by Yak1, Rim15 and Mck1, and the three kinases mediate the TOR1-regulated accumulation of storage carbohydrates and CLS extension.	Carbohydrates	207-220	serine/threonine protein kinase YAK1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	112-116
943183-2	1976	Upon incubation of the prothrombin for 30 h with a combination of neuraminidase, alpha- and beta-galactosidase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase in 4 mM diisopropylfluorophosphate at pH 5.3 and 30 degrees C, about 70% of the carbohydrates were removed without affecting the coagulation activity.	Carbohydrates	224-237	galactosidase beta 1	Bos taurus	81-110
27450456-10	2016	These results revealed the important relationship between dietary carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio and LEP expression in turbot.	Carbohydrates	66-78	leptin	Homo sapiens	98-101
169333-2	1975	In intact rats, 0.06% dietary calcium caused an increase in renal G6Pase activity in rats fed the high carbohydrate diet, and dietary calcium in excess (1.83%) caused the enzyme activity to decrease.	Carbohydrates	103-115	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	66-72
28040055-7	2016	Besides, the effects of carbohydrates such as sucrose, fructose, ribose and glucose on PPO activity were investigated.	Carbohydrates	24-37	Polyphenol oxidase, chloroplastic	Zea mays	87-90
169333-4	1975	In TPTX rats fed the high carbohydrate diet, the activity of renal G6Pase was significantly decreased compared with that of intact rats.	Carbohydrates	26-38	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	67-73
169333-9	1975	The results suggest that the activity of renal G6Pase of rats fed the high protein diet might be less susceptible both to dietary calcium levels and to parathyroid function than that of rats fed the high carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	204-216	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	47-53
1210202-3	1975	The vegetable oils, where are prevalent polysaturated fatty acids, provoke an accelerated utilization of carbohydrates in the synthesis of the glycerin structure of glycerides and phospholipids, as well as of the palimitic acid metabolites and the C-2 fragments in the liver cholesterol synthesis.	Carbohydrates	105-118	complement C2	Rattus norvegicus	248-251
27574189-16	2016	Overall, our findings highlight the complexity of glycan modifications on ADAMTS13, which may have implications for its interaction with immune- or clearance receptors containing carbohydrate recognition domains.	Carbohydrates	179-191	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 13	Homo sapiens	74-82
1234048-2	1975	The amino acid and carbohydrate composition of C1q purified by the DNA method are reported and compared with results obtained on C1q isolated by other procedures.	Carbohydrates	19-31	complement C1q A chain	Homo sapiens	47-50
4462752-16	1974	The cholinesterase contained 17.4% carbohydrate including 3.2% N-acetylneuraminic acid.	Carbohydrates	35-47	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	4-18
27283657-1	2016	This study investigated the impact of glucose polymer chain length on heat and physical stability of milk protein isolate (MPI)-carbohydrate nutritional beverages containing 8.5% w/w total protein and 5% w/w carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	128-140	subtilisin-chymotrypsin inhibitor homolog 1	Zea mays	123-126
4352715-8	1972	Reduction or oxidation of human and rabbit subcomponent C1q yielded three chains each having a molecular weight of approximately 23000 and which differed slightly in amino acid composition but markedly in carbohydrate content.	Carbohydrates	205-217	complement C1q A chain	Homo sapiens	56-59
27248050-5	2016	Considering the beneficial effects of PPAR-alpha-FGF21 signaling on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, further investigations are required to clarify its potential therapeutic applications in human metabolic disorders.	Carbohydrates	68-80	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	38-48
5533195-0	1970	Carbohydrates of bovine alpha-lactalbumin preparations.	Carbohydrates	0-13	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	24-41
27689327-0	2016	Low carbohydrate diet prevents Mcl-1-mediated resistance to BH3-mimetics.	Carbohydrates	4-16	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Homo sapiens	31-36
27689327-4	2016	Furthermore, using isocaloric custom diets, we observed that carbohydrates (CHO) are the main regulators of Mcl-1 expression within the food.	Carbohydrates	61-74	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Homo sapiens	108-113
27689327-5	2016	Indeed, feeding lymphoma-bearing mice with a diet having 25% less carbohydrates was sufficient to decrease Mcl-1 expression by 50% in lymphoma cells.	Carbohydrates	66-79	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Homo sapiens	107-112
27689327-8	2016	Thus reducing carbohydrate intake may represent a safe way to decrease Mcl-1 expression and to sensitize tumor cells to anti-cancer therapeutics.	Carbohydrates	14-26	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Homo sapiens	71-76
4388243-8	1969	Weaning rats on to an artificial rat-milk diet prevented the rise in glutathione reductase activity associated with weaning on to the usual diet high in carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	153-165	glutathione-disulfide reductase	Rattus norvegicus	69-90
27677986-8	2016	Moreover, ineffective tricarboxylic acid cycle replenishment, disturbed carbohydrate metabolism, reduced phytosterol biosynthesis, and delayed energy regeneration were found in gdh1gdh2 and ethylene mutants during reoxygenation.	Carbohydrates	72-84	glutamate dehydrogenase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	177-185
13943348-0	1962	Studies on the metabolism of carbohydrates at sea level and at high altitudes.	Carbohydrates	29-42	S13 erythroblastosis (avian) oncogene homolog	Homo sapiens	46-49
27755794-8	2016	The area under the ROC curve of plasma HOTAIR was 0.80 (sensitivity 69.2%; specificity 93.3%), which was higher than the carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 15-3 values obtained.	Carbohydrates	150-162	HOX transcript antisense RNA	Homo sapiens	39-45
33875193-7	2021	GH (glycoside hydrolase) and GT (lycosyl transferase) were the two most highly expressed carbohydrate-active enzymes.	Carbohydrates	89-101	gamma-glutamyl hydrolase	Homo sapiens	0-2
27795900-18	2016	Low level of irisin is associated with the impaired carbohydrate metabolism in term infants with SGA.	Carbohydrates	52-64	fibronectin type III domain containing 5	Homo sapiens	13-19
27063365-1	2016	BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) is a tightly regulated enzyme that controls carbohydrate partitioning to organic acid anions (malate, citrate) excreted in copious amounts by cluster roots of inorganic phosphate (Pi)-deprived white lupin plants.	Carbohydrates	104-116	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Homo sapiens	21-52
27063365-1	2016	BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) is a tightly regulated enzyme that controls carbohydrate partitioning to organic acid anions (malate, citrate) excreted in copious amounts by cluster roots of inorganic phosphate (Pi)-deprived white lupin plants.	Carbohydrates	104-116	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Homo sapiens	54-58
33875193-7	2021	GH (glycoside hydrolase) and GT (lycosyl transferase) were the two most highly expressed carbohydrate-active enzymes.	Carbohydrates	89-101	gamma-glutamyl hydrolase	Homo sapiens	4-23
33929203-1	2021	E-selectin is a cell-adhesion receptor with specific recognition capacity toward sialo-fucosylated Lewis carbohydrates present in leukocytes and tumor cells.	Carbohydrates	105-118	selectin E	Homo sapiens	0-10
27440446-1	2016	Human galectin-1 is a member of the galectin family, proteins with conserved carbohydrate-recognition domains that bind galactoside.	Carbohydrates	77-89	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	6-16
27560542-3	2016	Herein, we studied the carbohydrate recognition domain of Langerin, a C-type lectin receptor involved in the host defense against viruses such as HIV and influenza as well as bacteria and fungi.	Carbohydrates	23-35	C-type lectin domain family 4 member D	Homo sapiens	70-92
33990225-6	2021	Transcripts regulated by TOR-signaling did, however, respond to dietary carbohydrate in a sex-specific manner.	Carbohydrates	72-84	Target of rapamycin	Drosophila melanogaster	25-28
33990225-7	2021	In females, expression of dILP5 positively correlated with body size, while expression of dILP2,3 and 8, was elevated on diets with a low concentration of both carbohydrate and protein.	Carbohydrates	160-172	Insulin-like peptide 2	Drosophila melanogaster	90-103
33979237-5	2021	RESULTS: VAI and LAP had the highest predictive value for the presence of carbohydrate disturbances.	Carbohydrates	74-86	LAP	Homo sapiens	17-20
27509375-5	2016	As a novel finding, we show that PCB126 significantly decreases CREB phosphorylation, which is important for regulating both gluconeogenesis and fatty acid oxidation in the liver and explains CREB"s integrative effects on both carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in PCB126 toxicity.	Carbohydrates	227-239	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	64-68
27509375-5	2016	As a novel finding, we show that PCB126 significantly decreases CREB phosphorylation, which is important for regulating both gluconeogenesis and fatty acid oxidation in the liver and explains CREB"s integrative effects on both carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in PCB126 toxicity.	Carbohydrates	227-239	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	192-196
27296714-8	2016	A dynamic proteomic analysis revealed that ribosome synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism affect seed germination possibly through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway.	Carbohydrates	66-78	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta	Homo sapiens	135-160
33560565-4	2021	It was found that W2476 promotes competitive binding of FOXO1 (Forkhead box O1 transcription factor) to the carbohydrate response element (ChoRE) sequence associated with ChREBP (ChoRE-binding protein)/Mlx (Mlx interacting protein like) complexes.	Carbohydrates	108-120	forkhead box O1	Mus musculus	56-61
30192493-8	2016	Thus, T1R3-mediated visceral reception of metabolites is involved in control of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	80-92	taste receptor, type 1, member 3	Mus musculus	6-10
27379793-1	2016	PURPOSE: This investigation examined if a high carbohydrate (CHO) diet, maintained across a seven-day training period, could attenuate post-exercise interleukin-6 (IL-6) and serum hepcidin levels.	Carbohydrates	47-59	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	180-188
33560565-4	2021	It was found that W2476 promotes competitive binding of FOXO1 (Forkhead box O1 transcription factor) to the carbohydrate response element (ChoRE) sequence associated with ChREBP (ChoRE-binding protein)/Mlx (Mlx interacting protein like) complexes.	Carbohydrates	108-120	MAX-like protein X	Mus musculus	202-205
27296316-4	2016	This effect was dependent on the carbohydrate recognition activity of Gal-1, as it was prevented using a Gal-1 mutant lacking carbohydrate-binding activity.	Carbohydrates	33-45	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	105-110
27203178-5	2016	At the G1/S transition, Cdk1 phosphorylates and activates the enzyme Nth1, which funnels the storage carbohydrate trehalose into central carbon metabolism.	Carbohydrates	101-113	cyclin-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase CDC28	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	24-28
27296316-4	2016	This effect was dependent on the carbohydrate recognition activity of Gal-1, as it was prevented using a Gal-1 mutant lacking carbohydrate-binding activity.	Carbohydrates	126-138	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	70-75
33524399-11	2021	Leptin was associated with expression of epithelial carbohydrate metabolism and stem cell renewal genes.	Carbohydrates	52-64	leptin	Homo sapiens	0-6
27296316-4	2016	This effect was dependent on the carbohydrate recognition activity of Gal-1, as it was prevented using a Gal-1 mutant lacking carbohydrate-binding activity.	Carbohydrates	126-138	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	105-110
27203178-5	2016	At the G1/S transition, Cdk1 phosphorylates and activates the enzyme Nth1, which funnels the storage carbohydrate trehalose into central carbon metabolism.	Carbohydrates	101-113	alpha,alpha-trehalase NTH1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	69-73
27203179-4	2016	Here we focus on two metabolic enzymes of the yeast S. cerevisiae, neutral trehalase (Nth1) and glycogen phosphorylase (Gph1), and show that their activities are likely directly controlled by CDK activity, thus allowing co-ordinate regulation of carbohydrate metabolism with cell division processes.	Carbohydrates	246-258	alpha,alpha-trehalase NTH1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	86-90
33889468-5	2021	However recent data has shown that SGLT2 inhibitors, particularly empagliflozin, carry the risk of inducing euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis under certain circumstances such as acute illness, and decreased carbohydrate intake, decrease in dose, or discontinuation of insulin.	Carbohydrates	206-218	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	35-40
27171400-5	2016	Dilp2 expression was greatest upon diets with low protein-to-carbohydrate ratio regardless of total caloric value.	Carbohydrates	61-73	Insulin-like peptide 2	Drosophila melanogaster	0-5
27153231-2	2016	Nesfatin-1, plays a role in carbohydrate metabolism by inhibiting glucagon secretion, besides has a glucose-dependent insulinotropic effect.	Carbohydrates	28-40	nucleobindin 2	Homo sapiens	0-10
33864366-6	2021	Notably, multiple loci near transient receptor potential subfamily M genes (TRPM2 and TRPM3) interacted with carbohydrate-containing food groups.	Carbohydrates	109-121	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 3	Homo sapiens	86-91
27358401-6	2016	This binding was inhibited by mannosidase treatment of H. alvei LPS and by mutations in the carbohydrate-binding domain of Dectin-2, demonstrating that H. alvei LPS is a novel glycan ligand of Dectin-2.	Carbohydrates	92-104	C-type lectin domain containing 6A	Homo sapiens	123-131
27358401-6	2016	This binding was inhibited by mannosidase treatment of H. alvei LPS and by mutations in the carbohydrate-binding domain of Dectin-2, demonstrating that H. alvei LPS is a novel glycan ligand of Dectin-2.	Carbohydrates	92-104	C-type lectin domain containing 6A	Homo sapiens	193-201
27446438-9	2016	Furthermore, multivariate analysis indicated that overexpression of MALAT1, differentiation (poor), tumor-node-metastasis stage (IV), lymph node metastasis (N3), peritoneal invasion (present) and higher serum carbohydrate antigen 125 levels were independent predictors of survival (hazard ratio, 3.322; P=0.028) in patients with EOC.	Carbohydrates	209-221	metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1	Homo sapiens	68-74
26872155-8	2016	The PNGase F coated magnetic beads offered comparable deglycosylation level to the conventional in-solution based method in 10-min reaction times for the model glycoproteins of immunoglobulin G (mostly neutral carbohydrates), ribonuclease B (high mannose type sugars), and fetuin (highly sialylated oligosaccharides) with the special features of easy removal of the enzyme from the reaction mixture and reusability.	Carbohydrates	210-223	N-glycanase 1	Homo sapiens	4-10
26684586-6	2016	The carbohydrate portion of basigin is recognized by lectins, such as galectin-3 and E-selectin.	Carbohydrates	4-16	basigin (Ok blood group)	Homo sapiens	28-35
26684586-6	2016	The carbohydrate portion of basigin is recognized by lectins, such as galectin-3 and E-selectin.	Carbohydrates	4-16	selectin E	Homo sapiens	85-95
27087647-1	2016	Galectin-1 (Gal-1) dimers crosslink carbohydrates on cell surface receptors.	Carbohydrates	36-49	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
27087647-1	2016	Galectin-1 (Gal-1) dimers crosslink carbohydrates on cell surface receptors.	Carbohydrates	36-49	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	12-17
33894679-6	2021	Flies with mutations of dilp2, dilp3, dilp4, dilp5, and dilp6 genes consumed larger amounts of carbohydrate from 4-10% sucrose solutions as compared to the wild type.	Carbohydrates	95-107	Insulin-like peptide 2	Drosophila melanogaster	24-29
27432888-8	2016	Transcriptome and promoter network analyses revealed that the TT8 regulome included sugar transporters, proteins involved in sugar binding and sequestration, and a number of carbohydrate-active enzymes.	Carbohydrates	174-186	basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) DNA-binding superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	62-65
33894679-6	2021	Flies with mutations of dilp2, dilp3, dilp4, dilp5, and dilp6 genes consumed larger amounts of carbohydrate from 4-10% sucrose solutions as compared to the wild type.	Carbohydrates	95-107	Insulin-like peptide 6	Drosophila melanogaster	56-61
26802354-9	2016	The exposure to vanadium and PAHs may cause a reduction in the levels of amino acids and carbohydrates by elevating PPAR and insulin signaling, as well as oxidative/nitrosative stress.	Carbohydrates	89-102	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	116-120
33933257-1	2021	BACKGROUND: Galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal) is a carbohydrate that is ubiquitously expressed in all mammals except for primates and humans.	Carbohydrates	59-71	GLA	Sus scrofa	43-52
26773662-3	2016	In this work, we investigated a multifunctional carbohydrate-based drug candidate, tri-butanoylated N-acetyl-D-galactosamine analog (3,4,6-O-Bu3GalNAc) that induced cartilage tissue production by human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and human OA chondrocytes by modulating Wnt/beta-catenin signaling activity.	Carbohydrates	48-60	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	277-289
27468931-6	2016	Our results showed that during shoot apical meristem (SAM) development cell division proteins, carbohydrate metabolism-related proteins, and flower inhibition-related proteins were more abundant in the ZmCCT-positive line than the ZmCCT-negative line.	Carbohydrates	95-107	CCT	Zea mays	202-207
27471597-4	2016	Risk factors for the development of ketoacidosis among patients who take SGLT-2 inhibitors include decrease carbohydrate intake/starvation, acute illness and decrease in insulin dose.	Carbohydrates	108-120	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	73-79
33085904-8	2021	SCFAs, products of microbial metabolism of complex carbohydrates of breastmilk oligosaccharides, have been found with this study to induce an anti-IL-1beta response that is associated with an upregulation of tight junctions and mucus genes in epithelial cells (H4 cells).	Carbohydrates	51-64	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	147-155
27454418-1	2016	BACKGROUND: alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase digest the carbohydrates and increase the postprandial glucose level in diabetic patients.	Carbohydrates	59-72	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	30-47
26876167-4	2016	Moreover, metabolic profiling of mice deficient in muscle MTCH2 reveals a preference for carbohydrate utilization and an increase in mitochondria and glycolytic flux in muscles.	Carbohydrates	89-101	mitochondrial carrier 2	Mus musculus	58-63
33958276-4	2021	Since fungal but not mammalian cells are encased in a carbohydrate-containing cell wall, which is required for the growth and viability of fungi, the inhibition of cell wall synthesizing machinery, such as beta(1,3)-D-glucan synthases (GS) and chitin synthases (CS) that catalyze the synthesis of beta(1-3)-D-glucan and chitin, respectively, represent an ideal mode of action of antifungal agents.	Carbohydrates	54-66	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-18 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	297-305
33635872-7	2021	Isolated constructs composed only of the neck and carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-D also bind to histone H4 and partially limit neutrophil responses to it.	Carbohydrates	50-62	H4 clustered histone 6	Homo sapiens	103-113
27176937-9	2016	In this study, we addressed this question by analysing sLex expression together with two glycoproteins (BST-2 and LGALS3BP), shown to interact with E-selectin in a carbohydrate-dependent manner, in a cohort of 249 invasive breast cancers.	Carbohydrates	164-176	galectin 3 binding protein	Homo sapiens	114-122
27176937-9	2016	In this study, we addressed this question by analysing sLex expression together with two glycoproteins (BST-2 and LGALS3BP), shown to interact with E-selectin in a carbohydrate-dependent manner, in a cohort of 249 invasive breast cancers.	Carbohydrates	164-176	selectin E	Homo sapiens	148-158
33594331-1	2021	Glycaemic index (GI) testing provides a useful point of comparison between carbohydrate sources.	Carbohydrates	75-87	G protein subunit alpha i1	Homo sapiens	17-19
27350617-6	2016	We found that the selected carbohydrates affected the adherences of LM1 to IPEC-J2 cells and of LGG to mucin.	Carbohydrates	27-40	lymphomyeloid antigen 1	Mus musculus	68-71
33649621-2	2021	He was also on a low-carbohydrate diet that promoted ketosis under sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor administration.	Carbohydrates	21-33	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	67-97
27074314-1	2016	Polysialic acid (PSA) is a carbohydrate polymer of repeating alpha-2,8 sialic acid residues that decorates multiple targets, including neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM).	Carbohydrates	27-39	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	135-164
27074314-1	2016	Polysialic acid (PSA) is a carbohydrate polymer of repeating alpha-2,8 sialic acid residues that decorates multiple targets, including neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM).	Carbohydrates	27-39	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	166-170
27350236-5	2016	Soil K deficiency significantly accelerated fiber cellulose accumulation and dehydration processes, which, together with previous findings, suggests that the low-K induced carbohydrate acquisition difficulty could cause disordered fiber development by stimulating the expression of functional proteins such as CDKA (cyclin-dependent kinase).	Carbohydrates	172-184	cell division control protein 2 homolog A	Gossypium hirsutum	310-314
27350236-5	2016	Soil K deficiency significantly accelerated fiber cellulose accumulation and dehydration processes, which, together with previous findings, suggests that the low-K induced carbohydrate acquisition difficulty could cause disordered fiber development by stimulating the expression of functional proteins such as CDKA (cyclin-dependent kinase).	Carbohydrates	172-184	cell division control protein 2 homolog A	Gossypium hirsutum	316-339
33649621-2	2021	He was also on a low-carbohydrate diet that promoted ketosis under sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor administration.	Carbohydrates	21-33	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	99-104
33649621-4	2021	Although SGLT2 inhibitors generally improve the lipid profile, under certain conditions such as a low-carbohydrate diet, they may adversely exacerbate the lipid profile via ketosis.	Carbohydrates	102-114	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	9-14
33175589-2	2021	When laboratory rats are switched to higher carbohydrate diet, activity of intestinal sucrase-isomaltase (SI) increases within 6-12 h, mainly by rapid increase in enzyme transcription followed by rapid translation and translocation to the intestine"s apical, brush border membrane (BBM).	Carbohydrates	44-56	sucrase-isomaltase	Rattus norvegicus	86-104
27222580-9	2016	N-linked glycans and carbohydrate-binding molecular chaperones contribute to the efficient folding and secretion of functional ATIII.	Carbohydrates	21-33	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	127-132
27274759-11	2016	Our findings suggest that the association between FTO SNPs and obesity might be influenced by carbohydrate and dietary fibre intake and physical inactivity.	Carbohydrates	94-106	FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	50-53
33175589-2	2021	When laboratory rats are switched to higher carbohydrate diet, activity of intestinal sucrase-isomaltase (SI) increases within 6-12 h, mainly by rapid increase in enzyme transcription followed by rapid translation and translocation to the intestine"s apical, brush border membrane (BBM).	Carbohydrates	44-56	sucrase-isomaltase	Rattus norvegicus	106-108
32525264-2	2021	Here, we solved the crystal structure of dimeric Gal-14, and found that its global fold is significantly different from that of other galectins with two beta-strands (S5 and S6) extending from one monomer and contributing to the carbohydrate binding domain of the other.	Carbohydrates	229-241	galectin 14	Homo sapiens	49-55
27076398-6	2016	The results suggest that the promotion of carbohydrate metabolism by LIN6 and TOMSSF in IL8-3 fruit at 20 DAF affects SlGOGAT expression and amino acid accumulation via higher sugar concentration at the late stage of fruit development.	Carbohydrates	42-54	acid invertase	Solanum lycopersicum	69-73
33450656-0	2021	A carbohydrate-restricted diet for patients with irritable bowel syndrome lowers serum C-peptide, insulin, and leptin without any correlation with symptom reduction.	Carbohydrates	2-14	leptin	Homo sapiens	111-117
27145787-1	2016	alpha-Glucosidase is a critical metabolic enzyme that produces glucose molecules by catalyzing carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	95-108	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	0-17
32781282-8	2021	Additionally, Nf1+/- mice are highly reliant on carbohydrates as an energy substrate and display increased glucose clearance and insulin sensitivity, but normal response to pyruvate suggesting enhanced glucose utilization and preserved gluconeogenesis.	Carbohydrates	48-61	neurofibromin 1	Mus musculus	14-17
26950805-5	2016	Patent applications pertaining to galectin-1 inhibitors are categorised as monovalent- and multivalent-carbohydrate-based inhibitors, peptides- and peptidomimetics.	Carbohydrates	103-115	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	34-44
27483701-2	2016	More recently, leptin was proven to exert other multiple roles in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, reproductive system, and inflammatory and immune reactions.	Carbohydrates	66-78	leptin	Homo sapiens	15-21
33038510-0	2021	Microfibril associated protein 4 (MFAP4) is a carrier of the tumor associated carbohydrate sialyl Lewis X (sLex) in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.	Carbohydrates	78-90	microfibril associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-32
33038510-0	2021	Microfibril associated protein 4 (MFAP4) is a carrier of the tumor associated carbohydrate sialyl Lewis X (sLex) in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.	Carbohydrates	78-90	microfibril associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	34-39
26959981-0	2016	UCP1 and UCP3 Expression Is Associated with Lipid and Carbohydrate Oxidation and Body Composition.	Carbohydrates	54-66	uncoupling protein 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
26959981-12	2016	Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the UCP1 and UCP3 genes contributed to lipid and carbohydrate oxidation.	Carbohydrates	97-109	uncoupling protein 1	Homo sapiens	52-56
33296468-1	2021	BACKGROUND: The quality of carbohydrate consumed, assessed by the glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), or carbohydrate quality index (CQI), affects the postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses, which have been implicated in the etiology of several chronic diseases.	Carbohydrates	27-39	G protein subunit alpha i1	Homo sapiens	82-84
26959981-14	2016	CONCLUSIONS: UCP1 and UCP3 expression is associated with lipid and carbohydrate oxidation in patients submitted to bariatric surgery.	Carbohydrates	67-79	uncoupling protein 1	Homo sapiens	13-17
33481370-4	2020	Leptin and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma(PPARgamma) are involved in carbohydrate metabolism and reproduction function regulation.	Carbohydrates	87-99	leptin	Homo sapiens	0-6
26471343-3	2016	Here we hypothesized that lipase deficiency might impact on insulin sensitivity and metabolic homeostasis in adipocytes not just by enhancing lipid accumulation, but also by altering lipid and carbohydrate catabolism in a peroxisome proliferator-activated nuclear receptor (PPAR)-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	193-205	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	222-272
33388127-3	2020	Herein, we provide a brief overview of the progress made on the development of synthetic carbohydrate-based epitope mimics for the elicitation of bnAbs directed to certain regions on Env gp120 protein: the outer domain high-mannose cluster and the variable loops V1V2 and V3.	Carbohydrates	89-101	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	187-192
26921030-3	2016	Specifically, the VLP constructs contain the entire protein sequence and are comprised of native membrane components including lipids, cholesterol, carbohydrates and cellular proteins.	Carbohydrates	148-161	VHL like	Homo sapiens	18-21
26800264-0	2016	Environmental Stability of Seed Carbohydrate Profiles in Soybeans Containing Different Alleles of the Raffinose Synthase 2 (RS2) Gene.	Carbohydrates	32-44	RS2	Glycine max	102-122
26800264-0	2016	Environmental Stability of Seed Carbohydrate Profiles in Soybeans Containing Different Alleles of the Raffinose Synthase 2 (RS2) Gene.	Carbohydrates	32-44	RS2	Glycine max	124-127
26800264-8	2016	The results define the carbohydrate variation in distinct regional and temporal environments using soybean lines with different alleles of the RS2 gene.	Carbohydrates	23-35	RS2	Glycine max	143-146
32738448-3	2020	Herein we report reduced reticulon-4 (Nogo) expression protected mice against high-carbohydrate diet-induced metabolic disorders by regulating ChREBP and insulin activity.	Carbohydrates	83-95	reticulon 4	Mus musculus	25-36
26744303-1	2016	alpha-Glucosidase is a vital enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	39-51	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	0-17
26933443-2	2016	We showed previously that mice with genetically inactivated Acads, encoding short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD), shift food consumption away from fat and toward carbohydrate when tested in a macronutrient choice paradigm.	Carbohydrates	167-179	acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, short chain	Mus musculus	112-116
26760440-0	2016	Quantitation of Alpha-Glucosidase Activity Using Fluorinated Carbohydrate Array and MALDI-TOF-MS. Quantitation of alpha-glucosidase (alpha-GD) activity is of significance to diagnosis of many diseases including Pompe disease and type II diabetes.	Carbohydrates	61-73	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	16-33
26760440-0	2016	Quantitation of Alpha-Glucosidase Activity Using Fluorinated Carbohydrate Array and MALDI-TOF-MS. Quantitation of alpha-glucosidase (alpha-GD) activity is of significance to diagnosis of many diseases including Pompe disease and type II diabetes.	Carbohydrates	61-73	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	114-131
26760440-0	2016	Quantitation of Alpha-Glucosidase Activity Using Fluorinated Carbohydrate Array and MALDI-TOF-MS. Quantitation of alpha-glucosidase (alpha-GD) activity is of significance to diagnosis of many diseases including Pompe disease and type II diabetes.	Carbohydrates	61-73	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	133-141
26760440-1	2016	We report here a new method to determine alpha-GD activity using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) in combination with carbohydrate microarray and affinity surface chemistry.	Carbohydrates	181-193	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	41-49
26575305-7	2016	Among all of these, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors reduces postprandial hyperglycemia by delaying carbohydrate absorption from the intestine and this mechanism provides glycemic control without exacerbating coexisting cerebrovascular risk factors.	Carbohydrates	96-108	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	20-37
32738448-3	2020	Herein we report reduced reticulon-4 (Nogo) expression protected mice against high-carbohydrate diet-induced metabolic disorders by regulating ChREBP and insulin activity.	Carbohydrates	83-95	reticulon 4	Mus musculus	38-42
32738448-11	2020	Reduction of Nogo expression can be a potential strategy for treatment of high-carbohydrate diet-induced metabolic complications.	Carbohydrates	79-91	reticulon 4	Mus musculus	13-17
33244923-3	2020	Here, we discuss the regulatory effects of MYB transcription factors on the development of anther, including tapetum development, anther dehiscence, pollen development, carbohydrates and hormone pathways.	Carbohydrates	169-182	MYB proto-oncogene, transcription factor	Homo sapiens	43-46
26581031-5	2016	BACKGROUND: Antithrombin III (AT)beta is an isoform of AT that lacks the post-translational carbohydrate modification at Asn135.	Carbohydrates	92-104	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	12-28
26621732-2	2016	Here we report the development of polyvalent complexes of CD1b proteins and carbohydrate backbones (dextramers) and their use in identifying CD1b autoreactive T cells from human donors.	Carbohydrates	76-88	CD1b molecule	Homo sapiens	141-145
25644180-10	2016	However, FTO genotype (TA/AA vs. TT) was associated with significantly increased CHD risk only in subjects with low E% from fat (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.11-1.66) or saturated fatty acids (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.10-1.69), or in subjects with high E% from carbohydrate (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.07-1.61) or protein (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.13-1.75).	Carbohydrates	243-255	FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	9-12
26396236-5	2016	In addition, transgenic BTG1-overexpressing mice were resistant to high-carbohydrate diet-induced insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	72-84	BTG anti-proliferation factor 1	Mus musculus	24-28
33312519-1	2020	The strategy of reducing carbohydrate digestibility by controlling the activity of two hydrolyzing enzymes (alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase) to control postprandial hyperglycemia is considered as a viable prophylactic treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Carbohydrates	25-37	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	126-143
27150868-3	2016	We herein describe a case in which concurrent therapy with a low-carbohydrate diet using low-glycemic-index food and an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, miglitol, very effectively ameliorated the postprandial fluctuations in the blood glucose and plasma insulin levels in a patient with reactive hypoglycemia due to late dumping syndrome following total gastrectomy.	Carbohydrates	65-77	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	120-137
26655500-0	2016	MULTIMERIN2 binds VEGF-A primarily via the carbohydrate chains exerting an angiostatic function and impairing tumor growth.	Carbohydrates	43-55	multimerin 2	Homo sapiens	0-11
26018229-4	2016	PPAR includes three isoforms: PPAR-alpha, PPAR- beta and PPAR- gamma, all of which are exerting critical influences on the maintenance of the metabolism of saccharides, lipids and proteins.	Carbohydrates	156-167	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-4
33141242-13	2021	Moreover, CYP1A2 activity was decreased by high carbohydrate diet, increased by high protein diet and fasting and unchanged by malnutrition.	Carbohydrates	48-60	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2	Homo sapiens	10-16
26018229-4	2016	PPAR includes three isoforms: PPAR-alpha, PPAR- beta and PPAR- gamma, all of which are exerting critical influences on the maintenance of the metabolism of saccharides, lipids and proteins.	Carbohydrates	156-167	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	30-40
27697034-3	2016	On proof-of-principle level, we here describe the design of a hybrid constituted by the N-terminal tail of chimera-type galectin-3 and the Nterminal carbohydrate recognition domain of tandem-repeat-type galectin-8, its production, purification and its serine phosphorylation characteristic for galectin- 3"s tail.	Carbohydrates	149-161	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	203-213
26608926-2	2016	MBL binds to carbohydrates on microorganism"s surfaces leading to complement activation, opsonization and phagocytosis.	Carbohydrates	13-26	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
32916220-2	2020	The carbohydrate hydrolysing enzyme, alpha-glucosidase, is generally competitively inhibited by the alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and results in the delayed glucose absorption in small intestine, ultimately controlling the postprandial hyperglycemia.	Carbohydrates	4-16	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	37-54
26335627-0	2015	Acute dietary carbohydrate manipulation and the subsequent inflammatory and hepcidin responses to exercise.	Carbohydrates	14-26	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	76-84
26335627-1	2015	PURPOSE: To examine the effects of 24-h controlled carbohydrate intake on next day pre- and post-exercise inflammatory and hepcidin responses.	Carbohydrates	51-63	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	123-131
32916220-2	2020	The carbohydrate hydrolysing enzyme, alpha-glucosidase, is generally competitively inhibited by the alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and results in the delayed glucose absorption in small intestine, ultimately controlling the postprandial hyperglycemia.	Carbohydrates	4-16	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	100-117
26335627-10	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Twenty-four hours of controlled low carbohydrate intake resulted in higher baseline hepcidin levels and post-exercise IL-6 responses than a high carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	49-61	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	97-105
32280962-5	2020	We confirmed that PSG1 binds to Gal-1 in a carbohydrate-dependent manner with an affinity of the interaction of 0.13 muM.	Carbohydrates	43-55	pregnancy specific beta-1-glycoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	18-22
26397098-4	2015	Trpm5-/- mice gained significantly less body weight and fat mass on both palatable carbohydrate and fat rich cafeteria diet and 60% high fat diet (HFD) and developed less insulin resistance compared to wild type mice.	Carbohydrates	83-95	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 5	Mus musculus	0-5
32280962-5	2020	We confirmed that PSG1 binds to Gal-1 in a carbohydrate-dependent manner with an affinity of the interaction of 0.13 muM.	Carbohydrates	43-55	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	32-37
33076263-4	2020	FAK and IRS-1 activity were only elevated 1 h post-exercise with carbohydrate ingestion (p < 0.05).	Carbohydrates	65-77	insulin receptor substrate 1	Homo sapiens	8-13
27682106-8	2015	Mutants lacking the C-terminal bipartite motif exhibited reduced growth rates on starch as the sole carbon and energy source; therefore, association of AmyA with the membrane improves carbohydrate utilization.	Carbohydrates	184-196	glycoside hydrolase family 57 protein	Saccharolobus solfataricus	152-156
32445493-1	2020	C-type lectin receptor (CLR) carbohydrate binding proteins found on immune cells with important functions in pathogen recognition as well as self and non-self-differentiation are increasingly moving into the focus of drug developers as targets for the immune therapy of cancer autoimmune diseases and inflammation and to improve the efficacy of vaccines.	Carbohydrates	29-41	C-type lectin domain family 4 member D	Homo sapiens	0-22
26116885-6	2015	We demonstrate for the first time that reduced galectin-1 directly binds farnesyl and does so in a carbohydrate-independent manner.	Carbohydrates	99-111	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	47-57
32445493-1	2020	C-type lectin receptor (CLR) carbohydrate binding proteins found on immune cells with important functions in pathogen recognition as well as self and non-self-differentiation are increasingly moving into the focus of drug developers as targets for the immune therapy of cancer autoimmune diseases and inflammation and to improve the efficacy of vaccines.	Carbohydrates	29-41	C-type lectin domain family 4 member D	Homo sapiens	24-27
33006707-4	2021	Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) are compounds that function predominantly within the gastrointestinal tract to inhibit alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase enzymatic digestion of complex carbohydrates, delaying and decreasing monosaccharide uptake from the gut in the treatment of T2D.	Carbohydrates	190-203	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	0-17
26417418-0	2015	Case of ketoacidosis by a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor in a diabetic patient with a low-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	100-112	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	26-56
26417418-1	2015	We present a case of a 32-year-old diabetic woman with Prader-Willi syndrome who developed severe ketoacidosis caused by a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, a novel class of antihyperglycemic agents, during a strict low-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	236-248	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	123-153
26417418-1	2015	We present a case of a 32-year-old diabetic woman with Prader-Willi syndrome who developed severe ketoacidosis caused by a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, a novel class of antihyperglycemic agents, during a strict low-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	236-248	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	155-160
26417418-4	2015	It is necessary to not only pay attention when using a SGLT2 inhibitor in patients following a low-carbohydrate diet, but also to start a low-carbohydrate diet in patients treated with a SGLT2 inhibitor because of a high risk for developing ketoacidosis.	Carbohydrates	99-111	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	55-60
26417418-4	2015	It is necessary to not only pay attention when using a SGLT2 inhibitor in patients following a low-carbohydrate diet, but also to start a low-carbohydrate diet in patients treated with a SGLT2 inhibitor because of a high risk for developing ketoacidosis.	Carbohydrates	142-154	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	187-192
33039052-0	2020	Novel carbohydrate-triazole derivatives as potential alpha-glucosidase inhibitors.	Carbohydrates	6-18	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	53-70
25862466-0	2015	The Antibacterial Effects of an Antimicrobial Peptide Human beta-Defensin 3 Fused with Carbohydrate-Binding Domain on Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14.	Carbohydrates	87-99	defensin beta 103B	Homo sapiens	60-75
32686845-4	2020	We demonstrate here that an improved endurance capacity with high carbohydrate loading is associated with a temporal shift in the utilization of the distinct stores of glycogen pools and is closely linked to the content of the glycogen pool closest to actin and myosin (intramyofibrillar glycogen).	Carbohydrates	66-78	myosin heavy chain 14	Homo sapiens	262-268
33083375-3	2020	However, limited information is available regarding the inhibitory effect and interactions of anthocyanidins on alpha-glucosidase, the key enzyme that controls diabetes through degrading carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	187-199	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	112-129
26149497-5	2015	Synthesized insulin-polymer conjugates form spheres in water, and the self-assembly behavior could be controlled via thermal control, carbohydrate-protein interaction, and protein denaturation.	Carbohydrates	134-146	insulin	Bos taurus	12-19
32972347-2	2021	Under the structural point of view, the rigidity inferred by the spirofused entity has made these compound object of interest mainly as enzymatic inhibitors, in particular of carbohydrate processing enzymes among which glycogen phosphorylase and sodium glucose co-transporter 2, important target enzymes for diverse pathological states.	Carbohydrates	175-187	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	246-277
25765248-10	2015	A 100 kcal increase in carbohydrate or fat consumption associated with a 1.3% (95% CI -2.5, -0.1%, p = 0.01) and a 0.6% (95% CI -1.1, -0.0%, p = 0.02) lower irisin concentration, respectively.	Carbohydrates	23-35	fibronectin type III domain containing 5	Homo sapiens	157-163
32959537-8	2020	CAR above 0 02 was associated with higher carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels (20 5 versus 66 1 units/ml for CAR of 0 02 or less; P = 0 002), larger tumour size (3 2 versus 4 4 cm respectively; P = 0 031) and a higher rate of microvascular invasion (9 of 28 versus 25 of 44; P = 0 041).	Carbohydrates	42-54	CXADR pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
26154585-1	2015	The alpha-glucosidase inhibitor is a common oral anti-diabetic drug used for controlling carbohydrates normally converted into simple sugars and absorbed by the intestines.	Carbohydrates	89-102	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	4-21
32540489-10	2020	This study indicates that gemfibrozil can improve lipid metabolism and maintain high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity through activating PPARalpha in Nile tilapia fed a high carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	184-196	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Oreochromis niloticus	147-156
26123697-7	2015	Furthermore, AstA and Dar-2 are regulated differentially by dietary carbohydrates and protein and AstA-neuronal activity modulates feeding choices between these types of nutrients.	Carbohydrates	68-81	Allatostatin A	Drosophila melanogaster	13-17
26123697-7	2015	Furthermore, AstA and Dar-2 are regulated differentially by dietary carbohydrates and protein and AstA-neuronal activity modulates feeding choices between these types of nutrients.	Carbohydrates	68-81	Allatostatin A receptor 2	Drosophila melanogaster	22-27
32881965-7	2020	We show the carbohydrate recognition domain of Gal-1 is necessary for observed membrane repair.	Carbohydrates	12-24	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	47-52
25605806-9	2015	These studies suggest that DPP-4 inhibition ameliorates hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance by suppressing hepatic TAG and DAG accumulation through enhanced mitochondrial carbohydrate utilization and hepatic TAG secretion/export with a concomitant reduction of uric acid production.	Carbohydrates	176-188	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	27-32
32364651-7	2020	These TFs are also known as regulators to target genes engaged in the Wnt/betacatenin pathway, in the TGFbeta/BMP/SMAD signaling, in the transition between Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and Mesenchymal Epithelial Transition (MET), in the homeostasis of lipids, bile acids and carbohydrates homeostasis, in drug metabolism, in the estrogen processing and in the oxidative stress response.	Carbohydrates	286-299	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	74-85
25573276-9	2015	Together, these results show that the CI-MPR contains a fourth carbohydrate-recognition site capable of binding both phosphomonoesters and phosphodiesters.	Carbohydrates	63-75	insulin like growth factor 2 receptor	Homo sapiens	38-44
32717690-1	2020	Inhibition of alpha-glucosidase is one of the important approaches in designing antidiabetic drugs for its role in decrease of the carbohydrates digestion to avoid post-prandial increase in blood sugar levels in diabetic patients.	Carbohydrates	131-144	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	14-31
25601457-3	2015	The primary saccharide in long-beaked echidna milk is an acidic trisaccharide Neu4,5Ac2(alpha2-3)Gal(beta1-4)Glc (4-O-acetyl 3"-sialyllactose), but acidic oligosaccharides have not been characterized in platypus milk.	Carbohydrates	12-22	sialidase-4	Ornithorhynchus anatinus	78-82
32843047-10	2020	CONCLUSION: The amounts of dietary calorie, carbohydrate, and fat intake were associated with FTO genotype.	Carbohydrates	44-56	FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	94-97
26124866-0	2015	Synthesis of multivalent carbohydrate mimetics with aminopolyol end groups and their evaluation as L-selectin inhibitors.	Carbohydrates	25-37	selectin L	Homo sapiens	99-109
26409461-4	2015	RESULTS: The only in vivo defects found in beta-Arnt (fl/fl/Cre) mice were significant increases in the respiratory exchange ratio and in vivo carbohydrate oxidation, and a decrease in lipid oxidation.	Carbohydrates	143-155	aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator	Mus musculus	48-52
26498530-1	2015	Ugp1, UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, plays an important role in carbohydrate metabolism because it provides UDP-glucose that is a pivotal metabolite in several metabolic pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.	Carbohydrates	64-76	UTP glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-4
26498530-2	2015	In this study, we show that a considerable reduction of glycogen and trehalose content in ugp1 knockdown cells is rescued by complementing the expression of Ugp1, indicating that Ugp1 is required for the production of storage carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	226-239	UTP glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	90-94
32729597-1	2020	High-mannose (Man9GlcNAc2) is the main carbohydrate unit present in viral envelope glycoproteins such as gp120 of HIV and the GP1 of Ebola virus.	Carbohydrates	39-51	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	105-110
26498530-2	2015	In this study, we show that a considerable reduction of glycogen and trehalose content in ugp1 knockdown cells is rescued by complementing the expression of Ugp1, indicating that Ugp1 is required for the production of storage carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	226-239	UTP glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	157-161
26498530-2	2015	In this study, we show that a considerable reduction of glycogen and trehalose content in ugp1 knockdown cells is rescued by complementing the expression of Ugp1, indicating that Ugp1 is required for the production of storage carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	226-239	UTP glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	179-183
26636015-1	2015	The aim of this study was to assess the carbohydrate and insulin knowledge of the staff at Children"s Ark at the University Hospital, Limerick.	Carbohydrates	40-52	AXL receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	102-105
25820466-7	2015	In this report we describe a group of carbohydrates found in pu-erh tea polysaccharide (PTPS) that can inhibit alpha-glucosidase but have less of an inhibitory effect on alpha-amylase.	Carbohydrates	38-51	sucrase isomaltase (alpha-glucosidase)	Mus musculus	111-128
33014795-10	2020	All IDH-mutant samples were of intrahepatic origin, and patients with IDH mutations had physiological to low serum levels of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9).	Carbohydrates	125-137	isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1	Homo sapiens	70-73
25906471-2	2015	A therapeutic approach is to inhibit intestinal alpha-glucosidase, the key enzyme for dietary carbohydrate digestion, resulting in delayed rate of glucose absorption.	Carbohydrates	94-106	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	48-65
25901170-1	2015	It is believed that the inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes including alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase is one of the therapeutic approaches to decrease the postprandial glucose level after a meal, especially in the people with type 2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	38-50	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	99-116
26664010-2	2015	Decreasing postprandial hyperglycemia by retarding glucose absorption through inhibiting carbohydrates digesting enzymes (alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase) is one of many approaches used for the management of this disease.	Carbohydrates	89-102	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	140-157
32868311-9	2020	In the setting of high carbohydrate amount, reducing GI lowered plasma lactate non-significantly by 0.08 mmol/L (Cg vs CG: 95% CI -0.16 to 0.00; p=0.06).	Carbohydrates	23-35	G protein subunit alpha i1	Homo sapiens	53-55
26376302-0	2015	Human Acid beta-Glucosidase Inhibition by Carbohydrate Derived Iminosugars: Towards New Pharmacological Chaperones for Gaucher Disease.	Carbohydrates	42-54	glucosylceramidase beta	Homo sapiens	6-27
26495044-9	2015	Galectin-1 binding to LacNAc-Q11 nanofibers was specific because it could be inhibited by excess soluble beta-lactose, a galectin-binding carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	138-150	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
25862418-2	2015	After binding of mannan-binding lectin (MBL), ficolins or collectin 11 to carbohydrates or acetylated residues on pathogen surfaces, dimers of MBL-associated serine proteases 1 and 2 (MASP-1 and MASP-2) activate a proteolytic cascade, which culminates in the formation of the membrane attack complex and pathogen lysis.	Carbohydrates	74-87	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	17-38
32868311-10	2020	In the setting of high GI, reducing carbohydrate amount lowered plasma lactate by 0.10 mmol/L (cG vs CG: 95% CI -0.19 to -0.02; p=0.02).	Carbohydrates	36-48	G protein subunit alpha i1	Homo sapiens	23-25
25681626-11	2015	These results suggest that NPY has selective effects on consumption of carbohydrate, fat and protein in chicks, and that diet in turn affects the NPY-mediated response in food intake, with a high fat diet enhancing NPY sensitivity that is associated with a greater magnitude and duration of feeding response.	Carbohydrates	71-83	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	27-30
25681626-12	2015	In turn, NPY caused preferential protein and carbohydrate intake instead of fat intake (in this order of preference), when chicks had the opportunity to select their diet.	Carbohydrates	45-57	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	9-12
32461526-0	2020	Use of a Low-carbohydrate Enteral Nutrition Formula with Effective Inhibition of Hypoglycemia and Post-infusion Hyperglycemia in Non-diabetic Patients Fed via a Jejunostomy Tube.	Carbohydrates	12-25	solute carrier family 35 member G1	Homo sapiens	98-102
25807515-9	2015	Our study provides evidence that Pck1 underwent parallel evolution between Old World and New World fruit bats, two lineages of mammals that feed on a carbohydrate-rich diet and experience regular periods of fasting as part of their life cycle.	Carbohydrates	150-162	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Homo sapiens	33-37
26263509-9	2015	exo1 was up-regulated upon exposure to body temperature, and its gene product is predicted to contain BglC and X8 domains, which are involved in carbohydrate transport, binding, and metabolism.	Carbohydrates	145-157	exonuclease 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
26268075-1	2015	INTRODUCTION: the Trp64Arg variant in Beta receptor has been reported to be associated with increased body weight and insulin resistance Objective: the aim of our study was to investigate the influence of polymorphism (rs 4994) in Beta-3-adrenergic receptor gene on metabolic response and weight loss in a medium-term intervention study secondary"s to a high protein/low carbohydrate vs. a standard hypocaloric diets (1000 kcal/day).	Carbohydrates	371-383	adrenoceptor beta 3	Homo sapiens	231-257
25713331-1	2015	Dcpp2, Prrt1, and Has1 are plausible candidate genes for the Mnic1 (macronutrient intake-carbohydrate) locus on mouse chromosome 17, based on their map positions and sequence variants, documented expression in salivary glands, and the important role of saliva in oral food processing and taste.	Carbohydrates	89-101	demilune cell and parotid protein 2	Mus musculus	0-5
25713331-1	2015	Dcpp2, Prrt1, and Has1 are plausible candidate genes for the Mnic1 (macronutrient intake-carbohydrate) locus on mouse chromosome 17, based on their map positions and sequence variants, documented expression in salivary glands, and the important role of saliva in oral food processing and taste.	Carbohydrates	89-101	hyaluronan synthase 1	Mus musculus	18-22
32573202-6	2020	The second system expresses the N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain of Gal8 (G8-NCRD) fused to each luciferase fragment (G8G8 system).	Carbohydrates	43-55	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	78-82
25406260-1	2015	This study was conducted to investigate whether a high-fat/high-carbohydrate (HFHC) meal induces an increase in plasma concentrations of glucagon, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), and CD26 expression in mononuclear cells (MNC) while reducing insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin, GIP, and GLP-1 concentrations.	Carbohydrates	64-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	147-170
25406260-1	2015	This study was conducted to investigate whether a high-fat/high-carbohydrate (HFHC) meal induces an increase in plasma concentrations of glucagon, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), and CD26 expression in mononuclear cells (MNC) while reducing insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin, GIP, and GLP-1 concentrations.	Carbohydrates	64-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	172-178
25406260-1	2015	This study was conducted to investigate whether a high-fat/high-carbohydrate (HFHC) meal induces an increase in plasma concentrations of glucagon, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), and CD26 expression in mononuclear cells (MNC) while reducing insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin, GIP, and GLP-1 concentrations.	Carbohydrates	64-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	185-189
25720386-4	2015	We found that the BMI-increasing allele (minor allele) of the FTO variant was associated with increased total energy intake (effect per allele = 14.3 kcal/day [95% CI 5.9, 22.7 kcal/day], P = 6.5 x 10(-4)), but not with protein, carbohydrate, or fat intake.	Carbohydrates	229-241	FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	62-65
32546842-3	2020	We hypothesized that the orientation of the carbohydrate head group of Gb3 embedded in the lipid bilayer differentially influences LecA and StxB binding.	Carbohydrates	44-56	alpha 1,4-galactosyltransferase (P blood group)	Homo sapiens	71-74
26103122-3	2015	Here, we identify the yeast GSK-3 homologue Mck1 as a key regulator of G0 entry and reveal that Mck1 acts in parallel to Rim15 to activate starvation-induced gene expression, the acquisition of stress resistance, the accumulation of storage carbohydrates, the ability of early SP cells to exit from quiescence, and their chronological lifespan.	Carbohydrates	241-254	serine/threonine protein kinase RIM11	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	28-33
25573276-4	2015	A structure-based sequence alignment predicts that the C-terminal domain 15 contains three out of the four conserved residues identified as essential for carbohydrate recognition by domains 3, 5 and 9 of the CI-MPR, but lacks two cysteine residues that are predicted to form a disulfide bond.	Carbohydrates	154-166	insulin like growth factor 2 receptor	Homo sapiens	208-214
25529427-15	2015	These results demonstrate that both AQP and UT-B play significant functional roles in urea transport, and they may play a role in urea transport during dietary adaptation to fermentable carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	186-199	solute carrier family 14 member 1	Bos taurus	44-48
25475394-2	2015	Among these, a galactose-binding lectin SUL-I isolated from the venom in the large globiferous pedicellariae shows several activities such as mitogenic, chemotactic, and cytotoxic activities through binding to the carbohydrate chains on the cells.	Carbohydrates	214-226	dihydropteroate synthase	Escherichia coli	40-45
25783895-6	2015	Impaired ATGL-mediated lipolysis within adipocytes reduced peak and submaximal exercise performance, reduced peripheral energy substrate availability, shifted energy substrate preference toward carbohydrate oxidation, and decreased HSL Ser(660) phosphorylation and mitochondrial respiration within skeletal muscle.	Carbohydrates	194-206	patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2	Mus musculus	9-13
25801724-1	2015	OBJECTIVE: A sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBF-1) transcription factor is a major regulator of lipid metabolism, carbohydrate, and plays a key role in energy homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	128-140	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	56-63
32513104-8	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated that SH1-mediated sucrose degradation is critical for maize kernel development and starch synthesis by regulating the flow of carbohydrates and maintaining the balance of osmotic potential.	Carbohydrates	164-177	sucrose synthase 1	Zea mays	43-46
31514491-1	2020	The relation of irisin with carbohydrate metabolism and other hormone parameters have been investigated; however, studies evaluating the relationship between irisin and puberty are limited.	Carbohydrates	28-40	fibronectin type III domain containing 5	Homo sapiens	16-22
25670804-8	2015	The system is validated using antibodies and carbohydrate-binding modules known to target alpha- or beta-glucans in different biological contexts, extending knowledge on their specificities, and applied to reveal new information on glucan recognition by two signaling molecules of the immune system against pathogens: Dectin-1 and DC-SIGN.	Carbohydrates	45-57	C-type lectin domain containing 7A	Homo sapiens	318-326
25681626-1	2015	In mammalian models it is well documented that the potent orexigenic factor, neuropeptide Y (NPY) causes preferential intake of high carbohydrate and fat diets; however, information on this is limited in non-mammalian species.	Carbohydrates	133-145	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	77-91
25681626-1	2015	In mammalian models it is well documented that the potent orexigenic factor, neuropeptide Y (NPY) causes preferential intake of high carbohydrate and fat diets; however, information on this is limited in non-mammalian species.	Carbohydrates	133-145	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	93-96
25681626-10	2015	However, when chicks were raised on the high carbohydrate and then switched to high fat, NPY injection caused a sustaining increase in cumulative food intake that lasted the entire observation period.	Carbohydrates	45-57	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	89-92
25219977-5	2015	Here we have engineered industrial strains in storage carbohydrate metabolism by overexpressing the GSY2 gene, that encodes the glycogen synthase enzyme, and deleting NTH1 gene, that encodes the neutral trehalase enzyme.	Carbohydrates	54-66	glycogen (starch) synthase GSY2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	100-104
25219977-5	2015	Here we have engineered industrial strains in storage carbohydrate metabolism by overexpressing the GSY2 gene, that encodes the glycogen synthase enzyme, and deleting NTH1 gene, that encodes the neutral trehalase enzyme.	Carbohydrates	54-66	alpha,alpha-trehalase NTH1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	167-171
32347711-8	2020	Molecular dynamics simulations confirm the existence of favorable electrostatic interactions between the high charge-density saccharide residues flanking the "canonical" antithrombin-binding hexasaccharide and the positive patch on the surface of the overall negatively charged protein.	Carbohydrates	125-135	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	170-182
25497342-5	2015	Furthermore, leptin resistance can impair physiological peripheral functions of leptin such as lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and nutrient intestinal utilization.	Carbohydrates	105-117	leptin	Homo sapiens	13-19
25497342-5	2015	Furthermore, leptin resistance can impair physiological peripheral functions of leptin such as lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and nutrient intestinal utilization.	Carbohydrates	105-117	leptin	Homo sapiens	80-86
25678041-6	2015	For application, the Mn-doped CdS QDs were coated on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode and functionalized with a cell surface carbohydrate-specific ligand (3-aminophenylboronic acid).	Carbohydrates	133-145	CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 1	Homo sapiens	30-33
25641191-5	2015	The activities of key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase were significantly (p&lt;0.05) increased and the activities of hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were significantly (p&lt;0.05) decreased in the liver and kidney of diabetic control rats.	Carbohydrates	33-45	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	132-153
32315211-0	2020	Dietary carbohydrates modulate metabolic and beta cell adaptation to high fat diet-induced obesity.	Carbohydrates	8-21	CD36 molecule	Mus musculus	74-77
25708191-0	2015	Pre-B cell receptor binding to galectin-1 modifies galectin-1/carbohydrate affinity to modulate specific galectin-1/glycan lattice interactions.	Carbohydrates	62-74	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	31-41
25708191-0	2015	Pre-B cell receptor binding to galectin-1 modifies galectin-1/carbohydrate affinity to modulate specific galectin-1/glycan lattice interactions.	Carbohydrates	62-74	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	51-61
25708191-0	2015	Pre-B cell receptor binding to galectin-1 modifies galectin-1/carbohydrate affinity to modulate specific galectin-1/glycan lattice interactions.	Carbohydrates	62-74	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	51-61
26544978-14	2015	This metabolic arrangement dictates a nutritional mix containing liberal amounts of protein and carbohydrates and addition of lipids to cover energy requirements.	Carbohydrates	96-109	Mix paired-like homeobox	Homo sapiens	50-53
32315211-4	2020	Thus, in this study, we utilized mouse models to test the hypothesis that dietary carbohydrates modulate energetic, metabolic and islet adaptions to high fat diets.	Carbohydrates	82-95	CD36 molecule	Mus musculus	154-157
26226486-6	2015	Furthermore, the patterns "favorable carbohydrate sources" (early life), "snack &amp; convenience foods" (adiposity rebound), and "traditional &amp; convenience carbohydrates" (pubertal boys) were related to adult IGFBP-3 (P trend &lt; 0.01).	Carbohydrates	37-49	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	214-221
26226486-6	2015	Furthermore, the patterns "favorable carbohydrate sources" (early life), "snack &amp; convenience foods" (adiposity rebound), and "traditional &amp; convenience carbohydrates" (pubertal boys) were related to adult IGFBP-3 (P trend &lt; 0.01).	Carbohydrates	161-174	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	214-221
32315211-6	2020	Our results show that severe restriction of dietary carbohydrates characteristic of ketogenic diets reduces body fat accumulation, enhances energy expenditure and reduces prevailing glycemia and insulin resistance compared to carbohydrate-rich high fat diets.	Carbohydrates	52-65	CD36 molecule	Mus musculus	113-116
25493641-4	2015	Nonetheless, the high selectivity that has enabled applications of organoboron compounds in molecular recognition (e.g., the selective binding of cis-1,2-diol groups in carbohydrates) also appears to play a key role in the outcomes of catalytic reactions.	Carbohydrates	169-182	cytokine inducible SH2 containing protein	Homo sapiens	146-151
32315211-6	2020	Our results show that severe restriction of dietary carbohydrates characteristic of ketogenic diets reduces body fat accumulation, enhances energy expenditure and reduces prevailing glycemia and insulin resistance compared to carbohydrate-rich high fat diets.	Carbohydrates	52-64	CD36 molecule	Mus musculus	113-116
32061707-1	2020	Mandatory front-of-pack (FOP) labelling was proposed in Canada to highlight foods with high contents of sugars, sodium and/or saturated fats, which would be displayed on labels along with the mandatory Nutrition Facts table and voluntary nutrition claims.	Carbohydrates	104-110	chromatin target of PRMT1	Homo sapiens	10-23
25477377-1	2015	The peroxisome proliferator receptor alpha (PPARalpha) is a key regulator of the hepatic response to fasting with effects on both lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	140-152	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	44-53
27077134-0	2015	Carbohydrate-conjugated fluorescent silica nanoprobes for selective detection of galectin-1 and prostate cancer cells.	Carbohydrates	0-12	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	81-91
27077134-1	2015	Carbohydrate-conjugated fluorescent silica nanoprobes were prepared and used as a platform for galectin-1 and prostate cancer cell detection.	Carbohydrates	0-12	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	95-105
32061707-1	2020	Mandatory front-of-pack (FOP) labelling was proposed in Canada to highlight foods with high contents of sugars, sodium and/or saturated fats, which would be displayed on labels along with the mandatory Nutrition Facts table and voluntary nutrition claims.	Carbohydrates	104-110	chromatin target of PRMT1	Homo sapiens	25-28
32523897-3	2020	We have previously shown that adding a second Env-binding moiety, such as the carbohydrate recognition domain of human mannose-binding lectin (MBL) that recognizes the highly conserved oligomannose patch on gp120, increases CAR potency in an in vitro HIV suppression assay; moreover it reduces the undesired capacity for the CD4 of the CAR molecule to act as an entry receptor, thereby rendering CAR-expressing CD8+ T cells susceptible to infection.	Carbohydrates	78-90	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	119-141
25296751-1	2014	The phosphotransfer protein IIA(Glc) of the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase system plays a key role in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	74-86	colicin Ia immunity protein	Escherichia coli	28-31
25685364-1	2015	The alpha-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose, which slows carbohydrate digestion and blunts postprandial rises in plasma glucose, has long been used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes or glucose intolerance.	Carbohydrates	54-66	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	4-21
32523897-3	2020	We have previously shown that adding a second Env-binding moiety, such as the carbohydrate recognition domain of human mannose-binding lectin (MBL) that recognizes the highly conserved oligomannose patch on gp120, increases CAR potency in an in vitro HIV suppression assay; moreover it reduces the undesired capacity for the CD4 of the CAR molecule to act as an entry receptor, thereby rendering CAR-expressing CD8+ T cells susceptible to infection.	Carbohydrates	78-90	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	143-146
25153235-7	2015	The complement-activating properties of SAG were completely abolished by oxidation of its carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	90-102	S-antigen visual arrestin	Homo sapiens	40-43
32523897-3	2020	We have previously shown that adding a second Env-binding moiety, such as the carbohydrate recognition domain of human mannose-binding lectin (MBL) that recognizes the highly conserved oligomannose patch on gp120, increases CAR potency in an in vitro HIV suppression assay; moreover it reduces the undesired capacity for the CD4 of the CAR molecule to act as an entry receptor, thereby rendering CAR-expressing CD8+ T cells susceptible to infection.	Carbohydrates	78-90	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	207-212
25153235-8	2015	SAG-mediated activation of complement was also inhibited in the presence of saccharides such as fucose and Lewis b carbohydrates, and also after pretreatment with the fucose-binding lectin, Anguilla anguilla agglutinin.	Carbohydrates	76-87	S-antigen visual arrestin	Homo sapiens	0-3
32523897-3	2020	We have previously shown that adding a second Env-binding moiety, such as the carbohydrate recognition domain of human mannose-binding lectin (MBL) that recognizes the highly conserved oligomannose patch on gp120, increases CAR potency in an in vitro HIV suppression assay; moreover it reduces the undesired capacity for the CD4 of the CAR molecule to act as an entry receptor, thereby rendering CAR-expressing CD8+ T cells susceptible to infection.	Carbohydrates	78-90	CXADR pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	224-227
25722973-3	2015	MLC/mIGF-1 mice had higher respiratory quotient when compared to WT (0.9 +- 0.03 versus 0.74 +- 0.02, resp.) suggesting a preference for carbohydrate as the major fuel source.	Carbohydrates	137-149	megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts 1 homolog (human)	Mus musculus	0-3
25122513-4	2014	This was carried out by the synthesis of a glyco-N-carboxyanhydride (glyco-NCA) containing an azide group at the sixth position of the carbohydrate ring.	Carbohydrates	135-147	CEA cell adhesion molecule 6	Homo sapiens	75-78
25722973-9	2015	These data together suggest a shift in metabolism towards higher carbohydrate utilization, and that could explain the increased insulin sensitivity of hypertrophied skeletal muscle in MLC/mIGF-1 mice.	Carbohydrates	65-77	megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts 1 homolog (human)	Mus musculus	184-187
32523897-3	2020	We have previously shown that adding a second Env-binding moiety, such as the carbohydrate recognition domain of human mannose-binding lectin (MBL) that recognizes the highly conserved oligomannose patch on gp120, increases CAR potency in an in vitro HIV suppression assay; moreover it reduces the undesired capacity for the CD4 of the CAR molecule to act as an entry receptor, thereby rendering CAR-expressing CD8+ T cells susceptible to infection.	Carbohydrates	78-90	CXADR pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	336-339
32523897-3	2020	We have previously shown that adding a second Env-binding moiety, such as the carbohydrate recognition domain of human mannose-binding lectin (MBL) that recognizes the highly conserved oligomannose patch on gp120, increases CAR potency in an in vitro HIV suppression assay; moreover it reduces the undesired capacity for the CD4 of the CAR molecule to act as an entry receptor, thereby rendering CAR-expressing CD8+ T cells susceptible to infection.	Carbohydrates	78-90	CXADR pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	336-339
32348327-11	2020	Therefore, our data has provided new knowledge on the mechanisms of action of the RCM-107 formula and its individual herbal ingredients for weight loss, in terms of decreasing carbohydrate digestion via the inhibition of pancreatic alpha-amylase.	Carbohydrates	176-188	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	221-245
26457804-0	2015	Effects of a High-Protein/Low-Carbohydrate Diet versus a Standard Hypocaloric Diet on Weight and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Role of a Genetic Variation in the rs9939609 FTO Gene Variant.	Carbohydrates	30-42	FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	171-174
25253131-7	2015	We provide one example where a pull-down assay with all the GST-tagged canine galectins reveals that the C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-9 (Gal-9C) specifically recognizes the glycan-dependent apical targeting signal from the glycoprotein MUC1.	Carbohydrates	116-128	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Canis lupus familiaris	262-266
25253157-5	2015	Fourth, the addition of saccharides that bind to galectin-1 and galectin-3 with high affinity (e.g., lactose or thiodigalactoside) to nuclear extract results in inhibition of splicing whereas parallel addition of saccharides that do not bind to the galectins (e.g., cellobiose) fail to yield the same effect.	Carbohydrates	24-35	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	49-59
25336642-1	2014	O-Linked beta-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a carbohydrate post-translational modification on hydroxyl groups of serine and/or threonine residues of cytosolic and nuclear proteins.	Carbohydrates	50-62	O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase	Homo sapiens	9-43
25028392-4	2014	The results support a mechanism of binding acylated trehalose derivatives to human mincle that is very similar to the mechanism of binding to bovine mincle, in which one glucose residue in the trehalose headgroup of the glycolipid is ligated to the principle Ca(2+)-binding site in the carbohydrate-recognition domain, with specificity for the disaccharide resulting from interactions with the second glucose residue.	Carbohydrates	286-298	C-type lectin domain family 4 member E	Bos taurus	149-155
25393493-3	2014	Carbohydrates have a key role in this field, as a large fraction of bnAbs bind carbohydrates or combinations of carbohydrate and peptide elements on gp120.	Carbohydrates	0-13	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	149-154
25393493-3	2014	Carbohydrates have a key role in this field, as a large fraction of bnAbs bind carbohydrates or combinations of carbohydrate and peptide elements on gp120.	Carbohydrates	79-92	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	149-154
25393493-3	2014	Carbohydrates have a key role in this field, as a large fraction of bnAbs bind carbohydrates or combinations of carbohydrate and peptide elements on gp120.	Carbohydrates	79-91	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	149-154
25401493-0	2014	Reduction of the cytosolic phosphoglucomutase in Arabidopsis reveals impact on plant growth, seed and root development, and carbohydrate partitioning.	Carbohydrates	124-136	phosphoglucomutase	Arabidopsis thaliana	27-45
25350298-5	2014	We found highly significant correlations between fluctuations in plasma leptin concentrations and three psychological variables: sadness, carbohydrate craving and social withdrawal.	Carbohydrates	138-150	leptin	Homo sapiens	72-78
24939370-1	2014	Galectin-8 (gal-8) is a "tandem-repeat"-type galectin, containing two carbohydrate recognition domains connected by a linker peptide.	Carbohydrates	70-82	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	0-10
24939370-1	2014	Galectin-8 (gal-8) is a "tandem-repeat"-type galectin, containing two carbohydrate recognition domains connected by a linker peptide.	Carbohydrates	70-82	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	12-17
25060692-11	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide evidence that PNPLA3 expression is an early signal/signature of carbohydrate-induced lipogenesis, but its expression is not associated with steatosis per se.	Carbohydrates	97-109	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	47-53
25060692-12	2014	Under lipogenic conditions due to high-carbohydrate feeding, certain unsaturated fatty acids can effectively suppress both lipogenesis and PNPLA3 expression, both in vivo and in a hepatocyte cell line.	Carbohydrates	39-51	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	139-145
24963542-3	2014	A carbohydrate-rich diet can cause more load on the intestinal cells producing alpha-glucosidase.	Carbohydrates	2-14	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	79-96
24675006-3	2014	Here we explore the extent to which variation in the proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) gene, which modulates carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, vascular function, and inflammation, predicts the overall cardiometabolic risk (CMR) profile of individuals engaging in various levels of physical activity.	Carbohydrates	125-137	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	92-101
24994116-3	2014	EMT-induced CS-like cells (HMLERshEcad) and isogenic parental cells (HMLERshCntrol) were simultaneously screened for their ability to generate energy-rich NADH when cultured in a standardized high-throughput metabolic phenotyping platform comprising &gt;350 wells that were pre-loaded with different carbohydrates/starches, alcohols, fatty acids, ketones, carboxylic acids, amino acids, and bi-amino acids.	Carbohydrates	300-313	IL2 inducible T cell kinase	Homo sapiens	0-3
24929251-5	2014	We identified two gene-carbohydrate interactions (P &lt; 0.05) in non-Hispanic whites (with CDKAL1 rs471253 and FTO rs8050136), two in non-Hispanic blacks (with IGFBP2 rs4402960 and THADA rs7578597), and two in Mexican Americans (with NOTCH2 rs1092398 and TSPAN8-LGRS rs7961581).	Carbohydrates	23-35	FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	112-115
24715247-7	2014	These data show that the ratio of dietary amino acids to carbohydrate influences Sir2 expression and clearly demonstrate that Sir2 is one of the factors that can determine honeybee lifespan.	Carbohydrates	57-69	NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1	Apis mellifera	81-85
24715247-8	2014	We propose that effects of dietary amino acids and Sir2 on lifespan may depend on the simultaneous activation of multiple nutrient sensors that respond to relative levels of essential amino acids and carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	200-213	NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1	Apis mellifera	51-55
24770803-2	2014	In N-terminal carbohydrate binding domain of laforin, two mutations W32G and K87A are reported as highly disease causing laforin mutants.	Carbohydrates	14-26	EPM2A glucan phosphatase, laforin	Homo sapiens	45-52
24770803-2	2014	In N-terminal carbohydrate binding domain of laforin, two mutations W32G and K87A are reported as highly disease causing laforin mutants.	Carbohydrates	14-26	EPM2A glucan phosphatase, laforin	Homo sapiens	121-128
24604735-0	2014	The F-box protein COI1 functions upstream of MYB305 to regulate primary carbohydrate metabolism in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv.	Carbohydrates	72-84	coronatine-insensitive protein 1-like	Nicotiana tabacum	18-22
24604735-10	2014	These findings suggest that NtCOI1 functions upstream of NtMYB305 and plays a fundamental role in coordinating plant primary carbohydrate metabolism and correlative physiological processes.	Carbohydrates	125-137	coronatine-insensitive protein 1-like	Nicotiana tabacum	28-34
24762672-0	2014	Associations of lipoprotein lipase gene rs326 with changes of lipid profiles after a high-carbohydrate and low-fat diet in healthy Chinese Han youth.	Carbohydrates	90-102	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	16-34
24565693-9	2014	By function summary and pathway analysis, we presumed that Lonp1 realized its protective function in the resistance to OTA-induced renal cytotoxicity via 4 processes: defensing against OTA-induced oxidative stress in the mitochondria; regulating protein synthesis, modification and repair; maintaining the balance of carbohydrate metabolism; and assisting in mtDNA maintenance.	Carbohydrates	317-329	lon peptidase 1, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	59-64
25256745-0	2014	The role of beta2-glycoprotein I (beta2GPI) carbohydrate chains in the reactivity of anti-beta2GPI antibodies from patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome and in the activation and differentiation of U937 cells.	Carbohydrates	44-56	apolipoprotein H	Homo sapiens	12-32
25256745-0	2014	The role of beta2-glycoprotein I (beta2GPI) carbohydrate chains in the reactivity of anti-beta2GPI antibodies from patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome and in the activation and differentiation of U937 cells.	Carbohydrates	44-56	apolipoprotein H	Homo sapiens	34-42
25256745-0	2014	The role of beta2-glycoprotein I (beta2GPI) carbohydrate chains in the reactivity of anti-beta2GPI antibodies from patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome and in the activation and differentiation of U937 cells.	Carbohydrates	44-56	apolipoprotein H	Homo sapiens	90-98
25256745-2	2014	However, the role of the carbohydrate chains of beta(2)GPI in this anti-beta(2)GPI reactivity is poorly understood.	Carbohydrates	25-37	apolipoprotein H	Homo sapiens	48-58
25256745-10	2014	Our work suggests that the partial or complete removal of the carbohydrate chains uncover cryptic epitopes present in beta(2)GPI.	Carbohydrates	62-74	apolipoprotein H	Homo sapiens	118-128
24719187-4	2014	Using transendothelial passage of FITC-dextran and a Miles assay, we demonstrated that Gal-1 increased vascular permeability extracellularly through its carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	153-165	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	87-92
25029675-8	2014	Myoglobin increased (p &lt; 0.05) in all 3 conditions at post and 1h compared with pre, showing lower values at 1h (p &lt; 0.05) for the carbohydrate and a trend (p = 0.060) for multi-ingredient compared with the placebo condition (211.4 +- 127.2 ng mL(-1) and 239.4 +- 103.8 ng mL(-1) vs. 484.6 +- 200.0 ng mL(-1), respectively).	Carbohydrates	137-149	myoglobin	Homo sapiens	0-9
24973357-2	2014	The metabolic consequences of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) were already a focus of the world"s attention in 1994 when the discovery of leptin generated enormous enthusiasm for the potential to treat common (non-monogenic) obesity and its associated metabolic disorders with an adipokine hormone that regulated body weight as well as lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	348-360	leptin	Homo sapiens	140-146
24819202-9	2014	Further analyses imply that the reduced sucrose responsiveness of Tbetah mutants is related to a lower sucrose preference, probably due to a changed carbohydrate metabolism, since Tbetah mutants survived significantly longer under starved conditions.	Carbohydrates	149-161	Tyramine beta hydroxylase	Drosophila melanogaster	66-72
24819202-9	2014	Further analyses imply that the reduced sucrose responsiveness of Tbetah mutants is related to a lower sucrose preference, probably due to a changed carbohydrate metabolism, since Tbetah mutants survived significantly longer under starved conditions.	Carbohydrates	149-161	Tyramine beta hydroxylase	Drosophila melanogaster	180-186
25173345-5	2014	We identify capillary and HEV markers and candidate mechanisms for regulated recruitment of lymphocytes, including a lymph node HEV-selective transmembrane mucin; transcriptional control of functionally specialized carbohydrate ligands for lymphocyte L-selectin; HEV expression of molecules for transendothelial migration; and metabolic programs for lipid mediators of lymphocyte motility and chemotaxis.	Carbohydrates	215-227	selectin L	Homo sapiens	251-261
25477984-2	2014	We tried to review the previous evidence regarding the effects of dietary intakes, including consumption of carbohydrates, fats and protein on concentrations of leptin concentration.	Carbohydrates	108-121	leptin	Homo sapiens	161-167
24696431-3	2014	Regarding its carbohydrate-binding specificity, Gal-8 has a unique feature among galectins, since its C-terminal domain has higher affinity for N-glycan-type branched oligosaccharides, while its N-terminal domain shows strong affinity for alpha2-3-sialylated or 3"-sulfated beta-galactosides.	Carbohydrates	14-26	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	48-53
24945728-2	2014	The present work reports the carbohydrate-dependent interaction of CD6 and CD166/ALCAM with Galectin-1 and -3, two well-known soluble mammalian lectins.	Carbohydrates	29-41	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	92-109
24781151-11	2014	Pank1/Lep double-deficient mice exhibited reduced whole-body metabolism of fatty acids and amino acids and had a greater reliance on carbohydrate use for energy production.	Carbohydrates	133-145	leptin	Mus musculus	6-9
24688092-4	2014	Apart from the natural tetrasaccharide ligand sialyl Lewis(x) (sLe(x)), it has previously been proposed that non-fucosylated carbohydrates also bind to S128R E-selectin.	Carbohydrates	125-138	selectin E	Homo sapiens	158-168
24688092-9	2014	Overall, the previous reports on carbohydrate ligand promiscuity of S128R E-selectin could not be confirmed.	Carbohydrates	33-45	selectin E	Homo sapiens	74-84
24752896-5	2014	Surface plasmon resonance and anti-CD69 blocking analyses demonstrated a direct and specific interaction between CD69 and galectin-1 that was carbohydrate dependent.	Carbohydrates	142-154	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	122-132
24820230-0	2014	The effect of carbohydrate moiety structure on the immunoregulatory activity of lactoferrin in vitro.	Carbohydrates	14-26	lactotransferrin	Bos taurus	80-91
24721335-9	2014	The prime functions of preptin and adropin include regulating carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolisms by moderating glucose-mediated insulin release.	Carbohydrates	62-74	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	23-30
24629597-3	2014	The altered activities of the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism such as hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase in liver of diabetic rats were significantly reverted to near normal levels by the administration of tangeretin.	Carbohydrates	45-57	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	129-150
24277741-4	2014	The lack of alpha1,2fucosylated carbohydrate motifs in the gut surface mucosa is thus associated with resistance to symptomatic infection and virus attachment to such motifs is essential to the infection process.	Carbohydrates	32-44	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	12-20
24503150-0	2014	An insulin-like growth factor found in hepatopancreas implicates carbohydrate metabolism of the blue crab Callinectes sapidus.	Carbohydrates	65-77	insulin	Bos taurus	3-10
24641504-7	2014	Colocalization of S5D-SRCRB with galectin-3 (Gal-3) was also observed in kidney and bladder, but not in testis, supporting concurrent biochemical studies demonstrating the carbohydrate-dependent interaction of Gal-3 and S5D-SRCRB.	Carbohydrates	172-184	scavenger receptor cysteine rich family, 5 domains	Mus musculus	18-27
24641504-7	2014	Colocalization of S5D-SRCRB with galectin-3 (Gal-3) was also observed in kidney and bladder, but not in testis, supporting concurrent biochemical studies demonstrating the carbohydrate-dependent interaction of Gal-3 and S5D-SRCRB.	Carbohydrates	172-184	scavenger receptor cysteine rich family, 5 domains	Mus musculus	220-229
24508143-1	2014	alpha-Glucosidase (AG) play crucial roles in the digestion of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	62-75	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	0-17
23439485-1	2014	Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), a prominent enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism, also has a major role in brain function.	Carbohydrates	57-69	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Mus musculus	0-26
23439485-1	2014	Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), a prominent enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism, also has a major role in brain function.	Carbohydrates	57-69	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Mus musculus	28-32
24264057-10	2014	In this way, undertaking regular exercise in carbohydrate restricted states may therefore be a practical approach to achieve the physiological benefits of consistent p53 signalling.	Carbohydrates	45-57	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	166-169
24503541-1	2014	Galectin-1 (Gal-1) belongs to a family of endogenous lectins with conserved carbohydrate recognition domains binding beta-galactosidase sugars and plays a vital role in regulating stem cell functions including determination of cell fate.	Carbohydrates	76-88	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
24503541-1	2014	Galectin-1 (Gal-1) belongs to a family of endogenous lectins with conserved carbohydrate recognition domains binding beta-galactosidase sugars and plays a vital role in regulating stem cell functions including determination of cell fate.	Carbohydrates	76-88	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	12-17
25097857-1	2014	BACKGROUND: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) protein always involve disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	141-153	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	73-94
25097857-1	2014	BACKGROUND: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) protein always involve disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	141-153	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	96-101
24515459-5	2014	Coordination and attention to detail will enable a researcher with basic tissue culture skills to generate mAbs from immunized rodents to a variety of antigens (including proteins, carbohydrates, DNA, and haptens) (see Note 1).	Carbohydrates	181-194	DEAD box helicase 41	Mus musculus	107-111
24078031-8	2014	The altered activities of the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism such as hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, and liver marker enzymes (AST, ALT, and ALP), creatine kinase and blood urea nitrogen in serum and blood of diabetic rats were significantly reverted to near normal levels by the administration of eugenol.	Carbohydrates	45-57	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	141-162
24564342-3	2014	We synthesized carbohydrate-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles that bind specifically to the endothelial transmembrane inflammatory proteins E and P selectin.	Carbohydrates	15-27	selectin E	Homo sapiens	144-160
25796865-0	2014	[Relationship between leptin level, index of insulin resistance and the main indicators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in patients with varying degrees of obesity].	Carbohydrates	91-103	leptin	Homo sapiens	22-28
25796865-1	2014	In this article highlights the importance of the problem of obesity in modern medicine, analyzes the relationship between leptin level, indexof insulin resistance and main indicators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in patients with different degrees of obesity, demonstrated feasibility of measuring the bulk of the body together with body mass index, the definition of leptin levels and HOMA index in patients with excessive body weight for early diagnosis of metabolic disorders.	Carbohydrates	186-198	leptin	Homo sapiens	122-128
24100084-4	2013	Liver X receptors alpha (NR1H3) and beta (NR1H2) play a key role in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	78-90	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 2	Homo sapiens	42-47
24337294-2	2013	As administrated clinically, erythropoietin has a polypeptide backbone with complex dishomogeneity in its carbohydrate domains.	Carbohydrates	106-118	erythropoietin	Mus musculus	29-43
24337294-3	2013	Here we describe the total synthesis of homogeneous erythropoietin with consensus carbohydrate domains incorporated at all of the native glycosylation sites.	Carbohydrates	82-94	erythropoietin	Mus musculus	52-66
24279383-6	2013	The predicted protein encoded by PA2783 contains a typical leader peptide at its amino terminus end as well as metalloendopeptidase and carbohydrate binding motifs at its amino terminus and carboxy terminus regions, respectively.	Carbohydrates	136-148	hypothetical protein	Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1	33-39
24278452-10	2013	Inhibition of alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase can significantly decrease the postprandial hyperglycaemia after a mixed carbohydrate diet and therefore can be an important strategy in the management of postprandial blood glucose levels in NIDDM patients.	Carbohydrates	123-135	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	14-31
23928364-15	2013	Further, differential expression of PPARalpha and PPARgamma was evidently documented as the master regulator for the alteration of lipid, amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism during maternal vitamin B12 deficiency.	Carbohydrates	153-165	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	36-45
23773966-6	2013	Our C. albicans genomic analyses and complementation studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed that Sko1 is conserved as a regulator of carbohydrate metabolism, redox metabolism, and glycerol synthesis.	Carbohydrates	137-149	Sko1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	101-105
24303161-8	2013	P-mTOR and p-p70S6k were significantly increased above rest in EAA + Carb (P = 0.03, P = 0.007) 140 min after last sprint, but not in placebo.	Carbohydrates	69-73	ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1	Homo sapiens	13-19
23910991-1	2013	The enzyme alpha-glucosidase has attracted interest owing to its involvement in the digestive process of carbohydrate, its role in intracellular glycoprotein trafficking, tumorigenesis and viral infection.	Carbohydrates	105-117	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	11-28
23820787-4	2013	A fixed-effects meta-analysis model showed that the FTO rs8050136 A allele (n = 36,973) was positively associated with percentage of calories derived from fat (betameta = 0.2244 (standard error, 0.0548); P = 4 x 10(-5)) and inversely associated with percentage of calories derived from carbohydrate (betameta = -0.2796 (standard error, 0.0709); P = 8 x 10(-5)).	Carbohydrates	286-298	FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	52-55
25434188-2	2013	At the alcohols-affected inhibition of the cholinesterase hydrolytic activity, the determining role was played not the total number carbon atoms in the alcohol molecule, but by the "effective length" of the carbohydrate chain.	Carbohydrates	207-219	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	43-57
23922729-1	2013	Laforin, encoded by a gene that is mutated in Lafora Disease (LD, OMIM 254780), is a modular protein composed of a carbohydrate-binding module and a dual-specificity phosphatase domain.	Carbohydrates	115-127	EPM2A glucan phosphatase, laforin	Homo sapiens	0-7
23858092-2	2013	One type of PPAR, PPAR-alpha, is a transcription factor that regulates the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, and amino acids and is activated by ligands such as polyunsaturated fatty acids and drugs used to treat dyslipidemias.	Carbohydrates	97-110	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	12-16
23858092-2	2013	One type of PPAR, PPAR-alpha, is a transcription factor that regulates the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, and amino acids and is activated by ligands such as polyunsaturated fatty acids and drugs used to treat dyslipidemias.	Carbohydrates	97-110	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	18-28
23746566-0	2013	A low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet increases de novo fatty acid synthesis from glycerol and glycerokinase content in the liver of growing rats.	Carbohydrates	20-32	glycerol kinase	Rattus norvegicus	95-108
23398733-8	2013	The results show that Trx f is a more effective regulator of photosynthetic carbon metabolism in planta than Trx m. The overexpression of Trx f might therefore provide a means of increasing the carbohydrate content of plants destined for use in biofuel production.	Carbohydrates	194-206	thioredoxin H-type 1	Nicotiana tabacum	22-25
23453307-3	2013	The altered activities of the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism such as hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase in liver of diabetic rats were significantly reverted to near normal levels by the administration of green tea extract.	Carbohydrates	45-57	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	129-150
23717869-0	2013	[Sulfated carbohydrate ligands for L-selectin, a "lymphocyte homing receptor"].	Carbohydrates	10-22	selectin L	Homo sapiens	35-45
23297043-4	2013	Glypicans are proteoglycans located on the cell surface, where they act as coreceptors to promote or inhibit signalling by ligands of the BMP, FGF, HH and WNT pathways, through protein-protein and protein-carbohydrate interactions.	Carbohydrates	205-217	bone morphogenetic protein 1	Homo sapiens	138-141
23419240-7	2013	Enriched among the most variably expressed genes from the entire data set were molecules regulating mitochondrial metabolism of carbohydrate (PDK4), fat (UCP3), protein (AGXT2L1) and high energy phosphate (CKMT2).	Carbohydrates	128-140	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4	Bos taurus	142-146
23419240-7	2013	Enriched among the most variably expressed genes from the entire data set were molecules regulating mitochondrial metabolism of carbohydrate (PDK4), fat (UCP3), protein (AGXT2L1) and high energy phosphate (CKMT2).	Carbohydrates	128-140	ethanolamine-phosphate phospho-lyase	Bos taurus	170-177
23201283-6	2013	We further demonstrated in carbohydrate binding and complementation activation assays that this rhMBL protein was functionally active with very similar dissociation constants and half maximal effective concentrations to those of native MBL.	Carbohydrates	27-39	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	98-101
23317449-8	2013	The objective of this research was to determine the variation in carbohydrate profile for different soybean lines grown in a single location containing one of three different alleles of the RS2 gene.	Carbohydrates	65-77	RS2	Glycine max	190-193
23317449-9	2013	The results indicate that, although there is variation in the carbohydrate profiles for each line, different lines with the same RS2 genotype tend to produce a characteristic carbohydrate profile.	Carbohydrates	175-187	RS2	Glycine max	129-132
23317449-10	2013	Although the carbohydrate profile for each RS2 genotype class was consistent in different genetic backgrounds under two conditions grown at one location, more research will be necessary to determine the environmental stability of the carbohydrate profiles in multiple locations over different years.	Carbohydrates	13-25	RS2	Glycine max	43-46
23114655-0	2013	Formation of SERS active nanoparticle assemblies via specific carbohydrate-protein interactions.	Carbohydrates	62-74	seryl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	13-17
23114655-1	2013	An on/off SERS aggregation system has been designed to investigate carbohydrate-lectin interactions.	Carbohydrates	67-79	seryl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	10-14
23221578-12	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that IRS1 rs2943641 interacts with carbohydrate and fat intakes on incident T2D in a sex-specific fashion.	Carbohydrates	69-81	insulin receptor substrate 1	Homo sapiens	39-43
23018521-1	2013	BACKGROUND/AIM: P-selectin is a carbohydrate-recognizing cell adhesion molecule expressed on activated platelets and endothelial cells.	Carbohydrates	32-44	selectin P	Homo sapiens	16-26
23520550-5	2013	Suppression of Txnip by lipopolysaccharide is accompanied by a decrease of the glucose sensing transcription factor MondoA in the nuclei and dissociation of the MondoA:Mlx complex that bound to the carbohydrate-response elements in the Txnip promoter in unstimulated cells.	Carbohydrates	198-210	MAX dimerization protein MLX	Homo sapiens	168-171
23574804-4	2013	The carbohydrate moiety of sulfatide and seminolipid is biosynthesized via sequential reactions catalyzed by common enzymes: ceramide galactosyltransferase (CGT) and cerebroside sulfotransferase (CST).	Carbohydrates	4-16	UDP galactosyltransferase 8A	Mus musculus	125-155
23574804-4	2013	The carbohydrate moiety of sulfatide and seminolipid is biosynthesized via sequential reactions catalyzed by common enzymes: ceramide galactosyltransferase (CGT) and cerebroside sulfotransferase (CST).	Carbohydrates	4-16	UDP galactosyltransferase 8A	Mus musculus	157-160
23124203-7	2012	This motif adopts a stable helical conformation that docks onto a GAL1 hydrophobic surface adjacent to its carbohydrate binding site.	Carbohydrates	107-119	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	66-70
22810018-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) can activate the complement system by binding to carbohydrates, such as those presented on the HIV virion surface.	Carbohydrates	90-103	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	12-34
22810018-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) can activate the complement system by binding to carbohydrates, such as those presented on the HIV virion surface.	Carbohydrates	90-103	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	36-39
23115339-1	2012	Broadly neutralizing HIV antibodies (bNAbs) can recognize carbohydrate-dependent epitopes on gp120.	Carbohydrates	58-70	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	93-98
23046541-5	2012	In conclusion, a long-term collaborative research framework was established between NRC, NML and NOSM to develop carbohydrate-based vaccines against these pathogens that may benefit the health of Canadian Aboriginal peoples and other population groups at risk.	Carbohydrates	113-125	nuclear receptor coactivator 6	Homo sapiens	84-87
22551950-0	2012	Adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase protein expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue is decreased after an isoenergetic low-fat high-complex carbohydrate diet in the metabolic syndrome.	Carbohydrates	163-175	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 2	Homo sapiens	0-27
22551950-10	2012	The low-fat high-complex carbohydrate diets reduced ATGL and HSL protein expression and significantly improved circulating lipids and insulin sensitivity.	Carbohydrates	25-37	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 2	Homo sapiens	52-56
23009548-8	2012	These results support a positive role for MYC2 in regulating JA-mediated carbohydrate metabolism and oxidative stress tolerance.	Carbohydrates	73-85	Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) DNA-binding family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	42-46
23009548-10	2012	The observed pattern of protein expression suggests that MYC2 has opposite effects on the biosynthetic enzymes of indolic and aliphatic glucosinolate pathways and positively regulates JA-mediated carbohydrate metabolism and oxidative stress tolerance-related proteins.	Carbohydrates	196-208	Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) DNA-binding family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	57-61
22791826-5	2012	While id1 mutants have a similar capacity for photosynthesis to wild-type siblings, id1 source leaves show quantitative differences in carbohydrate allocation prior to the floral transition stage, with a marked increase in sucrose and other soluble sugars, accompanied by a decrease in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle organic acids.	Carbohydrates	135-147	indeterminate growth 1	Zea mays	84-87
22641158-5	2012	Through a non-supervised comparative bioinformatic analysis these data provided an insight on the functional role of ATM deficiency in cellular carbohydrate metabolism"s regulation.	Carbohydrates	144-156	ATM serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	117-120
22633170-1	2012	OBJECTIVES: Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), an innate immune system component that binds to carbohydrates, activates the complement cascade and promotes destruction of microorganisms and abnormal cells.	Carbohydrates	90-103	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	12-34
22633170-1	2012	OBJECTIVES: Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), an innate immune system component that binds to carbohydrates, activates the complement cascade and promotes destruction of microorganisms and abnormal cells.	Carbohydrates	90-103	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	36-39
22552794-11	2012	Horses possess the ability to upregulate SGLT1 expression in response to increased dietary carbohydrates, and to enhance the capacity of the gut to absorb glucose.	Carbohydrates	91-104	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Equus caballus	41-46
21823122-8	2012	In sharp contrast, tumour-associated CEA (CEACAM5) contained high levels of the blood-group related carbohydrates, Lewis X and Lewis Y.	Carbohydrates	100-113	CEA cell adhesion molecule 5	Homo sapiens	37-40
21823122-8	2012	In sharp contrast, tumour-associated CEA (CEACAM5) contained high levels of the blood-group related carbohydrates, Lewis X and Lewis Y.	Carbohydrates	100-113	CEA cell adhesion molecule 5	Homo sapiens	42-49
22421265-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Specific IgE (sIgE) antibodies to both bee and wasp venom can be due to a sensitivity to both insect venoms or due to cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs).	Carbohydrates	145-157	WASP actin nucleation promoting factor	Homo sapiens	59-63
22717627-3	2012	Here, we describe the dual roles of mucin carbohydrate ligand for L-selectin and trophinin protein and of the trophinin-associated proteins bystin and tastin.	Carbohydrates	42-54	selectin L	Homo sapiens	66-76
24705017-7	2014	Follow-up multi-species bioinformatic analyses suggested that a gene network centered on CISD2, PPT1 and CLN3 might impact disease through altered carbohydrate metabolism, protein folding and endopeptidase activity.	Carbohydrates	147-159	palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1	Homo sapiens	96-100
24699516-3	2014	Using the human OH-1 SCLC line as a model, we found that these cells expressed E- and P-selectin binding sites, which could be in part attributed to the selectin binding carbohydrate motif sialyl Lewis A.	Carbohydrates	170-182	selectin P	Homo sapiens	86-96
24563329-2	2014	PNPLA3 is up-regulated by dietary carbohydrates, and interactions between rs738409 and carbohydrates, and sugar and omega6:omega3-polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio on hepatic fat accumulation have been reported.	Carbohydrates	34-47	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	0-6
24563329-2	2014	PNPLA3 is up-regulated by dietary carbohydrates, and interactions between rs738409 and carbohydrates, and sugar and omega6:omega3-polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio on hepatic fat accumulation have been reported.	Carbohydrates	87-100	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	0-6
24321864-9	2014	The CE-extract had a significant impact on the hepatic carbohydrate metabolism enhancing the direct synthesis of glycogen, normalizing phosphorylase a activity and reducing the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase, which further causes reduction in production of blood glucose level.	Carbohydrates	55-67	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	189-210
23545897-5	2014	The strongest genetic associations with efficacy were in CHST11 (five markers with P&lt;0.003), encoding carbohydrate (chondroitin 4) sulfotransferase 11.	Carbohydrates	105-117	carbohydrate sulfotransferase 11	Homo sapiens	57-63
24258790-8	2014	Thus, our results suggested that the Gys2 gene has undergone parallel evolution on amino acid level between OWFBs and NWFBs in relation to their carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	145-157	glycogen synthase 2	Homo sapiens	37-41
24184296-1	2013	AIMS: Excessive energy uptake of dietary carbohydrates results in their storage as fat and requires glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-mediated NADPH production.	Carbohydrates	41-54	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 2	Mus musculus	100-133
24184296-1	2013	AIMS: Excessive energy uptake of dietary carbohydrates results in their storage as fat and requires glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-mediated NADPH production.	Carbohydrates	41-54	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 2	Mus musculus	135-139
24227656-8	2013	We conclude that MGAT1-dependent N-glycosylation shapes the synaptomatrix carbohydrate environment and endogenous lectin localization within this domain, to modulate retention of trans-synaptic signaling ligands driving synaptic scaffold recruitment during synaptogenesis.	Carbohydrates	74-86	Mannosyl (alpha-1,3-)-glycoprotein beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase	Drosophila melanogaster	17-22
23873753-3	2013	However, the carbohydrate chain heterogeneity on the Fc region of IgG (Fc-IgG) can play an important role in modulating the immune response.	Carbohydrates	13-25	immunoglobulin heavy chain (S107 family)	Mus musculus	66-69
23873753-3	2013	However, the carbohydrate chain heterogeneity on the Fc region of IgG (Fc-IgG) can play an important role in modulating the immune response.	Carbohydrates	13-25	immunoglobulin heavy chain (S107 family)	Mus musculus	71-77
23873753-4	2013	Patients with TB usually have high titers of specific IgG; however, the carbohydrate associated with Fc-IgG usually lacks galactose.	Carbohydrates	72-84	immunoglobulin heavy chain (S107 family)	Mus musculus	104-107
23707232-4	2013	BA treatment decreased the quantity of proteins involved in energy and carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism, and ipt-transgenic treatment increased that of stress-related proteins and molecular chaperones and slightly affected levels of carbohydrate metabolism proteins.	Carbohydrates	250-262	tRNA isopentenyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	126-129
24068707-2	2013	The sweet taste receptors T1R2 and T1R3 are G protein-coupled receptors that function as carbohydrate sensors in taste buds, gut, and pancreas.	Carbohydrates	89-101	taste receptor, type 1, member 2	Mus musculus	26-39
24089190-3	2013	Detection of ternary CD1a/lipid/TCR interactions enabled development of CD1a tetramers and CD1a multimers with carbohydrate backbones (dextramers), which specifically stained T cells using a mechanism that was dependent on the precise stereochemistry of the peptide backbone and was blocked with a soluble TCR.	Carbohydrates	111-123	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	32-35
24222094-5	2013	PNPLA3 encodes a lipid droplet-associated, carbohydrate-regulated lipogenic and/or lipolytic enzyme.	Carbohydrates	43-55	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	0-6
24137131-6	2013	Studies involving loss-of-function dilp mutations have defined the roles of DILP2 and DILP6 in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, respectively.	Carbohydrates	95-107	Insulin-like peptide 2	Drosophila melanogaster	76-81
24137131-6	2013	Studies involving loss-of-function dilp mutations have defined the roles of DILP2 and DILP6 in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, respectively.	Carbohydrates	95-107	Insulin-like peptide 6	Drosophila melanogaster	86-91
23836420-1	2013	O-linked beta-N-actylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a carbohydrate post-translational modification on hydroxyl groups of serine and/or threonine residues of cytosolic and nuclear proteins.	Carbohydrates	49-61	O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase	Homo sapiens	34-42
23596181-0	2013	Modulation by dietary fat and carbohydrate of IRS1 association with type 2 diabetes traits in two populations of different ancestries.	Carbohydrates	30-42	insulin receptor substrate 1	Homo sapiens	46-50
23927945-4	2013	Both LPL mass-adjusted WC and systolic BP (SBP) were positively associated with a ratio of percent energy from carbohydrate to percent energy from fat in individuals with P2H2 haplotype.	Carbohydrates	111-123	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	5-8
23658350-9	2013	Enhanced expressions of the jejunal sodium glucose transporter 1, glucose transporter 2, and aminopeptidase-N mRNA were found at d 16 of incubation in embryos that received carbohydrate solution into the amniotic fluid in comparison with the control group (P &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	173-185	solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 2	Columba livia	66-87
23882266-6	2013	SIGNR3 is the closest murine homolog of the human dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) receptor recognizing similar carbohydrate ligands such as terminal fucose or high-mannose glycans.	Carbohydrates	169-181	CD209d antigen	Mus musculus	0-6
23657851-0	2013	Galectin-3 mediates oligomerization of secreted hensin using its carbohydrate-recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	65-77	galectin-3	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-10
23657851-7	2013	Galectin-3 interacted with hensin in vitro via its carbohydrate-binding COOH-terminal domain, and the interaction was competitively inhibited by lactose, removal of the COOH-terminal domain of galectin-3, and deglycosylation of hensin.	Carbohydrates	51-63	galectin-3	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-10
23548149-2	2013	The PFKFB3 gene is involved in cell proliferation owing to its role in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	71-83	6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3	Homo sapiens	4-10
23608222-7	2013	Pretreatment with a muscarine receptor antagonist, atropine methyl nitrate, which does not cross the blood-brain barrier, almost completely blocked insulin secretion induced by voluntary feeding of standard chow or carbohydrate in Kir6.2(-/-) mice.	Carbohydrates	215-227	potassium inwardly rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 11	Mus musculus	231-237
23578300-1	2013	The synthesis of the amphiphilic homoglycopolypeptide was carried out by a combination of NCA polymerization and click chemistry to yield a well-defined polypeptide having an amphiphilic carbohydrate on its side chain.	Carbohydrates	187-199	CEA cell adhesion molecule 6	Homo sapiens	90-93
23637286-2	2013	These folding factors consist of classical chaperones and their cochaperones, the carbohydrate-binding chaperones, and the folding catalysts of the PDI and proline cis-trans isomerase families.	Carbohydrates	82-94	peptidyl arginine deiminase 1	Homo sapiens	148-151
23444403-1	2013	Galectin-1 (Gal1) is a member of a highly conserved family of carbohydrate-binding proteins.	Carbohydrates	62-74	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	12-16
23580130-5	2013	Consequently, decreased expression of Indy in fly and worm, and the removal of mIndy in mice exhibit changes associated with calorie restriction, such as decreased levels of lipids, changes in carbohydrate metabolism and increased mitochondrial biogenesis.	Carbohydrates	193-205	I'm not dead yet	Drosophila melanogaster	38-42
23489367-4	2013	This places DGAT2 at the centre of carbohydrate-induced hypertriglyceridaemia and hepatic steatosis.	Carbohydrates	35-47	acyl-CoA wax alcohol acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	12-17
23386204-10	2013	These 81 proteins were associated with lipid (e.g., acyl CoA dehydrogenase) and carbohydrate (e.g., fumarase) metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation (e.g., ubiquinol-cytochrome C reductase), ATP synthesis (F1 ATPase), and H2S synthesis (3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase).	Carbohydrates	80-92	fumarate hydratase	Rattus norvegicus	100-108
23321067-0	2013	Refolded recombinant Siglec5 for NMR investigation of complex carbohydrate binding.	Carbohydrates	62-74	sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 5	Homo sapiens	21-28
23321067-2	2013	Existing structural and functional data fail to define the clear ligand specificity of Siglec5, though like other Siglec family members, it binds a variety of complex carbohydrates containing a sialic acid at the non-reducing terminus.	Carbohydrates	167-180	sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 5	Homo sapiens	87-94
23321067-4	2013	We developed an expression and purification protocol that uses an on-column strategy to refold Escherichia coli expressed protein that produced a high yield (2 mg/L) of the single N-terminal Siglec5 carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD).	Carbohydrates	199-211	sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 5	Homo sapiens	191-198
23321067-6	2013	NMR chemical shift mapping of Siglec5 binding to three carbohydrate ligands revealed similarities in binding interfaces and affinities.	Carbohydrates	55-67	sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 5	Homo sapiens	30-37
23321067-8	2013	These studies demonstrate the Siglec5 CRD alone is sufficient for binding sialylated carbohydrates and provide a foundation for further investigation of Siglec5 structure and function.	Carbohydrates	85-98	sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 5	Homo sapiens	30-37
23555166-14	2013	High intakes of carbohydrate, vitamin B1, and vitamin E may decrease the risk of RUNX3 methylation in gastric cancer tissue, particularly in CagA- or H. pylori-negative infection, with OR of 0.41 (0.19-0.90), 0.42 (0.20-0.89), and 0.29 (0.13-0.62), respectively.	Carbohydrates	16-28	RUNX family transcription factor 3	Homo sapiens	81-86
23090292-1	2013	The aim of this study was to observe the intracellular heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) and heme oxygenase-1 (HSP32) response to prolonged interval cycling following the ingestion of carbohydrates (CHO) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO(3)).	Carbohydrates	180-193	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	89-105
23090292-1	2013	The aim of this study was to observe the intracellular heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) and heme oxygenase-1 (HSP32) response to prolonged interval cycling following the ingestion of carbohydrates (CHO) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO(3)).	Carbohydrates	180-193	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	107-112
23331160-1	2013	A practical and modular approach to obtain a diverse set of 14-membered macrocyclic compounds from carbohydrates is developed that utilizes functional groups at C-1 and C-5.	Carbohydrates	99-112	complement component 5	Danio rerio	161-172
23192350-1	2013	Leukocyte adhesion during inflammation is initiated by the binding of sialofucosylated carbohydrates expressed on leukocytes to endothelial E/P-selectin.	Carbohydrates	87-100	selectin P	Homo sapiens	142-152
23546292-1	2013	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma plays a major role in the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	106-118	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-42
23546292-1	2013	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma plays a major role in the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	106-118	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	44-48
23221600-2	2013	Dietary carbohydrates increase SCD-1 gene expression in liver by sterol response element binding protein (SREBP)-1c-dependent and SREBP-1c -independent pathways.	Carbohydrates	8-21	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	65-115
23221600-2	2013	Dietary carbohydrates increase SCD-1 gene expression in liver by sterol response element binding protein (SREBP)-1c-dependent and SREBP-1c -independent pathways.	Carbohydrates	8-21	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	130-138
23535535-10	2013	In conclusion, the PTC/PROP-nontaster TAS2R38 genotype/haplotype was associated with height and weight but not with BMI, which may in turn have influenced the energy and carbohydrate intakes.	Carbohydrates	170-182	taste 2 receptor member 38	Homo sapiens	38-45
23774190-1	2013	BACKGROUND: The sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) 1c contributes to the transcriptional coordination of cholesterol, fatty acid, and carbohydrate metabolisms.	Carbohydrates	149-161	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	16-68
23399413-6	2013	The presence of distinct carbohydrates structures dependent upon the combined polymorphism at the FUT2, FUT3 and ABO loci influences susceptibility to NoV infection.	Carbohydrates	25-38	fucosyltransferase 3 (Lewis blood group)	Homo sapiens	104-108
23469306-3	2013	Recent in vitro studies have shown that Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites induced human colonic CaCo2 cells to synthesize TLR-2 and TLR-4 and proinflammatory cytokines after binding to the amebic Gal/GalNac lectin carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	215-227	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	133-138
23555773-2	2013	The tandem-repeat Gal-8 consists of a N- and a C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain (N- and C-CRD) joined by a linker peptide of various length.	Carbohydrates	58-70	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	18-23
23198686-5	2012	To our knowledge, this is the first single-molecule study aimed at dissecting the carbohydrate-antibody recognition of the gp120-2G12 interaction.	Carbohydrates	82-94	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	123-128
22835678-0	2012	Carbohydrate composition of amphiphilic macromolecules influences physicochemical properties and binding to atherogenic scavenger receptor A.	Carbohydrates	0-12	macrophage scavenger receptor 1	Homo sapiens	120-140
22835678-1	2012	Amphiphilic macromolecules (AMs) based on carbohydrate domains functionalized with poly(ethylene glycol) can inhibit the uptake of oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) mediated by scavenger receptor A (SR-A) and counteract foam cell formation, the characteristic "atherosclerotic" phenotype.	Carbohydrates	42-54	macrophage scavenger receptor 1	Homo sapiens	184-204
22835678-1	2012	Amphiphilic macromolecules (AMs) based on carbohydrate domains functionalized with poly(ethylene glycol) can inhibit the uptake of oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) mediated by scavenger receptor A (SR-A) and counteract foam cell formation, the characteristic "atherosclerotic" phenotype.	Carbohydrates	42-54	macrophage scavenger receptor 1	Homo sapiens	206-210
22891219-3	2012	FTO rs1558902 was genotyped in 742 obese adults who were randomly assigned to one of four diets differing in the proportions of fat, protein, and carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	146-158	FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	0-3
22917893-1	2012	Protein kinase CK2 was originally identified by analyzing carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	58-70	casein kinase 2 alpha 1	Homo sapiens	0-18
22750129-2	2012	In this context, leptin and adiponectin, the two most abundant adipocyte products, represent one of the best example of adipocytokines involved in the control of energy expenditure, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism as well as in the regulation of immune responses.	Carbohydrates	192-204	leptin	Homo sapiens	17-23
22750129-4	2012	In this review we focus on the main biological activities of leptin and adiponectin on the lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and on their contribute in regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses.	Carbohydrates	101-113	leptin	Homo sapiens	61-67
24751029-1	2012	Novel carbohydrate-based hybrids combining chitosan and chemically modified chitosan with CdS inorganic nanoparticles were designed and prepared via aqueous route at room temperature.	Carbohydrates	6-18	CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 1	Homo sapiens	90-93
22079207-3	2012	GLUT4 is an insulin-regulated glucose transporter involved in insulin sensitivity and carbohydrate metabolism in muscle cells.	Carbohydrates	86-98	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
22658952-1	2012	Mammalian glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) is a housekeeping mitochondrial enzyme (hGDH1 in the human) that catalyses the reversible inter-conversion of glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate and ammonia, thus interconnecting amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	232-244	glutamate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	10-33
22658952-1	2012	Mammalian glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) is a housekeeping mitochondrial enzyme (hGDH1 in the human) that catalyses the reversible inter-conversion of glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate and ammonia, thus interconnecting amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	232-244	glutamate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	35-38
22658952-1	2012	Mammalian glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) is a housekeeping mitochondrial enzyme (hGDH1 in the human) that catalyses the reversible inter-conversion of glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate and ammonia, thus interconnecting amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	232-244	glutamate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	80-85
22683540-9	2012	Carbohydrate content in Fc and Fab was determined using an internal standard and corrected for both protein and glycan recoveries.	Carbohydrates	0-12	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	31-34
22683540-10	2012	Fab portion contained about 14% of the total carbohydrate which translates to 2.3 sugar chains per mol in IVIG where 2 chains are located in the CH2 domain of the Fc.	Carbohydrates	45-57	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	0-3
22683548-0	2012	The role of T1r3 and Trpm5 in carbohydrate-induced obesity in mice.	Carbohydrates	30-42	taste receptor, type 1, member 3	Mus musculus	12-16
22683548-0	2012	The role of T1r3 and Trpm5 in carbohydrate-induced obesity in mice.	Carbohydrates	30-42	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 5	Mus musculus	21-26
22683548-1	2012	We examined the role of T1r3 and Trpm5 taste signaling proteins in carbohydrate-induced overeating and obesity.	Carbohydrates	67-79	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 5	Mus musculus	33-38
22446378-13	2012	GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: These results may provide a clue to biological regulation of Th-cell interaction with selectins and other carbohydrate-recognition molecules by T-bet and GATA-3.	Carbohydrates	128-140	T-box transcription factor 21	Homo sapiens	166-171
23413682-6	2012	The presence of carbohydrate moieties in LAAO molecules promotes their attachment to cell"s surface and creation of high H2O2 local concentrations.	Carbohydrates	16-28	interleukin 4 induced 1	Mus musculus	41-45
22527756-3	2012	In this study, dependence of the energetics on the mutual position-orientation (PO) of saccharide and aromatic residue has been investigated by geometry optimization of a very large number (164) of complexes at MP2/6-31G(d,p) level of theory.	Carbohydrates	87-97	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	211-214
24750599-3	2012	Total carbohydrate content in BRP was determined to be 96.9%, without the presence of protein and nucleic acid.	Carbohydrates	6-18	growth differentiation factor 5	Mus musculus	30-33
22410170-5	2012	Although, because of their lower MW, surface coating of NP vaccines with carbohydrates resulted in a higher number of surface molecules per NP than coating with Abs, NP vaccines carrying Abs were more effectively bound and internalized by human DCs than carriers harboring Le(x), ManLAM or gp120.	Carbohydrates	73-86	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	290-295
22668829-1	2012	The bifunctional enzyme 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (PFK-2/FBPase-2) is a key regulator of carbohydrate metabolism in liver.	Carbohydrates	116-128	6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 2	Rattus norvegicus	78-83
21749433-6	2012	The lowest levels of AMH were found in patients with MS and carbohydrate disturbances.	Carbohydrates	60-72	anti-Mullerian hormone	Homo sapiens	21-24
22427130-10	2012	PAI-1, endotoxin, and ALT plasma levels were positively related to total protein and carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	85-97	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
32426668-3	2020	Case Report: We report a case of a patient with type II diabetes mellitus who presented with euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis in the setting of concurrent use of canagliflozin, a sodium-glucose transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor, and strict adherence to a low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet for weight control.	Carbohydrates	258-270	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	179-207
24061235-2	2012	alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) is an essential enzyme that helps to digestion of carbohydrates such as starch and sugar.	Carbohydrates	82-95	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	0-17
22170377-1	2012	In this article, we describe a hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) method to remodel the carbohydrates on recombinant human beta-glucocerebrosidase (GCR) and the use of hydroxyl ethyl starch (HES) an ethylated starch polymer, to improve this process.	Carbohydrates	98-111	glucosylceramidase beta	Homo sapiens	133-156
22170377-1	2012	In this article, we describe a hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) method to remodel the carbohydrates on recombinant human beta-glucocerebrosidase (GCR) and the use of hydroxyl ethyl starch (HES) an ethylated starch polymer, to improve this process.	Carbohydrates	98-111	glucosylceramidase beta	Homo sapiens	158-161
32426668-3	2020	Case Report: We report a case of a patient with type II diabetes mellitus who presented with euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis in the setting of concurrent use of canagliflozin, a sodium-glucose transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor, and strict adherence to a low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet for weight control.	Carbohydrates	258-270	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	209-215
22732219-6	2012	These results indicate that low nitrate reductase activity due to the AtSIZ1 mutation is correlated with an overall decrease in alternative respiration and with a low carbohydrate content to maintain the carbon to nitrogen ratio in siz1-2 mutants.	Carbohydrates	167-179	DNA-binding protein with MIZ/SP-RING zinc finger, PHD-finger and SAP domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	70-76
32049582-4	2020	Wdp is a single-pass transmembrane protein with leucin-rich repeat (LRR) motifs and bears three CS sugar chain attachment sites in the extracellular domain.	Carbohydrates	99-104	windpipe	Drosophila melanogaster	0-3
22366522-2	2012	Tumor antigens can be specifically targeted to DCs in vivo by exploiting their expression of C-type lectin receptors (CLR), which bind carbohydrate structures on antigens, resulting in internalization and antigen presentation to T-cells.	Carbohydrates	135-147	doublecortin like kinase 3	Homo sapiens	93-116
22366522-2	2012	Tumor antigens can be specifically targeted to DCs in vivo by exploiting their expression of C-type lectin receptors (CLR), which bind carbohydrate structures on antigens, resulting in internalization and antigen presentation to T-cells.	Carbohydrates	135-147	doublecortin like kinase 3	Homo sapiens	118-121
22369717-6	2012	It may also be considered as a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism because of the formation of polyglucosan inclusion bodies in neural and other tissues due to abnormalities of the proteins laforin or malin.	Carbohydrates	43-55	EPM2A glucan phosphatase, laforin	Homo sapiens	190-197
32221390-2	2020	PGM1 catalyzes the bi-directional interconversion between alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate (G1P) and alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate (G6P), a reaction that is essential for normal carbohydrate metabolism and also important in the cytoplasmic biosynthesis of nucleotide sugars needed for glycan biosynthesis.	Carbohydrates	171-183	phosphoglucomutase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
22369717-6	2012	It may also be considered as a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism because of the formation of polyglucosan inclusion bodies in neural and other tissues due to abnormalities of the proteins laforin or malin.	Carbohydrates	43-55	NHL repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1	Homo sapiens	201-206
22427641-3	2012	This genetic locus, which we have named mustard (mtd), contains a LysM domain, often involved in carbohydrate recognition, and a TLDc domain of unknown function.	Carbohydrates	97-109	mustard	Drosophila melanogaster	40-47
22427641-3	2012	This genetic locus, which we have named mustard (mtd), contains a LysM domain, often involved in carbohydrate recognition, and a TLDc domain of unknown function.	Carbohydrates	97-109	mustard	Drosophila melanogaster	49-52
22525354-6	2012	Of significant interest, we identified genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism (adiponectin and Dpp4) and in growth and development (GH, Tgfb (Tgfb2), Wnt4) as potential targets of androgen action via the AR in mineralizing osteoblasts.	Carbohydrates	57-69	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	98-102
22338072-4	2012	Glucose-dependent binding of ChREBP to a newly identified carbohydrate response element in the PNPLA3 promoter was demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation.	Carbohydrates	58-70	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	95-101
32435377-3	2020	In particular, we report the synthesis of two novel hCAs inhibitors 2 and 3 which feature the presence of a piperidine iminosugar and an additional carbohydrate moiety derived from levoglucosenone (1), a key intermediate derived from cellulose pyrolysis.	Carbohydrates	148-160	BCAR1 scaffold protein, Cas family member	Homo sapiens	52-56
22289891-10	2012	In addition, in vitro binding studies confirmed the interaction of ADAMTS13 with the carbohydrate recognition domains of MR.	Carbohydrates	85-97	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 13	Homo sapiens	67-75
22349222-0	2012	The epithelial adhesin 1 (Epa1p) from the human-pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata: structural and functional study of the carbohydrate-binding domain.	Carbohydrates	122-134	GTPase NPA3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	26-31
31865090-3	2020	It improves the action of insulin and nutrient metabolism (of lipids, proteins, nucleic acid, and carbohydrates) through activation of enzymes associated with such pathways.	Carbohydrates	98-111	insulin	Bos taurus	26-33
22349222-8	2012	However, Epa1p differs from this homologue by the lack of a Flo5-like subdomain and by a significantly decreased accessibility of the solvent to the binding site, in which a calcium ion still plays an active role in the interactions with carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	238-251	GTPase NPA3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	9-14
32190036-2	2020	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that are involved in carbohydrate and fatty-acid metabolism and have also been associated with DR. Three PPAR isoforms are known: PPARG, PPARA, and PPARD.	Carbohydrates	95-107	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	45-49
22115192-2	2012	The PFKFB3 gene is extensively involved in cell proliferation owing to its key role in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	87-99	6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3	Homo sapiens	4-10
31857120-6	2020	By tandem MS (MS/MS) we have further analyzed the structure of GD3(d18:1/18:0) and GD2(d18:1/18:0), two glycoforms exhibiting short carbohydrate chains found in CSF, but discovered and characterized previously in brain as well.	Carbohydrates	132-144	GRDX	Homo sapiens	63-66
22246129-2	2012	Recent studies indicate that many CLRs, such as Dectin-1, Dectin-2 and Mincle, function as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognizing carbohydrate ligands from infected microorganisms.	Carbohydrates	140-152	C-type lectin domain containing 7A	Homo sapiens	48-56
22246129-2	2012	Recent studies indicate that many CLRs, such as Dectin-1, Dectin-2 and Mincle, function as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognizing carbohydrate ligands from infected microorganisms.	Carbohydrates	140-152	C-type lectin domain containing 6A	Homo sapiens	58-66
22429229-1	2012	Acute carbohydrate supplementation decreases effort perception and increases endurance exercise capacity at sea level.	Carbohydrates	6-18	S13 erythroblastosis (avian) oncogene homolog	Homo sapiens	108-111
31863815-4	2020	High fat and sugar diet, disbalanced intestinal flora, and obesity have recently been linked to activation of inflammation and SphK/S1P/S1P receptor (S1PR) signaling in various GI pathologies, including cancer.	Carbohydrates	13-18	sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	127-131
31995359-0	2020	Different Anomeric Sugar Bound States of MBP Resolved by a Cytolysin A Nanopore Tweezer.	Carbohydrates	19-24	perforin 1	Homo sapiens	59-68
22230366-7	2012	Carbohydrate binding agents (CBAs), previously shown to bind gp120 and inhibit HIV entry, were now demonstrated to inhibit gp120 disulfide reduction.	Carbohydrates	0-12	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	61-66
32024885-3	2020	The saccharopine pathway intermediates and phosphorylated sugars are abundant when cellular expressions of DHTKD1 and OGDH are comparable, while nicotinate and non-phosphorylated sugars are when DHTKD1 expression is order(s) of magnitude lower than that of OGDH.	Carbohydrates	58-64	dehydrogenase E1 and transketolase domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	107-113
22230366-7	2012	Carbohydrate binding agents (CBAs), previously shown to bind gp120 and inhibit HIV entry, were now demonstrated to inhibit gp120 disulfide reduction.	Carbohydrates	0-12	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	123-128
22232548-4	2012	Recently, we showed that galectin-3 Tyr-107 is phosphorylated by c-Abl; concomitantly, it was also shown that galectin-3 can be cleaved at this site by prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a chymotrypsin-like serine protease, after Tyr-107, resulting in loss of galectin-3 multivalency while preserving its carbohydrate binding activity.	Carbohydrates	303-315	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	179-182
32024885-3	2020	The saccharopine pathway intermediates and phosphorylated sugars are abundant when cellular expressions of DHTKD1 and OGDH are comparable, while nicotinate and non-phosphorylated sugars are when DHTKD1 expression is order(s) of magnitude lower than that of OGDH.	Carbohydrates	179-185	dehydrogenase E1 and transketolase domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	195-201
31758356-8	2020	CAM and PAI-1 were correlated with carbohydrate metabolism biomarkers (glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR).	Carbohydrates	35-47	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	8-13
22167201-5	2012	To determine the solution structure of MBL, synchrotron x-ray scattering and analytical ultracentrifugation experiments showed that the carbohydrate-recognition domains in the MBL dimer, trimer, and tetramer are positioned close to each other in near-planar fan-like structures.	Carbohydrates	136-148	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	39-42
22167201-5	2012	To determine the solution structure of MBL, synchrotron x-ray scattering and analytical ultracentrifugation experiments showed that the carbohydrate-recognition domains in the MBL dimer, trimer, and tetramer are positioned close to each other in near-planar fan-like structures.	Carbohydrates	136-148	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	176-179
22167201-7	2012	A bent structure for the MBL monomer was identified starting from two crystal structures for its carbohydrate-recognition domain and its triple helical region.	Carbohydrates	97-109	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	25-28
32037601-0	2020	The geography of grassland plant chemistry and productivity accounts for ant sodium and sugar usage.	Carbohydrates	88-93	solute carrier family 25 member 6	Homo sapiens	29-32
22138991-6	2012	Disrupting the carbohydrates of CWM or porcine gastric mucin (PGM) (a carbohydrate control) using 100 mM sodium periodate (NaIO(4)) significantly decreased the binding an average of 17% in younger leaves, 43% in older leaves, and 92% for PGM.	Carbohydrates	15-27	mucin 5AC, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	47-60
32037601-9	2020	For both Na and sugar, over half of the variation in ant bait usage was accounted for by their predictions.	Carbohydrates	16-21	solute carrier family 25 member 6	Homo sapiens	53-56
31669519-0	2020	Galectin-1 attenuates neurodegeneration in Parkinson"s disease model by modulating microglial MAPK/IkappaB/NFkappaB axis through its Carbohydrate-recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	133-145	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
31669519-9	2020	The protective effects and modulation of the MAPK/IkappaB/NFkappaB signaling pathway were abolished with beta-D-galactose which blocked the carbohydrate-recognition domain of galectin-1.	Carbohydrates	140-152	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	175-185
31669519-10	2020	The present study demonstrated that galectin-1 inhibited microglia activation and ameliorated neurodegenerative process in PD model by modulating MAPK/IkappaB/NFkappaB axis through its Carbohydrate-recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	185-197	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	36-46
22035380-1	2012	Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a protein able to bind to carbohydrate patterns on pathogen membranes; upon MBL binding, its" associated serine protease MBL-associated serine protease type 2 (MASP2) is autoactivated, promoting the activation of complement via the lectin pathway.	Carbohydrates	58-70	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-22
31763966-9	2020	The articles presented several lectins specific to different carbohydrates, modulating: pro and anti-apoptotic proteins, transcription factor E2F-1, via mitogen-activated protein kinase.	Carbohydrates	61-74	E2F transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	142-147
22035380-1	2012	Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a protein able to bind to carbohydrate patterns on pathogen membranes; upon MBL binding, its" associated serine protease MBL-associated serine protease type 2 (MASP2) is autoactivated, promoting the activation of complement via the lectin pathway.	Carbohydrates	58-70	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	24-27
22035380-1	2012	Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a protein able to bind to carbohydrate patterns on pathogen membranes; upon MBL binding, its" associated serine protease MBL-associated serine protease type 2 (MASP2) is autoactivated, promoting the activation of complement via the lectin pathway.	Carbohydrates	58-70	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	108-111
22200052-2	2012	The outer cell wall component on pathogenic fungi consists of beta-1,3-glucan, and Dectin-1, a pattern recognition receptor present on the cell surface of innate immune cells, binds specifically to this carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	203-215	C-type lectin domain containing 7A	Homo sapiens	83-91
31629394-9	2020	MicroRNA126 was positively correlated with age, eGFR, microRNA192 while negatively correlated with blood sugar, HBA1c, urea, creatinine and ACR .	Carbohydrates	105-110	microRNA 126	Homo sapiens	0-11
22286440-1	2012	BACKGROUND: The alpha-gal epitope is a carbohydrate antigen that interacts specifically with the natural anti-Gal antibody--the most abundant antibody in humans.	Carbohydrates	39-51	GLA	Sus scrofa	16-25
32089522-7	2020	Using further coexpression network analysis, we determined that the module containing GRMZM2G077752 were over-represented by genes related to abscisic acid (ABA) stimulus and carbohydrate metabolic process.	Carbohydrates	175-187	protein LATERAL ROOT PRIMORDIUM 1	Zea mays	86-99
22836186-0	2012	Combination of apolipoprotein E4 and high carbohydrate diet reduces hippocampal BDNF and arc levels and impairs memory in young mice.	Carbohydrates	42-54	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	80-84
22836186-0	2012	Combination of apolipoprotein E4 and high carbohydrate diet reduces hippocampal BDNF and arc levels and impairs memory in young mice.	Carbohydrates	42-54	activity regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein	Mus musculus	89-92
32089522-8	2020	This result indicated that GRMZM2G077752 might perceive ABA signal and cause the activation of carbohydrate remobilization during leaf ageing.	Carbohydrates	95-107	protein LATERAL ROOT PRIMORDIUM 1	Zea mays	27-40
32350172-0	2020	Effect of a Moderate Carbohydrate-Restricted Diet on DPP-4 Inhibitor Action among Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A 6-Month Intervention Study.	Carbohydrates	21-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-58
21893516-1	2012	Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) was first discovered as a collectin in animal blood, and was shown to have such unique characteristics as a collage-like domain and a carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	162-174	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-21
21893516-1	2012	Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) was first discovered as a collectin in animal blood, and was shown to have such unique characteristics as a collage-like domain and a carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	162-174	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	23-26
23346404-5	2012	Second, using fluorescently labeled ESA and flow cytometric and fluorescence microscopic measurements, it could be shown that ESA does not bind to cells that were treated with glycosidases, indicating importance of the carbohydrate chains on the surface of the cells for efficient ESA-cell interactions.	Carbohydrates	219-231	flotillin 2	Mus musculus	126-129
32350172-4	2020	In this study we aimed to elucidate the effects of a moderate carbohydrate-restricted diet on glucose metabolism and renal function in patients with T2D on dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors.	Carbohydrates	62-74	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	156-178
23346404-5	2012	Second, using fluorescently labeled ESA and flow cytometric and fluorescence microscopic measurements, it could be shown that ESA does not bind to cells that were treated with glycosidases, indicating importance of the carbohydrate chains on the surface of the cells for efficient ESA-cell interactions.	Carbohydrates	219-231	flotillin 2	Mus musculus	126-129
32350172-4	2020	In this study we aimed to elucidate the effects of a moderate carbohydrate-restricted diet on glucose metabolism and renal function in patients with T2D on dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors.	Carbohydrates	62-74	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	180-185
33476495-13	2020	In patients with DM2 leptin and insulin deficiency was revealed, which was confirmed by the presence of negative correlations between insulin concentration and energy consumption (r=-0.817, p<0.001) and carbohydrates intake (r=-0.299, p<0.001), as well as between carbohydrate intake and leptin concentration (r=-0.221, p<0.01) and HOMA-IR (r=-0.257, p<0.005).	Carbohydrates	203-216	leptin	Homo sapiens	21-27
22116702-1	2012	Riboflavin (7,8-dimethyl-10-ribitylisoalloxazine; vitamin B2) is a water-soluble vitamin, cofactor derivatives of which (FAD, FMN) act as electron acceptors in the oxidative metabolism of carbohydrate, amino acids and fatty acids and which in the reduced state can donate electrons to complex II of the electron transport chain.	Carbohydrates	188-200	formin 1	Homo sapiens	126-129
33476495-13	2020	In patients with DM2 leptin and insulin deficiency was revealed, which was confirmed by the presence of negative correlations between insulin concentration and energy consumption (r=-0.817, p<0.001) and carbohydrates intake (r=-0.299, p<0.001), as well as between carbohydrate intake and leptin concentration (r=-0.221, p<0.01) and HOMA-IR (r=-0.257, p<0.005).	Carbohydrates	203-215	leptin	Homo sapiens	21-27
31861875-9	2019	Binding assays with the deletion mutants of Galectin-8, comprising either of the two carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD), revealed that K-Ras4B only interacts with the N-CRD, but not with the C-CRD.	Carbohydrates	85-97	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	44-54
22185589-8	2011	The carbohydrate composition of this site was determined for rAPA by mass spectrometry analysis, and was found to contain different glycoforms depending on culture conditions.	Carbohydrates	4-16	glutamyl aminopeptidase	Rattus norvegicus	61-65
21877956-2	2012	The present study was undertaken to evaluate the association between peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)alpha and PPARgamma polymorphisms, two genes involved in lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiation, and elements of the metabolic syndrome, lipodystrophy, or carbohydrate metabolism abnormalities in patients receiving HAART.	Carbohydrates	281-293	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	113-123
22000082-4	2011	Local injection of adiponectin into the POA induced prolonged elevation of core body temperature and decreased respiratory exchange ratio (RER) indicating that increased energy expenditure is associated with increased oxidation of fat over carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	240-253	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	19-30
31819776-5	2019	Immunohistochemical analyses indicated that a high expression of hnRNP AB was significantly associated with preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA; P&lt;0.001) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (P=0.014) levels, tumour size (P=0.022) and infiltration (P=0.026), lymph node metastasis (P&lt;0.001) and Tumour-Node-Metastasis stage (P&lt;0.001).	Carbohydrates	168-180	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A/B	Homo sapiens	65-73
22377282-2	2012	MBL, being part of the innate immune system, supports the recognition of infectious pathogens by binding to carbohydrate moieties expressed on microorganisms and activates the lectin pathway of the complement system.	Carbohydrates	108-120	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
24843559-12	2012	In addition, inhibition of digestion of dietary carbohydrate by alpha-glucosidase inhibitors may prevent postprandial hyperglycemia by increasing GLP-1 secretion and by inhibiting glucose absorption.	Carbohydrates	48-60	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	64-81
31279128-3	2019	We here demonstrate that a carbohydrate-binding module family 56 domain (CBM56-Tag) mediates the immobilization of fusion enzymes with the curdlan (beta-1,3-glucan) particle support, thereby enabling the one-step immobilization-purification of target enzymes.	Carbohydrates	27-39	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-18 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	148-156
21817852-9	2011	Our results suggest that the stimulation of insulin- signaling pathway of Akt-FOXO1 and SHP expression may regulate cholesterol/bile acid metabolisms in liver, linking carbohydrate and cholesterol metabolic pathways.	Carbohydrates	168-180	nuclear receptor subfamily 0, group B, member 2	Rattus norvegicus	88-91
31419443-8	2019	Bioinformatic analyses suggest that upregulated GATA3 and TAL1 activate ALDH1A2 and then disrupt amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism, which may increase the risk of HCC.	Carbohydrates	112-124	TAL bHLH transcription factor 1, erythroid differentiation factor	Homo sapiens	58-62
21840476-7	2011	It has been found that maintaining at least one basic functional group around the C-4 position in the carbohydrate moiety is crucial for cytotoxicity.	Carbohydrates	102-114	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	82-85
31313796-1	2019	Stimuli-responsive receptors for the recognition unit of the cholera toxin (CTB) have been prepared by attaching multiple copies of its natural carbohydrate ligand, the GM1 oligosaccharide, to a thermoresponsive polymer scaffold.	Carbohydrates	144-156	chitobiase	Homo sapiens	76-79
21159783-2	2011	Although it is known that the epitopes recognized by Tra-1-60 and Tra-1-81 are carbohydrates, the exact molecular identity of these epitopes has been unclear.	Carbohydrates	79-92	phospholipid scramblase 4	Homo sapiens	53-58
21159783-2	2011	Although it is known that the epitopes recognized by Tra-1-60 and Tra-1-81 are carbohydrates, the exact molecular identity of these epitopes has been unclear.	Carbohydrates	79-92	phospholipid scramblase 4	Homo sapiens	66-71
31885637-9	2019	Additionally, it was also found that HD can regulate the protein expression of GLUT4 and AMPK to interfere with TCA cycle and carbohydrate metabolism to treat T2DM.	Carbohydrates	126-138	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	79-84
21648090-9	2011	This structure-affinity relationship of dPGS suggests that the strong inhibitory potential of dPGS is not only based on the strong electrostatic interaction with areas of cationic surface potential on L-selectin but is also due to a steric shielding of the carbohydrate binding site by large, flexible dPGS particles.	Carbohydrates	257-269	selectin L	Homo sapiens	201-211
31538793-3	2019	This toxin-induced reorganization of lipid packing reached beyond the immediate membrane patch that the protein was bound to, and linkers separating the Gb3 carbohydrate and ceramide moieties modulated the toxin"s capacity to compress the membrane.	Carbohydrates	157-169	alpha 1,4-galactosyltransferase (P blood group)	Homo sapiens	153-156
21132439-8	2011	In conclusion, training in the fasted state, compared with identical training with ample carbohydrate intake, facilitates post-exercise dephosphorylation of eEF2.	Carbohydrates	89-101	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2	Homo sapiens	157-161
31569830-2	2019	To avoid sugar digestion and postprandial hyperglycemia, it is necessary to inhibit alpha-glucosidase, a digestive enzyme with an important role in carbohydrate digestion.	Carbohydrates	9-14	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	84-101
21345330-9	2011	Furthermore, the levels of storage carbohydrates such as glycogen and trehalose fluctuated in PSK2 mutants with attenuated amplitudes comparable to those in the wild type.	Carbohydrates	35-48	serine/threonine protein kinase PSK2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	94-98
21345330-10	2011	The results indicated that PSK2 kinase is important for the uptake of glucose and regulation of storage-carbohydrate synthesis and hence the maintenance of an unperturbed continuously oscillating state.	Carbohydrates	104-116	serine/threonine protein kinase PSK2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	27-31
31569830-2	2019	To avoid sugar digestion and postprandial hyperglycemia, it is necessary to inhibit alpha-glucosidase, a digestive enzyme with an important role in carbohydrate digestion.	Carbohydrates	148-160	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	84-101
31454004-0	2019	Correction: A study towards drug discovery for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus through inhibition of the carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase by chalcone derivatives.	Carbohydrates	116-128	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	167-184
21315829-6	2011	Upon binding of ficolins and MBL to carbohydrates on pathogens, MASPs convert to active forms, and subsequently activate the complement.	Carbohydrates	36-49	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	29-32
21470685-7	2011	Mac-1-dependent, but not Mac-1-independent, transmigration was significantly reduced in the presence of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine and d-mannose, the saccharides that disrupt uPAR/Mac-1 association, but was unaffected in the presence of control saccharides (d-sorbitol and sucrose).	Carbohydrates	146-157	plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor	Homo sapiens	171-175
31454004-1	2019	Correction for "A study towards drug discovery for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus through inhibition of the carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase by chalcone derivatives" by Sonia Rocha, et al., Food Funct., 2019, DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01298b.	Carbohydrates	120-132	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	171-188
31006109-6	2019	Increasing carbohydrate availability by cecal starch infusion led to a decrease in hindgut AAA metabolism, and an increase in systemic AAA availability, central AAA-derived neurotransmitters (5-HT, dopamine), and neurotrophin BDNF in piglets, indicating that hindgut microbiota affect hypothalamic neurochemistry in an AAA-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	11-23	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	226-230
21677350-0	2011	[Role of leptin in the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism].	Carbohydrates	47-59	leptin	Homo sapiens	9-15
30721868-9	2019	Correspondingly, expression of the genes related to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in liver and intestine was affected by boscalid, especially in the significant upregulation of G6Pase and pparalpha and downregulation of SGLT-1 and AMY.	Carbohydrates	52-64	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1a, tandem duplicate 2	Danio rerio	181-187
21677350-10	2011	Therefore, leptin can effectively control whole-body energy homeostasis by altering lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, especially in adipose tissue and muscles.	Carbohydrates	94-106	leptin	Homo sapiens	11-17
21609284-1	2011	We investigated the possible association between the sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c gene (SREBP-1c) rs2297508 polymorphism and the changes in lipid profiles in a high-carbohydrate and low-fat (high-CHO/LF) diet in a Chinese population well characterized by a lower incidence of coronary heart disease and a diet featuring higher carbohydrate and lower fat.	Carbohydrates	181-193	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	104-112
30721868-9	2019	Correspondingly, expression of the genes related to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in liver and intestine was affected by boscalid, especially in the significant upregulation of G6Pase and pparalpha and downregulation of SGLT-1 and AMY.	Carbohydrates	52-64	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha b	Danio rerio	192-201
29374794-9	2019	Moreover, Del-allele carriers with low carbohydrate (< 54%) had significantly higher leptin and ghrelin than Ins/Ins homozygotes (P < 0.05), however, in high-carbohydrate group, leptin and ghrelin were not significantly lower.	Carbohydrates	39-51	leptin	Homo sapiens	85-91
21609284-1	2011	We investigated the possible association between the sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c gene (SREBP-1c) rs2297508 polymorphism and the changes in lipid profiles in a high-carbohydrate and low-fat (high-CHO/LF) diet in a Chinese population well characterized by a lower incidence of coronary heart disease and a diet featuring higher carbohydrate and lower fat.	Carbohydrates	343-355	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	104-112
29374794-9	2019	Moreover, Del-allele carriers with low carbohydrate (< 54%) had significantly higher leptin and ghrelin than Ins/Ins homozygotes (P < 0.05), however, in high-carbohydrate group, leptin and ghrelin were not significantly lower.	Carbohydrates	39-51	leptin	Homo sapiens	178-184
29374794-10	2019	CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that the interaction between ApoB Ins/Del and dietary intake of MUFA, SFA, n-3PUFA, carbohydrate and protein could modulate the serum levels of TG, LDL-C, leptin and ghrelin in T2DM patients.	Carbohydrates	121-133	leptin	Homo sapiens	192-198
30590818-2	2019	In this study, we used reverse genetic approaches and carbohydrate analysis to investigate the role of cucumber sucrose synthase gene 4 (CsSUS4) in the growth and development of sink organs.	Carbohydrates	54-66	sucrose synthase 5-like	Cucumis sativus	137-143
21172408-0	2011	Differences in the fractional abundances of carbohydrates of natural and recombinant human tissue factor.	Carbohydrates	44-57	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	91-104
21172408-8	2011	Carbohydrate fractional abundance at Asn11 revealed that glycosylation in the natural placental TF is much more prevalent (~76%) than in the recombinant protein (~20%).	Carbohydrates	0-12	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	96-98
30590818-5	2019	Furthermore, CsSUS4 overexpression (OE) lines exhibited increased carbohydrate content, and larger and heavier flowers and fruits.	Carbohydrates	66-78	sucrose synthase 5-like	Cucumis sativus	13-19
21216879-1	2011	Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) are involved in cell replication, proliferation, differentiation, protein synthesis, carbohydrate homeostasis and bone metabolism.	Carbohydrates	181-193	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	41-85
30797135-2	2019	GALNS encodes N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase that breaks down certain complex carbohydrates known as glycosaminoglycans (GAGs).	Carbohydrates	81-94	galactosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfatase	Homo sapiens	0-5
21216879-1	2011	Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) are involved in cell replication, proliferation, differentiation, protein synthesis, carbohydrate homeostasis and bone metabolism.	Carbohydrates	181-193	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	87-94
30925725-4	2019	The carbohydrate polysialic acid (polySia) interacts with both lactoferrin and histones.	Carbohydrates	4-16	lactotransferrin	Bos taurus	63-74
21666962-4	2011	They compose the nuclear receptor superfamily and there are in three isoforms (PPARalpha,PPARbeta/delta and PPARgamma), which play an important role in the regulation of the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.	Carbohydrates	188-201	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	79-88
22252863-1	2012	The Reg3 protein family, including the human member designated pancreatitis-associated protein (PAP), consists of secreted proteins that contain a C-type lectin domain involved in carbohydrate binding.	Carbohydrates	180-192	regenerating family member 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	4-8
22252863-1	2012	The Reg3 protein family, including the human member designated pancreatitis-associated protein (PAP), consists of secreted proteins that contain a C-type lectin domain involved in carbohydrate binding.	Carbohydrates	180-192	regenerating family member 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	63-94
22252863-1	2012	The Reg3 protein family, including the human member designated pancreatitis-associated protein (PAP), consists of secreted proteins that contain a C-type lectin domain involved in carbohydrate binding.	Carbohydrates	180-192	regenerating family member 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	96-99
30827101-4	2019	(-)-HCA accelerated carbohydrate aerobic metabolisms by increasing the activities of phosphofructokinase-1, pyruvate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase.	Carbohydrates	20-32	malic enzyme 1	Gallus gallus	161-181
21972845-8	2012	Analyses of the carbohydrate content of WT and mutant seedlings revealed reduced sucrose content in AtSUC4-OX seedlings.	Carbohydrates	16-28	sucrose transporter 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	100-106
22156524-4	2012	Axl- or Tyro3-mediated infection required intracellular signaling via the tyrosine kinase activity of Axl or Tyro3, whereas DC-SIGN- or LSECtin-mediated infection and binding were dependent on a specific carbohydrate and on ions.	Carbohydrates	204-216	AXL receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-4
20615072-4	2011	In skeletal muscle, FOXO1 activation underpins the carbohydrate/lipid switch during fasting state.	Carbohydrates	51-63	forkhead box O1	Mus musculus	20-25
21112760-0	2011	Electrochemiluminescent biosensing of carbohydrate-functionalized CdS nanocomposites for in situ label-free analysis of cell surface carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	38-50	CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 1	Homo sapiens	66-69
21112760-0	2011	Electrochemiluminescent biosensing of carbohydrate-functionalized CdS nanocomposites for in situ label-free analysis of cell surface carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	133-145	CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 1	Homo sapiens	66-69
21112760-1	2011	A facile electrochemiluminescent (ECL) strategy for in situ label-free monitoring of carbohydrate expression on living cells was designed by integrating the specific recognition of lectin to carbohydrate with a carbohydrate-functionalized CdS nanocomposite.	Carbohydrates	85-97	CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 1	Homo sapiens	239-242
21112760-2	2011	The mercaptopropionic acid-capped CdS quantum dots were firstly immobilized on carbon nanotubes modified electrode and then functionalized with carbohydrate using mannan as a model on the surface.	Carbohydrates	144-156	CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 1	Homo sapiens	34-37
21112760-3	2011	The carbohydrate-functionalized CdS nanocomposite showed high ECL sensitivity and good stability, and could be used for competitive recognition to concanavalin A with the target cells in solution, which led to a change of ECL intensity due to the resistance of concanavalin A.	Carbohydrates	4-16	CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 1	Homo sapiens	32-35
22156524-4	2012	Axl- or Tyro3-mediated infection required intracellular signaling via the tyrosine kinase activity of Axl or Tyro3, whereas DC-SIGN- or LSECtin-mediated infection and binding were dependent on a specific carbohydrate and on ions.	Carbohydrates	204-216	AXL receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-3
22246324-8	2012	Our results illustrate how cells deploy the danger receptor galectin 8 to combat infection by monitoring endosomal and lysosomal integrity on the basis of the specific lack of complex carbohydrates in the cytosol.	Carbohydrates	184-197	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	60-70
21047777-4	2011	Comparison of these complexes with the unliganded SP-A neck and carbohydrate recognition domain revealed an unexpected ligand-associated conformational change in the loop region surrounding the lectin site, one not previously reported for the lectin homologs SP-D and mannan-binding lectin.	Carbohydrates	64-76	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	268-289
30832586-5	2019	Differences in the expression of genes with key roles in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism (e.g. FABP3, ORMDL1 and SLC37A1) were also detected.	Carbohydrates	57-69	fatty acid-binding protein, heart	Sus scrofa	97-102
22224766-3	2012	CLR ligands include carbohydrate, protein, and lipid components of both pathogens and self, which variably trigger endocytic, phagocytic, proinflammatory, or anti-inflammatory reactions.	Carbohydrates	20-32	C-type lectin domain family 4 member D	Homo sapiens	0-3
30832586-5	2019	Differences in the expression of genes with key roles in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism (e.g. FABP3, ORMDL1 and SLC37A1) were also detected.	Carbohydrates	57-69	ORMDL sphingolipid biosynthesis regulator 1	Sus scrofa	104-110
30557902-5	2019	The aim of this review (based on a Pubmed search until August 2018) is to present the possible mechanisms linking ApoCIII and deterioration of carbohydrate homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	143-155	apolipoprotein C3	Homo sapiens	114-121
21664989-1	2012	The lectin pathway of the complement system is activated following the binding of carbohydrate-based ligands by recognition molecules such as mannose-binding lectin (MBL) or ficolins.	Carbohydrates	82-94	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	166-169
21076009-9	2011	The carbohydrate dissociation constants show that the affinity of N-Flo1p for mono- and dimannoses is in the millimolar range for the binding site with low affinity and in the micromolar range for the binding site with high affinity.	Carbohydrates	4-16	flocculin FLO1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	68-73
30557902-10	2019	Modulating ApoCIII may be a potent therapeutic approach to manage hypertriglyceridemia and improve carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	99-111	apolipoprotein C3	Homo sapiens	11-18
20945952-7	2011	The FTO variant was significantly associated with body mass index (means in GG, GT and TT carriers were 28.7, 28.2 and 27.8 kg/m(2), p&lt;0.001) and basal metabolic rate (BMR) (means in GG, GT and TT were 1603, 1588 and 1576 kcal per day, respectively, p&lt;0.008) but it was not associated with physical activity, total energy intake or with energy intakes from fat, carbohydrates, proteins or alcohol.	Carbohydrates	368-381	FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	4-7
22868230-7	2012	CONCLUSION: Analysis of structure-function relationships of murine GASP-1 provides insights into the involvement of the carbohydrate moiety of mGASP-1 on its biological activity.	Carbohydrates	120-132	WAP, follistatin/kazal, immunoglobulin, kunitz and netrin domain containing 2	Mus musculus	67-73
22868230-7	2012	CONCLUSION: Analysis of structure-function relationships of murine GASP-1 provides insights into the involvement of the carbohydrate moiety of mGASP-1 on its biological activity.	Carbohydrates	120-132	WAP, follistatin/kazal, immunoglobulin, kunitz and netrin domain containing 2	Mus musculus	143-150
30580042-0	2019	Molecular characterization of nine suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) genes from yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and their changes in mRNA expression to dietary carbohydrate levels.	Carbohydrates	174-186	cytokine inducible SH2 containing protein	Homo sapiens	70-74
22506769-2	2012	Boronic acid interacts with cis-1,2-or 1,3-diol to form five- or six-membered ring which could be used as the reporter of fluorescent sensors to probe carbohydrates and bioactive substance.	Carbohydrates	151-164	suppressor of cytokine signaling 1	Homo sapiens	28-33
30580042-2	2019	Here, we cloned and characterized the full-length cDNA sequences of nine genes of the SOCS family (SOCS1, 2, 3, 3b, 5, 5b, 6, 7 and CISH) from yellow catfish P. fulvidraco, explored their mRNA abundance across the tissues and their mRNA changes to dietary carbohydrate levels.	Carbohydrates	256-268	cytokine inducible SH2 containing protein	Homo sapiens	86-90
30580042-6	2019	Dietary carbohydrate addition showed significant effects on the mRNA levels of the nine SOCS members.	Carbohydrates	8-20	cytokine inducible SH2 containing protein	Homo sapiens	88-92
22201880-3	2012	Glycosylation of the extracellular domain and the composition of carbohydrates at three glycosylation sites have an influence on TF activity in the extrinsic FXase by increasing the rate of FX proteolysis.	Carbohydrates	65-78	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	129-131
30580042-8	2019	These indicated that SOCS members potentially mediated the utilization of dietary carbohydrate in yellow catfish.	Carbohydrates	82-94	cytokine inducible SH2 containing protein	Homo sapiens	21-25
30736336-4	2019	Previously, LT from human- and porcine-infecting ETEC (hLT and pLT, respectively) were shown to have different carbohydrate-binding specificities, in particular with respect to N-acetyllactosamine-terminating glycosphingolipids.	Carbohydrates	111-123	N-acylethanolamine acid amidase	Homo sapiens	63-66
22536027-4	2012	MBL binding to other known carbohydrate ligands is calcium-dependent and has been attributed to the carbohydrate-recognition domain, a common feature of other C-type lectins.	Carbohydrates	27-39	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
22536027-4	2012	MBL binding to other known carbohydrate ligands is calcium-dependent and has been attributed to the carbohydrate-recognition domain, a common feature of other C-type lectins.	Carbohydrates	100-112	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
30502327-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) may take part in the epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) malignant process because it is elevated in the serum of EOC patients, suggesting that HSP27 may serve as an EOC biomarker to complement the standard serum carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) test.	Carbohydrates	251-263	heat shock protein family B (small) member 1	Homo sapiens	12-33
30393112-8	2019	The present study addressed for the first time the effects of an early stimulus of ghrelin during the embryonic stage of zebrafish, however, further studies are needed to clarify the metabolic pathways affected by the early stimulus as well as focus on the effects on metabolic regulation of energy balance through lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	325-337	ghrelin/obestatin prepropeptide	Danio rerio	83-90
22731403-3	2012	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), which have three isoforms: PPAR-alpha, PPAR-gamma, and PPAR-delta, are key regulators of adipogenesis, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and are potential drug targets for treating metabolic syndrome.	Carbohydrates	166-178	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	80-90
30371117-3	2019	FTO and IGF2BP2 are the genetic loci associated with an increased risk of diabetes type 2 as well as being involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	129-141	FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	0-3
22928048-12	2012	These studies, together with recent reports documenting broadly neutralizing antibodies directed against carbohydrate epitopes of gp120, suggest that glycoform variation is a key variable to be considered in the production and evaluation of subunit vaccines designed to prevent HIV infection.	Carbohydrates	105-117	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	130-135
22936979-2	2012	Previously we reported that mice with a genetic inactivation of Acads (acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase, short-chain), the enzyme responsible for mitochondrial beta-oxidation of C4-C6 short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), shift consumption away from fat and toward carbohydrate when offered a choice between diets.	Carbohydrates	257-269	acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, short chain	Mus musculus	64-69
22936979-2	2012	Previously we reported that mice with a genetic inactivation of Acads (acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase, short-chain), the enzyme responsible for mitochondrial beta-oxidation of C4-C6 short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), shift consumption away from fat and toward carbohydrate when offered a choice between diets.	Carbohydrates	257-269	acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, short chain	Mus musculus	71-100
22457708-1	2012	GLUCOCORTICOIDS are steroid hormones that strongly influence intermediary carbohydrate metabolism by increasing the transcription rate of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), a key enzyme of gluconeogenesis, and suppress the immune system through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR).	Carbohydrates	74-86	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	138-159
30371117-13	2019	FTO and IGF2BP2 are the genetic loci associated with an increased risk of diabetes type 2, as well as being involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	130-142	FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	0-3
22457708-1	2012	GLUCOCORTICOIDS are steroid hormones that strongly influence intermediary carbohydrate metabolism by increasing the transcription rate of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), a key enzyme of gluconeogenesis, and suppress the immune system through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR).	Carbohydrates	74-86	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	161-167
30854138-9	2019	Furthermore, serum levels of GSN were significantly lower in colon cancer patients than those in healthy volunteers, and ROC curves showed serum level of GSN had a better diagnostic value for colon cancer (AUC=0.932) than the traditional tumor biomarker Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) or Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 (CA199).	Carbohydrates	288-300	gelsolin	Homo sapiens	154-157
22796946-2	2012	We examined whether nutritional factors, including energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrate intake were associated with PSA in healthy men.	Carbohydrates	77-89	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	118-121
30761272-3	2019	Expression of a specific carbohydrate ligand for the immune-regulatory C-type lectin MGL was correlated to poor disease-specific survival and distant recurrences in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC), the most common histological subtypes of cervical cancer.	Carbohydrates	25-37	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	190-193
22010962-2	2011	The reaction resulted not only in coupling of the saccharides to alpha-lactalbumin but also in cross-linked proteins.	Carbohydrates	50-61	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	65-82
30412832-3	2019	O-GlcNAcase (OGA) catalyzes the removal of O-GlcNAc from the modified proteins and several carbohydrate-based OGA inhibitors have been synthesized to understand the role of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins in physiological and pathological conditions.	Carbohydrates	91-103	O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase	Homo sapiens	0-8
22008821-2	2011	MBL selectively binds distinct chemical patterns, including carbohydrates expressed on all kinds of pathogens.	Carbohydrates	60-73	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
30413430-7	2019	The glycopeptide consists of a 22mer huMUC1 peptide with two immune dominant regions (PDTR and GSTA), glycosylated with the sialylated carbohydrate STN on serine-17.	Carbohydrates	135-147	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 2	Homo sapiens	148-151
30039763-5	2019	In fasting conditions the GKRP binds with GK and inactivate it from carbohydrate metabolism and serve as new target for treatment of diabetes mellitus.	Carbohydrates	68-80	glucokinase regulator	Homo sapiens	26-30
21816145-6	2011	The altered activities of key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism such as hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase in liver and kidney tissues of diabetic rats were significantly (P&lt;0.05) reverted to near normalcy by the administration of fisetin.	Carbohydrates	41-53	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	125-146
21860028-2	2011	DC-SIGN is a transmembrane C-type lectin receptor with a long extracellular neck region and a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD).	Carbohydrates	94-106	C-type lectin domain family 4 member D	Homo sapiens	27-49
29331942-0	2019	Sucrase-isomaltase 15Phe IBS risk variant in relation to dietary carbohydrates and faecal microbiota composition.	Carbohydrates	65-78	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	0-18
21757732-4	2011	Targeted metabolomics in knockouts have shown that OAT1 mediates the secretion or reabsorption of many important metabolites, including intermediates in carbohydrate, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	153-165	solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens	51-55
30251608-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Postprandial hyperglycemia can be reduced by inhibiting major carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes, such as alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase which is an effective approach in both preventing and treating diabetes.	Carbohydrates	74-86	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	116-133
21854210-2	2011	Recent studies demonstrate that nutrients (e.g., lipids and carbohydrates) play a major regulatory role in gene transcription of glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes in addition to hormones, including insulin and glucagon.	Carbohydrates	60-73	preproinsulin	Danio rerio	197-204
22639593-1	2011	Complex plant N-glycans containing beta1,2-xylose and core alpha1,3-fucose are regarded as the major class of the so-called "carbohydrate cross-reactive determinants" reactive with IgE antibodies in sera of many allergic patients, but their clinical relevance is still under debate.	Carbohydrates	124-137	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	59-67
30481720-7	2019	Sensitization to pollen components was dominated by nCyn d 1 (17.5%) and nPhl p 4 (12.3%), Carbohydrate cross-reactive determinants (CCD) was positive in 4 patients who were also positive to nPhl p 4, nCyn d 1 and rPla a 2, and all of them have combined asthma and rhinitis.	Carbohydrates	91-103	solute carrier family 10 member 4	Homo sapiens	196-199
21787776-3	2011	We report here that the Carbohydrate Recognition Domain (CRD) of the amoebic Gal/GalNAc lectin binds to Toll-like receptors TLR-2 and TLR-4 in human colonic cells, activating the "classic" signalling pathway of these receptors.	Carbohydrates	24-36	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	134-139
24212951-3	2011	One of the receptor-families is the C-type lectins (CLR), which bind carbohydrate structures and internalize antigens upon recognition.	Carbohydrates	69-81	doublecortin like kinase 3	Homo sapiens	36-56
30352217-4	2018	Here we report that dietary nutrients, particularly proteins and carbohydrates, modulate the developmental timing through the CDK8/CycC/EcR pathway.	Carbohydrates	65-78	Cyclin-dependent kinase 8	Drosophila melanogaster	126-130
21747052-10	2011	CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with the IRS1 rs2943641 CC genotype might obtain more benefits in weight loss and improvement of insulin resistance than those without this genotype by choosing a high-carbohydrate and low-fat diet.	Carbohydrates	193-205	insulin receptor substrate 1	Homo sapiens	34-38
30471763-6	2018	Inhibition of glycosylation by specific inhibitors showed that on carbohydrate side groups bearing beta-1,6-branched, polylactosamine-type sugars, fucosylations are the major glycosylation type in N-glycosylation of CD147 (Ni et al., 2014; Riethdorf et al., 2006; Tang et al., 2004).	Carbohydrates	66-78	basigin (Ok blood group)	Homo sapiens	216-221
21567084-2	2011	NCAM can be decorated by the carbohydrate polymer polysialic acid (polySia), which attenuates NCAM-mediated cell adhesion and increases cellular motility.	Carbohydrates	29-41	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
21567084-2	2011	NCAM can be decorated by the carbohydrate polymer polysialic acid (polySia), which attenuates NCAM-mediated cell adhesion and increases cellular motility.	Carbohydrates	29-41	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	94-98
22096315-2	2011	One of the effective managements of diabetes mellitus, in particular, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) to decrease postprandial hyperglycemia, is to retard the absorption of glucose by inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes, such as alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase, in the digestive organs.	Carbohydrates	214-226	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	256-273
22096315-3	2011	alpha-Glucosidase is the key enzyme catalyzing the final step in the digestive process of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	90-103	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	0-17
22096315-4	2011	Hence, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors can retard the liberation of d-glucose from dietary complex carbohydrates and delay glucose absorption, resulting in reduced postprandial plasma glucose levels and suppression of postprandial hyperglycemia.	Carbohydrates	96-109	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	7-24
21928695-4	2011	Thus, the beta3Gn-T5 deficient mutant mice proved more responsive than wild-type mice to not only protein antigens, but also to carbohydrates in glycolipids.	Carbohydrates	128-141	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 5	Mus musculus	10-20
30096627-1	2018	Treatment of type 2 diabetes is achieved through the inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes such as alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase.	Carbohydrates	67-79	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	108-125
21401320-5	2011	In this review, we will focus on recent findings regarding the molecular mechanism by which IRS2 and PTP1B elicit opposite effects on carbohydrate metabolism in the liver in response to insulin.	Carbohydrates	134-146	insulin receptor substrate 2	Homo sapiens	92-96
30396559-11	2018	RESULTS: AMH concentrations were positively associated with percentage of energy from carbohydrates (beta per 5% calories = 0.141 [95% CI 0.023, 0.259]; P trend = .019), and inversely associated with percentage of energy from fat (beta per 5% calories = -0.152 [95% CI -0.299, -0.004]; P trend = .044).	Carbohydrates	86-99	anti-Mullerian hormone	Homo sapiens	9-12
21700223-2	2011	In this study, we provide in vitro evidence that a complex of the yeast protein disulfide isomerase Pdi1p and the mannosidase Htm1p processes Man(8)GlcNAc(2) carbohydrates bound to unfolded proteins, yielding Man(7)GlcNAc(2).	Carbohydrates	158-171	alpha-1,2-mannosidase MNL1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	126-131
20858220-9	2010	Gal-8 fragments containing either the N- or C-terminal carbohydrate-recognition domains showed that activation is exerted through the N-terminus.	Carbohydrates	55-67	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	0-5
30321240-6	2018	In addition, seven genes conferred increased hGIIA resistance, which included two genes, gacH and gacI that are located within the Group A Carbohydrate (GAC) gene cluster.	Carbohydrates	139-151	glucosidase II alpha subunit	Homo sapiens	45-50
20937368-8	2010	Overrepresented transcription factor binding site analysis showed that the following nuclear receptors that are important in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism were overrepresented: the androgen receptor (AR), nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 1 (NR2F1), hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha (HNF4alpha), and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor alpha 1 (RORalpha1).	Carbohydrates	135-147	nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group F, member 1	Mus musculus	209-254
20937368-8	2010	Overrepresented transcription factor binding site analysis showed that the following nuclear receptors that are important in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism were overrepresented: the androgen receptor (AR), nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 1 (NR2F1), hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha (HNF4alpha), and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor alpha 1 (RORalpha1).	Carbohydrates	135-147	nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group F, member 1	Mus musculus	256-261
20937803-10	2010	Under dry conditions, consumption of carbohydrate was much higher in Desi RNAi larvae than control larvae.	Carbohydrates	37-49	Desiccate	Drosophila melanogaster	69-73
21411764-11	2011	It is clear that PDK2 activity is essential, even at rest, in regulation of carbohydrate oxidation and production of reducing equivalents for the electron transport chain.	Carbohydrates	76-88	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isoenzyme 2	Mus musculus	17-21
30241328-0	2018	Glycaemic Index of Maternal Dietary Carbohydrate Differentially Alters Fto and Lep Expression in Offspring in C57BL/6 Mice.	Carbohydrates	36-48	fat mass and obesity associated	Mus musculus	71-74
21501631-2	2011	Here, we evaluated the combination of tenofovir with various members of the class of carbohydrate-binding agents (CBAs) targeting the glycans on the viral envelope gp120 for their anti-HIV efficacy.	Carbohydrates	85-97	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	164-169
21603779-0	2011	A high-carbohydrate diet enhances the adverse effect of the S2 allele of APOC3 SstI polymorphism on the TG/HDL-C ratio only in young Chinese females.	Carbohydrates	7-19	apolipoprotein C3	Homo sapiens	73-78
21603779-2	2011	We hypothesized that a high-carbohydrate (high-CHO) diet may affect the ratios of serum lipids and apolipoproteins (apo) differently in subjects with different genotypes of the SstI polymorphism in the apoCIII gene (APOC3).	Carbohydrates	28-40	apolipoprotein C3	Homo sapiens	202-209
21603779-2	2011	We hypothesized that a high-carbohydrate (high-CHO) diet may affect the ratios of serum lipids and apolipoproteins (apo) differently in subjects with different genotypes of the SstI polymorphism in the apoCIII gene (APOC3).	Carbohydrates	28-40	apolipoprotein C3	Homo sapiens	216-221
20419457-1	2010	BACKGROUND: The involvement of carbohydrates in triggering insulin resistance (IR) remains a source of controversy.	Carbohydrates	31-44	insulin	Serinus canaria	59-66
30241328-0	2018	Glycaemic Index of Maternal Dietary Carbohydrate Differentially Alters Fto and Lep Expression in Offspring in C57BL/6 Mice.	Carbohydrates	36-48	leptin	Mus musculus	79-82
30241328-3	2018	We hypothesized that expression of Fto, Lep, and other appetite-related genes (Argp, Npy, Pomc, Cart, Lepr) in the offspring of female mice are influenced by the glycaemic index (GI) of carbohydrates in the maternal diet.	Carbohydrates	186-199	fat mass and obesity associated	Mus musculus	35-38
20618520-1	2010	Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a key molecule of the innate immune system and a competent to bind carbohydrates of a variety of microorganisms, resulting in complement activation and opsonophagocytosis against various pathogens.	Carbohydrates	99-112	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-22
30282319-1	2018	alpha-Glucosidase plays an important role in carbohydrate metabolism and is therefore an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetes, obesity and other related complications.	Carbohydrates	45-57	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	0-17
20618520-1	2010	Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a key molecule of the innate immune system and a competent to bind carbohydrates of a variety of microorganisms, resulting in complement activation and opsonophagocytosis against various pathogens.	Carbohydrates	99-112	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	24-27
20354738-2	2010	Its metal-independent nature, molecular weight of 14.5 kDa, preferential affinity for beta-D-lactose, and 87-92% identity with carbohydrate recognition domain of previously reported galectin-1 confirmed its inclusion in galectin-1 subfamily.	Carbohydrates	127-139	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	182-192
20354738-2	2010	Its metal-independent nature, molecular weight of 14.5 kDa, preferential affinity for beta-D-lactose, and 87-92% identity with carbohydrate recognition domain of previously reported galectin-1 confirmed its inclusion in galectin-1 subfamily.	Carbohydrates	127-139	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	220-230
21972555-4	2011	On the other hand, the several papers suggested that trimeric gp120s are protected from immune system by occlusion on the oligomer, by mutational variation, by carbohydrate masking and by conformational masking.	Carbohydrates	160-172	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	62-67
21392986-3	2011	It has been found that maintaining at least one basic functional group around the C-4 position in the carbohydrate moiety is crucial for cytotoxicity.	Carbohydrates	102-114	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	82-85
29651749-12	2018	MCT supplement with a low-carbohydrate formula can supply the energy and/or substrates for ASS1 and GS, and enhance ammonia detoxification in hepatocytes.	Carbohydrates	26-38	argininosuccinate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	91-95
29920086-8	2018	Our data demonstrate that cysteine-to-serine galectin-1 mutants retain the carbohydrate-binding properties and pro-apoptotic activity of wild-type Gal-1.	Carbohydrates	75-87	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	45-55
21126213-0	2011	Targeting enteral endocrinal L-cells with dietary carbohydrates, by increasing the availability of miglitol in the intestinal lumen, leads to multi-fold enhancement of plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 levels in non-diabetic canines.	Carbohydrates	50-63	glucagon	Canis lupus familiaris	175-198
21283109-3	2011	In contrast, much less is known about the mechanism(s) for anti-carbohydrate responses to glycolipids, although it is generally considered that the CD1 family of cell surface proteins presents glycolipids to T cells or natural killer T (NKT) cells.	Carbohydrates	64-76	CD1 antigen complex	Mus musculus	148-151
20880010-5	2010	As revealed by treatments with carbohydrate-digesting enzymes, both GC-A and GC-B are hyperglycosylated at N-linked glycosylation sites in the developing brain.	Carbohydrates	31-43	natriuretic peptide receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	77-81
29859376-6	2018	In our previous work, as opposed to using predefined motifs, we developed the Multiple Carbohydrate Alignment with Weights (MCAW) tool to visualize the state of the glycans being recognized by the GBP under analysis.	Carbohydrates	87-99	transmembrane protein 132A	Homo sapiens	197-200
21805863-1	2010	The paper presents new information about the carbohydrate structures of 39-days chicken"s fibronectin.	Carbohydrates	45-57	fibronectin 1	Gallus gallus	90-101
21303672-5	2011	Both ghrelin and NPY increased RQ, indicating enhanced utilization of carbohydrates and the preservation of fat stores.	Carbohydrates	70-83	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	17-20
21303672-9	2011	In conclusion, PVN NPY and ghrelin stimulate eating and promote carbohydrate oxidation while inhibiting fat utilization.	Carbohydrates	64-76	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	19-22
29735526-3	2018	Here we conducted a natural history study and chemical-modifier screen on the Drosophila melanogaster NGLY1 homolog, Pngl We generated a new fly model of NGLY1 Deficiency, engineered with a nonsense mutation in Pngl at codon 420 that results in a truncation of the C-terminal carbohydrate-binding PAW domain.	Carbohydrates	276-288	N-glycanase 1	Homo sapiens	102-107
29327320-4	2018	These isolate extracts exhibit the highest reducing activities against carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes including alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, beta-glucosidase, beta-glucuronidase, and tyrosinase.	Carbohydrates	71-83	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	130-147
21533120-6	2011	Many genes involved in lipid, carbohydrate, xenobiotic and cholesterol metabolism, as well as inflammation and immunity, were regulated by both PPARgamma and PPARalpha/gamma agonists in at least a number of human hepatocyte populations and/or HepaRG cells.	Carbohydrates	30-42	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	158-167
20720008-1	2010	Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) plays a central role in transcriptional regulation of genes for hepatic lipid synthesis that utilizes diet-derived nutrients such as carbohydrates and amino acids, and expression of SREBP-1 exhibits daily rhythms with a peak in the nocturnal feeding period under standard housing conditions of mice.	Carbohydrates	187-200	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	0-43
20720008-1	2010	Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) plays a central role in transcriptional regulation of genes for hepatic lipid synthesis that utilizes diet-derived nutrients such as carbohydrates and amino acids, and expression of SREBP-1 exhibits daily rhythms with a peak in the nocturnal feeding period under standard housing conditions of mice.	Carbohydrates	187-200	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	45-52
21370820-1	2011	Carbohydrate digestion by alpha-glucosidase and subsequent glucose uptake at the brush border are critical for postprandial blood glucose control.	Carbohydrates	0-12	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	26-43
29791661-1	2018	OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of carbohydrate counting (CHOC) in the treatment of adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1).	Carbohydrates	72-84	immunoglobulin heavy diversity 1-7	Homo sapiens	167-170
21259436-2	2011	Subsequent deprotection of the carbohydrate moieties yielded well-defined, sugar-modified polymers (PDI &lt; 1.2).	Carbohydrates	31-43	peptidyl arginine deiminase 1	Homo sapiens	100-103
21437105-2	2010	Greater reductions in leptin have been reported in participants who followed low-carbohydrate versus low-fat diets, although these studies did not adjust for the important effects of weight loss on adipokines.	Carbohydrates	81-93	leptin	Homo sapiens	22-28
19864123-8	2010	These findings provide new information about the specificity of carbohydrate-protein interaction between CGN and TLR4 and may help to devise treatments that modify the immune reactivity induced by carbohydrate antigens.	Carbohydrates	64-76	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	113-117
19864123-8	2010	These findings provide new information about the specificity of carbohydrate-protein interaction between CGN and TLR4 and may help to devise treatments that modify the immune reactivity induced by carbohydrate antigens.	Carbohydrates	197-209	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	113-117
21248038-1	2011	The broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibody 2G12 binds to a carbohydrate-dependent epitope involving three major potential N-linked glycosylation sites (PNGS) of gp120 (N295, N332, and N392).	Carbohydrates	67-79	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	169-174
28074632-5	2018	Functional enrichment analysis showed that the upregulated genes contained multiple detoxification genes including a glutathione S-transferase and multiple cytochrome P450 genes, as well as several immune-related genes, while the downregulated genes consisted primarily of proteases and carbohydrate metabolism and transport.	Carbohydrates	287-299	glutathione S-transferase	Culex quinquefasciatus	117-142
21437243-1	2011	Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) is a hormone-like protein that regulates carbohydrate, lipid and bile acid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	77-89	fibroblast growth factor 15	Mus musculus	0-27
21437243-1	2011	Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) is a hormone-like protein that regulates carbohydrate, lipid and bile acid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	77-89	fibroblast growth factor 15	Mus musculus	29-34
29350564-3	2018	6- O-sulfation of N-acetylglucosamine in the carbohydrate moiety of PNAd is catalyzed exclusively by N-acetylglucosamine-6- O-sulfotransferase 1 (GlcNAc6ST-1) and GlcNAc6ST-2.	Carbohydrates	45-57	carbohydrate sulfotransferase 4	Mus musculus	163-174
21368719-5	2011	These results provide the first evidence for the effect of cyanidin-3-rutinoside in a retarded absorption of carbohydrates by inhibition of pancreatic alpha-amylase which may be useful as a potential inhibitor for prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus.	Carbohydrates	109-122	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	140-164
20600324-0	2010	IgG2 dominancy and carbohydrate recognition specificity of C3H/He mouse antibodies directed to cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs) bearing beta-(1,2)-xylose and alpha-(1,3)-fucose.	Carbohydrates	110-122	hemoglobin, beta adult major chain	Mus musculus	151-160
20716374-2	2010	The carbohydrate counting method can be recommended as an additional tool in the nutritional treatment of diabetes, allowing patients with DM1 to have more flexible food choices.	Carbohydrates	4-16	immunoglobulin heavy diversity 1-7	Homo sapiens	139-142
20716374-3	2010	This study aimed to evaluate the influence of nutrition intervention and the use of multiple short-acting insulin according to the carbohydrate counting method on clinical and metabolic control in patients with DM1.	Carbohydrates	131-143	immunoglobulin heavy diversity 1-7	Homo sapiens	211-214
20716374-10	2010	CONCLUSIONS: The use of short-acting insulin based on the carbohydrate counting method after a short period of time resulted in a significant improvement of the glycemic control in patients with DM1 with no changes in body weight despite increases in the total daily insulin doses.	Carbohydrates	58-70	immunoglobulin heavy diversity 1-7	Homo sapiens	195-198
29861440-2	2018	O-GlcNAc modification influences many cellular mechanisms, including carbohydrate metabolism, signal transduction and protein degradation.	Carbohydrates	69-81	O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase	Homo sapiens	0-8
20186863-2	2010	The potential energy surfaces of these saccharides with reduced flexibility were examined with the density functional theory and the MP2 and CCSD(T) wavefunctions methods.	Carbohydrates	39-50	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	133-136
20563614-2	2011	We recently demonstrated that O-GlcNAc, a novel cytosolic and nuclear carbohydrate post-translational modification, is enriched at neuronal synapses and positively regulates synaptic plasticity linked to learning and memory in mice.	Carbohydrates	70-82	O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase	Homo sapiens	30-38
21296580-4	2011	In particular the structure of the linker moiety between the carbohydrate and the intercalator, the stereochemistry at the anomeric position, and the substituents and stereochemistry at C-4 in one of the carbohydrate residues (4-amino-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-alpha-L-threo-hexopyranose) are investigated.	Carbohydrates	204-216	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	186-189
21296580-5	2011	All these structural features were identified to have a clear influence on DNA binding; however, only the substituents at C-4 in the carbohydrate residue exhibited an obvious impact on cytotoxicity.	Carbohydrates	133-145	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	122-125
29771909-0	2018	Receptors of intermediates of carbohydrate metabolism, GPR91 and GPR99, mediate axon growth.	Carbohydrates	30-42	oxoglutarate receptor 1	Homo sapiens	65-70
21107520-9	2011	Incubation of isolated islets from carbohydrate-restricted NZO mice or MIN6 cells with palmitate and glucose for 48 h resulted in a dephosphorylation of FOXO1 and thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 (AKT) without changing the protein levels of both proteins.	Carbohydrates	35-47	forkhead box O1	Mus musculus	153-158
20534694-5	2010	We further demonstrate that expression of carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP or Mlxipl), an important transcriptional regulator of carbohydrate metabolism, is significantly affected in compound Foxa1/a2 mutant beta-cells.	Carbohydrates	42-54	forkhead box A1	Homo sapiens	213-218
20595461-6	2010	During fruit development, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 2 and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase displayed contrasting expression patterns between early development and ripening, suggesting a switch of carbohydrate metabolism after the turning stage.	Carbohydrates	203-215	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase	Solanum lycopersicum	64-97
29771909-3	2018	Here, we report that the carbohydrate metabolites succinate and alpha-ketoglutarate (alpha-KG) and their respective receptor-GPR91 and GPR99-are involved in modulating retinal ganglion cell (RGC) projections toward the thalamus during visual system development.	Carbohydrates	25-37	oxoglutarate receptor 1	Homo sapiens	135-140
29751795-1	2018	BACKGROUND: Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1 (GOT1) regulates cellular metabolism through coordinating the utilization of carbohydrates and amino acids to meet nutrient requirements.	Carbohydrates	127-140	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1	Homo sapiens	12-49
20527995-2	2010	It may also be considered as a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism because of the formation of polyglucosan inclusion bodies in neural and other tissues due to abnormalities of the proteins laforin or malin.	Carbohydrates	43-55	EPM2A glucan phosphatase, laforin	Homo sapiens	190-197
20527995-2	2010	It may also be considered as a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism because of the formation of polyglucosan inclusion bodies in neural and other tissues due to abnormalities of the proteins laforin or malin.	Carbohydrates	43-55	NHL repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1	Homo sapiens	201-206
20947298-8	2011	In physiologic states, exogenous leptin has been shown to decrease carbohydrate absorption and to increase the absorption of small peptides by the PepT1 di-/tripeptide transporter.	Carbohydrates	67-79	leptin	Homo sapiens	33-39
20947298-9	2011	In certain pathologic states, leptin has been shown to increase absorption of carbohydrates, proteins, and fat.	Carbohydrates	78-91	leptin	Homo sapiens	30-36
21035429-1	2011	MBL structurally contains a type II-like collagenous domain and a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD).	Carbohydrates	66-78	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
29751795-1	2018	BACKGROUND: Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1 (GOT1) regulates cellular metabolism through coordinating the utilization of carbohydrates and amino acids to meet nutrient requirements.	Carbohydrates	127-140	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1	Homo sapiens	51-55
20338882-5	2010	Expression profiling and pathway analysis indicated that ROR alpha influenced genes involved in: (i) lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, cardiovascular and metabolic disease; (ii) LXR nuclear receptor signaling and (iii) Akt and AMPK signaling.	Carbohydrates	111-123	RAR-related orphan receptor alpha	Mus musculus	57-66
29723221-1	2018	Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein-1 (SREBP-1) is a conserved transcription factor of the basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper family (bHLH-Zip) that plays a central role in regulating expression of genes of carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism in the liver.	Carbohydrates	216-228	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	0-43
20605856-3	2010	The frequency of HTE is positively regulated by carbohydrate nutrients and appears to be subject to constitutive inhibition by the fungal mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade of MAPK ESSENTIAL FOR APPRESSORIUM FORMATION1.	Carbohydrates	48-60	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	138-170
21282201-4	2011	The high-carbohydrate diet decreased the activity of the lipoprotein lipase, utilization of fatty acids, expression of the gene of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and its target enzymes.	Carbohydrates	9-21	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	131-179
29723221-1	2018	Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein-1 (SREBP-1) is a conserved transcription factor of the basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper family (bHLH-Zip) that plays a central role in regulating expression of genes of carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism in the liver.	Carbohydrates	216-228	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	45-52
21283519-5	2011	Consistent with improved insulin sensitivity, indirect calorimetry revealed AOiGHD mice preferentially utilized carbohydrates for energy metabolism, as compared to GH-intact controls.	Carbohydrates	112-125	growth hormone	Mus musculus	79-81
29630881-4	2018	Nontargeted metabolomics showed carbohydrates and lipids were characteristic categories in ethanol diet-fed mice with or without AR inhibitor treatment, whereas AR inhibitor mainly affected carbohydrates and peptides.	Carbohydrates	32-45	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B3 (aldose reductase)	Mus musculus	129-131
21646779-0	2011	Elevated levels of triglyceride and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein triglyceride induced by a high-carbohydrate diet is associated with polymorphisms of APOA5-1131T&gt;C and APOC3-482C&gt;T in Chinese healthy young adults.	Carbohydrates	97-109	apolipoprotein C3	Homo sapiens	172-177
20950272-1	2011	PEPC [PEP (phosphoenolpyruvate) carboxylase] is a tightly controlled anaplerotic enzyme situated at a pivotal branch point of plant carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	132-144	peptidase C	Homo sapiens	0-4
20307522-5	2010	RESULTS: In patients with benign tumours the concentration and carbohydrate content of IGFBP-3 was unaltered compared to healthy women.	Carbohydrates	63-75	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	87-94
20138234-0	2010	Ghrelin affects carbohydrate-glycogen metabolism via insulin inhibition and glucagon stimulation in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain.	Carbohydrates	16-28	ghrelin/obestatin prepropeptide	Danio rerio	0-7
29630881-4	2018	Nontargeted metabolomics showed carbohydrates and lipids were characteristic categories in ethanol diet-fed mice with or without AR inhibitor treatment, whereas AR inhibitor mainly affected carbohydrates and peptides.	Carbohydrates	190-203	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B3 (aldose reductase)	Mus musculus	161-163
21963509-8	2011	The carbohydrate-binding property of the recombinant DC2.3a/LEC-12a was essentially similar to that of LEC-6.	Carbohydrates	4-16	Galectin;Galectin domain-containing protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	60-66
29473893-0	2018	Restoration of Muscle Glycogen and Functional Capacity: Role of Post-Exercise Carbohydrate and Protein Co-Ingestion.	Carbohydrates	78-90	solute carrier family 35 member G1	Homo sapiens	64-68
20382893-2	2010	Carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) and its binding partner, Mlx, mediate glucose-regulated gene expression by binding to carbohydrate response elements on target genes, such as the prototypical glucose-responsive gene, liver-type pyruvate kinase (Pklr).	Carbohydrates	141-153	MAX dimerization protein MLX	Homo sapiens	80-83
20067961-2	2010	Saturated fat and carbohydrates, components of the HFHC meal, known to induce oxidative stress and inflammation, also induce an increase in LPS, TLR-4, and SOCS3.	Carbohydrates	18-31	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	145-150
29578422-0	2018	[EFFECT OF VIOLATIONS OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM ON THE LEVELS OF BIOMARKERS OF INFLAMMATION OF P-SELECTIN AND GALECTIN-3 IN PATIENTS WITH STABLE ANGINA].	Carbohydrates	25-37	selectin P	Homo sapiens	96-106
21494018-5	2011	The activity of galectin-1 required the integrity of the carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	57-69	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	16-26
20345905-10	2010	Thus, we present a novel model concerning the biological function of hLF: hLF induces moderate activation of TLR4-mediated innate immunity through its carbohydrate chains; however, hLF suppresses endotoxemia by interfering with lipopolysaccharide-dependent TLR4 activation, probably through its polypeptide moiety.	Carbohydrates	151-163	HLF transcription factor, PAR bZIP family member	Homo sapiens	74-77
29578422-1	2018	The aim of the study was to study the effect of carbohydrate metabolism disturbances and other factors on the level of new biomarkers of P-selectin and Galectin-3 inflammation in patients with stable angina.	Carbohydrates	48-60	selectin P	Homo sapiens	137-147
29578422-6	2018	P-selectin is linked at the level of glycosylated hemoglobin (correlation coefficient = 0.256, p=0.043) and disorders of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	121-133	selectin P	Homo sapiens	0-10
29324290-2	2018	As MBL binds to carbohydrates, we hypothesized that N-linked glycans on the RRV envelope glycoproteins act as ligands for MBL.	Carbohydrates	16-29	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	3-6
20382864-2	2010	RegIII proteins bind their bacterial targets via interactions with cell wall peptidoglycan but lack the canonical sequences that support calcium-dependent carbohydrate binding in other C-type lectins.	Carbohydrates	155-167	regenerating family member 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	0-6
20382864-6	2010	Further, we show HIP/PAP binding affinity for carbohydrate ligands depends on carbohydrate chain length, supporting a binding model in which HIP/PAP molecules "bind and jump" along the extended polysaccharide chains of peptidoglycan, reducing dissociation rates and increasing binding affinity.	Carbohydrates	46-58	regenerating family member 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	17-24
20382864-6	2010	Further, we show HIP/PAP binding affinity for carbohydrate ligands depends on carbohydrate chain length, supporting a binding model in which HIP/PAP molecules "bind and jump" along the extended polysaccharide chains of peptidoglycan, reducing dissociation rates and increasing binding affinity.	Carbohydrates	46-58	regenerating family member 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	141-148
20382864-6	2010	Further, we show HIP/PAP binding affinity for carbohydrate ligands depends on carbohydrate chain length, supporting a binding model in which HIP/PAP molecules "bind and jump" along the extended polysaccharide chains of peptidoglycan, reducing dissociation rates and increasing binding affinity.	Carbohydrates	78-90	regenerating family member 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	17-24
20382864-6	2010	Further, we show HIP/PAP binding affinity for carbohydrate ligands depends on carbohydrate chain length, supporting a binding model in which HIP/PAP molecules "bind and jump" along the extended polysaccharide chains of peptidoglycan, reducing dissociation rates and increasing binding affinity.	Carbohydrates	78-90	regenerating family member 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	141-148
20382864-7	2010	We propose that dynamic recognition of highly clustered carbohydrate epitopes in native peptidoglycan is an essential mechanism governing high-affinity interactions between HIP/PAP and the bacterial cell wall.	Carbohydrates	56-68	regenerating family member 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	173-180
20864568-2	2011	Prototype galectins, such as galectin-1, are one carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) monomers that noncovalently dimerize, whereas tandem-repeat galectins, such as galectin-9, have two non-identical CRDs connected by a linker domain.	Carbohydrates	49-61	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	29-39
21146220-3	2011	Gal-9 contains two carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD) in the N- and C-terminal regions (Gal-9-N and Gal-9-C).	Carbohydrates	19-31	galectin 9C	Homo sapiens	104-111
21887293-7	2011	In liver, absence of either NPC1 or NPC2 resulted in similar alterations in the carbohydrate processing of the lysosomal protease, tripeptidyl peptidase I.	Carbohydrates	80-92	tripeptidyl peptidase I	Mus musculus	131-154
29324290-2	2018	As MBL binds to carbohydrates, we hypothesized that N-linked glycans on the RRV envelope glycoproteins act as ligands for MBL.	Carbohydrates	16-29	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	122-125
29364149-7	2018	Functions annotation of RFI-related genes indicated that genes in Beijing-You were enriched in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) signaling pathway.	Carbohydrates	105-117	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Gallus gallus	177-181
21209905-5	2010	Diminishing the GBR expression on these cells by targeted RNA interference abbreviates life span, decreases metabolic stress resistance and alters carbohydrate and lipid metabolism at stress, but not growth in Drosophila.	Carbohydrates	147-159	metabotropic GABA-B receptor subtype 2	Drosophila melanogaster	16-19
20926386-7	2010	However, knockdown of either Ogt(sxc) or Oga in the IPCs increased the hemolymph carbohydrate concentration.	Carbohydrates	81-93	super sex combs	Drosophila melanogaster	29-32
20376806-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of 54G/C polymorphism of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c gene (SREBP-1c) on serum lipid ratios and their response to high-carbohydrate/low-fat (HC/LF) diet in healthy youth.	Carbohydrates	173-185	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	114-122
20187284-0	2010	Increased p70s6k phosphorylation during intake of a protein-carbohydrate drink following resistance exercise in the fasted state.	Carbohydrates	60-72	ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1	Homo sapiens	10-16
19903819-10	2010	These findings uncover a novel relationship between GPI, involved in carbohydrate metabolism, and PAP1, a lipogenic enzyme.	Carbohydrates	69-81	lipin 1	Homo sapiens	98-102
29298668-9	2018	CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that CBL exhibited antifungal properties and inhibited insect cell growth, which is directly correlated to the lectin-carbohydrate interaction.	Carbohydrates	150-162	Cbl proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	37-40
20962157-0	2010	Increased hepatic fat in overweight Hispanic youth influenced by interaction between genetic variation in PNPLA3 and high dietary carbohydrate and sugar consumption.	Carbohydrates	130-142	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	106-112
20962157-2	2010	Animal models have also shown that PNPLA3 expression can be regulated by dietary carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	81-93	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	35-41
21314615-1	2010	A buffalo heart galectin-1 purified by gel filtration chromatography revealed the presence of 3.55% carbohydrate content, thus it is the first mammalian heart galectin found to be glycosylated in nature and emphasizes the need to perform deglycosylation studies.	Carbohydrates	100-112	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	16-26
29516989-10	2018	The serum miR-21 expression levels were defective in discriminating patients with CCA from healthy control subjects by receiver-operator curve analysis because the area under the curve (AUC) value was 0.871 which was not better than the conventional CCA markers-carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (AUC value = 0.96).	Carbohydrates	262-274	microRNA 21	Homo sapiens	10-16
20961097-0	2010	Rh(II) carbene-promoted activation of the anomeric C-H bond of carbohydrates: a stereospecific entry toward alpha- and beta-ketopyranosides.	Carbohydrates	63-76	Rh blood group D antigen	Homo sapiens	0-6
19819223-3	2009	A crosslinked product was obtained only when galectin-1 with an introduced cysteine interacted with these glycoproteins via their carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	130-142	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	45-55
29170665-8	2017	Our results show that the beta-glucan fungal cell wall carbohydrate stimulated B-lymphocytes to secrete IL-1beta in a process partially mediated by Dectin-1 activation via SYK and the transcription factors NF-kappaB and AP-1.	Carbohydrates	55-67	C-type lectin domain containing 7A	Homo sapiens	148-156
20006954-3	2009	The three-dimensional structure of galectin-1 has been solved by x-ray crystallography in the free form and in complex with various carbohydrate ligands.	Carbohydrates	132-144	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	35-45
20852065-3	2010	However, host-produced (self)-carbohydrate motifs have been unsuccessful so far at eliciting 2G12-like antibodies that cross-react with gp120.	Carbohydrates	30-42	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	136-141
21761370-9	2010	The results suggest that a low-fat/high-fiber or carbohydrate diet is not associated with endogenous levels of sex steroid hormones, but it may modestly increase IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels among premenopausal women.	Carbohydrates	49-61	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	172-179
28986753-14	2017	Moreover, the two gal-1-targeted peptides prevent cancer cell adhesion by interacting with the carbohydrate-recognition domain of gal-1.	Carbohydrates	95-107	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	18-23
20153003-2	2010	Miglitol treatment may lead to increased alpha-glucosidase activities toward the ileum because carbohydrate flow toward the ileum increases.	Carbohydrates	95-107	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	41-58
20016837-3	2009	Several of these genes control the metabolism of simple carbohydrates and are direct targets for the SREBP1, a metabolic transcription factor also differentially expressed between our study populations.	Carbohydrates	56-69	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	101-107
20153003-7	2010	These results suggest that the delay in carbohydrate digestion and absorption along the jejunal-ileal axis by miglitol supplementation in rats is associated with increased alpha-glucosidase activities toward the ileum.	Carbohydrates	40-52	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	172-189
28986753-14	2017	Moreover, the two gal-1-targeted peptides prevent cancer cell adhesion by interacting with the carbohydrate-recognition domain of gal-1.	Carbohydrates	95-107	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	130-135
28732858-4	2017	STP-1 contained 32.7% of total carbohydrate, 1.86% of protein, and 15.2% of sulfates.	Carbohydrates	31-43	transition protein 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
20385036-0	2010	Expression of Na+/glucose co-transporter 1 (SGLT1) in the intestine of piglets weaned to different concentrations of dietary carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	125-137	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Sus scrofa	14-42
20385036-0	2010	Expression of Na+/glucose co-transporter 1 (SGLT1) in the intestine of piglets weaned to different concentrations of dietary carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	125-137	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Sus scrofa	44-49
19955366-6	2009	Together, these results indicate that the structure of the rhodopsin N terminus must be maintained by an appropriate amino acid sequence surrounding N2 and may require a carbohydrate moiety at N15.	Carbohydrates	170-182	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	59-68
19833325-2	2009	Carbocyclic pyranose mimetics (saturated or unsaturated between C-5 and C-5a) are linked by ether, thioether or amine bridges to carbohydrates or other carbasugars.	Carbohydrates	129-142	complement C5	Homo sapiens	64-67
28739801-7	2017	Moreover, elevated O-GlcNAc levels promoted weight loss and lowered respiration in mice and skewed the mice toward carbohydrate-dependent metabolism as determined by indirect calorimetry.	Carbohydrates	115-127	O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase	Homo sapiens	19-27
19605790-4	2009	In the present study, we cloned equatorin and, using mass spectrometry and carbohydrate staining, found it to be a highly glycosylated protein.	Carbohydrates	75-87	equatorin, sperm acrosome associated	Mus musculus	32-41
20709295-7	2010	Our studies show that MBL recognizes terminal mannose-containing carbohydrates on flaviviruses, resulting in neutralization and efficient clearance in vivo.	Carbohydrates	65-78	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	22-25
28666874-6	2017	Additionally, these results are similar to the values of scytovirin and HIV gp120 carbohydrate complexation (-32.20 kcal/mol).	Carbohydrates	82-94	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	76-81
20605117-4	2010	Leptin is involved in diverse physiological processes such as energy balance, appetite and body weight control, fat and carbohydrate metabolism, and reproduction.	Carbohydrates	120-132	leptin	Homo sapiens	0-6
20721621-0	2010	Mutational analysis of the carbohydrate binding activity of the tobacco lectin.	Carbohydrates	27-39	F-box protein PP2-B11-like	Nicotiana tabacum	72-78
20721621-1	2010	At present the three-dimensional structure of the tobacco lectin, further referred to as Nictaba, and its carbohydrate-binding site are unresolved.	Carbohydrates	106-118	F-box protein PP2-B11-like	Nicotiana tabacum	58-64
19849830-5	2009	CO/CH4 and NH3/NH4+ in fluids distilled out of layer silicates and zeolites in the subducting plate at an early stage of subduction will react upon heating and form HCN, which is then available for further organic reactions to, for instance, carbohydrates, nucleosides or even nucleotides, under alkaline conditions in hydrated mantle rocks of the overriding plate.	Carbohydrates	242-255	metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1	Homo sapiens	165-168
28666874-7	2017	Furthermore, we found that SD1 individually has more affinity to the carbohydrate and the Asn9, Glu10, Asn18, Arg30 and Arg43 demonstrated an important role in this matter.	Carbohydrates	69-81	CUP2Q35	Homo sapiens	27-30
19775369-1	2009	The mannose-binding lectin (MBL) pathway of complement system is activated when carbohydrate-bound MBL forms complexes with different serine proteases (MASP-1, MASP-2 and MASP-3), among which MASP-2 has a predominant functional role.	Carbohydrates	80-92	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	28-31
19775369-1	2009	The mannose-binding lectin (MBL) pathway of complement system is activated when carbohydrate-bound MBL forms complexes with different serine proteases (MASP-1, MASP-2 and MASP-3), among which MASP-2 has a predominant functional role.	Carbohydrates	80-92	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	99-102
19775369-1	2009	The mannose-binding lectin (MBL) pathway of complement system is activated when carbohydrate-bound MBL forms complexes with different serine proteases (MASP-1, MASP-2 and MASP-3), among which MASP-2 has a predominant functional role.	Carbohydrates	80-92	MBL associated serine protease 1	Homo sapiens	152-158
19775369-1	2009	The mannose-binding lectin (MBL) pathway of complement system is activated when carbohydrate-bound MBL forms complexes with different serine proteases (MASP-1, MASP-2 and MASP-3), among which MASP-2 has a predominant functional role.	Carbohydrates	80-92	MBL associated serine protease 1	Homo sapiens	171-177
19759915-5	2009	Our results show that derived alleles in NPY1R and NPY5R are associated with lower carbohydrate intake, mainly because of a lower consumption of mono- and disaccharides.	Carbohydrates	83-95	neuropeptide Y receptor Y1	Homo sapiens	41-46
19571229-4	2009	Knockout mice that lack gustducin or the sweet taste receptor subunit T1r3 have deficiencies in secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and in the regulation of plasma concentrations of insulin and glucose in response to orally ingested carbohydrate-ie, their incretin effect is dysfunctional.	Carbohydrates	279-291	taste receptor, type 1, member 3	Mus musculus	70-74
19751410-3	2009	(1) XBP1 protein expression is induced in the liver by a high carbohydrate diet and directly controls the induction of critical genes involved in fatty acid synthesis.	Carbohydrates	62-74	X-box binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	4-8
19468685-4	2009	The IRE1/XBP1 branch of the UPR is activated by high dietary carbohydrates and controls the expression of genes involved in fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis.	Carbohydrates	61-74	X-box binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	9-13
19563529-1	2009	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Previous results have shown that mice lacking in the group 1B phospholipase A(2) (Pla2g1b) are resistant to obesity and diabetes induced by feeding a diabetogenic high-fat/high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	201-213	phospholipase A and acyltransferase 1	Mus musculus	86-103
19437454-8	2009	CONCLUSION: In view of the fact that the carbohydrate recognition domain of GAL1 recognises the structural motif N-acetyl lactosamine (Gal beta 1-4 GlcNAc), which is similar to that of chitin (beta-1,4 N-acetyl-D-glucosamine), it is proposed that the insecticidal mechanism of GAL1 involves direct binding with chitin to interfere with the structure of the PM.	Carbohydrates	41-53	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	76-80
19437454-8	2009	CONCLUSION: In view of the fact that the carbohydrate recognition domain of GAL1 recognises the structural motif N-acetyl lactosamine (Gal beta 1-4 GlcNAc), which is similar to that of chitin (beta-1,4 N-acetyl-D-glucosamine), it is proposed that the insecticidal mechanism of GAL1 involves direct binding with chitin to interfere with the structure of the PM.	Carbohydrates	41-53	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	277-281
19520578-6	2009	Experimental results showed that the presence of benzyl groups on the carbohydrate scaffold and the N(7)-linked purine nucleobase were necessary for strong BChE inactivation.	Carbohydrates	70-82	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	156-160
19432560-0	2009	The carbohydrate-binding domain on galectin-1 is more extensive for a complex glycan than for simple saccharides: implications for galectin-glycan interactions at the cell surface.	Carbohydrates	4-16	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	35-45
19432560-0	2009	The carbohydrate-binding domain on galectin-1 is more extensive for a complex glycan than for simple saccharides: implications for galectin-glycan interactions at the cell surface.	Carbohydrates	101-112	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	35-45
19476346-10	2009	HCR/F bound specifically to gangliosides that contain alpha2,3-linked sialic acid on the terminal galactose of a neutral saccharide core (binding order GT1b = GD1a &gt;&gt; GM3; no binding to GD1b and GM1a).	Carbohydrates	121-131	coiled-coil alpha-helical rod protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
19387537-1	2009	OBJECTIVE: Polysialic acid (PSA) is a carbohydrate binding on the neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM and impedes cell-cell interactions.	Carbohydrates	38-50	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	96-100
19048283-0	2009	Adaptive response of equine intestinal Na+/glucose co-transporter (SGLT1) to an increase in dietary soluble carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	108-120	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Equus caballus	39-65
19048283-0	2009	Adaptive response of equine intestinal Na+/glucose co-transporter (SGLT1) to an increase in dietary soluble carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	108-120	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Equus caballus	67-72
19407390-1	2009	A crystal of a protease-resistant mutant form of human galectin-8, a tandem-repeat-type galectin with two carbohydrate-recognition domains, was obtained using the hanging-drop method and was found to belong to the tetragonal space group P4(3)2(1)2, with unit-cell parameters a = 78.93, b = 78.93, c = 132.05 A. Diffraction data were collected to a resolution of 3.4 A.	Carbohydrates	106-118	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	55-65
19380755-0	2009	Comment on "Engineering antibody heavy chain CDR3 to create a phage display Fab library rich in antibodies that bind charged carbohydrates".	Carbohydrates	125-138	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	76-79
19103599-4	2009	A mutant form of Gal-1, containing C2S and V5D mutations (mGal-1), exhibits impaired dimerization and fails to induce cell surface PS exposure while retaining the ability to recognize carbohydrates and signal Ca(2+) flux in leukocytes.	Carbohydrates	184-197	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	17-22
19128029-6	2009	These new insights into the microscopic role of water molecules in Gal-1 binding to its specific carbohydrate ligands provides a better understanding of the physicochemical properties of Gal-1-saccharide interactions, which will be useful for the design of synthetic inhibitors for therapeutic purposes.	Carbohydrates	97-109	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	67-72
19128029-6	2009	These new insights into the microscopic role of water molecules in Gal-1 binding to its specific carbohydrate ligands provides a better understanding of the physicochemical properties of Gal-1-saccharide interactions, which will be useful for the design of synthetic inhibitors for therapeutic purposes.	Carbohydrates	97-109	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	187-192
18925876-1	2009	CD22 [Siglec-2 (sialic acid-binding, immunoglobulin-like lectin-2)], a negative regulator of B-cell signalling, binds to alpha2,6- sialic acid-linked glycoconjugates, including a sialyl-Tn antigen that is one of the typical tumour-associated carbohydrate antigens expressed on various mucins.	Carbohydrates	242-254	CD22 antigen	Mus musculus	0-4
18925876-1	2009	CD22 [Siglec-2 (sialic acid-binding, immunoglobulin-like lectin-2)], a negative regulator of B-cell signalling, binds to alpha2,6- sialic acid-linked glycoconjugates, including a sialyl-Tn antigen that is one of the typical tumour-associated carbohydrate antigens expressed on various mucins.	Carbohydrates	242-254	CD22 antigen	Mus musculus	6-14
19308899-6	2009	In randomized controlled trials in overweight subjects, diets based on low GI carbohydrates have decreased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity and other CVD risk factors over and above that of conventional low-fat diets.	Carbohydrates	78-91	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	107-140
19095961-3	2009	The present study aimed to reveal whether the recognition of bacterial surface carbohydrates by the macrophage galactose-type C-type lectin-1, MGL1/CD301a, induces both the production and secretion of interleukin (IL)-10.	Carbohydrates	79-92	C-type lectin domain family 10, member A	Mus musculus	143-147
19095961-3	2009	The present study aimed to reveal whether the recognition of bacterial surface carbohydrates by the macrophage galactose-type C-type lectin-1, MGL1/CD301a, induces both the production and secretion of interleukin (IL)-10.	Carbohydrates	79-92	C-type lectin domain family 10, member A	Mus musculus	148-154
19031019-6	2009	TLR detect cell-wall components of bacteria, fungi, and protozoa at the cell surface or bacterial and viral nucleic acid structures in a specialized endosomal compartment, while CLR that are involved in pattern recognition bind to carbohydrate structures associated with pathogens.	Carbohydrates	231-243	doublecortin like kinase 3	Homo sapiens	178-181
18495466-6	2008	Plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity was decreased and cholesterol ester transfer protein activity was increased by dietary cholesterol, whereas carbohydrate restriction increased LCAT activity (P&lt;.05).	Carbohydrates	168-180	phosphatidylcholine-sterol acyltransferase	Cavia porcellus	203-207
18662664-0	2008	Dissociation of the carbohydrate-binding and splicing activities of galectin-1.	Carbohydrates	20-32	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	68-78
18662664-1	2008	Galectin-1 (Gal1) and galectin-3 (Gal3) are two members of a family of carbohydrate-binding proteins that are found in the nucleus and that participate in pre-mRNA splicing assayed in a cell-free system.	Carbohydrates	71-83	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
18662664-1	2008	Galectin-1 (Gal1) and galectin-3 (Gal3) are two members of a family of carbohydrate-binding proteins that are found in the nucleus and that participate in pre-mRNA splicing assayed in a cell-free system.	Carbohydrates	71-83	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	12-16
18662664-3	2008	Lactose and other saccharide ligands of the galectins inhibited GST-Gal3 pull-down of TFII-I while non-binding carbohydrates failed to yield the same effect.	Carbohydrates	18-28	glutathione S-transferase kappa 1	Homo sapiens	64-67
18662664-6	2008	The binding of GST-Gal1(N46D) to asialofetuin-Sepharose was less than 10% of that observed for GST-Gal1(WT), indicating that the mutant was deficient in carbohydrate-binding activity.	Carbohydrates	153-165	glutathione S-transferase kappa 1	Homo sapiens	15-18
18662664-6	2008	The binding of GST-Gal1(N46D) to asialofetuin-Sepharose was less than 10% of that observed for GST-Gal1(WT), indicating that the mutant was deficient in carbohydrate-binding activity.	Carbohydrates	153-165	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	19-23
18662664-9	2008	Together, all of the results suggest that the carbohydrate-binding and the splicing activities of Gal1 can be dissociated and therefore, saccharide-binding, per se, is not required for the splicing activity.	Carbohydrates	46-58	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	98-102
18662664-9	2008	Together, all of the results suggest that the carbohydrate-binding and the splicing activities of Gal1 can be dissociated and therefore, saccharide-binding, per se, is not required for the splicing activity.	Carbohydrates	137-147	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	98-102
18793148-7	2008	The identification and characterization of these sugar-binding F-box proteins demonstrated that F-box proteins do not exclusively use protein-protein interactions but also protein-carbohydrate interactions in the Ub (ubiquitin)/proteasome pathway.	Carbohydrates	180-192	ubiquitin	Nicotiana tabacum	217-226
18637021-5	2008	Gal-1 binds to parasites in a carbohydrate-dependent manner that is inhibited in the presence of T. vaginalis LPG.	Carbohydrates	30-42	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
18433051-0	2008	Crystal structure of the putative carbohydrate recognition domain of human galectin-related protein.	Carbohydrates	34-46	galectin like	Homo sapiens	75-99
18587048-11	2008	These studies uncover a critical role for the Tsc2/mTOR pathway in regulation of beta cell mass and carbohydrate metabolism in vivo.	Carbohydrates	100-112	TSC complex subunit 2	Mus musculus	46-50
18587048-11	2008	These studies uncover a critical role for the Tsc2/mTOR pathway in regulation of beta cell mass and carbohydrate metabolism in vivo.	Carbohydrates	100-112	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Mus musculus	51-55
18439904-4	2008	Here in comparison to previous studies that show GrB interacts with carbohydrate moieties, the protease does not bind membrane phospholipids nor has intrinsic membranolytic properties.	Carbohydrates	68-80	granzyme B	Homo sapiens	49-52
18524587-1	2008	Discovery of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors has been actively pursued with the aim to develop therapeutics for the treatment of diabetes and the other carbohydrate-mediated diseases.	Carbohydrates	149-161	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	13-30
18207466-9	2008	Carbohydrate-related genes were almost all involved in energy metabolism (e.g. Pfkm, Pgm1, Pgam1, Pfkfb1, Pfkfb2), whereas lipid-related genes were involved in energetics as well as other cellular processes; for both groups this included genes involved in rate-limiting metabolic steps.	Carbohydrates	0-12	6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 2	Rattus norvegicus	106-112
18024965-1	2008	We previously showed that tandem-repeat type galectin-8, which has two covalently linked carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs), induces neutrophil-adhesion through binding to integrin alphaM.	Carbohydrates	89-101	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	45-55
18292804-2	2008	report studies investigating the role of the liver X receptors (LXRs) LXRalpha and LXRbeta in carbohydrate sensing by the liver (see the related article beginning on page 956).	Carbohydrates	94-106	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 2	Mus musculus	83-90
18056982-8	2008	It is concluded that an exercise protocol designed to strain muscle carbohydrate reserves and to result in large increases in lactic acid results in a rapid upregulation of both GLUT-4 and MCT-4.	Carbohydrates	68-80	solute carrier family 16 member 3	Homo sapiens	189-194
18204462-1	2008	The dendritic cell immunoreceptor (official gene symbol Clec4a2, called Dcir here) is a C-type lectin receptor expressed mainly in dendritic cells (DCs) that has a carbohydrate recognition domain in its extracellular portion and an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif, which transduces negative signals into cells, in its cytoplasmic portion.	Carbohydrates	164-176	C-type lectin domain family 4, member a2	Mus musculus	4-33
18204462-1	2008	The dendritic cell immunoreceptor (official gene symbol Clec4a2, called Dcir here) is a C-type lectin receptor expressed mainly in dendritic cells (DCs) that has a carbohydrate recognition domain in its extracellular portion and an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif, which transduces negative signals into cells, in its cytoplasmic portion.	Carbohydrates	164-176	C-type lectin domain family 4, member a2	Mus musculus	56-63
18204462-1	2008	The dendritic cell immunoreceptor (official gene symbol Clec4a2, called Dcir here) is a C-type lectin receptor expressed mainly in dendritic cells (DCs) that has a carbohydrate recognition domain in its extracellular portion and an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif, which transduces negative signals into cells, in its cytoplasmic portion.	Carbohydrates	164-176	C-type lectin domain family 4, member a2	Mus musculus	72-76
18022638-2	2008	To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying sialic acid Ig-like lectin (Siglec) functions, we determined the crystal structure of the two N-terminal extracellular domains of human myeloid cell inhibitory receptor Siglec-5 (CD170) and its complexes with two sialylated carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	274-287	sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 5	Homo sapiens	219-227
18022638-2	2008	To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying sialic acid Ig-like lectin (Siglec) functions, we determined the crystal structure of the two N-terminal extracellular domains of human myeloid cell inhibitory receptor Siglec-5 (CD170) and its complexes with two sialylated carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	274-287	sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 5	Homo sapiens	229-234
20610655-4	2010	We show that MR mediates internalization of diverse allergens from mite (Der p 1 and Der p 2), dog (Can f 1), cockroach (Bla g 2), and peanut (Ara h 1) through their carbohydrate moieties.	Carbohydrates	166-178	major allergen Can f 1	Canis lupus familiaris	100-107
20615935-2	2010	The biogenesis of lysosomes, a major cellular site of protein, carbohydrate, and lipid catabolism, depends on the 300-kDa cation-independent Man-6-P receptor (CI-MPR) that transports newly synthesized acid hydrolases from the Golgi.	Carbohydrates	63-75	insulin like growth factor 2 receptor	Homo sapiens	159-165
19167758-6	2010	Carbohydrate moiety of AGP was found to be critical, since experimentally desialylated protein does not maintain its exocytosis-modulatory activity.	Carbohydrates	0-12	alpha-1-acid glycoprotein	Bos taurus	23-26
20378538-8	2010	Determination of the SDF2 three-dimensional crystal structure at 1.95 A resolution revealed the typical beta-trefoil fold with potential carbohydrate binding sites.	Carbohydrates	137-149	stromal cell-derived factor 2-like protein precursor	Arabidopsis thaliana	21-25
19754671-4	2010	Here we show that resistin, a cystein-rich protein believed to regulate carbohydrate metabolism, competes with LPS for binding to TLR4.	Carbohydrates	72-84	resistin	Homo sapiens	18-26
19754671-4	2010	Here we show that resistin, a cystein-rich protein believed to regulate carbohydrate metabolism, competes with LPS for binding to TLR4.	Carbohydrates	72-84	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	130-134
20404854-12	2010	Agents that decrease intestinal carbohydrate digestion (alpha-glucosidase inhibitors) or decrease insulin resistance (metformin) might be alternative adjunctive therapies in T1DM, though its benefits are marginally supported by clinical data.	Carbohydrates	32-44	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	56-73
20478811-1	2010	UNLABELLED: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) has an important role in the carbohydrate metabolism with the degradation of incretin hormones.	Carbohydrates	72-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-34
20478811-1	2010	UNLABELLED: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) has an important role in the carbohydrate metabolism with the degradation of incretin hormones.	Carbohydrates	72-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
20190804-2	2010	A small fraction of a cell"s glucose enters the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), which regulates levels of O-linked beta-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), a carbohydrate posttranslational modification of diverse nuclear and cytosolic proteins.	Carbohydrates	161-173	O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase	Homo sapiens	148-156
20510017-6	2010	We suggest here that these proteins might be involved in controlling lipid or carbohydrate metabolism in diabetes via PPARalpha activation.	Carbohydrates	78-90	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	118-127
20345905-8	2010	Importantly, the carbohydrate chains from hLF are shown to be responsible for TLR4 activation.	Carbohydrates	17-29	HLF transcription factor, PAR bZIP family member	Homo sapiens	42-45
20345905-8	2010	Importantly, the carbohydrate chains from hLF are shown to be responsible for TLR4 activation.	Carbohydrates	17-29	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	78-82
20345905-10	2010	Thus, we present a novel model concerning the biological function of hLF: hLF induces moderate activation of TLR4-mediated innate immunity through its carbohydrate chains; however, hLF suppresses endotoxemia by interfering with lipopolysaccharide-dependent TLR4 activation, probably through its polypeptide moiety.	Carbohydrates	151-163	HLF transcription factor, PAR bZIP family member	Homo sapiens	69-72
20345905-10	2010	Thus, we present a novel model concerning the biological function of hLF: hLF induces moderate activation of TLR4-mediated innate immunity through its carbohydrate chains; however, hLF suppresses endotoxemia by interfering with lipopolysaccharide-dependent TLR4 activation, probably through its polypeptide moiety.	Carbohydrates	151-163	HLF transcription factor, PAR bZIP family member	Homo sapiens	74-77
20345905-10	2010	Thus, we present a novel model concerning the biological function of hLF: hLF induces moderate activation of TLR4-mediated innate immunity through its carbohydrate chains; however, hLF suppresses endotoxemia by interfering with lipopolysaccharide-dependent TLR4 activation, probably through its polypeptide moiety.	Carbohydrates	151-163	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	109-113
20222716-1	2010	Further refinement of the model using maximum likelihood procedures and reevaluation of the native electron density map has shown that crystals of pig pancreatic alpha-amylase, whose structure we reported more than 15 years ago, in fact contain a substantial amount of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	269-281	amylase, alpha 2A (pancreatic)	Sus scrofa	151-175
20307500-6	2010	We propose that AC-type regulatory elements mediate xylem-specific MYB46-dependent expression of secondary cell wall carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), besides activating gene expression of lignin biosynthesis enzymes.	Carbohydrates	117-129	myb domain protein 46	Arabidopsis thaliana	67-72
20470247-1	2010	The inhibition of alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase, enzymes involved in the digestion of carbohydrates, can significantly reduce the post-prandial increase of blood glucose and therefore can be an important strategy in the management of blood glucose level in type 2 diabetic and borderline patients.	Carbohydrates	92-105	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	18-35
20078087-0	2010	Computational modeling of carbohydrate-recognition process in E-selectin complex: structural mapping of sialyl Lewis X onto ab initio QM/MM free energy surface.	Carbohydrates	26-38	selectin E	Homo sapiens	62-72
20078087-6	2010	The model clearly shows that the binding geometries of the E-selectin/SLe(x) complex are determined not by one single, rigid carbohydrate structure but rather by the sum of averaged conformations fluctuating around the minimum free energy region.	Carbohydrates	125-137	selectin E	Homo sapiens	59-69
20078087-7	2010	For the E-selectin/SLe(x) complex, the major molecular interactions are hydrogen bonds between Fuc and the Ca(2+) binding site in the carbohydrate-recognition domain, and Gal is important in determining the ligand specificity.	Carbohydrates	134-146	selectin E	Homo sapiens	8-18
20022272-5	2010	Furthermore, CORCEMA-ST calculations of two protein-saccharide complexes (Jacalin and TreR) with known crystal structures were performed and compared with experimental GEM-CRL data.	Carbohydrates	52-62	interleukin 31 receptor A	Homo sapiens	172-175
20506643-0	2010	[Effects of Pvu II polymorphism in low density lipoprotein receptor gene on changes of serum lipid ratios induced by high-carbohydrate/low-fat diet in healthy youth].	Carbohydrates	122-134	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	35-67
20506644-0	2010	[Effects of lipoprotein lipase gene Ser447stop polymorphism on changes of serum lipid ratios induced by high-carbohydrate/low-fat diet in healthy youth].	Carbohydrates	109-121	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	12-30
20032493-1	2010	BACKGROUND: Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) rs7903146 associates with type 2 diabetes and may operate via impaired glucagon-like peptide 1 secretion, which is stimulated more by fat than by carbohydrate ingestion.	Carbohydrates	197-209	transcription factor 7 like 2	Homo sapiens	12-41
20032493-1	2010	BACKGROUND: Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) rs7903146 associates with type 2 diabetes and may operate via impaired glucagon-like peptide 1 secretion, which is stimulated more by fat than by carbohydrate ingestion.	Carbohydrates	197-209	transcription factor 7 like 2	Homo sapiens	43-49
19915463-2	2010	RECENT FINDINGS: Several studies reported that dietary factors related to carbohydrate quality and quantity, such as whole grains and glycemic load, might interact with transcription factor 7-like 2 variants in relation to T2D risk.	Carbohydrates	74-86	transcription factor 7 like 2	Homo sapiens	169-198
19955571-7	2010	In conclusion, carbohydrates significantly influence the activity of TF proteins.	Carbohydrates	15-28	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	69-71
20008118-4	2010	We first analyzed the carbohydrate structures of PSA derived from seminal fluid, serum of BPH and PC patients, and PC cell line, namely, LNCaP using eight lectin-immobilized columns and then with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).	Carbohydrates	22-34	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	49-52
20375620-5	2010	The ficolin-MASP complex binds directly to carbohydrates present on the surface of a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria through ficolin.	Carbohydrates	43-56	MBL associated serine protease 1	Homo sapiens	12-16
20816172-5	2010	We also describe in detail a protocol using an L-selectinIgM chimera in situ binding assay on FFPE tissue sections for functional detection of L-selectin ligand carbohydrates expressed on HEV-like vessels.	Carbohydrates	161-174	selectin L	Homo sapiens	47-57
21447267-1	2010	INTRODUCTION: Leptin and soluble form of leptin receptor play a great role in both carbohydrate and fat metabolism which is very important in diabetes mellitus type (DMT1) patients.	Carbohydrates	83-95	leptin receptor	Homo sapiens	41-56
21447267-1	2010	INTRODUCTION: Leptin and soluble form of leptin receptor play a great role in both carbohydrate and fat metabolism which is very important in diabetes mellitus type (DMT1) patients.	Carbohydrates	83-95	doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	166-170
20847941-2	2010	It is a sensor for changes in levels of fatty acids and their derivatives that responds to ligand binding with PPAR target gene transcription, inasmuch as it can influence physiological homeostasis, including lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in various tissues.	Carbohydrates	219-231	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	111-115
21094898-7	2010	Its secretion is elicited by intraluminal nutrients, especially carbohydrate and fat, through the action of SGLT1, GPR40, GPR120, and GPR119.	Carbohydrates	64-76	free fatty acid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	115-120
21094898-7	2010	Its secretion is elicited by intraluminal nutrients, especially carbohydrate and fat, through the action of SGLT1, GPR40, GPR120, and GPR119.	Carbohydrates	64-76	G protein-coupled receptor 119	Homo sapiens	134-140
19840944-2	2009	To determine the types of phosphorylated N-glycans recognized by each of the three carbohydrate binding sites of the CI-MPR, a phosphorylated glycan microarray was probed with truncated forms of the CI-MPR.	Carbohydrates	83-95	insulin like growth factor 2 receptor	Homo sapiens	117-123
19840944-8	2009	Together, these data indicate that the assembly of three unique carbohydrate binding sites allows the CI-MPR to interact with the structurally diverse phosphorylated N-glycans it encounters on newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes.	Carbohydrates	64-76	insulin like growth factor 2 receptor	Homo sapiens	102-108
20553076-4	2009	IGF-II levels were associated with higher intakes of milk, yogurt, fruits and miso soup, and lower intakes of rice, coffee and carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	127-139	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	0-6
20553076-5	2009	IGFBP-3 levels were associated with higher intakes of milk, yogurt, fruits and vitamin C, and lower intakes of rice, energy, protein, carbohydrate, sodium and polyunsaturated fatty acids.	Carbohydrates	134-146	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	0-7
19734328-8	2009	While transcriptome analysis of wild-type and msn2Delta msn4Delta strains confirmed that transcriptional upregulation of glycogen and trehalose biosynthesis genes is mediated by Msn2p/Msn4p, transcriptional regulation could not quantitatively account for the drastic changes in storage carbohydrate accumulation.	Carbohydrates	286-298	stress-responsive transcriptional activator MSN2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	178-183
18768334-5	2009	In general, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors delay carbohydrate absorption, metiglinides and sulfonylureas increase insulin supply, and biguanides and thiazolidinediones enhance insulin action.	Carbohydrates	47-59	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	12-29
19823749-3	2009	Our data indicate that hGal-1, similar to some plant lectins, a bacterial lectin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and an animal lectin from Helix pomatia, possesses dual functions binding to both carbohydrate and non-carbohydrate ligands.	Carbohydrates	191-203	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	23-29
19625693-2	2009	Previous work has demonstrated increased PDK activity and PDK4 expression in human skeletal muscle following a high-fat low-carbohydrate (HF) diet, which leads to decreased PDH in the active form (PDHa activity) and carbohydrate oxidation.	Carbohydrates	124-136	pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	197-201
19625693-3	2009	The purpose of this study was to examine the time course of changes in PDK and PDHa activities with refeeding of carbohydrates after an HF diet in human skeletal muscle.	Carbohydrates	113-126	pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	79-83
19618208-0	2009	Altered carbohydrate metabolism in the storage roots of sweet potato plants overexpressing the SRF1 gene, which encodes a Dof zinc finger transcription factor.	Carbohydrates	8-20	STRUBBELIG-receptor family 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	95-99
19618208-9	2009	These data suggest that SRF1 modulates the carbohydrate metabolism in the storage roots through negative regulation of a vacuolar invertase gene.	Carbohydrates	43-55	STRUBBELIG-receptor family 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	24-28
19491295-3	2009	ATGL deletion severely disrupts whole-body substrate partitioning at rest; reducing plasma free fatty acid (FFA) availability (WT: 0.49 +/- 0.06 vs. ATGL(-/-) 0.34 +/- 0.03 mM), which in turn enhances carbohydrate oxidation during fasting (mean RER, WT: 0.86 +/- 0.02, ATGL(-/-) 0.90 +/- 0.01) and is associated with depleted muscle and liver glycogen stores.	Carbohydrates	201-213	patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2	Mus musculus	0-4
19491295-7	2009	Carbohydrate oxidation was increased concomitantly during exercise in ATGL(-/-) and HSL(-/-) mice, resulting in more muscle and liver glycogen depletion.	Carbohydrates	0-12	patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2	Mus musculus	70-74
19492862-0	2009	Computational studies of human galectin-1: role of conserved tryptophan residue in stacking interaction with carbohydrate ligands.	Carbohydrates	109-121	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	31-41
19492862-4	2009	We have studied the interaction between the corresponding human Galectin-1 in silico mutants and different carbohydrate ligands using molecular dynamics in explicit solvent.	Carbohydrates	107-119	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	64-74
19284289-7	2009	Hence, our data provide the basis for further studies on the contribution of carbohydrate determinants to CD24-mediated biological activities.	Carbohydrates	77-89	CD24a antigen	Mus musculus	106-110
19594637-6	2009	The hydrophobic alkyl chains are buried in the CD1d groove, with the carbohydrate exposed for TCR recognition, together with the surface of the CD1d molecule.	Carbohydrates	69-81	CD1d molecule	Homo sapiens	47-51
19594637-6	2009	The hydrophobic alkyl chains are buried in the CD1d groove, with the carbohydrate exposed for TCR recognition, together with the surface of the CD1d molecule.	Carbohydrates	69-81	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	94-97
19594637-7	2009	Therefore, understanding the biochemical basis for antigen recognition by NKT cells requires an understanding of how the trimolecular complex of CD1d, glycolipid, and the TCR is formed, which is in part a problem of carbohydrate recognition by the TCR.	Carbohydrates	216-228	CD1d molecule	Homo sapiens	145-149
19594637-7	2009	Therefore, understanding the biochemical basis for antigen recognition by NKT cells requires an understanding of how the trimolecular complex of CD1d, glycolipid, and the TCR is formed, which is in part a problem of carbohydrate recognition by the TCR.	Carbohydrates	216-228	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	171-174
19594637-7	2009	Therefore, understanding the biochemical basis for antigen recognition by NKT cells requires an understanding of how the trimolecular complex of CD1d, glycolipid, and the TCR is formed, which is in part a problem of carbohydrate recognition by the TCR.	Carbohydrates	216-228	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	248-251
19494295-4	2009	In the lectin pathway, mannan-binding lectin and ficolins bind to carbohydrates on pathogens to activate mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease 2.	Carbohydrates	66-79	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	23-44
19494295-4	2009	In the lectin pathway, mannan-binding lectin and ficolins bind to carbohydrates on pathogens to activate mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease 2.	Carbohydrates	66-79	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	105-126
19448696-6	2009	ATGL-/- mice are obese, exhibit impaired thermogenesis, oxidize more carbohydrate, and die prematurely due to cardiac dysfunction.	Carbohydrates	69-81	patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2	Mus musculus	0-4
19375166-2	2009	Wasp and bee sensitized individuals frequently show IgE antibodies that in vitro recognize common carbohydrate structures across the hymenoptera species.	Carbohydrates	98-110	WASP actin nucleation promoting factor	Homo sapiens	0-4
19059388-4	2009	The altered activities of the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism such as hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase in liver and kidney tissues of diabetic rats were significantly (p&lt;0.05) reverted to near normal levels by the administration of resveratrol.	Carbohydrates	45-57	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	129-150
18810635-2	2009	Recombinant galectin-14 is active in carbohydrate binding assays and has been used in this study to unravel the function of this major eosinophil constituent.	Carbohydrates	37-49	galectin 14	Homo sapiens	12-23
19400808-9	2009	Expression is enhanced, when cells utilize preferred carbohydrates like glucose, which results in preferential dephosphorylation of the transport-PTS and also of IIA(Ntr).	Carbohydrates	53-66	colicin Ia immunity protein	Escherichia coli	162-165
19057019-5	2009	RESULTS: Drotrecogin-alfa activated and 3K3A-APC exhibited 148% and 10% of plasma-derived APC"s anticoagulant activity and differ in the carbohydrate content.	Carbohydrates	137-149	APC, WNT signaling pathway regulator	Mus musculus	45-48
19249874-4	2009	Trimeric neck plus carbohydrate recognition domains from human SP-D (hNCRD) preferred alpha1-2-linked dimannose (DM) over the branched trimannose (TM) core, alpha1-3 or alpha1-6 DM, or D-mannose.	Carbohydrates	19-31	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	157-165
19167372-1	2009	Congenital Generalized Lipodystrophy (CGL) or Berardinelli-Seip Syndrome (BSCL) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by complete absence of adipose tissue and by several metabolic alterations in carbohydrate (diabetes mellitus) and lipid metabolism and involvement of heart, bone and ovaries.	Carbohydrates	210-222	1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	74-78
19350579-3	2009	In humans, we now show that DC-HIL also binds to SD-4 on activated T cells through recognition of its heparinase-sensitive saccharide moiety.	Carbohydrates	123-133	glycoprotein (transmembrane) nmb	Mus musculus	28-34
19285013-1	2009	The beta(1,2)-xylose- and/or alpha(1,3)-fucose-containing cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs) are present in various plant and insect N-glycans, and have been attracted as potential antigens in IgE-mediated allergies and immunologically undesired post-translational products on some recombinant therapeutic proteins.	Carbohydrates	73-85	hemoglobin, beta adult major chain	Mus musculus	4-12
19328949-2	2009	MBL binding to carbohydrates present on pathogens mediates lectin-dependent activation of the complement pathway.	Carbohydrates	15-28	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
19118822-1	2009	Sialyl Lewis (sLe(x)) is the smallest naturally occurring carbohydrate ligand that binds to E-Selectin on the activated endothelium.	Carbohydrates	58-70	selectin E	Homo sapiens	92-102
19049827-1	2009	Antithrombin was purified from Bothrops jararaca plasma by affinity chromatography using HiTrap Heparin HP column, and its molecular weight, amino-terminal sequence, carbohydrate content, isoelectric point, inhibition of bovine thrombin, and immunological properties were studied and compared with previously described antithrombins.	Carbohydrates	166-178	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	0-12
19049827-2	2009	B. jararaca antithrombin is a single-chain glycoprotein with a total carbohydrate content of 18%.	Carbohydrates	69-81	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	12-24
19275550-5	2009	Acarbose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, delays the absorption of carbohydrate from the small intestine, thereby reducing postprandial hyperglycemia.	Carbohydrates	67-79	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	13-30
19026725-4	2009	The seeds of transgenic lines that overexpressed ICE2 were characterized by decreased levels of carbohydrate and increased levels of lipids.	Carbohydrates	96-108	basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) DNA-binding superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	49-53
19118221-4	2009	Here, we describe that laminin-1 binds to GM1 through a carbohydrate moiety and a specific conformation of GM1, induces focal formation of large clusters of GM1, and enhances the relocation of TrkA in the membrane of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and PC12 cells.	Carbohydrates	56-68	laminin subunit alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	23-32
28848581-9	2017	A close inspection of major carbohydrate metabolism in non-infected control plants revealed that soluble sugar and starch content were substantially elevated in sweet11/sweet12 double mutants during the entire diurnal cycle, that diurnal soluble sugar turnover was increased more than twofold in sweet11/sweet12, and that accumulation of free hexoses and sucrose was strongly expedited in double mutant leaves compared to wild type and both single mutants during the course of Ch infection.	Carbohydrates	28-40	Nodulin MtN3 family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	161-168
19106304-4	2009	Here, we present the design, construction and in vivo application of carbohydrate-functionalized nanoparticles that allow direct detection of endothelial markers E-/P-selectin (CD62E/CD62P) in acute inflammation.	Carbohydrates	69-81	selectin E	Homo sapiens	177-182
19129647-0	2009	Carbohydrate binding specificity of recombinant human macrophage beta-glucan receptor dectin-1.	Carbohydrates	0-12	C-type lectin domain containing 7A	Homo sapiens	86-94
19129647-3	2009	The beta-glucan binding of recombinant dectin-1 was inhibited by laminarin, a soluble beta-glucan, and by laminarioligosaccharides, but not by other carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	149-162	C-type lectin domain containing 7A	Homo sapiens	39-47
17007993-3	2008	Leptin interacts with several other hormones, modifies the activities of some enzymes and proinflammatory cytokines, participates in hematopoiesis, thermogenesis, and angiogenesis, and is involved in the control of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	215-227	leptin	Homo sapiens	0-6
28751953-4	2017	Thus, a possible adverse effect of PCSK9 inhibitors on carbohydrate metabolism may be expected by this mechanism, which has been supported by the mendelian studies results.	Carbohydrates	55-67	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9	Homo sapiens	35-40
17766679-1	2007	We demonstrated a novel strategy for specific and persistent inhibition of antibody (Ab) production against blood group A or B carbohydrate determinants necessary for successful ABO-incompatible transplantation.	Carbohydrates	127-139	ABO blood group (transferase A, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, transferase B, alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase)	Mus musculus	178-181
18338635-8	2007	Berberine modulates PPARalpha/delta/gamma protein levels in diabetic retina which may contribute to ameliorate retinopathy complication induced by STZ and a high-carbohydrate/high-fat diet.	Carbohydrates	162-174	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	20-29
19884970-1	2009	Approximately 15% (w/w) of human intrinsic factor (IF) is comprised of carbohydrate side chains, making crystallization problematic.	Carbohydrates	71-83	cobalamin binding intrinsic factor	Homo sapiens	33-49
19884970-1	2009	Approximately 15% (w/w) of human intrinsic factor (IF) is comprised of carbohydrate side chains, making crystallization problematic.	Carbohydrates	71-83	cobalamin binding intrinsic factor	Homo sapiens	51-53
28751953-6	2017	So, the inhibition of PCSK9 may be seen as a double-edged sword regarding carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	74-86	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9	Homo sapiens	22-27
18825612-6	2009	With diet type I (low fat) and diet type II (low carbohydrate) in probands with both wild-type alleles, we observed decreases in BMI, weight, fat mass, systolic blood pressure, leptin levels, and insulin concentrations.	Carbohydrates	49-61	leptin	Homo sapiens	177-183
28303635-2	2017	Upon carbohydrate-recognition by pattern-recognition molecules, eg, mannan-binding lectin (MBL), the MBL-associated serine protease (MASP-2) is activated and initiates the complement cascade.	Carbohydrates	5-17	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	68-89
19249566-2	2009	The carbohydrate structure of xenoantigen alpha-Gal is highly analogous to the human blood group antigens.	Carbohydrates	4-16	GLA	Sus scrofa	42-51
17521368-2	2007	Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) recognizes certain carbohydrate structures of microbes and subsequently activates the complement system as well as facilitates the phagocytosis of targets.	Carbohydrates	48-60	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-22
17521368-2	2007	Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) recognizes certain carbohydrate structures of microbes and subsequently activates the complement system as well as facilitates the phagocytosis of targets.	Carbohydrates	48-60	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	24-27
28303635-2	2017	Upon carbohydrate-recognition by pattern-recognition molecules, eg, mannan-binding lectin (MBL), the MBL-associated serine protease (MASP-2) is activated and initiates the complement cascade.	Carbohydrates	5-17	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	91-94
28303635-2	2017	Upon carbohydrate-recognition by pattern-recognition molecules, eg, mannan-binding lectin (MBL), the MBL-associated serine protease (MASP-2) is activated and initiates the complement cascade.	Carbohydrates	5-17	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	101-104
28499450-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Polysialic acid (polySia) is a carbohydrate modification of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), which is implicated in neural differentiation and plays an important role in tumor development and metastasis.	Carbohydrates	43-55	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	76-105
17553476-8	2007	Furthermore, 2-deoxyglucose activated p70S6K suggesting that phosphorylation of glucose is required for carbohydrate-mediated mTOR signalling in the heart.	Carbohydrates	104-116	ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1	Rattus norvegicus	38-44
18991397-8	2008	Anti-SP-D monoclonal antibody that recognizes the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of SP-D significantly inhibited the binding of SP-D to sMD-2, indicating the involvement of the CRD for the binding to sMD-2.	Carbohydrates	50-62	small nuclear ribonucleoprotein D2 polypeptide	Homo sapiens	143-148
18991397-8	2008	Anti-SP-D monoclonal antibody that recognizes the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of SP-D significantly inhibited the binding of SP-D to sMD-2, indicating the involvement of the CRD for the binding to sMD-2.	Carbohydrates	50-62	small nuclear ribonucleoprotein D2 polypeptide	Homo sapiens	207-212
28499450-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Polysialic acid (polySia) is a carbohydrate modification of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), which is implicated in neural differentiation and plays an important role in tumor development and metastasis.	Carbohydrates	43-55	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	107-111
28351593-1	2017	Cell surface carbohydrates of the Lewis blood group antigens, Lewis X (Lex), Lewis Y (Ley), Lewis A (Lea), and their sialylated derivatives, such as sialy Lewis X (sLex) and sialy Lewis A (sLea), play important roles in various recognition processes.	Carbohydrates	13-26	fucosyltransferase 3 (Lewis blood group)	Homo sapiens	34-51
19038937-0	2008	Concentrations of progesterone and insulin in serum of nonlactating dairy cows in response to carbohydrate source and processing.	Carbohydrates	94-106	insulin	Bos taurus	35-42
19038937-12	2008	Carbohydrate processing, but not carbohydrate source, affected serum insulin of nonlactating dairy cows.	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin	Bos taurus	69-76
17706645-7	2007	Administration of Gal-1, which is known to have carbohydrate-binding ability, into the lateral ventricle increased neurogenesis in the ipsilateral SVZ and improved sensorimotor dysfunction after focal ischemia.	Carbohydrates	48-60	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	18-23
17706645-9	2007	These results suggest that Gal-1 is one of the principal regulators of adult SVZ neurogenesis through its carbohydrate-binding ability and provide evidence that Gal-1 protein has a role in the improvement of sensorimotor function after stroke.	Carbohydrates	106-118	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	27-32
18782868-12	2008	We validated an effect of the fat to carbohydrate ratio for five genes (FABP4, NR3C1, SIRT3, FNTA, and GABARAPL2) with increased expression during the moderate-fat diet.	Carbohydrates	37-49	fatty acid binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	72-77
28448534-9	2017	Together, we identified miR-21 as cardioprotective downstream target of Per2 and suggest intense light therapy as a potential strategy to enhance miR-21 activity and subsequent carbohydrate metabolism in humans.	Carbohydrates	177-189	microRNA 21	Homo sapiens	24-30
18453014-7	2008	GhrR -/- mice have higher respiratory quotients (RQ), indicating a preference for carbohydrate as fuel.	Carbohydrates	82-94	growth hormone secretagogue receptor	Mus musculus	0-4
17621593-3	2007	Therefore, we have compared structures and saccharide-binding specificities of hITLN-1 and mITLN-1 using recombinant proteins produced by mammalian cells.	Carbohydrates	43-53	intelectin 1	Homo sapiens	79-86
28350444-4	2017	These findings allow for integration of MS2 with ion mobility spectrometry (IM-MS2) and lead to a strategy to distinguish alpha- and beta-linkages within natural underivatized carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	176-189	MS2	Homo sapiens	40-43
17652092-2	2007	Here we report the crystal structure of VIP36 exoplasmic/luminal domain comprising a carbohydrate recognition domain and a stalk domain.	Carbohydrates	85-97	lectin, mannose binding 2	Homo sapiens	40-45
18662691-0	2008	Induction of glucokinase in chicken liver by dietary carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	53-66	glucokinase	Gallus gallus	13-24
18662691-17	2008	Chicken liver GCK expression (mRNA and protein) and activity were therefore inducible in these chickens by feeding a meal with acute oral administration of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	156-168	glucokinase	Gallus gallus	14-17
18662691-18	2008	These and recent findings demonstrating insulin dependency of the liver GCK mRNA and protein strongly suggest that GCK may have an important role in carbohydrate metabolism, including that of the chicken.	Carbohydrates	149-161	glucokinase	Gallus gallus	72-75
18662691-18	2008	These and recent findings demonstrating insulin dependency of the liver GCK mRNA and protein strongly suggest that GCK may have an important role in carbohydrate metabolism, including that of the chicken.	Carbohydrates	149-161	glucokinase	Gallus gallus	115-118
28350444-4	2017	These findings allow for integration of MS2 with ion mobility spectrometry (IM-MS2) and lead to a strategy to distinguish alpha- and beta-linkages within natural underivatized carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	176-189	MS2	Homo sapiens	79-82
18310497-11	2008	It was further shown that feeding the diet providing the greatest amount of fermentable carbohydrates (diet HF1, which was high in soluble DF) resulted in significant morphological changes in the colon compared with the LF diet.	Carbohydrates	88-101	complement factor H	Sus scrofa	108-111
17643264-6	2007	By contrast, consumption of an LFD (i.e., high carbohydrate) increased hypothalamic AgRP and suppressed adipose leptin, which is consistent with the notion that leptin could regulate AgRP centrally.	Carbohydrates	47-59	leptin	Mus musculus	112-118
17643264-6	2007	By contrast, consumption of an LFD (i.e., high carbohydrate) increased hypothalamic AgRP and suppressed adipose leptin, which is consistent with the notion that leptin could regulate AgRP centrally.	Carbohydrates	47-59	leptin	Mus musculus	161-167
28196866-9	2017	SGLT2 inhibition prevented renal lipid accumulation via inhibition of carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein-beta, pyruvate kinase L, SCD-1, and DGAT1, key transcriptional factors and enzymes that mediate fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis.	Carbohydrates	70-82	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
18641190-9	2008	Hepatic mRNA expression of PAI-1 was positively associated with dietary intakes of carbohydrates (Spearman r = 0.67; P &lt; 0.01), glucose (Spearman r = 0.58; P &lt; 0.01), fructose (Spearman r = 0.58; P &lt; 0.01), and sucrose (Spearman r = 0.70; P &lt; 0.01).	Carbohydrates	83-96	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	27-32
28396658-11	2017	Insertions or deletions caused frame shifts in several genes including, phosphoglycerate kinase and the b subunit of pyruvate carboxylase that suggest modification of central and carbohydrate metabolism in response to aerobic growth.	Carbohydrates	179-191	phosphoglycerate kinase 2	Gallus gallus	72-95
18378220-1	2008	We describe the synthesis of sugar-fused beta-disubstituted gamma-butyrolactones, gamma-butyrolactams and a lipophilic beta-disubstituted GABA analogue as potential GABA receptor ligands, where the pharmacophore is engineered into the carbohydrate scaffold in the form of a C-fructoside.	Carbohydrates	235-247	GABA type A receptor-associated protein	Homo sapiens	165-178
17591965-0	2007	Overexpression of the cytotoxic T cell (CT) carbohydrate inhibits muscular dystrophy in the dyW mouse model of congenital muscular dystrophy 1A.	Carbohydrates	44-56	beta-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyl transferase 2	Mus musculus	32-39
17591965-6	2007	Galgt2 over-expression also stimulated the glycosylation of a gly-colipid with the CT carbohydrate, and glycolipids accounted for most of the CT-reactive material in postnatal overexpression experiments.	Carbohydrates	86-98	beta-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyl transferase 2	Mus musculus	0-6
18573506-0	2008	Higher expression of jejunal LPH gene in rats fed the high-carbohydrate/low-fat diet compared with those fed the low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet is associated with in vitro binding of Cdx-2 in nuclear proteins to its promoter regions.	Carbohydrates	59-71	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	29-32
28178326-2	2017	FGF19 is secreted and signals to the liver, where it contributes to the homeostasis of bile acid (BA), lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	113-125	fibroblast growth factor 15	Mus musculus	0-5
18573506-0	2008	Higher expression of jejunal LPH gene in rats fed the high-carbohydrate/low-fat diet compared with those fed the low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet is associated with in vitro binding of Cdx-2 in nuclear proteins to its promoter regions.	Carbohydrates	117-129	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	29-32
18573506-1	2008	It has been previously demonstrated that the expression of lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) and sucrase-isomaltase (SI) genes are higher in rats fed a high-carbohydrate/low-fat (HCT) diet than in those fed a low-carbohydrate/high-fat (LCT) diet.	Carbohydrates	157-169	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	59-86
18573506-1	2008	It has been previously demonstrated that the expression of lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) and sucrase-isomaltase (SI) genes are higher in rats fed a high-carbohydrate/low-fat (HCT) diet than in those fed a low-carbohydrate/high-fat (LCT) diet.	Carbohydrates	157-169	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	88-91
18573506-1	2008	It has been previously demonstrated that the expression of lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) and sucrase-isomaltase (SI) genes are higher in rats fed a high-carbohydrate/low-fat (HCT) diet than in those fed a low-carbohydrate/high-fat (LCT) diet.	Carbohydrates	157-169	sucrase-isomaltase	Rattus norvegicus	97-115
18573506-1	2008	It has been previously demonstrated that the expression of lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) and sucrase-isomaltase (SI) genes are higher in rats fed a high-carbohydrate/low-fat (HCT) diet than in those fed a low-carbohydrate/high-fat (LCT) diet.	Carbohydrates	213-225	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	59-86
18573506-1	2008	It has been previously demonstrated that the expression of lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) and sucrase-isomaltase (SI) genes are higher in rats fed a high-carbohydrate/low-fat (HCT) diet than in those fed a low-carbohydrate/high-fat (LCT) diet.	Carbohydrates	213-225	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	88-91
18573506-1	2008	It has been previously demonstrated that the expression of lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) and sucrase-isomaltase (SI) genes are higher in rats fed a high-carbohydrate/low-fat (HCT) diet than in those fed a low-carbohydrate/high-fat (LCT) diet.	Carbohydrates	213-225	sucrase-isomaltase	Rattus norvegicus	97-115
17554075-5	2007	Anomeric ratios and one-dimensional torsional surfaces generated by LCM and the even more efficient MP2/cc-pVTZ level of theory are in excellent agreement, indicating that the latter is suitable for force-field parameterization of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	231-244	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	100-103
17523619-0	2007	Characterization of the galectin-1 carbohydrate recognition domain in terms of solvent occupancy.	Carbohydrates	35-47	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	24-34
17523619-1	2007	Human galectin-1, a galactosil-terminal sugar binding soluble protein, is a potent multifunctional effector that participates in specific protein-carbohydrate and protein-protein interactions.	Carbohydrates	146-158	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	6-16
17523619-3	2007	In this work, we have investigated the solvation properties of the carbohydrate recognition domain of Gal-1 by means of molecular dynamics simulations.	Carbohydrates	67-79	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	102-107
27878313-9	2017	Through glucosuria, SGLT2 inhibitors reduce body weight and body fat, and shift substrate utilisation from carbohydrates to lipids and, possibly, ketone bodies.	Carbohydrates	107-120	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	20-25
17462622-1	2007	Polysialic acid (PSA) is a developmentally regulated carbohydrate attached to the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM).	Carbohydrates	53-65	neural cell adhesion molecule 1a	Danio rerio	113-117
17009044-4	2007	The kinetics of the carbohydrate-specific IgG response correlated with a temporary release of cytokines such as IFNgamma, IL-2, IL-1beta, TNFalpha and GM-CSF which was measurable in the immune serum by xMAP Multiplex technology.	Carbohydrates	20-32	interleukin-1 beta	Macaca mulatta	128-136
18434410-2	2008	One of the few broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies, 2G12, binds to a carbohydrate epitope consisting of an array of high-mannose glycans exposed on the surface of the gp120 subunit of the Env protein.	Carbohydrates	71-83	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	169-174
28637949-3	2017	However, the action site of AITC on TRPV1 for increasing carbohydrate oxidation is unclear.	Carbohydrates	57-69	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	Gallus gallus	36-41
18582385-10	2008	More unexpectedly, several transcription factor genes, cell signaling genes, transport and detoxification genes, genes involved in cell wall carbohydrate metabolism and genes encoding cell wall proteins, were differentially expressed, and mostly over-expressed, in COMT-deficient plants.	Carbohydrates	141-153	caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase	Zea mays	265-269
17009044-4	2007	The kinetics of the carbohydrate-specific IgG response correlated with a temporary release of cytokines such as IFNgamma, IL-2, IL-1beta, TNFalpha and GM-CSF which was measurable in the immune serum by xMAP Multiplex technology.	Carbohydrates	20-32	colony stimulating factor 2	Macaca mulatta	151-157
17374851-1	2007	Glucokinase (GK) and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase (PFK-2)/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (FBP-2) are each powerful regulators of hepatic carbohydrate metabolism that have been reported to influence each other"s expression, activities, and cellular location.	Carbohydrates	130-142	6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3	Homo sapiens	47-52
18343222-5	2008	Our studies have established that key transcription factors, like PPARalpha, SREBP-1, ChREBP and MLX, are regulated by n-3 PUFA, which in turn control levels of proteins involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	192-204	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	66-75
28637949-7	2017	Thus, we hypothesized that the increase of carbohydrate oxidation by AITC in mammals is induced by the binding of AITC to the capsaicin-binding site of TRPV1.	Carbohydrates	43-55	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	Gallus gallus	152-157
18343222-5	2008	Our studies have established that key transcription factors, like PPARalpha, SREBP-1, ChREBP and MLX, are regulated by n-3 PUFA, which in turn control levels of proteins involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	192-204	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	77-84
18343222-5	2008	Our studies have established that key transcription factors, like PPARalpha, SREBP-1, ChREBP and MLX, are regulated by n-3 PUFA, which in turn control levels of proteins involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	192-204	MAX dimerization protein MLX	Homo sapiens	97-100
27878243-8	2017	Furthermore, the knockout of AKT1, AKT2 or both, resulted in a reduction in lactate and alanine, suggesting that the metabolism of carbohydrates and glutathione was impaired.	Carbohydrates	131-144	AKT serine/threonine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	35-39
17605314-1	2007	The effect of insulin on the regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase C (PEPCK-C) gene transcription, while pivotal for control of carbohydrate metabolism, constitutes only a small part of its overall action in cellular processes.	Carbohydrates	138-150	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Homo sapiens	43-78
18431515-0	2008	Ablation of GalNAc-4-sulfotransferase-1 enhances reproduction by altering the carbohydrate structures of luteinizing hormone in mice.	Carbohydrates	78-90	carbohydrate sulfotransferase 8	Mus musculus	12-39
17605314-1	2007	The effect of insulin on the regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase C (PEPCK-C) gene transcription, while pivotal for control of carbohydrate metabolism, constitutes only a small part of its overall action in cellular processes.	Carbohydrates	138-150	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Homo sapiens	80-87
28494724-2	2017	It is well established that CLRs, such as Dectin-1, Dectin-2, Dectin-3 and Mincle recognize the cell wall component from the infected microorganisms by using their carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD).	Carbohydrates	164-176	C-type lectin domain containing 6A	Homo sapiens	52-60
29187714-6	2017	Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis suggested that ASWS is a complex carbohydrate, consisting of alpha-1,3-glucan, beta-1,3-glucan, galactomannan, and protein.	Carbohydrates	69-81	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 beta 2 pseudogene 2	Homo sapiens	115-123
17439143-2	2007	Trienzyme extraction is a combined enzymatic digestion by protease, alpha-amylase, and conjugase (gamma-glutamyl hydrolase) to liberate the carbohydrate and protein-bound folates from food matrices for total folate analysis.	Carbohydrates	140-152	gamma-glutamyl hydrolase	Homo sapiens	98-122
18325979-0	2008	Role of leptin in the regulation of growth and carbohydrate metabolism in the ovine fetus during late gestation.	Carbohydrates	47-59	leptin	Ovis aries	8-14
27732771-14	2016	Conclusion The carbohydrate determinants expressed on VWF regulate susceptibility to proteolysis by ADAMTS-13.	Carbohydrates	15-27	Von Willebrand factor	Mus musculus	54-57
17698636-1	2008	Human Dectin-1 (hDectin-1) is a member of the C-type lectin-like receptor family that was shown to be the major receptor for fungal beta-glucans and to play an important role in the cellular responses mediated by these carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	219-232	C-type lectin domain containing 7A	Homo sapiens	6-14
17698636-1	2008	Human Dectin-1 (hDectin-1) is a member of the C-type lectin-like receptor family that was shown to be the major receptor for fungal beta-glucans and to play an important role in the cellular responses mediated by these carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	219-232	C-type lectin domain containing 7A	Homo sapiens	16-25
17364145-3	2007	Recently, we reported that a lectin, galectin-1, is expressed on adult NSCs and promotes their proliferation through its carbohydrate-binding ability.	Carbohydrates	121-133	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	37-47
26857650-1	2016	AIM: Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a member of the calcium-dependent collectin family involved in the innate immune system that mediates phagocytosis and activates complement by binding to carbohydrate motifs.	Carbohydrates	191-203	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	5-27
17442954-1	2007	Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is an oligomeric lectin that binds neutral carbohydrates on pathogens, forms complexes with MBL-associated serine proteases (MASP)-1, -2, and -3 and 19-kDa MBL-associated protein (MAp19), and triggers the complement lectin pathway through activation of MASP-2.	Carbohydrates	71-84	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-21
17442954-1	2007	Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is an oligomeric lectin that binds neutral carbohydrates on pathogens, forms complexes with MBL-associated serine proteases (MASP)-1, -2, and -3 and 19-kDa MBL-associated protein (MAp19), and triggers the complement lectin pathway through activation of MASP-2.	Carbohydrates	71-84	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	23-26
17496119-12	2007	UGE2 and UGE4 influence growth and cell wall carbohydrate biosynthesis throughout the plant, UGE3 is specialized for pollen development, and UGE1 and UGE5 might act in stress situations.	Carbohydrates	45-57	NAD(P)-binding Rossmann-fold superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	9-13
18272523-6	2008	A detailed comparison of the available CD-MPR structures reveals the positional invariability of specific binding pocket residues and implicates intermonomer contact(s), as well as the protonation state of Man-6-P, as regulators of pH-dependent carbohydrate binding.	Carbohydrates	245-257	mannose-6-phosphate receptor, cation dependent	Homo sapiens	39-45
26857650-1	2016	AIM: Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a member of the calcium-dependent collectin family involved in the innate immune system that mediates phagocytosis and activates complement by binding to carbohydrate motifs.	Carbohydrates	191-203	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	29-32
18387196-11	2008	One transcription factor, HAT22 appears to be a regulatory "hub" in the cli186 network as it shows regulatory connections linking a metabolic network of genes involved in "amino acid metabolism", "C-compound/carbohydrate metabolism" and "glycolysis/gluconeogenesis".	Carbohydrates	208-220	Homeobox-leucine zipper protein family	Arabidopsis thaliana	26-31
27490779-9	2016	Swertiamarin effectively modulated PPAR-alpha, a major potential regulator of carbohydrate metabolism which, in turn, decreased the levels of the gluconeogenic enzyme PEPCK, further restricting hepatic glucose production and fatty acid synthesis.	Carbohydrates	78-90	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	35-45
17984174-3	2008	Galectin-1 binds to human platelets in a carbohydrate-dependent manner and synergizes with ADP or thrombin to induce platelet aggregation and ATP release.	Carbohydrates	41-53	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
17252234-0	2007	Association of the Rv0679c protein with lipids and carbohydrates in Mycobacterium tuberculosis/Mycobacterium bovis BCG.	Carbohydrates	51-64	hypothetical protein	Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv	19-26
17352819-11	2007	Key contact sites for xenoantibody/carbohydrate interaction for VH3 family xenoantibodies include amino acids in sites 31, 33, 50, 57, 58 and the CDR3 region of the IgVH gene.	Carbohydrates	35-47	immunoglobulin heavy variable 3-75 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	64-67
17206613-2	2007	The enzymes alpha(1,3)galactosyltransferase (1,3GT) and isoglobotriaosylceramide synthase (iGb3S) synthesize the galactose-alpha(1,3)-galactose group, which is the most common carbohydrate containing terminal alpha-galactose.	Carbohydrates	176-188	alpha 1,3-galactosyltransferase 2	Rattus norvegicus	56-89
18223086-1	2008	CcpA globally regulates transcription in response to carbohydrate availability in many gram-positive bacteria, but its role in Streptococcus mutans remains enigmatic.	Carbohydrates	53-65	catabolite control protein A	Streptococcus mutans UA159	0-4
27060243-5	2016	Soluble protein and carbohydrate at mesotherm was 2.63-folds as that at microtherm due to higher activities of protease and alpha-glucosidase, guaranteeing efficient substrates to produce SCFAs.	Carbohydrates	20-32	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	124-141
18223086-6	2008	Overall, our results supported the hypothesis that CcpA has a major role in CCR and regulation of gene expression but revealed that in S. mutans there is a substantial CcpA-independent network that regulates gene expression in response to the carbohydrate source.	Carbohydrates	243-255	catabolite control protein A	Streptococcus mutans UA159	51-55
18223086-6	2008	Overall, our results supported the hypothesis that CcpA has a major role in CCR and regulation of gene expression but revealed that in S. mutans there is a substantial CcpA-independent network that regulates gene expression in response to the carbohydrate source.	Carbohydrates	243-255	catabolite control protein A	Streptococcus mutans UA159	168-172
18556967-7	2008	CIR patients had higher RQ, REE corrected by BMI, AIR, and carbohydrate oxidation and lower fat oxidation than NIS and DIR patients.	Carbohydrates	59-71	corepressor interacting with RBPJ, CIR1	Homo sapiens	0-3
17206613-2	2007	The enzymes alpha(1,3)galactosyltransferase (1,3GT) and isoglobotriaosylceramide synthase (iGb3S) synthesize the galactose-alpha(1,3)-galactose group, which is the most common carbohydrate containing terminal alpha-galactose.	Carbohydrates	176-188	alpha 1,3-galactosyltransferase 2	Rattus norvegicus	91-96
26808470-1	2016	Free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2), also known as GPR43, is activated by short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that are mainly produced by the gut microbiota through the fermentation of undigested carbohydrates and dietary fibers.	Carbohydrates	190-203	free fatty acid receptor 2	Cricetulus griseus	0-26
17095217-3	2007	On-bead screening with fluorescently labelled galectin-1 and -3 yielded a series of lead structures, whose inhibitory activity on carbohydrate-dependent galectin binding was tested in solution by solid-phase and cell assays.	Carbohydrates	130-142	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	46-63
18287491-5	2008	A comparative transcriptome analysis of wild-type and bt2-H2328 kernels at middevelopment (35 DAP) with the 18K GeneChip Maize Genome Array led to the conclusion that the lack of Bt2-encoded AGPase triggers large-scale changes on the transcriptional level that concern mainly genes involved in carbohydrate or amino acid metabolic pathways.	Carbohydrates	294-306	Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase small subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic/cytosolic	Zea mays	179-182
26808470-1	2016	Free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2), also known as GPR43, is activated by short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that are mainly produced by the gut microbiota through the fermentation of undigested carbohydrates and dietary fibers.	Carbohydrates	190-203	free fatty acid receptor 2	Cricetulus griseus	28-32
27002402-6	2016	Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction of a subset of genes involved in photosynthesis, stress response, carbohydrate metabolism, and cell protection further verified that AtDREB1B could enhance tolerance to drought by activating different downstream DREB/CBF genes in the transgenic plants.	Carbohydrates	115-127	C-repeat/DRE binding factor 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	182-190
18212714-0	2008	Relationships between leptin levels and carbohydrate intake during rowing training.	Carbohydrates	40-52	leptin	Homo sapiens	22-28
17141815-11	2007	Carbohydrate chains of 18 monosaccharide residues can be attached to the oleanane skeleton, most commonly at the C3 and/or C17 atom.	Carbohydrates	0-12	cytokine like 1	Homo sapiens	123-126
27197693-6	2016	These results indicated that there might be a possible new carbohydrate binding site on dectin-1.	Carbohydrates	59-71	C-type lectin domain containing 7A	Homo sapiens	88-96
16919855-6	2007	This finding suggests that carbohydrate is important for the immunogenicity of the S318-510 protein fragment and provide useful information for designing an effective and safe SARS subunit vaccine.	Carbohydrates	27-39	seryl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	176-180
18218972-0	2008	Tie-dyed2 functions with tie-dyed1 to promote carbohydrate export from maize leaves.	Carbohydrates	46-58	callose synthase	Zea mays	0-9
27253379-2	2016	Based on our recent finding that the host factor p21 regulates HIV transcription during antiretroviral therapy (ART), and published data demonstrating that the human carbohydrate-binding immunomodulatory protein galectin-9 regulates p21, we hypothesized that galectin-9 modulates HIV transcription.	Carbohydrates	166-178	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	49-52
18271619-12	2008	Using salivary and carbohydrate-binding assays, we showed that GII.4 VLP-carbohydrate ligand binding patterns have changed over time and include carbohydrates regulated by the human FUT2 and FUT3 pathways, suggesting that strain sensitivity to human susceptibility alleles will vary.	Carbohydrates	73-85	fucosyltransferase 3 (Lewis blood group)	Homo sapiens	191-195
16940423-3	2007	Here we show that several members of the human galectin family of glycan binding proteins (galectins-1, -2, and -4) induce PS exposure in a carbohydrate-dependent fashion in activated, but not resting, human neutrophils and in several leukocyte cell lines.	Carbohydrates	140-152	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	91-114
17907132-3	2007	This strategy enabled us to control the two stereogenic sites in the B ring (C-5 and C-6) and the regioselective introduction of the carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	133-145	complement C5	Homo sapiens	77-80
27253379-2	2016	Based on our recent finding that the host factor p21 regulates HIV transcription during antiretroviral therapy (ART), and published data demonstrating that the human carbohydrate-binding immunomodulatory protein galectin-9 regulates p21, we hypothesized that galectin-9 modulates HIV transcription.	Carbohydrates	166-178	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	233-236
19287147-6	2008	A direct outcome of C4 CNV is the generation of two classes of polymorphic proteins, C4A and C4B, with differential chemical reactivities towards peptide or carbohydrate antigens, and a range of C4 plasma protein concentrations (from 15 to 70 mg/dl) among healthy subjects.	Carbohydrates	157-169	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	85-96
26933169-3	2016	Studies in the 1990s indicated that E-selectin, an endothelial lectin that binds sialofucosylated carbohydrate determinants, is constitutively expressed on marrow microvessels, and investigations in my laboratory indicated that human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) uniquely express high levels of a specialized glycoform of CD44 called "hematopoietic cell E-/L-selectin ligand" (HCELL) that functions as a highly potent E-selectin ligand.	Carbohydrates	98-110	selectin E	Homo sapiens	36-46
27038876-7	2016	A significant improvement was observed upon the administration of russelioside B on the activities of the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism (glucokinase, glucose-6-phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and glycogen phosphorylase) in the liver of diabetic rats.	Carbohydrates	121-133	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	159-180
18335580-0	2008	Effects of continuous low-carbohydrate diet after long-term exercise on GLUT-4 protein content in rat skeletal muscle.	Carbohydrates	26-38	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	72-78
18220757-0	2007	Glycosylation of HIV-1 gp120 V3 loop: towards the rational design of a synthetic carbohydrate vaccine.	Carbohydrates	81-93	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	23-28
18335580-2	2008	The present study examined the chronic effects of a continuous low-carbohydrate diet after long-term exercise on GLUT-4 protein content, glycogen content, AMPK, and insulin signaling in skeletal muscle.	Carbohydrates	67-79	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	113-119
27188441-9	2016	Moreover, BTG1 transgenic mice were resistant to liver steatosis induced by a high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	83-95	BTG anti-proliferation factor 1	Mus musculus	10-14
18335580-8	2008	Taken together, we suggest that the maintenance of glycogen depletion after exercise by continuous low carbohydrate diet results in the increment of the GLUT-4 protein content in skeletal muscle.	Carbohydrates	103-115	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	153-159
17910894-2	2008	This carbohydrate moiety expressed on mucin-like surface glycoproteins, including P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 and CD43, confers binding activity to dermal endothelial E-selectin and is critical for T-cell recruitment to the skin.	Carbohydrates	5-17	selectin P ligand	Homo sapiens	82-114
17910894-2	2008	This carbohydrate moiety expressed on mucin-like surface glycoproteins, including P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 and CD43, confers binding activity to dermal endothelial E-selectin and is critical for T-cell recruitment to the skin.	Carbohydrates	5-17	selectin E	Homo sapiens	172-182
17284923-11	2007	CONCLUSION: The serum leptin concentration decreased due to the 3-month intervention with low-fat and low-carbohydrate diets, without changes in other adipocytokines.	Carbohydrates	106-118	leptin	Homo sapiens	22-28
17284923-12	2007	The decrease in leptin and CRP levels were higher with a low-carbohydrate diet than a low-fat diet.	Carbohydrates	61-73	leptin	Homo sapiens	16-22
26861783-7	2016	We conclude that by shunting substantial amounts of carbohydrate into urine, SGLT2-mediated glycosuria results in a progressive shift in fuel utilization toward fatty substrates.	Carbohydrates	52-64	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	77-82
17065154-1	2006	The farnesoid X receptor (FXR, NR1H4) is a bile acid-responsive nuclear receptor that plays critical roles in the transcriptional regulation genes involved in cholesterol, bile acid, triglyceride, and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	201-213	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4	Rattus norvegicus	26-29
17065154-1	2006	The farnesoid X receptor (FXR, NR1H4) is a bile acid-responsive nuclear receptor that plays critical roles in the transcriptional regulation genes involved in cholesterol, bile acid, triglyceride, and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	201-213	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4	Rattus norvegicus	31-36
18091362-1	2007	BACKGROUND: We have searched for a possible association of the genetic polymorphism of Phosphoglucomutase locus 1 (PGM1), a key enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism, with body mass.	Carbohydrates	138-150	phosphoglucomutase 1	Homo sapiens	87-113
18091362-1	2007	BACKGROUND: We have searched for a possible association of the genetic polymorphism of Phosphoglucomutase locus 1 (PGM1), a key enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism, with body mass.	Carbohydrates	138-150	phosphoglucomutase 1	Homo sapiens	115-119
26826289-1	2016	The objective of the present study is to elucidate the long-term effects of anti-hyperglycemic active principle, Mcy protein (MCP), isolated from the fruits of Momordica cymbalaria on carbohydrate metabolism and oxidative stress in experimental diabetic rats.	Carbohydrates	184-196	CD46 molecule	Rattus norvegicus	126-129
18045475-0	2007	Carbohydrate restriction and dietary cholesterol modulate the expression of HMG-CoA reductase and the LDL receptor in mononuclear cells from adult men.	Carbohydrates	0-12	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase	Homo sapiens	76-93
18045475-0	2007	Carbohydrate restriction and dietary cholesterol modulate the expression of HMG-CoA reductase and the LDL receptor in mononuclear cells from adult men.	Carbohydrates	0-12	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	102-114
18045475-5	2007	The purpose was to evaluate the effect of dietary carbohydrate restriction with low and high cholesterol content on HMG-CoA reductase and LDL-r mRNA expression in mononuclear cells.	Carbohydrates	50-62	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase	Homo sapiens	116-133
18045475-5	2007	The purpose was to evaluate the effect of dietary carbohydrate restriction with low and high cholesterol content on HMG-CoA reductase and LDL-r mRNA expression in mononuclear cells.	Carbohydrates	50-62	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	138-143
17049498-1	2006	A tetrasaccharide, alpha-l-Rhap-(1--&gt;3)-beta-d-GalpNAc-(1--&gt;6)-alpha-d-Galp-(1--&gt;2)-alpha-d-Galp, the carbohydrate moiety of clarhamnoside isolated from the marine sponge Agelas clathrodes, was synthesized as its propyl glycoside via a convergent approach.	Carbohydrates	111-123	galanin like peptide	Homo sapiens	50-54
17049498-1	2006	A tetrasaccharide, alpha-l-Rhap-(1--&gt;3)-beta-d-GalpNAc-(1--&gt;6)-alpha-d-Galp-(1--&gt;2)-alpha-d-Galp, the carbohydrate moiety of clarhamnoside isolated from the marine sponge Agelas clathrodes, was synthesized as its propyl glycoside via a convergent approach.	Carbohydrates	111-123	galanin like peptide	Homo sapiens	77-81
17139091-7	2006	Unlike in other GH 32 family enzyme structures known to date, in AtcwINV1 the cleft formed between both domains is blocked by Asn299-linked carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	140-153	Glycosyl hydrolases family 32 protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	65-73
26826289-3	2016	Our studies showed that MCP (2.5mg/kg.b.w) treatment significantly normalized the deranged activities of critical carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes, hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bis phosphatase.	Carbohydrates	114-126	CD46 molecule	Rattus norvegicus	24-27
26826289-7	2016	Our findings suggest MCP regulates blood glucose and better manage diabetes mellitus associated complications by regulating carbohydrate metabolism and by protecting from the deleterious effects of oxidative stress.	Carbohydrates	124-136	CD46 molecule	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
17873278-2	2007	The formation of glycosylated hydroxylysines is catalyzed by multifunctional lysyl hydroxylase 3 (LH3) in vivo, and we have used LH3-manipulated mice and cells as models to study the function of these carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	201-214	procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 3	Mus musculus	77-96
17873278-2	2007	The formation of glycosylated hydroxylysines is catalyzed by multifunctional lysyl hydroxylase 3 (LH3) in vivo, and we have used LH3-manipulated mice and cells as models to study the function of these carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	201-214	procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 3	Mus musculus	98-101
27010847-3	2016	Analysis of the crystal CGL structures bound to galactose, galactosamine, and globotriose Gb3 indicated that each CGL can bind three ligands through a carbohydrate-binding motif involving an extensive histidine- and water-mediated hydrogen bond network.	Carbohydrates	151-163	alpha 1,4-galactosyltransferase (P blood group)	Homo sapiens	90-93
17949112-8	2007	The prepared surfaces were first tested in a flow chamber by flowing microspheres functionalized with a cell surface carbohydrate (sialyl Lewis(x)) that binds to P-selectin.	Carbohydrates	117-129	selectin P	Homo sapiens	162-172
17178566-4	2006	Microbial carbohydrate structures are recognized by pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) receptors of innate immunity including C-type lectins such as MBL, the tandem-repeat-type macrophage mannose receptor, DC-SIGN or dectin-1 of dendritic cells, certain TLRS or the TCR of NKT cells.	Carbohydrates	10-22	C-type lectin domain containing 7A	Homo sapiens	227-235
17035350-4	2006	Interestingly, our data suggest that TNF contributes, through lectin-saccharide interaction, to the secretion of IL-6 and NO induced by CCF.	Carbohydrates	69-79	paired like homeodomain 1	Homo sapiens	136-139
25817945-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Patients receiving a carbohydrate drink (CHO) before major abdominal surgery display improved insulin sensitivity postoperatively and increased proteolysis of IGFBP-3 (IGFBP-3-PA) compared to patients undergoing similar surgery after overnight fasting.	Carbohydrates	33-45	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	171-178
17652359-9	2007	The disruption in Polycose, but not starch, preference in Gust KO mice indicates that distinct sensory signaling pathways mediate the response to these carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	152-165	glucuronidase, beta	Mus musculus	58-62
17581114-10	2007	Feeding studies confirmed that both acn2 and cts-1 mutants were compromised in their ability to convert radiolabelled acetate into soluble carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	139-151	peroxisomal ABC transporter 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	36-40
25817945-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Patients receiving a carbohydrate drink (CHO) before major abdominal surgery display improved insulin sensitivity postoperatively and increased proteolysis of IGFBP-3 (IGFBP-3-PA) compared to patients undergoing similar surgery after overnight fasting.	Carbohydrates	33-45	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	180-190
17581114-10	2007	Feeding studies confirmed that both acn2 and cts-1 mutants were compromised in their ability to convert radiolabelled acetate into soluble carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	139-151	peroxisomal ABC transporter 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	45-48
17041031-4	2006	The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) MUR10 gene is required for normal primary cell wall carbohydrate composition in mature leaves as well as for normal plant growth, hypocotyl strength, and fertility.	Carbohydrates	91-103	Cellulose synthase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	39-44
27001729-1	2016	A new class of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) from HIV donors has been reported to target the glycans on gp120--a glycoprotein found on the surface of the virus envelope--thus renewing hope of developing carbohydrate-based HIV vaccines.	Carbohydrates	213-225	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	114-119
17476502-3	2007	(2S,3R)-HCA inhibits pancreatic alpha-amylase and intestinal alpha-glucosidase, leading to a reduction in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	106-118	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	21-45
26773038-3	2016	Glycosylation at N1574 has previously been suggested to modulate VWF A2 domain interaction with ADAMTS13 through steric hindrance by the bulky carbohydrate structure.	Carbohydrates	143-155	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 13	Homo sapiens	96-104
17476502-3	2007	(2S,3R)-HCA inhibits pancreatic alpha-amylase and intestinal alpha-glucosidase, leading to a reduction in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	106-118	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	61-78
17535296-0	2007	Tumor suppressor p16INK4a--modulator of glycomic profile and galectin-1 expression to increase susceptibility to carbohydrate-dependent induction of anoikis in pancreatic carcinoma cells.	Carbohydrates	113-125	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	61-71
26862173-5	2016	We found that rate-limiting mitochondrial enzymes that process lipids and carbohydrates accumulate in a diurnal manner and are dependent on the clock proteins PER1/2.	Carbohydrates	74-87	period circadian clock 1	Mus musculus	159-165
17340198-0	2007	Structural differences between the putative carbohydrate-recognition domains of human IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-1 receptor antagonist obtained by in silico modeling.	Carbohydrates	44-56	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	86-96
17340198-0	2007	Structural differences between the putative carbohydrate-recognition domains of human IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-1 receptor antagonist obtained by in silico modeling.	Carbohydrates	44-56	interleukin 1 receptor antagonist	Homo sapiens	112-136
17340198-2	2007	J Biol Chem 276 (2001) 5685-5691), it was established that biologically active recombinant human IL-1alpha and IL-1beta had different carbohydrate-binding properties.	Carbohydrates	134-146	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	97-106
26757357-4	2016	Glycodelin-A interacts by its unique carbohydrate side chains with the cell surface of various cell types in the human fetomaternal interface, particularly the trophoblasts and the immune cells, and modulates their functions and differentiation to permit successful pregnancy.	Carbohydrates	37-49	progestagen associated endometrial protein	Homo sapiens	0-12
17363744-3	2007	Adipose tissue plays a critical role in the antagonistic effects of growth hormone (GH) on insulin actions on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism through changes in gene transcription.	Carbohydrates	110-122	growth hormone	Mus musculus	68-82
17363744-3	2007	Adipose tissue plays a critical role in the antagonistic effects of growth hormone (GH) on insulin actions on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism through changes in gene transcription.	Carbohydrates	110-122	growth hormone	Mus musculus	84-86
26855496-2	2016	The present study was conducted to evaluate the association of leptin-an adipokine playing an important role in carbohydrate metabolism and markers of insulin resistance among women with PCOS.	Carbohydrates	112-124	leptin	Homo sapiens	63-69
26855496-9	2016	This study highlights the role of leptin in alterations in carbohydrate metabolism in patients with PCOS.	Carbohydrates	59-71	leptin	Homo sapiens	34-40
17339281-0	2007	Affinity of galectin-8 and its carbohydrate recognition domains for ligands in solution and at the cell surface.	Carbohydrates	31-43	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	12-22
17339281-1	2007	Galectin-8 has two different carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs), the N-terminal Gal-8N and the C-terminal Gal-8C linked by a peptide, and has various effects on cell adhesion and signaling.	Carbohydrates	29-41	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	0-10
26933443-2	2016	We showed previously that mice with genetically inactivated Acads, encoding short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD), shift food consumption away from fat and toward carbohydrate when tested in a macronutrient choice paradigm.	Carbohydrates	167-179	acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, short chain	Mus musculus	76-110
17251309-11	2007	The display of alternative carbohydrate structures on GCase expressed in these systems also runs the risk of undesirable consequences, such as an increase in MBL binding or a possible increase in immunogenicity due to the presentation of non-mammalian glycans.	Carbohydrates	27-39	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	158-161
26611567-4	2016	DC-SIGN binds mannose or fucose-containing carbohydrates from viral proteins such as the HIV envelope glycoprotein gp120.	Carbohydrates	43-56	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	115-120
17259190-5	2007	Thus, the algal lectin was strictly specific for HM N-glycans and recognized the extended carbohydrate structure with a minimum size of the pentasaccharide, Man(alpha1-3)Man(alpha1-6)Man(beta1-4)GlcNAc(beta1-4) GlcNAc.	Carbohydrates	90-102	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	161-169
17259190-5	2007	Thus, the algal lectin was strictly specific for HM N-glycans and recognized the extended carbohydrate structure with a minimum size of the pentasaccharide, Man(alpha1-3)Man(alpha1-6)Man(beta1-4)GlcNAc(beta1-4) GlcNAc.	Carbohydrates	90-102	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	174-182
26731606-3	2016	Loss-of-function mutants of two arabinogalactan-protein (AGP)-specific galactosyltransferases namely, GALT2 and GALT5, confer pleiotropic growth and development phenotypes indicating the important contributions of carbohydrate moieties towards AGP function.	Carbohydrates	214-226	Galactosyltransferase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	102-107
17336855-2	2007	Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors delay intestinal absorption of carbohydrates and reduce postprandial glycemia.	Carbohydrates	60-73	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	0-17
26446372-8	2016	Catalase activity was significantly lower in flies fed on diets with 10% carbohydrates compared to flies on 2% carbohydrate diets.	Carbohydrates	73-86	Catalase	Drosophila melanogaster	0-8
17253773-8	2007	This is the first detailed report showing a direct association between GM1 and alpha-synuclein, which is attributed to specific interaction between helical alpha-synuclein and both the sialic acid and carbohydrate moieties of GM1.	Carbohydrates	201-213	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	79-94
17253773-8	2007	This is the first detailed report showing a direct association between GM1 and alpha-synuclein, which is attributed to specific interaction between helical alpha-synuclein and both the sialic acid and carbohydrate moieties of GM1.	Carbohydrates	201-213	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	156-171
17115886-6	2007	Thioredoxin and binding proteins (ASK1 and TBP2) appear to control apoptosis or metabolic states such as carbohydrate and lipid metabolism related to diseases such as diabetes and atherosclerosis.	Carbohydrates	105-117	thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	0-11
17115886-6	2007	Thioredoxin and binding proteins (ASK1 and TBP2) appear to control apoptosis or metabolic states such as carbohydrate and lipid metabolism related to diseases such as diabetes and atherosclerosis.	Carbohydrates	105-117	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5	Homo sapiens	34-38
26446372-8	2016	Catalase activity was significantly lower in flies fed on diets with 10% carbohydrates compared to flies on 2% carbohydrate diets.	Carbohydrates	73-85	Catalase	Drosophila melanogaster	0-8
27050729-3	2016	To further explore this phenotype, we examined whether tis7 also regulates amino acid and carbohydrate absorption.	Carbohydrates	90-102	interferon-related developmental regulator 1	Mus musculus	55-59
18067683-5	2007	Transcriptional profiling indicated that the expression of specific genes was altered by MnSOD in a manner opposite to their pattern during normal aging, revealing a set of candidate biomarkers of aging enriched for carbohydrate metabolism and electron transport genes and suggesting a true delay in physiological aging, rather than a novel phenotype.	Carbohydrates	216-228	Superoxide dismutase 2 (Mn)	Drosophila melanogaster	89-94
26373802-5	2016	In contrast, triglyceride content in differentiated BMSCs or 3T3-L1 cells was suppressed as a result of membrane ER-alpha signaling through several kinases to inhibit carbohydrate response element-binding protein-alpha and -beta.	Carbohydrates	167-179	estrogen receptor 1 (alpha)	Mus musculus	113-121
17389765-2	2007	Members of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family of nuclear receptors are involved in the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	137-149	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	15-57
17389765-2	2007	Members of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family of nuclear receptors are involved in the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	137-149	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	59-63
29537208-4	2016	The revealed change of EMAP-II serum level reflects an endothelial dysfunction in type 1 diabetes, alteration of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism could influence of this pathway.	Carbohydrates	113-125	aminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex interacting multifunctional protein 1	Homo sapiens	23-30
16800817-0	2006	Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4alpha contributes to carbohydrate-induced transcriptional activation of hepatic fatty acid synthase.	Carbohydrates	48-60	hepatocyte nuclear factor 4, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	0-32
16901901-0	2006	Laforin, a dual specificity phosphatase that dephosphorylates complex carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	70-83	EPM2A glucan phosphatase, laforin	Homo sapiens	0-7
16901901-4	2006	Surprisingly, we find that laforin displays robust phosphatase activity against a phosphorylated complex carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	105-117	EPM2A glucan phosphatase, laforin	Homo sapiens	27-34
26453307-1	2016	MTORC2-AKT is a key regulator of carbohydrate metabolism and insulin signaling due to its effects on FOXO1 phosphorylation.	Carbohydrates	33-45	forkhead box O1	Mus musculus	101-106
16901901-6	2006	Finally, fusing the carbohydrate-binding module of laforin to the dual specific phosphatase VHR does not result in the ability of this phosphatase to dephosphorylate polysaccharides.	Carbohydrates	20-32	EPM2A glucan phosphatase, laforin	Homo sapiens	51-58
26453307-2	2016	Interestingly, both FOXO1 and thyroid hormone (TH) have similar effects on carbohydrate and energy metabolism as well as overlapping transcriptional regulation of many target genes.	Carbohydrates	75-87	forkhead box O1	Mus musculus	20-25
26122626-4	2016	As association with lipid rafts influences the intracellular transport and the enzyme activities of sucrase-isomaltase and maltase-glucoamylase, these data explain reduced carbohydrate digestion in the intestinal lumen and delineate the effect of deficient cholesterol and sphingolipid homeostasis in development of gastrointestinal symptoms in NPC patients.	Carbohydrates	172-184	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	100-118
16930583-5	2006	Here, we present evidence that the interactions of L-selectin with its carbohydrate ligands, a specialized adhesion system that is activated by shear stress, play an important role.	Carbohydrates	71-83	selectin L	Homo sapiens	51-61
26671069-6	2015	Specifically, AM251 blocked high-carbohydrate diet (HCD)-induced expression of GPI, TPI, Eno3 and LDHa, suggesting a down-regulation of glucose/pyruvate/lactate pathways under glucose availability.	Carbohydrates	33-45	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
16930583-6	2006	CTBs in cell columns, particularly near the distal ends, stained brightly for L-selectin and with the TRA-1-81 antibody, which recognizes carbohydrate epitopes that support binding of L-selectin chimeras in vitro.	Carbohydrates	138-150	phospholipid scramblase 4	Homo sapiens	102-107
16930583-6	2006	CTBs in cell columns, particularly near the distal ends, stained brightly for L-selectin and with the TRA-1-81 antibody, which recognizes carbohydrate epitopes that support binding of L-selectin chimeras in vitro.	Carbohydrates	138-150	selectin L	Homo sapiens	184-194
26671069-6	2015	Specifically, AM251 blocked high-carbohydrate diet (HCD)-induced expression of GPI, TPI, Eno3 and LDHa, suggesting a down-regulation of glucose/pyruvate/lactate pathways under glucose availability.	Carbohydrates	33-45	triosephosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	84-87
25534879-6	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative carbohydrate supplementation was found to ameliorate postoperative insulin sensitivity by reducing muscle inflammatory responses and improved insulin inhibition of FOXO1-mediated PDK4 mRNA and protein expression after surgery.	Carbohydrates	26-38	forkhead box O1	Sus scrofa	190-195
16968414-5	2006	PPARs, and in particular PPARalpha and PPARgamma, are well known for their critical role in the regulation of energy homeostasis by controlling expression of a variety of genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	199-211	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	25-34
26604369-5	2015	PC1 accounted for 48.34 % of data variance was characterized by protein content, firmness, work of shear, body &amp; texture and opposed by total carbohydrates, stickiness, syneresis and work of adhesion.	Carbohydrates	146-159	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
26493049-1	2015	The inhibition of alpha-glucosidase and glucose-6-phosphatase, two enzymes involved in the carbohydrate metabolism, is an important target to control glycaemia on individuals with type 2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	91-103	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-61
17004039-8	2006	Insulin has numerous roles in metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.	Carbohydrates	44-57	insulin	Bos taurus	0-7
16713643-0	2006	Intracerebroventricular injection of neuropeptide Y modifies carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in chicks.	Carbohydrates	61-73	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	37-51
16713643-6	2006	In summary, the present study demonstrated that central NPY modifies peripheral carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in chicks.	Carbohydrates	80-92	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	56-59
16947066-3	2006	The pig oviductal protein, sperm binding glycoprotein (SBG), binds to sperm and exposes carbohydrate groups that can be recognized by AQN-1.	Carbohydrates	88-100	carbohydrate-binding protein AQN-1	Sus scrofa	134-139
26180106-1	2015	OBJECTIVE: Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is a complement-activating carbohydrate-recognizing molecule associated with diabetic nephropathy.	Carbohydrates	66-78	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	11-32
16868247-1	2006	Galectin-8 and galectin-9, which each consist of two carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) joined by a linker peptide, belong to the tandem-repeat-type subclass of the galectin family.	Carbohydrates	53-65	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	0-10
16721788-4	2006	Expression and glycosylation state of EMMPRIN in human breast cancer cells were analyzed by Western blot analysis with monoclonal antibodies recognizing distinct carbohydrate structures and biochemical methods.	Carbohydrates	162-174	basigin (Ok blood group)	Homo sapiens	38-45
16901901-7	2006	Therefore, we hypothesize that laforin is unique in its ability to utilize a phosphorylated complex carbohydrate as a substrate and that this function may be necessary for the maintenance of normal cellular glycogen.	Carbohydrates	100-112	EPM2A glucan phosphatase, laforin	Homo sapiens	31-38
16982897-4	2006	The sequence of the cDNA encoding BmMBP revealed that it was a C-type lectin with two dissimilar carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRD1 and CRD2) distantly related to known insect C-type lectins.	Carbohydrates	97-109	C-type lectin 10	Bombyx mori	34-39
17190105-1	2006	It is postulated that dietary carbohydrates and thyroid hormones are major regulators for expression of the lactase/phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) gene in rat jejunum.	Carbohydrates	30-43	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	108-135
17190105-1	2006	It is postulated that dietary carbohydrates and thyroid hormones are major regulators for expression of the lactase/phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) gene in rat jejunum.	Carbohydrates	30-43	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	137-140
16799164-1	2006	AIMS: A combined index based on gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) measurements (GGT-CDT) has been recently suggested to improve the detection of excessive ethanol consumption.	Carbohydrates	68-80	gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3	Homo sapiens	123-126
16990992-2	2006	MBL recognizes microorganisms through surface carbohydrate structures.	Carbohydrates	46-58	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
16764994-0	2006	Deviation of carbohydrate metabolism by the SIT4 phosphatase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.	Carbohydrates	13-25	type 2A-related serine/threonine-protein phosphatase SIT4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	44-48
16764994-8	2006	Our findings suggest that inhibition of Sit4 activity may be essential for redirecting carbohydrate flux to gluconeogenesis and glycogen storage.	Carbohydrates	87-99	type 2A-related serine/threonine-protein phosphatase SIT4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	40-44
16518858-6	2006	As expected, binding of TAA90K to galectin-3 was dependent on carbohydrate since it was inhibitable by lactose and asiolofetuin, and a TAA90K-His glycoform purified from HT-29 cells treated with the glycosylation inhibitor 1-deoxymannojirimycin bound poorly to galectin-3.	Carbohydrates	62-74	galectin 3 binding protein	Homo sapiens	24-30
16888215-2	2006	This regulation is allowed by the presence, in the promotor of the rat GLR gene, of a sequence feature similar to the two E-boxes motifs constituting the carbohydrate response elements (ChoRE) described for several glycolytic and lipogenic enzyme genes.	Carbohydrates	154-166	glucagon receptor	Rattus norvegicus	71-74
16806808-1	2006	Here we show that maternal smoking downregulated, in a dose-dependent manner, cytotrophoblast expression of l-selectin and its TRA-1-81-reactive carbohydrate ligands.	Carbohydrates	145-157	selectin L	Homo sapiens	108-118
16806808-1	2006	Here we show that maternal smoking downregulated, in a dose-dependent manner, cytotrophoblast expression of l-selectin and its TRA-1-81-reactive carbohydrate ligands.	Carbohydrates	145-157	phospholipid scramblase 4	Homo sapiens	127-132
16819301-7	2006	Nine proteins, most of which were up-regulated (2-fold or more) in the ssa1/2 mutant, proved to be stress-inducible proteins such as molecular chaperones and anti-oxidant proteins, or proteins related to carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	204-216	Hsp70 family ATPase SSA1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	71-77
16794329-3	2006	Taken together, these results suggest that the inhibitory effect of PsEx on alpha-glucosidase activity might contribute to delay in carbohydrate digestion and subsequent lowering of the blood glucose level, thereby leading to prevention and cure of diabetes.	Carbohydrates	132-144	sucrase isomaltase (alpha-glucosidase)	Mus musculus	76-93
16501058-1	2006	Galectin-8, a member of the galectin family of mammalian lectins, is made of two carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs), joined by a "hinge" region.	Carbohydrates	81-93	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	0-10
16682780-0	2006	Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray characterization of the GRP carbohydrate-recognition domain from Homo sapiens.	Carbohydrates	92-104	galectin like	Homo sapiens	88-91
16642983-4	2006	Here, we describe how carbohydrates can be easily detected in the PNGase-treated samples and structurally investigated next to the peptides.	Carbohydrates	22-35	N-glycanase 1	Homo sapiens	66-72
16875041-12	2006	CONCLUSIONS: Favorable changes in leptin that accompany weight loss are not sustained in individuals who followed a low-carbohydrate diet for one year.	Carbohydrates	120-132	leptin	Homo sapiens	34-40
16452088-1	2006	O-GlcNAc is a widespread dynamic carbohydrate modification of cytosolic and nuclear proteins with features analogous to phosphorylation.	Carbohydrates	33-45	O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase	Homo sapiens	0-8
16380447-1	2006	We previously identified the carbohydrate determinant sialyl 6-sulfo Lewis X (Le(x)) as the major L-selectin ligand on high endothelial venules of peripheral lymph nodes.	Carbohydrates	29-41	selectin L	Homo sapiens	98-108
16407218-5	2006	We investigated the mechanism of formation of complexes between alpha2M and MBL and concluded that they form by the direct binding of oligomannose glycans Man(5-7) occupying Asn-846 on alpha2M to the lectin domains (carbohydrate recognition domains) of MBL.	Carbohydrates	216-228	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Homo sapiens	64-71
16407218-5	2006	We investigated the mechanism of formation of complexes between alpha2M and MBL and concluded that they form by the direct binding of oligomannose glycans Man(5-7) occupying Asn-846 on alpha2M to the lectin domains (carbohydrate recognition domains) of MBL.	Carbohydrates	216-228	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	76-79
16407218-5	2006	We investigated the mechanism of formation of complexes between alpha2M and MBL and concluded that they form by the direct binding of oligomannose glycans Man(5-7) occupying Asn-846 on alpha2M to the lectin domains (carbohydrate recognition domains) of MBL.	Carbohydrates	216-228	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Homo sapiens	185-192
19372833-0	2006	Large-molecular-weight carbohydrate-binding agents as HIV entry inhibitors targeting glycoprotein gp120.	Carbohydrates	23-35	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	98-103
19372833-4	2006	Prolonged exposure to carbohydrate-binding agents slowly and progressively selects for deletions of glycans at N-glycosylation sites in HIV gp120.	Carbohydrates	22-34	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	140-145
17131205-5	2006	Leptin and adiponectin play a significant role in the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	78-90	leptin	Homo sapiens	0-6
16763003-2	2006	Forty-eight hours" starvation reduced whole-body insulin sensitivity by 42% and produced marked changes in expression of key carbohydrate (CHO) regulatory genes and proteins: SREBP1c and hexokinase II (HKII) were downregulated 2.5- and 5-fold, respectively, whereas the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) was upregulated 4-fold.	Carbohydrates	125-137	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	175-182
16567368-0	2006	Structural basis of carbohydrate recognition by a Man(alpha1-2)Man-specific lectin from Bowringia milbraedii.	Carbohydrates	20-32	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	54-62
16687629-3	2006	The lectin pathway can be activated by binding of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and ficolins to carbohydrate ligands, followed by activation of MBL-associated serine proteases and C4.	Carbohydrates	95-107	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	50-72
16687629-3	2006	The lectin pathway can be activated by binding of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and ficolins to carbohydrate ligands, followed by activation of MBL-associated serine proteases and C4.	Carbohydrates	95-107	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	74-77
16713445-3	2006	alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) hinder digestion of complex carbohydrates and therefore alleviate postprandial glycemic excursions.	Carbohydrates	64-77	sucrase isomaltase (alpha-glucosidase)	Mus musculus	0-17
16713445-12	2006	alpha-Glucosidase inhibitor-inhibitable increases in total intestinal absorptive capacity for sugars were due to carbohydrate-induced increases in V(max) of glucose transport.	Carbohydrates	113-125	sucrase isomaltase (alpha-glucosidase)	Mus musculus	0-17
16805736-0	2006	Impaired sucrose induction1 encodes a conserved plant-specific protein that couples carbohydrate availability to gene expression and plant growth.	Carbohydrates	84-96	binding protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-27
16805736-7	2006	Our data show that ISI1 couples the availability of carbohydrates to the control of sugar-responsive gene expression and plant growth.	Carbohydrates	52-65	binding protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	19-23
16423983-0	2006	The carbohydrate-recognition domain of Dectin-2 is a C-type lectin with specificity for high mannose.	Carbohydrates	4-16	C-type lectin domain containing 6A	Homo sapiens	39-47
16423983-1	2006	We examined the carbohydrate-binding potential of the C-type lectin-like receptor Dectin-2 (Clecf4n).	Carbohydrates	16-28	C-type lectin domain containing 6A	Homo sapiens	82-90
16423983-2	2006	The carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of Dectin-2 exhibited cation-dependent mannose/fucose-like lectin activity, with an IC(50) for mannose of approximately 20 mM compared to an IC(50) of 1.5 mM for the macrophage mannose receptor when assayed by similar methodology.	Carbohydrates	4-16	C-type lectin domain containing 6A	Homo sapiens	45-53
16423983-8	2006	Glycan array analysis of the carbohydrate recognition by Dectin-2 indicated specific recognition of high-mannose structures (Man(9)GlcNAc(2)).	Carbohydrates	29-41	C-type lectin domain containing 6A	Homo sapiens	57-65
16493580-1	2006	Lewis(y) (Le(y)), also designated CD174, represents a carbohydrate blood group antigen which is strongly expressed in neoplastic gastrointestinal tissues.	Carbohydrates	54-66	fucosyltransferase 3 (Lewis blood group)	Homo sapiens	34-39
16518621-6	2006	Based on the N-terminal sequence, multiple sequence alignment, and relative affinities to various carbohydrate ligands, we propose that the MBL purified in this study is pMBL-A.	Carbohydrates	98-110	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	140-143
16407292-6	2006	In contrast PCSK9 expression was restored upon high carbohydrate refeeding.	Carbohydrates	52-64	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9	Mus musculus	12-17
16474111-0	2006	Postprandial response of salivary ghrelin and leptin to carbohydrate uptake.	Carbohydrates	56-68	leptin	Homo sapiens	46-52
16503770-8	2006	When diet was combined with Pinus maritima treatment, both retinal glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities increased, suggesting that a low-carbohydrate diet plus Pinus maritima may be an effective antioxidant and antihyperglycemic therapy, reducing the risk of diabetic retinopathy and cataract formation.	Carbohydrates	160-172	glutathione-disulfide reductase	Rattus norvegicus	94-115
16448557-6	2006	Studies of DGAT1-deficient mice have helped to provide insights into the mechanisms by which cellular lipid metabolism modulates systemic carbohydrate and insulin metabolism, and a better understanding of how DGAT1 deficiency enhances energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity may identify additional targets or strategies for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	138-150	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Mus musculus	11-16
16856624-1	2006	BACKGROUND: Mannose-binding lectin (MBL; encoded by MBL-2) is a circulating pattern-recognition molecule that recognizes microbial carbohydrate motifs, leading to complement activation and cell lysis.	Carbohydrates	131-143	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	12-34
16856624-1	2006	BACKGROUND: Mannose-binding lectin (MBL; encoded by MBL-2) is a circulating pattern-recognition molecule that recognizes microbial carbohydrate motifs, leading to complement activation and cell lysis.	Carbohydrates	131-143	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	36-39
16856624-1	2006	BACKGROUND: Mannose-binding lectin (MBL; encoded by MBL-2) is a circulating pattern-recognition molecule that recognizes microbial carbohydrate motifs, leading to complement activation and cell lysis.	Carbohydrates	131-143	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	52-57
16457643-2	2006	Voglibose, one of the most important alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, delays the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, thereby inhibiting postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, and is the aid in the treatment of diabetes.	Carbohydrates	106-119	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	37-54
16940953-4	2006	To examine the role of dectin-1 in recognition of 1,3-beta-glucans and subsequent activation of intracellular signaling, the molecular characteristics of a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of dectin-1 were investigated.	Carbohydrates	156-168	C-type lectin domain containing 7A	Homo sapiens	197-205
16291632-10	2005	Increased plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate and nonesterified fatty acids pre- but not postpartum and a tendency for increased plasma glucose postpartum demonstrate shifting reliance from lipid- to carbohydrate-based metabolism postpartum in cows fed alpha-amylase.	Carbohydrates	192-204	alpha amylase	Bos taurus	245-258
16316417-9	2005	We conclude that MBL is capable of binding to differently glycosylated ligands on several autologous cell types via its carbohydrate-recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	120-132	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	17-20
16272342-1	2005	Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) initiates complement activation by binding to arrays of carbohydrates on the surfaces of pathogenic microorganisms and activating MBL-associated serine proteases (MASPs).	Carbohydrates	84-97	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-21
16272342-1	2005	Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) initiates complement activation by binding to arrays of carbohydrates on the surfaces of pathogenic microorganisms and activating MBL-associated serine proteases (MASPs).	Carbohydrates	84-97	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	23-26
16105842-9	2005	These data define a novel mechanism whereby Gal-1 regulates epithelial tumor cell homeostasis via carbohydrate-dependent interaction with the alpha5beta1 integrin.	Carbohydrates	98-110	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	44-49
16253890-4	2005	I present a hypothesis that development of resistance against drugs that target the glycans on gp120 would result in a marked enhancement of neutralisation of HIV by the immune system--ie, drugs directed against the carbohydrate component of gp120 will select for mutant virus strains that progressively gain deletions in the glycosylation sites of gp120.	Carbohydrates	216-228	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	242-247
16511590-2	2006	However, studies on the action and structure of the 3 human PPAR isotypes (PPARalpha, PPARdelta, and PPARgamma) suggest that these moieties are intimately involved in nutrient sensing and the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	206-218	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	60-64
16511590-2	2006	However, studies on the action and structure of the 3 human PPAR isotypes (PPARalpha, PPARdelta, and PPARgamma) suggest that these moieties are intimately involved in nutrient sensing and the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	206-218	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	75-84
16266293-0	2006	Bile-salt-stimulated lipase and mucins from milk of "secretor" mothers inhibit the binding of Norwalk virus capsids to their carbohydrate ligands.	Carbohydrates	125-137	carboxyl ester lipase	Homo sapiens	0-27
26180106-1	2015	OBJECTIVE: Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is a complement-activating carbohydrate-recognizing molecule associated with diabetic nephropathy.	Carbohydrates	66-78	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	34-37
16199102-3	2005	However, there are conflicting data on the role of FUT3 in the synthesis of this carbohydrate structure and more studies on the regulation of FUT III gene expression are needed.	Carbohydrates	81-93	fucosyltransferase 3 (Lewis blood group)	Homo sapiens	51-55
26084589-0	2015	Timing of post-exercise carbohydrate ingestion: influence on IL-6 and hepcidin responses.	Carbohydrates	24-36	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	70-78
16511199-0	2005	Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the Man(alpha1-2)Man-specific lectin from Bowringia mildbraedii in complex with its carbohydrate ligand.	Carbohydrates	134-146	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	58-66
16408309-1	2006	We present results of a two-photon fluorescence-correlation study carried out with glycosylated and untreated 20 nm fluorescing spheres that interacted with the carbohydrate-binding proteins soybean agglutinin (SBA) and concanavalin A (Con A).	Carbohydrates	161-173	lectin	Glycine max	211-214
16408309-4	2006	In experiments with galactosylated 20 nm beads and SBA, several stages of protein-carbohydrate interactions could be clearly distinguished.	Carbohydrates	82-94	lectin	Glycine max	51-54
26084589-2	2015	This investigation examined if an analogous effect was evident for interleukin-6 and hepcidin response when carbohydrates were ingested post-exercise.	Carbohydrates	108-121	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	85-93
26251846-7	2015	These analyses suggest alterations in the handling of not only urate but also other putative URAT1 substrates comprising intermediates in nucleotide, carbohydrate, and steroid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	150-162	solute carrier family 22 (organic anion/cation transporter), member 12	Mus musculus	93-98
16421944-4	2006	As binding was reduced by prior glycopeptidase F treatment of L-selectin but not of SAP, it appears to be based on SAP lectin domain interactions with N-linked L-selectin carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	171-184	selectin L	Homo sapiens	62-72
16421944-4	2006	As binding was reduced by prior glycopeptidase F treatment of L-selectin but not of SAP, it appears to be based on SAP lectin domain interactions with N-linked L-selectin carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	171-184	amyloid P component, serum	Homo sapiens	115-118
16421944-4	2006	As binding was reduced by prior glycopeptidase F treatment of L-selectin but not of SAP, it appears to be based on SAP lectin domain interactions with N-linked L-selectin carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	171-184	selectin L	Homo sapiens	160-170
16273996-3	2005	Carbohydrate moiety of Fc of the immunoglobulin G molecule plays a significant role in modulating binding to FcR and its effector functions.	Carbohydrates	0-12	Fc receptor	Mus musculus	109-112
16034120-3	2005	Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and serum amyloid component P are two carbohydrate-binding innate immune proteins present in the blood.	Carbohydrates	67-79	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-22
16034120-3	2005	Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and serum amyloid component P are two carbohydrate-binding innate immune proteins present in the blood.	Carbohydrates	67-79	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	24-27
16034120-6	2005	Competition experiments also show that both native MBL and MBL(n/CRD), a 48-kDa recombinant trimeric fragment of MBL containing neck and carbohydrate recognition domains, have higher affinity for GlcNAc than for MurNAc.	Carbohydrates	137-149	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	51-54
16034120-6	2005	Competition experiments also show that both native MBL and MBL(n/CRD), a 48-kDa recombinant trimeric fragment of MBL containing neck and carbohydrate recognition domains, have higher affinity for GlcNAc than for MurNAc.	Carbohydrates	137-149	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	59-62
16034120-6	2005	Competition experiments also show that both native MBL and MBL(n/CRD), a 48-kDa recombinant trimeric fragment of MBL containing neck and carbohydrate recognition domains, have higher affinity for GlcNAc than for MurNAc.	Carbohydrates	137-149	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	59-62
26126945-1	2015	Mannose binding lectin (MBL) is a collectin with C-terminus Carbohydrate Recognition Domain (CRD) which binds with pathogen and arbitrate functions like activation of complement pathway, opsonization etc.	Carbohydrates	60-72	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-22
15996105-5	2005	We observed the following: (i) The functional group at the anomeric position of carbohydrates plays an important role during selectin recognition, since sLe(X) and sialyl Lewis-a (sLe(a)) were approximately 5-7-fold poorer inhibitors of L-selectin mediated cell adhesion compared to their methyl glycosides.	Carbohydrates	80-93	selectin L	Homo sapiens	237-247
15996105-6	2005	(ii) Despite their homology to physiological glycans, the putative carbohydrate epitopes of GlyCAM-1 and PSGL-1 bound selectins with low affinity comparable to that of sLe(X)-selectin interactions.	Carbohydrates	67-79	selectin P ligand	Homo sapiens	105-111
15972892-0	2005	Identification of residues essential for carbohydrate recognition and cation dependence of the 46-kDa mannose 6-phosphate receptor.	Carbohydrates	41-53	mannose-6-phosphate receptor, cation dependent	Homo sapiens	95-130
15972892-2	2005	Previous crystallographic studies of the CD-MPR have identified 11 amino acids within its carbohydrate binding pocket.	Carbohydrates	90-102	mannose-6-phosphate receptor, cation dependent	Homo sapiens	41-47
15972892-4	2005	The results show that substitution of Gln-66, Arg-111, Glu-133, or Tyr-143 results in a &gt;800-fold decrease in affinity, demonstrating these four amino acids are essential for carbohydrate recognition by the CD-MPR.	Carbohydrates	178-190	mannose-6-phosphate receptor, cation dependent	Homo sapiens	210-216
15972892-8	2005	Taken together, these studies provide the molecular basis for high affinity carbohydrate recognition by the CD-MPR.	Carbohydrates	76-88	mannose-6-phosphate receptor, cation dependent	Homo sapiens	108-114
26126945-1	2015	Mannose binding lectin (MBL) is a collectin with C-terminus Carbohydrate Recognition Domain (CRD) which binds with pathogen and arbitrate functions like activation of complement pathway, opsonization etc.	Carbohydrates	60-72	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	24-27
25878032-5	2015	Trehalose is a major circulating carbohydrate in the fly that is recognized by the gustatory receptor Gr5a.	Carbohydrates	33-45	Gustatory receptor 5a	Drosophila melanogaster	102-106
15982677-1	2005	Acrylamide, an animal carcinogen and germ cell mutagen present at low (ppm) levels in heated carbohydrate-containing foodstuffs, is oxidized by cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) to the epoxide glycidamide, which is believed to be responsible for the mutagenic and carcinogenic activity of acrylamide.	Carbohydrates	93-105	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	164-170
15883155-11	2005	This indicates that the carbohydrate moiety of glycodelin-S is critical for the function of the molecule.	Carbohydrates	24-36	progestagen associated endometrial protein	Homo sapiens	47-59
15994957-7	2005	However, in contrast to the HCELL glycoform on human hematopoietic progenitor cells, which expresses carbohydrate-binding determinant(s) for E-selectin primarily on N-glycans of standard CD44, the relevant determinant(s) on LS174T cells is expressed on O-glycans and is predominantly found on variant isoforms of CD44 (CD44v).	Carbohydrates	101-113	selectin E	Homo sapiens	141-151
25878032-6	2015	Gr5a mutant flies are short lived, and we found that they specifically increased whole-body and circulating levels of trehalose, but not other carbohydrates, likely through upregulation of de novo synthesis.	Carbohydrates	143-156	Gustatory receptor 5a	Drosophila melanogaster	0-4
26343100-3	2015	Inhibitors of carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes (such as alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase) offer an effective strategy to regulate/prevent hyperglycemia by controlling starch breakdown.	Carbohydrates	14-26	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	56-73
15657716-0	2005	Decreased sucrose-6-phosphate phosphatase level in transgenic tobacco inhibits photosynthesis, alters carbohydrate partitioning, and reduces growth.	Carbohydrates	102-114	sucrose-phosphatase 1	Nicotiana tabacum	10-41
16154441-0	2005	Variations in plasma apolipoprotein C-III levels are strong correlates of the triglyceride response to a high-monounsaturated fatty acid diet and a high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	153-165	apolipoprotein C3	Homo sapiens	21-41
26322018-2	2015	In response to cold, both classical brown fat and the newly identified "beige" or "brite" cells are activated by beta-adrenergic signaling and catabolize stored lipids and carbohydrates to produce heat via UCP1.	Carbohydrates	172-185	uncoupling protein 1	Homo sapiens	206-210
16099912-1	2005	Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), a serum lectin that mediates innate immune functions including activation of the lectin complement pathway, binds to carbohydrates expressed on some viral glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	147-160	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	24-27
15843584-6	2005	Importantly, we show that Abs directed against cutaneous lymphocyte Ag (CLA), a FucT-VII-dependent carbohydrate modification of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1, blocked rolling of Th1 cells.	Carbohydrates	99-111	selectin P ligand	Homo sapiens	72-75
15843584-6	2005	Importantly, we show that Abs directed against cutaneous lymphocyte Ag (CLA), a FucT-VII-dependent carbohydrate modification of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1, blocked rolling of Th1 cells.	Carbohydrates	99-111	selectin, platelet (p-selectin) ligand	Mus musculus	128-160
26101846-7	2015	In the present study, efforts were made to analyze with solid phase assays the oligosaccharide recognition ability of fruit fly sperm alpha-L-fucosidase with defined carbohydrate chains that can functionally mimic egg glycoconjugates.	Carbohydrates	166-178	alpha-L-fucosidase	Drosophila melanogaster	134-152
15937810-4	2005	RESULTS: Five patients were treated with EGF; all showed a significant improvement in carbohydrate absorption (3-0 methylglucose): absorption 24.7% +/- 9.7% pretreatment vs 34.1% +/- 13.8% posttreatment and improved tolerance of enteral feeds (enteral energy as % of total energy, 25% +/- 28% pretreatment vs 36% +/- 24% posttreatment; mean +/- SD; P &lt; .05 by Wilcoxon"s signed rank test).	Carbohydrates	86-98	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	41-44
16029433-1	2005	The lectin pathway of the complement system is activated when mannan-binding lectin (MBL) in complex with MBL-associated serine protease 2 (MASP-2) binds to carbohydrate structures on microorganisms.	Carbohydrates	157-169	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	62-83
16029433-1	2005	The lectin pathway of the complement system is activated when mannan-binding lectin (MBL) in complex with MBL-associated serine protease 2 (MASP-2) binds to carbohydrate structures on microorganisms.	Carbohydrates	157-169	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	85-88
26016642-3	2015	Our aim was to evaluate the potential associations between FTO genotype and intakes of total energy, fat, carbohydrate and protein.	Carbohydrates	106-118	FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	59-62
15980365-6	2005	The low toxicity and immunogenicity of this synthetic carbohydrate and its stability in saliva, as demonstrated by high-performance liquid chromatography, make it a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of microbial infections in which the pathogen relies on the beta-GalNAc(1-4)-beta-galactosidase disaccharide to establish adherence.	Carbohydrates	54-66	galactosidase, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	295-313
15710344-1	2005	Polysialic acid (PSA) is a dynamically regulated carbohydrate modification of the neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM, which has been linked to cancer development and dissemination.	Carbohydrates	49-61	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	82-116
26230708-1	2015	In humans and other vertebrate animals, vitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductase (VKOR) family enzymes are the gatekeepers between nutritionally acquired K vitamins and the vitamin K cycle responsible for posttranslational modifications that confer biological activity upon vitamin K-dependent proteins with crucial roles in hemostasis, bone development and homeostasis, hormonal carbohydrate regulation and fertility.	Carbohydrates	371-383	vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1	Homo sapiens	40-71
15725416-1	2005	Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related protein (AgRP), potent stimulants of feeding, have been linked in adult rats to both corticosterone (CORT) and dietary carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	159-171	agouti related neuropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	25-47
15725416-1	2005	Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related protein (AgRP), potent stimulants of feeding, have been linked in adult rats to both corticosterone (CORT) and dietary carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	159-171	agouti related neuropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	49-53
15840645-7	2005	Glycosyl composition and linkage analyses of purified GFP-AtAGP17 showed that carbohydrate accounted for approximately 86% of the molecule, with arabinose and galactose as major, and rhamnose and glucuronic acid as minor glycosyl residues and with 1,3,6-galactose, 1,4-glucuronic acid, 1,3-galactose and terminal arabinose as major linkages.	Carbohydrates	78-90	arabinogalactan protein 17	Arabidopsis thaliana	58-65
16052375-2	2005	The detected activities (leucine aminopeptidase, beta-glucosidase, alpha-glucosidase, and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase) were related to the available organic substrates (proteins and carbohydrates) and to the bacterial community (expressed in terms of abundance, biomass, and frequency of cell division).	Carbohydrates	183-196	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	67-84
26230708-1	2015	In humans and other vertebrate animals, vitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductase (VKOR) family enzymes are the gatekeepers between nutritionally acquired K vitamins and the vitamin K cycle responsible for posttranslational modifications that confer biological activity upon vitamin K-dependent proteins with crucial roles in hemostasis, bone development and homeostasis, hormonal carbohydrate regulation and fertility.	Carbohydrates	371-383	vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1	Homo sapiens	73-77
26039452-1	2015	Fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) has been proposed as a postprandial hormone that signals from intestine to liver to regulate bile acid and carbohydrate homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	143-155	fibroblast growth factor 15	Mus musculus	0-27
15853952-2	2005	After binding mannose containing carbohydrate structures of foreign antigen, mbl initiates and regulates the inflammatory responses.	Carbohydrates	33-45	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	77-80
15613479-7	2005	GRFT preferentially inhibited gp120 binding of the monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12, which recognizes a carbohydrate-dependent motif, and the (mAb) 48d, which binds to CD4-induced epitope.	Carbohydrates	102-114	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	30-35
15725416-7	2005	The importance of carbohydrate during this stage was suggested by additional results showing elevated NPY expression, CORT levels, body weight and inguinal fat pad weights in P27 pups raised on a 65% carbohydrate diet vs. 45% carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	18-30	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B	Rattus norvegicus	175-178
15728497-0	2005	The two major oligomeric forms of human mannan-binding lectin: chemical characterization, carbohydrate-binding properties, and interaction with MBL-associated serine proteases.	Carbohydrates	90-102	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	40-61
15728497-1	2005	Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is an oligomeric C-type lectin assembled from homotrimeric structural units that binds to neutral carbohydrates on microbial surfaces.	Carbohydrates	126-139	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-21
15728497-1	2005	Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is an oligomeric C-type lectin assembled from homotrimeric structural units that binds to neutral carbohydrates on microbial surfaces.	Carbohydrates	126-139	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	23-26
15728497-7	2005	However, tetrameric MBL exhibited significantly higher maximal binding capacity and lower dissociation rate constants for both carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	127-140	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	20-23
15699104-2	2005	The identity of these cells and the mechanisms of their TCR engagement to carbohydrate molecules remain unknown.	Carbohydrates	74-86	T cell receptor alpha variable 6-3	Mus musculus	56-59
26039452-1	2015	Fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) has been proposed as a postprandial hormone that signals from intestine to liver to regulate bile acid and carbohydrate homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	143-155	fibroblast growth factor 15	Mus musculus	29-34
15670195-10	2005	Total leptin and FL were correlated with the diet carbohydrate content in all subjects.	Carbohydrates	50-62	leptin	Homo sapiens	6-12
25877769-6	2015	Heterologous expression of PtVP1.1 rescued the retarded-root-growth phenotype of avp1, an Arabidopsis knock out mutant of AVP1, on low carbohydrate medium.	Carbohydrates	135-147	Inorganic H pyrophosphatase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	81-85
15509573-2	2005	In adults, the isoform SREBP-1c is the predominant transcript in the liver of fed animals, and it activates triglyceride production from glucose when diet is enriched in carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	170-183	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	23-31
15725416-8	2005	These results suggest that hypothalamic NPY and AgRP, together with CORT, have glucoregulatory as well as feeding stimulatory functions that help mediate the transition from suckling of a fat-rich diet to independent feeding of a carbohydrate-rich diet.	Carbohydrates	230-242	agouti related neuropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	48-52
25346390-1	2015	Fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15), FGF19 in humans, is a gut-derived hormone and a key regulator of bile acids and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	117-129	fibroblast growth factor 15	Mus musculus	29-34
15579466-5	2005	Both human FucT-IV and -VII had the ability to generate carbohydrate ligands that support L-selectin-, P-selectin-, and E-selectin-dependent rolling on PSGL-1, with FucT-VII playing a major role.	Carbohydrates	56-68	selectin L	Homo sapiens	90-100
15344907-7	2005	Tissue distribution analysis in adult rats revealed a pattern of expression mainly in the liver, intestine and islets of Langerhans, closely following that of the Glut2 (glucose transporter 2), suggesting that it may play a role in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	232-244	solute carrier family 2 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	163-168
15579466-5	2005	Both human FucT-IV and -VII had the ability to generate carbohydrate ligands that support L-selectin-, P-selectin-, and E-selectin-dependent rolling on PSGL-1, with FucT-VII playing a major role.	Carbohydrates	56-68	selectin P	Homo sapiens	103-113
15344907-7	2005	Tissue distribution analysis in adult rats revealed a pattern of expression mainly in the liver, intestine and islets of Langerhans, closely following that of the Glut2 (glucose transporter 2), suggesting that it may play a role in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	232-244	solute carrier family 2 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	170-191
25912189-2	2015	It binds to carbohydrates on pathogens to activate the lectin pathway of complement and together with its associated serine protease MASP-3 serves as a guidance cue for neural crest development.	Carbohydrates	12-25	MBL associated serine protease 1	Homo sapiens	133-139
15579466-5	2005	Both human FucT-IV and -VII had the ability to generate carbohydrate ligands that support L-selectin-, P-selectin-, and E-selectin-dependent rolling on PSGL-1, with FucT-VII playing a major role.	Carbohydrates	56-68	selectin E	Homo sapiens	120-130
15579466-5	2005	Both human FucT-IV and -VII had the ability to generate carbohydrate ligands that support L-selectin-, P-selectin-, and E-selectin-dependent rolling on PSGL-1, with FucT-VII playing a major role.	Carbohydrates	56-68	selectin P ligand	Homo sapiens	152-158
25765362-4	2015	Some genes required for carbohydrate metabolism, such as hexose transporter, L-idonate dehydrogenase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, were significantly up-regulated in the CL berries in relation to the GT berries, which positively correlated with the sugar and organic acid accumulations.	Carbohydrates	24-36	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Homo sapiens	106-137
25498613-6	2015	These results suggest that EPS exhibits hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects possibly through regulating AMPK- and SirT1-mediated effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	143-155	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	117-122
25586191-2	2015	We have shown that a particular sulfation pattern mediated by the expression of carbohydrate (chondroitin 4) sulfotransferase-11 (CHST11) correlates with P-selectin binding and aggressiveness of human breast cancer cell lines.	Carbohydrates	80-92	carbohydrate sulfotransferase 11	Homo sapiens	130-136
25586191-2	2015	We have shown that a particular sulfation pattern mediated by the expression of carbohydrate (chondroitin 4) sulfotransferase-11 (CHST11) correlates with P-selectin binding and aggressiveness of human breast cancer cell lines.	Carbohydrates	80-92	selectin P	Homo sapiens	154-164
25499921-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Galectin-8 (Gal-8), belonging to a family of the "tandem repeat"-type galectins that contain 2 carbohydrate recognition domains, serves to retain cell surface residency and signaling of glycoproteins including cytokine and growth factor receptors, and thereby promoting development and progression of various malignancies.	Carbohydrates	107-119	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	12-22
25499921-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Galectin-8 (Gal-8), belonging to a family of the "tandem repeat"-type galectins that contain 2 carbohydrate recognition domains, serves to retain cell surface residency and signaling of glycoproteins including cytokine and growth factor receptors, and thereby promoting development and progression of various malignancies.	Carbohydrates	107-119	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	24-29
25495733-5	2015	Mutations of aromatic residues F152, Y160 and W219, located within the carbohydrate-binding cleft of the Crh1 model, also affect the transglycosylase activity.	Carbohydrates	71-83	transglycosylase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	105-109
26536003-0	2015	Associations of Leu72Met Polymorphism of Preproghrelin with Ratios of Plasma Lipids Are Diversified by a High-Carbohydrate Diet in Healthy Chinese Adolescents.	Carbohydrates	110-122	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	41-54
16175237-4	2005	Various experiments have shown that fucosyltransferases from both fly and worm are responsible in vivo and in vitro for the synthesis of N-glycans which cross-react with anti-horseradish peroxidase; thus, we can consider these enzymes as useful tools in generating standard compounds for testing cross-reactive carbohydrate epitopes of allergenic interest.	Carbohydrates	311-323	Peroxidase	Drosophila melanogaster	187-197
15715271-3	2005	Leptin has been shown to function as a trophic factor in the intestine and enhances carbohydrate absorption after small-bowel resection.	Carbohydrates	84-96	leptin	Mus musculus	0-6
15988715-7	2005	MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS/MS analysis of 2-AB-derivatized oligosaccharides, by providing structural information at the low-picomole level, appears to be a powerful tool for carbohydrate structural analysis.	Carbohydrates	164-176	FEZ family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	0-16
15601778-6	2004	Interestingly, GlcAT-I overexpression significantly enhanced GAG synthesis and deposition as evidenced by (35)S-sulfate incorporation, histology, estimation of GAG content, and fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis analysis.	Carbohydrates	198-210	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 3	Homo sapiens	15-22
15541350-2	2004	In addition to its phosphatase domain, laforin contains an N-terminal carbohydrate-binding domain (CBD).	Carbohydrates	70-82	EPM2A glucan phosphatase, laforin	Homo sapiens	39-46
15496471-8	2004	In vivo binding of ChREBP to ACC, FAS, and LPK gene promoters in intact liver nuclei from rats fed a high-carbohydrate diet was demonstrated by using a formaldehyde crosslinking and chromatin immunoprecipitation procedure.	Carbohydrates	106-118	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	43-46
15531540-0	2004	Leptin levels are dependent on sleep duration: relationships with sympathovagal balance, carbohydrate regulation, cortisol, and thyrotropin.	Carbohydrates	89-101	leptin	Homo sapiens	0-6
15803410-5	2004	GBP1/2 are members of a conserved Plant- Specific Ankyrin- repeat (PANK) family that includes proteins implicated in carbohydrate allocation, reactive oxygen metabolism, hypersensitive cell death, rapid elicitor responses, virus pathogenesis, and auxin signaling.	Carbohydrates	117-129	single-stranded telomeric DNA-binding/mRNA-binding protein	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-6
15669880-6	2005	These main classes include agents that stimulate insulin secretion (sulphonylureas and rapid-acting secretagogues), reduce hepatic glucose production (biguanides), delay digestion and absorption of intestinal carbohydrate (alpha-glucosidase inhibitors) or improve insulin action (thiazolidinediones).	Carbohydrates	209-221	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	223-240
15940190-1	2005	AIM: To elucidate associations of polymorphic markers of PPAR, PPARG2, IRS1, IRS2 genes with disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism in patients with hypertension and excessive weight.	Carbohydrates	109-121	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	57-61
15940190-1	2005	AIM: To elucidate associations of polymorphic markers of PPAR, PPARG2, IRS1, IRS2 genes with disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism in patients with hypertension and excessive weight.	Carbohydrates	109-121	insulin receptor substrate 1	Homo sapiens	71-75
15940190-1	2005	AIM: To elucidate associations of polymorphic markers of PPAR, PPARG2, IRS1, IRS2 genes with disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism in patients with hypertension and excessive weight.	Carbohydrates	109-121	insulin receptor substrate 2	Homo sapiens	77-81
18370712-3	2005	Based on these previous findings, we hypothesize that a low-carbohydrate diet would be more beneficial in changing leptin, TNF-alpha, and adiponectin than a conventional diet.	Carbohydrates	60-72	leptin	Homo sapiens	115-121
18370712-6	2005	Subjects on low-carbohydrate diets experienced a greater decrease in leptin when compared to conventional dieters (p &lt; 0.001).	Carbohydrates	16-28	leptin	Homo sapiens	69-75
18370712-10	2005	The greater reduction in insulin resistance and weight on a low-carbohydrate diet, in the short term, translates into greater improvement in leptin but with no significant improvements in TNF-alpha or adiponectin in patients with moderate to severe obesity after 6 months of dietary intervention.	Carbohydrates	64-76	leptin	Homo sapiens	141-147
15317811-1	2004	The highly negatively charged polysialic acid (PSA) is a carbohydrate predominantly carried by the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in mammals.	Carbohydrates	57-69	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	99-128
15317811-1	2004	The highly negatively charged polysialic acid (PSA) is a carbohydrate predominantly carried by the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in mammals.	Carbohydrates	57-69	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	130-134
15464951-3	2004	A collection of fluorescein-conjugated saccharides was synthesized and used as probes with galectins-1 and -3 and the two carbohydrate recognition domains of galectin-4.	Carbohydrates	39-50	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	91-109
15364579-4	2004	The lectin pathway of complement, where mannose-binding lectin (MBL) recognizes the carbohydrate structures on pathogens, is activated by mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease-2 (MASP-2).	Carbohydrates	84-96	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	40-62
15364579-4	2004	The lectin pathway of complement, where mannose-binding lectin (MBL) recognizes the carbohydrate structures on pathogens, is activated by mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease-2 (MASP-2).	Carbohydrates	84-96	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	64-67
15532542-7	2004	Additionally, tau remarkably enhances reactivation of GDH (glutamic dehydrogenase, EC 1.4.1.3), another carbohydrate metabolic enzyme, also showing a chaperone-like manner.	Carbohydrates	104-116	glutamate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	54-57
15532542-7	2004	Additionally, tau remarkably enhances reactivation of GDH (glutamic dehydrogenase, EC 1.4.1.3), another carbohydrate metabolic enzyme, also showing a chaperone-like manner.	Carbohydrates	104-116	glutamate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	59-81
15474880-0	2004	Insulin secretion in women who have polycystic ovary syndrome and carry the Gly972Arg variant of insulin receptor substrate-1 in response to a high-glycemic or low-glycemic carbohydrate load.	Carbohydrates	173-185	insulin receptor substrate 1	Homo sapiens	97-125
15564529-0	2004	The GAOLAOZHUANGREN1 gene encodes a putative glycosyltransferase that is critical for normal development and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	109-121	Nucleotide-diphospho-sugar transferases superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	4-20
15564529-9	2004	Further analyses revealed that carbohydrate composition and distribution were aberrant in the glz1 mutant.	Carbohydrates	31-43	Nucleotide-diphospho-sugar transferases superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	94-98
15252023-4	2004	A structure-based sequence alignment was performed that predicts that domain 5 contains the four conserved key residues (Gln, Arg, Glu, and Tyr) identified as essential for carbohydrate recognition by the CD-MPR and domains 3 and 9 of the CI-MPR, but lacks two cysteine residues predicted to form a disulfide bond within the binding pocket.	Carbohydrates	173-185	mannose-6-phosphate receptor, cation dependent	Homo sapiens	205-211
15252023-4	2004	A structure-based sequence alignment was performed that predicts that domain 5 contains the four conserved key residues (Gln, Arg, Glu, and Tyr) identified as essential for carbohydrate recognition by the CD-MPR and domains 3 and 9 of the CI-MPR, but lacks two cysteine residues predicted to form a disulfide bond within the binding pocket.	Carbohydrates	173-185	insulin like growth factor 2 receptor	Homo sapiens	239-245
15252023-9	2004	Taken together, these results demonstrate that the CI-MPR contains a third Man-6-P recognition site that is located in domain 5 and that exhibits lower affinity than the carbohydrate-binding sites present in domains 1-3 and 9.	Carbohydrates	170-182	insulin like growth factor 2 receptor	Homo sapiens	51-57
15333705-2	2004	Starvation and feeding a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet modulate the concentration of mature SREBP-1c primarily by a pretranslational mechanism.	Carbohydrates	30-42	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	94-102
15333706-1	2004	The intestinal Na(+)/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) and H(+)/peptide cotransporter 1 (PEPT1) play important roles in the absorption of carbohydrate and protein.	Carbohydrates	136-148	solute carrier family 15 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-85
15169779-0	2004	The N-terminal carbohydrate recognition site of the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor.	Carbohydrates	15-27	insulin like growth factor 2 receptor	Homo sapiens	52-99
15169779-4	2004	In addition, expression of truncated forms of the CI-MPR demonstrated that domain 9 can be expressed as an isolated domain, retaining high affinity (Kd approximately 1 nm) carbohydrate binding, whereas expression of domain 3 alone resulted in a protein capable of only low affinity binding (Kd approximately 1 microm) toward a lysosomal enzyme.	Carbohydrates	172-184	insulin like growth factor 2 receptor	Homo sapiens	50-56
15303106-13	2004	Adipose tissue SREBP-1c mRNA increased by 25% in overweight and by 43% in lean subjects (P&lt;0.05) after carbohydrate overfeeding, whereas fatty acid synthase mRNA increased by 66 and 84% (P&lt;0.05).	Carbohydrates	106-118	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	15-23
26161595-11	2015	The enzymatic activity of the liver enzymes hexokinase, glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase, fructose 1,6-biphosphatase, pyruvate kinase and glucose-6 phosphatase were enhanced by resveratrol and gliclazide, while losartan treatment was not associated with significant changes in liver carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	284-296	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	139-160
15281014-5	2004	FATP-1 levels in soleus were double those in gastrocnemius muscle in carbohydrate-fed animals.	Carbohydrates	69-81	solute carrier family 27 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
26420199-1	2015	The objective of this study was to test how the genetic polymorphisms located within the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) locus would modulate the relationship between a diet high in carbohydrate and insulin resistance related traits in metabolic syndrome adults.	Carbohydrates	175-187	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	89-107
26420199-1	2015	The objective of this study was to test how the genetic polymorphisms located within the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) locus would modulate the relationship between a diet high in carbohydrate and insulin resistance related traits in metabolic syndrome adults.	Carbohydrates	175-187	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	109-112
15138153-1	2004	Growth hormone, acting through its receptor (GHR), plays an important role in carbohydrate metabolism and in promoting postnatal growth.	Carbohydrates	78-90	growth hormone	Mus musculus	0-14
24815315-7	2015	It is also of interest that high carbohydrate and fat intake ("cafeteria-type diet") increases intestinal 5-HT leading to TLR4 activation.	Carbohydrates	33-45	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	122-126
15308721-2	2004	Cell-free and cell culture studies have shown that the efficiency of conversion of PrP into the disease-associated form is influenced by its amino acid sequence and also by its carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	177-189	major prion protein	Ovis aries	83-86
15257753-1	2004	BACKGROUND: Sperm protein 17 (Sp17) is a three-domain protein that contains: 1) a highly conserved N-terminal domain that is 45% identical to the human type II alpha regulatory subunit (RII alpha) of protein kinase A (PKA); 2) a central sulphated carbohydrate-binding domain; and 3) a C-terminal Ca++/calmodulin (CaM) binding domain.	Carbohydrates	247-259	sperm autoantigenic protein 17	Homo sapiens	12-28
15257753-1	2004	BACKGROUND: Sperm protein 17 (Sp17) is a three-domain protein that contains: 1) a highly conserved N-terminal domain that is 45% identical to the human type II alpha regulatory subunit (RII alpha) of protein kinase A (PKA); 2) a central sulphated carbohydrate-binding domain; and 3) a C-terminal Ca++/calmodulin (CaM) binding domain.	Carbohydrates	247-259	sperm autoantigenic protein 17	Homo sapiens	30-34
26634209-4	2015	The increase in BMI found with the carbohydrate-rich and fat-rich diets showed correlation with the levels of leptin and adiponectin.	Carbohydrates	35-47	leptin	Mus musculus	110-116
15218103-9	2004	Surface plasmon resonance analysis showed that lamprey C1q specifically bound to GlcNAc, but not various other carbohydrates tested.	Carbohydrates	111-124	complement C1q A chain	Homo sapiens	55-58
15521168-3	2004	During this period, the cells accumulated the storage carbohydrates and raised the activity of the glycolytic enzymes hexokinase and phosphofructokinase.	Carbohydrates	54-67	hexokinase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	118-128
15142986-2	2004	Many HNF1 target genes are involved in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	39-51	HNF1 homeobox A	Mus musculus	5-9
15044396-3	2004	To apply the cancer-associated carbohydrate alteration to the improvement of PSA assay, we first elucidated the structures of PSA purified from human seminal fluid.	Carbohydrates	31-43	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	77-80
15044396-3	2004	To apply the cancer-associated carbohydrate alteration to the improvement of PSA assay, we first elucidated the structures of PSA purified from human seminal fluid.	Carbohydrates	31-43	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	126-129
26634209-4	2015	The increase in BMI found with the carbohydrate-rich and fat-rich diets showed correlation with the levels of leptin and adiponectin.	Carbohydrates	35-47	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	121-132
15044396-5	2004	However, we found the sialic acid alpha2-3 galactose linkage as an additional terminal carbohydrate structure on seminal fluid PSA.	Carbohydrates	87-99	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	127-130
15044396-6	2004	We then analyzed the carbohydrate moiety of serum PSA from the patients with prostate cancer and benign prostate hypertrophy using lectin affinity chromatography.	Carbohydrates	21-33	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	50-53
15159225-8	2004	E-selectin concentrations were higher after consumption of the TFA diet than after consumption of the carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	102-114	selectin E	Homo sapiens	0-10
26176030-1	2015	Dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR) is a C-type lectin receptor containing a carbohydrate recognition domain in its extracellular portion and an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif, which transduces negative signals into cells, in its cytoplasmic portion.	Carbohydrates	78-90	C-type lectin domain family 4, member a2	Mus musculus	0-29
15330271-0	2004	Tissue factor expression is decreased in monocytes obtained from blood during Mediterranean or high carbohydrate diets.	Carbohydrates	100-112	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	0-13
15330271-5	2004	Total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C and TF expression were lower after the Mediterranean and high carbohydrate diets than after the SFA diet, and there was a positive correlation between LDL-C levels and monocyte TF expression.	Carbohydrates	94-106	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	36-38
15330271-6	2004	CONCLUSIONS: High carbohydrate and Mediterranean diets reduce the expression of TF in circulating monocytes.	Carbohydrates	18-30	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	80-82
15141079-5	2004	The transcription of genes for fucosyltransferase VII (FUT7), sialyltransferase ST3Gal-I (ST3O), and UDP-galactose transporter-1 (UGT1), which are all known to be involved in the synthesis of the carbohydrate ligands for E-selectin, was significantly induced in cancer cells by hypoxic culture.	Carbohydrates	196-208	ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	90-94
15044396-8	2004	Concanavalin A, Lens culinaris, Aleuria aurantia, Sambucus nigra, and Maackia amurensis lectins were tested for their binding to the carbohydrates on PSA.	Carbohydrates	133-146	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	150-153
15231659-7	2004	These results indicate that the transition of carbohydrate determinants from disialyl Lewis(a)-dominant status to sialyl Lewis(a)-dominant status on malignant transformation has a dual functional consequence: the loss of normal cell-cell recognition between mucosal epithelial cells and lymphoid cells on one hand and the gain of E-selectin binding activity on the other.	Carbohydrates	46-58	selectin E	Homo sapiens	330-340
15060061-4	2004	The N-terminal extracellular region of polycystin-1 contains potential motifs for protein and carbohydrate interaction.	Carbohydrates	94-106	polycystin-1	Cricetulus griseus	39-51
15141079-5	2004	The transcription of genes for fucosyltransferase VII (FUT7), sialyltransferase ST3Gal-I (ST3O), and UDP-galactose transporter-1 (UGT1), which are all known to be involved in the synthesis of the carbohydrate ligands for E-selectin, was significantly induced in cancer cells by hypoxic culture.	Carbohydrates	196-208	selectin E	Homo sapiens	221-231
26176030-1	2015	Dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR) is a C-type lectin receptor containing a carbohydrate recognition domain in its extracellular portion and an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif, which transduces negative signals into cells, in its cytoplasmic portion.	Carbohydrates	78-90	C-type lectin domain family 4, member a2	Mus musculus	31-35
15100404-2	2004	Here we present biophysical modeling based on recently published data from flow chamber experiments, which supports the interpretation that L-selectin-mediated tethers below the shear threshold correspond to single L-selectin carbohydrate bonds dissociating on the time scale of milliseconds, whereas L-selectin-mediated tethers above the shear threshold are stabilized by multiple bonds and fast rebinding of broken bonds, resulting in tether lifetimes on the time scale of 10(-1) seconds.	Carbohydrates	226-238	selectin L	Homo sapiens	215-225
25178935-1	2015	Ficolin-3 (also called H-ficolin or Hakata antigen) is a complement-activating pattern recognition molecule, possessing a fibrinogen-like domain involved in carbohydrate binding.	Carbohydrates	157-169	ficolin 3	Homo sapiens	0-9
15100404-2	2004	Here we present biophysical modeling based on recently published data from flow chamber experiments, which supports the interpretation that L-selectin-mediated tethers below the shear threshold correspond to single L-selectin carbohydrate bonds dissociating on the time scale of milliseconds, whereas L-selectin-mediated tethers above the shear threshold are stabilized by multiple bonds and fast rebinding of broken bonds, resulting in tether lifetimes on the time scale of 10(-1) seconds.	Carbohydrates	226-238	selectin L	Homo sapiens	215-225
15033940-1	2004	Cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants of plants are essentially a mixture of N-glycans containing beta1,2-xylose and core alpha1,3-fucose, the latter also found in insect glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	15-27	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	125-133
15217620-4	2004	With these microarrays, we individually and competitively determined the binding profiles of five gp120 binding proteins, established the carbohydrate structural requirements for these interactions, and identified a potential strategy for HIV vaccine development.	Carbohydrates	138-150	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	98-103
25841374-3	2015	One antidiabetic therapeutic approach is to reduce gastrointestinal glucose production and absorption through the inhibition of carbohydrate-digesting enzymes such as alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase.	Carbohydrates	128-140	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	185-202
15136555-3	2004	Here we use carbohydrate arrays as a new approach to discovering the ligands of three recently described C-type lectin-type receptors on antigen-presenting cells: murine SIGN-R1, SIGN-R3 and langerin.	Carbohydrates	12-24	CD209d antigen	Mus musculus	179-186
14988251-6	2004	Accordingly, in transgenic mice, the human apoA-II gene is stimulated by a high-carbohydrate diet after fasting and at weaning.	Carbohydrates	80-92	apolipoprotein A2	Homo sapiens	43-50
27617300-0	2015	Coupling Neurogenetics (GARS ) and a Nutrigenomic Based Dopaminergic Agonist to Treat Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS): Targeting Polymorphic Reward Genes for Carbohydrate Addiction Algorithms.	Carbohydrates	159-171	glycyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	24-28
14657210-0	2004	The significance of carbohydrates on G-CSF: differential sensitivity of G-CSFs to human neutrophil elastase degradation.	Carbohydrates	20-33	colony stimulating factor 3	Homo sapiens	37-42
15206138-3	2004	Excess energy intake causes imbalance of energy transcription factors such as PPARs and SREBP-1c, which are deeply involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, leading to insulin resistance and dyslipidemia.	Carbohydrates	137-149	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	88-96
25497095-5	2014	Animals fed a high carbohydrate diet exhibit reduced mafr-1 expression and mutations in the insulin signaling pathway genes daf-18/PTEN and daf-16/FoxO abrogate the lipid storage defects associated with deregulated mafr-1 expression.	Carbohydrates	19-31	Repressor of RNA polymerase III transcription MAF1	Caenorhabditis elegans	53-59
15127452-0	2004	In pursuit of carbohydrate-based HIV vaccines, part 1: The total synthesis of hybrid-type gp120 fragments.	Carbohydrates	14-26	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	90-95
14725860-4	2004	In contrast, the expression of SHARP-2 mRNA was induced in rat livers by feeding a high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	88-100	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e40	Rattus norvegicus	31-38
25497095-5	2014	Animals fed a high carbohydrate diet exhibit reduced mafr-1 expression and mutations in the insulin signaling pathway genes daf-18/PTEN and daf-16/FoxO abrogate the lipid storage defects associated with deregulated mafr-1 expression.	Carbohydrates	19-31	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Homo sapiens	131-135
14638631-9	2004	Presence of laminin-1 or lactose prevented the effect of Gal-1, suggesting that the carbohydrate recognition domain is involved in inducing apoptosis.	Carbohydrates	84-96	laminin subunit alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	12-21
15202782-6	2004	Protein ligands, equipped with the appropriate carbohydrate and sulfate moieties for P-selectin binding, have been identified in normal peripheral blood leukocytes and several non-hematopoietic organs, as well as on cancer cells.	Carbohydrates	47-59	selectin P	Homo sapiens	85-95
25497095-5	2014	Animals fed a high carbohydrate diet exhibit reduced mafr-1 expression and mutations in the insulin signaling pathway genes daf-18/PTEN and daf-16/FoxO abrogate the lipid storage defects associated with deregulated mafr-1 expression.	Carbohydrates	19-31	Repressor of RNA polymerase III transcription MAF1	Caenorhabditis elegans	215-221
25104851-6	2014	The BMI-increasing allele of the FTO variant showed a significant association with higher dietary protein intake (effect per allele = 0.08 [0.06, 0.10] %, P = 2.4 x 10(-16)), and relative weak associations with lower total energy intake (-6.4 [-10.1, -2.6] kcal/day, P = 0.001) and lower dietary carbohydrate intake (-0.07 [-0.11, -0.02] %, P = 0.004).	Carbohydrates	296-308	FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	33-36
14736726-2	2004	Human AGP is a highly negatively charged acidic glycoprotein (pKa = 2.6; isoelectic point = 2.7) with a molecular weight of approximately 37,000 when examined by matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and contains di-, tri-, and tetraantennary carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	297-309	alpha-1-acid glycoprotein	Bos taurus	6-9
14736726-4	2004	In sheep AGP, mono- and disialo-diantennary carbohydrate chains were abundant.	Carbohydrates	44-56	alpha-1-acid glycoprotein	Bos taurus	9-12
14736726-9	2004	We found some novel carbohydrate chains containing both N-acetylneuraminic acid and N-glycolylneuraminic acid in bovine AGP.	Carbohydrates	20-32	alpha-1-acid glycoprotein	Bos taurus	120-123
14706009-6	2004	Beta-catenin and E-cadherin are suggested to play a crucial role in tumorigenesis and the biphasic arrangement of this neoplasm, concerning the expression of epithelial membrane antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9.	Carbohydrates	190-202	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-12
14686925-9	2004	The enhanced affinity for galectin-1 is in accord with the increased percentage of cell positivity in cytofluorimetric and histochemical analysis of carbohydrate-dependent binding of labeled neoglycoproteins to cultured tumor cells and routinely processed lung cancer sections.	Carbohydrates	149-161	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	26-36
25049238-5	2014	More importantly, a glycan array screening revealed that single-point mutations in the CBL2 could produce significant changes in the carbohydrate specificity of the protein.	Carbohydrates	133-145	Cbl proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	87-91
15254658-2	2004	E-selectin can support adhesion of colon cancer cells through the recognition of specific carbohydrate ligands.	Carbohydrates	90-102	selectin E	Homo sapiens	0-10
25292424-4	2014	The altered activities of the key metabolic enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism such as hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and hepatic enzymes AST, ALT, and ALP levels of diabetic rats were significantly improved by the administration of myrtenal in STZ-induced diabetic rats.	Carbohydrates	64-76	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	108-129
14642810-1	2003	Previously, we found a novel protein factor in the livers of rats fed a high-carbohydrate diet, which binds to the major late transcription factor (MLTF)-like site within the glucose response element (GRE) of the liver-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK) gene [J. Biol.	Carbohydrates	77-89	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	213-239
14642810-1	2003	Previously, we found a novel protein factor in the livers of rats fed a high-carbohydrate diet, which binds to the major late transcription factor (MLTF)-like site within the glucose response element (GRE) of the liver-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK) gene [J. Biol.	Carbohydrates	77-89	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	241-245
15280118-2	2004	In the adult, leptin acts centrally to inhibit neuropeptide Y-induced carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	70-82	leptin	Homo sapiens	14-20
14988238-9	2004	These data clearly demonstrate that nutritional regulation of SREBP-1c and lipogenic genes may be completely independent of insulin as long as sufficient carbohydrates are available.	Carbohydrates	154-167	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	62-70
24854997-8	2014	Recombinant galectin-1 binding to isolated trophoblast mucin in solid-phase assay was sensitive to lactose, a carbohydrate inhibitor of galectin binding.	Carbohydrates	110-122	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	12-22
14576172-1	2004	Human galectin-1 is a dimeric carbohydrate binding protein (Gal-1) (subunit 14.6 kDa) widely expressed by many cells but whose carbohydrate binding specificity is not well understood.	Carbohydrates	30-42	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	6-16
14576172-1	2004	Human galectin-1 is a dimeric carbohydrate binding protein (Gal-1) (subunit 14.6 kDa) widely expressed by many cells but whose carbohydrate binding specificity is not well understood.	Carbohydrates	30-42	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	60-65
14532330-4	2003	EPM2A encodes a protein of 331 amino acids (named laforin) with two domains, a dual-specificity phosphatase domain and a carbohydrate binding domain.	Carbohydrates	121-133	EPM2A glucan phosphatase, laforin	Homo sapiens	0-5
14532330-4	2003	EPM2A encodes a protein of 331 amino acids (named laforin) with two domains, a dual-specificity phosphatase domain and a carbohydrate binding domain.	Carbohydrates	121-133	EPM2A glucan phosphatase, laforin	Homo sapiens	50-57
24854997-11	2014	These results suggest that trophoblast mucin(s) could act as binding partners of galectin-1, in a carbohydrate-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	98-110	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	81-91
25314138-3	2014	They were found to be partially acylated tetra- or pentasaccharides derived from simonic acid B and operculinic acids A and C. The site of the aglycone macrolactonization was placed at C-2 or C-3 of the second saccharide moiety, while the two acylating residues could be located at C-2 (or C-3) of the second rhamnose unit and at C-4 (or C-3) on the third rhamnose moiety.	Carbohydrates	56-66	complement C2	Homo sapiens	185-188
12881409-7	2003	Affinity purification of galectin-interacting proteins from solubilized neutrophil membrane revealed that N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of galectin-8 bound promatrix metalloproteinase-9 (proMMP-9), and C-terminal CRD bound integrin alphaM/CD11b and proMMP-9.	Carbohydrates	117-129	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	158-168
12881409-8	2003	A mutant galectin-8 lacking the carbohydrate-binding activity of N-terminal CRD (galectin-8R69H) retained adhesion-inducing activity, but inactivation of C-terminal CRD (galectin-8R233H) abolished the activity.	Carbohydrates	32-44	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	9-19
14555686-1	2004	The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of insulin on skeletal muscle GLUT-4 protein expression and glycogen storage after postexercise carbohydrate supplementation.	Carbohydrates	150-162	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	84-90
14555686-11	2004	These results suggest that insulin is essential for the increase in GLUT-4 protein expression following postexercise carbohydrate supplementation.	Carbohydrates	117-129	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	68-74
25314138-3	2014	They were found to be partially acylated tetra- or pentasaccharides derived from simonic acid B and operculinic acids A and C. The site of the aglycone macrolactonization was placed at C-2 or C-3 of the second saccharide moiety, while the two acylating residues could be located at C-2 (or C-3) of the second rhamnose unit and at C-4 (or C-3) on the third rhamnose moiety.	Carbohydrates	56-66	complement C2	Homo sapiens	282-285
14989432-6	2004	CONCLUSION: The molecular mass difference in the BSSL molecular forms cannot be attributed to the type of carbohydrate moiety in the sugar chains of the N- and O-linked sites suggesting that the differences arise from the extent or quantity of glycosylation.	Carbohydrates	106-118	carboxyl ester lipase	Homo sapiens	49-53
12799316-3	2003	The increase in GLUT4 reverses within 40 h after exercise in carbohydrate-fed rats.	Carbohydrates	61-73	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	16-21
25314138-3	2014	They were found to be partially acylated tetra- or pentasaccharides derived from simonic acid B and operculinic acids A and C. The site of the aglycone macrolactonization was placed at C-2 or C-3 of the second saccharide moiety, while the two acylating residues could be located at C-2 (or C-3) of the second rhamnose unit and at C-4 (or C-3) on the third rhamnose moiety.	Carbohydrates	56-66	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	330-333
12799316-7	2003	These increases in GLUT4 mRNA and protein reversed completely within 42 h after exercise in rats fed a high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	108-120	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	19-24
25163913-1	2014	Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) comprises carbohydrates, membrane-specific proteins, glycoproteins, phospholipids, and sphingolipids.	Carbohydrates	43-56	milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing	Mus musculus	27-31
12799316-9	2003	GLUT4 mRNA was still elevated at 42 h but had returned to baseline by 66 h after exercise in rats fed the carbohydrate-free diet.	Carbohydrates	106-118	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
12799316-10	2003	Glycogen-depleted rats fed carbohydrate 66 h after exercise underwent muscle glycogen supercompensation with concomitant reversal of the increase in GLUT4.	Carbohydrates	27-39	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	149-154
12869692-6	2003	Transfection of mouse or human insig-1 into 3T3-L1 preadipocytes completely prevented oil red O staining and blocked upregulation of aP2, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2, and carbohydrate response element-binding protein, while reducing down-regulation of preadipocyte factor 1.	Carbohydrates	193-205	insulin induced gene 1	Homo sapiens	31-38
14576179-7	2004	The effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were associated with elevated phosphorylation of 5"-AMP-activated protein kinase in liver and elevated expression of peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma2, caveolin-1, and mitochondrial markers in white adipose tissue.	Carbohydrates	15-27	caveolin 1, caveolae protein	Mus musculus	218-228
14971047-4	2004	The cytoplasmic tail of CLECSF8 lacks consensus signaling motifs and its extracellular region shows a single carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD).	Carbohydrates	109-121	C-type lectin domain family 4 member D	Homo sapiens	24-31
15001844-2	2004	Glycosylated IL-1alpha (Neu5Ac-Gal-IL-1alpha) was purified by anion-exchange chromatography and average number of carbohydrate molecules introduced per molecule of IL-1alpha was 2.5.	Carbohydrates	114-126	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	35-44
12878160-2	2003	To identify new members related to two previously characterized intracellular lectins ERGIC-53/p58 and VIP36, we carried out an extensive database search using the conserved carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) as a search string.	Carbohydrates	174-186	lectin, mannose binding 2	Homo sapiens	103-108
12600830-8	2003	The results of this study suggest that exposure of airway cells to EGF may result in remodeling of mucin carbohydrate structure, potentially altering the biological properties of the cells.	Carbohydrates	105-117	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	67-70
25252784-7	2014	Thus, restricting the conformational flexibility of Lipid A by fixing the molecular shape of its carbohydrate backbone in the "agonistic" conformation attained by a rigid alphaGlcN(1 1)alphaMan scaffold represents an efficient approach toward powerful and adjustable TLR4 activation.	Carbohydrates	97-109	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	267-271
12849869-2	2003	DESIGN AND METHODS: The quantitative precipitin method of concanavalin A (Con A)-carbohydrate interaction was explored with the serum PSA of patients suffering from prostatic complications.	Carbohydrates	81-93	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	134-137
14674750-11	2003	The finding that the ganglioside"s carbohydrate chain is subject to differential conformer selection at the sialylgalactose linkage by galectin-1 and GM(1)-binding cholera toxin (Phi and Psi values of -172 degrees and -26 degrees, respectively) is relevant for toxin-directed drug design.	Carbohydrates	35-47	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	135-145
12849869-3	2003	RESULTS: The carbohydrate content in the precipitate after binding of Con A with serum PSA of prostate cancer was significantly lower than that of benign prostate hyperplasia.	Carbohydrates	13-25	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	87-90
25284427-6	2014	Constitutive activation of SKN-1 induces a similar transcriptional response, which protects animals from fat accumulation when fed a high carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	138-150	BZIP domain-containing protein;Protein skinhead-1	Caenorhabditis elegans	27-32
12849869-5	2003	CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that a serum value &lt;3.0 microg/ml of the carbohydrate content of Con A-PSA precipitate indicates strong suspicion for prostate cancer and this cut off level is effective in reducing the rate of unnecessary biopsies in men with total PSA value between 4.0 to 10.0 ng/ml.	Carbohydrates	69-81	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	99-102
12849869-5	2003	CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that a serum value &lt;3.0 microg/ml of the carbohydrate content of Con A-PSA precipitate indicates strong suspicion for prostate cancer and this cut off level is effective in reducing the rate of unnecessary biopsies in men with total PSA value between 4.0 to 10.0 ng/ml.	Carbohydrates	69-81	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	261-264
12791093-1	2003	The mannan-binding lectin (MBL) pathway and the classical pathway of complement activation are initiated by the binding of the recognition structure of the initiator complexes, MBL and C1q, respectively, to their ligands, i.e. carbohydrate structures or immune complexes.	Carbohydrates	227-239	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	4-25
14644168-7	2003	These data highlight a novel deregulatory effect of extracellular Trx upon morphological capillary differentiation that appears to depend upon the reduction of laminin and destabilisation of its interaction with galectin-3, possibly leading to galectin-3 neutralisation that shifts cell/matrix adhesive interactions away from being carbohydrate mediated and results in loss of proliferation-inhibiting and differentiation promoting cues from this tumor basement membrane matrix.	Carbohydrates	332-344	thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	66-69
15073570-6	2003	After carbohydrate administration (OGTT) a marked increase of insulin, beta-endorphin and NPY was found.	Carbohydrates	6-18	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	90-93
25213663-1	2014	Increased expression of sialyl Lewis(x/a) carbohydrates, ligands for E-selectin, correlates with clinically advanced stages and metastasis of gastric and colon cancers.	Carbohydrates	42-55	selectin E	Homo sapiens	69-79
14557465-1	2003	The hepatic protein mannan-binding lectin (MBL) activates the complement system on binding to carbohydrate patterns and is involved in first-line defense against invading microorganisms.	Carbohydrates	94-106	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	20-41
14557465-1	2003	The hepatic protein mannan-binding lectin (MBL) activates the complement system on binding to carbohydrate patterns and is involved in first-line defense against invading microorganisms.	Carbohydrates	94-106	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	43-46
12791093-1	2003	The mannan-binding lectin (MBL) pathway and the classical pathway of complement activation are initiated by the binding of the recognition structure of the initiator complexes, MBL and C1q, respectively, to their ligands, i.e. carbohydrate structures or immune complexes.	Carbohydrates	227-239	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	27-30
12791093-1	2003	The mannan-binding lectin (MBL) pathway and the classical pathway of complement activation are initiated by the binding of the recognition structure of the initiator complexes, MBL and C1q, respectively, to their ligands, i.e. carbohydrate structures or immune complexes.	Carbohydrates	227-239	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	177-180
12791093-1	2003	The mannan-binding lectin (MBL) pathway and the classical pathway of complement activation are initiated by the binding of the recognition structure of the initiator complexes, MBL and C1q, respectively, to their ligands, i.e. carbohydrate structures or immune complexes.	Carbohydrates	227-239	complement C1q A chain	Homo sapiens	185-188
26015978-0	2014	AAV8-mediated Sirt1 gene transfer to the liver prevents high carbohydrate diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.	Carbohydrates	61-73	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	14-19
12758159-0	2003	Identification of an equilibrium intermediate in the unfolding process of galectin-1, which retains its carbohydrate-binding specificity.	Carbohydrates	104-116	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	74-84
12805006-0	2003	[Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors PPARs: their role in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism].	Carbohydrates	66-78	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	1-44
12855703-14	2003	beta3Gal-T5, controlled by the intestinal homeoproteins, may play an important role in the specific function of intestinal cells by modifying the carbohydrate structure of glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	146-158	beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase 5	Homo sapiens	0-11
12937781-6	2003	The significance of the presence of insulin in these plant tissues is not fully understood but we speculate that it may be involved in the transport of carbohydrate to the fruit.	Carbohydrates	152-164	insulin	Bos taurus	36-43
26015978-4	2014	Here we show that adeno-associated viral vectors of serotype 8 (AAV8)-mediated liver-specific Sirt1 gene transfer prevents the development of NAFLD induced by a high carbohydrate (HC) diet.	Carbohydrates	166-178	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	94-99
12796501-5	2003	Northern blot analysis revealed that the levels of SHARP-2 mRNA increase when a high carbohydrate diet is fed to normal rats or when insulin is administered to diabetic rats.	Carbohydrates	85-97	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e40	Rattus norvegicus	51-58
12805006-7	2003	Carbohydrate metabolism is also under the control of PPAR and their exogenous ligands, (ie: thiasolidinediones), are important antidiabetic drugs.	Carbohydrates	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	53-57
12814940-10	2003	Trophoblast l-selectin likely interacts with carbohydrate selectin ligands that are upregulated on uterine glandular epithelium during the window of receptivity.	Carbohydrates	45-57	selectin L	Homo sapiens	12-22
25185550-0	2014	Carbohydrate conformation and lipid condensation in monolayers containing glycosphingolipid Gb3: influence of acyl chain structure.	Carbohydrates	0-12	alpha 1,4-galactosyltransferase (P blood group)	Homo sapiens	92-95
12556471-5	2003	Interestingly, however, the binding of PP14 to T cell surfaces was not restricted to CD45 alone, with evidence showing that PP14 binds to other surface molecules in a carbohydrate-dependent fashion.	Carbohydrates	167-179	progestagen associated endometrial protein	Homo sapiens	39-43
12556471-5	2003	Interestingly, however, the binding of PP14 to T cell surfaces was not restricted to CD45 alone, with evidence showing that PP14 binds to other surface molecules in a carbohydrate-dependent fashion.	Carbohydrates	167-179	progestagen associated endometrial protein	Homo sapiens	124-128
25185550-6	2014	XR results showed that lipid environment and Gb3 acyl chain structure impact carbohydrate conformation with greater solvent accessibility observed for smaller phospholipid headgroups and long Gb3 acyl chains.	Carbohydrates	77-89	alpha 1,4-galactosyltransferase (P blood group)	Homo sapiens	45-48
12887298-4	2003	The MBL process includes three chromatographic steps, where the first and key step is affinity chromatography on a cross-linked agarose matrix selecting for oligomeric, carbohydrate-binding MBL.	Carbohydrates	169-181	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	4-7
12887298-4	2003	The MBL process includes three chromatographic steps, where the first and key step is affinity chromatography on a cross-linked agarose matrix selecting for oligomeric, carbohydrate-binding MBL.	Carbohydrates	169-181	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	190-193
25185550-9	2014	The interplay between Gb3-induced changes in lipid packing and the lipid environment"s impact on carbohydrate conformation has broad implications for glycosphingolipid macromolecule recognition and ligand binding.	Carbohydrates	97-109	alpha 1,4-galactosyltransferase (P blood group)	Homo sapiens	22-25
12672413-2	2003	Carbohydrate sulfation was implicated in this process, when it was demonstrated that carbohydrate sulfotransferase-mediated sulfation of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) within sialyl Lewis X of cognate endothelial ligands for L-selectin was an essential modification for L-selectin binding.	Carbohydrates	0-12	selectin L	Homo sapiens	223-233
24825317-5	2014	The functional carbohydrate recognition domain of MBL was required for perinuclear organization, distribution and subcellular trafficking of MBL:gp120 vesicular complexes.	Carbohydrates	15-27	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	50-53
12672413-2	2003	Carbohydrate sulfation was implicated in this process, when it was demonstrated that carbohydrate sulfotransferase-mediated sulfation of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) within sialyl Lewis X of cognate endothelial ligands for L-selectin was an essential modification for L-selectin binding.	Carbohydrates	0-12	selectin L	Homo sapiens	268-278
12861230-2	2003	The aim of this study was to assess the effect of adding daily exercise to a short-term high-carbohydrate diet on fasting and postprandial leptin levels.	Carbohydrates	93-105	leptin	Homo sapiens	139-145
24825317-5	2014	The functional carbohydrate recognition domain of MBL was required for perinuclear organization, distribution and subcellular trafficking of MBL:gp120 vesicular complexes.	Carbohydrates	15-27	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	141-144
12679442-3	2003	Substitution of dietary carbohydrate for fat has been shown to increase the area under the plasma leptin vs. time curve (AUC) over the course of 24 h. This effect, if sustained, could explain the absence of a compensatory increase in appetite on a low fat diet.	Carbohydrates	24-36	leptin	Homo sapiens	98-104
24825317-5	2014	The functional carbohydrate recognition domain of MBL was required for perinuclear organization, distribution and subcellular trafficking of MBL:gp120 vesicular complexes.	Carbohydrates	15-27	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	145-150
12835617-1	2003	The aim of the study was to investigate whether genetic variation in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) is associated with type 2 diabetes and altered lipid or carbohydrate metabolism in glucose tolerant subjects.	Carbohydrates	190-202	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	73-121
24913063-7	2014	Proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism (Fbp1-isoform 2), oxidative stress response (Prdx2), and detoxification (Glod4) were up-regulated.	Carbohydrates	21-33	glyoxalase domain containing 4	Mus musculus	118-123
12835617-1	2003	The aim of the study was to investigate whether genetic variation in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) is associated with type 2 diabetes and altered lipid or carbohydrate metabolism in glucose tolerant subjects.	Carbohydrates	190-202	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	123-132
12745420-3	2003	Concanavalin A (Con A) affinity electrophoresis and ligand blotting demonstrated that there was a gradual change in carbohydrate properties of putative IGFBP-3 with progression of ALC from stages A to C. As many as 12 ionic species of IGFBP-3 could be distinguished, corresponding probably to variously glycosylated and/or phosphorylated isoforms of the core protein.	Carbohydrates	116-128	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	152-159
25002471-3	2014	We adapted the pattern-recognition receptor Dectin-1 to activate T cells via chimeric CD28 and CD3-zeta (designated "D-CAR") upon binding with carbohydrate in the cell wall of Aspergillus germlings.	Carbohydrates	143-155	C-type lectin domain containing 7A	Homo sapiens	44-52
25002471-3	2014	We adapted the pattern-recognition receptor Dectin-1 to activate T cells via chimeric CD28 and CD3-zeta (designated "D-CAR") upon binding with carbohydrate in the cell wall of Aspergillus germlings.	Carbohydrates	143-155	CD247 molecule	Homo sapiens	95-103
12857818-2	2003	HRGPs are generally highly O-glycosylated through the Hyp residues, which means carbohydrates help define the interactive molecular surface and, hence, HRGP function.	Carbohydrates	80-93	extensin-1-like	Nicotiana tabacum	0-4
12614978-7	2003	If the SNS inhibition overrides the HPA axis" activation of leptin secretion, leptin"s role during stress may be to allow a shifting of fuel consumption towards carbohydrate utilization.	Carbohydrates	161-173	leptin	Homo sapiens	78-84
24718258-1	2014	As a member of beta-galactoside-binding proteins family, Galectin-1 (Gal-1) contains a single carbohydrate recognition domain, by means of which it can bind glycans both as a monomer and as a homodimer.	Carbohydrates	94-106	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	69-74
12621364-4	2003	Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is a plasma protein that plays an important role in innate immunity through activation of the complement cascade and inflammation following binding to carbohydrate structures.	Carbohydrates	179-191	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-21
12621364-4	2003	Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is a plasma protein that plays an important role in innate immunity through activation of the complement cascade and inflammation following binding to carbohydrate structures.	Carbohydrates	179-191	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	23-26
12829775-1	2003	Human antibody 2G12 neutralizes a broad range of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates by binding an unusually dense cluster of carbohydrate moieties on the "silent" face of the gp120 envelope glycoprotein.	Carbohydrates	143-155	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	193-198
12829775-5	2003	The unique interdigitation of Fab domains within an antibody uncovers a previously unappreciated mechanism for high-affinity recognition of carbohydrate or other repeating epitopes on cell or microbial surfaces.	Carbohydrates	140-152	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	30-33
24991284-2	2014	Here, we describe the convergent synthesis of the bifunctional multivalent glycodendron 5, which contains nine residues of mannose for DC targeting and one residue of an immunogenic mimetic of a carbohydrate melanoma associated antigen.	Carbohydrates	195-207	ankyrin repeat domain 36B	Homo sapiens	208-235
12581643-8	2003	The new structures have a remarkable degree of ordered carbohydrate and include parts of the antithrombin chain not modeled before.	Carbohydrates	55-67	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	93-105
12581643-10	2003	They show that the structural basis of the lower affinity for heparin of alpha-antithrombin over beta-antithrombin is due to the conformational change that occurs upon heparin binding being sterically hindered by the presence of the additional bulky carbohydrate at Asn135.	Carbohydrates	250-262	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	79-91
12581643-10	2003	They show that the structural basis of the lower affinity for heparin of alpha-antithrombin over beta-antithrombin is due to the conformational change that occurs upon heparin binding being sterically hindered by the presence of the additional bulky carbohydrate at Asn135.	Carbohydrates	250-262	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	102-114
12786955-8	2003	Deglycosylation analysis indicates that the slower migration rate of HMW-DSP on SDS-PAGE results from its higher level of carbohydrate modifications.	Carbohydrates	122-134	dentin sialophosphoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	69-76
24548145-0	2014	CRY1 circadian gene variant interacts with carbohydrate intake for insulin resistance in two independent populations: Mediterranean and North American.	Carbohydrates	43-55	cryptochrome circadian regulator 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
12805252-0	2003	Postprandial leptin response to carbohydrate and fat meals in obese women.	Carbohydrates	32-44	leptin	Homo sapiens	13-19
12805252-1	2003	OBJECTIVE: To assess the postprandial leptin responses to a carbohydrate and a fatty meal in obese subjects and its association with postprandial insulin response.	Carbohydrates	60-72	leptin	Homo sapiens	38-44
12805252-4	2003	RESULTS: In obese subjects, as in lean subjects, postprandial leptin response, calculated as the increment above fasting values, was higher after the carbohydrate meal than after the fatty meal (p &lt; 0.01).	Carbohydrates	150-162	leptin	Homo sapiens	62-68
12499539-6	2003	The ChE subunits have carbohydrate chains attached to their Asn314 and Asn351 residues, with two ordered N-acetyl-D-glucosoamine moieties visible at each site.	Carbohydrates	22-34	carboxyl ester lipase	Homo sapiens	4-7
12524383-2	2003	The human collectins, mannan-binding lectin (MBL) and surfactant protein A and D (SP-A and SP-D), are oligomeric proteins composed of carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) attached to collagenous regions and are thus structurally similar to the ficolins, L-ficolin, M-ficolin, and H-ficolin.	Carbohydrates	134-146	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	22-43
12524383-2	2003	The human collectins, mannan-binding lectin (MBL) and surfactant protein A and D (SP-A and SP-D), are oligomeric proteins composed of carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) attached to collagenous regions and are thus structurally similar to the ficolins, L-ficolin, M-ficolin, and H-ficolin.	Carbohydrates	134-146	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	45-48
12805252-5	2003	However, after the carbohydrate meal, postprandial leptin increment was lower (p &lt; 0.05) in obese subjects than in lean controls.	Carbohydrates	19-31	leptin	Homo sapiens	51-57
12805252-8	2003	CONCLUSION: These results indicate that postprandial leptin response is lower after a carbohydrate meal in obese women than in lean controls, suggesting an impairment of postprandial leptin regulation in obese women.	Carbohydrates	86-98	leptin	Homo sapiens	53-59
24548145-6	2014	Cohort-specific interaction analyses showed significant interactions between the CRY1 variant and dietary carbohydrates for insulin resistance in both populations (p &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	106-119	cryptochrome circadian regulator 1	Homo sapiens	81-85
23934358-1	2014	The markers of endothelial dysfunction, including soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin), are related to insulin resistance, which is associated with metabolic inflexibility, i.e., impaired stimulation of carbohydrate oxidation and impaired inhibition of lipid oxidation by insulin.	Carbohydrates	199-211	selectin E	Homo sapiens	58-68
12678821-3	2003	Major ligands of E-selectin, the selectin family member expressed on vascular endothelial cells, include sialylated, fucosylated glycans such as Sialyl Lewis type carbohydrate complexes (SLe(x) and SLe(a)).	Carbohydrates	163-175	selectin E	Homo sapiens	17-27
12600983-6	2003	Quantification of the gene expression profile in this INS-1 stable clone revealed that naSREBP-1c induced beta-cell dysfunction by targeting multiple genes dedicated to carbohydrate metabolism, lipid biosynthesis, cell growth, and apoptosis.	Carbohydrates	169-181	insulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	54-59
12487819-1	2002	Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a C-type lectin of the innate immune system that binds to carbohydrates on the surface of certain microorganisms.	Carbohydrates	90-103	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-22
12393589-8	2002	As the EWVDV peptides inhibit the binding of an established glycoside ligand for P-selectin (sulfated Lewis A), it is conceivable that EWVDV interacts with or in close proximity to the actual carbohydrate recognition domain of P-selectin, without being a direct structural mimic of sialyl Lewis(x).	Carbohydrates	192-204	selectin P	Homo sapiens	81-91
24451368-4	2014	High glucose- or fat-mediated induction of Mstn was controlled at the level of transcription, as highly conserved carbohydrate response and sterol-responsive (E-box) elements were present in the Mstn promoter and were revealed to be critical for ChREBP (carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein) or SREBP1c (sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c) regulation of Mstn expression.	Carbohydrates	114-126	myostatin	Mus musculus	43-47
12218059-8	2002	Both hCGn6ST and mIGn6ST, but not hIGn6ST, transfer sulfate to longer carbohydrate substrates that have poly-N-acetyllactosamine structures, suggesting the involvement of hCGn6ST and mIGn6ST in production of keratan sulfate.	Carbohydrates	70-82	carbohydrate sulfotransferase 6	Homo sapiens	5-12
12697418-3	2003	However, this RPE myosin displays characteristics that are atypical of other myosins, including an affinity for carbohydrate and a C-terminal sequence extension, suggesting it may have a specialized function.	Carbohydrates	112-124	myosin heavy chain 14	Homo sapiens	18-24
24451368-4	2014	High glucose- or fat-mediated induction of Mstn was controlled at the level of transcription, as highly conserved carbohydrate response and sterol-responsive (E-box) elements were present in the Mstn promoter and were revealed to be critical for ChREBP (carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein) or SREBP1c (sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c) regulation of Mstn expression.	Carbohydrates	114-126	myostatin	Mus musculus	195-199
12423348-6	2002	Cystatin F purified from lysates of U937 cells showed three major forms carrying two, one or no carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	96-108	cystatin F	Homo sapiens	0-10
24451368-4	2014	High glucose- or fat-mediated induction of Mstn was controlled at the level of transcription, as highly conserved carbohydrate response and sterol-responsive (E-box) elements were present in the Mstn promoter and were revealed to be critical for ChREBP (carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein) or SREBP1c (sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c) regulation of Mstn expression.	Carbohydrates	114-126	myostatin	Mus musculus	195-199
12717428-5	2003	Hepatic TAg expression could be efficiently repressed by switching mice from the low to the high-carbohydrate diet, which if instigated prior to the development of HCC, resulted in rapid regression through a p53-independent reduction in hepatocyte proliferation and an increase in hepatocyte apoptosis.	Carbohydrates	97-109	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	208-211
24418318-2	2014	Focusing on the F19Y change in human galectin-8, connected clinically to rheumatoid arthritis, we here initiate the study of consequences of a single-site substitution in the carbohydrate recognition domain of this family of cellular effectors.	Carbohydrates	175-187	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	37-47
12475640-13	2002	Our results suggest that manipulation of the gene for LH3 can be used to selectively alter the glycosylation and hydroxylation reactions, and provides a new tool to clarify the functions of the unique hydroxylysine linked carbohydrates in collagens and other proteins.	Carbohydrates	222-235	procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 3	Homo sapiens	54-57
12223273-6	2002	Different galectin-1 counter-receptors associated with specific phosphatase or kinase activities formed separate clusters on the surface of the cells as a result of the lectin binding to the carbohydrate chains of the respective glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	191-203	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	10-20
24434903-4	2014	Mass spectrometric peptide analysis identified 45 individual hexokinase-dependent proteins related to carbohydrate, short-chain fatty acid and tricarboxylic acid metabolism as well as to amino acid and protein turnover, but also to general stress response and chromatin remodeling, which occurred as a consequence of KlHxk1 deficiency at a minimum 3-fold enhanced or reduced level in the mutant proteome.	Carbohydrates	102-114	hexokinase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	61-71
12223273-9	2002	The separation of specific glycoprotein receptors induced by galectin-1 binding was modeled on the basis of molecular and structural studies of the binding of lectins to multivalent carbohydrates resulting in the formation of specific two- and three-dimensional cross-linked lattices [Biochemistry 36 (1997) 15073].	Carbohydrates	182-195	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	61-71
12663789-3	2003	Difference maps between the glycosylated and deglycosylated CD155 complexes determined the sites of the carbohydrate moieties that, in turn, helped to verify the position of the receptor relative to the viral surface.	Carbohydrates	104-116	PVR cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	60-65
12663789-4	2003	The proximity of the CD155 carbohydrate site at Asn105 to the viral surface in the receptor-virus complex suggests that it might interfere with receptor docking, an observation consistent with the properties of mutant CD155.	Carbohydrates	27-39	PVR cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	21-26
12663789-4	2003	The proximity of the CD155 carbohydrate site at Asn105 to the viral surface in the receptor-virus complex suggests that it might interfere with receptor docking, an observation consistent with the properties of mutant CD155.	Carbohydrates	27-39	PVR cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	218-223
12630884-2	2003	The design of the inhibitors exploits the proximity of the C-2" hydroxyl groups of two P(k)-trisaccharides when bound to two different, neighboring carbohydrate recognizing binding sites located on the surface of Shiga-like toxin.	Carbohydrates	148-160	complement C2	Homo sapiens	59-62
12110688-3	2002	The binding of CV-N to the heavily glycosylated HIV envelope protein gp120 is carbohydrate-dependent.	Carbohydrates	78-90	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	69-74
24655485-11	2014	Carbohydrate and CHO + BCAA supplementation significantly increased IRS-1 compared with PLC (P = .002).	Carbohydrates	0-12	insulin receptor substrate 1	Homo sapiens	68-73
12188668-1	2002	Numerous carbohydrate-processing enzymes facilitate catalysis via stabilization of positive charges on or near the C-1, C-4, C-5, or C-6 positions.	Carbohydrates	9-21	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C	Homo sapiens	115-118
12188668-1	2002	Numerous carbohydrate-processing enzymes facilitate catalysis via stabilization of positive charges on or near the C-1, C-4, C-5, or C-6 positions.	Carbohydrates	9-21	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	120-123
12188668-1	2002	Numerous carbohydrate-processing enzymes facilitate catalysis via stabilization of positive charges on or near the C-1, C-4, C-5, or C-6 positions.	Carbohydrates	9-21	complement C5	Homo sapiens	125-128
12612162-2	2003	In animal studies, fat intake is increased by both opioids and galanin and reduced by enterostatin, whereas carbohydrate intake is increased by neuropeptide Y (NPY).	Carbohydrates	108-120	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	144-158
12612162-2	2003	In animal studies, fat intake is increased by both opioids and galanin and reduced by enterostatin, whereas carbohydrate intake is increased by neuropeptide Y (NPY).	Carbohydrates	108-120	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	160-163
24398675-6	2014	In normal animals, SREBP-1 deficiency increased Pck1 and reduced glycogen deposition during fed conditions, providing evidence that SREBP-1 is necessary to regulate carbohydrate metabolism during the fed state.	Carbohydrates	165-177	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	19-26
14579601-0	2003	Carbohydrate recognition of vesicular integral protein of 36 kDa (ViP36) in intracellular transport of newly synthesized glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	0-12	lectin, mannose binding 2	Homo sapiens	28-64
14579601-0	2003	Carbohydrate recognition of vesicular integral protein of 36 kDa (ViP36) in intracellular transport of newly synthesized glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	0-12	lectin, mannose binding 2	Homo sapiens	66-71
12234361-6	2002	C-type lectins such as DC-SIGN contain a lectin domain that recognizes in a Ca2+-dependent manner carbohydrates such as mannose-containing structures presented on the glycoproteins ICAM-2 and ICAM-3.	Carbohydrates	98-111	intercellular adhesion molecule 2	Homo sapiens	181-187
24398675-10	2014	In conclusion, silencing both isoforms of SREBP-1 leads to significant changes in carbohydrate metabolism and does not improve insulin resistance despite reducing steatosis in an animal model of obesity and type 2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	82-94	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	42-49
12617688-3	2003	During endurance exercises, the amount of saccharide chains from two blood glycoproteins (alpha(2)-macroglobulin and alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein) was found to have decreased, i.e. concentrations of these proteins remained unchanged but their quality changed.	Carbohydrates	42-52	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Homo sapiens	90-112
12133957-5	2002	Binding of the V alpha 14(+) TCR to CD1d requires the agonist alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer), as opposed to the nonantigenic beta-galactosylceramide, although both Ags bind to CD1d, indicating that the carbohydrate moiety of the CD1d-bound Ag plays a major role in the TCR interaction.	Carbohydrates	211-223	T cell receptor alpha variable 6-3	Mus musculus	29-32
24567125-6	2014	Interestingly, a positive correlation between irisin and carbohydrate intake was found at the end of the experimental period.	Carbohydrates	57-69	fibronectin type III domain containing 5	Homo sapiens	46-52
12374202-6	2002	The TCR interacts with aminoacids present in the two alpha helices and with residues provided by the carbohydrate moiety of glycosphingolipids and discriminates their structural variations.	Carbohydrates	101-113	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	4-7
12639001-3	2003	A simplified phenotypic testing technique (PhenePlate, PhP) was used to study the fermentation kinetics of eleven carbohydrates by all bacterial isolates.	Carbohydrates	114-127	N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	55-58
24180678-12	2014	CONCLUSION: The carbohydrate moiety (alpha-Gal) on laminin gamma-1 and collagen alpha-1 (VI) chain are possibly common IgE-reactive proteins in the Japanese patients with beef allergy.	Carbohydrates	16-28	collagen type VI alpha 1 chain	Homo sapiens	51-98
12473150-3	2002	The carbohydrate-binding ability of MBL can be inhibited by simple sugars like mannose, fucose and N-acetylglucosamine, but its greatest avidity appears to be for repeating mannose-based structural patterns typical of microbial surfaces.	Carbohydrates	4-16	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	36-39
12133001-3	2002	To address this issue, we performed an analysis of the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD-I) near the N-terminus of recombinant rat galectin-4 (G4-N) by the biotin/avidin-mediated microtitre plate lectin-binding assay with natural glycoproteins (gps)/polysaccharide and by the inhibition of galectin-glycan interactions with a panel of glycosubstances.	Carbohydrates	55-67	galectin 4	Rattus norvegicus	134-144
12413942-0	2002	Concerted elevation of acyl-coenzyme A:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) activity through independent stimulation of mRNA expression of DGAT1 and DGAT2 by carbohydrate and insulin.	Carbohydrates	159-171	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Mus musculus	71-75
12413942-0	2002	Concerted elevation of acyl-coenzyme A:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) activity through independent stimulation of mRNA expression of DGAT1 and DGAT2 by carbohydrate and insulin.	Carbohydrates	159-171	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Mus musculus	140-145
12429838-10	2002	Furthermore, Cod1p, like Pmr1p, is also needed for the outer chain modification of carbohydrates in the Golgi apparatus despite its ER localization.	Carbohydrates	83-96	component of oligomeric golgi complex 4	Homo sapiens	13-18
12093816-0	2002	Evidence for a lectin activity for human interleukin 3 and modeling of its carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	75-87	interleukin 3	Homo sapiens	41-54
12093816-9	2002	266, 10624-10631) provokes a change of the three-dimensional structure of IL-3, especially in the area of the putative carbohydrate recognition domain defined above.	Carbohydrates	119-131	interleukin 3	Homo sapiens	74-78
12199704-2	2002	In bovines, these glycoproteins cannot be separated unless the acidic N-acetyllactosamine regions of the carbohydrate chains are removed by endo-beta-Galactosidase digestion.	Carbohydrates	105-117	galactosidase beta 1	Bos taurus	145-163
12354382-0	2002	6-Sulfo LacNAc, a novel carbohydrate modification of PSGL-1, defines an inflammatory type of human dendritic cells.	Carbohydrates	24-36	selectin P ligand	Homo sapiens	53-59
12354382-2	2002	Here we identify the M-DC8 structure as 6-sulfo LacNAc, a novel carbohydrate modification of the P selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1).	Carbohydrates	64-76	NSL1 component of MIS12 kinetochore complex	Homo sapiens	23-26
12354382-2	2002	Here we identify the M-DC8 structure as 6-sulfo LacNAc, a novel carbohydrate modification of the P selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1).	Carbohydrates	64-76	selectin P ligand	Homo sapiens	97-129
12354382-2	2002	Here we identify the M-DC8 structure as 6-sulfo LacNAc, a novel carbohydrate modification of the P selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1).	Carbohydrates	64-76	selectin P ligand	Homo sapiens	131-137
12474565-12	2002	Carbohydrate metabolism disturbances have influence on PAI-1 activity in peri- and postmenopausal women.	Carbohydrates	0-12	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	55-60
12016216-3	2002	SREBP-1c has been implicated as a major factor that up-regulates lipogenic genes in response to carbohydrate feeding.	Carbohydrates	96-108	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	0-8
12016216-4	2002	However, we presented evidence for another factor, carbohydrate response factor, which is also involved in this response, and we proposed a model wherein SREBP-1c and carbohydrate response factor are independent transcription factors that act in response to insulin and glucose, respectively.	Carbohydrates	51-63	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	154-162
11994494-3	2002	In this study, we take advantage of the ability of galactosyltransferase-deficient knockout (GT-Ko) mice to respond to the carbohydrate epitope, galactose-alpha1,3-galactose (Gal), to investigate whether IAB plus transient anti-CD40L therapy directly tolerize B cell responses.	Carbohydrates	123-135	CD40 ligand	Mus musculus	228-233
11943929-9	2002	We conclude that TF-apoprotein selectively binds Hb, most probably via the carbohydrate moieties (alpha-d-glucosyl; alpha-d-mannosyl and N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminyl residues) of TF, and enhances its procoagulant activity.	Carbohydrates	75-87	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	17-19
11985671-1	2002	B cells in germinal centres are known to express carbohydrate antigen CD77 in human lymphoid tissues.	Carbohydrates	49-61	alpha 1,4-galactosyltransferase (P blood group)	Homo sapiens	70-74
12073790-5	2002	Some hormones (amylin, glucagon-like peptide-1) can slow gastric emptying while alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (acarbose, miglitol) retard intestinal digestion and resorption of complex carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	184-197	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	80-97
11799115-0	2002	Identification of residues essential for carbohydrate recognition by the insulin-like growth factor II/mannose 6-phosphate receptor.	Carbohydrates	41-53	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	73-102
11799115-7	2002	Together these analyses provide strong evidence that the two Man-6-P-binding sites of the IGF-II/MPR are structurally similar to each other and to the CD-MPR and utilize a similar carbohydrate recognition mechanism.	Carbohydrates	180-192	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	90-96
11799115-7	2002	Together these analyses provide strong evidence that the two Man-6-P-binding sites of the IGF-II/MPR are structurally similar to each other and to the CD-MPR and utilize a similar carbohydrate recognition mechanism.	Carbohydrates	180-192	progesterone receptor membrane component 1	Homo sapiens	97-100
11991814-7	2002	We identified the hinge region, and residues EDCVLLL within the carbohydrate recognition domain of MBL as the recognition sites for MAb 3F8 and 2A9, respectively.	Carbohydrates	64-76	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	99-102
11739371-3	2002	We demonstrate that the EPM2A gene product also contains an amino-terminal carbohydrate binding domain (CBD) and that the CBD is critical for association with glycogen both in vitro and in vivo.	Carbohydrates	75-87	EPM2A glucan phosphatase, laforin	Homo sapiens	24-29
11782433-5	2002	The Msn2-NLS phosphorylation status is, however, highly sensitive to carbohydrate fluctuations during fermentative growth.	Carbohydrates	69-81	stress-responsive transcriptional activator MSN2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	4-8
12362971-3	2002	A growing amount of data suggests that this carbohydrate structure is the ligand for E-selectin.	Carbohydrates	44-56	selectin E	Homo sapiens	85-95
11741867-7	2002	Functional analyses indicate that a large fraction of the anaerobically induced genes are involved in cell stress (approximately 1/3), cell wall maintenance (approximately 1/8), carbohydrate metabolism (approximately 1/10), and lipid metabolism (approximately 1/12), with both Rox1 and Upc2 predominating in the regulation of this latter group and Upc2 predominating in cell wall maintenance.	Carbohydrates	178-190	Upc2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	286-290
11741867-7	2002	Functional analyses indicate that a large fraction of the anaerobically induced genes are involved in cell stress (approximately 1/3), cell wall maintenance (approximately 1/8), carbohydrate metabolism (approximately 1/10), and lipid metabolism (approximately 1/12), with both Rox1 and Upc2 predominating in the regulation of this latter group and Upc2 predominating in cell wall maintenance.	Carbohydrates	178-190	Upc2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	348-352
11533057-4	2001	The ability of heparin-related saccharides to activate a recombinant murine tryptase, mouse mast cell protease-6 (mMCP-6), was strongly dependent on anionic charge density and size.	Carbohydrates	31-42	tryptase alpha/beta 1	Mus musculus	76-84
11744633-1	2001	The C-type carbohydrate-recognition domains of E-selectin and rat serum mannose-binding protein have similar structures.	Carbohydrates	11-23	selectin E	Homo sapiens	47-57
11701711-5	2001	MBL is a plasma protein of the innate immune system that initiates the complement cascade and activates inflammation after binding to carbohydrate structures on microbial surfaces.	Carbohydrates	134-146	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
11729638-6	2001	As for inhibitors of carbohydrate absorption, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors are now available as anti-diabetic drugs.	Carbohydrates	21-33	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	46-63
11697711-9	2001	Preliminary carbohydrate analysis suggested that TF is a glycoprotein and contains about 22% total carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	12-24	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	49-51
11697711-9	2001	Preliminary carbohydrate analysis suggested that TF is a glycoprotein and contains about 22% total carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	99-112	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	49-51
11699474-10	2001	CONCLUSION: IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta appear to have critical and non-redundant roles in the generation and regulation of potent IgG2 responses, which appear to be important in human responses to carbohydrate-bearing bacteria.	Carbohydrates	195-207	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	12-22
11591348-0	2001	Solution structure of a cyanovirin-N:Man alpha 1-2Man alpha complex: structural basis for high-affinity carbohydrate-mediated binding to gp120.	Carbohydrates	104-116	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	137-142
11591348-2	2001	CVN contains two symmetry-related carbohydrate binding sites of differing affinities that selectively bind to Man(8) D1D3 and Man(9) with nanomolar affinities, the carbohydrates that also mediate CVN:gp120 binding.	Carbohydrates	34-46	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	200-205
11591348-2	2001	CVN contains two symmetry-related carbohydrate binding sites of differing affinities that selectively bind to Man(8) D1D3 and Man(9) with nanomolar affinities, the carbohydrates that also mediate CVN:gp120 binding.	Carbohydrates	164-177	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	200-205
11494049-8	2001	These mRNAs could encode for six isoforms of galectin-8, of which three belong to the tandem-repeat galectin group (with two carbohydrate binding domains) and the three others to the prototype group (one carbohydrate binding domain).	Carbohydrates	125-137	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	45-55
11494049-8	2001	These mRNAs could encode for six isoforms of galectin-8, of which three belong to the tandem-repeat galectin group (with two carbohydrate binding domains) and the three others to the prototype group (one carbohydrate binding domain).	Carbohydrates	204-216	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	45-55
11371555-9	2001	Truncation of the C-terminal half of galectin-8, including one of its two carbohydrate recognition domains, largely abolishes its ability to modulate cell adhesion, indicating that both carbohydrate recognition domains are required to maintain a functional form of galectin-8.	Carbohydrates	74-86	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	37-47
11371555-9	2001	Truncation of the C-terminal half of galectin-8, including one of its two carbohydrate recognition domains, largely abolishes its ability to modulate cell adhesion, indicating that both carbohydrate recognition domains are required to maintain a functional form of galectin-8.	Carbohydrates	186-198	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	37-47
11463626-6	2001	Simulation results are compared to flow chamber experiments performed with carbohydrate-coated spherical beads rolling on P-selectin.	Carbohydrates	75-87	selectin P	Homo sapiens	122-132
11470510-8	2001	A truncated form of DECTIN-1 RNA (termed T beta) encodes for a polypeptide lacking almost the entire neck domain, which is required for accessibility of the carbohydrate recognition domain to ligands.	Carbohydrates	157-169	C-type lectin domain containing 7A	Homo sapiens	20-28
11404229-4	2001	This is the first study to examine the direct effect of leptin on lipid and carbohydrate (CHO) metabolism in isolated oxidative muscle over a range of contraction intensities.	Carbohydrates	76-88	leptin	Homo sapiens	56-62
11693433-5	2001	TCR interacts with these carbohydrates and discriminates their structural variations.	Carbohydrates	25-38	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	0-3
11558439-2	2001	The anaphylaxis is accompanied by significant changes in the activity of digestive enzymes (a complex of protease, lipase, and alpha-amylase), leading to disorders in the splitting and assimilation of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	221-234	lipase G, endothelial type	Rattus norvegicus	115-121
11290756-6	2001	A mAb reactive against the carbohydrate binding domain (CBD) of L-selectin substantially inhibited uPAR-mediated Ca(2+) mobilization, whereas mAbs against the beta(2) integrin complement receptor 3 (CR3), another uPAR-binding adhesion protein, had no effect.	Carbohydrates	27-39	selectin L	Homo sapiens	64-74
11290756-6	2001	A mAb reactive against the carbohydrate binding domain (CBD) of L-selectin substantially inhibited uPAR-mediated Ca(2+) mobilization, whereas mAbs against the beta(2) integrin complement receptor 3 (CR3), another uPAR-binding adhesion protein, had no effect.	Carbohydrates	27-39	plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor	Homo sapiens	99-103
11359442-11	2001	Elevated levels of IgG2 and IgG3 antibodies to Fil.Cho in individuals free of filarial infection indicate a possible role for carbohydrate antigens in induction of protective immunity in human filariasis.	Carbohydrates	126-138	immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 3 (G3m marker)	Homo sapiens	28-32
11357880-7	2001	We report that rMBL structurally and functionally similar to natural MBL can be obtained through synthesis in the human embryonic kidney cells followed by selective carbohydrate affinity chromatography.	Carbohydrates	165-177	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	16-19
11309661-2	2001	In the current study in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), we mapped and sequenced the gene encoding a key transcription factor known as ADD1 (adipocyte determination and differentiation factor 1) or SREBP-1c (sterol regulatory element binding protein- c) that has recently been identified as a master regulator of genes involved in the hepatic control of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	373-385	adducin 1	Rattus norvegicus	144-148
11309661-2	2001	In the current study in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), we mapped and sequenced the gene encoding a key transcription factor known as ADD1 (adipocyte determination and differentiation factor 1) or SREBP-1c (sterol regulatory element binding protein- c) that has recently been identified as a master regulator of genes involved in the hepatic control of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	373-385	adducin 1	Rattus norvegicus	150-202
11269319-2	2001	On several proteins, O-GlcNAc and O-phosphate alternatively occupy the same or adjacent sites, leading to the hypothesis that one function of this saccharide is to transiently block phosphorylation.	Carbohydrates	147-157	O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase	Homo sapiens	21-29
11231270-9	2001	The carbohydrate of chanterelle basidiolipids consists solely of mannose, i.e. Cc1, Man alpha-3 or -6Man alpha; Cc2, Man alpha-3(Man alpha-6)Man alpha-.	Carbohydrates	4-16	C-C motif chemokine ligand 14	Homo sapiens	79-82
11298833-1	2001	Binding of mannose-binding lectin (MBL), a C-type lectin, and its associated serine proteases, MASP-1 and MASP-2, to cell surface carbohydrates activates the lectin complement pathway.	Carbohydrates	130-143	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	11-33
11298833-1	2001	Binding of mannose-binding lectin (MBL), a C-type lectin, and its associated serine proteases, MASP-1 and MASP-2, to cell surface carbohydrates activates the lectin complement pathway.	Carbohydrates	130-143	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	35-38
11298833-1	2001	Binding of mannose-binding lectin (MBL), a C-type lectin, and its associated serine proteases, MASP-1 and MASP-2, to cell surface carbohydrates activates the lectin complement pathway.	Carbohydrates	130-143	MBL associated serine protease 1	Homo sapiens	95-101
11367522-1	2001	Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), a serum lectin specific for mannose or N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), which contains both a collagen-like domain and a carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD), plays a role in innate immunity by acting as an opsonin and activating complement in association with MBL-associated serine protease (MASP) via the lectin pathway.	Carbohydrates	148-160	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-22
11367522-1	2001	Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), a serum lectin specific for mannose or N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), which contains both a collagen-like domain and a carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD), plays a role in innate immunity by acting as an opsonin and activating complement in association with MBL-associated serine protease (MASP) via the lectin pathway.	Carbohydrates	148-160	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	24-27
11367523-18	2001	Site directed mutagenesis experiments revealed that D1106 is responsible for the effective binding of C4A to form amide bonds with immune aggregates or protein antigens, and H1106 of C4B catalyzes the transacylation of the thioester carbonyl group to form ester bonds with carbohydrate antigens.	Carbohydrates	273-285	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	102-105
11257720-2	2001	Various carbohydrates are capable of enhancing LPH mRNA levels in the small intestine, and that transcriptional control plays a major role in the carbohydrate-induced alterations of LPH mRNA expression.	Carbohydrates	8-21	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
11257720-2	2001	Various carbohydrates are capable of enhancing LPH mRNA levels in the small intestine, and that transcriptional control plays a major role in the carbohydrate-induced alterations of LPH mRNA expression.	Carbohydrates	8-20	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
11257720-6	2001	RESULTS: This study suggests that the feeding with a high-carbohydrate diet during five generations of rats increases the capacity of production of enzyme LPH, LPH mRNA levels and the transcription rate of the LPH gene in the sixth generation of these animals, and this fact happens independently of the diet that this generation of rats had.	Carbohydrates	58-70	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	155-158
11257720-6	2001	RESULTS: This study suggests that the feeding with a high-carbohydrate diet during five generations of rats increases the capacity of production of enzyme LPH, LPH mRNA levels and the transcription rate of the LPH gene in the sixth generation of these animals, and this fact happens independently of the diet that this generation of rats had.	Carbohydrates	58-70	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	160-163
11257720-6	2001	RESULTS: This study suggests that the feeding with a high-carbohydrate diet during five generations of rats increases the capacity of production of enzyme LPH, LPH mRNA levels and the transcription rate of the LPH gene in the sixth generation of these animals, and this fact happens independently of the diet that this generation of rats had.	Carbohydrates	58-70	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	160-163
11146440-7	2001	The dissociation constant of galectin-1 to 90K was on the order of 10(-7) M. Galectin-1 also induced aggregation of a human melanoma cell line, A375, in a carbohydrate-dependent manner, and this appeared to be mediated, at least in part, by 90K expressed on A375 cells, since it was inhibitable by a specific anti-90K monoclonal antibody.	Carbohydrates	155-167	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	29-39
11146440-7	2001	The dissociation constant of galectin-1 to 90K was on the order of 10(-7) M. Galectin-1 also induced aggregation of a human melanoma cell line, A375, in a carbohydrate-dependent manner, and this appeared to be mediated, at least in part, by 90K expressed on A375 cells, since it was inhibitable by a specific anti-90K monoclonal antibody.	Carbohydrates	155-167	galectin 3 binding protein	Homo sapiens	43-46
11146440-7	2001	The dissociation constant of galectin-1 to 90K was on the order of 10(-7) M. Galectin-1 also induced aggregation of a human melanoma cell line, A375, in a carbohydrate-dependent manner, and this appeared to be mediated, at least in part, by 90K expressed on A375 cells, since it was inhibitable by a specific anti-90K monoclonal antibody.	Carbohydrates	155-167	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	77-87
11024029-12	2001	C/EBP beta influences the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism by altering the level of hepatic cAMP and the activity of protein kinase A.	Carbohydrates	40-52	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), beta	Mus musculus	0-10
14533809-6	2001	A few exceptional cases in which we have some knowledge are: (i) SLe(x) and SLe(a) function as E-selectin epitopes promoting tumor cell interaction with endothelial cells; (ii) some tumor cells interact through binding of TACA to specific proteins other than selectin, or to specific carbohydrate expressed on endothelial cells or other target cells (carbohydrate-carbohydrate interaction); (iii) functional modification of adhesive receptor (integrin, cadherin, CD44) by glycosylation.	Carbohydrates	284-296	selectin E	Homo sapiens	95-105
11787693-4	2001	A new carbohydrate pattern was detected in a milk sample from a Le(a-b-) person in which only nonfucosylated oligosaccharides and compounds bearing alpha1,3-linked fucosyl residues were found.	Carbohydrates	6-18	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	148-156
10995761-0	2000	Contrasting effects of IRS-1 versus IRS-2 gene disruption on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in vivo.	Carbohydrates	61-73	insulin receptor substrate 2	Mus musculus	36-41
10995761-4	2000	In contrast, IRS-2(-)(/-) mice displayed multiple defects in insulin-mediated carbohydrate metabolism as reflected by (i) decreased peripheral glucose utilization, (ii) decreased suppression of endogenous glucose production, and (iii) decreased hepatic glycogen synthesis.	Carbohydrates	78-90	insulin receptor substrate 2	Mus musculus	13-18
10995761-6	2000	These data suggest important tissue-specific roles for IRS-1 and IRS-2 in mediating the effect of insulin on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in vivo in mice.	Carbohydrates	109-121	insulin receptor substrate 1	Mus musculus	55-60
10995761-6	2000	These data suggest important tissue-specific roles for IRS-1 and IRS-2 in mediating the effect of insulin on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in vivo in mice.	Carbohydrates	109-121	insulin receptor substrate 2	Mus musculus	65-70
11125830-1	2000	Alpha-Gal epitopes are carbohydrate structures bearing an alpha-D-Galp-(1--&gt;3)-beta-D-Galp terminus and are the main cause of antibody-mediated hyperacute rejection in xenotransplantation.	Carbohydrates	23-35	galanin like peptide	Homo sapiens	66-70
11125830-1	2000	Alpha-Gal epitopes are carbohydrate structures bearing an alpha-D-Galp-(1--&gt;3)-beta-D-Galp terminus and are the main cause of antibody-mediated hyperacute rejection in xenotransplantation.	Carbohydrates	23-35	galanin like peptide	Homo sapiens	89-93
11511808-6	2000	Steric effects appear to drive these changes since an increase in the size of the attached carbohydrate (STn versus Tn) is accompanied by a stronger shift in the equilibrium toward the extended state.	Carbohydrates	91-103	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 2	Homo sapiens	105-108
11069996-3	2000	Our data suggest that this carbohydrate moiety on gp120 blocks access to the binding site for CD4 and modulates the chemokine receptor binding site of phenotypically diverse clade A and clade B isolates.	Carbohydrates	27-39	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	50-55
11070015-8	2000	Our results indicate that carbohydrates on native oligomeric gp120 as it exists on the surface of virus particles are largely occluded and are refractory to digestion by glycosidases.	Carbohydrates	26-39	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	61-66
11451414-3	2000	We found that IgG1mutp and IgG3mutp lacking the carbohydrate addition site in C(H)2, in the tail-piece or both assembled into polymers as well as the glycosylated versions.	Carbohydrates	48-60	immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 3 (G3m marker)	Homo sapiens	27-31
11940586-1	2002	Hepatic nuclear factor-4alpha (HNF-4alpha) controls the expression of genes encoding proteins involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	116-128	hepatocyte nuclear factor 4, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	0-29
11940586-1	2002	Hepatic nuclear factor-4alpha (HNF-4alpha) controls the expression of genes encoding proteins involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	116-128	hepatocyte nuclear factor 4, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
11960993-3	2002	Analysis of the CG2958 sequence suggests that it consists of an N-terminal domain found in other Drosophila proteins, a middle segment that is unique, and a C-terminal C-type carbohydrate-recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	175-187	lectin-24Db	Drosophila melanogaster	16-22
11960993-11	2002	CG2958 is a potential endogenous receptor for such neural-specific carbohydrate epitopes.	Carbohydrates	67-79	lectin-24Db	Drosophila melanogaster	0-6
12031484-9	2002	The data suggest that Ugdh is regulated via an osmoticum-dependent pathway, possibly related to the availability of osmotically active carbohydrate precursors to UDP-glucose, a substrate of UGDH.	Carbohydrates	135-147	UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase	Bos taurus	22-26
12031484-9	2002	The data suggest that Ugdh is regulated via an osmoticum-dependent pathway, possibly related to the availability of osmotically active carbohydrate precursors to UDP-glucose, a substrate of UGDH.	Carbohydrates	135-147	UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase	Bos taurus	190-194
12039875-5	2002	Both the subcellular location and specificity indicate that the Nicotiana tabacum agglutinin (called Nictaba) may be involved in the regulation of gene expression in stressed plants through specific protein-carbohydrate interactions with regulatory cytoplasmic/nuclear glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	207-219	F-box protein PP2-B11-like	Nicotiana tabacum	101-108
15379918-8	2002	In nature, one function of leptin could be carbohydrate preservation.	Carbohydrates	43-55	leptin	Mus musculus	27-33
11850423-2	2002	We have determined the crystal structure of the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of p58, the rat homologue of human ERGIC-53, to 1.46 A resolution.	Carbohydrates	48-60	lectin, mannose-binding, 1	Rattus norvegicus	89-92
12054763-1	2002	Cyanovirin-N (CVN) is a novel cyanobacterial protein that potently inhibits viral entry by human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) via high affinity carbohydrate-mediated binding to the surface envelope glycoprotein gp120.	Carbohydrates	146-158	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	213-218
12054763-5	2002	Similarly, two modes of binding to gp120 can be envisioned where CVN either binds gp120 solely through the high affinity site, or binds divalently using both carbohydrate binding sites.	Carbohydrates	158-170	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	35-40
12007101-5	2002	A comparison of the thermodynamic parameters of the complexes formed between phosphate and a cooperative (1-Phos) or anti-cooperative (2-Phos) bidentate H-bonded motif of a carbohydrate has allowed us to quantify the energetic advantage of H-bonding cooperativity in CDCl3 and CDCl3/CCl4 (1:1.3) (Delta Delta G degrees=-2.2 and -2.0 kcal mol(-1), respectively).	Carbohydrates	173-185	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Homo sapiens	283-287
11827520-6	2002	This indicates that the carbohydrate moieties and the flexible variable loops of the glycosylated full-length gp120 from HIV strain SF2 do not induce a reorganization of CD4 in its binding to gp120 and, therefore, do not appear to significantly affect the structural orientation of the primary receptor in complex with the HIV envelope protein as compared to the binding observed in the crystal structure of CD4 with truncated deglycosylated gp120.	Carbohydrates	24-36	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	110-115
11806998-5	2002	P-selectin-dependent adhesion of immature DCs correlates with their higher level of expression of the carbohydrate epitope cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA) and is blocked by a novel inhibitory antibody against mouse P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1).	Carbohydrates	102-114	selectin, platelet (p-selectin) ligand	Mus musculus	229-261
11836161-16	2002	INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: Individuals heterozygous with respect to CDAN2 gene can be identified through determination of the carbohydrate molar composition of band 3 and polyglycosylceramides as well as by an elevated erythrocyte content of polyglycosylceramides.	Carbohydrates	131-143	SEC23 homolog B, COPII coat complex component	Homo sapiens	73-78
12521724-6	2002	We conclude that there is a hyperleptinaemia in the fetoplacental circulation in pregnant women with carbohydrate intolerance and in these cases insulin and leptin may have antagonist roles regarding fetal development.	Carbohydrates	101-113	leptin	Homo sapiens	33-39
11749598-2	2001	On the basis of examination of the available crystal structure of the galectin-1 N-acetyllactose amine complex, it was considered that the chlorin-based photosensitizers could be introduced into a carbohydrate skeleton to expand the repertoire of the galectin-1-specific ligands.	Carbohydrates	197-209	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	70-80
11749598-2	2001	On the basis of examination of the available crystal structure of the galectin-1 N-acetyllactose amine complex, it was considered that the chlorin-based photosensitizers could be introduced into a carbohydrate skeleton to expand the repertoire of the galectin-1-specific ligands.	Carbohydrates	197-209	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	251-261
11717502-1	2001	The antigen-binding fragments (Fab) of two murine monoclonal antibodies (mAb) S25-2 and S45-18, specific for carbohydrate epitopes in the lipopolysacchaide of the bacterial family Chlamydiaceae, have been crystallized in the presence and absence of synthetic oligosaccharides corresponding to their respective haptens.	Carbohydrates	109-121	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	31-34
11567029-4	2001	The human beta-glucan receptor is a type II transmembrane receptor with a single extracellular carbohydrate recognition domain and an immunoreceptor tyrosine activation motif in its cytoplasmic tail.	Carbohydrates	95-107	C-type lectin domain containing 7A	Homo sapiens	10-30
11698644-0	2001	Glucose and cAMP regulate the L-type pyruvate kinase gene by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of the carbohydrate response element binding protein.	Carbohydrates	102-114	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	30-52
11698644-1	2001	Recently we purified and identified a previously uncharacterized transcription factor from rat liver binding to the carbohydrate responsive element of the L-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK) gene.	Carbohydrates	116-128	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	155-177
11698644-1	2001	Recently we purified and identified a previously uncharacterized transcription factor from rat liver binding to the carbohydrate responsive element of the L-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK) gene.	Carbohydrates	116-128	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	179-183
11698644-8	2001	These results thus reveal mechanisms for regulation of ChREBP and the L-PK transcription by excess carbohydrate and cAMP.	Carbohydrates	99-111	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	70-74
11791676-4	2001	Red cells coated with an E-selectin construct were allowed to bind HL-60 or Colo-205 cells bearing carbohydrate ligands.	Carbohydrates	99-111	selectin E	Homo sapiens	25-35
11714683-0	2001	Gliolectin-mediated carbohydrate binding at the Drosophila midline ensures the fidelity of axon pathfinding.	Carbohydrates	20-32	gliolectin	Drosophila melanogaster	0-10
11595221-1	2001	The chiral discrimination abilities of several variously permethylated carbohydrates toward various amino acid 2-propyl esters were combinatorially evaluated from the relative peak intensity of the 1:1 diastereomeric complex ions with the deuterium-labeled L-amino acid 2-propyl ester protonated ion and with the unlabeled D-amino acid 2-propyl ester protonated ions in FAB mass spectrometry.	Carbohydrates	71-84	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	370-373
12240213-1	2001	The protease-catalyzed synthesis of amino acid est-carbohydrate conjugates as glycopeptide analogues has been achieved in a highly regioselective and carbohydrate-specific manner using amino acid vinyl ester acyl donors and minimally or completely unprotected carbohydrate acyl acceptors, which together probed active sites of proteases to reveal yield efficiencies that are modulated by the carbohydrate C-2 substitutent, and that may be exploited to allow selective one-pot syntheses.	Carbohydrates	51-63	complement C2	Homo sapiens	405-408
12240213-1	2001	The protease-catalyzed synthesis of amino acid est-carbohydrate conjugates as glycopeptide analogues has been achieved in a highly regioselective and carbohydrate-specific manner using amino acid vinyl ester acyl donors and minimally or completely unprotected carbohydrate acyl acceptors, which together probed active sites of proteases to reveal yield efficiencies that are modulated by the carbohydrate C-2 substitutent, and that may be exploited to allow selective one-pot syntheses.	Carbohydrates	150-162	complement C2	Homo sapiens	405-408
12240213-1	2001	The protease-catalyzed synthesis of amino acid est-carbohydrate conjugates as glycopeptide analogues has been achieved in a highly regioselective and carbohydrate-specific manner using amino acid vinyl ester acyl donors and minimally or completely unprotected carbohydrate acyl acceptors, which together probed active sites of proteases to reveal yield efficiencies that are modulated by the carbohydrate C-2 substitutent, and that may be exploited to allow selective one-pot syntheses.	Carbohydrates	150-162	complement C2	Homo sapiens	405-408
11581291-10	2001	This is the first demonstration that reduced reactive compliance of L-selectin tethers is regulated by cytoskeletal anchorage, in addition to intrinsic mechanical properties of the selectin-carbohydrate bond.	Carbohydrates	190-202	selectin L	Homo sapiens	68-78
29537532-10	2001	CONCLUSION: IL-1alpha and IL-1beta appear to have critical and nonredundant roles in the generation and regulation of potent IgG2 responses, which appear to be important in human responses to carbohydrate-bearing bacteria.	Carbohydrates	192-204	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	12-21
11735102-4	2001	We have shown that such platelet-promoted enhancement of LPS-induced TF activity in monocytes in whole blood depends on neutrophil involvement in a P-selectin/CD15 (a leukocyte membrane-bound carbohydrate)-dependent reaction.	Carbohydrates	192-204	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	69-71
11735102-4	2001	We have shown that such platelet-promoted enhancement of LPS-induced TF activity in monocytes in whole blood depends on neutrophil involvement in a P-selectin/CD15 (a leukocyte membrane-bound carbohydrate)-dependent reaction.	Carbohydrates	192-204	selectin P	Homo sapiens	148-158
11451961-0	2001	Negative regulation of neuroblastoma cell growth by carbohydrate-dependent surface binding of galectin-1 and functional divergence from galectin-3.	Carbohydrates	52-64	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	94-104
11451961-4	2001	Exposure of cells to purified galectin-1 reveals its carbohydrate-dependent activity to reduce cell proliferation.	Carbohydrates	53-65	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	30-40
11576519-4	2001	The alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (acarbose, voglibose, miglitol) have been effective in delaying the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, thus diminishing the postprandial surge in blood glucose levels without loss of calories.	Carbohydrates	129-142	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	4-21
11404363-6	2001	The affinity of the E-selectin-ESL-1 interaction did not change significantly when the temperature was varied from 5 degrees C to 37 degrees C, indicating that the enthalpic contribution to the binding is small at physiological temperatures, and that, in contrast to typical protein-carbohydrate interactions, binding is driven primarily by favorable entropic changes.	Carbohydrates	283-295	Golgi apparatus protein 1	Cricetulus griseus	31-36
11530153-1	2001	The plasma protein mannose-binding lectin (MBL) activates the complement system by binding to carbohydrate structures presented by microorganisms and thus could be an important component of the innate immune defence system.	Carbohydrates	94-106	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	19-41
11530153-1	2001	The plasma protein mannose-binding lectin (MBL) activates the complement system by binding to carbohydrate structures presented by microorganisms and thus could be an important component of the innate immune defence system.	Carbohydrates	94-106	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	43-46
11486087-5	2001	bre-5 mutants displayed resistance to Cry14A, a Bt toxin lethal to both nematodes and insects; this indicates that resistance by loss of carbohydrate modification is relevant to multiple Bt toxins.	Carbohydrates	137-149	Beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase bre-5;Hexosyltransferase	Caenorhabditis elegans	0-5
11506229-1	2001	Nano-ESI QTOF MS was used for sensitive mapping and sequencing of single molecular species in complex ganglioside mixtures obtained from human granulocytes, where the fucosylated carbohydrate chains of granulocyte gangliosides carry sLex and VIM-2 epitopes postulated to interact with E-selectin of the blood vessel wall in the early phase of the inflammation process.	Carbohydrates	179-191	selectin E	Homo sapiens	285-295
11532276-2	2001	MBL recognises carbohydrate structures arranged in a particular geometry, such as those found on the surface of micro-organisms.	Carbohydrates	15-27	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
11485744-2	2001	The binding of MBL to microbial carbohydrates activates the MBL-associated serine proteases (MASPs), which recruit the complement factors, C4 and C2, to generate the C3 convertase or directly activate C3.	Carbohydrates	32-45	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	15-18
11485744-2	2001	The binding of MBL to microbial carbohydrates activates the MBL-associated serine proteases (MASPs), which recruit the complement factors, C4 and C2, to generate the C3 convertase or directly activate C3.	Carbohydrates	32-45	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	60-63
11408420-8	2001	Carbohydrate ingestion, however, had a major effect in attenuating increases in cortisol and two anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-10 and IL-1ra.	Carbohydrates	0-12	interleukin 1 receptor antagonist	Homo sapiens	136-142
11419947-2	2001	LA promotes the binding of glucose (Glc) to beta4Gal-T1, thereby altering its sugar acceptor specificity from N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to glucose, which enables LS to synthesize lactose, the major carbohydrate component of milk.	Carbohydrates	201-213	beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	44-55
11445549-6	2001	We show that up-regulation of carbohydrate antigens is not a general phenomenon during mammary gland involution, and thus that M-N#1 antigen expression is specifically regulated.	Carbohydrates	30-42	MN1 proto-oncogene, transcriptional regulator	Rattus norvegicus	127-132
11348238-1	2001	[reaction in text] In a chiral auxiliary based method C-glycosylated amino acids can be obtained by a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of a chiral glycine equivalent and C-1 allyl- or vinyl-derived carbohydrate building blocks as the key step.	Carbohydrates	191-203	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C	Homo sapiens	163-166
11457139-0	2001	The potent anti-HIV protein cyanovirin-N contains two novel carbohydrate binding sites that selectively bind to Man(8) D1D3 and Man(9) with nanomolar affinity: implications for binding to the HIV envelope protein gp120.	Carbohydrates	60-72	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	213-218
11457139-11	2001	Mapped surfaces of the carbohydrate binding sites are presented, and implications for binding to gp120 are discussed.	Carbohydrates	23-35	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	97-102
11414366-5	2001	Its domain organization is similar to that of ficolins, except that MBL has a carbohydrate-recognition domain instead of a fibrinogen-like domain.	Carbohydrates	78-90	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	68-71
11258914-6	2001	Importantly, different counter-receptors associated with specific phosphatase or kinase activities were shown to form separate clusters on the surface of the cells as a result of galectin-1 binding to the carbohydrate moieties of the respective glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	205-217	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	179-189
11258914-8	2001	The ability of galectin-1 to induce the separation of specific glycoprotein receptors was modeled on the basis of molecular and structural studies of the binding of multivalent carbohydrates to lectins that result in the formation of specific two- and three-dimensional cross-linked lattices.	Carbohydrates	177-190	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	15-25
11076950-0	2001	Interleukin-2 carbohydrate recognition modulates CTLL-2 cell proliferation.	Carbohydrates	14-26	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	0-13
11076950-2	2001	To determine whether the carbohydrate recognition activity of IL-2 contributes to its physiological activity, the inhibitory effects of high-mannose type glycans on IL-2-dependent CTLL-2 cell proliferation were investigated.	Carbohydrates	25-37	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	62-66
11050099-0	2001	Recombinant human interleukins IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-7 show different and specific calcium-independent carbohydrate-binding properties.	Carbohydrates	121-133	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	31-40
11280717-1	2001	This study examines the immediate effect of ingestion of oral carbohydrate and fat on lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity post-heparin in six lean and six obese age-matched women.	Carbohydrates	62-74	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	86-104
11280717-1	2001	This study examines the immediate effect of ingestion of oral carbohydrate and fat on lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity post-heparin in six lean and six obese age-matched women.	Carbohydrates	62-74	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	106-109
11280717-8	2001	Total LPL activity unadjusted for body weight was similar in the two groups after carbohydrate administration but was significantly lower when adjusted per kg body weight.	Carbohydrates	82-94	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	6-9
11280717-10	2001	Fasting serum triglycerides were higher in the obese group and were inversely related to the post-carbohydrate LPL activity (r = - 0.65, p &lt; 0.02).	Carbohydrates	98-110	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	111-114
11280717-12	2001	Fat and carbohydrate nutrients may affect LPL activity differently in lean and obese subjects.	Carbohydrates	8-20	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	42-45
11108612-1	2001	Polysialic acid (PSA) is a dynamically regulated carbohydrate modification of the neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM, which is implicated in neural differentiation and cellular plasticity.	Carbohydrates	49-61	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	112-116
11833461-0	2001	[Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism by insulin: role of transcription factor SREBP-1c in the hepatic transcriptional effects of the hormone].	Carbohydrates	15-27	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	80-88
11413046-7	2001	Additional ligands have been proposed, including collagenase-3 and glycoproteins capable of interacting with one of the multiple carbohydrate recognition-type domains of uPARAP.	Carbohydrates	129-141	mannose receptor C type 2	Homo sapiens	170-176
11093919-2	2000	We previously found that feeding rats a high-carbohydrate diet after exercise, with muscle glycogen supercompensation, results in a decrease in insulin responsiveness so severe that it masks the effect of a training-induced twofold increase in GLUT-4 on insulin-stimulated muscle glucose transport.	Carbohydrates	45-57	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	244-250
11511807-3	2000	This monosulfated disaccharide serves as a substrate for mammalian alpha-L-iduronidase as demonstrated using fluorophore assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis.	Carbohydrates	130-142	alpha-L-iduronidase	Homo sapiens	67-86
11511808-1	2000	Synthetic oligosaccharide vaccines based on core STn (sialyl alpha2-6 GalNAc) carbohydrate epitopes are being evaluated by a number of biopharmaceutical firms as potential immunotherapeutics in the treatment of mucin-expressing adenocarcinomas.	Carbohydrates	78-90	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 2	Homo sapiens	49-52
11163076-1	2000	The possible role of carbohydrate in the interaction of HLA-C with a human inhibitory natural Killer cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor with two Ig domains, KIR2DL1, was investigated.	Carbohydrates	21-33	killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor, two Ig domains and long cytoplasmic tail 1	Homo sapiens	156-163
10950950-2	2000	The binding was mediated by the interaction of the chondroitin sulfate (CS) chain of versican with the carbohydrate-binding domain of L- and P-selectin and CD44.	Carbohydrates	103-115	selectin P	Homo sapiens	141-151
11071860-4	2000	Anti-PSGL-1 antibodies as well as O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase treatment almost completely abrogated the binding of P-selectin but barely affected the binding of E-selectin, indicating that these carbohydrate determinants carried by O-glycans of PSGL-1 selectively serves as a ligand for P-selectin, while the ligand for E-selectin is not restricted to PSGL-1 nor to O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase-sensitive glycans.	Carbohydrates	201-213	selectin P ligand	Homo sapiens	5-11
11071860-4	2000	Anti-PSGL-1 antibodies as well as O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase treatment almost completely abrogated the binding of P-selectin but barely affected the binding of E-selectin, indicating that these carbohydrate determinants carried by O-glycans of PSGL-1 selectively serves as a ligand for P-selectin, while the ligand for E-selectin is not restricted to PSGL-1 nor to O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase-sensitive glycans.	Carbohydrates	201-213	selectin P	Homo sapiens	121-131
11071860-4	2000	Anti-PSGL-1 antibodies as well as O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase treatment almost completely abrogated the binding of P-selectin but barely affected the binding of E-selectin, indicating that these carbohydrate determinants carried by O-glycans of PSGL-1 selectively serves as a ligand for P-selectin, while the ligand for E-selectin is not restricted to PSGL-1 nor to O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase-sensitive glycans.	Carbohydrates	201-213	selectin P ligand	Homo sapiens	251-257
11071860-4	2000	Anti-PSGL-1 antibodies as well as O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase treatment almost completely abrogated the binding of P-selectin but barely affected the binding of E-selectin, indicating that these carbohydrate determinants carried by O-glycans of PSGL-1 selectively serves as a ligand for P-selectin, while the ligand for E-selectin is not restricted to PSGL-1 nor to O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase-sensitive glycans.	Carbohydrates	201-213	selectin P	Homo sapiens	293-303
11071860-4	2000	Anti-PSGL-1 antibodies as well as O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase treatment almost completely abrogated the binding of P-selectin but barely affected the binding of E-selectin, indicating that these carbohydrate determinants carried by O-glycans of PSGL-1 selectively serves as a ligand for P-selectin, while the ligand for E-selectin is not restricted to PSGL-1 nor to O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase-sensitive glycans.	Carbohydrates	201-213	selectin E	Homo sapiens	326-336
11071860-4	2000	Anti-PSGL-1 antibodies as well as O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase treatment almost completely abrogated the binding of P-selectin but barely affected the binding of E-selectin, indicating that these carbohydrate determinants carried by O-glycans of PSGL-1 selectively serves as a ligand for P-selectin, while the ligand for E-selectin is not restricted to PSGL-1 nor to O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase-sensitive glycans.	Carbohydrates	201-213	selectin P ligand	Homo sapiens	251-257
11087141-1	2000	BACKGROUND: Alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase (alpha1,3GT) is an enzyme that produces carbohydrate chains termed alphaGal epitopes found in most mammals, although some species of higher primates, including human, are notable exceptions.	Carbohydrates	83-95	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	44-54
11087713-0	2000	A novel carbohydrate binding activity of annexin V toward a bisecting N-acetylglucosamine.	Carbohydrates	8-20	annexin A5	Homo sapiens	41-50
11087713-7	2000	These results suggest that annexin V has a novel carbohydrate binding activity and may serve as an endogenous lectin for mediating possible signals of bisecting GlcNAc, which have been implicated in a variety of biological functions.	Carbohydrates	49-61	annexin A5	Homo sapiens	27-36
11206937-12	2000	The role of the carbohydrate moiety in allergenicity was examined with individual patient sera by using periodate-treated Fes p 4.	Carbohydrates	16-28	solute carrier family 10 member 4	Homo sapiens	126-129
11206937-15	2000	The results of periodate oxidation of Fes p 4 suggest that the carbohydrate moiety is involved in IgE binding.	Carbohydrates	63-75	solute carrier family 10 member 4	Homo sapiens	42-45
11015438-0	2000	CD1b-mediated T cell recognition of a glycolipid antigen generated from mycobacterial lipid and host carbohydrate during infection.	Carbohydrates	101-113	CD1b molecule	Homo sapiens	0-4
11089916-1	2000	Polysialic acid (PSA) is a developmentally regulated carbohydrate consisting of alpha-2,8-linked sialic acid residues attached to the neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM.	Carbohydrates	53-65	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	164-168
10987826-3	2000	To study the role of the PMP22 carbohydrate, site-directed mutagenesis was used to alter the glycosylation consensus sequence and produce a glycosylation-deficient mutant protein.	Carbohydrates	31-43	peripheral myelin protein 22	Homo sapiens	25-30
11257302-1	2000	The activation of complement via the mannan-binding lectin (MBL) pathway is initiated by the MBL complex consisting of the carbohydrate binding molecule, MBL, two associated serine proteases, MASP-1 and MASP-2, and a third protein, MAp19.	Carbohydrates	123-135	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	37-58
11257302-1	2000	The activation of complement via the mannan-binding lectin (MBL) pathway is initiated by the MBL complex consisting of the carbohydrate binding molecule, MBL, two associated serine proteases, MASP-1 and MASP-2, and a third protein, MAp19.	Carbohydrates	123-135	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	60-63
11257302-1	2000	The activation of complement via the mannan-binding lectin (MBL) pathway is initiated by the MBL complex consisting of the carbohydrate binding molecule, MBL, two associated serine proteases, MASP-1 and MASP-2, and a third protein, MAp19.	Carbohydrates	123-135	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	93-96
11257302-1	2000	The activation of complement via the mannan-binding lectin (MBL) pathway is initiated by the MBL complex consisting of the carbohydrate binding molecule, MBL, two associated serine proteases, MASP-1 and MASP-2, and a third protein, MAp19.	Carbohydrates	123-135	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	93-96
11076080-9	2000	Molecular modelling suggests the formation of four hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups at positions C-2, C-3 and C-4 of alpha-D-methyl-mannoside and the bridging and ring nitrogen atoms of the triazine scaffold, with aromatic stacking of a second ligand against the carbohydrate face.	Carbohydrates	273-285	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	120-123
10963678-8	2000	Overall, the data are consistent with a mode of lipoglycan recognition similar to that proposed for glycopeptides, in which the TCR alpha and beta chains survey a surface composed of both mCD1.1 and the carbohydrate portion of alpha-GalCer.	Carbohydrates	203-215	T cell receptor alpha chain	Mus musculus	128-137
10903509-3	2000	By contrast, human kidney 293 cells produced recombinant glycodelin with the same type of carbohydrate structures as GdA.	Carbohydrates	90-102	progestagen associated endometrial protein	Homo sapiens	57-67
11038306-3	2000	Using fluorescent and scanning electron microscopy we demonstrate that the surface carbohydrates of cercariae and adult worms are the binding ligands for mannanbinding lectin (MBL), a serum protein that is part of the innate immune system.	Carbohydrates	83-96	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	176-179
10747985-5	2000	The mutant bound soluble carbohydrate L-selectin ligand with affinity comparable with that of native L-selectin but interacted with all surface-bound ligands much more readily than native L-selectin, in particular under elevated shear flow.	Carbohydrates	25-37	selectin L	Homo sapiens	38-48
10747985-5	2000	The mutant bound soluble carbohydrate L-selectin ligand with affinity comparable with that of native L-selectin but interacted with all surface-bound ligands much more readily than native L-selectin, in particular under elevated shear flow.	Carbohydrates	25-37	selectin L	Homo sapiens	101-111
10747985-5	2000	The mutant bound soluble carbohydrate L-selectin ligand with affinity comparable with that of native L-selectin but interacted with all surface-bound ligands much more readily than native L-selectin, in particular under elevated shear flow.	Carbohydrates	25-37	selectin L	Homo sapiens	101-111
10850459-1	2000	Polysialic acid (PSA) is a carbohydrate composed of a linear homopolymer of alpha-2-8-linked sialic acid residues and is mainly attached to the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM).	Carbohydrates	27-39	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	144-173
10850459-1	2000	Polysialic acid (PSA) is a carbohydrate composed of a linear homopolymer of alpha-2-8-linked sialic acid residues and is mainly attached to the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM).	Carbohydrates	27-39	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	175-179
10872809-2	2000	It has been suggested that only ST6GalNAc I can synthesize carbohydrate structures of sialyl-Tn-antigen; i.e., NeuAc alpha2-6GalNAc-O-Thr/Ser [Kurosawa et al., J. Biol.	Carbohydrates	59-71	ST6 N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	32-43
10794721-9	2000	We conclude from these data that galactose-independent lactoferrin binding to the ASGP receptor requires the receptor"s carbohydrate-recognition domain to be in an active configuration.	Carbohydrates	120-132	lactotransferrin	Rattus norvegicus	55-66
10770191-22	2000	These findings indicate that IGF-I/IGFBP-3 is biologically active on carbohydrate metabolism, as measured by a decrease in insulin requirements in patients with type 1 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	69-81	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	35-42
10845774-8	2000	Overexpression of the CT carbohydrate antigen also increased AChR clustering and MuSK autophosphorylation in the presence of neural agrin.	Carbohydrates	25-37	muscle associated receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	81-85
10683150-4	2000	Sequence analysis of Endo180 reveals that the second carbohydrate recognition domain has retained key conserved amino acids found in other functional C-type lectins.	Carbohydrates	53-65	mannose receptor C type 2	Homo sapiens	21-28
10938850-7	2000	The Sus1 and Sh1 sucrose synthases in maize (typically up-regulated by carbohydrate abundance and deprivation, respectively) showed parallel responses to hypoxia (3% O2 [0.03l l-1 O2]) and anoxia (0% O2 [0l l-1 O2]) that were consistent with involvement of similar signals.	Carbohydrates	71-83	sucrose synthase 1	Zea mays	13-16
10627452-7	2000	Rolling of CD34(+) ABM cells on P-selectin could be partially inhibited by monoclonal antibody (mAb) against PSGL-1, and was not inhibited by a mAb against CD34, suggesting that HSPC have unique carbohydrate repertoires that facilitate selectin-mediated rolling.	Carbohydrates	195-207	selectin P	Homo sapiens	32-42
10646852-4	2000	This alternative splicing leads to the deletion of 44 amino acid residues (amino acids 45-88) from mature PSA, resulting in the loss of asparagine 45, which is a binding site for a carbohydrate chain.	Carbohydrates	181-193	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	106-109
11202216-2	2000	alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors slow carbohydrate absorption, resulting in reduced postprandial hyperglycemia; thiazolidinediones increase insulin sensitivity, especially in muscle and adipocytes; metformin decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis; sulfonylureas result in prolonged increases in insulin secretion; and meglitinide causes rapid, short-lived increases in insulin secretion.	Carbohydrates	34-46	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	0-17
11200978-4	2000	Recent data suggest, first, the presence of a complex loop between the sympathetic nervous system, carbohydrate metabolism (insulin) and leptin hormone and, second, that this loop, an overall reflection of energy metabolism, participates in cardiovascular regulation.	Carbohydrates	99-111	leptin	Homo sapiens	137-143
10586068-8	1999	On the other hand, lymphocytes from mice sensitized with periodate-treated SEA did not produce any of these same cytokines following in vitro restimulation, suggesting that carbohydrates were required for in vivo induction of Th2 response and for that of associated cytokine responses in this model.	Carbohydrates	173-186	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	226-229
10585467-6	1999	When fed a high carbohydrate diet for 14 days, the mRNA levels for these lipogenic enzymes were also strikingly lower in SREBP-1(-/-) mice than those in wild-type mice.	Carbohydrates	16-28	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	121-128
10585467-7	1999	These data demonstrate that SREBP-1 plays a crucial role in the induction of lipogenesis but not cholesterol biosynthesis in liver when excess energy by carbohydrates is consumed.	Carbohydrates	153-166	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	28-35
10632635-0	1999	An overview of carbohydrate-protein interactions with specific reference to myosin and ageing.	Carbohydrates	15-27	myosin heavy chain 14	Homo sapiens	76-82
10601180-7	1999	Conversely, exercise plus carbohydrate supplementation elevated fast-twitch red muscle GLUT-4 protein concentration by 88% above control, whereas GLUT-4 mRNA was increased by only 40%.	Carbohydrates	26-38	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	87-93
10601180-10	1999	These results indicate that carbohydrate supplementation, provided with exercise, will enhance GLUT-4 protein expression by increasing translational efficiency.	Carbohydrates	28-40	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	95-101
10567012-0	1999	Leptin response to carbohydrate or fat meal and association with subsequent satiety and energy intake.	Carbohydrates	19-31	leptin	Homo sapiens	0-6
10567012-4	1999	In both genders, leptin response was higher after the carbohydrate meal than after the fat meal and while fasting.	Carbohydrates	54-66	leptin	Homo sapiens	17-23
10567012-8	1999	In conclusion, a carbohydrate meal induces higher postprandial leptin levels than an isoenergetic fat meal.	Carbohydrates	17-29	leptin	Homo sapiens	63-69
10455129-3	1999	Glucose regulated in a parallel manner IGF peptide secretion, and an excellent correlation was observed between IGF-I and -II mRNA and IGF-I and -II peptide levels in the conditioned media in response to the carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	208-220	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	112-125
10455129-3	1999	Glucose regulated in a parallel manner IGF peptide secretion, and an excellent correlation was observed between IGF-I and -II mRNA and IGF-I and -II peptide levels in the conditioned media in response to the carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	208-220	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	135-148
10406849-2	1999	As the first step to identify the functional role of VIP36, the carbohydrate binding specificity of VIP36 was investigated using a fusion protein of glutathione- S -transferase and luminal domain of VIP36 (Vip36).	Carbohydrates	64-76	lectin, mannose binding 2	Homo sapiens	100-105
10406849-2	1999	As the first step to identify the functional role of VIP36, the carbohydrate binding specificity of VIP36 was investigated using a fusion protein of glutathione- S -transferase and luminal domain of VIP36 (Vip36).	Carbohydrates	64-76	lectin, mannose binding 2	Homo sapiens	100-105
10406849-2	1999	As the first step to identify the functional role of VIP36, the carbohydrate binding specificity of VIP36 was investigated using a fusion protein of glutathione- S -transferase and luminal domain of VIP36 (Vip36).	Carbohydrates	64-76	lectin, mannose binding 2	Homo sapiens	206-211
10413524-12	1999	Using a gel-filtration assay under nonequilibrium conditions, we find that both forms of FcRn produce 2:1 receptor-ligand complexes, but that alterations of the carbohydrate moieties on mouse FcRn can result in an apparent stoichiometry of 1:1.	Carbohydrates	161-173	Fc fragment of IgG receptor and transporter	Mus musculus	192-196
10643211-8	1999	The alpha-glucosidase inhibitors act nonsystemically by blocking the metabolism of digested polysaccharides and therefore lowering the amount of carbohydrate absorbed in a meal.	Carbohydrates	145-157	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	4-21
10364275-9	1999	Taken together, these data suggest that (i) SHIV variants with changes in the Env SU can be selected in vivo primarily by virtue of their ability to escape neutralizing antibody recognition and (ii) carbohydrates play an important role in conferring neutralization escape, possibly by altering the structure of envelope gp120 or by shielding principal neutralization sites.	Carbohydrates	199-212	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	320-325
10407128-4	1999	This work presents evidence that a subset of astroglial cells expressing the carbohydrate recognized by tomato lectin are enriched in retino-non-recipient laminae of the chick optic tectum.	Carbohydrates	77-89	LTL	Solanum lycopersicum	111-117
10411645-1	1999	The novel intracellular carbohydrate O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is present on proteins ranging from those of viruses to those of humans and include cytosolic, nuclear and plasma-membrane proteins.	Carbohydrates	24-36	O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase	Homo sapiens	67-75
16127605-1	1999	This session from the Carbohydrate Division of the ACS was overviewed by P Dan Cook of ISIS Pharmaceuticals Inc, who described what had already been accomplished in this field, as well as research efforts at his own company.	Carbohydrates	22-34	1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase homolog (inactive)	Homo sapiens	51-54
10386301-10	1999	We conclude that the expression of the hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene in normal cows is inhibited by insulin to balance elevated carbohydrate status during glucagon infusions; however, inhibited expression of hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase mRNA probably is not involved in the pathogenesis of lactation ketosis.	Carbohydrates	145-157	insulin	Bos taurus	117-124
10200296-1	1999	Recently, we proposed sialyl 6-sulfo Lewis X as a major carbohydrate-capping group of the L-selectin ligands on high endothelial venules in human lymph nodes.	Carbohydrates	56-68	selectin L	Homo sapiens	90-100
10200296-8	1999	These results indicate that a set of carbohydrate determinants synthesized by the concerted action of the two enzymes, as typically represented by the sialyl 6-sulfo Lewis X-capping group, serves as an essential component of the ligand for L-selectin and that the reagents 2H5 and MECA-79, utilized in earlier studies to detect L-selectin ligand on high endothelial venules, recognize two different aspects of the same set of synthetic products.	Carbohydrates	37-49	selectin L	Homo sapiens	240-250
10200296-8	1999	These results indicate that a set of carbohydrate determinants synthesized by the concerted action of the two enzymes, as typically represented by the sialyl 6-sulfo Lewis X-capping group, serves as an essential component of the ligand for L-selectin and that the reagents 2H5 and MECA-79, utilized in earlier studies to detect L-selectin ligand on high endothelial venules, recognize two different aspects of the same set of synthetic products.	Carbohydrates	37-49	selectin L	Homo sapiens	328-338
10352946-0	1999	The carbohydrate crystalean and colonic microflora modulate expression of glutathione S-transferase subunits in colon of rats.	Carbohydrates	4-16	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Rattus norvegicus	74-99
10333081-7	1999	LPL activity was similar in the two groups after carbohydrate administration and was unaffected by octreotide.	Carbohydrates	49-61	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	0-3
10401691-6	1999	Several carbohydrate-deficient isoforms were found in transferrin (four), alpha1-antitrypsin (three), antithrombin (two) and thyroxine-binding globulin (four).	Carbohydrates	8-20	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	102-114
10070036-1	1999	Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been reported to stimulate carbohydrate, amino acid, and electrolyte transport in the small intestine, but its effects on lipid transport are poorly documented.	Carbohydrates	61-73	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	0-23
10070036-1	1999	Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been reported to stimulate carbohydrate, amino acid, and electrolyte transport in the small intestine, but its effects on lipid transport are poorly documented.	Carbohydrates	61-73	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	25-28
10048546-8	1999	It had carbohydrate-binding and phospholipid-aggregation properties characteristic of SP-A isolated from other animal species.	Carbohydrates	7-19	pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A	Equus caballus	86-90
10334310-6	1999	Accordingly, high-fat, low-carbohydrate (HF/LC) meals, which induce smaller insulin and glucose responses, would produce lower leptin concentrations than low-fat, high-carbohydrate (LF/HC) meals.	Carbohydrates	27-39	leptin	Homo sapiens	127-133
10077993-3	1999	Upon binding of MBL (mannose-binding lectin) to certain carbohydrates on pathogens, the lectin pathway is activated by two C1r/C1s-like serine proteases termed MASP-1 and MASP-2, which are associated with MBL.	Carbohydrates	56-69	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	16-19
10077993-3	1999	Upon binding of MBL (mannose-binding lectin) to certain carbohydrates on pathogens, the lectin pathway is activated by two C1r/C1s-like serine proteases termed MASP-1 and MASP-2, which are associated with MBL.	Carbohydrates	56-69	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	21-43
10077993-3	1999	Upon binding of MBL (mannose-binding lectin) to certain carbohydrates on pathogens, the lectin pathway is activated by two C1r/C1s-like serine proteases termed MASP-1 and MASP-2, which are associated with MBL.	Carbohydrates	56-69	MBL associated serine protease 1	Homo sapiens	160-166
10077993-3	1999	Upon binding of MBL (mannose-binding lectin) to certain carbohydrates on pathogens, the lectin pathway is activated by two C1r/C1s-like serine proteases termed MASP-1 and MASP-2, which are associated with MBL.	Carbohydrates	56-69	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	205-208
10023770-3	1999	The crystal structure of Kb/RGY8-6H-Gal2 now demonstrates that the peptide and H-2Kb structures are unaffected by the peptide glycosylation, but the central region of the putative TCR binding site is dominated by the extensive exposure of the tethered carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	252-264	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	180-183
10447097-1	1999	Amylin (AMY) is a peptide of pancreatic origin principally involved in the carbohydrate metabolism, but that may interfere with central and peripheral dopamine (DA) pathways.	Carbohydrates	75-87	islet amyloid polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
9832431-2	1998	Here we demonstrate that adipose cAspAT messenger RNA (mRNA) is increased when rats are fed a low carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	98-110	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1	Rattus norvegicus	33-39
9799111-11	1998	Carbohydrate analysis identified N-linked glycans on CD5 domains 1 and 2, and sialylated O-linked glycans on the linker peptide between domains 1 and 2.	Carbohydrates	0-12	T-cell surface glycoprotein CD5	Cricetulus griseus	53-56
9799111-12	1998	Electron microscopy and carbohydrate analysis together suggest that the extracellular region of CD5 forms a rod-like structure with domain 1 distal from the cell surface and separated from domains 2 and 3 by an O-glycosylated peptide linker region.	Carbohydrates	24-36	T-cell surface glycoprotein CD5	Cricetulus griseus	96-99
9776793-1	1998	Low-protein diets (LPD), which are prescribed for uremic patients to slow the progression of chronic renal failure, theoretically may exacerbate disorders of carbohydrate metabolism that are frequently observed in these patients because increased carbohydrate rations are required to maintain a sufficient caloric intake.	Carbohydrates	158-170	acyl-CoA synthetase bubblegum family member 1	Homo sapiens	19-22
9776793-1	1998	Low-protein diets (LPD), which are prescribed for uremic patients to slow the progression of chronic renal failure, theoretically may exacerbate disorders of carbohydrate metabolism that are frequently observed in these patients because increased carbohydrate rations are required to maintain a sufficient caloric intake.	Carbohydrates	247-259	acyl-CoA synthetase bubblegum family member 1	Homo sapiens	19-22
9783826-8	1998	Deglycosylation of a GPRP also led to a dramatic increase in tannin-binding ability, showing that the carbohydrate side-chains prevent binding of tannin.	Carbohydrates	102-114	glutathione peroxidase 2	Homo sapiens	21-25
9715535-3	1998	The following conclusions were drawn: (i) Both the pgm and sex1 mutants have a late-flowering phenotype in days shorter than 16 h. (ii) When inductive treatments cause a large, percentage of induced plants, there is always a large, early and transient increase in carbohydrate export from leaves.	Carbohydrates	264-276	phosphoglycerate/bisphosphoglycerate mutase	Arabidopsis thaliana	51-54
9743465-5	1998	Equilibrium dissociation constants for aptamer/P-selectin binding range from 16 to 710 pM, a 10(5)-10(6)-fold improvement compared with the minimal carbohydrate ligand, sialyl Lewis X (sLeX).	Carbohydrates	148-160	selectin P	Homo sapiens	47-57
9767440-2	1998	In this study we have used flow cytometry to investigate the surface expression of potential carbohydrate ligands for E-selectin on HUT78, a skin-homing cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.	Carbohydrates	93-105	selectin E	Homo sapiens	118-128
9767440-10	1998	Furthermore, an anti-l-selectin antibody inhibited the binding of HUT78 cells to E-selectin, probably by steric inhibition of the carbohydrate ligand for E-selectin that is borne on the C-type lectin domain of l-selectin.	Carbohydrates	130-142	selectin L	Homo sapiens	21-31
9767440-10	1998	Furthermore, an anti-l-selectin antibody inhibited the binding of HUT78 cells to E-selectin, probably by steric inhibition of the carbohydrate ligand for E-selectin that is borne on the C-type lectin domain of l-selectin.	Carbohydrates	130-142	selectin E	Homo sapiens	81-91
9767440-10	1998	Furthermore, an anti-l-selectin antibody inhibited the binding of HUT78 cells to E-selectin, probably by steric inhibition of the carbohydrate ligand for E-selectin that is borne on the C-type lectin domain of l-selectin.	Carbohydrates	130-142	selectin E	Homo sapiens	154-164
9777405-6	1998	The polypeptide sequences of ficolins, the collectins and C1q diverge mainly in their C-terminal globular regions which are, respectively, FBG domains, Ca(2+)-dependent carbohydrate recognition domains (C-type CRD), and collagen-related sequences.	Carbohydrates	169-181	complement C1q A chain	Homo sapiens	58-61
9716101-1	1998	Mannan-binding lectin (MBL, previously named mannan-binding protein, MBP) is a serum collectin, which activates complement upon binding to microbial carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	149-162	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-21
9716101-1	1998	Mannan-binding lectin (MBL, previously named mannan-binding protein, MBP) is a serum collectin, which activates complement upon binding to microbial carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	149-162	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	23-26
9649426-8	1998	These results suggest that Msn2p/Msn4p-dependent gene expression may account for all, or at least most, of the pleiotropic effects of yeast PKA, including growth regulation, response to stress and carbohydrate store accumulation.	Carbohydrates	197-209	stress-responsive transcriptional activator MSN2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	27-32
9700503-4	1998	Functional univalence is due to steric hindrance present in one of the paratopes by the carbohydrate moiety attached to the Fd fragment of the Fab region, so these antibodies are unable to form large antibody-antigen complexes and cannot trigger reactions, such as complement fixation, phagocytic activity and antigen clearance.	Carbohydrates	88-100	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	143-146
9742457-2	1998	Trienzyme treatment is performed by using alpha-amylase and protease for folate extraction from carbohydrate and protein matrices, and folate conjugase for the hydrolysis of polyglutamyl folates.	Carbohydrates	96-108	alpha amylase	Bos taurus	42-55
9593742-9	1998	This susceptibility was abrogated when uPAR participitated in a bimolecular complex with pro-uPA or smaller receptor binding derivatives thereof, demonstrating the proximity of the ligand-binding site to this particular carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	220-232	urokinase-type plasminogen activator	Cricetulus griseus	39-42
9593742-10	1998	uPAR preparations devoid of carbohydrate on domain I exhibited altered binding kinetics toward uPA (a 4-6-fold increase in Kd) as assessed by real time biomolecular interaction analysis.	Carbohydrates	28-40	urokinase-type plasminogen activator	Cricetulus griseus	0-3
9531616-10	1998	Addition of some selectin-binding carbohydrates (fucoidan or soluble SLEx analogs but not dextran sulfate) to the platelets caused rolling neutrophils to immediately adhere, an event that was not observed on histamine or thrombin-treated endothelium or P-selectin transfectants.	Carbohydrates	34-47	selectin P	Homo sapiens	253-263
9578490-4	1998	It was found that the specific lack of expression of sialosyl Le(a) carbohydrate structure on the surface of colon cancer cells completely abolished their adhesion to E-selectin.	Carbohydrates	68-80	selectin E	Homo sapiens	167-177
9620600-1	1998	CT1 is a carbohydrate moiety of CD45 that is expressed on fetal thymocytes in vivo.	Carbohydrates	9-21	protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, C	Mus musculus	32-36
9546655-1	1998	In the present study we report the amino-acid sequence, carbohydrate specificity and overall biochemical and physicochemical properties of galectin-1, a beta-galactoside-binding lectin from ovine placenta.	Carbohydrates	56-68	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	139-149
10913129-1	2000	In vivo studies suggest that sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1 plays a key role in the up-regulation of lipogenic genes in the livers of animals that have consumed excess amounts of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	200-213	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	29-80
11009624-4	2000	The pseudo-first-order rate constant for factor Xa inhibition by antithrombin complexed with a long-chain approximately 70-saccharide heparin showed a saturable dependence on inhibitor concentration in the presence but not in the absence of 2.5 mM Ca(2+), indicating the formation of an intermediate heparin-serpin-proteinase encounter complex with a dissociation constant of approximately 90 nM prior to formation of the stable serpin-proteinase complex with a rate constant of approximately 20 s(-1).	Carbohydrates	123-133	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	65-77
10998116-0	2000	The extracellular matrix molecule tenascin-R and its HNK-1 carbohydrate modulate perisomatic inhibition and long-term potentiation in the CA1 region of the hippocampus.	Carbohydrates	59-71	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	138-141
10913026-0	2000	Pyruvate overrides inhibition of PDH during exercise after a low-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	65-77	pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	33-36
10913026-1	2000	The effects of carbohydrate deprivation on the regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) were studied at rest and during moderate-intensity exercise.	Carbohydrates	15-27	pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	85-88
10913026-2	2000	An inhibitory effect of a chronic low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) on the active form of PDH (PDHa) mediated by a stable increase in PDH kinase (PDHK) activity has recently been reported (Peters SJ, Howlett RA, St. Amand TA, Heigenhauser GJF, and Spriet LL.	Carbohydrates	38-50	pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	84-87
10913026-2	2000	An inhibitory effect of a chronic low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) on the active form of PDH (PDHa) mediated by a stable increase in PDH kinase (PDHK) activity has recently been reported (Peters SJ, Howlett RA, St. Amand TA, Heigenhauser GJF, and Spriet LL.	Carbohydrates	38-50	pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	89-93
10913026-2	2000	An inhibitory effect of a chronic low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) on the active form of PDH (PDHa) mediated by a stable increase in PDH kinase (PDHK) activity has recently been reported (Peters SJ, Howlett RA, St. Amand TA, Heigenhauser GJF, and Spriet LL.	Carbohydrates	38-50	pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	89-92
10918037-0	2000	Carbohydrate structures of soluble human L-selectin recombinantly expressed in baby-hamster kidney cells.	Carbohydrates	0-12	selectin L	Homo sapiens	41-51
10900005-5	2000	In the present study, we have identified the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor (M6P/IGFIIR) as a binding protein for CD26 and that mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) residues in the carbohydrate moiety of CD26 are critical for this binding.	Carbohydrates	198-210	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	142-146
10900005-5	2000	In the present study, we have identified the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor (M6P/IGFIIR) as a binding protein for CD26 and that mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) residues in the carbohydrate moiety of CD26 are critical for this binding.	Carbohydrates	198-210	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	221-225
10878358-8	2000	Collectively, this study indicates that the previously observed differential expression of CD164 epitopes in adult tissues is linked with cell type specific post-translational modifications and suggests a role for epitope-associated carbohydrate structures in CD164 function.	Carbohydrates	233-245	CD164 molecule	Homo sapiens	91-96
10878358-8	2000	Collectively, this study indicates that the previously observed differential expression of CD164 epitopes in adult tissues is linked with cell type specific post-translational modifications and suggests a role for epitope-associated carbohydrate structures in CD164 function.	Carbohydrates	233-245	CD164 molecule	Homo sapiens	260-265
11421350-7	2000	Basigin and embigin, two related members of the immunoglobulin superfamily, a sialomucin MGC-24 and other glycoproteins were discovered as carriers of developmentally regulated carbohydrate markers.	Carbohydrates	177-189	basigin (Ok blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-7
11421350-7	2000	Basigin and embigin, two related members of the immunoglobulin superfamily, a sialomucin MGC-24 and other glycoproteins were discovered as carriers of developmentally regulated carbohydrate markers.	Carbohydrates	177-189	CD164 molecule	Homo sapiens	89-95
10845701-7	2000	Both total carbohydrate content and relative amount of sialic acid were higher in BSSL from the first lactation month as compared to BSSL from milk collected later in lactation.	Carbohydrates	11-23	carboxyl ester lipase	Homo sapiens	82-86
9497351-1	1998	The mechanism of oligosaccharide binding to the selectin cell adhesion molecules has been analyzed by transferring regions of the carbohydrate-recognition domains of E- and P-selectin into corresponding sites in the homologous rat serum mannose-binding protein.	Carbohydrates	130-142	selectin P	Homo sapiens	173-183
9530133-1	1998	Transcription of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and malic enzyme (ME) in avian liver is low during starvation or feeding a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet and high during feeding a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet.	Carbohydrates	122-134	fatty acid synthase	Gallus gallus	17-36
24188288-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Irisin, a novel myokine, increases energy expenditure and glucose tolerance and, thus, improves carbohydrate homeostasis in humans.	Carbohydrates	108-120	fibronectin type III domain containing 5	Homo sapiens	12-18
9530133-1	1998	Transcription of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and malic enzyme (ME) in avian liver is low during starvation or feeding a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet and high during feeding a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet.	Carbohydrates	122-134	fatty acid synthase	Gallus gallus	38-41
9530133-1	1998	Transcription of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and malic enzyme (ME) in avian liver is low during starvation or feeding a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet and high during feeding a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet.	Carbohydrates	181-193	fatty acid synthase	Gallus gallus	17-36
9530133-1	1998	Transcription of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and malic enzyme (ME) in avian liver is low during starvation or feeding a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet and high during feeding a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet.	Carbohydrates	181-193	fatty acid synthase	Gallus gallus	38-41
9675357-1	1998	cis-1,2-Stannylene acetals of D-mannose and L-rhamnose, formed preferentially from the free sugars treated with dibutyltin oxide, are capable of displacing the trifluoromethanesulfonyl (triflyl) leaving groups in carbohydrates to give, with retention of configuration at the anomeric center in the nucleophile, cis-1,2-linked oligosaccharides.	Carbohydrates	213-226	cytokine inducible SH2 containing protein	Homo sapiens	0-5
9675357-1	1998	cis-1,2-Stannylene acetals of D-mannose and L-rhamnose, formed preferentially from the free sugars treated with dibutyltin oxide, are capable of displacing the trifluoromethanesulfonyl (triflyl) leaving groups in carbohydrates to give, with retention of configuration at the anomeric center in the nucleophile, cis-1,2-linked oligosaccharides.	Carbohydrates	213-226	cytokine inducible SH2 containing protein	Homo sapiens	311-316
11709845-0	2000	A facile synthetic approach to L- and P-selectin blockers via copolymerization of vinyl monomers constructing the key carbohydrate modules of sialyl LewisX mimics.	Carbohydrates	118-130	selectin P	Homo sapiens	38-48
10744650-8	2000	These observations suggest that the redistribution of the carbohydrate ligands and the polarization of the leukocyte surface through an active process is a prerequisite but not sufficient to leukocyte superoxide production through P-selectin.	Carbohydrates	58-70	selectin P	Homo sapiens	231-241
24302733-6	2014	Consequently, adipose overexpression of G0S2 prevented the "switch" of energy substrate from carbohydrates to fatty acids during fasting.	Carbohydrates	93-106	G0/G1 switch gene 2	Mus musculus	40-44
10679061-1	2000	Both ficolins and mannose-binding lectin (MBL) are lectins characterized by the presence of collagen-like and carbohydrate-binding domains in a subunit, although their carbohydrate-binding moieties are quite different.	Carbohydrates	110-122	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	18-40
10679061-1	2000	Both ficolins and mannose-binding lectin (MBL) are lectins characterized by the presence of collagen-like and carbohydrate-binding domains in a subunit, although their carbohydrate-binding moieties are quite different.	Carbohydrates	110-122	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	42-45
9439635-3	1998	The binding of three neutralizing anti-E-selectin mAb"s (E-1E4, H18/7 and CL2), whose epitopes were found to overlap with the E-selectin binding site for carbohydrate ligands, was not affected by the amino acid substitutions at these five positions.	Carbohydrates	154-166	selectin E	Homo sapiens	39-49
9439635-3	1998	The binding of three neutralizing anti-E-selectin mAb"s (E-1E4, H18/7 and CL2), whose epitopes were found to overlap with the E-selectin binding site for carbohydrate ligands, was not affected by the amino acid substitutions at these five positions.	Carbohydrates	154-166	selectin E	Homo sapiens	126-136
9780361-5	1998	The accessible glycoligand-binding sites and the lectin-reactive carbohydrate epitopes detected by galectin-1 show the same pattern of intracellular location excluding the apical cell surface.	Carbohydrates	65-77	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	99-109
10679061-1	2000	Both ficolins and mannose-binding lectin (MBL) are lectins characterized by the presence of collagen-like and carbohydrate-binding domains in a subunit, although their carbohydrate-binding moieties are quite different.	Carbohydrates	168-180	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	18-40
24438438-2	2014	In this study, we aim to explore whether individualized aerobic exercise (AEx) and low carbohydrate diet (LCh) intervention affect hepatic fat content (HFC) in pre-diabetes via modification of gut microbiota composition and other post-interventional effects.	Carbohydrates	87-99	LCH	Homo sapiens	106-109
10679061-1	2000	Both ficolins and mannose-binding lectin (MBL) are lectins characterized by the presence of collagen-like and carbohydrate-binding domains in a subunit, although their carbohydrate-binding moieties are quite different.	Carbohydrates	168-180	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	42-45
10679061-2	2000	A fibrinogen-like domain is in ficolins, and a carbohydrate recognition domain is in MBL.	Carbohydrates	47-59	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	85-88
10671567-3	2000	We have previously mapped the carbohydrate-response elements (ChoREs) of the rat liver-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK) and S(14) genes and found them to share significant sequence similarity.	Carbohydrates	30-42	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	81-107
10671567-3	2000	We have previously mapped the carbohydrate-response elements (ChoREs) of the rat liver-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK) and S(14) genes and found them to share significant sequence similarity.	Carbohydrates	30-42	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	109-113
9449350-9	1998	The estimated zero-force 2D Kd for E-selectin/carbohydrate ligand binding was approximately 5 x 10(3) microm(-2), and the bond interaction range was subangstrom.	Carbohydrates	46-58	selectin E	Homo sapiens	35-45
25144299-10	2014	In mediation analysis, in whites only, FTO high-risk alleles were associated with higher BMI partly through their small effects on carbohydrate and protein intake.	Carbohydrates	131-143	FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	39-42
9865465-0	1998	L-selectin-mediated lymphocyte aggregation: role of carbohydrates, activation and effects on cellular interactions.	Carbohydrates	52-65	selectin L	Homo sapiens	0-10
9865465-4	1998	It was found that the interaction of L-selectin with fucoidan, but not with other carbohydrates, or with monoclonal antibodies directed against the carbohydrate recognition domain of L-selectin, resulted in homotypic aggregation among both B- or T lymphocytes.	Carbohydrates	82-94	selectin L	Homo sapiens	37-47
10657258-0	2000	Crystal structures of human pancreatic alpha-amylase in complex with carbohydrate and proteinaceous inhibitors.	Carbohydrates	69-81	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	28-52
23993551-7	2013	Overall, a link between conjugates" antioxidant capacity and processing parameters is described to enable future attempts to enhance LF functionality in foods containing carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	170-183	lactotransferrin	Bos taurus	133-135
10652309-4	2000	The structural basis of the differences in carbohydrate recognition has been investigated by a systematic exchange of amino acids between LTB and CTB.	Carbohydrates	43-55	lymphotoxin beta	Homo sapiens	138-141
9530954-6	1998	The appearance of clustered STn epitopes during colonic carcinogenesis represents a novel pattern of carbohydrate antigen expression and implicates alterations at the level of apomucins and/or glycosyltransferases responsible for cluster epitope formation.	Carbohydrates	101-113	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 2	Homo sapiens	28-31
9530955-8	1998	The neutral saccharides from both sources contain three common structures, namely Gal1 --&gt; 3GalNAc, GlcNAc1 --&gt; 6 (Gal1 --&gt; 3) GalNAc and Gal1 --&gt; 4GlcNAc --&gt; 6 (Gal1 --&gt; 3)GalNAc.	Carbohydrates	12-23	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	82-86
9530955-8	1998	The neutral saccharides from both sources contain three common structures, namely Gal1 --&gt; 3GalNAc, GlcNAc1 --&gt; 6 (Gal1 --&gt; 3) GalNAc and Gal1 --&gt; 4GlcNAc --&gt; 6 (Gal1 --&gt; 3)GalNAc.	Carbohydrates	12-23	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	121-125
9530955-8	1998	The neutral saccharides from both sources contain three common structures, namely Gal1 --&gt; 3GalNAc, GlcNAc1 --&gt; 6 (Gal1 --&gt; 3) GalNAc and Gal1 --&gt; 4GlcNAc --&gt; 6 (Gal1 --&gt; 3)GalNAc.	Carbohydrates	12-23	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	121-125
9530955-8	1998	The neutral saccharides from both sources contain three common structures, namely Gal1 --&gt; 3GalNAc, GlcNAc1 --&gt; 6 (Gal1 --&gt; 3) GalNAc and Gal1 --&gt; 4GlcNAc --&gt; 6 (Gal1 --&gt; 3)GalNAc.	Carbohydrates	12-23	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	121-125
9610478-5	1998	The application of carbohydrate rich diet favoured a most complete rehabilitation: the content of total glycogen and its fractions and the activity of G-6-Pase and GP returned to the normal level.	Carbohydrates	19-31	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	151-159
9610478-5	1998	The application of carbohydrate rich diet favoured a most complete rehabilitation: the content of total glycogen and its fractions and the activity of G-6-Pase and GP returned to the normal level.	Carbohydrates	19-31	glycogen phosphorylase L	Rattus norvegicus	164-166
10636902-8	2000	The protein, designated uPARAP, is a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family and contains a putative collagen-binding (fibronectin type II) domain in addition to 8 C-type carbohydrate recognition domains.	Carbohydrates	188-200	mannose receptor C type 2	Homo sapiens	24-30
24227656-3	2013	At the Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ), Mgat1 mutants display selective loss of lectin-defined carbohydrates in the extracellular synaptomatrix, and an accompanying accumulation of the secreted endogenous Mind the gap (MTG) lectin, a key synaptogenesis regulator.	Carbohydrates	103-116	Mannosyl (alpha-1,3-)-glycoprotein beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase	Drosophila melanogaster	48-53
9434742-1	1997	Expression of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) gene is inhibited by addition of polyunsaturated fat to a high-carbohydrate diet and stimulated by feeding a high-carbohydrate diet to starved mice.	Carbohydrates	122-134	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 2	Mus musculus	18-51
9434742-1	1997	Expression of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) gene is inhibited by addition of polyunsaturated fat to a high-carbohydrate diet and stimulated by feeding a high-carbohydrate diet to starved mice.	Carbohydrates	122-134	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 2	Mus musculus	53-57
9434742-1	1997	Expression of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) gene is inhibited by addition of polyunsaturated fat to a high-carbohydrate diet and stimulated by feeding a high-carbohydrate diet to starved mice.	Carbohydrates	173-185	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 2	Mus musculus	18-51
9434742-1	1997	Expression of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) gene is inhibited by addition of polyunsaturated fat to a high-carbohydrate diet and stimulated by feeding a high-carbohydrate diet to starved mice.	Carbohydrates	173-185	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 2	Mus musculus	53-57
24555377-3	2013	It was indicated that soluble extracellular carbohydrates may help the bacteria to enhance resistance to Cd2+, and insoluble EPS could contribute to Cd2+ removal effectively.	Carbohydrates	44-57	CD2 molecule	Homo sapiens	105-108
9442926-8	1997	These results illustrate quantification of carbohydrate in selected glycoproteins such as alpha 2-macroglobulin may be a novel and alternative clinical marker for SLE.	Carbohydrates	43-55	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Homo sapiens	90-111
10620367-10	2000	These findings suggest that the significant upregulation of Glc-6-Pase gene expression observed after treatment of rats in vivo with an inhibitor of Glc-6-P translocase is caused predominantly either by S 3483 per se or by the compound-induced changes of intracellular carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	269-281	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	60-70
11021254-12	2000	After binding microbial carbohydrate, MBL can activate the complement system through a newly discovered pathway which makes use of two serine proteases (MASP-1 and MASP-2) to activate the complement factors C4 and C2.	Carbohydrates	24-36	MBL associated serine protease 1	Bos taurus	153-159
11021254-26	2000	The carbohydrate binding profile of CL-43 was analyzed by an inhibition assay with biotinylated CL-43, using solid-phase mannan as the ligand.	Carbohydrates	4-16	collectin-43	Bos taurus	36-41
11021254-26	2000	The carbohydrate binding profile of CL-43 was analyzed by an inhibition assay with biotinylated CL-43, using solid-phase mannan as the ligand.	Carbohydrates	4-16	collectin-43	Bos taurus	96-101
24076118-2	2013	Ability of C-type lectin-like receptors such as NKR-P1 to bind saccharide moieties has become recently a controversial issue.	Carbohydrates	63-73	killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B member 1C	Mus musculus	48-54
10617107-6	2000	Monoclonal antibody IIH6, which recognizes a carbohydrate epitope on alpha-DG, preferentially binds to the larger forms, suggesting that the core protein is differentially glycosylated beginning at E16.	Carbohydrates	45-57	dystroglycan 1	Rattus norvegicus	69-77
9389736-12	1997	These results suggest that the action of leptin may be one mechanism by which excess adipose tissue could acutely impair carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	121-133	leptin	Mus musculus	41-47
24076118-4	2013	Lack of functional linkage between NKR-P1 and previously described saccharide binder was supported by the fact, that synthetic N-acetyl-D-glucosamine octabranched dendrimer on polyamidoamine scaffold (GN8P) did not change gene expression of NKR-P1 isoforms in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice divergent in the NK gene complex (both in vitro and in vivo).	Carbohydrates	67-77	killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B member 1C	Mus musculus	241-247
9353350-11	1997	Our data suggest that the carbohydrate requirements for binding of PSGL-1 to P-selectin differ from those necessary for binding to E-selectin.	Carbohydrates	26-38	selectin, platelet (p-selectin) ligand	Mus musculus	67-73
10979554-2	2000	Being the integral enzyme of purine nucleotide cycle, AMPD participates in deamination of amino acids and their involvement into carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	129-141	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1	Homo sapiens	54-58
23891824-3	2013	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPARalpha and PPARgamma are members of a family of nuclear receptors involved in the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates, adipogenesis and sensitivity to insulin.	Carbohydrates	153-166	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	43-52
10601180-0	1999	Effect of carbohydrate supplementation on postexercise GLUT-4 protein expression in skeletal muscle.	Carbohydrates	10-22	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	55-61
10601180-1	1999	The effect of carbohydrate supplementation on skeletal muscle glucose transporter GLUT-4 protein expression was studied in fast-twitch red and white gastrocnemius muscle of Sprague-Dawley rats before and after glycogen depletion by swimming.	Carbohydrates	14-26	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	82-88
9385631-1	1997	The structure of pig pancreatic alpha-amylase in complex with carbohydrate inhibitor and proteinaceous inhibitors is known but the successive events occurring at the catalytic center still remain to be elucidated.	Carbohydrates	62-74	amylase, alpha 2A (pancreatic)	Sus scrofa	21-45
10815986-5	1999	Based on the molecular weight average number of carbohydrate molecules introduced per molecule of IL-1alpha was estimated to be 2.9.	Carbohydrates	48-60	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	98-107
24294470-3	2013	METHODS: In vitro enzymatic carbohydrate digestion with PbBLE and arbutin was assessed using alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase powders.	Carbohydrates	28-40	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	111-128
10406940-3	1999	All the mutant proteins showed a ligand-binding affinity (K(d)) similar to those of the wild-type proteins, although the deletion of a carbohydrate moiety at each of the N-linked glycosylation sites affected the ligand-binding ability of ECD or GC-C to some degree.	Carbohydrates	135-147	natriuretic peptide receptor 3	Homo sapiens	245-249
10406940-6	1999	These results clearly indicate a crucial role for the carbohydrate moiety at N379, which is located near the transmembrane region, in structural stability, the ability to bind to a ligand and the cyclase catalytic activity of GC-C, and provide a route for the elucidation of the mechanism of the interaction between GC-C and a ligand.	Carbohydrates	54-66	natriuretic peptide receptor 3	Homo sapiens	226-230
10406940-6	1999	These results clearly indicate a crucial role for the carbohydrate moiety at N379, which is located near the transmembrane region, in structural stability, the ability to bind to a ligand and the cyclase catalytic activity of GC-C, and provide a route for the elucidation of the mechanism of the interaction between GC-C and a ligand.	Carbohydrates	54-66	natriuretic peptide receptor 3	Homo sapiens	316-320
9325301-3	1997	Two monoclonal antibodies, CAB2 and CAB4, previously raised against carbohydrate epitopes of Dictyostelium discoideum glycoproteins (Crandall, I. E. and Newell, P. C. (1989) Development 107, 87-94), specifically recognize fucose residues in alpha1,6-linkage to the asparagine-bound GlcNAc of N-linked oligosaccharides.	Carbohydrates	68-80	calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit beta 4	Homo sapiens	36-40
9321466-8	1997	Whether the FUT1 or possibly the FUT2 gene products are involved in the synthesis of carbohydrate structures responsible for bacterial adhesion remains to be determined.	Carbohydrates	85-97	fucosyltransferase 1 (H blood group)	Homo sapiens	12-16
9322794-0	1997	Apolipoprotein A1 expression in young and aged rats is modulated by dietary carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	76-89	apolipoprotein A1	Rattus norvegicus	0-17
9322794-5	1997	It is concluded that ApoA1 expression in rats is modulated by factors related to the nature of dietary carbohydrates rather than insulin resistance associated with high-fructose feeding.	Carbohydrates	103-116	apolipoprotein A1	Rattus norvegicus	21-26
23835326-6	2013	The inhibition of PDH activity resulting from reduced levels of Sirt3 induces a switch of skeletal muscle substrate utilization from carbohydrate oxidation toward lactate production and fatty acid utilization even in the fed state, contributing to a loss of metabolic flexibility.	Carbohydrates	133-145	sirtuin 3	Mus musculus	64-69
9370312-8	1997	Mitochondrial GPAT is upregulated at the transcriptional level by refeeding a high carbohydrate, fat-free diet to previously fasted mice and by insulin administration to diabetic animals, whereas microsomal GPAT activity is largely unaffected by these treatments.	Carbohydrates	83-95	glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	14-18
10435581-1	1999	L-selectin mediates lymphocyte homing by facilitating lymphocyte adhesion to unique carbohydrate ligands, sulfated sialyl Lewis(x), which are expressed on high endothelial venules (HEV) in secondary lymphoid organs.	Carbohydrates	84-96	selectin L	Homo sapiens	0-10
10334846-4	1999	We combine several approaches to characterize the molecular weights of the extracellular domains of the glycoproteins CTLA-4 and CD80 using carbohydrate analysis, electrospray mass spectrometry, size exclusion chromatography, and analytical ultracentrifugation.	Carbohydrates	140-152	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	118-124
23563865-3	2013	The lectin pathway is initiated by the binding of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) or ficolins to carbohydrates on the surfaces of pathogens.	Carbohydrates	94-107	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	50-72
10334846-5	1999	In addition, we have applied a method described previously, using sedimentation equilibrium analysis to calculate the contribution of carbohydrates to the molecular masses of CTLA-4 and CD80.	Carbohydrates	134-147	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	175-181
10426431-2	1999	This complement activation pathway is initiated by a non-self recognition step: the binding of a humoral C-type lectin [mannose-binding lectin (MBL)] to microbial surfaces bearing "foreign" carbohydrate determinants.	Carbohydrates	190-202	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	120-142
10426431-2	1999	This complement activation pathway is initiated by a non-self recognition step: the binding of a humoral C-type lectin [mannose-binding lectin (MBL)] to microbial surfaces bearing "foreign" carbohydrate determinants.	Carbohydrates	190-202	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	144-147
9306701-5	1997	Lin6 is expressed under conditions that require a high carbohydrate supply.	Carbohydrates	55-67	acid invertase	Solanum lycopersicum	0-4
9315107-2	1997	Lectin-like receptors on human NK cells, such as NKR-PIA and CD94, bind to target cell carbohydrate ligands and initiate the lytic process.	Carbohydrates	87-99	RPTOR independent companion of MTOR complex 2	Homo sapiens	53-56
23563865-3	2013	The lectin pathway is initiated by the binding of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) or ficolins to carbohydrates on the surfaces of pathogens.	Carbohydrates	94-107	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	74-77
10336986-0	1999	Man alpha1-2 Man alpha-OMe-concanavalin A complex reveals a balance of forces involved in carbohydrate recognition.	Carbohydrates	90-102	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	4-12
10336986-1	1999	We have determined the crystal structure of the methyl glycoside of Man alpha1-2 Man in complex with the carbohydrate binding legume lectin concanavalin A (Con A).	Carbohydrates	105-117	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	72-80
9257857-0	1997	Expression of leukocyte fucosyltransferases regulates binding to E-selectin: relationship to previously implicated carbohydrate epitopes.	Carbohydrates	115-127	selectin E	Homo sapiens	65-75
23563865-11	2013	MBL and ficolins are able to bind to a variety of pathogens depending on their carbohydrate binding specificity, resulting in the activation of the lectin pathway.	Carbohydrates	79-91	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
9257857-1	1997	E-selectin is a carbohydrate-binding endothelial cell adhesion molecule that reportedly interacts with several related sialylated and fucosylated carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	16-28	selectin E	Homo sapiens	0-10
9257857-1	1997	E-selectin is a carbohydrate-binding endothelial cell adhesion molecule that reportedly interacts with several related sialylated and fucosylated carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	146-159	selectin E	Homo sapiens	0-10
23716415-11	2013	The developed xCGE-LIF based "real" high-throughput HMOS analysis method enables qualitative and quantitative high-performance profiling of the total carbohydrate fraction composition of large sets of samples.	Carbohydrates	150-162	LIF interleukin 6 family cytokine	Homo sapiens	19-22
9192757-0	1997	The carbohydrate moiety of factor V modulates inactivation by activated protein C.	Carbohydrates	4-16	protein C, inactivator of coagulation factors Va and VIIIa	Homo sapiens	72-81
10427856-2	1999	Among these molecules, the selectins expressed on endothelial cells (E- and P-selectins) and leucocytes (L-selectin) recognize carbohydrate ligands such as sialyl Lewis A or sialyl Lewis X oligosaccharides due to the same positioning of NeuAc, Gal and Fuc residues in both isomeric structures.	Carbohydrates	127-139	selectin L	Homo sapiens	105-115
10427856-4	1999	In the same way, we have prepared through chemoenzymatic syntheses, two disulfated Lewis X pentasaccharides, the sulfated analogs of carbohydrate ligands found on GLYCAM 1, the natural receptor of L-selectin.	Carbohydrates	133-145	selectin L	Homo sapiens	197-207
9210417-1	1997	The L-II element (-149 to -126 bp) in the enhancer unit of the rat pyruvate kinase L (PKL) gene is required for cell-type-specific transcription and induction by carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	162-175	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	67-84
9210417-1	1997	The L-II element (-149 to -126 bp) in the enhancer unit of the rat pyruvate kinase L (PKL) gene is required for cell-type-specific transcription and induction by carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	162-175	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	86-89
9210417-7	1997	In addition, we found that a factor bound to the accessory site of the rat S14 gene, which is necessary for carbohydrate responsiveness of this gene, was also a member of the NF1 family, raising the possibility that the NF1 family is involved in the carbohydrate regulation of gene transcription by interactions with other proteins.	Carbohydrates	108-120	neurofibromin 1	Rattus norvegicus	175-178
9210417-7	1997	In addition, we found that a factor bound to the accessory site of the rat S14 gene, which is necessary for carbohydrate responsiveness of this gene, was also a member of the NF1 family, raising the possibility that the NF1 family is involved in the carbohydrate regulation of gene transcription by interactions with other proteins.	Carbohydrates	108-120	neurofibromin 1	Rattus norvegicus	220-223
9210417-7	1997	In addition, we found that a factor bound to the accessory site of the rat S14 gene, which is necessary for carbohydrate responsiveness of this gene, was also a member of the NF1 family, raising the possibility that the NF1 family is involved in the carbohydrate regulation of gene transcription by interactions with other proteins.	Carbohydrates	250-262	neurofibromin 1	Rattus norvegicus	175-178
10216074-0	1999	A comparison of the pharmacological properties of carbohydrate remodeled recombinant and placental-derived beta-glucocerebrosidase: implications for clinical efficacy in treatment of Gaucher disease.	Carbohydrates	50-62	glucosylceramidase beta	Homo sapiens	107-130
9210417-7	1997	In addition, we found that a factor bound to the accessory site of the rat S14 gene, which is necessary for carbohydrate responsiveness of this gene, was also a member of the NF1 family, raising the possibility that the NF1 family is involved in the carbohydrate regulation of gene transcription by interactions with other proteins.	Carbohydrates	250-262	neurofibromin 1	Rattus norvegicus	220-223
23640861-6	2013	The absence of CYP2E1 gene in mice that were fed with a high-fat diet did not show NASH symptoms and were also protected from hepatic metabolic alterations in Glut-1, Glut-4, phosphofructokinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene expressions (involved in carbohydrate metabolism), and UCP-1, PGC-1alpha, SREBP-1c, and PPAR-gamma genes (involved in hepatic fat metabolism).	Carbohydrates	263-275	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	15-21
9184825-0	1997	Synthesis of a new nanomolar saccharide inhibitor of lymphocyte adhesion: different polylactosamine backbones present multiple sialyl Lewis x determinants to L-selectin in high-affinity mode.	Carbohydrates	29-39	selectin L	Homo sapiens	158-168
9184825-4	1997	To improve the availability of multivalent sLex glycans for anti-inflammatory indications, we now report enzymatic synthesis of another tetravalent sLex glycan that can be potentially produced on a large scale, and show that even the new saccharide is a nanomolar inhibitor of L-selectin-dependent lymphocyte adhesion.	Carbohydrates	238-248	selectin L	Homo sapiens	277-287
10216074-1	1999	The objective of these studies was to characterize the macrophage mannose receptor binding and pharmacological properties of carbohydrate remodeled human placental-derived and recombinant beta-glucocerebrosidase (pGCR and rGCR, respectively).	Carbohydrates	125-137	glucosylceramidase beta	Homo sapiens	188-211
23798433-3	2013	Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a member of a family of carbohydrate-binding proteins, has been shown to modulate several processes associated with placentation and to promote maternal tolerance toward fetal antigens.	Carbohydrates	44-56	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
10447720-6	1999	This effect was specifically blocked by anti-galectin-1 antibody and was dependent on the lectin"s carbohydrate-binding properties.	Carbohydrates	99-111	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	45-55
10207099-4	1999	We show here that the transcription of ADD1/SREBP-1c in primary cultures of hepatocytes is controlled positively by insulin and negatively by glucagon and cyclic AMP, establishing a link between this transcription factor and carbohydrate availability.	Carbohydrates	225-237	adducin 1	Rattus norvegicus	39-43
9164964-4	1997	In the present study, mAb-induced ligation of Leu-13 was shown to rapidly down-regulate L-selectin surface density on normal and malignant human lymphocytes, and to markedly inhibit L-selectin-mediated adhesion of lymphocytes to soluble carbohydrate ligands (i.e., PPME, phosphomonoester core polysaccharide) and to lymph node high endothelial venules.	Carbohydrates	237-249	selectin L	Homo sapiens	182-192
10024532-4	1999	The oligosaccharides of the Fab fragment were released by digestion with various endo- and exoglycosidases and analysed by anion-exchange chromatography and fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis.	Carbohydrates	178-190	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	28-31
23798433-3	2013	Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a member of a family of carbohydrate-binding proteins, has been shown to modulate several processes associated with placentation and to promote maternal tolerance toward fetal antigens.	Carbohydrates	44-56	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	12-17
9177294-4	1997	The crystal structure of the Fab fragment shows electron density adjacent to the antigen binding site which may be attributed to the covalently attached carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	153-165	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	29-32
23742692-3	2013	This concept of multiple interactions between saccharide and LDL was inspired by the similarity in structures of LDL receptors (LDLR), heparin, and heparans used in LDL-apheresis.	Carbohydrates	46-56	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	113-126
23742692-3	2013	This concept of multiple interactions between saccharide and LDL was inspired by the similarity in structures of LDL receptors (LDLR), heparin, and heparans used in LDL-apheresis.	Carbohydrates	46-56	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	128-132
23832207-0	2013	The mannose-specific lectin domains of Flo1p from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lg-Flo1p from S. pastorianus: crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the adhesin-carbohydrate complexes.	Carbohydrates	183-195	flocculin FLO1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	39-44
9169007-0	1997	Effect of individual carbohydrate chains of recombinant antithrombin on heparin affinity and on the generation of glycoforms differing in heparin affinity.	Carbohydrates	21-33	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	56-68
9169007-13	1997	These results indicate that all carbohydrate chains of recombinant antithrombin adversely affect heparin-binding affinity to an extent that correlates with their relative proximity to the putative heparin-binding site in antithrombin.	Carbohydrates	32-44	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	67-79
9169007-13	1997	These results indicate that all carbohydrate chains of recombinant antithrombin adversely affect heparin-binding affinity to an extent that correlates with their relative proximity to the putative heparin-binding site in antithrombin.	Carbohydrates	32-44	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	221-233
9142045-3	1997	With respect to the associations of Mo1 with Fc gamma RIIIB and uPAR, the inhibitory effect of saccharides such as NADG suggests a lectin-carbohydrate interaction that may involve the recognition of Mo1"s beta-glucan site for N-linked carbohydrates4 that are expressed by both Fc gamma RIIIB and uPAR.	Carbohydrates	138-150	plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor	Homo sapiens	296-300
10076184-10	1999	Therefore, while the carbohydrate units appear to be non-essential to ALS or IGF binding, they may modulate other biological activities of IGFBP-3.	Carbohydrates	21-33	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	139-146
10090331-1	1999	The purpose of this study was to determine the time course of GLUT4 protein accumulation following an exercise-carbohydrate supplementation regimen, and to evaluate the effect of this regimen on GLUT4 mRNA regulation.	Carbohydrates	111-123	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	62-67
10090331-8	1999	GLUT4 mRNA associated with polysomes, however, increased significantly during this time and remained elevated for a minimum of 5 h. The results suggest that the increased GLUT4 protein expression following a regimen of exercise-carbohydrate supplementation occurs sufficiently fast to contribute to the resynthesis of muscle glycogen, and is controlled by both pre-translational and translational mechanisms.	Carbohydrates	228-240	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
10090331-8	1999	GLUT4 mRNA associated with polysomes, however, increased significantly during this time and remained elevated for a minimum of 5 h. The results suggest that the increased GLUT4 protein expression following a regimen of exercise-carbohydrate supplementation occurs sufficiently fast to contribute to the resynthesis of muscle glycogen, and is controlled by both pre-translational and translational mechanisms.	Carbohydrates	228-240	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	171-176
9138024-3	1997	Ligation of the chimeric receptors with a carbohydrate ligand for L-selectin, fucoidin or a mAb that recognizes the lectin domain of L-selectin, induced apoptosis in receptor-expressing cells.	Carbohydrates	42-54	selectin L	Homo sapiens	66-76
23832207-3	2013	Recently, structural features of the N-terminal Flo lectin domains, including the N-terminal domain of Lg-Flo1p (N-Lg-Flo1p), and their interactions with carbohydrate molecules have been investigated.	Carbohydrates	154-166	flocculin FLO1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	106-111
23832207-3	2013	Recently, structural features of the N-terminal Flo lectin domains, including the N-terminal domain of Lg-Flo1p (N-Lg-Flo1p), and their interactions with carbohydrate molecules have been investigated.	Carbohydrates	154-166	flocculin FLO1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	118-123
23547138-0	2013	Impact of T1r3 and Trpm5 on carbohydrate preference and acceptance in C57BL/6 mice.	Carbohydrates	28-40	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 5	Mus musculus	19-24
9062493-1	1997	Glycodelin is a glycoprotein named for its unique carbohydrate structure.	Carbohydrates	50-62	progestagen associated endometrial protein	Homo sapiens	0-10
9024699-2	1997	Based on cell attachment assays, L-selectin was suggested to function as a carbohydrate presenting ligand for E- and P-selectin.	Carbohydrates	75-87	selectin L	Homo sapiens	33-43
9024699-2	1997	Based on cell attachment assays, L-selectin was suggested to function as a carbohydrate presenting ligand for E- and P-selectin.	Carbohydrates	75-87	selectin P	Homo sapiens	117-127
10334328-3	1999	Compared with ad libitum-fed control rats, the refeeding of isocaloric amounts of a low-fat (high-carbohydrate) diet resulted in lower energy expenditure and lower mRNA levels of muscle UCP2 and UCP3.	Carbohydrates	98-110	uncoupling protein 3	Rattus norvegicus	195-199
9892607-7	1999	These findings demonstrate that the HECA-452- defined antigen, CLA, is an essential carbohydrate component of vascular L-selectin ligands.	Carbohydrates	84-96	selectin P ligand	Homo sapiens	63-66
9892607-7	1999	These findings demonstrate that the HECA-452- defined antigen, CLA, is an essential carbohydrate component of vascular L-selectin ligands.	Carbohydrates	84-96	selectin L	Homo sapiens	119-129
23567053-3	2013	Insulin is an anabolic hormone that plays numerous roles in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, as well as being a potent regulator of fatty acid oxidation.	Carbohydrates	78-91	insulin	Bos taurus	0-7
9951949-12	1999	Alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors such as acarbose, miglitol and voglibose also reduce PPHG primarily by interfering with the carbohydrate-digesting enzymes and delaying glucose absorption.	Carbohydrates	121-133	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	0-17
9033386-2	1997	To understand how this mutant, designated K3, mimics the carbohydrate-binding properties of E-selectin, structures of K3 alone and in complexes with 3"-NeuAc-Le(x), 3"-sulfo-Le(x) and 4"-sulfo-Le(x) have been determined at 1.95-2.1 A resolution by X-ray crystallography.	Carbohydrates	57-69	selectin E	Homo sapiens	92-102
9111145-1	1997	Lectin mapping, carbohydrate analysis and electrospray mass spectrometry of boar seminal plasma PSP-II glycoforms show that its single N-glycosylation site displays a repertoire of carbohydrate structures consisting of the basic pentasaccharide core Man alpha 1-6[Man alpha 1-3]Man beta1-4GlcNAc beta1-4GlcNAc with a fucosyl residue alpha1-6-linked to the innermost N-acetylglucosamine residue.	Carbohydrates	181-193	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	254-261
9111145-1	1997	Lectin mapping, carbohydrate analysis and electrospray mass spectrometry of boar seminal plasma PSP-II glycoforms show that its single N-glycosylation site displays a repertoire of carbohydrate structures consisting of the basic pentasaccharide core Man alpha 1-6[Man alpha 1-3]Man beta1-4GlcNAc beta1-4GlcNAc with a fucosyl residue alpha1-6-linked to the innermost N-acetylglucosamine residue.	Carbohydrates	181-193	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	268-275
9111145-1	1997	Lectin mapping, carbohydrate analysis and electrospray mass spectrometry of boar seminal plasma PSP-II glycoforms show that its single N-glycosylation site displays a repertoire of carbohydrate structures consisting of the basic pentasaccharide core Man alpha 1-6[Man alpha 1-3]Man beta1-4GlcNAc beta1-4GlcNAc with a fucosyl residue alpha1-6-linked to the innermost N-acetylglucosamine residue.	Carbohydrates	181-193	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	333-341
23754959-5	2013	Reduction in JH biosynthesis, JH action, or insulin-like peptide 2 (ILP2) syntheses by RNA interference (RNAi)-aided knockdown in the expression of genes coding for juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase (JHAMT), methoprene-tolerant (Met), or ILP2 respectively decreased lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and extended the survival of starved beetles.	Carbohydrates	282-294	Juvenile hormone acid O-methyltransferase-like	Tribolium castaneum	165-204
9051471-2	1997	To test the hypothesis that insulin secretion and insulin-dependent dependent glucose metabolism are modified by age and carbohydrate intake, 20 male calves (Simmental x Red Holstein) were fed a milk replacer containing 290 and 423 g lactose/kg DM from 60-70 to 190-200 kg BW.	Carbohydrates	121-133	insulin	Bos taurus	28-35
10499418-2	1999	The GD3 ganglioside phagotopes showed homology to proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism/transport.	Carbohydrates	71-83	GRDX	Homo sapiens	4-7
23754959-5	2013	Reduction in JH biosynthesis, JH action, or insulin-like peptide 2 (ILP2) syntheses by RNA interference (RNAi)-aided knockdown in the expression of genes coding for juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase (JHAMT), methoprene-tolerant (Met), or ILP2 respectively decreased lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and extended the survival of starved beetles.	Carbohydrates	282-294	Juvenile hormone acid O-methyltransferase-like	Tribolium castaneum	206-211
23661340-8	2013	The disruption of the gamma-glutamyl cycle in the ggt1 mutant results in pleiotropic effects related to biotic and abiotic stress response, antioxidant metabolism, senescence, carbohydrate metabolism, and photosynthesis, with strong implications for plant adaptation to the environment.	Carbohydrates	176-188	gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	50-54
9825953-14	1998	The alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, acarbose, voglibose and miglitol competitively and reversibly inhibit the alpha-glucosidase enzymes (glucoamylase, sucrase, maltase and isomaltase) in the brush border in the small intestine, which delays the hydrolysis of complex carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	265-278	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	4-21
9825953-14	1998	The alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, acarbose, voglibose and miglitol competitively and reversibly inhibit the alpha-glucosidase enzymes (glucoamylase, sucrase, maltase and isomaltase) in the brush border in the small intestine, which delays the hydrolysis of complex carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	265-278	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	108-125
9848668-3	1998	It is thought that for alpha-L-iduronidase to be correctly targeted to the lysosomal vesicle a particular oligosaccharide make-up must be present, and characterization of the carbohydrates is critical.	Carbohydrates	175-188	alpha-L-iduronidase	Cricetulus griseus	23-42
9000597-2	1997	A human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, HepG2, strongly adheres to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) through the interaction of E-selectin and its carbohydrate ligand sialyl Lewis X.	Carbohydrates	165-177	selectin E	Homo sapiens	146-156
9239703-9	1997	Structural analysis of their N-linked oligosaccharides combined with other functional studies suggest that GdA and GdS employ their very unusual carbohydrate sequences as functional groups that enable them to manifest their immunosuppressive activities.	Carbohydrates	145-157	progestagen associated endometrial protein	Homo sapiens	107-110
9239703-9	1997	Structural analysis of their N-linked oligosaccharides combined with other functional studies suggest that GdA and GdS employ their very unusual carbohydrate sequences as functional groups that enable them to manifest their immunosuppressive activities.	Carbohydrates	145-157	progestagen associated endometrial protein	Homo sapiens	115-118
23608222-5	2013	By voluntary feeding of carbohydrate alone, insulin secretion was induced significantly in Kir6.2(-/-) mice but was markedly attenuated compared with that in Kir6.2(+/+) mice.	Carbohydrates	24-36	potassium inwardly rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 11	Mus musculus	91-97
8917642-2	1996	Investigation of the carbohydrate ligand sialyl Lewis X recognition site of P-selectin.	Carbohydrates	21-33	selectin P	Homo sapiens	76-86
23653626-1	2013	The zwitterionic capsular polysaccharide A (PSA) of Bacteroides fragilis is the first carbohydrate antigen described to be presented in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II for the induction of CD4(+) T cell responses.	Carbohydrates	86-98	aminopeptidase puromycin sensitive	Homo sapiens	44-47
8912663-1	1996	Mannan-binding lectin (MBL), previously called "mannan-binding protein" or MBP, is a plasma C-type lectin which, upon binding to carbohydrate structures on micro-organisms, activates the classical pathway of complement.	Carbohydrates	129-141	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-21
8912663-1	1996	Mannan-binding lectin (MBL), previously called "mannan-binding protein" or MBP, is a plasma C-type lectin which, upon binding to carbohydrate structures on micro-organisms, activates the classical pathway of complement.	Carbohydrates	129-141	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	23-26
8912663-2	1996	Purification of MBL relies on its Ca(2+)-dependent affinity for carbohydrate, but existing methods are susceptible to contamination by anti-carbohydrate antibodies.	Carbohydrates	64-76	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	16-19
8912663-2	1996	Purification of MBL relies on its Ca(2+)-dependent affinity for carbohydrate, but existing methods are susceptible to contamination by anti-carbohydrate antibodies.	Carbohydrates	140-152	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	16-19
9639538-1	1998	Polysialic acid (polySia) is a carbohydrate structure found on neural cell adhesion molecules (N-CAM).	Carbohydrates	31-43	neural cell adhesion molecule 1 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	95-100
9881775-1	1998	The carbohydrate-binding site of galectin 1, a vertebrate beta-galactoside-binding lectin, has a pronounced specificity for the betaGal(1--&gt;3)- and betaGal(1--&gt;4)GlcNAc sequences.	Carbohydrates	4-16	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	33-43
9881775-2	1998	The binding inhibition study reported herein was carried out to determine whether sulfation of saccharides would influence their binding by galectin 1.	Carbohydrates	95-106	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	140-150
23715470-3	2013	NHL26 overexpressor plants grew more slowly than wild-type plants, accumulated high levels of carbohydrates in mature leaves, and had a higher shoot biomass, contrasting with slower root growth and a lower seed yield.	Carbohydrates	94-107	Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein family	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-5
9097236-1	1996	A three-dimensional model of the carbohydrate recognition domain of a rat macrophage C-type lectin has been constructed by comparative modeling and assessed by inverse folding analysis.	Carbohydrates	33-45	C-type lectin domain family 4, member D	Rattus norvegicus	74-98
8797823-5	1996	A structural database search revealed close similarity between the Link module and the C-type lectin domain, with the predicted hyaluronan-binding site at an analogous position to the carbohydrate-binding pocket in E-selectin.	Carbohydrates	184-196	selectin E	Homo sapiens	215-225
9655832-3	1998	Human MAdCAM-1 has a unique dual function compared to other members in the same subclass in that it binds both the integrin alpha4beta7, through its two IgSF domains, and a selectin expressed on leukocytes, via carbohydrate sidechains.	Carbohydrates	211-223	mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	6-14
23444403-1	2013	Galectin-1 (Gal1) is a member of a highly conserved family of carbohydrate-binding proteins.	Carbohydrates	62-74	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
9582341-4	1998	Comparison with the published structures of galectins-1 and -2 provides an explanation for the differences in carbohydrate-binding specificity shown by galectin-3, and for the fact that it fails to form dimers by analogous CRD-CRD interactions.	Carbohydrates	110-122	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	44-62
23274141-2	2013	The human intestinal pathogen Vibrio cholerae secretes a pore-forming toxin, V.cholerae cytolysin (VCC), which contains two domains that are structurally similar to known carbohydrate-binding proteins.	Carbohydrates	171-183	perforin 1	Homo sapiens	88-97
9556610-4	1998	Assessment of carbohydrate-dependent binding revealed a saturable amount of ligand sites approaching 2.6 x 10(6) galectin-1 molecules bound/cell.	Carbohydrates	14-26	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	113-123
9556610-6	1998	The assumption that GM1 is a major ligand for galectin-1 was reinforced by the correlation between the number of carbohydrate-dependent 125I-iodinated GM1-neoganglioprotein binding sites and the amount of immunoreactive surface galectin-1, the marked sensitivity of probe binding to the presence of anti-galectin-1 antibody, and the inhibition of cell adhesion to surface-immobilized GM1 by the antibody.	Carbohydrates	113-125	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	46-56
9556610-6	1998	The assumption that GM1 is a major ligand for galectin-1 was reinforced by the correlation between the number of carbohydrate-dependent 125I-iodinated GM1-neoganglioprotein binding sites and the amount of immunoreactive surface galectin-1, the marked sensitivity of probe binding to the presence of anti-galectin-1 antibody, and the inhibition of cell adhesion to surface-immobilized GM1 by the antibody.	Carbohydrates	113-125	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	228-238
9556610-6	1998	The assumption that GM1 is a major ligand for galectin-1 was reinforced by the correlation between the number of carbohydrate-dependent 125I-iodinated GM1-neoganglioprotein binding sites and the amount of immunoreactive surface galectin-1, the marked sensitivity of probe binding to the presence of anti-galectin-1 antibody, and the inhibition of cell adhesion to surface-immobilized GM1 by the antibody.	Carbohydrates	113-125	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	228-238
9556610-7	1998	The results open the possibility that the carbohydrate-dependent interaction between ganglioside GM1 and galectin-1 may relay sialidase-dependent alterations in this cell system.	Carbohydrates	42-54	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	105-115
8702911-2	1996	Examination of the expressed sequence tag (EST) data base for novel type C lectins using E-selectin as a probe resulted in the identification of a distantly related short polypeptide sequence containing many of the conserved residues found in these carbohydrate-binding proteins.	Carbohydrates	249-261	selectin E	Homo sapiens	89-99
8806735-1	1996	The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is inhibited by the addition of polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) to a high carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	126-138	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 2	Mus musculus	16-49
8806735-1	1996	The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is inhibited by the addition of polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) to a high carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	126-138	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 2	Mus musculus	51-55
8796120-7	1996	An L-selectin-independent interaction between neutrophils and cardiac myocytes was observed that was delayed (peak adhesion at 40-50 min, rather than 30 min), but still inhibited by anti-CD18 mAb (by 65 +/- 11%, P &lt; 0.05) and carbohydrates (by 87-97%, each P &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	229-242	selectin L	Homo sapiens	3-13
9556613-0	1998	Identification of a major carbohydrate capping group of the L-selectin ligand on high endothelial venules in human lymph nodes as 6-sulfo sialyl Lewis X.	Carbohydrates	26-38	selectin L	Homo sapiens	60-70
23303871-0	2013	Genetic variants at PSMD3 interact with dietary fat and carbohydrate to modulate insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	56-68	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 3	Homo sapiens	20-25
8796120-12	1996	Inhibition of adhesion by adenosine interferes with L-selectin-independent carbohydrate binding and possibly CD18.	Carbohydrates	75-87	selectin L	Homo sapiens	52-62
8878037-4	1996	Inactivation of the ccpA gene in the genome of S. xylosus relieved the activities of three enzymes, alpha-glucosidase, beta-glucuronidase, and beta-galactosidase, from cataboilte repression by several carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	201-214	alpha-glucosidase	Staphylococcus xylosus	100-117
9512483-4	1998	To elucidate the mechanisms whereby dietary carbohydrates enhance the LPH mRNA expression, 7-week-old rats that had been fed a low-carbohydrate diet (5.5% of energy as starch) were given diets containing various monosaccharides or sucrose for 12h.	Carbohydrates	44-57	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	70-73
9512483-4	1998	To elucidate the mechanisms whereby dietary carbohydrates enhance the LPH mRNA expression, 7-week-old rats that had been fed a low-carbohydrate diet (5.5% of energy as starch) were given diets containing various monosaccharides or sucrose for 12h.	Carbohydrates	44-56	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	70-73
24364044-1	2013	AIM: Adiponectin and leptin are two adipokines playing important roles in the regulation of body weight, appetite, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	115-127	leptin	Homo sapiens	21-27
9512483-5	1998	Among carbohydrates examined, fructose, sucrose, galactose and glycerol elicited an increase in LPH mRNA accumulation along with a rise in lactase activity in the jejunum.	Carbohydrates	6-19	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	96-99
9512483-5	1998	Among carbohydrates examined, fructose, sucrose, galactose and glycerol elicited an increase in LPH mRNA accumulation along with a rise in lactase activity in the jejunum.	Carbohydrates	6-19	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	139-146
8691708-2	1996	E-selectin is an adhesion molecule expressed on IL-1 activated endothelial cells and it binds to carbohydrate ligands such as sialy Lewis A antigen (SLeA) or Lewis X antigen (SLeX) on cancer cells.	Carbohydrates	97-109	selectin E	Homo sapiens	0-10
23649262-1	2013	Since the discovery of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and their inhibitory effects on the digestion of carbohydrates, promising results have been obtained as to the antidiabetic effects of this family of compounds.	Carbohydrates	101-114	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	23-40
8724132-12	1996	The carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of RHL1, isolated after subtilisin digestion of ASGP-R bound to ASOR-Sepharose, retained ligand-binding activity as assessed by its binding to ASOR-Sepharose and by ligand blotting.	Carbohydrates	4-16	mucin 4, cell surface associated	Rattus norvegicus	90-94
8617993-1	1996	E-selectin is an endothelial adhesion molecule that binds carbohydrate epitopes on leukocytes and has been implicated in a potential pathway of tumor metastasis.	Carbohydrates	58-70	selectin E	Homo sapiens	0-10
9657274-3	1998	This property was inhibited by EDTA and by monosaccharides, and exhibited a similar pH dependence to the carbohydrate (mannan)-binding activity of MBL.	Carbohydrates	105-117	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	147-150
9551558-5	1998	The IIA domains catalyse the transfer of a phosphoryl group from HPr to IIB, which phosphorylates the transported carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	114-126	colicin Ia immunity protein	Escherichia coli	4-7
9551558-6	1998	Knowledge of the structures of the IIA proteins may provide insight into the mechanisms by which the PTS couples phosphorylation reactions with carbohydrate specificity.	Carbohydrates	144-156	colicin Ia immunity protein	Escherichia coli	35-38
22899857-8	2013	Fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis detected decreased LLO and N-glycans in mpi morphants.	Carbohydrates	21-33	mannose phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	90-93
9551558-16	1998	Differences in the stabilisation of the invariant residue Arg17 of HPr by the different IIA proteins might be part of a subtle mechanism to control the hierarchy of carbohydrate utilisation by the bacterium.	Carbohydrates	165-177	colicin Ia immunity protein	Escherichia coli	88-91
9478973-4	1998	Lec2-NCAM was co-transfected with a human fetal brain cDNA library, a cDNA encoding the rat glucuronyltransferase that forms a precursor of the HNK-1 carbohydrate, and a vector encoding the polyoma large T antigen.	Carbohydrates	150-162	adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L1	Homo sapiens	0-4
9478973-4	1998	Lec2-NCAM was co-transfected with a human fetal brain cDNA library, a cDNA encoding the rat glucuronyltransferase that forms a precursor of the HNK-1 carbohydrate, and a vector encoding the polyoma large T antigen.	Carbohydrates	150-162	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	5-9
8740443-8	1996	The molecular weight of the proteins (58 and 51 kDa) was reduced to 36 kDa following treatment with N-glycanase but not further reduced after subsequent treatment with neuraminidase and O-glycanase, suggesting that OBCAM has N-glycosylated carbohydrate chains and that its two isoforms are different, at least, in the degree of N-glycosylation.	Carbohydrates	240-252	opioid binding protein/cell adhesion molecule like	Bos taurus	215-220
8631744-3	1996	Five regions of E-selectin that differ in sequence from the corresponding regions of MBP have been introduced into the carbohydrate-recognition domain of MBP.	Carbohydrates	119-131	selectin E	Homo sapiens	16-26
24367138-2	2013	Having in mind the oligoreactivity of IgM and its preference for carbohydrate antigens, there is the possibility that it can selectively recognize known PSA glycoisoforms.	Carbohydrates	65-77	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	153-156
8631806-0	1996	Characterization of carbohydrate-binding protein p33/41: relation with annexin IV, molecular basis of the doublet forms (p33 and p41), and modulation of the carbohydrate binding activity by phospholipids.	Carbohydrates	20-32	erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1	Bos taurus	129-132
8639509-10	1996	Metabolic pulse-chase labeling studies of U373-MG astroglioma cells indicated that turnover of the carbohydrate on alphaB-crystallin is not static but proceeds many-fold more rapidly than turnover of the protein backbone itself, consistent with a regulatory role for O-GlcNAc on this small heat shock protein.	Carbohydrates	99-111	O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase	Homo sapiens	267-275
9466573-0	1998	Complexity and differential expression of carbohydrate epitopes associated with L-selectin recognition of high endothelial venules.	Carbohydrates	42-54	selectin L	Homo sapiens	80-90
9466573-1	1998	Carbohydrate ligands for lymphocyte L-selectin are expressed on high endothelial venules (HEVs) in peripheral lymph nodes and sites of chronic inflammation and mediate the recruitment of lymphocytes from the blood into these tissues.	Carbohydrates	0-12	selectin L	Homo sapiens	36-46
9466573-12	1998	These findings point to significant diversity in the carbohydrate determinants expressed by HEVs and recognized by L-selectin and demonstrate their differential representation in different sites in vivo.	Carbohydrates	53-65	selectin L	Homo sapiens	115-125
9439603-7	1998	The regulations of TNFR I and II expression by different carbohydrate moieties were also distinct.	Carbohydrates	57-69	TNF receptor superfamily member 1A	Homo sapiens	19-25
8634454-1	1996	Adhesion between platelets and neutrophils is mediated through the interaction of P-selectin on activated platelets with a carbohydrate-containing structure on neutrophils, and occurs under both static and shear conditions.	Carbohydrates	123-135	selectin P	Homo sapiens	82-92
23573304-20	2013	The presence of neutral and acidic carbohydrates in DP suggests that these carbohydrates of mucin are attached to the MUC5AC and MUC6 mucin core proteins.	Carbohydrates	35-48	mucin 5AC, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	118-124
8626751-7	1996	Both unglycosylated human granzyme B (26 kDa) and that bearing high mannose glycosylation (32 kDa) were internalized and bound within nuclei, but forms greater than 32 kDa with complex carbohydrate addition were excluded.	Carbohydrates	185-197	granzyme B	Homo sapiens	26-36
23573304-20	2013	The presence of neutral and acidic carbohydrates in DP suggests that these carbohydrates of mucin are attached to the MUC5AC and MUC6 mucin core proteins.	Carbohydrates	75-88	mucin 5AC, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	118-124
9064281-5	1996	Similar to the UCHL1 epitope, the BL-TSub/2 binding site involves carbohydrate moieties, since neuraminidase treatment abrogated the reactivity of the MAb.	Carbohydrates	66-78	ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1	Homo sapiens	15-20
22707060-7	2013	The data showed that the affinity of MIP2 for lactose is significantly higher than other saccharides.	Carbohydrates	89-100	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	37-41
8579578-1	1996	P-selectin (GMP-140, CD62P) is a member of the selectin family of cell adhesion molecules expressed on the cell surface of platelets and endothelial cells, which mediates leukocyte adhesion via carbohydrate ligands.	Carbohydrates	194-206	selectin P	Homo sapiens	0-10
8579578-1	1996	P-selectin (GMP-140, CD62P) is a member of the selectin family of cell adhesion molecules expressed on the cell surface of platelets and endothelial cells, which mediates leukocyte adhesion via carbohydrate ligands.	Carbohydrates	194-206	selectin P	Homo sapiens	12-19
8579578-1	1996	P-selectin (GMP-140, CD62P) is a member of the selectin family of cell adhesion molecules expressed on the cell surface of platelets and endothelial cells, which mediates leukocyte adhesion via carbohydrate ligands.	Carbohydrates	194-206	selectin P	Homo sapiens	21-26
9417085-10	1998	In the model, these residues form a coherent surface the location of which approximately corresponds to the carbohydrate binding sites in two functionally unrelated calcium-dependent lectins, mannose-binding protein and E-selectin (CD62E).	Carbohydrates	108-120	selectin E	Homo sapiens	220-230
9417085-10	1998	In the model, these residues form a coherent surface the location of which approximately corresponds to the carbohydrate binding sites in two functionally unrelated calcium-dependent lectins, mannose-binding protein and E-selectin (CD62E).	Carbohydrates	108-120	selectin E	Homo sapiens	232-237
25702427-3	2013	RESULTS: Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in MS patients are associated with the high levels of systemic inflammation markers (CRP, TNF-alpha, IL-6) and a two-fold rise in the PAI-1 level.	Carbohydrates	22-34	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	180-185
9498065-2	1998	Lymphocyte L-selectin plays a key role in the initial interaction of lymphocytes with HEVs by recognizing sulfated carbohydrate ligands on HEV mucin-like glycoproteins, GlyCAM-1, CD34 and MAdCAM-1.	Carbohydrates	115-127	selectin L	Homo sapiens	11-21
9498065-2	1998	Lymphocyte L-selectin plays a key role in the initial interaction of lymphocytes with HEVs by recognizing sulfated carbohydrate ligands on HEV mucin-like glycoproteins, GlyCAM-1, CD34 and MAdCAM-1.	Carbohydrates	115-127	mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	188-196
8836739-5	1996	The induction of the composite H-PK/Tag and SV-PK/Tag transgenes by a carbohydrate-rich diet in the liver was similar to that of the endogenous L-PK gene.	Carbohydrates	70-82	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 1	Mus musculus	31-35
23511477-4	2013	The unexpected observation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide located at the carbohydrate-binding site expands our knowledge of the sugar-binding specificity of galectin-8.	Carbohydrates	79-91	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	163-173
8623511-2	1996	PSA is a glycoprotein composed of 93% amino acids and 7% carbohydrates, with a molecular weight of about 30,000 Da.	Carbohydrates	57-70	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
9801861-4	1998	That the extracellular domain of the EGF receptor carries carbohydrate or sialoglycan structures might be important for function of the receptor.	Carbohydrates	58-70	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	37-40
23511477-5	2013	The NDP52-galectin-8 complex structure explains the key determinants for recognition on both receptors and defines a special orientation of N- and C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domains of galectin-8.	Carbohydrates	158-170	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	10-20
14518264-1	1998	MUC2 is known to be the main intestinal mucin carrying the carbohydrate moiety sialyl-Le(x), which interacts with the endothelial molecule E-selectin.	Carbohydrates	59-71	selectin E	Homo sapiens	139-149
23511477-5	2013	The NDP52-galectin-8 complex structure explains the key determinants for recognition on both receptors and defines a special orientation of N- and C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domains of galectin-8.	Carbohydrates	158-170	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	194-204
9442926-0	1997	An increase in the carbohydrate moiety of alpha 2-macroglobulin is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).	Carbohydrates	19-31	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Homo sapiens	42-63
23573288-6	2013	Mechanistic studies with Ebola virus (EBOV) glycoprotein pseudotyped lentiviruses confirmed that MBL binds to N-linked glycan epitopes on viral surfaces in a specific manner via the MBL carbohydrate recognition domain, which is necessary for enhanced infection.	Carbohydrates	186-198	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	97-100
21552971-9	1995	PC3 bone cells, which metastasized selectively to bone, demonstrated the presence of galactose residues whereas PC3 cells did not, suggesting that preference for target organ endothelium may be influenced by the expression of carbohydrate residues.	Carbohydrates	226-238	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
23573288-6	2013	Mechanistic studies with Ebola virus (EBOV) glycoprotein pseudotyped lentiviruses confirmed that MBL binds to N-linked glycan epitopes on viral surfaces in a specific manner via the MBL carbohydrate recognition domain, which is necessary for enhanced infection.	Carbohydrates	186-198	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	182-185
9382866-1	1997	Phosphoglucomutase (PGM) is a ubiquitous highly conserved enzyme involved in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	77-89	phosphoglucomutase-1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	20-23
23533660-7	2013	Furthermore, during salt stress, expression of several carbohydrate metabolism-related genes including those for sucrose synthase, sucrose-phosphate synthase, hexose transporter and a group2 LEA protein were obviously upregulated in UGT85A5-expressing transgenic plants compared with wild type controls.	Carbohydrates	55-67	UDP-glucosyl transferase 85A5	Arabidopsis thaliana	233-240
9524927-3	1997	Concanavalin A lectin affinity chromatography was used to analyse apolipoprotein H according to the characteristics of its carbohydrate chain inner to sialic acid residues.	Carbohydrates	123-135	apolipoprotein H	Homo sapiens	66-82
8556166-2	1995	Human milk BSSL is heavily glycosylated (30-40% carbohydrate) and present at a concentration of approximately 100-200 mg/l, thereby being one of the most abundant human whey proteins.	Carbohydrates	48-60	carboxyl ester lipase	Homo sapiens	11-15
7488222-2	1995	The enzyme, identified by both activity staining and anti-yeast G6PD antibody immunoblotting, was shown to contain carbohydrate using the highly specific periodate-digoxigenin antidigoxigenin method which is diagnostic for glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	115-127	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	64-68
9373214-6	1997	Both epitopes are located close to the predicted carbohydrate binding site, indicating that HuDREG-55 and HuDREG-200 block the function of L-selectin by directly inhibiting the binding to carbohydrate ligands.	Carbohydrates	49-61	selectin L	Homo sapiens	139-149
9373214-6	1997	Both epitopes are located close to the predicted carbohydrate binding site, indicating that HuDREG-55 and HuDREG-200 block the function of L-selectin by directly inhibiting the binding to carbohydrate ligands.	Carbohydrates	188-200	selectin L	Homo sapiens	139-149
22921887-8	2012	Overall, these results suggest that dietary factors including increased protein content, supplementation of specific amino acids like alanine and sodium glutamate, as well as sodium pyruvate and MCT all show beneficial effects on citrin deficiency by increasing the carbohydrate tolerance of Ctrn/mGPD-KO mice, as observed through increased food intake and maintenance of body weight.	Carbohydrates	266-278	solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier, adenine nucleotide translocator), member 13	Mus musculus	292-296
7585949-3	1995	We report here the identification of a non-carbohydrate component of the binding determinant that is critical for high affinity binding to P-selectin.	Carbohydrates	43-55	selectin P	Homo sapiens	139-149
22982027-0	2012	Distinct contributions of Galgt1 and Galgt2 to carbohydrate expression and function at the mouse neuromuscular junction.	Carbohydrates	47-59	beta-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyl transferase 1	Mus musculus	26-32
8562269-7	1995	The inhibition of alpha-glucosidase by these agents is competitive and reversible and results in delayed and reduced uptake of carbohydrates across the intestine.	Carbohydrates	127-140	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	18-35
7665231-6	1995	Incubation of NCI-H1688 cells with tunicamycin or cleavage of carbohydrate residues of NCI-H1688 or MCF-7/AdrVp membrane proteins with PNGase F leads to the appearance of a sharp 35-kDa band reactive with anti-P-95 antisera.	Carbohydrates	62-74	nibrin	Homo sapiens	210-214
9376344-10	1997	These carbohydrates, bound to lipid or to protein, may therefore be the physiological epitope for E-selectin-dependent binding of these cells, particularly under dynamic flow conditions.	Carbohydrates	6-19	selectin E	Homo sapiens	98-108
22982027-0	2012	Distinct contributions of Galgt1 and Galgt2 to carbohydrate expression and function at the mouse neuromuscular junction.	Carbohydrates	47-59	beta-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyl transferase 2	Mus musculus	37-43
9384537-1	1997	The unusual carbohydrate polysialic acid (PSA), attached uniquely to neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) through a developmentally regulated process, modulates neural cell interactions.	Carbohydrates	12-24	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	69-98
22982027-7	2012	These experiments demonstrate that Galgt1 and Galgt2 contribute in distinct ways to the expression and function of synaptic betaGalNAc-containing carbohydrates at the NMJ.	Carbohydrates	146-159	beta-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyl transferase 1	Mus musculus	35-41
9384537-1	1997	The unusual carbohydrate polysialic acid (PSA), attached uniquely to neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) through a developmentally regulated process, modulates neural cell interactions.	Carbohydrates	12-24	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	100-104
7650378-2	1995	MAdCAM-1 is a multifunctional type l transmembrane adhesion molecule comprising two distal lg domains involved in alpha 4 beta 7 integrin binding, a mucin-like region able to display L-selectin-binding carbohydrates, and a membrane-proximal lg domain homologous to lgA.	Carbohydrates	202-215	mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	0-8
7650378-2	1995	MAdCAM-1 is a multifunctional type l transmembrane adhesion molecule comprising two distal lg domains involved in alpha 4 beta 7 integrin binding, a mucin-like region able to display L-selectin-binding carbohydrates, and a membrane-proximal lg domain homologous to lgA.	Carbohydrates	202-215	selectin L	Homo sapiens	183-193
7650378-7	1995	This short variant of MAdCAM-1 may be specialized to support alpha 4 beta 7-dependent adhesion strengthening, independent of carbohydrate-presenting function.	Carbohydrates	125-137	mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	22-30
22982027-7	2012	These experiments demonstrate that Galgt1 and Galgt2 contribute in distinct ways to the expression and function of synaptic betaGalNAc-containing carbohydrates at the NMJ.	Carbohydrates	146-159	beta-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyl transferase 2	Mus musculus	46-52
22820001-3	2012	The data regarding the ability of HECA-452 to inhibit carbohydrate-mediated leukocyte adhesion to E-selectin remains conflicted, in part due to the presence of a variety of potential E-selectin reactive moieties on leukocytes.	Carbohydrates	54-66	selectin E	Homo sapiens	98-108
9317149-2	1997	By binding its carbohydrate-based ligands, L-selectin initiates this cascade of molecular interactions, supporting the rolling of lymphocytes along high endothelial venules.	Carbohydrates	15-27	selectin L	Homo sapiens	43-53
23175334-0	2012	Role of ghrelin and leptin in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	48-60	leptin	Homo sapiens	20-26
7544493-4	1995	Mutagenesis of all residues in the vicinity of the glycan suggests that the glycan is not a component of the CD2-CD58 interface; rather, the carbohydrate stabilizes the protein fold by counterbalancing an unfavorable clustering of five positive charges centered about lysine-61 of CD2.	Carbohydrates	141-153	CD2 molecule	Homo sapiens	281-284
23036050-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Glycodelin is a cell surface glycoprotein offering a unique gender specific carbohydrate configuration.	Carbohydrates	88-100	progestagen associated endometrial protein	Homo sapiens	12-22
7556163-1	1995	A stereo chemical refinement of the crystalline complex between porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase and a pseudopentasaccharide from the amylostatin family has been performed through molecular mechanics calculations, using a set of parameters appropriate for protein and protein-carbohydrate interactions.	Carbohydrates	276-288	amylase, alpha 2A (pancreatic)	Sus scrofa	72-96
9314014-1	1997	Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors are antihyperglycemic agents that lower blood glucose by delaying the digestion and absorption of complex carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	135-148	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	0-17
9376682-1	1997	Two humanized antibody mutants, hLL2HCN1 and hLL2HCN5, engineered with CH1 domain-appended carbohydrates (CHOs) were generated to facilitate site-specific conjugation of radionuclides and anti-cancer drugs to antibodies.	Carbohydrates	91-104	SUN domain containing ossification factor	Homo sapiens	71-74
23036050-2	2012	Sialylated carbohydrate structures, which are unusual for mammals, characterize Glycodelin isolated from amniotic fluid (Glycodelin A, GdA).	Carbohydrates	11-23	progestagen associated endometrial protein	Homo sapiens	80-90
7646495-1	1995	We present evidence that the expression of the novel intracellular carbohydrate modification of proteins--O-glycosidically linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc)--is significantly upregulated in Alzheimer brains over that of age matched control brains.	Carbohydrates	67-79	O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase	Homo sapiens	151-159
9299793-11	1997	In addition, the expression of Pho1a and Agp4 (the large submit of ADPglucose synthase) from potato seems to be partly coordinately regulated by carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	145-158	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 1	Solanum tuberosum	67-86
23036050-2	2012	Sialylated carbohydrate structures, which are unusual for mammals, characterize Glycodelin isolated from amniotic fluid (Glycodelin A, GdA).	Carbohydrates	11-23	progestagen associated endometrial protein	Homo sapiens	121-133
22971926-9	2012	These results indicate that the decrease in MDH1 and subsequent reduction in NAD/NADH ratio, which causes SIRT1 inhibition, is a likely carbohydrate metabolism-controlled cellular senescence mechanism.	Carbohydrates	136-148	malate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	44-48
9252114-6	1997	Taken together, these results demonstrate that the C2 domain is involved in gp120 oligomerization and suggest that gp120 oligomers but not monomers have specific carbohydrate binding properties.	Carbohydrates	162-174	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	115-120
7592210-0	1995	Carbohydrate metabolism during exercise: influence of circulating fat availability.	Carbohydrates	0-12	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Canis lupus familiaris	66-69
7552234-0	1995	Aggregation of insulin and its prevention by carbohydrate excipients.	Carbohydrates	45-57	insulin	Bos taurus	15-22
7552234-2	1995	Aggregation of insulin and its prevention by carbohydrate excipients was investigated in this study.	Carbohydrates	45-57	insulin	Bos taurus	15-22
7552234-9	1995	Aggregation induced by shaking insulin solutions resulted in insoluble aggregation, which could also be minimized by carbohydrate excipients.	Carbohydrates	117-129	insulin	Bos taurus	31-38
22913484-0	2012	X-ray structure of a protease-resistant mutant form of human galectin-8 with two carbohydrate recognition domains.	Carbohydrates	81-93	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	61-71
8578492-5	1995	The importance of carbohydrate modification of TF is reviewed.	Carbohydrates	18-30	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	47-49
9204884-8	1997	In addition, molar excess of beta-lactose but not sucrose competitively blocked the binding of 125I-Lf to cells, indicating that Lf bound at or very near the carbohydrate-recognition domain of RHL-1.	Carbohydrates	158-170	lactotransferrin	Rattus norvegicus	129-131
9212748-2	1997	E-selectin is an adhesive protein expressed by cytokine-activated endothelium that can support adhesion of colon cancer cells through the recognition of specific carbohydrate ligands.	Carbohydrates	162-174	selectin E	Homo sapiens	0-10
22913484-1	2012	Galectin-8 is a tandem-repeat-type beta-galactoside-specific animal lectin possessing N-terminal and C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domains (N-CRD and C-CRD, respectively), with a difference in carbohydrate-binding specificity, involved in cell-matrix interaction, malignant transformation, and cell adhesion.	Carbohydrates	112-124	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	0-10
7541041-2	1995	L-selectin is a leukocyte cell surface glycoprotein involved in carbohydrate-specific ligand binding which mediates rolling of leukocytes along endothelial surfaces.	Carbohydrates	64-76	selectin L	Homo sapiens	0-10
22913484-1	2012	Galectin-8 is a tandem-repeat-type beta-galactoside-specific animal lectin possessing N-terminal and C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domains (N-CRD and C-CRD, respectively), with a difference in carbohydrate-binding specificity, involved in cell-matrix interaction, malignant transformation, and cell adhesion.	Carbohydrates	199-211	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	0-10
9249051-4	1997	To clarify the molecular basis for the stabilisation effect of saccharide moieties on human G-CSF the whole glycoprotein expressed in CHO cells has been investigated by means of two 1H-NMR-spectroscopy and two 1H-detected-heteronuclear 1H-13C experiments at natural abundance, and compared with the non-glycosylated form.	Carbohydrates	63-73	colony stimulating factor 3	Homo sapiens	92-97
23185754-9	2012	Genes correlated to carbohydrate metabolism included AGL, B3GNT1, FUT9, ST8SIA4, SULT1A4, DDOST, and PIGL, mainly involved in glucogen degradation and glycoconjugate biosynthesis.	Carbohydrates	20-32	fucosyltransferase 9	Homo sapiens	66-70
7539797-3	1995	A known E-selectin ligand is the carbohydrate antigen, sialyl Lewis(x) (sLe(x) (Neu5Ac alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4(Fuc alpha 1-3)GlcNAc).	Carbohydrates	33-45	selectin E	Homo sapiens	8-18
22776203-2	2012	Recent advance in structural biology of chicken ZP3 provided new insights into molecular mechanisms of the egg-coat function involving its carbohydrate moieties.	Carbohydrates	139-151	zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 3	Gallus gallus	48-51
7611407-6	1995	These results suggest that both gene expression and posttranslational events of LPH might be influenced by dietary manipulations; carbohydrate intake primarily increases LPH mRNA levels, and LCT accelerates inactivation and/or degradation of lactase.	Carbohydrates	130-142	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	80-83
9215295-13	1997	The correlation between the plasma IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio and WBGD persisted after adjustment for body fat, fasting plasma insulin concentration, daily carbohydrate and fat intake, and daily physical activity (r = 0.55; P &lt; 0.009), but not after further adjustment for plasma free fatty acid concentration (r = 0.30; P = 0.17).	Carbohydrates	155-167	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	41-48
9183744-3	1997	In the present study, we identified two novel carbohydrates present on N-CAM, NOC-3 and NOC-4.	Carbohydrates	46-59	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-76
7611407-6	1995	These results suggest that both gene expression and posttranslational events of LPH might be influenced by dietary manipulations; carbohydrate intake primarily increases LPH mRNA levels, and LCT accelerates inactivation and/or degradation of lactase.	Carbohydrates	130-142	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	170-173
9183744-4	1997	Both carbohydrates were detected on N-CAM glycoforms expressed by subpopulations of primary sensory olfactory neurons in the rat olfactory system.	Carbohydrates	5-18	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-41
22621968-2	2012	Here, we assessed the necessity of the T1R2 and T1R3 subunits in the maintenance of normal taste sensitivity to carbohydrate stimuli.	Carbohydrates	112-124	taste receptor, type 1, member 2	Mus musculus	39-43
9168056-9	1997	In addition, we find that different Lewis carbohydrates are more effective in mediating rolling on E-selectin, with effectiveness following the trend sialyl Lewis(a) &gt; sialyl Lewis(x) &gt;&gt; sulfated Lewis(x) &gt;&gt; Lewis(x).	Carbohydrates	42-55	selectin E	Homo sapiens	99-109
7730623-6	1995	Carbohydrate-deficient class I molecules were found to accumulate intracellularly in an open, non-beta 2-microglobulin-associated conformation.	Carbohydrates	0-12	beta-2-microglobulin	Homo sapiens	98-118
22621968-2	2012	Here, we assessed the necessity of the T1R2 and T1R3 subunits in the maintenance of normal taste sensitivity to carbohydrate stimuli.	Carbohydrates	112-124	taste receptor, type 1, member 3	Mus musculus	48-52
7755551-0	1995	Functional synergism in the carbohydrate-induced activation of liver-type pyruvate kinase gene expression.	Carbohydrates	28-40	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	63-89
22621968-9	2012	Our findings support the view that the T1R2+3 heterodimer is the principal receptor that mediates taste detection of natural sweeteners, but not of all carbohydrate stimuli.	Carbohydrates	152-164	taste receptor, type 1, member 2	Mus musculus	39-43
7755551-1	1995	Hepatic expression of the liver-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK) gene is induced at the transcriptional level by increased carbohydrate metabolism in the rat.	Carbohydrates	118-130	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	26-52
7755551-1	1995	Hepatic expression of the liver-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK) gene is induced at the transcriptional level by increased carbohydrate metabolism in the rat.	Carbohydrates	118-130	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	54-58
9304793-2	1997	Epitope(s) recognized by MAbs were sensitive to the treatment by O-glycanase, which specifically cleaves off O-linked mucin-type Gal(beta 1,3)GalNAc disaccharide, representing the major part of the carbohydrate moiety of Drosophila GP.	Carbohydrates	198-210	myospheroid	Drosophila melanogaster	133-141
9177294-5	1997	Thus, the presence of sialic acid containing mannose-rich carbohydrate moiety near the antigen binding site of a monoclonal antibody Fab fragment is relevant for defining antibody specificity.	Carbohydrates	58-70	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	133-136
7755551-2	1995	The carbohydrate response of the L-PK gene requires sequences from -171 to -124, which encompass adjacent major late transcription factor (MLTF)-like and hepatic nuclear factor (HNF)-4 binding sites.	Carbohydrates	4-16	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	33-37
7755551-2	1995	The carbohydrate response of the L-PK gene requires sequences from -171 to -124, which encompass adjacent major late transcription factor (MLTF)-like and hepatic nuclear factor (HNF)-4 binding sites.	Carbohydrates	4-16	hepatocyte nuclear factor 4, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	154-184
7755551-8	1995	We conclude that the MLTF-like factor and HNF-4 co-operate functionally to maintain the basal activity, as well as the carbohydrate responsiveness, of the L-PK gene.	Carbohydrates	119-131	hepatocyte nuclear factor 4, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	42-47
7755551-8	1995	We conclude that the MLTF-like factor and HNF-4 co-operate functionally to maintain the basal activity, as well as the carbohydrate responsiveness, of the L-PK gene.	Carbohydrates	119-131	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	155-159
22801013-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Intelectin-1 is a new type of Ca(2+)-dependant soluble lectin in humans that has affinity for galactofuranose in carbohydrate chains of bacterial cell walls, indicating that intelectin-1 may play a role in immune defense against bacteria.	Carbohydrates	125-137	intelectin 1	Homo sapiens	12-24
7537192-1	1995	Recently E-selectin (ELAM-1, endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1) was shown to recognize not only sialyl Lewis X but also sialyl Lewis A, and these carbohydrate antigens may be involved in the process of the adhesion between cancer cells and endothelial cells in cancer metastasis.	Carbohydrates	154-166	selectin E	Homo sapiens	9-19
7537192-1	1995	Recently E-selectin (ELAM-1, endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1) was shown to recognize not only sialyl Lewis X but also sialyl Lewis A, and these carbohydrate antigens may be involved in the process of the adhesion between cancer cells and endothelial cells in cancer metastasis.	Carbohydrates	154-166	selectin E	Homo sapiens	21-27
9142045-3	1997	With respect to the associations of Mo1 with Fc gamma RIIIB and uPAR, the inhibitory effect of saccharides such as NADG suggests a lectin-carbohydrate interaction that may involve the recognition of Mo1"s beta-glucan site for N-linked carbohydrates4 that are expressed by both Fc gamma RIIIB and uPAR.	Carbohydrates	95-106	plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor	Homo sapiens	296-300
22472699-2	2012	MBL enhances opsonophagocytosis by binding to carbohydrates expressed by multiple pathogens.	Carbohydrates	46-59	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
9139799-1	1997	Using two separate methods, we have determined that all six potential sites for N-linked glycosylation on the rat lutropin/choriogonadotropin receptor (rLHR) contain carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	166-179	luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor	Homo sapiens	114-150
9140021-6	1997	In addition, leptin had a profound effect on fuel selection: the respiratory quotient was markedly reduced, indicating a reduction in carbohydrate oxidation and an increase in fat oxidation.	Carbohydrates	134-146	leptin	Mus musculus	13-19
7537192-1	1995	Recently E-selectin (ELAM-1, endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1) was shown to recognize not only sialyl Lewis X but also sialyl Lewis A, and these carbohydrate antigens may be involved in the process of the adhesion between cancer cells and endothelial cells in cancer metastasis.	Carbohydrates	154-166	selectin E	Homo sapiens	29-70
7758463-0	1995	Localization of N-glycosylation sites and functional role of the carbohydrate units of GLAST-1, a cloned rat brain L-glutamate/L-aspartate transporter.	Carbohydrates	65-77	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	87-94
7739539-7	1995	Promoter activation by ADD1/SREBP1 through the carbohydrate response element E box is not sensitive to the tyrosine-to-arginine mutation, while activation through SRE-1 is completely suppressed.	Carbohydrates	47-59	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	28-34
22385136-3	2012	OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of a variation of the FTO gene on carbohydrate and lipid oxidation in PCOS women.	Carbohydrates	94-106	FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	82-85
7736581-7	1995	The presence of these domains suggests that the PKD1 protein is involved in adhesive protein-protein and protein-carbohydrate interactions in the extracellular compartment.	Carbohydrates	113-125	polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting	Homo sapiens	48-52
9130029-6	1997	RESULTS: Leptin concentrations showed an inverse association (adjusted for fat mass, age and sex) with resting energy expenditure, respiratory quotient and carbohydrate oxidation rate (r = -0.324, P &lt; 0.05; r = -0.420, P &lt; 0.01; r = 0.478, P = &lt; 0.01, respectively), and interestingly, also with dietary fat intake (unadjusted r = -0.30, P &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	156-168	leptin	Homo sapiens	9-15
9130029-8	1997	CONCLUSION: Serum leptin concentrations in obese subjects showed an inverse association with resting energy expenditure, respiratory quotient and carbohydrate oxidation rate.	Carbohydrates	146-158	leptin	Homo sapiens	18-24
9120279-3	1997	Three separate exons encode the carbohydrate recognition domain of the MAFA, defining its close homology to the genes of CD23, CD69, CD72, NKR-P1, and Ly49.	Carbohydrates	32-44	Cd72 molecule	Rattus norvegicus	133-137
22805114-0	2012	Laminar regulation of STAT1 and STAT3 in black walnut extract and carbohydrate overload induced models of laminitis.	Carbohydrates	66-78	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Equus caballus	32-37
7535385-0	1995	Lifetime of the P-selectin-carbohydrate bond and its response to tensile force in hydrodynamic flow.	Carbohydrates	27-39	selectin P	Homo sapiens	16-26
22805114-2	2012	HYPOTHESIS: The STAT1 and STAT3 activation (via phosphorylation of tyrosine and serine moieties) is occurring in the laminar tissue during the developmental and onset of lameness time points in both the black walnut extract (BWE) and carbohydrate overload (CHO) models of laminitis.	Carbohydrates	234-246	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Equus caballus	26-31
22386526-9	2012	The C1q molecule (29 kDa) was detected in the immunoprecipitates by Western blotting analysis probed with anti C1q antibody, indicating that the carbohydrate moiety of mrt-CD52 binds to C1q.	Carbohydrates	145-157	complement C1q A chain	Homo sapiens	4-7
21556602-7	1995	We conclude that tumor cell adhesion to P-selectin is highly dependent on expression of a specific core protein which appropriately assembles a specific carbohydrate to present to P-selectin.	Carbohydrates	153-165	selectin P	Homo sapiens	40-50
21556602-7	1995	We conclude that tumor cell adhesion to P-selectin is highly dependent on expression of a specific core protein which appropriately assembles a specific carbohydrate to present to P-selectin.	Carbohydrates	153-165	selectin P	Homo sapiens	180-190
7702608-4	1995	The level of GLUT2 and glucokinase mRNA in pancreas was significantly decreased in the rats fed a high-fat diet compared with a high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	133-145	solute carrier family 2 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	13-18
9155091-0	1997	Qualitative analysis of the carbohydrate composition of apolipoprotein H.	Carbohydrates	28-40	apolipoprotein H	Homo sapiens	56-72
9155091-1	1997	The specific binding of digoxigenin-labeled lectins to carbohydrate moieties is used to characterize the carbohydrate chains bound to apolipoprotein H.	Carbohydrates	55-67	apolipoprotein H	Homo sapiens	134-150
9155091-1	1997	The specific binding of digoxigenin-labeled lectins to carbohydrate moieties is used to characterize the carbohydrate chains bound to apolipoprotein H.	Carbohydrates	105-117	apolipoprotein H	Homo sapiens	134-150
9054457-2	1997	Hepatic expression of the genes encoding L-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK) and S14 is induced in rats upon feeding them a high carbohydrate, low fat diet.	Carbohydrates	123-135	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	41-63
7568245-10	1995	After carbohydrate starvation or an infusion of a fat emulsion, there was a substantial increase in the utilization of fat which, after the infusion, was concomitant with a high PDHa and a high lactate production.	Carbohydrates	6-18	pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	178-182
22386526-9	2012	The C1q molecule (29 kDa) was detected in the immunoprecipitates by Western blotting analysis probed with anti C1q antibody, indicating that the carbohydrate moiety of mrt-CD52 binds to C1q.	Carbohydrates	145-157	complement C1q A chain	Homo sapiens	111-114
22386526-9	2012	The C1q molecule (29 kDa) was detected in the immunoprecipitates by Western blotting analysis probed with anti C1q antibody, indicating that the carbohydrate moiety of mrt-CD52 binds to C1q.	Carbohydrates	145-157	complement C1q A chain	Homo sapiens	111-114
21922263-0	2012	The effects of carbohydrate ingestion during endurance running on post-exercise inflammation and hepcidin levels.	Carbohydrates	15-27	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	97-105
7743764-1	1995	alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors such as acarbose improve blood glucose control in diabetes by delaying or reducing carbohydrate absorption.	Carbohydrates	112-124	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	0-17
9054457-2	1997	Hepatic expression of the genes encoding L-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK) and S14 is induced in rats upon feeding them a high carbohydrate, low fat diet.	Carbohydrates	123-135	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	65-69
9054457-6	1997	We have conducted experiments to determine whether USF is involved in the carbohydrate-mediated regulation of L-PK and S14.	Carbohydrates	74-86	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	110-114
22105343-6	2012	Administration of 2-deoxy-glucose in (JAX)CAV1-/- mice indicated that liver regeneration in (JAX)CAV1-/- mice is strictly dependent on hepatic carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	143-155	caveolin 1, caveolae protein	Mus musculus	42-46
9084976-8	1997	This pronounced fall in serum leptin in association with reduced carbohydrate intake before substantial loss of body fat suggests a role for leptin in defending the body"s carbohydrate stores and implicates leptin in the satiating effects of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	172-184	leptin	Homo sapiens	141-147
9084976-8	1997	This pronounced fall in serum leptin in association with reduced carbohydrate intake before substantial loss of body fat suggests a role for leptin in defending the body"s carbohydrate stores and implicates leptin in the satiating effects of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	172-184	leptin	Homo sapiens	141-147
9062493-15	1997	Glycodelin is a potent inhibitor of sperm zona pellucida binding by virtue of its extensive carbohydrate structure, but it is normally at a nadir in the periovulatory period.	Carbohydrates	92-104	progestagen associated endometrial protein	Homo sapiens	0-10
7608132-1	1995	Serum mannan-binding protein (S-MBP) comprises a series of homooligomers, and activates complement when it binds to appropriate carbohydrate ligands.	Carbohydrates	128-140	transmembrane 9 superfamily member 3	Homo sapiens	30-35
7608132-10	1995	These data indicate that not only the structural integrity of the S-MBP collagen-like domain and CRD, but also a unique conformational structure present in the middle oligomers are critically important for carbohydrate-mediated complement activation.	Carbohydrates	206-218	transmembrane 9 superfamily member 3	Homo sapiens	66-71
7530048-5	1995	These results demonstrate that E-selectin interacts weakly with the minimal carbohydrate recognition determinant sLe(x).	Carbohydrates	76-88	selectin E	Homo sapiens	31-41
9003039-1	1997	We have shown recently that mouse small cerebellar neurons adhere to a short amino acid sequence of the G2 domain of the laminin alpha 1 chain via the cell surface-expressed HNK-1 carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	180-192	laminin, alpha 1	Mus musculus	121-136
22105343-6	2012	Administration of 2-deoxy-glucose in (JAX)CAV1-/- mice indicated that liver regeneration in (JAX)CAV1-/- mice is strictly dependent on hepatic carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	143-155	caveolin 1, caveolae protein	Mus musculus	97-101
22433013-4	2012	DC-SIGN recognizes N-linked high-mannose glycan clusters on HIV gp120 through multivalent and Ca(2+)-dependent protein-carbohydrate interactions.	Carbohydrates	119-131	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	64-69
9043110-11	1997	Additionally, carbohydrate supplementation inhibited LIP1 expression.	Carbohydrates	14-26	sphingosine N-acyltransferase subunit LIP1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	53-57
7832810-2	1995	The heterogeneity between these MCP-1s was ascribed to the different degree of O-glycosylation with Gal beta 1-3GalNAc beta 1-Ser/Thr, while the 13kDa was regarded as carbohydrate-free.	Carbohydrates	167-179	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	32-37
7540351-3	1995	Like the other selectins, P-selectin binds sialylated, fucosylated carbohydrate ligands such as sialyl Lewis x.	Carbohydrates	67-79	selectin P	Homo sapiens	26-36
22569262-1	2012	Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) is a tightly controlled anaplerotic enzyme situated at a pivotal branch point of plant carbohydrate-metabolism.	Carbohydrates	126-138	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Homo sapiens	0-31
7562244-1	1995	Human prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a 33- to 34-kDa serine proteinase with extensive homology to glandular kallikrein, is a single-chain glycoprotein that contains 7% carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	170-182	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	6-37
8955145-8	1996	These data suggest that, dependent on the type of fucosyltransferase, ESL-1 is a strongly preferred target molecule for the generation of E-selectin-binding carbohydrate modifications.	Carbohydrates	157-169	Golgi apparatus protein 1	Cricetulus griseus	70-75
22569262-1	2012	Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) is a tightly controlled anaplerotic enzyme situated at a pivotal branch point of plant carbohydrate-metabolism.	Carbohydrates	126-138	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Homo sapiens	33-37
22068886-2	2012	E-selectin, an endothelial C-type lectin, binds sialofucosylated carbohydrate determinants on its pertinent ligands.	Carbohydrates	65-77	selectin E	Homo sapiens	0-10
7997264-5	1994	We show that LTP in CA1 neurons of rat hippocampal slices was reduced by application of various L1 and NCAM antibodies, recombinant L1 fragments, and upon dissociation of the L1/NCAM complex through oligomannosidic carbohydrates and NCAM peptides.	Carbohydrates	215-228	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	20-23
7527659-1	1994	A comparative analysis of carbohydrate "libraries" derived from cell lines binding E-selectin with differing avidity identified endogenous protein-associated carbohydrate ligand candidates for E-selectin.	Carbohydrates	26-38	selectin E	Homo sapiens	83-93
7527659-1	1994	A comparative analysis of carbohydrate "libraries" derived from cell lines binding E-selectin with differing avidity identified endogenous protein-associated carbohydrate ligand candidates for E-selectin.	Carbohydrates	26-38	selectin E	Homo sapiens	193-203
7527659-1	1994	A comparative analysis of carbohydrate "libraries" derived from cell lines binding E-selectin with differing avidity identified endogenous protein-associated carbohydrate ligand candidates for E-selectin.	Carbohydrates	158-170	selectin E	Homo sapiens	83-93
22020754-9	2012	Both the degradation of the cytochrome b6 f complex which occurs in C. reinhardtii upon nitrogen starvation and lower ferredoxin amounts might create a bottleneck impeding the conversion of carbohydrate reserves into hydrogen evolution.	Carbohydrates	190-202	cytochrome b	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	28-40
7734844-0	1994	Molecular dynamics simulations of oligosaccharides and their conformation in the crystal structure of lectin-carbohydrate complex: importance of the torsion angle psi for the orientation of alpha 1,6-arm.	Carbohydrates	109-121	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	190-197
7734844-6	1994	These psi values for the alpha 1,6-linkage, which are observed in the protein-carbohydrate crystal structures and are accessed in the MD simulations, though occasionally, have not been predicted from NMR studies.	Carbohydrates	78-90	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	25-34
7997853-2	1994	The expression of carbohydrates in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) was studied by double immunofluorescence flow cytometry, using MoAbs CT1 and CT2 but only a small proportion of cells bound these MoAbs.	Carbohydrates	18-31	cardiotrophin 1	Homo sapiens	139-142
21983284-3	2012	E-selectin recognizes and binds to sialylated carbohydrates present on the surface proteins of certain leukocytes.	Carbohydrates	46-59	selectin E	Homo sapiens	0-10
7930615-1	1994	Structural studies of TCR-alpha beta heterodimers would be greatly aided by the ability to produce nonchimeric, secreted material with less carbohydrate heterogeneity.	Carbohydrates	140-152	T cell receptor alpha chain	Mus musculus	22-31
7533846-16	1994	GRASP is a dimer trimer of seemingly identical subunits of M(r) approximately 55,000 ; the native protein has an M(r) x 10(-3) approximately 120-140, of which 24-27% is contributed by carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	184-196	trafficking regulator and scaffold protein tamalin	Homo sapiens	0-5
7522633-11	1994	Our data suggest that the regulation of posttranslational carbohydrate modifications of CD34 is critical in determining its capability to act as an L-selectin ligand.	Carbohydrates	58-70	CD34 antigen	Mus musculus	88-92
22267735-7	2012	These findings indicate that Gal8 specifically interacts with FV in a carbohydrate-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	70-82	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	29-33
7838147-11	1994	These studies suggest that PUFA may have significant effects on hepatic carbohydrate metabolism by inhibiting the L-PK side of the pyruvate-phosphoenolpyruvate cycle.	Carbohydrates	72-84	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	114-118
21543209-12	2012	Decrease in leptin level was higher with low-carbohydrate diet than low-fat diet.	Carbohydrates	45-57	leptin	Homo sapiens	12-18
7830897-1	1994	Amylin is a recently discovered 37 amino acid peptide which is co-secreted from the pancreas with insulin and acts to modulate carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	127-139	islet amyloid polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
22167201-9	2012	These near-planar fan-like solution structures joined at an N-terminal hub clarified how the carbohydrate-recognition domain of MBL binds to pathogenic surfaces.	Carbohydrates	93-105	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	128-131
22219330-1	2012	Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is an important protein of the innate immune system and protects the body against infection through opsonization and activation of the complement system on surfaces with an appropriate presentation of carbohydrate ligands.	Carbohydrates	229-241	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-21
8076648-3	1994	HIP protein consists in a signal peptide linked to a carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD), typical of C-type lectins without other binding domains.	Carbohydrates	53-65	regenerating family member 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	0-3
8037757-1	1994	Gene expression of GLUT4 and insulin receptor in soleus muscle of high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet fed rats was studied by measuring mRNA.	Carbohydrates	84-96	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	19-24
8055539-3	1994	An immunoblot study with periodate treatment showed that MN7 recognized a carbohydrate region of a 90 kDa protein in an extract of mouse and rat cauda epididymal spermatozoa.	Carbohydrates	74-86	HERC2 pseudogene 2	Homo sapiens	57-60
22219330-1	2012	Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is an important protein of the innate immune system and protects the body against infection through opsonization and activation of the complement system on surfaces with an appropriate presentation of carbohydrate ligands.	Carbohydrates	229-241	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	23-26
22264046-2	2012	Here, we discuss the combination of tenofovir with various other antiretrovirals (ARV) highlighting the large class of carbohydrate-binding agents (CBAs) targeting the glycans on the viral envelope gp120 for their anti-HIV activity and their favorable combinatory potential.	Carbohydrates	119-131	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	198-203
8023925-9	1994	We conclude that TNF causes a shift toward carbohydrate metabolism and stimulates the oxidation of amino acids.	Carbohydrates	43-55	tumor necrosis factor	Canis lupus familiaris	17-20
22943407-1	2012	The activity of glycogen Phosphorylase and carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes alpha-amylase, glucoamylase, trehalase, and sucrase was studied in the development of the Carniolan honey bee, Apis mellifera carnica Pollman (Hymenoptera: Apidae), from newly hatched larva to freshly emerged imago of worker and drone.	Carbohydrates	43-55	trehalase	Apis mellifera	105-114
8193143-1	1994	Structure of the complex of a pancreatic alpha-amylase with a carbohydrate inhibitor refined to 2.2-A resolution.	Carbohydrates	62-74	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	30-54
8163480-2	1994	Collectin-43 (CL-43) is a bovine serum protein that is composed of subunits of three identical chains, each of which contains a collagen region and a C-type carbohydrate recognition domain; thus, CL-43 belongs to the collectins (group III of the C-type lectins).	Carbohydrates	157-169	collectin-43	Bos taurus	0-12
8163480-4	1994	The primary sequence of CL-43 shows that it contains an N-terminal region of 28 residues, followed by a collagenous domain of 38 repeats of Gly-Xaa-Yaa and then a C-terminal section of 159 residues, containing a short "neck" region and the carbohydrate recognition domain with the conserved residues found in all C-type lectins.	Carbohydrates	240-252	collectin-43	Bos taurus	24-29
21910737-6	2012	Compared to the wild-type and the overexpressor line, the phr1 mutant has decreased levels of phosphate, anthocyanins and carbohydrates during combined P deficiency and light stress.	Carbohydrates	122-135	phosphate starvation response 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	58-62
8054718-1	1994	The glycosylation enzyme alpha 1,3 galactosyltransferase, which synthesizes the carbohydrate Gal alpha 1-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc-R, is active in non-primate mammals, prosimians and New World monkeys, but not in Old World monkeys, apes and humans.	Carbohydrates	80-92	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	25-32
8054718-1	1994	The glycosylation enzyme alpha 1,3 galactosyltransferase, which synthesizes the carbohydrate Gal alpha 1-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc-R, is active in non-primate mammals, prosimians and New World monkeys, but not in Old World monkeys, apes and humans.	Carbohydrates	80-92	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	97-104
7508745-3	1994	The adhesive function of P-selectin is mediated by its calcium-dependent (or C-type) lectin domain, which is known to bind to carbohydrate ligands including fucosyl-N-acetyllactosamine (Lex, CD15), sialyl-Lex, and 3-sulfated galactosylceramides (sulfatides).	Carbohydrates	126-138	selectin P	Homo sapiens	25-35
22957049-3	2012	We also studied the expression of liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and acyl-CoA oxidase (AOX), two enzymes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids respectively.	Carbohydrates	152-165	acyl-CoA oxidase 1	Rattus norvegicus	104-107
7512530-2	1994	A crucial stage in these events in selectin-mediated adhesion involving E-selectin expressed on activated endothelium interacting with a range of carbohydrate ligands expressed by specific subpopulations of leucocytes.	Carbohydrates	146-158	selectin E	Homo sapiens	72-82
7507965-1	1994	We have recently reported that neutrophil aggregation is dependent on both L-selectin and the beta 2-integrin Mac-1, raising the possibility that carbohydrate interactions play a role in aggregation.	Carbohydrates	146-158	selectin L	Homo sapiens	75-85
8261439-4	1994	Using an approach that has been effective in the construction of bacterial carbohydrate vaccines, we have succeeded in increasing the immunogenicity of GD3 in the mouse by conjugating the ganglioside with immunogenic carriers.	Carbohydrates	75-87	GRDX	Homo sapiens	152-155
22615566-5	2012	The structure reveals that the monomeric CCL2 adopts a beta-trefoil fold and recognizes the trisaccharide by a single, topologically novel carbohydrate-binding site.	Carbohydrates	139-151	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	41-45
7505053-3	1993	MAdCAM-1 isolated from mesenteric lymph nodes, but not from cultured endothelioma cells, bears N-glycanase-resistant sialic acid-containing carbohydrate which supports adhesion of L-selectin-transfected lymphoid cells under shear.	Carbohydrates	140-152	mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	0-8
7505053-3	1993	MAdCAM-1 isolated from mesenteric lymph nodes, but not from cultured endothelioma cells, bears N-glycanase-resistant sialic acid-containing carbohydrate which supports adhesion of L-selectin-transfected lymphoid cells under shear.	Carbohydrates	140-152	selectin L	Homo sapiens	180-190
8270029-4	1993	In extreme halophiles, the major phospholipid is the archaeol analogue of phosphatidylglycerolmethylphosphate (PGP-Me); the glycolipids are sulfated and/or unsulfated glycosyl archaeols with diverse carbohydrate structure characteristic of taxons on the generic level.	Carbohydrates	199-211	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	111-114
22615566-8	2012	The trisaccharide specifically recognized by CCL2 is a key carbohydrate determinant of pollen and insect venom allergens implying this particular glycoepitope is targeted by both fungal defence and mammalian immune systems.	Carbohydrates	59-71	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	45-49
22656375-5	2012	Genetic diseases linked to mutations in the disaccharidase genes (sucrase-isomaltase, lactase) and in sugar transporter genes (sodium/glucose cotransporter 1, glucose transporters 1 and 2) severely impact carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	205-217	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	66-84
8130390-5	1993	Lectin (carbohydrate-binding) activity was completely abolished in the mutant protein produced in the tobacco cells.	Carbohydrates	8-20	F-box protein PP2-B11-like	Nicotiana tabacum	0-6
22052782-4	2011	The covalently attached carbohydrates are presented in the major groove of the B-form duplex DNA as potential substrates for murine type II C-type lectin receptors mMGL1 and mMGL2.	Carbohydrates	24-37	C-type lectin domain family 10, member A	Mus musculus	164-169
8994970-3	1996	The structure of pig pancreatic alpha-amylase (PPA) in complex with both a carbohydrate inhibitor (acarbose) and a proteinaceous inhibitor (Tendamistat) is known, but the catalytic mechanism is poorly understood.	Carbohydrates	75-87	amylase, alpha 2A (pancreatic)	Sus scrofa	21-45
8243674-0	1993	Carbohydrate isoforms of antithrombin variant N135Q with different heparin affinities.	Carbohydrates	0-12	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	25-37
22199280-5	2011	RESULTS: Exposure to the carbohydrate increased the expression of CD86 on both dectin-1(+)CR3(-) cell lines, whereas proliferation and viability of the cells were not affected.	Carbohydrates	25-37	C-type lectin domain containing 7A	Homo sapiens	79-87
8243674-1	1993	We have changed one of the carbohydrate-bearing asparagine residues of human antithrombin to glutamine by site-directed mutagenesis and expressed the variant antithrombin, N135Q, in baby hamster kidney cells.	Carbohydrates	27-39	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	77-89
22199280-6	2011	CONCLUSION: Yeast-derived beta-glucan lacks cytotoxic effects towards B-lymphoma cells but up-regulation of CD86 suggests maturation of the cells via dectin-1 by the carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	166-178	C-type lectin domain containing 7A	Homo sapiens	150-158
8922359-2	1996	IGF-1 and insulin share common steps in signal transduction, and the action of IGF-1 on carbohydrate metabolism is preserved in certain insulin-resistant states.	Carbohydrates	88-100	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	79-84
21907768-1	2011	Intestinal alpha-glucosidase performs a physiologically vital function in the digestive process of dietary carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	107-120	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	11-28
8972736-3	1996	The authors previously described N-linked sialic acid-containing carbohydrates associated with CD2 of the CD4+ tumour cell line Jurkat which induced tumour necrosis factor (TNF) secretion by human monocytes.	Carbohydrates	65-78	CD2 molecule	Homo sapiens	95-98
9007268-0	1996	Synthesis and biological activities of three sulfated sialyl Le(x) ganglioside analogues for clarifying the real carbohydrate ligand structure of L-selectin.	Carbohydrates	113-125	selectin L	Homo sapiens	146-156
8240408-3	1993	Measurement of the activities of several important regulatory enzymes of hepatic carbohydrate metabolism showed a significant decrease in the activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glycogen phosphorylase.	Carbohydrates	81-93	glycogen phosphorylase L	Rattus norvegicus	194-216
7505840-2	1993	In retinas of normal adult rats and RPE-cell transplanted retinas of 4 month-old RCS rats, HNK-1, a marker for a carbohydrate of the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM), was detected immunocytochemically in the inner and outer plexiform layers and ganglion cell bodies and their axons.	Carbohydrates	113-125	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	133-162
7505840-2	1993	In retinas of normal adult rats and RPE-cell transplanted retinas of 4 month-old RCS rats, HNK-1, a marker for a carbohydrate of the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM), was detected immunocytochemically in the inner and outer plexiform layers and ganglion cell bodies and their axons.	Carbohydrates	113-125	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	164-169
21907768-2	2011	Administration of an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor may retard the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	92-105	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	21-38
21984789-5	2011	As Srr proteins are heavily glycosylated, we confirmed that carbohydrate moieties contribute to the effective interaction of Srr-1 with vaginal epithelial cells.	Carbohydrates	60-72	SRR1 domain containing	Mus musculus	125-130
7693873-0	1993	Human peripheral myelin protein-22 carries the L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate adhesion epitope.	Carbohydrates	56-68	peripheral myelin protein 22	Homo sapiens	6-34
7690798-6	1993	L- and E-selectin binding to high endothelial venules and to the sulfated ligands was inhibitable by the carbohydrates, fucoidan and sialyl Lewis X, respectively.	Carbohydrates	105-118	selectin E	Homo sapiens	7-17
8901515-8	1996	Although the binding of P-selectin to its carbohydrate ligand is calcium dependent, and some EGF domains have calcium binding sites, addition of calcium had no effect on the NMR spectrum or on the pH-induced changes.	Carbohydrates	42-54	selectin P	Homo sapiens	24-34
8923785-3	1996	However, P-selectin binding ability was dependent on the additional expression of a carbohydrate structure, sialyl Lewis x (sLex).	Carbohydrates	84-96	selectin P	Homo sapiens	9-19
24278581-0	2011	Four-Week Repeated Oral Toxicity Study of AIP1, a Water-soluble Carbohydrate Fraction from Artemisia iwayomogi in Mice.	Carbohydrates	64-76	membrane associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain containing 2	Mus musculus	42-46
8923785-8	1996	These findings indicate that a preferable conformation of both carbohydrate and protein structure is necessary for a functional P-selectin ligand.	Carbohydrates	63-75	selectin P ligand	Homo sapiens	128-145
7689841-0	1993	Neutrophil NCA-160 (CD66) is the major protein carrier of selectin binding carbohydrate groups LewisX and sialyl lewisX.	Carbohydrates	75-87	CEA cell adhesion molecule 6	Homo sapiens	11-14
7689841-1	1993	The neutrophil surface carbohydrate groups LewisX and sialyl LewisX have previously been shown to interact with the vascular selectins E- and P-selectin.	Carbohydrates	23-35	selectin P	Homo sapiens	142-152
7689841-3	1993	We show that these carbohydrate groups, and the structurally related Lewisa group, are all carried predominantly on a sub-population of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) related NCA-160, which is also recognised by CD66 antibodies.	Carbohydrates	19-31	CEA cell adhesion molecule 6	Homo sapiens	179-182
7689841-4	1993	We demonstrate that the related NCA-160, NCA-90/95 and CD67 all undergo an increase in surface expression in response to fMLP stimulation, and that this increase is greater than that observed for the sialyl and non-sialyl LewisX carbohydrate groups.	Carbohydrates	229-241	CEA cell adhesion molecule 6	Homo sapiens	32-35
7689841-4	1993	We demonstrate that the related NCA-160, NCA-90/95 and CD67 all undergo an increase in surface expression in response to fMLP stimulation, and that this increase is greater than that observed for the sialyl and non-sialyl LewisX carbohydrate groups.	Carbohydrates	229-241	CEA cell adhesion molecule 6	Homo sapiens	41-44
7689830-0	1993	The ELAM ligand fucosyltransferase, ELFT, directs E-selectin binding to a secreted scaffold protein: a method to produce and purify large quantities of specific carbohydrate structures.	Carbohydrates	161-173	selectin E	Homo sapiens	4-8
7689830-0	1993	The ELAM ligand fucosyltransferase, ELFT, directs E-selectin binding to a secreted scaffold protein: a method to produce and purify large quantities of specific carbohydrate structures.	Carbohydrates	161-173	selectin E	Homo sapiens	50-60
24278581-2	2011	AIP1, a water-soluble carbohydrate fraction from Artemisia iwayomogi, showed anti-tumor and immuno-modulating activities in animal studies.	Carbohydrates	22-34	membrane associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain containing 2	Mus musculus	0-4
21904758-4	2011	Depending on the ring size of the sulfated carbohydrate mimetic, its substitution pattern and its configuration, different selectivities for either L-selectin or P-selectin were obtained.	Carbohydrates	43-55	selectin L	Homo sapiens	148-158
8344202-14	1993	These results suggest the existence of activin-A in A- and D-cells of rat pancreatic islets and raise the possibility that activin-A acts as a physiological regulator of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	170-182	inhibin subunit beta A	Rattus norvegicus	123-132
7690857-6	1993	Since the carbohydrate structure reacting with HNK1 is generally expressed on adhesion molecules, this result suggests that PMP-22 may function in cell-cell or membrane-membrane interactions.	Carbohydrates	10-22	peripheral myelin protein 22	Homo sapiens	124-130
8822932-3	1996	Several studies have proposed certain carbohydrate structures, including sLex and related structures, as E-selectin ligands.	Carbohydrates	38-50	selectin E	Homo sapiens	105-115
8822932-5	1996	The unique carbohydrate phenotype of these B cell lines suggests that they may express a novel, sialylated carbohydrate structure(s) that binds to E-selectin.	Carbohydrates	11-23	selectin E	Homo sapiens	147-157
8822932-5	1996	The unique carbohydrate phenotype of these B cell lines suggests that they may express a novel, sialylated carbohydrate structure(s) that binds to E-selectin.	Carbohydrates	107-119	selectin E	Homo sapiens	147-157
21904758-4	2011	Depending on the ring size of the sulfated carbohydrate mimetic, its substitution pattern and its configuration, different selectivities for either L-selectin or P-selectin were obtained.	Carbohydrates	43-55	selectin P	Homo sapiens	162-172
8921253-9	1996	Other structural features of CHL 1 shared between members of the L1 family are a high degree of N-glycosidically linked carbohydrates (approximately 20% of its molecular mass), which include the HNK-1 carbohydrate structure, and a pattern of protein fragments comprising a major 185 kDa band and smaller fragments of 165 and 125 kDa.	Carbohydrates	120-133	cell adhesion molecule L1-like	Mus musculus	29-34
21723365-3	2011	The biological activity of PFOA and PFOS in rodents is attributed primarily to transactivation of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARA), which is an important regulator of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	222-234	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	169-174
8921253-9	1996	Other structural features of CHL 1 shared between members of the L1 family are a high degree of N-glycosidically linked carbohydrates (approximately 20% of its molecular mass), which include the HNK-1 carbohydrate structure, and a pattern of protein fragments comprising a major 185 kDa band and smaller fragments of 165 and 125 kDa.	Carbohydrates	120-132	cell adhesion molecule L1-like	Mus musculus	29-34
8921700-1	1996	Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor can suppress postprandial hyperglycemia by delaying the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, and may be useful in obese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and preserved insulin secretion.	Carbohydrates	98-111	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	0-17
8335100-4	1993	A single cation-exchange chromatography was sufficient to obtain a highly pure recombinant HPL as demonstrated by N-terminal sequencing, amino acid composition and carbohydrate analysis, as well as by mass spectrometry.	Carbohydrates	164-176	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	91-94
8100229-2	1993	This ligand has been named GlyCAM 1 (Gly-cosylation-dependent Cell Adhesion Molecule 1) because its adhesive interactions with the L selectin lectin domain require that the GlyCAM 1 polypeptide chain be appropriately modified with carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	231-244	glycosylation dependent cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	27-35
21571891-10	2011	The insulin-stimulated de novo hepatic lipogenesis in carbohydrate-fed trout reinforces the hypothesis that this pathway may act as an important sink for excess glucose, which could ultimately contribute to improved glucose homeostasis in this carnivorous and glucose-intolerant species when fed high-carbohydrate diets.	Carbohydrates	54-66	insulin	Bos taurus	4-11
7686786-9	1993	Thus, L-selectin can initiate leukocyte interactions with EC determinants potentially through recognition of endothelial carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	121-134	selectin L	Homo sapiens	6-16
7686786-14	1993	These findings also suggest that L-selectin may mediate rolling of lymphocytes that lack carbohydrate ligands for E- or P-selectin, although probably less efficiently than through bidirectional recognition.	Carbohydrates	89-101	selectin L	Homo sapiens	33-43
8663282-0	1996	Single amino acid residues in the E- and P-selectin epidermal growth factor domains can determine carbohydrate binding specificity.	Carbohydrates	98-110	selectin P	Homo sapiens	41-51
21571891-10	2011	The insulin-stimulated de novo hepatic lipogenesis in carbohydrate-fed trout reinforces the hypothesis that this pathway may act as an important sink for excess glucose, which could ultimately contribute to improved glucose homeostasis in this carnivorous and glucose-intolerant species when fed high-carbohydrate diets.	Carbohydrates	301-313	insulin	Bos taurus	4-11
8325979-2	1993	To determine whether insulin per se or insulin-induced stimulation of carbohydrate metabolism is the main excitatory stimulus, we performed, in six healthy lean subjects, simultaneous microneurographic recordings of muscle sympathetic nerve activity, plethysmographic measurements of calf blood flow, and calorimetric determinations of carbohydrate oxidation rate.	Carbohydrates	70-82	insulin	Bos taurus	39-46
21799982-1	2011	Described is a convenient method for the syntheses of sulfur and selenium containing carbohydrate derivatives of L-gulodeoxynojirimycin and the corresponding C-5 epimer D-mannodeoxynojirimycin.	Carbohydrates	85-97	complement C5	Homo sapiens	158-161
8509413-0	1993	Carbohydrate regulation of the rat L-type pyruvate kinase gene requires two nuclear factors: LF-A1 and a member of the c-myc family.	Carbohydrates	0-12	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	35-57
8509413-0	1993	Carbohydrate regulation of the rat L-type pyruvate kinase gene requires two nuclear factors: LF-A1 and a member of the c-myc family.	Carbohydrates	0-12	integrin subunit alpha L	Rattus norvegicus	93-98
8509413-1	1993	Transcription of the L-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK) gene is induced in response to increased carbohydrate metabolism in the liver.	Carbohydrates	92-104	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	21-43
8509413-1	1993	Transcription of the L-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK) gene is induced in response to increased carbohydrate metabolism in the liver.	Carbohydrates	92-104	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	45-49
8509413-13	1993	Thus, the factor that recognizes the PK MLTF-like site and participates in mediating the carbohydrate response of the L-PK gene appears to be a member of the c-myc family distinct from MLTF.	Carbohydrates	89-101	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	118-122
8770896-2	1996	As an approach to define the role that glycosylation of the E domain serves in the processing, secretion, and biological activities of IGF-II and to identify the sites of endoproteolytic processing, we constructed a mutant that encodes carbohydrate-free prepro-IGF-II.	Carbohydrates	236-248	insulin-like growth factor 2	Mus musculus	135-141
8770896-2	1996	As an approach to define the role that glycosylation of the E domain serves in the processing, secretion, and biological activities of IGF-II and to identify the sites of endoproteolytic processing, we constructed a mutant that encodes carbohydrate-free prepro-IGF-II.	Carbohydrates	236-248	insulin-like growth factor 2	Mus musculus	261-267
8496593-0	1993	HB4 antibody recognizes a carbohydrate structure on lymphocyte surface proteins related to HB6, CDw75, and CD76 antigens.	Carbohydrates	26-38	keratin 84	Homo sapiens	0-3
21825173-2	2011	We hypothesized that NK cells expanded in response to pathogens will be marked by expression of CD57, a carbohydrate antigen expressed on highly mature cells within the CD56(dim)CD16(+) NK cell compartment.	Carbohydrates	104-116	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	169-173
8496593-0	1993	HB4 antibody recognizes a carbohydrate structure on lymphocyte surface proteins related to HB6, CDw75, and CD76 antigens.	Carbohydrates	26-38	keratin 86	Homo sapiens	91-94
7684905-1	1993	L-selectin is a cell adhesion molecule that mediates homing of lymphocytes to the peripheral lymph nodes and is speculated to bind to the carbohydrate determinant which is specifically expressed by the endothelial cells of high endothelial venules (HEVs) in the peripheral lymph nodes.	Carbohydrates	138-150	selectin L	Homo sapiens	0-10
7684905-6	1993	These results indicate that the carbohydrate antigens defined by the 2H5 antibody, most probably sialyl LeX determinants having complex carbohydrate structures, serve as the ligand for L-selectin on HEV endothelial cells.	Carbohydrates	32-44	selectin L	Homo sapiens	185-195
7684905-6	1993	These results indicate that the carbohydrate antigens defined by the 2H5 antibody, most probably sialyl LeX determinants having complex carbohydrate structures, serve as the ligand for L-selectin on HEV endothelial cells.	Carbohydrates	136-148	selectin L	Homo sapiens	185-195
8864835-6	1996	The cloned STs are classified into four families according to the carbohydrate linkages they synthesize, i.e. the ST3Gal-, ST6Gal-, ST6GalNAc-, and ST8Sia-families.	Carbohydrates	66-78	ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 2	Mus musculus	132-141
21600947-2	2011	Thereby, GDH plays a pivotal role between carbohydrate and protein metabolisms, controlling production and consumption of the messenger molecule glutamate in neuroendocrine cells.	Carbohydrates	42-54	glutamate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	9-12
8679667-1	1996	Glycosylated human plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), produced in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, showed a variety of compounds with different molecular weights when subjected to electrospray mass spectrometry (ES-MS), owing to the heterogeneity of the carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	269-281	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	19-57
8679667-1	1996	Glycosylated human plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), produced in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, showed a variety of compounds with different molecular weights when subjected to electrospray mass spectrometry (ES-MS), owing to the heterogeneity of the carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	269-281	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	59-64
8486682-0	1993	Purification and characterization of a bovine serum lectin (CL-43) with structural homology to conglutinin and SP-D and carbohydrate specificity similar to mannan-binding protein.	Carbohydrates	120-132	collectin-43	Bos taurus	60-65
8486682-12	1993	An inhibition assay with biotinylated CL-43, using solid-phase mannan as ligand, revealed the following carbohydrate inhibition pattern: mannose and ManNAc &gt; fucose &gt; GlcNAc &gt; glucose and maltose &gt; galactose &gt; lactose &gt;&gt; GalNAc.	Carbohydrates	104-116	collectin-43	Bos taurus	38-43
8489134-8	1993	Neuropeptide Y increases carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	25-37	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	0-14
21519806-1	2011	PURPOSE: We studied whether HSP90alpha was associated with the special carbohydrate structures IMH-2 epitopes, and investigated its mRNA expression and clinical relevance in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.	Carbohydrates	71-83	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	28-38
7679675-0	1993	P- and E-selectin use common sites for carbohydrate ligand recognition and cell adhesion.	Carbohydrates	39-51	selectin E	Homo sapiens	7-17
7679675-2	1993	Previous work has implicated the carbohydrate sialyl Lewis(x) (sLe(x); sialic acid alpha 2-3 galactose beta 1-4 [Fucose alpha 1-3] N-acetyl glucosamine) as a component of the ligand recognized by E- and P-selectin.	Carbohydrates	33-45	selectin P	Homo sapiens	203-213
7679675-4	1993	We have recently defined a region of the E-selectin lectin domain that appears to be directly involved with carbohydrate recognition and cell adhesion (Erbe, D. V., B.	Carbohydrates	108-120	selectin E	Homo sapiens	41-51
7679675-10	1993	Here we describe a similar analysis of the P-selectin lectin domain which demonstrates that a homologous region of this glycoprotein"s lectin motif is involved with carbohydrate recognition and cell binding.	Carbohydrates	165-177	selectin P	Homo sapiens	43-53
8647865-8	1996	We have also shown that both the O-GlcNAc and biotin hydrazide-reactive carbohydrate moieties are located on the projection domain of MAP2.	Carbohydrates	72-84	microtubule-associated protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	134-138
8623915-2	1996	It reacts with antibodies against placental protein 14, or progesterone-associated endometrial protein, and has a unique carbohydrate structure.	Carbohydrates	121-133	progestagen associated endometrial protein	Homo sapiens	34-54
7679675-12	1993	These results suggest that a common region of the E- and P-selectin lectin domains appears to mediate carbohydrate recognition and cell adhesion.	Carbohydrates	102-114	selectin P	Homo sapiens	57-67
21711570-1	2011	BACKGROUND: alpha-glucosidase inhibitors regulate postprandial hyperglycemia (PPHG) by impeding the rate of carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine and thereby hampering the diet associated acute glucose excursion.	Carbohydrates	108-120	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	12-29
8424803-14	1993	Therefore, if the name FAP is reserved for molecules bearing the J28 epitope, which is linked to a carbohydrate-dependent structure.	Carbohydrates	99-111	carboxyl ester lipase	Homo sapiens	23-26
8609406-11	1996	Collectively, this study indicates that a CD15 (Lewis x)-associated carbohydrate structure(s), which has previously been shown to be a selectin ligand, also may function as an important CD2 ligand on myeloid cells.	Carbohydrates	68-80	CD2 molecule	Homo sapiens	186-189
21371091-3	2011	When an MBL complex binds to carbohydrates of pathogens, the complement system is activated via the lectin pathway.	Carbohydrates	29-42	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	8-11
8848346-14	1996	These AT III isoforms differ in their carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	38-50	antithrombin-III	Ovis aries	6-12
8640770-1	1996	ABL 364 is a murine monoclonal IgG3 antibody directed against the Lewis Y carbohydrate antigen (Le(y)) expressed on the surface of many epithelial cell tumors.	Carbohydrates	74-86	immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 3 (G3m marker)	Homo sapiens	31-35
8452046-5	1993	Overnight carbohydrate oxidation (averaging 2.85 +/- 0.8 g h-1) was assumed to be derived primarily from hepatic glycogen since subjects were inactive or asleep, and since glucose oxidized after gluconeogenesis from protein is measured as protein oxidation.	Carbohydrates	10-22	H1.5 linker histone, cluster member	Homo sapiens	59-62
8221149-5	1993	NPY increases carbohydrate intake and growth hormone releasing hormone decreases protein intake.	Carbohydrates	14-26	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	0-3
21489583-8	2011	Thus, KSA-2 appears to recognize the extended carbohydrate structure with a minimal length of a tetrasaccharide, Man(alpha1-3)Man(alpha1-6)Man(beta1-4)GlcNAc.	Carbohydrates	46-58	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	117-125
8416729-14	1993	(4) Serum levels of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) were not elevated in patients with pancreatic cancer with the Sele and sele genotypes but were elevated in most patients with SeLe and seLe genotypes.	Carbohydrates	20-32	selectin E	Homo sapiens	182-186
8416729-14	1993	(4) Serum levels of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) were not elevated in patients with pancreatic cancer with the Sele and sele genotypes but were elevated in most patients with SeLe and seLe genotypes.	Carbohydrates	20-32	selectin E	Homo sapiens	191-195
21489583-8	2011	Thus, KSA-2 appears to recognize the extended carbohydrate structure with a minimal length of a tetrasaccharide, Man(alpha1-3)Man(alpha1-6)Man(beta1-4)GlcNAc.	Carbohydrates	46-58	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	130-138
8164454-1	1993	L-selectin expression mediated cell adhesion revealed by immobilized analogue carbohydrates in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and monoclonal lymphocytosis of undetermined significance.	Carbohydrates	78-91	selectin L	Homo sapiens	0-10
8676335-0	1996	Carbohydrates in an acidic multivalent assembly: nanomolar P-selectin inhibitors.	Carbohydrates	0-13	selectin P	Homo sapiens	59-69
21538147-1	2011	Inhibition of alpha-glucosidase and pancreatic alpha-amylase is one of the therapeutic approaches for delaying carbohydrate digestion, resulting in reduced postprandial glucose.	Carbohydrates	111-123	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	14-31
1281614-5	1992	The two other members of the selectin family (E- and P-selectin) recognize sialyl-Lewis x and -Lewis a (sLex and sLea, respectively) carbohydrate motifs, and there is preliminary data suggesting that this would also be the case for L-selectin.	Carbohydrates	133-145	selectin P	Homo sapiens	53-63
1281614-5	1992	The two other members of the selectin family (E- and P-selectin) recognize sialyl-Lewis x and -Lewis a (sLex and sLea, respectively) carbohydrate motifs, and there is preliminary data suggesting that this would also be the case for L-selectin.	Carbohydrates	133-145	selectin L	Homo sapiens	232-242
21538147-1	2011	Inhibition of alpha-glucosidase and pancreatic alpha-amylase is one of the therapeutic approaches for delaying carbohydrate digestion, resulting in reduced postprandial glucose.	Carbohydrates	111-123	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	36-60
8660298-9	1996	This motif is localized close to the putative carbohydrate-binding domain of L-selectin and may be a second site within the lectin domain for the interaction of leucocyte L-selectin with its natural endothelial ligands.	Carbohydrates	46-58	selectin L	Homo sapiens	77-87
8660298-9	1996	This motif is localized close to the putative carbohydrate-binding domain of L-selectin and may be a second site within the lectin domain for the interaction of leucocyte L-selectin with its natural endothelial ligands.	Carbohydrates	46-58	selectin L	Homo sapiens	171-181
21300977-4	2011	In the present study, we report that EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid B-cell lines (LCLs) and primary PTLDs overexpress galectin-1 (Gal1), a carbohydrate-binding lectin that induces tolerogenic dendritic cells and triggers the selective apoptosis of CD4(+) Th1 and Th17 cells and cytotoxic T cells.	Carbohydrates	139-151	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	118-128
1282933-3	1992	Binding of gp120 to MAG was inhibited by the HNK-1 antibody, which recognizes a sulfated glucuronic acid epitope, suggesting that the interaction involves carbohydrate determinants.	Carbohydrates	155-167	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	11-16
8547340-0	1996	Relationship between kinetic properties of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and the structure of its saccharide moiety.	Carbohydrates	98-108	gamma-glutamyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-72
21300977-4	2011	In the present study, we report that EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid B-cell lines (LCLs) and primary PTLDs overexpress galectin-1 (Gal1), a carbohydrate-binding lectin that induces tolerogenic dendritic cells and triggers the selective apoptosis of CD4(+) Th1 and Th17 cells and cytotoxic T cells.	Carbohydrates	139-151	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	130-134
8547340-1	1996	Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (EC 2.3.2.2; GGT) is a plasma-membrane bound glycoenzyme, the saccharide moiety of which is rather heterogeneous and organ specific.	Carbohydrates	92-102	gamma-glutamyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-29
1384548-8	1992	Carbohydrate analysis of the two heavy chains isolated by ion-exchange chromatography suggests the presence of complex-type N-glycans in both H1 and H2 and that of O-glycans in H2.	Carbohydrates	0-12	H1.5 linker histone, cluster member	Homo sapiens	142-151
21533122-9	2011	We propose that CD20(+)CD5(+)sIgM(+) lymphocytes producing anti-carbohydrate antibodies with anti-tumor activity, might contribute to the response to imatinib treatment.	Carbohydrates	64-76	CD5 molecule	Homo sapiens	23-26
21384882-3	2011	In a second step, we demonstrate that the presence of functional amine groups in the outer shell of apoferritin allows functionalization with two carbohydrates, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and d-mannose.	Carbohydrates	146-159	ferritin heavy chain 1	Homo sapiens	100-111
1382077-0	1992	Identification of an E-selectin region critical for carbohydrate recognition and cell adhesion.	Carbohydrates	52-64	selectin E	Homo sapiens	21-31
1382077-1	1992	E-selectin elicits cell adhesion by binding to the cell surface carbohydrate, sialyl Lewis X (sLe(x)).	Carbohydrates	64-76	selectin E	Homo sapiens	0-10
8747511-1	1995	Sialyl-Lewisa antigen (SLe(a)), the immune determinant of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), is the ligand of E-selectin.	Carbohydrates	58-70	selectin E	Homo sapiens	112-122
7592904-6	1995	These combined data strongly suggest that the N-terminal anionic/sulfated tyrosine motif of PSGL-1 as well as downstream sialylated carbohydrate is essential for binding of P-selectin by neutrophils.	Carbohydrates	132-144	selectin P	Homo sapiens	173-183
7595054-8	1995	The same saccharides that disrupt CD87/CR3 coupling (NADG, D-mannose, and mannoside) inhibit PMN chemotaxis.	Carbohydrates	9-20	plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor	Homo sapiens	34-38
21609284-0	2011	Associations of the SREBP-1c gene polymorphism with gender-specific changes in serum lipids induced by a high-carbohydrate diet in healthy Chinese youth.	Carbohydrates	110-122	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	20-28
1417729-12	1992	Whereas amino acid and carbohydrate analysis revealed that nf-FBP (M(r) 51,400) and f-FBP (M(r) 39,200) were distinct glycoproteins with 8 and 13% carbohydrate respectively, isoelectric focusing and immunological studies suggested some structural identity.	Carbohydrates	147-159	folate receptor beta	Homo sapiens	62-65
1417729-12	1992	Whereas amino acid and carbohydrate analysis revealed that nf-FBP (M(r) 51,400) and f-FBP (M(r) 39,200) were distinct glycoproteins with 8 and 13% carbohydrate respectively, isoelectric focusing and immunological studies suggested some structural identity.	Carbohydrates	147-159	folate receptor beta	Homo sapiens	86-89
1520296-3	1992	Transfection of the FucT-VI gene into mammalian cells confers alpha-1,3 fucosyltransferase activity to the cells, resulting in cell surface expression of Lewis x and sialyl-Lewis x carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	181-194	fucosyltransferase 6	Homo sapiens	20-27
7545541-1	1995	E-, P-, and L-selectin support the adhesion of leukocytes to the vessel wall through the recognition of specific carbohydrate ligands, which often contain sialylated, fucosylated lactosamines such as sialyl Lewis x [sLex; Neu5Ac alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4(Fuc alpha 1-3)GlcNAc-].	Carbohydrates	113-125	selectin L	Homo sapiens	12-22
21300843-4	2011	We hypothesized that aberrant carbohydrate metabolism in GDM was associated with changes in glycosylation of GdA, leading to defective immunomodulatory activities.	Carbohydrates	30-42	progestagen associated endometrial protein	Homo sapiens	109-112
1431591-6	1992	In addition, as the synthetic apoC-III1-79 lacks the carbohydrate moiety, we also concluded that the presence of the oligosaccharide in native apoC-III is not essential for its inhibitory activity on LPL.	Carbohydrates	53-65	apolipoprotein C3	Homo sapiens	30-38
21224338-8	2011	Since the lectin-histone interaction was shown to be carbohydrate dependent, it is proposed that Nictaba might fulfill a signaling role in response to stress by interacting with O-GlcNAcylated proteins in the plant cell nucleus.	Carbohydrates	53-65	F-box protein PP2-B11-like	Nicotiana tabacum	10-16
1376638-7	1992	These results thus define a tissue-specific mucin-like endothelial glycoprotein that appears to function as a scaffold that presents carbohydrates to the L-selectin lectin domain.	Carbohydrates	133-146	selectin L	Homo sapiens	154-164
1599915-13	1992	Both direct ELISAs on various solid-phase synthetic carbohydrate antigens and hapten inhibition experiments confirmed the TF alpha hapten specificity of the antibodies.	Carbohydrates	52-64	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	122-130
1312106-4	1992	Terminal sialic acid residues were removed by neuraminidase treatment from the carbohydrate side chains of the heavily glycosylated gp120.	Carbohydrates	79-91	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	132-137
7665621-5	1995	This factor, as well as the factor hepatic nuclear factor-4, are both capable of binding to the L-PK gene to enhance its carbohydrate regulation.	Carbohydrates	121-133	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	96-100
7669754-1	1995	The conformation and thermodynamic stability of the four polymeric carbohydrate-specific bacterial recognition proteins K88ab, AFA-1, NFA-1, and CFA-1 and their monomeric subunits that can be obtained by variation of pH were studied by infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning microcalorimetry.	Carbohydrates	67-79	AFA1	Homo sapiens	127-132
7669754-1	1995	The conformation and thermodynamic stability of the four polymeric carbohydrate-specific bacterial recognition proteins K88ab, AFA-1, NFA-1, and CFA-1 and their monomeric subunits that can be obtained by variation of pH were studied by infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning microcalorimetry.	Carbohydrates	67-79	POU class 2 homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	134-139
21091438-1	2011	Gal (galectin)-8 is a tandem-repeat Gal containing N-CRDs (Nterminal carbohydrate-recognition domains) and C-CRDs (C-terminal carbohydrate-recognition domains) with differential glycan-binding specificity fused by a linker peptide.	Carbohydrates	69-81	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	0-16
7589107-3	1995	While homology of CD94 with the NK cell-associated NKR-P1 and NKG2 C-type lectin genes is limited to the structural motifs conserved in the carbohydrate recognition domain, all of these genes are on human chromosome 12, the syntenic of mouse chromosome 6, where genes of the NK complex (NKR-P1 and Ly-49) are located.	Carbohydrates	140-152	killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B member 1C	Mus musculus	51-57
8555996-7	1995	The fine structure of the carbohydrate epitopes has been chemically defined by [1H] NMR, GC/MS of alditol acetates of partially permethylated compounds, -FAB/MS, degradation with exoglycosidases and inhibition with different methyl-glycosides and oligosaccharides.	Carbohydrates	26-38	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	154-157
1371572-0	1992	Endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1-dependent adhesion of colon carcinoma cells to vascular endothelium is inhibited by an antibody to Lewis fucosylated type I carbohydrate chain.	Carbohydrates	166-178	selectin E	Homo sapiens	0-41
1381598-5	1992	The neural cell adhesion molecule, NCAM, is probably the best described CAM, and this molecule exhibits special carbohydrate characteristics, e.g. NCAM is polysialylated.	Carbohydrates	112-124	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	147-151
21091438-1	2011	Gal (galectin)-8 is a tandem-repeat Gal containing N-CRDs (Nterminal carbohydrate-recognition domains) and C-CRDs (C-terminal carbohydrate-recognition domains) with differential glycan-binding specificity fused by a linker peptide.	Carbohydrates	126-138	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	0-16
7543165-4	1995	Finally, we investigated the contribution of carbohydrate antigens to endothelial E-selectin binding in colon and pancreatic cancer cells, and the results indicated that SLA might play a significant role in this binding.	Carbohydrates	45-57	selectin E	Homo sapiens	82-92
7543165-5	1995	These findings suggest that the expression of carbohydrate antigens on the surface of cancer cells obviously contributed to E-selectin binding and also to metastatic potential.	Carbohydrates	46-58	selectin E	Homo sapiens	124-134
7543167-6	1995	Soluble E-selectin-carbohydrate complex was also detected in the sera of patients, and the frequency was especially high in Le(a) HIGH E-selectinHIGH patients.	Carbohydrates	19-31	selectin E	Homo sapiens	8-18
1611619-8	1992	However, the immunoactivity of COX-1 was not affected upon incubation with carbohydrate-digestive enzymes or concanavalin A and only partially inactivated in the presence of NaIO4 or iodoacetamide.	Carbohydrates	75-87	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I	Homo sapiens	31-36
21192937-4	2011	Hypoxia caused reduced binding of the glucose responsive MondoA:Mlx transcription factor to the carbohydrate response elements (ChoREs) in the Txnip promoter.	Carbohydrates	96-108	MAX dimerization protein MLX	Homo sapiens	64-67
21095135-1	2011	The aim of our study was twofold, firstly to examine the relationship between plasma concentrations of IL-6, hepcidin and iron following prolonged exercise and secondly, to assess the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on circulating hepcidin concentration post-exercise.	Carbohydrates	194-206	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	232-240
1280573-2	1992	The alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose, should be taken with meals that are rich in complex carbohydrates and low in simple sugars, as recommended by diabetes associations, to achieve the greatest possible benefit from treatment.	Carbohydrates	95-108	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	4-21
1280574-6	1992	alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors, a new class of drugs that delay carbohydrate digestion and absorption, reduce postprandial glycaemic rises by about 3 mmol/L.	Carbohydrates	62-74	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	0-17
7797502-1	1995	Carbohydrate binding to peptide: N-glycanase from mouse fibroblast L-929 cells (L-929 PNGase) and inhibition by oligosaccharides of its catalytic activity were studied.	Carbohydrates	0-12	N-glycanase 1	Homo sapiens	86-92
7797502-11	1995	Interestingly, alkylation of -SH group in L-929 PNGase caused complete loss of the catalytic activity, but the carbohydrate binding activity was completely retained, indicating that the catalytic site(s) is discriminated from the carbohydrate-binding sites in the active site of this enzyme.	Carbohydrates	230-242	N-glycanase 1	Homo sapiens	48-54
21364973-4	2011	Annotation of BMAL1 targets confirms carbohydrate and lipid metabolism as the major output of the circadian clock in mouse liver.	Carbohydrates	37-49	aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like	Mus musculus	14-19
7538130-5	1995	A major portion of the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains released from these HSPGs by alkaline beta-elimination rebinds to L-selectin in the presence of calcium, indicating that these saccharides alone can mediate the high affinity recognition.	Carbohydrates	181-192	selectin L	Homo sapiens	120-130
7538131-1	1995	L-selectin, the leukocyte selectin, mediates the carbohydrate-dependent attachment of circulating leukocytes to endothelium, preceding emigration into tissues.	Carbohydrates	49-61	selectin L	Homo sapiens	0-10
7587923-0	1995	An alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, AO-128, retards carbohydrate absorption in rats and humans.	Carbohydrates	48-60	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	3-20
1473524-1	1992	Amylin has been reported to influence carbohydrate metabolism in rats, dogs and cats.	Carbohydrates	38-50	islet amyloid polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
12297629-1	1992	The two genes encoding sucrose synthase in maize (Sh1 and Sus1) show markedly different responses to changes in tissue carbohydrate status.	Carbohydrates	119-131	sucrose synthase 1	Zea mays	50-53
12297629-4	1992	The Sh1 mRNA was maximally expressed under conditions of limited carbohydrate supply (~0.2% glucose).	Carbohydrates	65-77	sucrose synthase 1	Zea mays	4-7
21209661-9	2011	As interactions between oxygen atoms at positions C1 and C2 (O1 and O2, respectively) on the pyranose ring can alter the exo/endo ratio of a carbohydrate, our results suggest that it will be important to re-evaluate the influence, and biological effects, of substituents at position C2 in sugars.	Carbohydrates	141-153	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C	Homo sapiens	50-70
1721057-4	1991	When previously fasted mice were refed a high carbohydrate, fat-free diet, the liver mRNA level for p90 was increased about 20-fold at 8 h. Administration of dibutyryl cAMP at the time of refeeding prevented the increase in the p90 mRNA by 70%.	Carbohydrates	46-58	glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	100-103
1743288-0	1991	Mechanism of maturation and nature of carbohydrate chains of boar sperm acrosin.	Carbohydrates	38-50	acrosin	Homo sapiens	72-79
22101375-1	2011	A high-carbohydrate low-fat (HC/LF) diet and lipoprotein lipase gene (LPL) Ser447Stop and Hind III polymorphisms have separately been found to be associated with triacylglycerol (TG) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C).	Carbohydrates	7-19	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	70-73
1743288-6	1991	Two carbohydrate chains were evidenced on the acrosin molecule.	Carbohydrates	4-16	acrosin	Homo sapiens	46-53
1743288-8	1991	By contrast, the carbohydrate chain linked to the acrosin heavy chain could be cleaved only after acrosin denaturation.	Carbohydrates	17-29	acrosin	Homo sapiens	50-57
1743288-8	1991	By contrast, the carbohydrate chain linked to the acrosin heavy chain could be cleaved only after acrosin denaturation.	Carbohydrates	17-29	acrosin	Homo sapiens	98-105
1743288-9	1991	Based on the susceptibility of acrosin to endoglycosidases F and H, a biantennary structure of both carbohydrate chains is proposed.	Carbohydrates	100-112	acrosin	Homo sapiens	31-38
7539623-4	1995	Sulphated, sialylated saccharide(s) were implicated as ligand(s) for P-selectin for all leucocytes, but L-selectin (borne by neutrophils and lymphocytes, but not HL60 cells) appears to be a major presenter of ligand for neutrophils alone.	Carbohydrates	22-32	selectin P	Homo sapiens	69-79
7836409-15	1995	These results indicate that carbohydrate-responsive sequences are located within -322 base pairs of the mGPAT promoter.	Carbohydrates	28-40	glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	104-109
21717410-0	2011	The role of leptin in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	40-52	leptin	Mus musculus	12-18
7529666-0	1995	Adhesion of carcinoma cells to rat hepatocytes and rat fibronectin is inhibited by the OPAR monoclonal antibody, which is directed against a rat liver-specific carbohydrate epitope.	Carbohydrates	160-172	fibronectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	55-66
9371974-2	1995	Similar to two other members of the selectin family, L-selectin behaves as a lectin, recognizing carbohydrate ligands in a calcium-dependent fashion.	Carbohydrates	97-109	selectin L	Homo sapiens	53-63
1794981-10	1991	R-lamp-2 contained 52.3% carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	25-38	lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	2-8
21697636-1	2011	The intestinal expression of genes involved in carbohydrate digestion and absorption, such as sucrase-isomaltase (SI) and sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter (SGLT1), is higher in rodents fed a high-starch/low-fat (HS) diet than in those fed a low-starch/high-fat (LS) diet.	Carbohydrates	47-59	sucrase-isomaltase	Rattus norvegicus	94-112
1936264-0	1991	8-37h-CGRP antagonizes actions of amylin on carbohydrate metabolism in vitro and in vivo.	Carbohydrates	44-56	islet amyloid polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	34-40
7551253-3	1995	Our studies on ASI formulations based on carbohydrate structures such as TF and STn have demonstrated their ability to induce immune response relevant to the native epitopes on the cancer cells in animal models and in cancer patients.	Carbohydrates	41-53	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 2	Homo sapiens	80-83
7527659-1	1994	A comparative analysis of carbohydrate "libraries" derived from cell lines binding E-selectin with differing avidity identified endogenous protein-associated carbohydrate ligand candidates for E-selectin.	Carbohydrates	158-170	selectin E	Homo sapiens	193-203
7527659-2	1994	Three unusual structures, which constitute less than 3% of cell surface protein-associated carbohydrate, were unique to the E-selectin-binding cells, including neutrophils and the monocytic cell line U937.	Carbohydrates	91-103	selectin E	Homo sapiens	124-134
7527659-6	1994	We found that these three carbohydrate structures bound specifically to the E-selectin column.	Carbohydrates	26-38	selectin E	Homo sapiens	76-86
7527659-9	1994	These carbohydrate structures appear to be present on only a very small number of cell surface proteins and may alone be responsible for the specificity of E-selectin-dependent adhesion.	Carbohydrates	6-18	selectin E	Homo sapiens	156-166
1833982-0	1991	Basal and insulin-mediated carbohydrate metabolism in human muscle deficient in phosphofructokinase 1.	Carbohydrates	27-39	phosphofructokinase, muscle	Homo sapiens	80-101
21697636-1	2011	The intestinal expression of genes involved in carbohydrate digestion and absorption, such as sucrase-isomaltase (SI) and sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter (SGLT1), is higher in rodents fed a high-starch/low-fat (HS) diet than in those fed a low-starch/high-fat (LS) diet.	Carbohydrates	47-59	solute carrier family 5 member 11	Rattus norvegicus	122-160
21769785-10	2011	CONCLUSIONS: The CIMT value in young males is independently related both with birthweight and disturbances of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	110-122	CIMT	Homo sapiens	17-21
1681802-4	1991	Comparison of the levels of Glut 4 and lipogenic-enzyme expression in 15-day-old suckling and 30-day-old weaned rats on a high-carbohydrate diet shows a marked increase in the latter group.	Carbohydrates	127-139	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	28-34
1717254-2	1991	Site-directed mutagenesis has now been used to create novel carbohydrate addition sequences in the CDR2 of a non-glycosylated anti-dextran at Asn54 (TST2) and Asn60 (TSU7).	Carbohydrates	60-72	TST2	Homo sapiens	149-153
7876332-3	1994	Sulfate on gp300 is resistant to hot 1N HCl, but sensitive to alkaline hydrolysis, demonstrating that the sulfate is carbohydrate-linked rather than tyrosine-linked.	Carbohydrates	117-129	deleted in malignant brain tumors 1	Mus musculus	11-16
7962050-8	1994	Carbohydrate analysis of the invertase-Wbp1 fusion protein using mannose linkage-specific antiserum demonstrated that the fusion protein was efficiently modified by the early Golgi initial alpha 1,6 mannosyltransferase (Och1p).	Carbohydrates	0-12	dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide-protein glycotransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	39-43
7962050-8	1994	Carbohydrate analysis of the invertase-Wbp1 fusion protein using mannose linkage-specific antiserum demonstrated that the fusion protein was efficiently modified by the early Golgi initial alpha 1,6 mannosyltransferase (Och1p).	Carbohydrates	0-12	initiation-specific alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	220-225
1721552-8	1991	Together these studies suggested that HBp2 is reactive with carbohydrate epitopes present on the LOS A.	Carbohydrates	60-72	BBX high mobility group box domain containing	Homo sapiens	38-42
21785257-1	2011	In IgM paraproteinemia and peripheral neuropathy, IgM M-protein secretion by B cells leads to a T helper cell response, suggesting that it is antibody-mediated autoimmune disease involving carbohydrate epitopes in myelin sheaths.	Carbohydrates	189-201	myomesin 2	Homo sapiens	54-63
1744216-11	1991	Both monoclonals were found to contain carbohydrate in their Fab" regions through which coupling may have occurred.	Carbohydrates	39-51	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	61-64
7525817-7	1994	These results indicated that the adhesion of activated platelets to the leukocytes through the interaction between P-selectin and its carbohydrate ligand, sialyl Lewis X (LeX), was a crucial step for the activation of leukocyte function and supported the notion that activated platelets were actively involved in the inflammatory processes.	Carbohydrates	134-146	selectin P	Homo sapiens	115-125
1744216-12	1991	The frequency of carbohydrate in the Fab region and the ability to control glycosylation at these sites are factors which may impact the utility of carbohydrate-directed immobilization of antibodies.	Carbohydrates	17-29	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	37-40
20887383-1	2011	Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a circulating pattern-recognition molecule involved in the innate immune system that mediates phagocytosis and activates complement by binding to carbohydrate motifs.	Carbohydrates	178-190	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-22
1744216-12	1991	The frequency of carbohydrate in the Fab region and the ability to control glycosylation at these sites are factors which may impact the utility of carbohydrate-directed immobilization of antibodies.	Carbohydrates	148-160	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	37-40
1872855-0	1991	Initial characterization of the carbohydrate structure of MCP-1.	Carbohydrates	32-44	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	58-63
7535137-4	1994	Furthermore, L-929 PNGase was revealed to bind to the glycan moiety of yeast mannan by using mannan-conjugated Sepharose 4B gel as a ligand, suggesting that L-929 PNGase could serve not only as an enzyme but also as a carbohydrate recognition protein in vivo.	Carbohydrates	218-230	N-glycanase 1	Homo sapiens	19-25
7535137-4	1994	Furthermore, L-929 PNGase was revealed to bind to the glycan moiety of yeast mannan by using mannan-conjugated Sepharose 4B gel as a ligand, suggesting that L-929 PNGase could serve not only as an enzyme but also as a carbohydrate recognition protein in vivo.	Carbohydrates	218-230	N-glycanase 1	Homo sapiens	163-169
20887383-1	2011	Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a circulating pattern-recognition molecule involved in the innate immune system that mediates phagocytosis and activates complement by binding to carbohydrate motifs.	Carbohydrates	178-190	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	24-27
1713515-6	1991	LECAM-1 and ELAM-1 are likely to interact with other ligands as well, perhaps through carbohydrate determinants that modify more than one glycoprotein.	Carbohydrates	86-98	selectin L	Homo sapiens	0-7
8001624-4	1994	Therefore, the mechanism of alpha-glucosidase inhibition represents the pharmacological optimization of the dietary principle of delayed carbohydrate absorption.	Carbohydrates	137-149	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	28-45
1713515-6	1991	LECAM-1 and ELAM-1 are likely to interact with other ligands as well, perhaps through carbohydrate determinants that modify more than one glycoprotein.	Carbohydrates	86-98	selectin E	Homo sapiens	12-18
21112995-9	2010	Moreover, the fact that a longer exposure to insulin resulted in a reduced response indicates that the rainbow trout is sensitive to insulin, re-enforcing the hypothesis that the hyperglycemia observed following a high carbohydrate meal is an insulin secretion issue rather an insulin action issue.	Carbohydrates	219-231	insulin	Bos taurus	45-52
1895362-5	1991	When possible, carbohydrate should be ingested during exercise, generally in the form of solutions containing glucose/sucrose/maltodextrins, at a rate of 30-60 g h-1.	Carbohydrates	15-27	H1.5 linker histone, cluster member	Homo sapiens	162-165
21112995-9	2010	Moreover, the fact that a longer exposure to insulin resulted in a reduced response indicates that the rainbow trout is sensitive to insulin, re-enforcing the hypothesis that the hyperglycemia observed following a high carbohydrate meal is an insulin secretion issue rather an insulin action issue.	Carbohydrates	219-231	insulin	Bos taurus	133-140
1828762-3	1991	In this paper, we describe an investigation of the biochemical disparity noted between the alpha- and beta-chains of GM-CSF receptors using proteolytic and deglycosidic enzymes, and further demonstrate the potential importance of carbohydrate structures of the GM-CSF receptors using different lectins and glycoprotein synthesis inhibitors.	Carbohydrates	230-242	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	117-123
8027086-7	1994	This repeat sequence is also sensitive to the tissue metalloproteinases, gelatinase B and matrilysin, but, unlike the bacterial collagenase, the mammalian enzymes also cause extensive degradation of the carbohydrate binding carboxyl domain.	Carbohydrates	203-215	matrix metallopeptidase 7	Homo sapiens	90-100
1828762-3	1991	In this paper, we describe an investigation of the biochemical disparity noted between the alpha- and beta-chains of GM-CSF receptors using proteolytic and deglycosidic enzymes, and further demonstrate the potential importance of carbohydrate structures of the GM-CSF receptors using different lectins and glycoprotein synthesis inhibitors.	Carbohydrates	230-242	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	261-267
21112995-9	2010	Moreover, the fact that a longer exposure to insulin resulted in a reduced response indicates that the rainbow trout is sensitive to insulin, re-enforcing the hypothesis that the hyperglycemia observed following a high carbohydrate meal is an insulin secretion issue rather an insulin action issue.	Carbohydrates	219-231	insulin	Bos taurus	133-140
21035226-6	2010	CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that despite attempts to educate patients; barriers such as family conflict, psychological issues, and carbohydrate counting remain obstacles impeding glycemic control in young adults with DM1.	Carbohydrates	132-144	immunoglobulin heavy diversity 1-7	Homo sapiens	218-221
1709677-2	1991	Endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1) on endothelial cells interacts with specific carbohydrate residues on the PMN, and the leukocyte integrins (CD18 antigens) on PMN interact with intracellular adhesion molecule 1 and other structures on endothelium.	Carbohydrates	96-108	selectin E	Homo sapiens	0-41
7979173-3	1994	PS1 contains at least 50% carbohydrate, consisting mainly of glucose, galactose and mannose, and about 10% lipid that may correspond to phosphatidylinositol.	Carbohydrates	26-38	presenilin 1	Mus musculus	0-3
1709677-2	1991	Endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1) on endothelial cells interacts with specific carbohydrate residues on the PMN, and the leukocyte integrins (CD18 antigens) on PMN interact with intracellular adhesion molecule 1 and other structures on endothelium.	Carbohydrates	96-108	selectin E	Homo sapiens	43-49
7513210-8	1994	The increased binding of PMN to HX-XO-exposed HUVEC observed here involved IC-AM-1, but was independent of its upregulation, and another non-ICAM-1-dependent mechanism, in which carbohydrates expressed on HUVEC recognize L-selectin on PMN.	Carbohydrates	178-191	selectin L	Homo sapiens	221-231
8178975-10	1994	Consumption of a high-carbohydrate diet after weaning increased GLUT-4 and HK-II in muscle and GLUT-2 in liver, whereas consumption of a high-fat diet prevented these changes.	Carbohydrates	22-34	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	64-70
20926583-12	2010	We provide evidence that genetic deletion of IGFBP-3 modulates hepatic carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	71-83	insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3	Mus musculus	45-52
2015885-5	1991	Effects of amylin to stimulate muscle glycogenolysis are consistent with observed effects of amylin in vivo and could be a major mechanism whereby amylin modulates carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	164-176	islet amyloid polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	11-17
2015885-5	1991	Effects of amylin to stimulate muscle glycogenolysis are consistent with observed effects of amylin in vivo and could be a major mechanism whereby amylin modulates carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	164-176	islet amyloid polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	93-99
2015885-5	1991	Effects of amylin to stimulate muscle glycogenolysis are consistent with observed effects of amylin in vivo and could be a major mechanism whereby amylin modulates carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	164-176	islet amyloid polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	93-99
8178975-10	1994	Consumption of a high-carbohydrate diet after weaning increased GLUT-4 and HK-II in muscle and GLUT-2 in liver, whereas consumption of a high-fat diet prevented these changes.	Carbohydrates	22-34	solute carrier family 2 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	95-101
20855892-1	2010	AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) beta subunits (beta1 and beta2) provide scaffolds for binding alpha and gamma subunits and contain a carbohydrate-binding module important for regulating enzyme activity.	Carbohydrates	137-149	hemoglobin, beta adult major chain	Mus musculus	51-56
8201051-4	1994	The binding ability to the toxin was destroyed by periodate treatment or beta-galactosidase treatment, indicating that a carbohydrate moiety, particularly a terminal galactosyl residue, was essential for the binding of the toxin.	Carbohydrates	121-133	galactosidase beta 1	Bos taurus	73-91
2001461-1	1991	The Lewis blood group system comprises two main carbohydrate antigens, Le(a) and Le(b).	Carbohydrates	48-60	fucosyltransferase 3 (Lewis blood group)	Homo sapiens	4-21
20501874-5	2010	In the first study, mice consuming a high-fat diet containing 70% fat and &lt;1% carbohydrates for 6 wk showed higher markers of the UPR (BiP, IRE1alpha, and MBTPS2) in the soleus and in the tibialis anterior muscles and ATF4 in the tibialis anterior (P &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	81-94	membrane-bound transcription factor peptidase, site 2	Mus musculus	158-164
1872461-1	1991	The identification of a specific required carbohydrate structure for the antithrombin III binding site on heparin suggests that there may be specific structures in glycosaminoglycan chains which are necessary for other vascular functions of these carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	42-54	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	73-89
1872461-1	1991	The identification of a specific required carbohydrate structure for the antithrombin III binding site on heparin suggests that there may be specific structures in glycosaminoglycan chains which are necessary for other vascular functions of these carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	247-260	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	73-89
8191395-5	1994	Carbohydrate intake was negatively (r = -0.31, p &lt; 0.001; r = -0.24, p &lt; 0.01; r = -0.36, p &lt; 0.001) and fat intake positively (r = 0.24, p &lt; 0.01; r = 0.29, p &lt; 0.001; r = 0.32, p &lt; 0.001) related to F X, PAI-1, and t-PA, respectively.	Carbohydrates	0-12	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	224-229
20501874-6	2010	In the second study, a 20-wk high-fat diet containing 46% fat and 36% carbohydrates also increased BiP, IRE1alpha, and phospho-PERK protein and the expression of ATF4, CHOP, and both the spliced and unspliced forms of XBP1 in the plantar flexors (P &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	70-83	DNA-damage inducible transcript 3	Mus musculus	168-172
7998825-9	1994	The results suggest that ethanol or high carbohydrate ingestion diminishes the activity of GD3 synthase, a key enzyme in the metabolism of gangliosides, which determines the proportion of gangliosides, belonging to the a- and b-series.	Carbohydrates	41-53	ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	91-103
20674762-1	2010	Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) is a key enzyme that links amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism in cells.	Carbohydrates	72-84	glutamate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	0-23
8111189-8	1994	Thus, the data obtained indicate that H-2Kb molecules in BL6-8 melanoma cells are not required for interaction with the effector cells, and H-2Kb-induced alterations in membrane carbohydrates and/or expression of the retrovirus-associated MAA might be important for the increase NK sensitivity of BL6-8 melanoma cells.	Carbohydrates	178-191	histocompatibility 2, K1, K region	Mus musculus	140-145
1705015-4	1991	We now report that the affinity of LAM-1 for a carbohydrate-based ligand, PPME, is dramatically increased following lymphocyte and neutrophil activation by lineage-specific stimuli.	Carbohydrates	47-59	selectin L	Homo sapiens	35-40
1705026-3	1991	We report here the identification of an endogenous carbohydrate ligand for one of these receptors, endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1).	Carbohydrates	51-63	selectin E	Homo sapiens	99-140
1705026-3	1991	We report here the identification of an endogenous carbohydrate ligand for one of these receptors, endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1).	Carbohydrates	51-63	selectin E	Homo sapiens	142-148
7506267-6	1993	Upregulation of L-selectin surface density in IFN-alpha-treated Daudi B cells correlated directly with an increase in L-selectin mRNA steady state levels and enhanced L-selectin-dependent binding to a carbohydrate-based ligand, phosphomonoester core polysaccharide.	Carbohydrates	201-213	selectin L	Homo sapiens	16-26
20674762-1	2010	Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) is a key enzyme that links amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism in cells.	Carbohydrates	72-84	glutamate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	25-28
1711527-6	1991	These glycoproteins, including the peripheral lymph node homing receptor (pln HR), the endothelial cell adhesion molecule (ELAM), and PADGEM/gmp140, are all members of a family of proteins which are unified by the inclusion of three characteristic protein motifs: a lectin or carbohydrate recognition domain, an epidermal growth factor (egf) domain, and a variable number of short consensus repeats (scr) which are also found in members of the complement regulatory proteins.	Carbohydrates	276-288	selectin L	Homo sapiens	35-72
20138746-1	2010	The aim of this study was to investigate the interactions of genetic variants in the genes of cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) with high carbohydrate and low fat (HC/LF) diet on lipid profiles in a young and healthy Chinese Han population.	Carbohydrates	190-202	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	140-172
1711527-6	1991	These glycoproteins, including the peripheral lymph node homing receptor (pln HR), the endothelial cell adhesion molecule (ELAM), and PADGEM/gmp140, are all members of a family of proteins which are unified by the inclusion of three characteristic protein motifs: a lectin or carbohydrate recognition domain, an epidermal growth factor (egf) domain, and a variable number of short consensus repeats (scr) which are also found in members of the complement regulatory proteins.	Carbohydrates	276-288	selectin L	Homo sapiens	74-80
1711527-6	1991	These glycoproteins, including the peripheral lymph node homing receptor (pln HR), the endothelial cell adhesion molecule (ELAM), and PADGEM/gmp140, are all members of a family of proteins which are unified by the inclusion of three characteristic protein motifs: a lectin or carbohydrate recognition domain, an epidermal growth factor (egf) domain, and a variable number of short consensus repeats (scr) which are also found in members of the complement regulatory proteins.	Carbohydrates	276-288	selectin P	Homo sapiens	134-140
1671765-2	1991	(2) HMG-CoA synthase was substantially succinylated and inactivated in mitochondria isolated from term-foetal, (1-h-old, 6-h-old, 1-day-old) neonatal, suckling and high carbohydrate/low-fat (hc)-weaned rats.	Carbohydrates	169-181	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	4-20
1671765-3	1991	Succinylation of HMG-CoA synthase was very low in mitochondria isolated from the livers of foetal, 30-min-old neonatal and high-fat/carbohydrate-free (hf)-weaned rats.	Carbohydrates	132-144	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	17-33
8215447-4	1993	Scatchard analysis of equilibrium dialysis data showed the presence of one carbohydrate binding site for Man (alpha 1-3) Man-alpha-O-Me per monomer, with Ka = 1.62 x 10(4) M-1.	Carbohydrates	75-87	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	110-119
8215447-12	1993	These results indicate that AAA has an extended carbohydrate-binding site, which is most complementary to a branched mannotriosyl residue, i.e., Man(alpha 1-6)[Man(alpha 1-3)]Man.	Carbohydrates	48-60	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	149-158
8215447-12	1993	These results indicate that AAA has an extended carbohydrate-binding site, which is most complementary to a branched mannotriosyl residue, i.e., Man(alpha 1-6)[Man(alpha 1-3)]Man.	Carbohydrates	48-60	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	164-173
20138746-1	2010	The aim of this study was to investigate the interactions of genetic variants in the genes of cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) with high carbohydrate and low fat (HC/LF) diet on lipid profiles in a young and healthy Chinese Han population.	Carbohydrates	190-202	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	174-178
2048719-9	1991	Based on the FAB-MS and methylation analysis data, the structural classes of carbohydrates at each attachment site can be proposed.	Carbohydrates	77-90	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	13-16
20728220-1	2010	Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a recognition molecule of the complement (C) system and binds to carbohydrate ligands present on a wide range of pathogenic bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.	Carbohydrates	97-109	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-22
2004355-2	1991	Soybean agglutinin (SBA) lectin which binds to specific carbohydrate residues was studied in normal human colonic epithelial cells, in epithelial cells in transitional colonic mucosa adjacent to carcinomas, and in colonic carcinomas.	Carbohydrates	56-68	lectin	Glycine max	20-23
7692600-2	1993	A recombinant L-selectin stains high endothelial venules (HEVs) in lymph nodes and recognizes sulfated carbohydrates found on two endothelial glycoproteins, Sgp50 and Sgp90.	Carbohydrates	103-116	glycosylation dependent cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	157-162
20728220-1	2010	Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a recognition molecule of the complement (C) system and binds to carbohydrate ligands present on a wide range of pathogenic bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.	Carbohydrates	97-109	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	24-27
20507274-6	2010	According to experimental studies statin lipophilicity as well as the potential to inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase should be regarded as prognostic factors of an adverse impact of statin treatment on carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	224-236	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase	Homo sapiens	91-138
8376787-1	1993	Transfection of the H-2Kb and neor genes into BL6-8 (H-2Kb-, H-2Db+) melanoma clone resulted in various phenotypic changes with appearance of soybean agglutinin (SBA) and Grifonia Simplicifolia 1-B4 (GS1B4) lectin binding carbohydrates and loss of melanoma-associated antigen (MAA).	Carbohydrates	222-235	histocompatibility 2, K1, K region	Mus musculus	20-25
8376787-4	1993	Analysis of isolated clones revealed that 38 of 47 tested clones have been found to be expressing the H-2Kb Ag, SBA, and GS1B4 lectin binding carbohydrates but lost MAA, e.g., H-2Kb+, lectin+, MAA-, and in parallel these cells became sensitive to TNF lysis.	Carbohydrates	142-155	histocompatibility 2, K1, K region	Mus musculus	102-107
1675053-3	1991	The selective alpha 1-adrenoceptor blockers have positive effects on carbohydrate metabolism, hyperinsulinaemia and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	69-81	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	14-21
18955322-8	2010	When the HET was fractionated, only the polysaccharide fraction (F-5) enhanced the G-CSF secretion of MCE301 cells, and the activity of F-5 lost after the treatment of periodate that can degrade the carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	199-211	coagulation factor V	Mus musculus	65-68
1702034-5	1990	ELFT encodes a 46 kd protein that has alpha(1,3)fucosyltransferase activity, suggesting that a fucosylated carbohydrate structure is an essential component of the ELAM-1 ligand.	Carbohydrates	107-119	selectin E	Homo sapiens	163-169
8397508-5	1993	Major differences in the carbohydrate structures of PC1 and PC2 are demonstrated by the resistance of the secreted PC1 to endoglycosidase H digestion and sensitivity of the secreted PC2 to this enzyme.	Carbohydrates	25-37	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
2082620-10	1990	These results suggest that the attached carbohydrates around the CD4-binding site of gp120, may contribute to the generation of this protein domain required for high affinity receptor interaction.	Carbohydrates	40-53	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	85-90
7503971-8	1993	The carbohydrate features of these ligands, essential for their interaction with L-selectin, are reviewed.	Carbohydrates	4-16	selectin L	Homo sapiens	81-91
18955322-8	2010	When the HET was fractionated, only the polysaccharide fraction (F-5) enhanced the G-CSF secretion of MCE301 cells, and the activity of F-5 lost after the treatment of periodate that can degrade the carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	199-211	coagulation factor V	Mus musculus	136-139
20595206-6	2010	Carbohydrate analysis of total cell wall extracts revealed a reduction in xylose for the irx14 and irx14 irx14L(+-) mutants, consistent with a defect in glucuronoxylan biosynthesis.	Carbohydrates	0-12	Nucleotide-diphospho-sugar transferases superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	105-111
7688989-8	1993	Thus, sialylated carbohydrate on neutrophils appears essential for P-selectin-mediated adhesion, and a proportion of this ligand may be presented by L-selectin.	Carbohydrates	17-29	selectin P	Homo sapiens	67-77
2082155-1	1990	The MNN2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been cloned by complementation of the mnn2 mutant phenotype scored by a change in cell surface carbohydrate structure resulting from a lack of alpha 1----2-mannose branching in the outer chain.	Carbohydrates	141-153	alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase MNN2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	4-8
20683968-5	2010	Excess carbohydrates are the major substrates for de novo lipogenesis, and thus, reducing carbohydrate consumption through dietary changes and increasing muscle glucose uptake through exercise remain important cornerstones of treatment and prevention of lipotoxic liver injury, a disease hitherto called NASH.	Carbohydrates	7-20	SAM domain, SH3 domain and nuclear localization signals 1	Homo sapiens	304-308
2211704-12	1990	Differences in carbohydrate processing account for the heterogeneity in MCP-1/SMC-CF-like proteins produced by different cell types.	Carbohydrates	15-27	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	72-77
8349827-11	1993	In addition, the finding that the mammary form of GlyCAM 1 contains different carbohydrate modifications than the endothelial form suggests that this glycoprotein may be a scaffold for carbohydrates that mediate functions in addition to cell adhesion.	Carbohydrates	78-90	glycosylation dependent cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	50-58
8349827-11	1993	In addition, the finding that the mammary form of GlyCAM 1 contains different carbohydrate modifications than the endothelial form suggests that this glycoprotein may be a scaffold for carbohydrates that mediate functions in addition to cell adhesion.	Carbohydrates	185-198	glycosylation dependent cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	50-58
2211704-12	1990	Differences in carbohydrate processing account for the heterogeneity in MCP-1/SMC-CF-like proteins produced by different cell types.	Carbohydrates	15-27	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	78-84
20683968-5	2010	Excess carbohydrates are the major substrates for de novo lipogenesis, and thus, reducing carbohydrate consumption through dietary changes and increasing muscle glucose uptake through exercise remain important cornerstones of treatment and prevention of lipotoxic liver injury, a disease hitherto called NASH.	Carbohydrates	7-19	SAM domain, SH3 domain and nuclear localization signals 1	Homo sapiens	304-308
20537918-12	2010	Alterations in Lep concentrations correlated negatively with baseline FM, FM%, and android and gynoid fat mass and positively with changes in intake of protein, carbohydrates, and total energy of the consumed diet.	Carbohydrates	161-174	leptin	Homo sapiens	15-18
1979260-6	1990	Diabetic retinopathy was also accompanied by high carbohydrate antigens in Leb patients, but the difference was not significant.	Carbohydrates	50-62	mucin 5AC, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	75-78
1702061-6	1990	Competitive inhibition assays with various MoAbs and lectins indicated that the epitope recognized by LD-B1 antibody involves the carbohydrate sequence Gal beta 1----3Gal beta 1----3(or 4)GlcNAc beta 1----3Gal.	Carbohydrates	130-142	LIM domain binding 1	Homo sapiens	102-107
8514407-5	1993	Glutathione S-transferase (GST) was recognized predominantly by IgM antibodies of all vaccinated groups, and a significant portion of this response was directed against carbohydrate epitopes.	Carbohydrates	169-181	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Mus musculus	0-25
20529970-3	2010	In general, subunits of ficolins and collectins recognize the carbohydrate arrays of their targets via globular trimeric carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) whereas IgG, IgM and other antibody isotypes recognize proteins via dimeric antigen-binding domains (Fab).	Carbohydrates	62-74	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	262-265
7685350-16	1993	Finally, based on the current and previous data, we hypothesize that the high affinity recognition site(s) of this P-selectin ligand may be derived from a "clustered saccharide patch" of sialylated fucosylated O-linked oligosaccharide sequences.	Carbohydrates	166-176	selectin P	Homo sapiens	115-125
8043936-6	1993	Therefore a genetic factor in CDA II appears to block the glycosylation of protein acceptors and shift these carbohydrates to the lipid acceptors.	Carbohydrates	109-122	SEC23 homolog B, COPII coat complex component	Homo sapiens	30-36
8043936-7	1993	Structural analysis of CDA II band 3 carbohydrates identified truncated hybrid-type oligosaccharides and suggests that the Golgi glycosylation enzyme(s), alpha-mannosidase II or N-acetylglycosaminyltransferase II is defective in CDA II.	Carbohydrates	37-50	SEC23 homolog B, COPII coat complex component	Homo sapiens	23-29
2136384-8	1990	This oxidation/FAB-MS strategy should prove valuable in structural analyses of a wide range of biologically important carbohydrates which cannot be isolated in sufficient quantities to permit nuclear magnetic resonance studies.	Carbohydrates	118-131	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	15-18
1698804-2	1990	We show that the full length molecule, whilst folded and soluble, fails to bind to CD4 consistent with other work that suggests an essential role for carbohydrate in gp120 function.	Carbohydrates	150-162	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	166-171
20417867-7	2010	A high level of RegIV and RegIV carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) expression was demonstrated in RegIV and RegIV CRD-transfected cells.	Carbohydrates	32-44	regenerating family member 4	Homo sapiens	26-31
2365054-1	1990	Recently, it has been shown that boar acrosin exhibits a carbohydrate-binding activity with a specificity to fucose, by which it can bind to the oocyte zona pellucida.	Carbohydrates	57-69	acrosin	Homo sapiens	38-45
2187500-4	1990	Digestion of the purified gp120 and gp160 with endoglycosidases revealed that both proteins are heavily glycosylated and contain complex carbohydrates, in contrast to the intracellular form of gp160 which has been shown to contain mannose-rich immature sugars.	Carbohydrates	137-150	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	26-31
8099282-6	1993	Hepatic, intestinal and renal HMG-CoA synthase mRNA levels remained elevated throughout the suckling period or in rats weaned on to a high-fat carbohydrate-free diet (HF), but decreased by 50% in the liver and totally disappeared from the intestine and the kidney of rats weaned on to a high-carbohydrate low-fat diet (HC).	Carbohydrates	143-155	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	30-46
8099282-6	1993	Hepatic, intestinal and renal HMG-CoA synthase mRNA levels remained elevated throughout the suckling period or in rats weaned on to a high-fat carbohydrate-free diet (HF), but decreased by 50% in the liver and totally disappeared from the intestine and the kidney of rats weaned on to a high-carbohydrate low-fat diet (HC).	Carbohydrates	292-304	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	30-46
8357534-0	1993	The isoforms of human neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G differ in their carbohydrate side chain structures.	Carbohydrates	74-86	cathepsin G	Homo sapiens	46-57
8357534-1	1993	The two proteinases found in human neutrophil granules, elastase and cathepsin G, each are normally isolated as a mixture of isoforms differing only in carbohydrate content.	Carbohydrates	152-164	cathepsin G	Homo sapiens	69-80
8357534-3	1993	Analysis of a minor form of elastase (E-1) and cathepsin G (C-1) indicates that the carbohydrate structures at each glycosylation site are complex-type bi-antennary chains usually associated with secretory glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	84-96	cathepsin G	Homo sapiens	38-58
20417867-7	2010	A high level of RegIV and RegIV carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) expression was demonstrated in RegIV and RegIV CRD-transfected cells.	Carbohydrates	32-44	regenerating family member 4	Homo sapiens	26-31
8514856-10	1993	We conclude that the acute response to TNF causes a shift towards carbohydrate as an energy substrate in a dose-dependent manner by both decreasing the availability of FFAs and increasing glucose production.	Carbohydrates	66-78	tumor necrosis factor	Canis lupus familiaris	39-42
2138034-2	1990	Carbohydrate and amino-acid composition of the glycopeptide suggested that each subunit of SAP possesses an N-linked glycan, but no O-linked ones.	Carbohydrates	0-12	amyloid P component, serum	Homo sapiens	91-94
7685769-2	1993	The carbohydrate compositional analysis indicated that G-CSF molecule contains sialic acid, galactose and galactosamine.	Carbohydrates	4-16	colony stimulating factor 3	Homo sapiens	55-60
20417867-7	2010	A high level of RegIV and RegIV carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) expression was demonstrated in RegIV and RegIV CRD-transfected cells.	Carbohydrates	32-44	regenerating family member 4	Homo sapiens	26-31
20067961-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: We have recently shown that a high-fat high-carbohydrate (HFHC) meal induces an increase in plasma concentrations of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) and the expression of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) and suppresser of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) in mononuclear cells (MNCs) in addition to oxidative stress and cellular inflammation.	Carbohydrates	55-67	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	187-207
1689152-2	1990	Concentration of lipase mRNA was actually increased by the lipid-rich carbohydrate-low diet and reached a maximum level after 2 days, but further remained constant for at least 10 days.	Carbohydrates	70-82	lipase G, endothelial type	Rattus norvegicus	17-23
7684392-9	1993	In view of the possible role of IGFBP-1 in glucose counterregulation, these results indicate a novel mechanism by which T4 may exert its metabolic action on liver carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	163-175	insulin like growth factor binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	32-39
20067961-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: We have recently shown that a high-fat high-carbohydrate (HFHC) meal induces an increase in plasma concentrations of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) and the expression of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) and suppresser of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) in mononuclear cells (MNCs) in addition to oxidative stress and cellular inflammation.	Carbohydrates	55-67	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	209-214
2205090-7	1990	The insulin level after feeding seems to be determined by the carbohydrate status of the animal before feeding.	Carbohydrates	62-74	insulin	Bos taurus	4-11
20164781-12	2010	Only the patients with NAFLD presented a positive correlation between the saturated fatty acids intake and the orexigenic neuropeptides NPY and agouti related protein, and carbohydrate with NPY.	Carbohydrates	172-184	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	190-193
2132065-1	1990	Acrosin is a multifunctional enzyme combining several functional properties within a single molecule: the catalytic triad of the proteinase, hydrophobic domains responsible for the special membrane-associating character of the enzyme and the carbohydrate binding sites by which the molecule can bind to the zona pellucida.	Carbohydrates	242-254	acrosin	Homo sapiens	0-7
6652065-3	1983	Exo- and endoglycosidase digestion, periodate oxidation, permethylation analysis, and lectin reactivity provided evidence for a tentative carbohydrate structure for the glycopeptide mixture.	Carbohydrates	138-150	5'-3' exoribonuclease 1	Mus musculus	0-3
7681016-1	1993	The three-dimensional structure of the carbohydrate recognition domain of the human E-selectin endothelial-leucocyte adhesion molecule (ELAM-1) was modelled on the basis of the recently determined X-ray crystallographic structure of the homologous domain found in the rat mannose-binding protein.	Carbohydrates	39-51	selectin E	Homo sapiens	84-94
7681016-1	1993	The three-dimensional structure of the carbohydrate recognition domain of the human E-selectin endothelial-leucocyte adhesion molecule (ELAM-1) was modelled on the basis of the recently determined X-ray crystallographic structure of the homologous domain found in the rat mannose-binding protein.	Carbohydrates	39-51	selectin E	Homo sapiens	136-142
8424382-8	1993	Percent body fat and W:H correlated with the total and LDL-C. Changes in HDL-C and/or HDL2-C and LPL correlated directly with the changes in dietary fat and inversely with dietary carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	180-192	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	97-100
20336366-4	2010	This antibody bound hexa- and pentasaccharide-peptides more strongly than unsaturated tetrasaccharide-peptides with the unnatural fourth sugar residue (unsaturated hexuronic acid), suggesting the importance of the fifth and/or fourth saccharide residue GalNAc-5 and/or GlcA-4.	Carbohydrates	35-45	beta-hexosaminidase subunit alpha	Cricetulus griseus	20-24
8457384-3	1993	Deglycosylated gp120 binds to GalCer, suggesting that the amino acids of glycoprotein gp120 and not the carbohydrates are responsible for the observed binding.	Carbohydrates	104-117	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	15-20
6893328-1	1980	Binding of Cd2+ to concanavalin A and the subsequent induction of saccharide-binding activity has been studied at pH 6.5.	Carbohydrates	66-76	CD2 molecule	Homo sapiens	11-14
6893328-3	1980	Using the fluorescent sugar 4-methylumbelliferyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside we determined that full saccharide-binding activity was obtained only when the total bound Cd2+ stoichiometry reached 2 ions/concanavalin A subunit.	Carbohydrates	97-107	CD2 molecule	Homo sapiens	164-167
20187772-9	2010	Muscle mRNA expression for IL-8 (6.4-fold), MCP-1 (4.7-fold), and IL-6 (7.3-fold) increased substantially after carbohydrate ingestion.	Carbohydrates	112-124	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	44-49
7678075-2	1993	Recently, we reported that another carbohydrate antigen, sialyl Lea, can also serve as a ligand for ELAM-1 (A. Takada, K. Ohmori, N. Takahashi, K. Tsuyuoka, K. Yago, K. Zenita, A. Hasegawa, and R. Kannagi, Biochem.	Carbohydrates	35-47	selectin E	Homo sapiens	100-106
20207732-6	2010	Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, surface plasmon resonance, and carbohydrate competition assays, we show that SP-D interacts with A2M both in solid phase (K(D) of 7.33 nM) and in solution via lectin-carbohydrate interactions under physiological calcium conditions.	Carbohydrates	208-220	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Homo sapiens	139-142
7677933-1	1993	The carbohydrate structures of the beta 1 integrins obtained from a mouse metastatic melanoma B16 F1 and its weakly metastatic wheat-germ agglutinin-resistant mutant Wa4-b1 were studied comparatively.	Carbohydrates	4-16	hemoglobin, beta adult major chain	Mus musculus	35-41
34951587-5	2021	We found that hyaluronic acid (HA), an abundant carbohydrate polymer in pancreatic tumors composed of repeating N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) and glucuronic acid sugars, can bypass GFAT1 to refuel the HBP via the GlcNAc salvage pathway.	Carbohydrates	48-60	glutamine fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 1	Mus musculus	181-186
34931005-5	2021	NMR analyses show that CXCL4 binding induces changes in the galectin-1 carbohydrate binding site.	Carbohydrates	71-83	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	60-70
20385813-4	2010	PNPLA3 mRNA levels, which were low in fasting animals, increased approximately 90-fold with carbohydrate feeding.	Carbohydrates	92-104	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	0-6
34817551-1	2021	Dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR) is a C-type lectin receptor with a carbohydrate recognition domain and an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif.	Carbohydrates	72-84	C-type lectin domain family 4, member a2	Mus musculus	0-29
34817551-1	2021	Dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR) is a C-type lectin receptor with a carbohydrate recognition domain and an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif.	Carbohydrates	72-84	C-type lectin domain family 4, member a2	Mus musculus	31-35
1468587-3	1992	Western blot analysis showed that the amount of GLUT2 protein in BLM vesicles was increased in rats with diabetes and those given a high-carbohydrate diet, but not in those with experimental hyperglycemia.	Carbohydrates	137-149	solute carrier family 2 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	48-53
20184898-6	2010	Analysis of heteronuclear single quantum coherence titration binding data indicates that lactose binds the two carbohydrate recognition domains of the gal-1 dimer with negative cooperativity, in that the first lactose molecule binds more strongly (K(1)=21+/-6 x 10(3) M(-1)) than the second (K(2)=4+/-2 x 10(3) M(-1)).	Carbohydrates	111-123	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	151-156
1475183-4	1992	The pop2 mutant overproduced amylase 5-6 fold and displayed several other pleiotropic defects: (1) resistance to glucose derepression, (2) temperature-sensitive growth, (3) failure of homozygous diploid cells to sporulate and (4) reduced amount of reserve carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	256-269	CCR4-NOT core DEDD family RNase subunit POP2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	4-8
1390929-2	1992	Arylsulfatase B purified from human placenta in the present study, however, included another 7 kDa component that could be detected only by carbohydrate staining on reducing SDS-PAGE employing the Tris-Tricine system.	Carbohydrates	140-152	arylsulfatase B	Homo sapiens	0-15
34352885-8	2021	While carbohydrate quality, including GI, impacts many health outcomes, GI as a measure of carbohydrate quality appears to be relatively unimportant as a determinant of BMI or diet-induced weight loss.	Carbohydrates	91-103	G protein subunit alpha i1	Homo sapiens	72-74
20184898-9	2010	Overall, our results provide new insight into gal-1 structure-function relationships and to protein-carbohydrate interactions in general.	Carbohydrates	100-112	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	46-51
34846578-4	2022	Primary human OA chondrocytes in vitro respond to carbohydrate-inhibitable Gal-4 binding with the upregulation of pro-degradative/-inflammatory proteins such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), as documented by RT-qPCR-based mRNA profiling and transcriptome data processing.	Carbohydrates	50-62	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	180-188
1382077-6	1992	These results thus define a small region of the E-selectin lectin domain that is critical for carbohydrate recognition.	Carbohydrates	94-106	selectin E	Homo sapiens	48-58
1396679-8	1992	The effect of thrombin on carbohydrate output was also blocked by a phospholipase A2 inhibitor (quinacrine, 50 microM) and by an inhibitor of the cyclooxygenase (indomethacin, 20 microM), suggesting the involvement of cyclooxygenase in the mechanism of action of thrombin.	Carbohydrates	26-38	phospholipase A2 group IB	Rattus norvegicus	68-84
19896471-1	2010	UDP-glucose (UDPG), a glycosyl donor in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates, is an endogenous agonist of the G protein-coupled P2Y(14) receptor.	Carbohydrates	60-73	purinergic receptor P2Y14	Homo sapiens	125-141
34816953-10	2021	Extraction of the three patterns evidenced higher consumption of foods high in carbohydrates and fats, which are nutrients associated directly with the increase in chronic noncommunicable diseases.	Carbohydrates	79-92	Spi-1 proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	11-13
34816953-10	2021	Extraction of the three patterns evidenced higher consumption of foods high in carbohydrates and fats, which are nutrients associated directly with the increase in chronic noncommunicable diseases.	Carbohydrates	79-92	Spi-1 proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	62-64
34833862-9	2021	This study demonstrated that consideration of GH family affiliations of the carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) used to formulate synergistic enzyme cocktails is crucial for achieving efficient biomass saccharification.	Carbohydrates	76-88	gamma-glutamyl hydrolase	Homo sapiens	46-48
20005931-0	2010	Recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor pre-screening and screening of stabilizing carbohydrates and polyols.	Carbohydrates	99-112	colony stimulating factor 3	Homo sapiens	18-55
34600331-2	2021	The inhibition of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes which are responsible for the digestion of dietary carbohydrates is an effective strategy to control postprandial hyperglycemia.	Carbohydrates	113-126	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	36-53
1473968-3	1992	After binding to suitable carbohydrate ligands, mannan-binding protein is found to be an activator of the classical pathway of complement via an activation of the C1r2C1s2 complex, i.e. antibody and C1q independent.	Carbohydrates	26-38	complement C1q A chain	Homo sapiens	199-202
19965578-8	2010	Together, our studies suggest that ATGL-ko mice cannot adjust circulating FA levels to the increased energy requirements of the working muscle, resulting in an increased use of carbohydrates for energy conversion.	Carbohydrates	177-190	patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2	Mus musculus	35-39
1377689-1	1992	Dependence of the carbohydrate binding activity on E-selectin density.	Carbohydrates	18-30	selectin E	Homo sapiens	51-61
1377689-2	1992	Carbohydrate recognition by the human endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule, E-selectin, has been investigated by binding studies using 3H-labeled Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing different levels of the transfected full-length adhesion molecule and a series of structurally defined oligosaccharides linked to the lipid phosphatidylethanolamine dipalmitoate (neoglycolipids) and synthetic glycolipids chromatographed on silica gel plates or immobilized on plastic wells.	Carbohydrates	0-12	selectin E	Homo sapiens	79-89
34790014-4	2021	Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) is the most widely distributed glucose transporter in the body and mainly participates in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism, thus affecting cell proliferation and growth.	Carbohydrates	138-150	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1	Mus musculus	0-21
34790014-4	2021	Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) is the most widely distributed glucose transporter in the body and mainly participates in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism, thus affecting cell proliferation and growth.	Carbohydrates	138-150	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1	Mus musculus	23-28
20055531-2	2010	Imiglucerase is generated from transduced Chinese hamster ovary cells, and modified by sequential deglycosylation of its carbohydrate side chains to expose alpha-mannosyl residues that mediate the uptake of the intravenously infused enzyme.	Carbohydrates	121-133	glucosylceramidase beta	Homo sapiens	0-12
34455071-13	2021	CONCLUSION: This study indicated that an increase in blood pressure in old rats with a high-carbohydrate high-fat diet is due to a disturbance of a structure of the vascular wall, the release of fibronectin, which can occur under the influence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders, endothelin-1, TGFbeta and CTGF.	Carbohydrates	92-104	fibronectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	195-206
34455071-13	2021	CONCLUSION: This study indicated that an increase in blood pressure in old rats with a high-carbohydrate high-fat diet is due to a disturbance of a structure of the vascular wall, the release of fibronectin, which can occur under the influence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders, endothelin-1, TGFbeta and CTGF.	Carbohydrates	247-259	fibronectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	195-206
1618903-12	1992	These experiments indicate that different domains of N-CAM subserve different functional roles in cell recognition and signal transduction, and are functionally competent without nervous system-derived carbohydrate structures.	Carbohydrates	202-214	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	53-58
1318394-13	1992	These results suggest that either a carbohydrate moiety is an element of the MHVR-binding site(s) for virus and MAb CC1 or a posttranslational membrane-associated process is required for functional conformation of the receptor glycoprotein.	Carbohydrates	36-48	carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	77-81
1318394-13	1992	These results suggest that either a carbohydrate moiety is an element of the MHVR-binding site(s) for virus and MAb CC1 or a posttranslational membrane-associated process is required for functional conformation of the receptor glycoprotein.	Carbohydrates	36-48	C-C motif chemokine ligand 14	Homo sapiens	116-119
19908022-0	2010	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) protects against oleate-induced INS-1E beta cell dysfunction by preserving carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	136-148	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	0-48
1375936-2	1992	P-selectin on platelets and endothelial cells and E-selectin on endothelial cells are leukocyte receptors that recognize lineage-specific carbohydrates on neutrophils and monocytes.	Carbohydrates	138-151	selectin P	Homo sapiens	0-10
1375936-2	1992	P-selectin on platelets and endothelial cells and E-selectin on endothelial cells are leukocyte receptors that recognize lineage-specific carbohydrates on neutrophils and monocytes.	Carbohydrates	138-151	selectin E	Homo sapiens	50-60
34192637-7	2021	Metagenomic annotation of genes that revealed the metabolic pathways of carbohydrates, amino acids, and the two dominant enzymes (GH and GT) provide valuable information for microbial ecology analysis.	Carbohydrates	72-85	gamma-glutamyl hydrolase	Homo sapiens	130-132
34472382-6	2021	Most importantly, several reported carbohydrate-based molecules for Alzheimer"s disease act on beta-amyloid aggregation, tau protein, cholinesterase and oxidative stress, with enhanced pharmacokinetic and mechanistic properties.	Carbohydrates	35-47	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	121-124
34472382-6	2021	Most importantly, several reported carbohydrate-based molecules for Alzheimer"s disease act on beta-amyloid aggregation, tau protein, cholinesterase and oxidative stress, with enhanced pharmacokinetic and mechanistic properties.	Carbohydrates	35-47	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	134-148
1376112-0	1992	The antigenicity of the carbohydrate moiety of an insect glycoprotein, honey-bee (Apis mellifera) venom phospholipase A2.	Carbohydrates	24-36	phospholipase A2	Apis mellifera	104-120
1376112-3	1992	The interaction of anti-(horseradish peroxidase) antiserum with PLA2 suggests the existence of a carbohydrate determinant common to both glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	97-109	phospholipase A2	Apis mellifera	64-68
19908022-0	2010	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) protects against oleate-induced INS-1E beta cell dysfunction by preserving carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	136-148	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	50-59
34508778-8	2021	Overexpression of WT-ASGR1/2 primarily reduced levels of immature non-O-glycosylated LDLR (~110 kDa), whereas the triple Ala-mutant of Gln240/Trp244/Glu253 (characterized by loss of carbohydrate binding) reduced expression of the mature form of LDLR (~150 kDa), suggesting that ASGR1 binds the LDLR in both a sugar-dependent and -independent fashion.	Carbohydrates	182-194	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	245-249
19948406-0	2010	Probing the carbohydrate recognition domain of E-selectin: the importance of the acid orientation in sLex mimetics.	Carbohydrates	12-24	selectin E	Homo sapiens	47-57
34494637-2	2021	We prepare these analogues using a concise route from non-carbohydrate materials and demonstrate the most selective inhibitor 7c (~100-fold) can act in Fabry patient cells to drive reductions in levels of the disease-relevant glycolipid Gb3.	Carbohydrates	58-70	alpha 1,4-galactosyltransferase (P blood group)	Homo sapiens	237-240
19948406-6	2010	This small library of antagonists derived from Huisgen-1,3-dipolar cycloadditions allows to further probe the carbohydrate recognition domain of E-selectin.	Carbohydrates	110-122	selectin E	Homo sapiens	145-155
1374413-4	1992	Although L-selectin has been demonstrated to bind to carbohydrates, structural features of potential mammalian carbohydrate ligand(s) have not been well defined.	Carbohydrates	53-66	selectin L	Homo sapiens	9-19
19840833-7	2009	The interactions were Ca2+-dependent and inhibited by mannose or monoclonal antibody against the carbohydrate-recognition domain of MBL.	Carbohydrates	97-109	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	132-135
1374413-4	1992	Although L-selectin has been demonstrated to bind to carbohydrates, structural features of potential mammalian carbohydrate ligand(s) have not been well defined.	Carbohydrates	53-65	selectin L	Homo sapiens	9-19
1451789-5	1992	Weaning rats on to a diet rich in fat prevented the increase in GLUT-4 abundance seen between 15 and 29 days in animals weaned on a high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	137-149	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	64-70
34578880-13	2021	Low-carbohydrate-high-fat diet more successfully reduces triacylglycerol but not cholesterol levels compared to isocaloric high-carbohydrate-low-fat weight loss diets.	Carbohydrates	3-16	CD36 molecule	Mus musculus	22-25
34293617-2	2021	Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a prototype member of this family, presents a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) with specific affinity for beta-galactosides such as N-acetyllactosamine (beta-d-Galp-(1   4)-d-GlcpNAc), and mediate numerous physiological and pathological processes.	Carbohydrates	66-78	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
19840833-10	2009	GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: These results suggested that MBL binds to TLR4 and MD-2 through the carbohydrate-recognition domain, and that oligosaccharide moieties of TLR4 and MD-2 are important for recognition by MBL.	Carbohydrates	90-102	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	51-54
34293617-2	2021	Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a prototype member of this family, presents a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) with specific affinity for beta-galactosides such as N-acetyllactosamine (beta-d-Galp-(1   4)-d-GlcpNAc), and mediate numerous physiological and pathological processes.	Carbohydrates	66-78	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	12-17
1381278-0	1992	The use of porcine liver (2----3)-alpha-sialyltransferase in the large-scale synthesis of alpha-Neup5Ac-(2----3)-beta-D-Galp-(1----3)-D-GlcpNAc, the epitope of the tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen CA 50. alpha-Neup5Ac-(2----3)-beta-D-Galp-(1----3)-D-GlcpNAc (2) and, alpha-Neup5Ac-(2----3)-beta-D-Galp-(1----3)-beta-D-GlcpNAcOMBn+ ++ were prepared on a large scale by the action of beta-D-Galp-(1----3)-D-GalpNAc (2----3)-alpha-sialyltransferase (partially purified from porcine liver) on beta-D-Galp-(1----3)-D-GlcpNAc and beta-D-Galp-(1----3)-beta-D-GlcpNAcOMBn, respectively.	Carbohydrates	181-193	galanin like peptide	Homo sapiens	120-124
19840833-10	2009	GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: These results suggested that MBL binds to TLR4 and MD-2 through the carbohydrate-recognition domain, and that oligosaccharide moieties of TLR4 and MD-2 are important for recognition by MBL.	Carbohydrates	90-102	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	64-68
19840833-10	2009	GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: These results suggested that MBL binds to TLR4 and MD-2 through the carbohydrate-recognition domain, and that oligosaccharide moieties of TLR4 and MD-2 are important for recognition by MBL.	Carbohydrates	90-102	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	207-210
19796822-1	2009	Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a circulating pattern recognition molecule involved in the innate immune system that mediates phagocytosis and activates complement by binding to a carbohydrate extremity.	Carbohydrates	180-192	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-22
1301963-4	1992	With the use of specific lectins, an analysis of the particular carbohydrate(s) attached to the U1 snRNP 68K protein demonstrated the presence of at least one N-linked oligosaccharide chain.	Carbohydrates	64-76	LSM2 homolog, U6 small nuclear RNA and mRNA degradation associated	Homo sapiens	99-104
1519464-7	1992	The TBG response of the GH-treated Hx rats, which is strongly resistant to inhibition by T3, might involve deshomeostasis of GH-controlled functions not necessarily linked to the thyroid, e.g. the pancreatic functions regulating carbohydrate or lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	229-241	serpin family A member 7	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
34443347-2	2021	The alpha-Glucosidase enzyme is present in the small intestine and is responsible for the breakdown of carbohydrates into sugars.	Carbohydrates	103-116	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	4-21
34286515-3	2021	A recently discovered protein - resistin (ADSF, FIZZ3) - whose expression is increased in carbohydrate metabolism and adipose tissue disorders, seems to be worth of interest in this context.	Carbohydrates	90-102	resistin	Homo sapiens	32-40
34286515-3	2021	A recently discovered protein - resistin (ADSF, FIZZ3) - whose expression is increased in carbohydrate metabolism and adipose tissue disorders, seems to be worth of interest in this context.	Carbohydrates	90-102	resistin	Homo sapiens	42-46
34286515-3	2021	A recently discovered protein - resistin (ADSF, FIZZ3) - whose expression is increased in carbohydrate metabolism and adipose tissue disorders, seems to be worth of interest in this context.	Carbohydrates	90-102	resistin	Homo sapiens	48-53
1728838-4	1992	In addition, neuropeptide Y specifically increases carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	51-63	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	13-27
19796822-1	2009	Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a circulating pattern recognition molecule involved in the innate immune system that mediates phagocytosis and activates complement by binding to a carbohydrate extremity.	Carbohydrates	180-192	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	24-27
1728844-1	1992	Final digestion and absorption of carbohydrates (CHO) occur after intraluminal hydrolysis by pancreatic alpha-amylase at the surface of the mucosal membrane in close relationship between disaccharide hydrolysis and the glucalogue carrier system.	Carbohydrates	34-47	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	93-117
19405040-4	2009	Glucaffect provides potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitors of herbal source such Pycnogenol, Madeglucyl and various others which obstruct absorption of carbohydrates, such as starch.	Carbohydrates	149-162	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	27-44
1381598-5	1992	The neural cell adhesion molecule, NCAM, is probably the best described CAM, and this molecule exhibits special carbohydrate characteristics, e.g. NCAM is polysialylated.	Carbohydrates	112-124	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	35-39
1303897-0	1992	Novel saccharide ligands for serum amyloid P component.	Carbohydrates	6-16	amyloid P component, serum	Homo sapiens	29-54
34194558-2	2021	Uncarboxylated osteocalcin (unOC), a vitamin K-dependent bone protein, is known to regulate carbohydrate and energy metabolism.	Carbohydrates	92-104	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein 2	Mus musculus	15-26
34252459-6	2021	Meanwhile, SCARA4, a SR-A member with a carbohydrate recognition domain instead of the SRCR domain at the C-terminus, shows low affinity for modified LDL and VLDL, but binds in a Ca2+-independent manner.	Carbohydrates	40-52	macrophage scavenger receptor 1	Homo sapiens	21-25
34289902-5	2021	The levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) indicated a trend towards significance across tertiles of total dietary carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	129-141	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	14-48
34289902-5	2021	The levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) indicated a trend towards significance across tertiles of total dietary carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	129-141	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	50-55
19883596-1	2009	Cyanovirin-N (CVN) is a highly potent anti-HIV carbohydrate-binding agent that establishes its microbicide activity through interaction with mannose-rich glycoprotein gp120 on the virion surface.	Carbohydrates	47-59	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	167-172
34298981-2	2021	Three PPAR isotypes, alpha (NRC1C1), beta or delta (NRC1C2) and gamma (NRC1C3), have been identified.&nbsp;After activation through ligand binding, PPARs heterodimerize with the 9-cis-retinoic acid receptor (RXR), another nuclear hormone receptor, to bind to specific PPAR-responsive elements in regulatory regions of target genes mainly involved in organogenesis, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, inflammation and metabolism of lipids or carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	448-461	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	6-10
34298981-2	2021	Three PPAR isotypes, alpha (NRC1C1), beta or delta (NRC1C2) and gamma (NRC1C3), have been identified.&nbsp;After activation through ligand binding, PPARs heterodimerize with the 9-cis-retinoic acid receptor (RXR), another nuclear hormone receptor, to bind to specific PPAR-responsive elements in regulatory regions of target genes mainly involved in organogenesis, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, inflammation and metabolism of lipids or carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	448-461	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	268-272
1730763-0	1992	The HB-6, CDw75, and CD76 differentiation antigens are unique cell-surface carbohydrate determinants generated by the beta-galactoside alpha 2,6-sialyltransferase.	Carbohydrates	75-87	keratin 86	Homo sapiens	4-8
19726594-0	2009	Fat and carbohydrate intake modify the association between genetic variation in the FTO genotype and obesity.	Carbohydrates	8-20	FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	84-87
1772651-10	1991	Among various unlabelled subepithelial matrix proteins and carbohydrates tested (in 10(4)-fold excess) only fibronectin and fibrinogen caused a moderate inhibition of 125I-HLf binding.	Carbohydrates	59-72	HLF transcription factor, PAR bZIP family member	Homo sapiens	172-175
34137422-4	2021	More importantly, highly ordered glycoadjuvant patterns could be easily formed by catechol-driven self-assembly under confinement, which exhibit a higher SERS signal amplification ability for the detection of carbohydrates (glycoadjuvant).	Carbohydrates	209-222	seryl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	154-158
19874051-2	2009	Through boronate formation, the carbohydrate moiety within the constant domain, Fc, of the antibody can be specifically and covalently linked to a boronic acid-functionalized MNP (BA@MNP) without hindering the antigen binding domain, Fab.	Carbohydrates	32-44	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	234-237
34203067-5	2021	Among these, carbohydrate catabolic process-related genes (PPP1R3B, PRPS2, ALDOC), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and lipolysis-related genes (PLIN1) were upregulated, while the carbohydrate biosynthetic process-related genes (PCK1) and most amino acid metabolism-related genes were downregulated.	Carbohydrates	13-25	aldolase, fructose-bisphosphate C	Sus scrofa	75-80
34069672-5	2021	Patients in tertiles indicative of high carbohydrate or low carbohydrate intake showed significant alteration of clinical parameters, such as hemoglobin, uric acid, albumin, total proteins, beta-2 microglobulin, percentage of plasmacytes in the bone marrow and D-dimers, compared to patients in the medium carbohydrate intake tertile.	Carbohydrates	40-52	beta-2-microglobulin	Homo sapiens	190-210
34069672-5	2021	Patients in tertiles indicative of high carbohydrate or low carbohydrate intake showed significant alteration of clinical parameters, such as hemoglobin, uric acid, albumin, total proteins, beta-2 microglobulin, percentage of plasmacytes in the bone marrow and D-dimers, compared to patients in the medium carbohydrate intake tertile.	Carbohydrates	60-72	beta-2-microglobulin	Homo sapiens	190-210
34068143-8	2021	Furthermore, TIME subtypes exhibited a distinct genetic and transcriptional feature: type III was observed to have the highest mutation rate (77.92%), while co-mutations patterns were characteristic in type I, and the PD-L1 positive subgroup showed higher carbohydrates, lipids, and xenobiotics metabolism compared to others.	Carbohydrates	256-269	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	218-223
1724918-1	1991	Several mammalian alpha(1,3)fucosyltransferases (alpha[1,3]Fuc-T) that synthesize carbohydrates containing alpha(1,3)fucosylated lactosamine units have been identified.	Carbohydrates	82-95	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	18-27
1724918-1	1991	Several mammalian alpha(1,3)fucosyltransferases (alpha[1,3]Fuc-T) that synthesize carbohydrates containing alpha(1,3)fucosylated lactosamine units have been identified.	Carbohydrates	82-95	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	107-116
1724918-4	1991	Like LEC12, both mutants possess an N-ethylmaleimide-resistant alpha(1,3)Fuc-T activity that can utilize a variety of acceptors and both express the Lewis X (Lex) determinant (Gal beta[1,4](Fuc alpha[1,3])GlcNAc beta 1)) but not the sialyl alpha(2,3)Lex determinant on cell-surface carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	282-295	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	63-72
19823749-3	2009	Our data indicate that hGal-1, similar to some plant lectins, a bacterial lectin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and an animal lectin from Helix pomatia, possesses dual functions binding to both carbohydrate and non-carbohydrate ligands.	Carbohydrates	212-224	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	23-29
1817798-5	1991	This M-protein may recognize carbohydrate epitope including sialic acid.	Carbohydrates	29-41	myomesin 2	Homo sapiens	5-14
34179785-2	2021	The interaction of human galectin-8 and its two separate N-terminal and C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD) to their natural ligands has been analysed using a synergistic combination of experimental NMR and ITC methods, and molecular dynamics simulations.	Carbohydrates	83-95	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	25-35
19410299-3	2009	In this study, the encoding nucleotide for the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of porcine dectin-1 was sequenced for the first time, and the immunomodulatory functions of a synthetic particulate beta-glucan (p-beta-glucan) were examined.	Carbohydrates	47-59	C-type lectin domain containing 7A	Homo sapiens	96-104
35460631-1	2022	Carbon monoxide (CO), a member of the multifunctional gasotransmitters family produced by heme oxygenases (i.e., HO-1 and HO-2), has received significant attention because of its involvement in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	194-206	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	113-117
35411365-6	2022	Carbohydrates and amino acids showed moderate to strong correlations with daf-2 and akt-1 (negative), as well as daf-16, sod-3, hsp-16.2, and hsf-1 (positive).	Carbohydrates	0-13	Fork-head domain-containing protein;Forkhead box protein O	Caenorhabditis elegans	113-119
35411365-6	2022	Carbohydrates and amino acids showed moderate to strong correlations with daf-2 and akt-1 (negative), as well as daf-16, sod-3, hsp-16.2, and hsf-1 (positive).	Carbohydrates	0-13	Heat shock transcription factor hsf-1	Caenorhabditis elegans	142-147
1771945-1	1991	The alpha-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose induces a reversible delay of carbohydrate digestion.	Carbohydrates	71-83	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	4-21
19365705-7	2009	Since an excellent review on the structure and the role of the carbohydrate in IgA molecules was recently published by Narita et al.	Carbohydrates	63-75	immunoglobulin heavy variable 4-38-2-like	Homo sapiens	79-82
1719556-0	1991	Structural requirements for the carbohydrate ligand of E-selectin.	Carbohydrates	32-44	selectin E	Homo sapiens	55-65
35416329-1	2022	In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the transcription factor GCR1 plays a vital role in carbohydrate metabolism and in the current study we tried to elucidate its role in lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	81-93	transcription regulator GCR1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	54-58
35614848-0	2022	Carbohydrate quantity is more closely associated with glycaemic control than weight in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes; insights from the Diabetes and Pre-eclampsia Intervention Trial (DAPIT).	Carbohydrates	0-12	ATP synthase membrane subunit k	Homo sapiens	189-194
1719556-4	1991	We report here a more detailed investigation into the minimum structural requirements for carbohydrate recognition by E-selectin.	Carbohydrates	90-102	selectin E	Homo sapiens	118-128
19762259-0	2009	InCa-SiteFinder: a method for structure-based prediction of inositol and carbohydrate binding sites on proteins.	Carbohydrates	73-85	caspase recruitment domain family member 17	Homo sapiens	0-4
1718585-1	1991	The breast cancer-associated epitope (mammary serum antigen or MSA) defined by monoclonal antibody (Mab) 3E1.2 is a neuraminidase-sensitive carbohydrate expressed on MUC-1-encoded molecules.	Carbohydrates	140-152	RNA, U105B small nucleolar	Homo sapiens	106-110
35554558-4	2022	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between carbohydrate quality (glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL)), fiber intake (total, legume, vegetable, cruciferous vegetable, fruit, cereal), and gluten intake and incident laparoscopically-confirmed endometriosis.	Carbohydrates	50-62	G protein subunit alpha i1	Homo sapiens	88-90
35448763-1	2022	Sucrose synthase (SuSy) and fructokinase (FRK) work together to control carbohydrate flux in sink tissues.	Carbohydrates	72-84	fructokinase	Solanum lycopersicum	28-40
35448763-1	2022	Sucrose synthase (SuSy) and fructokinase (FRK) work together to control carbohydrate flux in sink tissues.	Carbohydrates	72-84	fructokinase	Solanum lycopersicum	42-45
19762259-2	2009	In this paper we present a new method called InCa-SiteFinder for predicting non-covalent inositol and carbohydrate binding sites on the surface of protein structures.	Carbohydrates	102-114	caspase recruitment domain family member 17	Homo sapiens	45-49
1760991-3	1991	hPL has a direct somatotropic effect on fetal tissues, it alters maternal carbohydrate and lipid metabolism to provide for fetal nutrient requirements, and aids in stimulation of mammary cell proliferation.	Carbohydrates	74-86	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
19748674-3	2009	Here, we report the crystal structure of the chP3 Fab and its computer-docking model with the trisaccharide NeuGcalpha3Galbeta4Glcbeta, which represents the carbohydrate moiety of the tumor-antigen NeuGc-GM3.	Carbohydrates	157-169	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	50-53
1725246-1	1991	Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against carbohydrate epitopes of gp120 have recently been found to inhibit HIV infection of lymphocytes in vitro thereby opening new possibilities for vaccine considerations.	Carbohydrates	37-49	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	62-67
1656521-2	1991	In this study we compared the efficacy of a "musli" with the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor miglitol in delaying the resorption of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	128-141	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	61-78
35306726-0	2022	Expression of AtWRI1 and AtDGAT1 during soybean embryo development influences oil and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	86-98	membrane bound O-acyl transferase (MBOAT) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	25-32
19775369-1	2009	The mannose-binding lectin (MBL) pathway of complement system is activated when carbohydrate-bound MBL forms complexes with different serine proteases (MASP-1, MASP-2 and MASP-3), among which MASP-2 has a predominant functional role.	Carbohydrates	80-92	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	4-26
35268098-1	2022	The complexity of the carbohydrate structure is associated with post-prandial glucose response and diverse health benefits.	Carbohydrates	22-34	solute carrier family 35 member G1	Homo sapiens	64-68
1656521-9	1991	In cases of non-acceptance of a modern diet with slowly resorbable carbohydrates, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors may be a therapeutic alternative.	Carbohydrates	67-80	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	82-99
19675890-1	2009	Upon treatment with SmI(2), the carbohydrate-derived nitrones 1a,b undergo a beta-elimination of the benzyloxy group at C-1, forming original samarium(III) oxy-enamine intermediates.	Carbohydrates	32-44	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C	Homo sapiens	120-123
1716182-0	1991	The neutrophil selectin LECAM-1 presents carbohydrate ligands to the vascular selectins ELAM-1 and GMP-140.	Carbohydrates	41-53	selectin L	Homo sapiens	24-31
1716182-0	1991	The neutrophil selectin LECAM-1 presents carbohydrate ligands to the vascular selectins ELAM-1 and GMP-140.	Carbohydrates	41-53	selectin E	Homo sapiens	88-94
1716182-0	1991	The neutrophil selectin LECAM-1 presents carbohydrate ligands to the vascular selectins ELAM-1 and GMP-140.	Carbohydrates	41-53	selectin P	Homo sapiens	99-106
35235554-7	2022	These findings shed new light on Hxk2 dynamics and highlight how allosteric changes can influence catalysis, providing new structural insights into this critical regulator of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	175-187	hexokinase 2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	33-37
19605566-0	2009	Novel variants at KCTD10, MVK, and MMAB genes interact with dietary carbohydrates to modulate HDL-cholesterol concentrations in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network Study.	Carbohydrates	68-81	metabolism of cobalamin associated B	Homo sapiens	35-39
35235783-8	2022	Our findings imply that local manipulation of BMP signal strength may be used to reset the enterocyte "rheostat" of carbohydrate versus lipid uptake and to control the antimicrobial response through goblet cells.	Carbohydrates	116-128	bone morphogenetic protein 1	Homo sapiens	46-49
1959027-4	1991	Finally, NPY has a remarkably potent stimulatory effect on feeding behavior, which is characterized by a selective increase in carbohydrate ingestion that is strongest at the beginning of the active feeding cycle and is dependent upon circulating levels of corticosterone.	Carbohydrates	127-139	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	9-12
19605566-10	2009	Significant gene-diet interactions for HDL cholesterol were found (P &lt; 0.001-0.038), in which GG subjects at SNPs KCTD10_i5642G--&gt;C and MMAB_3U3527G--&gt;C and C allele carriers at SNP KCTD10_V206VT--&gt;C had lower concentrations only if they consumed diets with a high carbohydrate content (P &lt; 0.001-0.011).	Carbohydrates	277-289	metabolism of cobalamin associated B	Homo sapiens	142-146
19605566-11	2009	CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the KCTD10 (V206VT--&gt;C and i5642G--&gt;C) and MMAB_3U3527G--&gt;C variants may contribute to the variation in HDL-cholesterol concentrations, particularly in subjects with high carbohydrate intakes.	Carbohydrates	220-232	metabolism of cobalamin associated B	Homo sapiens	89-93
1908095-5	1991	The inactivation of the alpha 1,3GT gene in ancestral catarrhines was probably the result of an intensive evolutionary pressure for alteration in the makeup of cell surface carbohydrates (i.e., suppression of alpha-galactosyl epitope expression) and for the production of the anti-Gal antibody.	Carbohydrates	173-186	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	24-35
35119682-3	2022	Glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) are values given to foods based on how fast the body converts carbohydrates into glucose also referred to as the glycemic burden of carbohydrates from foods.	Carbohydrates	105-118	G protein subunit alpha i1	Homo sapiens	16-18
35119682-3	2022	Glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) are values given to foods based on how fast the body converts carbohydrates into glucose also referred to as the glycemic burden of carbohydrates from foods.	Carbohydrates	175-188	G protein subunit alpha i1	Homo sapiens	16-18
35119682-15	2022	These data indicate dietary interventions designed for focusing carbohydrate quality by lowering both GI and GL are recommended for preventing CVD outcomes across all populations.	Carbohydrates	64-76	G protein subunit alpha i1	Homo sapiens	102-104
19700678-1	2009	The nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) have been shown to play crucial roles in regulating energy homeostasis including lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, inflammatory responses, and cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival.	Carbohydrates	154-166	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	12-55
35145049-0	2022	Mannose-binding lectin conjugated to quantum dots as fluorescent nanotools for carbohydrate tracing.	Carbohydrates	79-91	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-22
19700678-1	2009	The nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) have been shown to play crucial roles in regulating energy homeostasis including lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, inflammatory responses, and cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival.	Carbohydrates	154-166	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	57-61
1713710-1	1991	The 2.05 angstrom (A) resolution crystal structure of a dodecasaccharide-Fab complex revealed an unusual carbohydrate recognition site, defined by aromatic amino acids and a structured water molecule, rather than the carboxylic acid and amide side chains and a structured water molecule, rather than the carboxylic acid and amide side chains that are features of transport and other carbohydrate binding proteins.	Carbohydrates	105-117	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	73-76
19666523-3	2009	Antisera to SREBP-1 were used with liver chromatin from mice fed a high-carbohydrate diet after a fast, which leads to superinduction of hepatic SREBP-1c expression.	Carbohydrates	72-84	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	12-19
1713710-1	1991	The 2.05 angstrom (A) resolution crystal structure of a dodecasaccharide-Fab complex revealed an unusual carbohydrate recognition site, defined by aromatic amino acids and a structured water molecule, rather than the carboxylic acid and amide side chains and a structured water molecule, rather than the carboxylic acid and amide side chains that are features of transport and other carbohydrate binding proteins.	Carbohydrates	383-395	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	73-76
19666523-3	2009	Antisera to SREBP-1 were used with liver chromatin from mice fed a high-carbohydrate diet after a fast, which leads to superinduction of hepatic SREBP-1c expression.	Carbohydrates	72-84	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	145-153
2026584-0	1991	Localization of the carbohydrate response element of the rat L-type pyruvate kinase gene.	Carbohydrates	20-32	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	61-83
19666523-9	2009	SREBP-1 bound not only to many well-characterized SREBP-1 target genes but to several other previously unknown targets in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism as well as many putative target genes in other diverse biological pathways.	Carbohydrates	132-144	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	0-7
2026584-2	1991	Transcription of the L-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK) gene in rat liver is induced by feeding a carbohydrate-rich diet.	Carbohydrates	93-105	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	21-43
2026584-2	1991	Transcription of the L-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK) gene in rat liver is induced by feeding a carbohydrate-rich diet.	Carbohydrates	93-105	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	45-49
19442736-2	2009	When Galgt2, the glycosyltransferase that creates the synaptic beta1,4GalNAc portion of this glycan, is overexpressed in extrasynaptic regions of the myofiber membrane, alpha dystroglycan becomes glycosylated with the CT carbohydrate and this coincides with the ectopic expression of synaptic dystroglycan-binding proteins, including laminin alpha4, laminin alpha5, and utrophin.	Carbohydrates	221-233	beta-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyl transferase 2	Mus musculus	5-11
2026584-8	1991	Carbohydrate regulation of the L-PK promoter was retained with 5"-deletions to -197, but constructs deleted to -96 were completely unresponsive.	Carbohydrates	0-12	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	31-35
2026584-9	1991	The 101-base pair fragment from -197 to -96 of the L-PK gene can confer carbohydrate regulation when fused in either orientation to the heterologous thymidine kinase promoter, thus defining a carbohydrate response element in this region.	Carbohydrates	72-84	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	51-55
2026584-9	1991	The 101-base pair fragment from -197 to -96 of the L-PK gene can confer carbohydrate regulation when fused in either orientation to the heterologous thymidine kinase promoter, thus defining a carbohydrate response element in this region.	Carbohydrates	192-204	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	51-55
2026584-10	1991	Expression of the transfected gene was regulated by insulin and glucagon in a pattern similar to that seen for the endogenous L-PK gene, suggesting that control of L-PK promoter activity was responsible for carbohydrate-mediated changes in L-PK mRNA production.	Carbohydrates	207-219	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	126-130
2026584-10	1991	Expression of the transfected gene was regulated by insulin and glucagon in a pattern similar to that seen for the endogenous L-PK gene, suggesting that control of L-PK promoter activity was responsible for carbohydrate-mediated changes in L-PK mRNA production.	Carbohydrates	207-219	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	164-168
2026584-10	1991	Expression of the transfected gene was regulated by insulin and glucagon in a pattern similar to that seen for the endogenous L-PK gene, suggesting that control of L-PK promoter activity was responsible for carbohydrate-mediated changes in L-PK mRNA production.	Carbohydrates	207-219	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	164-168
19442736-3	2009	Here we show that both synaptic and extrasynaptic forms of laminin and agrin have increased binding to the CT carbohydrate compared to sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine, its extrasynaptically expressed precursor.	Carbohydrates	110-122	agrin	Mus musculus	71-76
19442736-7	2009	These experiments demonstrate that overexpression of a synaptic carbohydrate can increase both ECM binding to alpha dystroglycan and ECM expression in skeletal muscle, and they suggest a mechanism by which Galgt2 overexpression may inhibit muscular dystrophy and affect neuromuscular development.	Carbohydrates	64-76	beta-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyl transferase 2	Mus musculus	206-212
1897978-5	1991	To investigate the role of carbohydrate moieties of hGM-CSF, we isolated each form of hGM-CSF and examined its biological properties.	Carbohydrates	27-39	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	52-59
19359410-1	2009	Endothelial sialomucin CD34 functions as an L-selectin ligand mediating lymphocyte extravasation only when properly glycosylated to express a sulfated carbohydrate epitope, 6-sulfo sialyl Lewis x (6-sulfo SLe(x)).	Carbohydrates	151-163	selectin L	Homo sapiens	44-54
2060451-1	1991	OBJECTIVE: Miglitol, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, delays absorption of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	74-87	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	24-41
19505462-1	2009	The major side-effect of treatment with alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, flatulence, occurs when undigested carbohydrates are fermented by colonic bacteria, resulting in gas formation.	Carbohydrates	105-118	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	40-57
1709244-8	1991	In addition, normal lymphocytes and LAM-1+ CLL cells were capable of binding polyphosphomonester core polysaccharide (PPME) derived from yeast cell wall, a carbohydrate which mimics an essential component of the natural ligand for LAM-1, and PPME and HEV binding was specifically blocked by a new monoclonal antibody (mAb) reactive with LAM-1.	Carbohydrates	156-168	selectin L	Homo sapiens	36-41
19541632-9	2009	Because the catalytic activity of Gas1 is required for telomeric silencing, Gas1 localizes to the nuclear periphery, and Gas1 and Sir2 physically interact, we propose a model in which carbohydrate modification of chromatin components provides a new regulatory element that may be critical for chromatin function but which is virtually unexplored in the current landscape of chromatin analysis.	Carbohydrates	184-196	growth arrest specific 1	Homo sapiens	34-38
19541632-9	2009	Because the catalytic activity of Gas1 is required for telomeric silencing, Gas1 localizes to the nuclear periphery, and Gas1 and Sir2 physically interact, we propose a model in which carbohydrate modification of chromatin components provides a new regulatory element that may be critical for chromatin function but which is virtually unexplored in the current landscape of chromatin analysis.	Carbohydrates	184-196	growth arrest specific 1	Homo sapiens	76-80
1712068-11	1991	Carbohydrate analysis data of the whole Fel d I molecule showed the presence of a relatively high carbohydrate content (approximately 20%).	Carbohydrates	0-12	major allergen I polypeptide chain 2	Felis catus	40-47
19541632-9	2009	Because the catalytic activity of Gas1 is required for telomeric silencing, Gas1 localizes to the nuclear periphery, and Gas1 and Sir2 physically interact, we propose a model in which carbohydrate modification of chromatin components provides a new regulatory element that may be critical for chromatin function but which is virtually unexplored in the current landscape of chromatin analysis.	Carbohydrates	184-196	growth arrest specific 1	Homo sapiens	76-80
1712068-11	1991	Carbohydrate analysis data of the whole Fel d I molecule showed the presence of a relatively high carbohydrate content (approximately 20%).	Carbohydrates	98-110	major allergen I polypeptide chain 2	Felis catus	40-47
19419970-1	2009	Prolectin, a previously undescribed glycan-binding receptor, has been identified by re-screening of the human genome for genes encoding proteins containing potential C-type carbohydrate-recognition domains.	Carbohydrates	173-185	C-type lectin domain containing 17A	Homo sapiens	0-9
1708163-7	1991	Minimum energy conformation structures of different GalNAc alpha containing saccharide molecules were computer modelled to allow a plausible interpretation of the accessible site of GalNAc alpha for successful interaction with the H17 paratope as compared to other GalNAc alpha binding antibodies.	Carbohydrates	76-86	H1.7 linker histone	Homo sapiens	231-234
19299456-0	2009	The acid-labile subunit is required for full effects of exogenous growth hormone on growth and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	95-107	growth hormone	Mus musculus	66-80
2022338-10	1991	The C-terminal "carbohydrate-binding" domain (aa 115-250) shows homology to L-14, another galactoside-binding lectin.	Carbohydrates	16-28	ribosomal protein L14	Homo sapiens	76-80
19441783-1	2009	When saccharides bearing a sulfur, selenium, or oxygen substituent at the anomeric center and an unprotected hydroxyl group either at C-4 or C-6 were subjected to fluorination with DAST in dichloromethane, a regioselective migration of the anomeric substituent to the C-4 or C-6 position was observed.	Carbohydrates	5-16	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	134-137
1848008-1	1991	Pituitary growth hormone (GH) functions physiologically to oppose the actions of insulin on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism by interfering with metabolic events that occur after insulin binds to its receptor.	Carbohydrates	92-104	growth hormone	Mus musculus	10-24
19441783-1	2009	When saccharides bearing a sulfur, selenium, or oxygen substituent at the anomeric center and an unprotected hydroxyl group either at C-4 or C-6 were subjected to fluorination with DAST in dichloromethane, a regioselective migration of the anomeric substituent to the C-4 or C-6 position was observed.	Carbohydrates	5-16	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	268-271
19450255-5	2009	These genes mediate established Stat5 effects on cellular processes such as proliferation and cell death, as well as yet-unrelated homeostatic features, e.g. carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	158-170	signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A	Mus musculus	32-37
1672614-5	1991	These results suggest that proacrosin (Mr = 53,000-55,000), which contains both protein and carbohydrate moieties, results from the cellular processing of a proacrosin precursor molecule.	Carbohydrates	92-104	acrosin	Homo sapiens	27-37
1672614-5	1991	These results suggest that proacrosin (Mr = 53,000-55,000), which contains both protein and carbohydrate moieties, results from the cellular processing of a proacrosin precursor molecule.	Carbohydrates	92-104	acrosin	Homo sapiens	157-167
19416696-3	2009	Relative to the 0% carbohydrate (NC) diet, 15 (IC-15) and 25% (IC-25) carbohydrate containing diets significantly up-regulate MyoD and Myf5, but not Pax7, after 12 weeks of feeding.	Carbohydrates	70-82	myoblast determination protein 1 homolog 1	Oncorhynchus mykiss	126-130
1761015-6	1991	Carbohydrate oxidation rates (CHO(ox)) increased to 20.8 (SEM 1.4) mumol.kg-1.min-1 and lipid oxidation rates (Lox) decreased to 1.5 (SEM 0.3) mumol.kg-1.min-1 between 90 and 120 min after the beginning of glucose infusion and were not affected by atropine.	Carbohydrates	0-12	SEM1 26S proteasome subunit	Homo sapiens	58-63
19688976-4	2009	The aim of this study was to examine intracellular carbohydrate ligands of galectin-1 in the thyroid, with particular attention to potential differences in their expression levels between benign and malignant lesions.	Carbohydrates	51-63	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	75-85
2016266-2	1991	Among oligosaccharides released from the carbohydrate moieties of the glycoproteins by endo-beta-galactosidase, the major one with N-acetylgalactosamine at the non-reducing end was isolated by QAE-Sephadex A-25 column chromatography.	Carbohydrates	41-53	galactosidase, beta 1	Mus musculus	92-110
19211816-10	2009	CONCLUSION: Carbohydrate quality and quantity modified risk of T2D associated with TCF7L2, which suggests that changes in risk attributable to the TCF7L2 variant are magnified under conditions of increased insulin demand.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transcription factor 7 like 2	Homo sapiens	83-89
1979936-1	1990	The effect of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) on diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-initiated preneoplastic liver lesions with expression of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTase) and loss of adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) as well as alterations of hepatic carbohydrate metabolism in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats have been investigated.	Carbohydrates	250-262	gamma-glutamyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	162-168
1701274-0	1990	ELAM-1 mediates cell adhesion by recognition of a carbohydrate ligand, sialyl-Lex.	Carbohydrates	50-62	selectin E	Homo sapiens	0-6
1701274-2	1990	ELAM-1 is a member of the LEC-CAM or selectin family of adhesion molecules that contain a lectin motif thought to recognize carbohydrate ligands.	Carbohydrates	124-136	selectin E	Homo sapiens	0-6
19211816-10	2009	CONCLUSION: Carbohydrate quality and quantity modified risk of T2D associated with TCF7L2, which suggests that changes in risk attributable to the TCF7L2 variant are magnified under conditions of increased insulin demand.	Carbohydrates	12-24	transcription factor 7 like 2	Homo sapiens	147-153
1701274-3	1990	In this report, cell adhesion by ELAM-1 is shown to be mediated by a carbohydrate ligand, sialyl-Lewis X (SLex; NeuAc alpha 2,3Gal beta 1,4(Fuc alpha 1,3)-GlcNAc-), a terminal structure found on cell-surface glycoprotein and glycolipid carbohydrate groups of neutrophils.	Carbohydrates	69-81	selectin E	Homo sapiens	33-39
19224977-8	2009	Geometric mean leptin was 8% lower on the protein diet than on the carbohydrate diet (P = 0.003).	Carbohydrates	67-79	leptin	Homo sapiens	15-21
1698930-1	1990	The monoclonal L5 antibody reacts with an N-glycosidically linked carbohydrate structure which is present on the neural cell adhesion molecule L1, neural chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, and other not yet identified glycosylated proteins.	Carbohydrates	66-78	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	113-145
18835207-0	2009	Effects of intermittent high-intensity exercise and carbohydrate supplementation on IGF-1 and glycogen of Wistar rats.	Carbohydrates	52-64	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	84-89
1700505-8	1990	Nevertheless, purified RBC and lymphocytes absorbed human anti-gp115/135, suggesting that human natural antibodies recognize the same or crossreactive carbohydrate determinants expressed on the surface of a variety of cells.	Carbohydrates	151-163	contactin 1	Homo sapiens	63-72
2168959-4	1990	Treatment of AcPVR-infected cells with tunicamycin revealed that the PVR is a glycoprotein containing N-glycosidic linkages and that carbohydrate accounts for nearly 50% of its molecular weight as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.	Carbohydrates	133-145	PVR cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	15-18
19410978-0	2009	Carbohydrate restriction (with or without additional dietary cholesterol provided by eggs) reduces insulin resistance and plasma leptin without modifying appetite hormones in adult men.	Carbohydrates	0-12	leptin	Homo sapiens	129-135
2167157-4	1990	Beside gangliosides, both antibodies recognized the carbohydrate determinant carried by glycophorin A on very rare Cad-positive human RBC; the structure of which is GalNAc beta 1----4(NeuAc alpha 2----3)Gal beta 1----3(NeuAc alpha 2---- 6)GalNAc alpha 1----Ser/Thr.	Carbohydrates	52-64	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	115-118
2167157-5	1990	From these findings, it is clear that monoclonal antibodies 2A3D2 and 2D11E2 both recognize the nonreduced carbohydrate terminus composed of three sugar residues, GalNac beta 1----4(NeuAc alpha 2----3)Gal beta 1----R, and are useful for detecting the Cad-related antigen in cells and tissues.	Carbohydrates	107-119	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	251-254
18599063-0	2009	Carbohydrate intake modifies associations between ANGPTL4[E40K] genotype and HDL-cholesterol concentrations in White men from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.	Carbohydrates	0-12	angiopoietin like 4	Homo sapiens	50-57
1369299-8	1990	HAF was stable from pH 6 to 8 at 37 degrees C and up to 40 degrees C at pH 8.0 and the aggregation activity of HAF was maximum around pH 8 at 30 degrees C. The activity was not influenced by some saccharides, but it was inhibited by EDTA and EGTA: moreover HAF activity was restored by the addition of calcium ions.	Carbohydrates	196-207	coagulation factor XII	Rattus norvegicus	111-114
1369299-8	1990	HAF was stable from pH 6 to 8 at 37 degrees C and up to 40 degrees C at pH 8.0 and the aggregation activity of HAF was maximum around pH 8 at 30 degrees C. The activity was not influenced by some saccharides, but it was inhibited by EDTA and EGTA: moreover HAF activity was restored by the addition of calcium ions.	Carbohydrates	196-207	coagulation factor XII	Rattus norvegicus	111-114
18780155-11	2009	The study results show that the cat is a natural model for GCKR knockout and may be useful to study regulation of GCKR expression and its role in hepatic glucose-sensing and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	174-186	glucokinase regulator	Homo sapiens	114-118
2358462-3	1990	The sequence was highly homologous with that of the rat liver asialoglycoprotein receptor (rat hepatic lectin, RHL), particularly that of RHL-1 (the major form of RHL), throughout its whole length, and especially so in its putative membrane-spanning region and carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	261-273	hes family bHLH transcription factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	111-114
19084848-6	2009	On multivariate regression analysis each 1 kg/m(2) of body mass index gain per year was associated with a -0.011 ng/ml change in prostate specific antigen concentration, a -0.030 ng/ml change in carcinoembryonic antigen concentration and a -0.192 IU/ml change in carbohydrate antigen 19-9 concentration per year.	Carbohydrates	263-275	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	129-154
1696497-0	1990	Human splenic galaptin: carbohydrate-binding specificity and characterization of the combining site.	Carbohydrates	24-36	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	14-22
1696497-2	1990	The carbohydrate-binding specificity of galaptin has been investigated by analyzing the binding of galaptin to asialofetuin in the presence of putative inhibitors.	Carbohydrates	4-16	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	40-48
19106304-4	2009	Here, we present the design, construction and in vivo application of carbohydrate-functionalized nanoparticles that allow direct detection of endothelial markers E-/P-selectin (CD62E/CD62P) in acute inflammation.	Carbohydrates	69-81	selectin P	Homo sapiens	183-188
19295193-1	2009	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of the Trp64Arg polymorphism in the beta 3-adrenoreceptor gene on adipocytokines, insulin resistance and weight loss secondary to a low fat versus a low carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	193-205	adrenoceptor beta 3	Homo sapiens	76-97
2114991-7	1990	We would like to propose that the lower body weight in smokers is related to the paradoxical response of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase to carbohydrate and that the reversal of this behaviour contributes to the weight gain often observed after cessation of smoking.	Carbohydrates	142-154	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	120-138
19372729-1	2009	Polysialic acid (PSA) is a large carbohydrate added post-translationally to the extracellular domain of the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM) that influences its adhesive and other functional properties.	Carbohydrates	33-45	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	108-137
2335819-3	1990	Endoglycosidase analysis of the carbohydrate composition of purified viral gp120 (vgp120) indicated a glycosylation pattern similar to that for recombinant gp120 (rgp120), and treatment with endoglycosidase F-N-glycanase resulted in comparable molecular weight (MW) reduction for both molecules.	Carbohydrates	32-44	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	75-80
2109157-5	1990	The point of attachment and the structure of the carbohydrate moiety of the rIL2 was determined by: amino-terminal sequencing and fingerprint analysis of the 3H-labelled rIL2, mass spectroscopy of the amino-terminal tryptic octapeptide, and carbohydrate analysis after enzymatic (Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase and Aspergillus oryzae beta-galactosidase) or sulfuric acid hydrolysis.	Carbohydrates	49-61	interleukin 2	Rattus norvegicus	76-80
19372729-1	2009	Polysialic acid (PSA) is a large carbohydrate added post-translationally to the extracellular domain of the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM) that influences its adhesive and other functional properties.	Carbohydrates	33-45	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	139-143
2109157-5	1990	The point of attachment and the structure of the carbohydrate moiety of the rIL2 was determined by: amino-terminal sequencing and fingerprint analysis of the 3H-labelled rIL2, mass spectroscopy of the amino-terminal tryptic octapeptide, and carbohydrate analysis after enzymatic (Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase and Aspergillus oryzae beta-galactosidase) or sulfuric acid hydrolysis.	Carbohydrates	49-61	interleukin 2	Rattus norvegicus	170-174
19199993-1	2009	Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors are marketed as therapeutic drugs for diabetes that act through the inhibition of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	111-123	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	0-17
18951188-2	2009	Seven different protein-carbohydrate linkages have been characterized on nuclear and cytoplasmic glycoproteins, the most widespread of which is the modification of Ser/Thr residues with monosaccharides of O-linked beta-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc).	Carbohydrates	24-36	O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase	Homo sapiens	240-248
2105255-1	1990	Age-specific changes in glycosylation of rat intestinal lactase-phlorizin hydrolase were analyzed using enzyme immunoprecipitated from microvillus membranes of suckling, weaning, and adult rats, and carbohydrate moieties were examined by lectin affinity binding, metabolic labeling, and neuraminidase treatment.	Carbohydrates	199-211	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	56-83
1688857-0	1990	The oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein belongs to a distinct family of proteins and contains the HNK-1 carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	104-116	oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	4-39
1688857-6	1990	In addition, we report that a subpopulation of OMgp molecules contains the HNK-1 carbohydrate, which has been shown to mediate interactions among cells in the central nervous system.	Carbohydrates	81-93	oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	47-51
19152248-3	2009	The precipitate of carbohydrate content after binding of PHA with purified PSA of PC was significantly higher than that of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and/or normal serum PSA.	Carbohydrates	19-31	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	75-78
2136346-1	1990	Peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase F(PNGase F) from Flavobacterium meningosepticum is a highly useful enzyme for the structural analysis of N (asparagine)-linked carbohydrate chains derived from glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	185-197	N-glycanase 1	Homo sapiens	60-66
19152248-5	2009	The cut off value &gt; or = 10 microg/ml of the carbohydrate content of PHA-PSA precipitate indicates strong suspicion for PC irrespective of total serum PSA cut off level &gt; or = 4.0 ng/ml by conventional immunoassay method and this may be taken as a guideline in differentiating PC and BPH.	Carbohydrates	48-60	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	76-79
18687786-2	2008	The metabolic role of insulin in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism is extensively studied.	Carbohydrates	33-45	preproinsulin	Danio rerio	22-29
33588023-5	2021	In mammals, the main physiological role for leptin is its involvement in the maintenance of energy balance by decreasing food intake and increasing energy expenditure, although a wide variety of actions have been attributed to this hormone (e.g., regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, reproduction and immune functions).	Carbohydrates	271-283	leptin	Homo sapiens	44-50
30862833-9	2019	Furthermore, some Kub proteins involved in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, including FBPase, FBA and GAD1, might promote sucrose, fructose and GABA accumulation in tea leaves under drought stress.	Carbohydrates	43-55	F-box protein 3	Homo sapiens	101-104
18064431-2	2008	We have previously demonstrated that carbohydrate-dependent binding of galectin-2 induces apoptosis in activated T cells.	Carbohydrates	37-49	lectin, galactose-binding, soluble 2	Mus musculus	71-81
7479385-0	1995	Molecular mass and carbohydrate structure of prostate specific antigen: studies for establishment of an international PSA standard.	Carbohydrates	19-31	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	45-70
7479385-4	1995	The predominant PSA molecular species detected by ISMS was at relative molecular mass (M(r)) of 28,430, indicating that PSA contains a carbohydrate residue of M(r) 2,351, for a total percentage of carbohydrate of 8.3%.	Carbohydrates	135-147	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	16-19
7479385-4	1995	The predominant PSA molecular species detected by ISMS was at relative molecular mass (M(r)) of 28,430, indicating that PSA contains a carbohydrate residue of M(r) 2,351, for a total percentage of carbohydrate of 8.3%.	Carbohydrates	135-147	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	120-123
7479385-4	1995	The predominant PSA molecular species detected by ISMS was at relative molecular mass (M(r)) of 28,430, indicating that PSA contains a carbohydrate residue of M(r) 2,351, for a total percentage of carbohydrate of 8.3%.	Carbohydrates	197-209	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	16-19
18573502-3	2008	In contrast, the involvement of the selectins, L-selectin, E- and P-selectin and their respective carbohydrate ligands such as P-selectin glycoprotein (PSGL)-1 in this process has been controversially discussed.	Carbohydrates	98-110	selectin, platelet (p-selectin) ligand	Mus musculus	127-159
7479385-4	1995	The predominant PSA molecular species detected by ISMS was at relative molecular mass (M(r)) of 28,430, indicating that PSA contains a carbohydrate residue of M(r) 2,351, for a total percentage of carbohydrate of 8.3%.	Carbohydrates	197-209	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	120-123
7479385-6	1995	The complete primary structure of the PSA carbohydrate chain was determined by NMR spectroscopy in combination with carbohydrate composition analysis.	Carbohydrates	42-54	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	38-41
7479385-7	1995	The experimentally determined carbohydrate content of PSA confirms that only one N-glycosylation site is occupied in the protein.	Carbohydrates	30-42	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	54-57
7479385-10	1995	The calculated molecular weight of this carbohydrate structure (M(r) 2,351.8) is in excellent agreement with the predicted molecular weight of the carbohydrate group, based on the M(r) 28,430 for PSA measured by ion spray mass spectrometry and M(r) 26,079 calculated from the consensus sequence for the peptide portion of the molecule.	Carbohydrates	40-52	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	196-199
7479385-10	1995	The calculated molecular weight of this carbohydrate structure (M(r) 2,351.8) is in excellent agreement with the predicted molecular weight of the carbohydrate group, based on the M(r) 28,430 for PSA measured by ion spray mass spectrometry and M(r) 26,079 calculated from the consensus sequence for the peptide portion of the molecule.	Carbohydrates	147-159	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	196-199
19076344-2	2008	Recent discoveries, however, including identification of beta-glucan receptors, such as dectin-1, have started to shed some light on the mechanisms underlying the properties of these carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	183-196	C-type lectin domain containing 7A	Homo sapiens	88-96
34748796-2	2022	In the domesticated silkworm Bombyx mori L., BmCTL10 gene encodes an immulectin containing two carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs).	Carbohydrates	95-107	C-type lectin 10	Bombyx mori	45-52
34675409-4	2022	A loss in C1GALT1 was found to result in the truncation of O-glycosylation on several glycoproteins with an enrichment of Tn carbohydrate antigen.	Carbohydrates	125-137	core 1 synthase, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	10-17
18925642-4	2008	The majority of hepatic glucose production in carbohydrate restricted subjects came from GNG(PEP).	Carbohydrates	46-58	progestagen associated endometrial protein	Homo sapiens	93-96
34960905-9	2021	Ta-AgNPs potentials were confirmed by in vitro antidiabetic activity to constrain carbohydrate digesting enzymes, mainly alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase, with a definite concentration of sample displaying 50% inhibition (IC50), which is about 43.94 and 48.5 mug/mL, respectively.	Carbohydrates	82-94	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	139-156
18925642-8	2008	However, the relationship between these two pathways is modified by carbohydrate restriction, suggesting an increased reliance of the hepatocyte on energy generated outside of the TCA cycle when GNG(PEP) is maximal.	Carbohydrates	68-80	progestagen associated endometrial protein	Homo sapiens	199-202
34823559-5	2021	Carbohydrate quality was determined by considering four criteria including: ratio of solid carbohydrates to total carbohydrates, dietary fiber intake, GI and the ratio of whole grains to total grains.	Carbohydrates	0-12	G protein subunit alpha i1	Homo sapiens	151-153
18941211-0	2008	Engineering antibody heavy chain CDR3 to create a phage display Fab library rich in antibodies that bind charged carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	113-126	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	64-67
18765640-3	2008	Here, we report that COUP-TFII expression is reduced in the pancreas and liver of mice refed with a carbohydrate-rich diet and in the pancreas and liver of hyperinsulinemic and hyperglycemic mice.	Carbohydrates	100-112	nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group F, member 2	Mus musculus	21-30
18669574-12	2008	The predicted targets for these miRNAs were involved in carbohydrate and energy metabolism, including starch synthase, invertase, malic enzyme and ATPase.	Carbohydrates	56-68	ATPase	Zea mays	147-153
34805272-1	2021	The alpha-gal epitope is a carbohydrate antigen which appeared early in mammalian evolution and is synthesized in large amounts by the glycosylation enzyme alpha1,3galactosyltransferase (alpha1,3GT) in non-primate mammals, lemurs, and New-World monkeys.	Carbohydrates	27-39	GLA	Sus scrofa	4-13
18555805-7	2008	A designer site III analog, featuring non-natural amino acids at terminal positions to decrease proteolysis and a blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration-enhancing carbohydrate moiety, proved to be full agonist to ObR, i.e., stimulated proliferation of different ObR-positive but not ObR-negative cells in the presence or absence of leptin.	Carbohydrates	162-174	leptin receptor	Homo sapiens	212-215
34795863-1	2021	Galectin-8 is a carbohydrate-binding protein that plays a crucial role in tumor progression and metastasis, antibacterial autophagy, modulation of the immune system, and bone remodeling.	Carbohydrates	16-28	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	0-10
18855625-6	2008	GPR40 family has provided an insight into regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in vertebrates and has further provided targets for the development of therapeutic agents useful for treating or preventing disorders such as Type-2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	56-68	free fatty acid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
34829605-3	2021	In humans three subtypes, PPARalpha, beta/delta, gamma, are encoded by different genes, show tissue-specific expression patterns, and contribute to the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms, of different cell functions, including proliferation, death, differentiation, and of processes, as inflammation, angiogenesis, immune response.	Carbohydrates	176-188	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	26-47
18556348-0	2008	Hepatic expression of the SPOT 14 (S14) paralog S14-related (Mid1 interacting protein) is regulated by dietary carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	111-123	Mid1 interacting protein 1 (gastrulation specific G12-like (zebrafish))	Mus musculus	48-59
34615429-11	2022	The relationship between carbohydrate quality and inflammatory potential of the diet and markers of inflammation may be modulated by leptin.	Carbohydrates	25-37	leptin	Homo sapiens	133-139
18556348-7	2008	Here, we report that hepatic S14-R mRNA levels increase with high-carbohydrate feeding in mice or within 2 h of treating cultured hepatocytes with elevated glucose.	Carbohydrates	66-78	Mid1 interacting protein 1 (gastrulation specific G12-like (zebrafish))	Mus musculus	29-34
18556348-8	2008	A potential carbohydrate response element (ChoRE) was identified at position -458 of the S14-R promoter.	Carbohydrates	12-24	Mid1 interacting protein 1 (gastrulation specific G12-like (zebrafish))	Mus musculus	89-94
18556348-12	2008	In conclusion, our results indicate that the S14-R gene is a glucose-responsive target of carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein/Mlx and suggest that the S14-R protein is a compensatory factor, at least partially responsible for the normal liver lipogenesis observed in the S14 null mouse.	Carbohydrates	90-102	Mid1 interacting protein 1 (gastrulation specific G12-like (zebrafish))	Mus musculus	45-50
34411978-1	2021	alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors, which can inhibit the digestion of carbohydrates into glucose, are one of important groups of anti-type 2 diabetic drugs.	Carbohydrates	65-78	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	0-17
18556348-12	2008	In conclusion, our results indicate that the S14-R gene is a glucose-responsive target of carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein/Mlx and suggest that the S14-R protein is a compensatory factor, at least partially responsible for the normal liver lipogenesis observed in the S14 null mouse.	Carbohydrates	90-102	MAX-like protein X	Mus musculus	138-141
18805809-8	2008	Taken together, our results indicate that a single endocrine pathway contributes to both lipid and carbohydrate catabolism in the Drosophila fat body.	Carbohydrates	99-111	fat	Drosophila melanogaster	141-144
18626086-2	2008	Administration of carbohydrates results in persistent hyperglycemia and impairs post-prandial down regulation of gluconeogenesis despite normal insulin secretion.	Carbohydrates	18-31	insulin	Bos taurus	144-151
34252591-5	2021	Distributions and impacts at community scales will depend on how resident ant communities respond to local abiotic conditions as well as availability of plant-based carbohydrate resources.	Carbohydrates	165-177	solute carrier family 25 member 6	Homo sapiens	74-77
34384849-2	2021	SPX inhibits food intake and regulates lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	50-62	spexin hormone	Mus musculus	0-3
18456665-3	2008	Galectin-8 (Gal-8), a tandem repeat galectin, has two distinct carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) that may cross-link cell surface counter receptors.	Carbohydrates	63-75	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	0-10
34498383-11	2021	G-CSF levels decreased during the remission phase (p < 0.05), and positively correlated with carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (p < 0.05) and gene mutation (p < 0.05).	Carbohydrates	93-105	colony stimulating factor 3	Homo sapiens	0-5
34684467-10	2021	Collectively, CF supplementation boosted the NAD metabolism that stimulates sirtuins metabolism and improved mitochondrial function, which likely contributed to the observed whole-body metabolism adaptation, with a greater ability to use carbohydrates, at least partially through Sirt3.	Carbohydrates	238-251	sirtuin 3	Mus musculus	280-285
18456665-3	2008	Galectin-8 (Gal-8), a tandem repeat galectin, has two distinct carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) that may cross-link cell surface counter receptors.	Carbohydrates	63-75	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	12-17
18606703-2	2008	Under inflammatory conditions, the vascular selectins, E- and P-selectin, are expressed on activated vessels and interact with carbohydrate-based ligands on the leukocyte surface.	Carbohydrates	127-139	selectin P	Homo sapiens	62-72
34579120-1	2021	The glycaemic index (GI) is a food metric that ranks the acute impact of available (digestible) carbohydrates on blood glucose.	Carbohydrates	96-109	G protein subunit alpha i1	Homo sapiens	21-23
34578981-9	2021	The current results validate the dietary strategy of incorporating innovative functional ingredients (beta-glucan, isomaltulose) and replacing Asian staples with alternative low GI carbohydrate sources to reduce daily glycemic load to improve glycemic control and variability as a viable alternative to the reduction in carbohydrate intake alone.	Carbohydrates	181-193	G protein subunit alpha i1	Homo sapiens	178-180
18668431-14	2008	One of the most interesting characteristics of P-gp/MDR1 is that its many substrates vary greatly in their structure and functionality, ranging from small molecules such as organic cations, carbohydrates, amino acids and some antibiotics to macromolecules such as polysaccharides and proteins.	Carbohydrates	190-203	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	47-51
34604014-16	2021	(2) Significantly lower apelin concentration in the PCOS group (>5 fold) than in the control group, associated with a concomitant increase in leptin, may also contribute to carbohydrate metabolism disorders occurring in the course of PCOS.	Carbohydrates	173-185	leptin	Homo sapiens	142-148
18223683-1	2008	Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a homodimeric prototype of the galectins with a single carbohydrate-recognition domain, was recently identified as being overexpressed in tumor-associated capillary endothelial cells.	Carbohydrates	75-87	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
18223683-1	2008	Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a homodimeric prototype of the galectins with a single carbohydrate-recognition domain, was recently identified as being overexpressed in tumor-associated capillary endothelial cells.	Carbohydrates	75-87	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	12-17
18223683-6	2008	Surprisingly, Gal-1 selectively bound NRP1 via the carbohydrate-recognition domain, but did not bind VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2 or VEGFR-3.	Carbohydrates	51-63	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	14-19
18413311-6	2008	Decreased SREBP-1 binding during fasting and a dramatic increase upon refeeding indicates that the lipogenic "overshoot" for fatty-acid synthase gene expression known to occur during high carbohydrate refeeding can be attributed to a similar overshoot in SREBP-1 binding.	Carbohydrates	188-200	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	10-17
34388137-8	2021	By correlating the ITGB6 tissue expression in primary and metastatic PAC with clinical parameters, we found that positive ITGB6 expression in the tumor tissue is linked to increased serum ITGB6 levels in nonmetastatic PAC and correlates with carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and clinical outcome.	Carbohydrates	242-254	integrin subunit beta 6	Homo sapiens	122-127
18193407-2	2008	We synthesized affinity columns by coupling bAAG and BSA to an activated chromatographic support through their carbohydrate moieties, to preserve protein tertiary structure and, consequently, to improve the biological activity in vitro.	Carbohydrates	111-123	albumin	Bos taurus	53-56
34236855-0	2021	Carbohydrate-Based NK1R Antagonists with Broad-Spectrum Anticancer Activity.	Carbohydrates	0-12	tachykinin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	19-23
18348874-9	2008	These results indicate that the carbohydrate binding ability of MBL was affected by S-nitrosylation (S-nitrosation).	Carbohydrates	32-44	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	64-67
34236855-2	2021	In the present study, we report on the synthesis of carbohydrate-based NK1R antagonists and their evaluation as anticancer agents against a wide range of cancer cells.	Carbohydrates	52-64	tachykinin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	71-75
18397186-3	2008	Our aim was to investigate whether mutations in various genes other than NOD2/CARD15 or TLR4 associated with CD (NOD1/CARD4, DLG5 and DEFB1) may influence the presence of antibodies against bacterial proteins and carbohydrates in a Hungarian cohort of CD patients.	Carbohydrates	213-226	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	88-92
34112386-3	2021	The intake of phenolic compounds can play a fundamental role on diabetes management, since they can reduce blood glucose levels, oxidative stress, protein glycation, inhibit the activity of dipeptidyl peptidase - IV and other key enzymes related to carbohydrate metabolism, activate various biochemical pathways to improve pancreatic beta-cell functions, increase insulin secretion, and improve insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	249-261	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	190-215
34188542-1	2021	Background: The aim of this study was to reduce the influence of biliary obstruction on carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level (CA19-9) by introducing the CA19-9 level to serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) ratio as an indicator, and ultimately to reveal the correlation between CA19-9/GGT and the prognosis of patients with pancreatic head carcinoma (PHC).	Carbohydrates	88-100	gamma-glutamyltransferase 2, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	197-200
18397186-3	2008	Our aim was to investigate whether mutations in various genes other than NOD2/CARD15 or TLR4 associated with CD (NOD1/CARD4, DLG5 and DEFB1) may influence the presence of antibodies against bacterial proteins and carbohydrates in a Hungarian cohort of CD patients.	Carbohydrates	213-226	nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	113-117
34069325-1	2021	alpha-Glucosidase is considered a prime drug target for Diabetes Mellitus and its inhibitors are used to delay carbohydrate digestion for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.	Carbohydrates	111-123	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	0-17
18397186-3	2008	Our aim was to investigate whether mutations in various genes other than NOD2/CARD15 or TLR4 associated with CD (NOD1/CARD4, DLG5 and DEFB1) may influence the presence of antibodies against bacterial proteins and carbohydrates in a Hungarian cohort of CD patients.	Carbohydrates	213-226	nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	118-123
18397186-3	2008	Our aim was to investigate whether mutations in various genes other than NOD2/CARD15 or TLR4 associated with CD (NOD1/CARD4, DLG5 and DEFB1) may influence the presence of antibodies against bacterial proteins and carbohydrates in a Hungarian cohort of CD patients.	Carbohydrates	213-226	discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 5	Homo sapiens	125-129
18205178-3	2008	We investigated whether cell surface expression of the carbohydrate blood group determinant Lewis(y) (CD174) and its precursor structure H2 (CD173) on endothelial cells is influenced by soluble factors of tumor cells.	Carbohydrates	55-67	fucosyltransferase 3 (Lewis blood group)	Homo sapiens	102-107
35182873-0	2022	New insights suggest isomaltooligosaccharides are slowly digestible carbohydrates, rather than dietary fibers, at constitutive mammalian alpha-glucosidase levels.	Carbohydrates	68-81	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	137-154
18412772-2	2008	Recently, L-selectin and its ligand carbohydrate have been proposed as a system that mediates initial adhesion of human blastocysts to the uterine epithelia.	Carbohydrates	36-48	selectin L	Homo sapiens	10-20
35288975-1	2022	In most mammals, leptin plays central and peripheral roles in a wide range of metabolic activities including feed consumption and digestion, energy expenditure and the regulation of carbohydrate-fat accumulation.	Carbohydrates	182-194	leptin	Homo sapiens	17-23
18250477-9	2008	IL-4-induced alternative activation is blocked by bis-(3-deoxy-3-(3-methoxybenzamido)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl) sulfane, a specific inhibitor of extracellular galectin-3 carbohydrate binding.	Carbohydrates	169-181	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	0-4
35460566-0	2022	Preoperative Short-Term High Carbohydrate Diet Provides More High-Quality Transplantable Fat and Improves the Outcome of Fat Grafts in Mice.	Carbohydrates	29-41	CD36 molecule	Mus musculus	89-92
18028978-3	2008	Macrophages and other cells found at the infection site can secrete a soluble mammalian lectin, galectin-1, which binds to beta-galactoside residues through its carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	161-173	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	96-106
35481063-3	2022	In this regard, inhibition of alpha-glucosidase, the enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of carbohydrates in the body has been the main therapeutic approach to the treatment of T2DM.	Carbohydrates	94-107	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	30-47
35462520-2	2022	In addition, a high carbohydrate diet can increase liver metabolic burden, increase mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, leading to oxidative stress, generate new fat during adenosine triphosphate synthesis, and thus resulting in ectopic fat accumulation, which further activate nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathway and release inflam- matory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, and so on.	Carbohydrates	20-32	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	414-422
35290483-6	2022	RESULTS: In multivariate analysis, lymph node metastasis (P = 0.011) and serum cholinesterase levels (P < 0.01) were independent predictors of disease-free survival, while lymph node metastasis (P = 0.013), serum cholinesterase levels (P < 0.01), and carbohydrate antigen19-9 (P = 0.022) were independent predictors of overall survival.	Carbohydrates	251-263	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	79-93
18544975-2	2008	OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of Lys656Asn polymorphism in the LEPR gene on leptin response secondary to a low fat versus a low carbohydrate diet in obese patients.	Carbohydrates	163-175	leptin receptor	Homo sapiens	98-102
17920282-1	2008	Discovery of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors has been actively pursued with the aim to develop therapeutics for the treatment of diabetes and the other carbohydrate mediated diseases.	Carbohydrates	149-161	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	13-30
35007154-16	2022	The S. mutans adh strains are also defective in carbohydrate utilization and are hypersensitive to a cell wall-acting antibiotic.	Carbohydrates	48-60	alcohol dehydrogenase 1A (class I), alpha polypeptide	Homo sapiens	14-17
18478617-3	2008	This novel heterobifunctional approach was employed for the conjugation of a (1--&gt;2)-beta-mannan trisaccharide from the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans as well as the carbohydrate portion of tumor-associated ganglioside GM2 to a TH-cell peptide epitope derived from the murine 60 kDa self heat-shock protein (hsp60).	Carbohydrates	173-185	heat shock protein 1 (chaperonin)	Mus musculus	315-320
35231883-1	2022	This systematic review analyzed whether carbohydrate source (food vs. supplement) influenced performance and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms during endurance exercise.	Carbohydrates	40-52	G protein subunit alpha i1	Homo sapiens	127-129
35231883-11	2022	Food choices of carbohydrate consumed immediately before and during endurance exercise result in similar exercise performance/capacity responses to supplemental carbohydrate sources, but may slightly increase GI symptoms in some athletes, particularly with exercise >2 hr.	Carbohydrates	16-28	G protein subunit alpha i1	Homo sapiens	209-211
35410857-1	2022	BACKGROUND: Fibroblast growth factor 21 is a peptide primarily secreted by the liver in response to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha activation which plays an important role in regulating carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	204-216	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	100-148
17936398-6	2008	RELMbeta mRNA expression in the intestines was markedly suppressed by the high-protein and high-carbohydrate diets, while slightly but not significantly upregulated by the high-fat diet.	Carbohydrates	96-108	resistin like beta	Homo sapiens	0-8
34907968-8	2022	SUMMARY: Dietary unsaturated fat and carbohydrate affect the metabolism of protein-defined HDL subspecies containing apoE or apoC3 accelerating or retarding reverse cholesterol transport, thus demonstrating new mechanisms that may link diet to HDL and to CHD.	Carbohydrates	37-49	apolipoprotein C3	Homo sapiens	125-130
19441676-5	2008	While leptin, which blood level is increased in obesity, is associated with regulation of appetite, energy expenditure, lipids and carbohydrates metabolism, cellular differentiation and puberty.	Carbohydrates	131-144	leptin	Homo sapiens	6-12
35046029-7	2022	Our work demonstrates that PARK7 function represents a highly conserved strategy to prevent damage in cells that metabolize carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	124-137	Parkinsonism associated deglycase	Homo sapiens	27-32
17890508-12	2007	Taking into consideration such MBL-AJ peculiarities as its carbohydrate specificity, the presence of a conserved region forming the mannose-binding site, common antigenic determinants with human MBL, and participation in defense reactions, it is possible that MBL-AJ belongs to the family of evolutionary conserved mannan-binding proteins.	Carbohydrates	59-71	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	31-34
17950635-5	2007	The C-terminus of PNGase was recently found to be a novel carbohydrate-binding domain.	Carbohydrates	58-70	N-glycanase 1	Homo sapiens	18-24
17586539-5	2007	A VIP36 mutant with defective lectin activity was also proficient for the coimmunoprecipitation of an equivalent amount of BiP, indicating that the interaction between VIP36 and BiP was carbohydrate-independent.	Carbohydrates	186-198	lectin, mannose binding 2	Homo sapiens	2-7
17481951-7	2007	Besides lipid A, CD14 recognizes also the carbohydrate chains of LPS and along with LBP governs the activation of the MyD88-independent signalling pathway of TLR4.	Carbohydrates	42-54	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	158-162
17431936-6	2007	These high level, correlated local MP2/6-311++G** calculations of di- and trisaccharide energetics constitute potential reference data in the development and testing of improved empirical and semiempirical potentials for modeling of carbohydrates in the condensed phase.	Carbohydrates	233-246	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	35-38
17634259-1	2007	Our objective was to determine the impact of carbohydrate and/or protein ingestion before and after exercise on ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K1) and S6 phosphorylation status in human skeletal muscle tissue.	Carbohydrates	45-57	ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1	Homo sapiens	141-145
17543284-6	2007	Treatment of purified GPI-80 with periodic acid and trypsin indicated that 3H9 and 4D4 recognize peptide and carbohydrate moieties, respectively.	Carbohydrates	109-121	vanin 2	Homo sapiens	22-28
17592141-7	2007	It also preserved the activation state of enzymes depending on the Fd-thioredoxin pathway, which correlated with higher levels of intermediates of carbohydrate metabolism and the Calvin cycle, as well as increased contents of sucrose, glutamate, and other amino acids.	Carbohydrates	147-159	thioredoxin H-type 1	Nicotiana tabacum	70-81
17466947-0	2007	Carbohydrate/fat ratio in the diet alters histone acetylation on the sucrase-isomaltase gene and its expression in mouse small intestine.	Carbohydrates	0-12	sucrase isomaltase (alpha-glucosidase)	Mus musculus	69-87
17466947-3	2007	The acetylation of histone H3 and H4 as well as binding of HNF-1 and Cdx-2 on SI gene, was enhanced by increase in carbohydrate/fat ratio in the diet.	Carbohydrates	115-127	HNF1 homeobox A	Mus musculus	59-64
17466947-4	2007	These suggest that induction of SI gene by the diet rich in carbohydrate is associated with acetylation of histone H3 and H4 as well as binding of HNF-1 and Cdx-2 on SI gene.	Carbohydrates	60-72	HNF1 homeobox A	Mus musculus	147-152
17537973-7	2007	These data uncover a novel mechanism by which an extracellular matrix molecule and its associated carbohydrate provide conditions beneficial for induction of LTP in the CA1 region of the hippocampus.	Carbohydrates	98-110	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	169-172
17456158-1	2007	BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is an important component of the innate immune defence; it binds to carbohydrate structures on pathogenic micro-organisms resulting in complement activation and opsonization.	Carbohydrates	123-135	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	27-48
17456158-1	2007	BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is an important component of the innate immune defence; it binds to carbohydrate structures on pathogenic micro-organisms resulting in complement activation and opsonization.	Carbohydrates	123-135	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	50-53
17388507-0	2007	A comparative study of carboxy myoglobin in saccharide-water systems by molecular dynamics simulation.	Carbohydrates	44-54	myoglobin	Homo sapiens	31-40
17252234-3	2007	In addition, trifluoromethanesulphonic acid treatment of the lysate revealed an association of the recombinant Rv0679c protein with carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	132-145	hypothetical protein	Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv	111-118
17252234-4	2007	The Rv0679c protein homolog of Mycobacterium bovis BCG was also expressed as the protein associated with lipids and carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	116-129	hypothetical protein	Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv	4-11
17329902-2	2007	The aldol reaction of the carbohydrate-containing pyrone 7 with the aldehyde 6 was accomplished by using LiHMDS and Sc(OTf)3 or Sn(OTf)2.	Carbohydrates	26-38	POU class 5 homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	116-124
17309647-2	2007	Human upstream transcription factor 1 gene (USF1) encodes for a transcription factor, which modulates the expression of genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolic pathways.	Carbohydrates	148-160	upstream transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	6-37
17309647-2	2007	Human upstream transcription factor 1 gene (USF1) encodes for a transcription factor, which modulates the expression of genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolic pathways.	Carbohydrates	148-160	upstream transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	44-48
17229412-5	2007	The example of interactions between heparin and antithrombin III illustrates how such a complex mechanism as the regulation of blood coagulation by a specific pentasaccharide can be dissected through the combined use of dedicated carbohydrate chemistry and structural glycobiology.	Carbohydrates	230-242	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	48-64
17157924-2	2007	Target binding, complement activation and other functions of MBL are dependent on the presence of multiple carbohydrate recognition domains.	Carbohydrates	107-119	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	61-64
2513186-0	1989	Carbohydrate structure of recombinant human uterine tissue plasminogen activator expressed in mouse epithelial cells.	Carbohydrates	0-12	chromosome 20 open reading frame 181	Homo sapiens	52-80
2477227-3	1989	In the present study we used recently developed technology to determine the carbohydrate composition of beta-core and hCG beta (CR119).	Carbohydrates	76-88	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 3	Homo sapiens	118-126
17161030-8	2007	We proposed from surface infrared spectroscopy measurements that yeast compensate for the lack of Hsp12p by reducing the carbohydrate/proteins ratio of the cell wall or increasing the cell wall chitin content.	Carbohydrates	121-133	lipid-binding protein HSP12	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	98-104
17127239-2	2007	Mice deficient for insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) develop type 2-like diabetes and thus, provide a model to explore the molecular connection between deranged carbohydrate metabolism and atherosclerosis.	Carbohydrates	163-175	insulin receptor substrate 2	Mus musculus	19-47
2686140-3	1989	In benign essential gammopathy (MGUS) with an M-component of IgM-kappa class, the neuropathy is frequently demyelinizing and the paraprotein reacts specifically with carbohydrate determinants in myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and other glycoproteins and glycolipids in peripheral nerve tissue.	Carbohydrates	166-178	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	195-225
2686140-3	1989	In benign essential gammopathy (MGUS) with an M-component of IgM-kappa class, the neuropathy is frequently demyelinizing and the paraprotein reacts specifically with carbohydrate determinants in myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and other glycoproteins and glycolipids in peripheral nerve tissue.	Carbohydrates	166-178	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	227-230
2590717-7	1989	Collectively, these data indicate that ZP3 alpha probably functions as a zona receptor for boar sperm and that carbohydrate has an important role in maintaining the functional integrity of the ZP3 alpha glycoprotein.	Carbohydrates	111-123	zona pellucida glycoprotein 3	Mus musculus	193-196
2503511-0	1989	Carbohydrate structures of human tissue plasminogen activator expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells.	Carbohydrates	0-12	chromosome 20 open reading frame 181	Homo sapiens	33-61
2469535-4	1989	However, a glycosylation-dependent monoclonal antibody (MR4-130) detected an epitope on GPC which appears to be erythroid specific, suggesting that lineage specificity of this glycoprotein is related to some carbohydrate structures.	Carbohydrates	208-220	glycophorin C (Gerbich blood group)	Homo sapiens	88-91
2713845-5	1989	All bands of TSP-180 observed in 3LL variants are labeled by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed radioiodination of viable cells, incorporate 32PO4, and contain carbohydrates, as judged by binding to wheat germ agglutinin.	Carbohydrates	151-164	CTR9 homolog, Paf1/RNA polymerase II complex component	Mus musculus	13-16
2474040-18	1989	The molecular weight of the 1C5-defined antigen was 26,000 daltons, and the epitope of the 1C5-defined antigen was carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	115-127	tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein theta	Homo sapiens	91-94
2467938-1	1989	The human complement (C) system recognizes bacterial, fungal and viral activators of the alternative pathway following covalent attachment of the protein C3b to carbohydrates (CHO) on the surface of the organisms.	Carbohydrates	161-174	complement C3	Homo sapiens	154-157
2706085-8	1989	Chemical analysis of the carbohydrates showed a high glucosamine (50 mol/mol THP), galactose (43 mol/mol THP), and mannose (24 mol/mol THP) content.	Carbohydrates	25-38	uromodulin	Homo sapiens	77-80
2706085-8	1989	Chemical analysis of the carbohydrates showed a high glucosamine (50 mol/mol THP), galactose (43 mol/mol THP), and mannose (24 mol/mol THP) content.	Carbohydrates	25-38	uromodulin	Homo sapiens	105-108
2706085-8	1989	Chemical analysis of the carbohydrates showed a high glucosamine (50 mol/mol THP), galactose (43 mol/mol THP), and mannose (24 mol/mol THP) content.	Carbohydrates	25-38	uromodulin	Homo sapiens	105-108
2706085-10	1989	Using lectins to identify the structure of the carbohydrate chains it was shown that rabbit Tamm-Horsfall protein possesses complex-type oligosaccharide chains with terminal sialic acid, beta-galactose, and probably alpha-fucose and chains of the mucin type.	Carbohydrates	47-59	uromodulin	Homo sapiens	92-113
2807991-4	1989	Refeeding of starved rats with a high carbohydrate diet for 6 nights led to a decrease in PEPCK activity which was most prominent in the periportal zone, but almost negligible in the perivenous zone, resulting in a further change in the activity gradient.	Carbohydrates	38-50	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	90-95
2848681-4	1988	Corrections for detergent binding and for the presence of carbohydrate yielded an estimated Mr of 166,000 +/- 11,000 for the solubilized PTH receptor.	Carbohydrates	58-70	parathyroid hormone	Bos taurus	137-140
2465494-1	1988	IgM monoclonal antibodies present in the sera from some patients with peripheral neuropathy react with an antigenic carbohydrate determinant that is present on the myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and other peripheral nerve glycoproteins and glycolipids.	Carbohydrates	116-128	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	164-194
2465494-1	1988	IgM monoclonal antibodies present in the sera from some patients with peripheral neuropathy react with an antigenic carbohydrate determinant that is present on the myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and other peripheral nerve glycoproteins and glycolipids.	Carbohydrates	116-128	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	196-199
2458286-1	1988	Immunocytological localization of the major glycoprotein of peripheral myelin P0 and its associated carbohydrate structures L2/HNK-1 and L3 was performed at the light- and electron-microscopic levels in mouse sciatic nerves at several developmental stages and in adulthood.	Carbohydrates	100-112	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	127-132
3141784-1	1988	The importance of carbohydrate in the secretion of immunoglobulin A (IgA) has previously been suggested by results of studies with tunicamycin, which prevents N-linked glycosylation of all cell glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	18-30	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha	Mus musculus	51-73
2457655-1	1988	In some patients with demyelinating neuropathy there are immunoglobulin M paraproteins that react with carbohydrate determinants shared by myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and two peripheral nerve acidic glycolipids, termed sulfoglucuronosylglycosphingolipids (SGGLs).	Carbohydrates	103-115	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	139-169
2457655-1	1988	In some patients with demyelinating neuropathy there are immunoglobulin M paraproteins that react with carbohydrate determinants shared by myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and two peripheral nerve acidic glycolipids, termed sulfoglucuronosylglycosphingolipids (SGGLs).	Carbohydrates	103-115	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	171-174
2841469-3	1988	In the present study, using metabolic labeling of viral proteins with [35S]cysteine, radioimmunoprecipitation, and carbohydrate structure analysis, we have identified a higher-molecular-weight endo-H-resistant env gene-encoded polyprotein designated gPr115env in addition to the endo-H-sensitive gPr77env.	Carbohydrates	115-127	endogenous retrovirus group K member 20	Homo sapiens	210-213
3164721-0	1988	A novel carbohydrate, differentiation antigen on fucogangliosides of human myeloid cells recognized by monoclonal antibody VIM-2.	Carbohydrates	8-20	vimentin 2, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	123-128
2452075-13	1988	Its binding requirements are, thus, very different from those of the carbohydrate-oblivious beta CTP antiserum, which requires the last two residues of the hCG beta polypeptide chain and is not sensitive to the presence or absence of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	69-81	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 3	Homo sapiens	156-164
2452075-16	1988	Since the sialylated peptide beta 115-141 binds poorly to it, this antiserum resembles the carbohydrate-oblivious anti-beta CTP; both require the COOH-terminal amino acids of hCG beta.	Carbohydrates	91-103	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 3	Homo sapiens	175-183
3127479-7	1988	It can be inferred from these results that 5C12 antibody is directed against a carbohydrate moiety present in active and inactive tyrosinase, and that amelanotic melanoma cells may contain significant levels of the latter protein.	Carbohydrates	79-91	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	130-140
2453818-1	1988	The distribution of glucuronic acid-and-sulfate-containing carbohydrate (GSC) epitope recognized by two monoclonal antibodies, HNK-1 and 4F4, was studied by immunocytochemistry in adult mouse brain.	Carbohydrates	59-71	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	127-140
3163714-1	1988	Epithelial mucin and immunohistochemical localization of carbohydrate antigens (CA125, CA19-9) in normal endocervical glands and adenocarcinoma of uterine cervix were examined histochemically.	Carbohydrates	57-69	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	80-85
3352745-5	1988	In our work on the molecular genetics of carbohydrate metabolism we have recently isolated a mouse glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (or phosphoglucose isomerase, PGI) cDNA clone using the yeast PGI gene (PGI 1) as a probe.	Carbohydrates	41-53	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	201-206
17127239-2	2007	Mice deficient for insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) develop type 2-like diabetes and thus, provide a model to explore the molecular connection between deranged carbohydrate metabolism and atherosclerosis.	Carbohydrates	163-175	insulin receptor substrate 2	Mus musculus	49-53
3339713-2	1988	Pulse-chase, tunicamycin treatment, and carbohydrate trimming experiments revealed that VGF is synthesized as a 19-kilodalton (kDa) precursor which is rapidly modified to a high-mannose-type 22-kDa protein.	Carbohydrates	40-52	VGF nerve growth factor inducible	Homo sapiens	88-91
16990347-9	2007	These data represent two significant findings: CD can be used to measure conformational changes in carbohydrates and the functional epitope from PSA is dependent on a specific conformation that is stabilized by adjacent repeating units and a zwitterionic charge motif.	Carbohydrates	99-112	aminopeptidase puromycin sensitive	Homo sapiens	145-148
3121751-0	1988	Genetics and primary structure of V kappa gene segments encoding antibody to streptococcal group A carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	99-111	immunoglobulin kappa variable 4-74	Mus musculus	34-41
3121751-2	1988	Two gene segments, V kappa-25-39 and V kappa-25-47, that encode antibody to streptococcal group A carbohydrate in A/J mice were found to be more than 95% homologous in nucleotide sequence in both coding and noncoding regions.	Carbohydrates	98-110	immunoglobulin kappa variable 4-74	Mus musculus	19-26
3121751-2	1988	Two gene segments, V kappa-25-39 and V kappa-25-47, that encode antibody to streptococcal group A carbohydrate in A/J mice were found to be more than 95% homologous in nucleotide sequence in both coding and noncoding regions.	Carbohydrates	98-110	immunoglobulin kappa variable 4-74	Mus musculus	37-44
3121751-4	1988	V kappa gene segments that were clearly allelic to V kappa-25-47 are used to encode IdX+, IdI-1- anti-group A carbohydrate antibodies by C.B20 mice and likely by C57BL/6 mice.	Carbohydrates	110-122	immunoglobulin kappa variable 4-74	Mus musculus	0-7
17191668-2	2006	The aim of the present work was to investigate the influence of surgery (laparoscopy and open) on the concentration and carbohydrate content of IGFBP-3.	Carbohydrates	120-132	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	144-151
3121751-4	1988	V kappa gene segments that were clearly allelic to V kappa-25-47 are used to encode IdX+, IdI-1- anti-group A carbohydrate antibodies by C.B20 mice and likely by C57BL/6 mice.	Carbohydrates	110-122	immunoglobulin kappa variable 4-74	Mus musculus	51-58
3121751-4	1988	V kappa gene segments that were clearly allelic to V kappa-25-47 are used to encode IdX+, IdI-1- anti-group A carbohydrate antibodies by C.B20 mice and likely by C57BL/6 mice.	Carbohydrates	110-122	isopentenyl-diphosphate delta isomerase	Mus musculus	90-95
3121751-11	1988	This fact is strong evidence that evolutionary forces have maintained the V kappa 24 gene family, all of which encode antibody specific for carbohydrate found in bacterial pathogens.	Carbohydrates	140-152	immunoglobulin kappa variable 4-74	Mus musculus	74-81
17105262-0	2006	A cellular FRET-based sensor for beta-O-GlcNAc, a dynamic carbohydrate modification involved in signaling.	Carbohydrates	58-70	O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase	Homo sapiens	38-46
3350114-4	1988	It is therefore concluded that casein is a potent stimulus for CCK secretion and pancreatic secretion, but that fat and even carbohydrate, although less potent, also produce a CCK increment above the threshold for pancreatic secretion.	Carbohydrates	125-137	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	176-179
2459929-4	1988	This report concerns the Band 3 carbohydrate and its content of potential ABH-active sites.	Carbohydrates	32-44	alkB homolog 1, histone H2A dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	74-77
2459929-9	1988	Thus, Band 3 carbohydrate probably carries the majority of ABH substance on human red cells, while other glycoproteins and glycosphingolipids carry a minor fraction.	Carbohydrates	13-25	alkB homolog 1, histone H2A dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	59-62
17105262-1	2006	beta-O-N-Acetyl-d-glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a dynamic carbohydrate modification that is involved in cell signaling and has been implicated in a variety of disease states, including Alzheimer"s and type-II diabetes.	Carbohydrates	54-66	O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase	Homo sapiens	31-39
17095106-2	2006	This posttranscriptional mechanism accounts for the 12- to 15-fold increase in G6PD expression in livers of mice that were starved and then refed a high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	153-165	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 2	Mus musculus	79-83
3396330-4	1988	This method was applied to analyze the phosphate content of ovalbumin subfractions having different carbohydrate chain from each other which were prepared by concanavalin A/Sepharose chromatography from oviduct slices incubated with [2-3H]mannose.	Carbohydrates	100-112	ovalbumin (SERPINB14)	Gallus gallus	60-69
17072973-1	2006	Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a pattern-recognition molecule that binds to characteristic carbohydrate motifs present on the surface of many different pathogens.	Carbohydrates	92-104	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-22
2448311-0	1988	The L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate of neural cell adhesion molecules is involved in cell interactions.	Carbohydrates	13-25	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	7-12
2463441-3	1988	We found that the cell-associated form of a factor specific for L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10 (GAT-TsF1) is a 66 kDa protein which exhibits a slightly acidic isoelectric point, but no carbohydrate as determined by enzymatic analysis and lectin-affinity chromatography.	Carbohydrates	197-209	glycine-N-acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	108-111
17072973-1	2006	Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a pattern-recognition molecule that binds to characteristic carbohydrate motifs present on the surface of many different pathogens.	Carbohydrates	92-104	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	24-27
16956372-3	2006	Three different selectins have been identified - P-, E- and L-selectin - which recognize and bind to crucial carbohydrate determinants on selectin ligands.	Carbohydrates	109-121	selectin L	Homo sapiens	49-70
3218384-9	1988	Ethanol production in corpses is believed to take place through a pathway opposite to that of ethanol metabolism in the living body, under the influence of ADH, ALDH, etc., in saprogens using carbohydrates as substrates.	Carbohydrates	192-205	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	156-159
17133782-2	2006	Recently, acarbose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor that delays the absorption of carbohydrates from the small intestine, has been found to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes.	Carbohydrates	81-94	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	23-40
2445746-0	1987	Structural requirements for the neutralization of heparin-like saccharides by complement S protein/vitronectin.	Carbohydrates	63-74	vitronectin	Homo sapiens	89-98
2445746-0	1987	Structural requirements for the neutralization of heparin-like saccharides by complement S protein/vitronectin.	Carbohydrates	63-74	vitronectin	Homo sapiens	99-110
16915352-4	2006	Carbohydrate feeding uncoupled sAPx expression from the light pattern.	Carbohydrates	0-12	stromal ascorbate peroxidase	Arabidopsis thaliana	31-35
3441268-4	1987	A RNase isoenzyme similar to central nervous system (CNS) RNase 3.2 was present in human kidney extracts but it differed in its carbohydrate structure.	Carbohydrates	128-140	ribonuclease A family member 3	Homo sapiens	58-65
3316202-1	1987	Glucagon, a peptide hormone which regulates hepatic carbohydrate metabolism, is processed from a larger precursor, proglucagon.	Carbohydrates	52-64	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
16804841-1	2006	BACKGROUND: Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a component of the innate immune response and binds microbial surfaces through carbohydrate recognition domains.	Carbohydrates	123-135	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	12-34
16804841-1	2006	BACKGROUND: Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a component of the innate immune response and binds microbial surfaces through carbohydrate recognition domains.	Carbohydrates	123-135	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	36-39
3654639-2	1987	We have characterized the carbohydrate composition of this novel protein labeled with 125I-D-Tyr-Gly-[(Nle28,31)-CCK-26-33] and disuccinimidyl suberate by using chemical and enzymatic deglycosylation and lectin chromatography.	Carbohydrates	26-38	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	113-116
16867155-8	2006	No binding was seen to recombinant SP-A composed of the neck region and carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-A indicating that the interaction between MFAP4 and SP-A is mediated via the collagen domain of SP-A.	Carbohydrates	72-84	microfibril associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	152-157
16817962-4	2006	Through investigation of the inhibition of Env binding to cell lines expressing CD4, CCR5, DC-SIGN, syndecans or combinations thereof, we found that the broadly neutralizing mAb, 2G12, directed to a unique carbohydrate epitope of gp120, inhibited Env-CCR5 binding, partially inhibited Env-DC-SIGN binding, but had no effect on Env-syndecan association.	Carbohydrates	206-218	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	230-235
3426806-4	1987	NeuAc residue(s), probably representing part(s) of a carbohydrate unit attached to serine42 of glycophorin C, methionine, aspartic or glutamic acid, tryptophan and/or arginine residue(s) are involved in the Ge3 epitopes, as judged from chemical modification.	Carbohydrates	53-65	glycophorin C (Gerbich blood group)	Homo sapiens	95-108
16818056-2	2006	Leptin affects intestinal adaptation, carbohydrate, peptide, and lipid handling.	Carbohydrates	38-50	leptin	Mus musculus	0-6
16688114-3	2006	Small intestinal alpha-glucosidase inhibitors like Acarbose (Glucobay) enhance the amount of undigested carbohydrates reaching the colon.	Carbohydrates	104-117	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	17-34
2440681-7	1987	alpha 2-Antiplasmin contains two disulfide bridges (Cys64-Cys104 and Cys31-Cys113) and four glucosamine-based carbohydrate chains attached to Asn87, Asn256, Asn270 and Asn277.	Carbohydrates	110-122	serpin family F member 2	Homo sapiens	0-19
16504538-9	2006	Finally, both RegIIIgamma and human HIP/PAP bind to mannan but not to monomeric mannose, giving initial insights into their carbohydrate ligands.	Carbohydrates	124-136	regenerating family member 3 gamma	Homo sapiens	14-25
3108266-10	1987	The GPIIb precursor is then processed with conversion of high-mannose to complex type carbohydrates yielding the mature subunits GPIIb alpha (Mr 116,000) and GPIIb beta (Mr 25,000).	Carbohydrates	86-99	integrin subunit alpha 2b	Homo sapiens	4-9
3108266-10	1987	The GPIIb precursor is then processed with conversion of high-mannose to complex type carbohydrates yielding the mature subunits GPIIb alpha (Mr 116,000) and GPIIb beta (Mr 25,000).	Carbohydrates	86-99	integrin subunit alpha 2b	Homo sapiens	129-134
3108266-10	1987	The GPIIb precursor is then processed with conversion of high-mannose to complex type carbohydrates yielding the mature subunits GPIIb alpha (Mr 116,000) and GPIIb beta (Mr 25,000).	Carbohydrates	86-99	integrin subunit alpha 2b	Homo sapiens	129-134
16504538-9	2006	Finally, both RegIIIgamma and human HIP/PAP bind to mannan but not to monomeric mannose, giving initial insights into their carbohydrate ligands.	Carbohydrates	124-136	regenerating family member 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	36-43
16754720-1	2006	Lymphocyte trafficking to lymph nodes (LNs) is initiated by the interaction between lymphocyte L-selectin and certain sialomucins, collectively termed peripheral node addressin (PNAd), carrying specific carbohydrates expressed by LN high endothelial venules (HEVs).	Carbohydrates	203-216	selectin L	Homo sapiens	95-105
2437185-13	1987	The implication of these results is that mAb, whose specificity is directed to the carbohydrate part of human MAG, reacts with the Leu-7 reactive molecules on human MNC, and that at least two epitopes detected by anti-MAG mAb coexist on the surface molecules with various apparent m.w.	Carbohydrates	83-95	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	110-113
2437185-13	1987	The implication of these results is that mAb, whose specificity is directed to the carbohydrate part of human MAG, reacts with the Leu-7 reactive molecules on human MNC, and that at least two epitopes detected by anti-MAG mAb coexist on the surface molecules with various apparent m.w.	Carbohydrates	83-95	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	218-221
16823355-0	2006	Does a pre-exercise carbohydrate feeding improve a 20-km cross-country ski performance?	Carbohydrates	20-32	SKI proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	71-74
3104329-0	1987	Effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on the carbohydrate structure of secreted mouse thyrotropin.	Carbohydrates	47-59	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Mus musculus	10-39
3104329-3	1987	We have used serial lectin affinity analysis to explore whether TRH, in addition to promoting TSH secretion, alters the carbohydrate structure of secreted TSH.	Carbohydrates	120-132	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Mus musculus	64-67
16513634-4	2006	Remarkably, the most closely related protein to SEX4 outside the plant kingdom is laforin, a glucan-binding protein phosphatase required for the metabolism of the mammalian storage carbohydrate glycogen and implicated in a severe form of epilepsy (Lafora disease) in humans.	Carbohydrates	181-193	EPM2A glucan phosphatase, laforin	Homo sapiens	82-89
3030298-0	1987	Role of carbohydrates in the viscosity and permeability of gastric mucin to hydrogen ion.	Carbohydrates	8-21	mucin	Canis lupus familiaris	67-72
3030298-1	1987	The effect of carbohydrate removal on the viscosity of gastric mucin and its ability to impede the diffusion of hydrogen ion was investigated.	Carbohydrates	14-26	mucin	Canis lupus familiaris	63-68
3030298-6	1987	The results suggest that carbohydrates contribute significantly to the viscoelastic and permselective properties of gastric mucin.	Carbohydrates	25-38	mucin	Canis lupus familiaris	124-129
16439369-0	2006	Structures of the carbohydrate recognition domain of Ca2+-independent cargo receptors Emp46p and Emp47p.	Carbohydrates	18-30	Emp47p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	97-103
3493700-1	1987	Alterations in plasma glycoproteins and alpha 1-antitrypsin carbohydrate composition.	Carbohydrates	60-72	serpin family A member 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-59
16439369-3	2006	We have determined crystal structures of the carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) of Emp46p and Emp47p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in the absence and presence of metal ions.	Carbohydrates	45-57	Emp47p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	99-105
3305626-3	1987	PRG (38.9 kDa) contains 40% carbohydrate consisting of 6 triantennary N-linked units and a single peptide chain of 231 amino acids, 75% of which = PRO + GLY + GLN.	Carbohydrates	28-40	proline rich protein BstNI subfamily 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
16460731-0	2006	BDNF/TrkB signaling regulates HNK-1 carbohydrate expression in regenerating motor nerves and promotes functional recovery after peripheral nerve repair.	Carbohydrates	36-48	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	0-4
2432127-0	1987	Decay-accelerating factor (DAF) shares a common carbohydrate determinant with the variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) of the African Trypanosoma brucei.	Carbohydrates	48-60	CD55 molecule (Cromer blood group)	Homo sapiens	27-30
16269621-8	2006	This supports the hypothesis that the difference in recognition of plasma-purified and recombinant beta2-GPI is caused by the difference in glycosylation and that epitope G40-R43 of plasma-purified beta2-GPI is covered by a carbohydrate chain.	Carbohydrates	224-236	apolipoprotein H	Homo sapiens	198-207
3327632-3	1987	Abnormal carbohydrate structures have been demonstrated on tumor cell membranes by immunological techniques, which suggests deletion of ABH, accumulation of "crypt" antigens such as I and T antigens, and abnormal expression of Lewis antigens.	Carbohydrates	9-21	alkB homolog 1, histone H2A dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	136-139
16269621-9	2006	Type A anti-beta2-GPI antibodies can only recognize this epitope when this carbohydrate chain is displaced as a result of a conformational change.	Carbohydrates	75-87	apolipoprotein H	Homo sapiens	12-21
2886257-0	1987	Effect of dietary carbohydrate source on soluble protein glucose concentration and enzyme activity (aldolase) of European eels (Anguilla anguilla L.).	Carbohydrates	18-30	fructose-bisphosphate aldolase 3, chloroplastic	Triticum aestivum	100-108
16410008-2	2006	Binding of MBL to carbohydrates present on pathogens activates the lectin pathway of complement activation, resulting into opsonization and anti-microbial protection.	Carbohydrates	18-31	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	11-14
2886257-1	1987	This study was undertaken to determine the influence of dietary carbohydrate sources: wheat meal, bread meal, soluble corn starch, native potato starch and sorghum meal, on soluble protein, enzyme activity (aldolase) and glucose concentration in muscle and liver of European eels (Anguilla anguilla).	Carbohydrates	64-76	fructose-bisphosphate aldolase 3, chloroplastic	Triticum aestivum	190-206
3780891-2	1987	The antigen recognized by the antibody (BMS-1) is a carbohydrate-containing prosthetic group that is common to and specific for multiple horse serum proteins.	Carbohydrates	52-64	BMS1 ribosome biogenesis factor	Homo sapiens	40-45
16216516-2	2006	Both compounds originate from stearic acid, and a carbohydrate-derived thioacetal-alcohol, and their syntheses are potentially general for beta-C-galactosides and their aza-C-partners.	Carbohydrates	50-62	colony stimulating factor 2 receptor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	139-145
3653937-0	1987	Carbohydrate moieties of rat MHC class I antigens.	Carbohydrates	0-12	ATPase, aminophospholipid transporter (APLT), class I, type 8A, member 1	Mus musculus	33-40
2842659-6	1987	The carbohydrate moiety of the membrane-anchored form is of the high mannose type, consistent with an intracellular localization for this mutant hIR.	Carbohydrates	4-16	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 4	Homo sapiens	145-148
16429400-1	2006	Sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) transcription factors play a key role in energy homeostasis by regulating genes involved in both carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and in adipocyte differentiation.	Carbohydrates	151-163	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	0-43
3448772-11	1987	Strong saccharide inhibitors were gal-beta (1-3)galNAc, nitrophenyl-beta-galactoside, as well as galactose.	Carbohydrates	7-17	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	38-47
16429400-1	2006	Sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) transcription factors play a key role in energy homeostasis by regulating genes involved in both carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and in adipocyte differentiation.	Carbohydrates	151-163	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	45-52
16358009-4	2006	Inhibition experiments showed that antibodies generated by tetanus toxoid conjugates of GM3 and GM2 exhibited specificity for the carbohydrate epitope and the stereogenic centres of the ceramide.	Carbohydrates	130-142	cytochrome b5 domain containing 2	Mus musculus	96-99
2435424-2	1986	Many patients with demyelinating neuropathy occurring in association with IgM paraproteinemia have a monoclonal antibody that reacts with a carbohydrate determinant shared between sulfate-3-glucuronyl paragloboside (SGPG), the myelin-associated glycoprotein and other glycoproteins of peripheral nerve.	Carbohydrates	140-152	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	227-257
16759053-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between plasma levels of apolipoproteins C3 (APOC3) and E (APOE) and the presence of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism abnormalities or clinical signs of lipodystrophy in HIV-1-infected patients started with a protease-inhibitor-containing antiretroviral therapy.	Carbohydrates	134-146	apolipoprotein C3	Homo sapiens	64-82
2428836-2	1986	In this study, we have characterized the antigenic determinant on HSB-2 cells which is shared with MAG using two types of mouse monoclonal anti-MAG antibodies, one recognizing the peptide molecule (IgG-P) and the other recognizing the carbohydrate molecule of MAG (IgM-C).	Carbohydrates	235-247	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	99-102
2428836-4	1986	Therefore it is suggested that the shared antigenic determinant between MAG and HSB-2 cells is not in the peptide molecule but in the carbohydrate molecule.	Carbohydrates	134-146	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	72-75
2428939-3	1986	It is shown here that mouse anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) carbohydrate antibodies raised to human MAG and a human IgM paraprotein associated with neuropathy also bind to the same 100K molecule.	Carbohydrates	70-82	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	33-63
16759053-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between plasma levels of apolipoproteins C3 (APOC3) and E (APOE) and the presence of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism abnormalities or clinical signs of lipodystrophy in HIV-1-infected patients started with a protease-inhibitor-containing antiretroviral therapy.	Carbohydrates	134-146	apolipoprotein C3	Homo sapiens	84-89
16329100-0	2006	Novel mutations in the human sucrase-isomaltase gene (SI) that cause congenital carbohydrate malabsorption.	Carbohydrates	80-92	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	29-47
3543484-8	1986	At a later stage of exposure the system of carbohydrate hydrolysis and transport showed an adaptive reaction; inhibition of pancreatic amylase was accompanied by accelerated enzyme transport in the small intestine and glucose resorption.	Carbohydrates	43-55	amylase 2a3	Rattus norvegicus	124-142
3083780-4	1986	These effects are due to selective alterations in carbohydrate maturation; endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (endo H) digestion demonstrated that both alpha 1-AGP species contain variable numbers of endo H-resistant oligosaccharide side chains ranging between zero and five.	Carbohydrates	50-62	orosomucoid 1	Rattus norvegicus	153-164
16329100-0	2006	Novel mutations in the human sucrase-isomaltase gene (SI) that cause congenital carbohydrate malabsorption.	Carbohydrates	80-92	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	54-56
16990371-12	2006	During cold acclimation, Columbia and esk-1 increased total soluble carbohydrates in leaves.	Carbohydrates	68-81	trichome birefringence-like protein (DUF828)	Arabidopsis thaliana	38-43
2415652-5	1985	ElBre hCG beta, however, was incompletely recognized by antisera specific for the CTE of standard hCG beta, especially the carbohydrate-sensitive antiserum R141.	Carbohydrates	123-135	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 3	Homo sapiens	6-14
16322795-1	2005	The gut peptide ghrelin, the endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor, has been implicated not only in the regulation of pituitary growth hormone (GH) secretion but in a number of endocrine and nonendocrine functions, including appetitive behavior and carbohydrate substrate utilization.	Carbohydrates	274-286	growth hormone secretagogue receptor	Mus musculus	55-91
3161732-1	1985	The extent of involvement of carbohydrate structures in the mechanism of action of alpha and beta-interferon (IFN-alpha, IFN-beta) is undefined.	Carbohydrates	29-41	interferon alpha	Mus musculus	110-119
3161732-1	1985	The extent of involvement of carbohydrate structures in the mechanism of action of alpha and beta-interferon (IFN-alpha, IFN-beta) is undefined.	Carbohydrates	29-41	interferon beta 1, fibroblast	Mus musculus	121-129
16316417-2	2005	MBL can distinguish self from nonself and altered self using its C-type carbohydrate recognition domain and may also interact via its collagen-like region with autologous cells.	Carbohydrates	72-84	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
3161732-11	1985	These results are significant in permitting the conclusion that the carbohydrate-specific binding of IFN-alpha and IFN-beta to gangliosides cannot be due to a similarity of the ganglioside carbohydrate to that of a glycoprotein containing a complex-type N-liked oligosaccharide.	Carbohydrates	68-80	interferon alpha	Mus musculus	101-110
3161732-11	1985	These results are significant in permitting the conclusion that the carbohydrate-specific binding of IFN-alpha and IFN-beta to gangliosides cannot be due to a similarity of the ganglioside carbohydrate to that of a glycoprotein containing a complex-type N-liked oligosaccharide.	Carbohydrates	68-80	interferon beta 1, fibroblast	Mus musculus	115-123
16129679-3	2005	In the present study, we have analyzed, using the frontal affinity chromatography (FAC) method, the sugar-binding properties of a recombinant carbohydrate recognition domain of VIP36 (VIP36-CRD).	Carbohydrates	142-154	lectin, mannose binding 2	Homo sapiens	177-182
2410452-8	1985	The results suggest that IgM paraproteins, HNK-1 and some mouse monoclonal antibodies react with carbohydrate determinants shared by MAG and several lower molecular weight glycoproteins present only in human, bovine, cat and chicken PNS.	Carbohydrates	97-109	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	133-136
16129679-3	2005	In the present study, we have analyzed, using the frontal affinity chromatography (FAC) method, the sugar-binding properties of a recombinant carbohydrate recognition domain of VIP36 (VIP36-CRD).	Carbohydrates	142-154	lectin, mannose binding 2	Homo sapiens	184-193
16231358-8	2005	Moreover, MBL could bind HBsAg in a dose- and calcium-dependent and mannan-inhibitable manner in vitro, suggesting that binding occurs via the carbohydrate recognition domains.	Carbohydrates	143-155	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	10-13
2410270-4	1985	Simultaneously the levels of aldolase B and L-type pyruvate kinase mRNAs dramatically decreased as compared to controls, but remained responsive to induction by a high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	168-180	aldolase, fructose-bisphosphate B	Rattus norvegicus	29-39
16335985-1	2005	A one-pot affinity precipitation purification of carbohydrate-binding protein was demonstrated by designing thermally responsive glyco-polypeptide polymers, which were synthesized by selective coupling of pendant carbohydrate groups to a recombinant elastin-like triblock protein copolymer (ELP).	Carbohydrates	49-61	nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 1	Homo sapiens	250-289
3872908-0	1985	Carbohydrate chains on IgG2b: a requirement for efficient feedback immunosuppression.	Carbohydrates	0-12	immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 2B	Mus musculus	23-28
16335985-1	2005	A one-pot affinity precipitation purification of carbohydrate-binding protein was demonstrated by designing thermally responsive glyco-polypeptide polymers, which were synthesized by selective coupling of pendant carbohydrate groups to a recombinant elastin-like triblock protein copolymer (ELP).	Carbohydrates	49-61	nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 1	Homo sapiens	291-294
2986849-2	1985	Furthermore, small glycopeptides derived from egg ZP3 retain full sperm receptor activity, suggesting a role for carbohydrate, rather than polypeptide chain in receptor function.	Carbohydrates	113-125	zona pellucida glycoprotein 3	Mus musculus	50-53
16335985-2	2005	The thermally driven inverse transition temperature of the ELP-based triblock polymer is maintained upon incorporation of carbohydrate ligands, which was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry and (1)H NMR spectroscopy experiments.	Carbohydrates	122-134	nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 1	Homo sapiens	59-62
16253890-4	2005	I present a hypothesis that development of resistance against drugs that target the glycans on gp120 would result in a marked enhancement of neutralisation of HIV by the immune system--ie, drugs directed against the carbohydrate component of gp120 will select for mutant virus strains that progressively gain deletions in the glycosylation sites of gp120.	Carbohydrates	216-228	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	95-100
16253890-4	2005	I present a hypothesis that development of resistance against drugs that target the glycans on gp120 would result in a marked enhancement of neutralisation of HIV by the immune system--ie, drugs directed against the carbohydrate component of gp120 will select for mutant virus strains that progressively gain deletions in the glycosylation sites of gp120.	Carbohydrates	216-228	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	242-247
2582290-5	1985	In general, the antibodies that react with the protein backbone recognize both rat and human MAG, whereas a large number of the monoclonal antibodies recognize a carbohydrate determinant in human MAG that is not in rat MAG.	Carbohydrates	162-174	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	196-199
16102994-9	2005	This modulation also occurs physiologically since ex vivo experiments revealed 50% stimulation of 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase (PFK) activity following a high carbohydrate meal.	Carbohydrates	155-167	phosphofructokinase, muscle	Homo sapiens	98-122
2582290-7	1985	In addition, the antibodies recognizing carbohydrate determinants in human MAG strongly stained oligodendrocyte cytoplasm.	Carbohydrates	40-52	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	75-78
16102994-9	2005	This modulation also occurs physiologically since ex vivo experiments revealed 50% stimulation of 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase (PFK) activity following a high carbohydrate meal.	Carbohydrates	155-167	phosphofructokinase, muscle	Homo sapiens	124-127
3972840-0	1985	The carbohydrate structure of porcine uteroferrin and the role of the high mannose chains in promoting uptake by the reticuloendothelial cells of the fetal liver.	Carbohydrates	4-16	acid phosphatase 5, tartrate resistant	Sus scrofa	38-49
3972840-2	1985	Most of the uteroferrin isolated from either uterine secretions or allantoic fluid has endoglycosidase H-sensitive carbohydrate chains with either five or six mannose residues.	Carbohydrates	115-127	acid phosphatase 5, tartrate resistant	Sus scrofa	12-23
16229744-11	2005	Here we demonstrate that a diet rich in saturated fats and low in carbohydrates can actually reduce levels of Abeta.	Carbohydrates	66-79	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	110-115
2578983-0	1985	The carbohydrate moiety of aminopeptidase N of rabbit intestinal brush-border membrane.	Carbohydrates	4-16	aminopeptidase N	Oryctolagus cuniculus	27-43
16164630-3	2005	Thus, this study tested whether pro-oxidant iron/carbohydrate complexes, used to treat iron deficiency, induce MCP-1 in renal/extrarenal tissues, in plasma, and in the setting of experimental nephropathy.	Carbohydrates	49-61	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	111-116
3838957-5	1985	Thus, as has previously been reported, the receptors from teratocarcinoma OTT6050 and embryonal carcinoma cells (F9 and N4-1) contained large amounts of high-molecular-weight carbohydrates eluted near the excluded volume of a Sephadex-G-50 column.	Carbohydrates	175-188	DGCR8, microprocessor complex subunit	Mus musculus	120-124
15888732-6	2005	AQN1 showed a broad carbohydrate-binding pattern as it recognizes both alpha- and beta-linked galactose as well as Manalpha1-3(Manalpha1-6)Man structures, whereas AWN bound only the galactose species.	Carbohydrates	20-32	carbohydrate-binding protein AQN-1	Sus scrofa	0-4
6548696-1	1984	Glucagon, a pancreatic peptide hormone of 29 amino acids that regulates carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism, is one of a family of structurally similar regulatory peptides which include GH-releasing hormone, vasoactive intestinal peptide, secretin, and gastric inhibitory peptide.	Carbohydrates	72-84	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
6390088-3	1984	Refeeding with a high-carbohydrate diet restores glucokinase activity in islet extracts, blood insulin, and blood glucose.	Carbohydrates	22-34	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	49-60
15994972-6	2005	DC-SIGN mediates these interactions through binding of Lewis(x) and Lewis(y) carbohydrates on CEA of colorectal cancer cells.	Carbohydrates	77-90	CEA cell adhesion molecule 5	Homo sapiens	94-97
16013610-8	2005	In total, the variability in the carbohydrate structure of plasma derived AT appears as being quite limited.	Carbohydrates	33-45	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	74-76
6094539-2	1984	Glucagon, a peptide of 29 amino acids that is produced and secreted by the pancreas, is a regulator of carbohydrate and protein metabolism.	Carbohydrates	103-115	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
15882846-7	2005	The glass transition temperature was found to be 65 degrees C for beta-C(12)G(2) and 100 degrees C for beta-C(12)G(3), which compares favourably with the glass transition of the parent carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	185-198	colony stimulating factor 2 receptor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	103-109
6207233-10	1984	These data and the observed identical species specificity of the M-proteins suggest that the respective anti-MAG M-proteins all bind to the same region in MAG and that the reactive determinants may contain carbohydrate moieties.	Carbohydrates	206-218	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	109-112
6209298-1	1984	We have used an approach which combines the technique of electrophoretic blotting of polyacrylamide gels with methods for the degradation of carbohydrates, to study the myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG)-specific antibodies found in 5 patients with demyelinating neuropathy.	Carbohydrates	141-154	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	201-204
16026256-2	2005	Galectin-1 is a member of the galectins, a family of animal lectins ranging from Caenorhabditis elegans to humans, which is defined by their affinity for beta-galactosides and by significant sequence similarity in the carbohydrate-binding site.	Carbohydrates	218-230	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
6152662-1	1984	The human Thy-1 homologue (p25) was characterized biochemically for amino acid composition, sequence and carbohydrate content.	Carbohydrates	105-117	tubulin polymerization promoting protein	Homo sapiens	27-30
6207463-6	1984	The human M-proteins probably bind to a carbohydrate moiety in MAG that is also present in other PNS myelin proteins.	Carbohydrates	40-52	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	63-66
15854598-3	2005	A remarkable asymmetric induction was noticed from the C-4 stereogenic center of the acyl-protected carbohydrate enals.	Carbohydrates	100-112	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	55-58
6514226-1	1984	The monoclonal antibody HNK-1 binds to a carbohydrate determinant in the myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and other glycoproteins of human peripheral nerve.	Carbohydrates	41-53	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	73-103
6514226-1	1984	The monoclonal antibody HNK-1 binds to a carbohydrate determinant in the myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and other glycoproteins of human peripheral nerve.	Carbohydrates	41-53	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	105-108
15838797-7	2005	MBL could bind SARS-CoV in a dose- and calcium-dependent and mannan-inhibitable fashion in vitro, suggesting that binding is through the carbohydrate recognition domains of MBL.	Carbohydrates	137-149	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
6580634-6	1983	We conclude that 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase is a transmembrane glycoprotein with an active site facing the cytoplasm and a carbohydrate-bearing site oriented toward the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum.	Carbohydrates	137-149	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase	Rattus norvegicus	17-57
15838797-7	2005	MBL could bind SARS-CoV in a dose- and calcium-dependent and mannan-inhibitable fashion in vitro, suggesting that binding is through the carbohydrate recognition domains of MBL.	Carbohydrates	137-149	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	173-176
16033064-4	2005	Glycodelin is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 28 kDa and a carbohydrate content of 17.5%.	Carbohydrates	69-81	progestagen associated endometrial protein	Homo sapiens	0-10
6689265-1	1983	On a highly purified preparation, the structure of the carbohydrate chain of the human vitamin D-binding protein was investigated and two genetic forms of this protein were considered (Gc 2 and Gc 1 proteins).	Carbohydrates	55-67	GC vitamin D binding protein	Homo sapiens	87-112
15816015-6	2005	Despite previous reports detailing the involvement of other beta-glucan receptors on mature human macrophages, we have demonstrated that Dectin-1 acted as the major beta-glucan receptor on these cells and contributed to the inflammatory response to these carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	255-268	C-type lectin domain containing 7A	Homo sapiens	137-145
6141625-14	1983	The present data demonstrate that the addition of carbohydrates either orally or intravenously to fat and protein meals modulates the effect of endogenous opiates in the regulation of postprandial somatostatin, insulin and pancreatic polypeptide release in dogs in a way that carbohydrates induce inhibitory mechanisms that are mediated via endogenous opiate receptors.	Carbohydrates	50-63	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	211-218
6226656-3	1983	Hepatocytes treated with 5 mM 1-deoxynojirimycin accumulated alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor as a 51,000 Mr glycoprotein with carbohydrate side chains of the high mannose type, containing glucose as measured by their sensitivity against alpha-glucosidase, the largest species being Glc3Man9GlcNAc.	Carbohydrates	123-135	serpin family A member 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-89
15616125-7	2005	Sugar chains longer than 15-16 saccharide residues (SPMG) display multivalent interactions, with one sugar chain binding to two or three gp120 molecules.	Carbohydrates	31-41	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	137-142
15918118-4	2005	Mannose-binding lectin (MBL, also known as mannan-binding lectin) is a plasma protein that activates the complement cascade after binding to carbohydrate structures.	Carbohydrates	141-153	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-22
15918118-4	2005	Mannose-binding lectin (MBL, also known as mannan-binding lectin) is a plasma protein that activates the complement cascade after binding to carbohydrate structures.	Carbohydrates	141-153	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	24-27
15918118-4	2005	Mannose-binding lectin (MBL, also known as mannan-binding lectin) is a plasma protein that activates the complement cascade after binding to carbohydrate structures.	Carbohydrates	141-153	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	43-64
15768041-10	2005	CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that in obese children, low-fat high-carbohydrate diet-induced weight loss does not change ghrelin secretion, but significantly decreases leptin levels, increases adiponectin levels and improves insulin resistance determined by significantly decreased insulin resistance indices as well as lowered serum insulin levels.	Carbohydrates	62-74	leptin	Homo sapiens	163-169
15647283-4	2005	The results have revealed that Hsf1 is necessary for heat-induced transcription of not only HSP but also genes encoding proteins involved in diverse cellular processes such as protein degradation, detoxification, energy generation, carbohydrate metabolism, and maintenance of cell wall integrity.	Carbohydrates	232-244	stress-responsive transcription factor HSF1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	31-35
15769170-2	2005	ELISA experiments as well as inhibition assays revealed that thermal treatment of rAra h 2 in the presence of reactive carbohydrates and carbohydrate breakdown products induces a strong increase of the IgE-binding activity, thus collaborating with the data reported for the natural protein isolated from peanuts.	Carbohydrates	119-131	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	82-86
15734838-8	2005	Taken together, these data suggest that the reduction of Munc18c protein in the Munc18c(-/+) mice results in impaired insulin sensitivity with a latent increased susceptibility for developing severe glucose intolerance in response to environmental perturbations such as intake of a high-calorie diet rich in fat and carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	316-328	syntaxin binding protein 3	Mus musculus	57-64
2592374-0	1989	Protein and carbohydrate structural analysis of a recombinant soluble CD4 receptor by mass spectrometry.	Carbohydrates	12-24	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	70-73
15734838-8	2005	Taken together, these data suggest that the reduction of Munc18c protein in the Munc18c(-/+) mice results in impaired insulin sensitivity with a latent increased susceptibility for developing severe glucose intolerance in response to environmental perturbations such as intake of a high-calorie diet rich in fat and carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	316-328	syntaxin binding protein 3	Mus musculus	80-87
2514602-9	1989	The results indicate that Ca2+ is required for optimal stimulation of carbohydrate catabolism in the toad gastric mucosa.	Carbohydrates	70-82	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	26-29
15564327-3	2005	We demonstrate that FXR also plays a role in carbohydrate metabolism via regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene expression.	Carbohydrates	45-57	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4	Rattus norvegicus	20-23
2662463-2	1989	Insulin plays a major role in carbohydrate metabolism; nevertheless, as much as 50% of a hyperglycemic load may be metabolized independent of insulin.	Carbohydrates	30-42	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	0-7
15564327-10	2005	Thus, in addition to its role in the regulation of lipid metabolism, FXR regulates carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	83-95	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4	Rattus norvegicus	69-72
15728497-11	2005	The oligomerization state of MBL has a direct effect on its carbohydrate-binding properties, but no influence on the interaction with the MASPs.	Carbohydrates	60-72	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	29-32
15697247-5	2005	The results showed that MG1 and the salivary agglutinin express the MECA-79 epitope, an unusual sulfated carbohydrate structure that belongs to an important class of high-affinity (endothelial) L-selectin ligands.	Carbohydrates	105-117	selectin L	Homo sapiens	194-204
2468531-2	1989	The carbohydrate epitopes L2/HNK-1 and L3 have previously been identified on various neural cell adhesion molecules and have been suggested to play a role in the mediation of cell-cell adhesion.	Carbohydrates	4-16	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	29-34
15488604-7	2005	However, drugs that alter processing of carbohydrates enhance neutralization of HIV primary isolates by MBL.	Carbohydrates	40-53	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	104-107
2501669-6	1989	Since glycosylated is required for TBG to assume its correct tertiary structure, but is not subsequently necessary for maintenance of the biological properties or stability of the molecule, we believe that the likely presence of additional carbohydrate probably affects a higher order structure of the molecule and is thus responsible for the reduced stability and hormone binding activity of TBG-Gary (TBGASN-96).	Carbohydrates	240-252	serpin family A member 7	Homo sapiens	393-401
15641779-4	2005	Measurements with the polysialic-acid-modified form of NCAM reveal that, at physiological ionic strength, the carbohydrate chains extend beyond the range of the unmodified protein.	Carbohydrates	110-122	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	55-59
2930515-4	1989	The results of this study demonstrate that transcription of the G6PDH gene is transiently elevated after ingestion of a high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	125-137	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	64-69
2930515-6	1989	The half-life of the G6PDH mRNA appears to be about 4-5-fold higher during ingestion of a high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	95-107	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	21-26
15813654-8	2005	The alpha-glucosidase inhibitors delay intestinal absorption of ingested carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	73-86	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	4-21
2462878-12	1989	Furthermore, the terminal amine and carbohydrate regions, respectively, dictate the apparent affinity and the rate of metabolism of BLM hydrolase substrates.	Carbohydrates	36-48	bleomycin hydrolase	Homo sapiens	132-145
16128602-3	2005	Patients with MPS VI have a deficiency in the arylsulfatase B (ASB) enzyme that is essential for the progressive breakdown of certain complex carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	142-155	arylsulfatase B	Homo sapiens	63-66
2470084-1	1989	Carbohydrate consumption regulates pancreatic amylase synthesis in rats.	Carbohydrates	0-12	amylase 2a3	Rattus norvegicus	35-53
2470084-5	1989	These changes in carbohydrate intake produced proportionate changes in pancreatic amylase levels.	Carbohydrates	17-29	amylase 2a3	Rattus norvegicus	71-89
2470084-9	1989	These results indicate that: (a) the amount of alcohol consumption does not correlate with either the levels of blood alcohol or of pancreatic amylase; (b) the carbohydrate availability in rats regulates pancreatic amylase levels despite significant levels of alcohol in blood; (c) blood alcohol levels observed in vivo may not affect synthetic and secretory processes of amylase in pancreatic acini.	Carbohydrates	160-172	amylase 2a3	Rattus norvegicus	204-222
16128602-4	2005	The deficiency in ASB results in the build-up of carbohydrate residues in the lysosomes in all cells of the body.	Carbohydrates	49-61	arylsulfatase B	Homo sapiens	18-21
3253621-2	1988	The monoclonal IgMs in several of the patients bind to the carbohydrate epitope Gal (beta 1-3) GalNAc, which is shared by gangliosides GM1 and GD1b and glycoproteins in the nervous system and crossreacted with Gal (beta 1-3) GlcNAc.	Carbohydrates	59-71	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	215-223
15466874-2	2004	Because insulin stimulates carbohydrate and lipid synthesis, it would be important to decipher how the transcriptional activity of ADD1/SREBP1c is regulated in the insulin signaling pathway.	Carbohydrates	27-39	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	136-143
15476813-1	2004	Human galectin-1 is a potent multifunctional effector that participates in specific protein-carbohydrate and protein-protein (lipid) interactions.	Carbohydrates	92-104	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	6-16
3360010-0	1988	Purification and carbohydrate structure of natural murine interferon-beta.	Carbohydrates	17-29	interferon beta 1, fibroblast	Mus musculus	58-73
3275533-9	1988	Reactivity of purified USP-1 to various lectins and carbohydrate composition analysis suggested that USP-1 possesses biantennary N-linked complex-type carbohydrate chain with fucose.	Carbohydrates	52-64	ubiquitin specific peptidase 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-106
3275533-9	1988	Reactivity of purified USP-1 to various lectins and carbohydrate composition analysis suggested that USP-1 possesses biantennary N-linked complex-type carbohydrate chain with fucose.	Carbohydrates	151-163	ubiquitin specific peptidase 1	Rattus norvegicus	23-28
15115804-7	2004	Ucn 2 retained its potent anorectic activity in rats receiving a highly palatable cafeteria diet, preferentially reducing intake of carbohydrate (CHO)-rich items while sparing intake of mixed-fat/CHO items.	Carbohydrates	132-144	urocortin 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
3275533-9	1988	Reactivity of purified USP-1 to various lectins and carbohydrate composition analysis suggested that USP-1 possesses biantennary N-linked complex-type carbohydrate chain with fucose.	Carbohydrates	151-163	ubiquitin specific peptidase 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-106
15333706-1	2004	The intestinal Na(+)/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) and H(+)/peptide cotransporter 1 (PEPT1) play important roles in the absorption of carbohydrate and protein.	Carbohydrates	136-148	solute carrier family 15 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	87-92
15305036-9	2004	Changes in the carbohydrate structure of 2-3SLex, i.e., a change to alpha2-6-linked sialic acid (Neu5Acalpha2-6Galbeta1-4(Fucalpha1-3)GlcNAc-, 2-6SLex) or an elimination of the fucose (Neu5Acalpha2-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-, sialyl N-acethyllactosamine (SLN)), also made the 2-3SLex moiety ineffective.	Carbohydrates	15-27	sarcolipin	Rattus norvegicus	218-252
3344001-1	1988	Extraction of whole promastigotes with a mixture of hexane-isopropanol yielded two carbohydrate-lipid fractions immunologically active against immune sera from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL): CLF-1 and CLF-2.	Carbohydrates	83-95	cytokine receptor like factor 1	Homo sapiens	204-209
3344001-8	1988	Experimental data showed that CLF-1 and CLF-2, both carbohydrate-containing fractions, had different chromatographic patterns from excreted factor (EF), a polysaccharide antigen from Leishmania.	Carbohydrates	52-64	cytokine receptor like factor 1	Homo sapiens	30-35
6411813-3	1983	A kappa-light chain variable region (V kappa) dominantly employed in the serum antibody response of A/J mice to streptococcal group A carbohydrate (GAC) has been termed VK1GAC.	Carbohydrates	134-146	immunoglobulin kappa chain complex	Mus musculus	2-35
15274694-0	2004	Relationship between the in vitro-estimated utilizable crude protein and the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System crude protein fractions in feeds for ruminants.	Carbohydrates	89-101	uncoupling protein 1	Homo sapiens	44-68
6347730-1	1983	Three elevations of the insulin concentration in the blood of the v. pancreaticoduodenalis and v. portae were found in dogs fed with food containing mainly proteins, fat or carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	173-186	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	24-31
6853476-0	1983	The structures of the carbohydrate moieties of bovine blood coagulation factor IX (Christmas factor).	Carbohydrates	22-34	coagulation factor IX	Bos taurus	83-99
2443563-1	1987	Two monoclonal antibodies, CT1 and CT2, have recently been described that recognize cell type restricted carbohydrate determinants present on the T200 glycoprotein of murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vitro.	Carbohydrates	105-117	cardiotrophin 1	Mus musculus	27-30
2443563-1	1987	Two monoclonal antibodies, CT1 and CT2, have recently been described that recognize cell type restricted carbohydrate determinants present on the T200 glycoprotein of murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vitro.	Carbohydrates	105-117	cardiotrophin 2	Mus musculus	35-38
15274694-1	2004	The objectives of this experiment were to study the regression relationship between the in vitro-estimated utilizable crude protein (uCP) and the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) crude protein fractions, i.e. PA, PB1, PB2, PB3 and PC of feeds for ruminants, and the possibility of using CNCPS crude protein fractions for the estimation of uCP of feeds for ruminants.	Carbohydrates	158-170	uncoupling protein 1	Homo sapiens	107-131
3624248-0	1987	Carbohydrate structure of erythropoietin expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells by a human erythropoietin cDNA.	Carbohydrates	0-12	erythropoietin	Cricetulus griseus	26-40
6847629-4	1983	An anti-thrombin III-binding oligosaccharide preparation (containing predominantly eight to ten saccharide units), prepared by degradation of heparin with HNO2 had high (800 units/mg) anti-Factor Xa, but negligible anti-thrombin, specific activity.	Carbohydrates	34-44	coagulation factor X	Homo sapiens	189-198
15274694-1	2004	The objectives of this experiment were to study the regression relationship between the in vitro-estimated utilizable crude protein (uCP) and the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) crude protein fractions, i.e. PA, PB1, PB2, PB3 and PC of feeds for ruminants, and the possibility of using CNCPS crude protein fractions for the estimation of uCP of feeds for ruminants.	Carbohydrates	158-170	uncoupling protein 1	Homo sapiens	133-136
15310455-1	2004	The upstream stimulatory factor (USF) proteins are ubiquitously expressed and, as such, represent unusual candidates for involvement in disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	149-161	upstream transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	4-31
6085570-1	1983	The myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) is a 100 K-dalton, integral membrane glycoprotein containing 30% carbohydrate that is in central and peripheral myelin sheaths.	Carbohydrates	106-118	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	4-34
6085570-1	1983	The myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) is a 100 K-dalton, integral membrane glycoprotein containing 30% carbohydrate that is in central and peripheral myelin sheaths.	Carbohydrates	106-118	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	36-39
6085570-4	1983	Also, a highly immunogenic carbohydrate antigen on MAG, that is shared with natural killer cells and binds IgM paraproteins associated with neuropathy, is considered in detail.	Carbohydrates	27-39	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	51-54
3608529-6	1987	SMC/IGFI concentrations correlated with cumulative protein (r = .59, p less than .01), carbohydrate (r = .63, p less than .01), and energy intake (r = .64, p less than .01).	Carbohydrates	87-99	dymeclin	Homo sapiens	0-8
3606581-6	1987	These results indicate that in the presence of Ca2+/phospholipid/Factor V optimum inhibition of Factor Xa requires a saccharide sequence of heparin additional to that involved in binding to antithrombin III.	Carbohydrates	117-127	coagulation factor X	Homo sapiens	96-105
3427772-2	1987	The aim of the present study was to determine the relative importance of PAF in producing the alterations in carbohydrate metabolism following endotoxin.	Carbohydrates	109-121	PCNA clamp associated factor	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
6682090-4	1983	Both G-25 peaks were carbohydrate rich with a protein:carbohydrate ratio (by weight) of 1:4.5 and 1:5.8 for peak 1 and peak 2 respectively.	Carbohydrates	21-33	pseudopodium enriched atypical kinase 1	Homo sapiens	108-114
15310455-1	2004	The upstream stimulatory factor (USF) proteins are ubiquitously expressed and, as such, represent unusual candidates for involvement in disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	149-161	upstream transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	33-36
3622318-1	1987	The monoclonal antibody HNK-1 recognizes a carbohydrate epitope present on a host of glycoconjugates which include the glycoproteins neural cell adhesion molecules (N-CAM) myelin-associated glycoprotein and ependymins, and two glycolipids.	Carbohydrates	43-55	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	24-29
6401350-0	1983	Effects of carbohydrate-containing and carbohydrate-restricted hypocaloric and eucaloric diets on serum concentrations of retinol-binding protein, thyroxine-binding prealbumin and transferrin.	Carbohydrates	11-23	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	122-145
15221946-0	2004	Expression and putative role of lactoseries carbohydrates present on NCAM in the rat primary olfactory pathway.	Carbohydrates	44-57	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	69-73
6401350-0	1983	Effects of carbohydrate-containing and carbohydrate-restricted hypocaloric and eucaloric diets on serum concentrations of retinol-binding protein, thyroxine-binding prealbumin and transferrin.	Carbohydrates	39-51	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	122-145
6401350-12	1983	Dietary carbohydrate apparently modulates the serum concentrations of TBPA and RBP, independently of caloric intake, since ingestion of a eucaloric CRD by normal weight individuals also decreased the serum concentration of the two visceral proteins.	Carbohydrates	8-20	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	70-74
6401350-12	1983	Dietary carbohydrate apparently modulates the serum concentrations of TBPA and RBP, independently of caloric intake, since ingestion of a eucaloric CRD by normal weight individuals also decreased the serum concentration of the two visceral proteins.	Carbohydrates	8-20	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	79-82
6132362-7	1983	The results suggest that the carbohydrate moiety of amniotic fluid GGT undergoes developmental changes during gestation.	Carbohydrates	29-41	inactive glutathione hydrolase 2	Homo sapiens	67-70
3818580-2	1986	Compositional analyses of the purified glycoproteins showed that GPIIb and GPIIIa contain 15% and 18% carbohydrate by weight, respectively, which consists of galactose, mannose, glucosamine, fucose, and sialic acid.	Carbohydrates	102-114	integrin subunit alpha 2b	Homo sapiens	65-70
15213161-6	2004	Dectin 1 has a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) consisting of six cysteine residues that are highly conserved in C-type lectins.	Carbohydrates	15-27	C-type lectin domain containing 7A	Homo sapiens	0-8
3818580-9	1986	In conclusion, we found that GPIIb contained mainly complex-type sugar chains, whereas high mannose-type sugar chains were the predominant carbohydrate units in GPIIIa, and that the detected differences in the carbohydrate moieties of GPIIb and GPIIIa were quantitative but not qualitative.	Carbohydrates	210-222	integrin subunit alpha 2b	Homo sapiens	29-34
3818580-9	1986	In conclusion, we found that GPIIb contained mainly complex-type sugar chains, whereas high mannose-type sugar chains were the predominant carbohydrate units in GPIIIa, and that the detected differences in the carbohydrate moieties of GPIIb and GPIIIa were quantitative but not qualitative.	Carbohydrates	210-222	integrin subunit alpha 2b	Homo sapiens	235-240
2430667-1	1986	L2 monoclonal antibodies and HNK-1 have been shown to bind to related carbohydrate determinants in the myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and several adhesion molecules of the nervous system including neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM), L1 and J1.	Carbohydrates	70-82	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	103-133
2430667-1	1986	L2 monoclonal antibodies and HNK-1 have been shown to bind to related carbohydrate determinants in the myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and several adhesion molecules of the nervous system including neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM), L1 and J1.	Carbohydrates	70-82	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	135-138
2430667-4	1986	In addition, monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies raised to human MAG are shown to cross react with bovine N-CAM due to the presence of common carbohydrate constituents.	Carbohydrates	143-155	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	66-69
2430667-6	1986	In addition, they demonstrate that the L2 antibodies belong to a family of monoclonal antibodies (including HNK-1, human IgM paraproteins associated with neuropathy, and others) that are characterized by reactivity against carbohydrate determinants shared by human MAG, the 19-28 kDa glycoproteins of the PNS and the sulfated, glucuronic acid-containing sphingoglycolipids of the PNS.	Carbohydrates	223-235	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	265-268
6816288-5	1982	These physicochemical differences can be accounted for by the difference in carbohydrate content: A-1, when compared to A-2, had a higher content of sialic acid (5.0 and 2.1 mol/mol), neutral hexoses (10.2 and 5.9 mol/mol) and aminohexoses (10.5 and 7.0 mol/mol, respectively).	Carbohydrates	76-88	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A6	Rattus norvegicus	98-101
6290183-3	1982	T3 injection in hypothyroid animals stimulated PEPck synthesis within 6-12 h. The effect, being dose dependent and significant for 0.1 microgram T3/100 g BW, could be demonstrated in animals fasted or fed a carbohydrate-rich diet.	Carbohydrates	207-219	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	47-52
15012588-6	2004	Our recombinant human C4.4A is extensively modified by post-translational glycosylation, which include 5-6 N-linked carbohydrates primarily located in or close to its second Ly-6/uPAR/alpha-neurotoxin module and approximately 15 O-linked carbohydrates clustered in a Ser/Thr/Pro-rich region at the C-terminus.	Carbohydrates	116-129	LY6/PLAUR domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	22-27
6749836-3	1982	In the presence of tunicamycin, an inhibitor of the synthesis of protein-asparagine linked carbohydrate moieties, two smaller molecular forms each of precursor and mature proteinase A were synthesized, indicating that proteinase A contains N-linked carbohydrate which is apparently not required for processing.	Carbohydrates	91-103	proteinase A	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	171-183
6749836-3	1982	In the presence of tunicamycin, an inhibitor of the synthesis of protein-asparagine linked carbohydrate moieties, two smaller molecular forms each of precursor and mature proteinase A were synthesized, indicating that proteinase A contains N-linked carbohydrate which is apparently not required for processing.	Carbohydrates	91-103	proteinase A	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	218-230
3533069-7	1986	These data establish a physiological role for the glucokinase enzyme activity in avian carbohydrate metabolism and suggest that in contrast with the mammal, the particulate fraction is the more physiologically important enzyme.	Carbohydrates	87-99	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	50-61
15159056-2	2004	Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is a recognition molecule able to differentiate between the carbohydrates found on self glycoproteins and the carbohydrate patterns found on infectious non-self surfaces.	Carbohydrates	88-101	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-21
3768344-1	1986	Studies by a number of workers using the Langmuir film balance have shown that when carbohydrates, such as sucrose or glycerol, are dissolved in a subphase on which a phospholipid is spread, film expansion occurs (Cadenhead &amp; Demchak, 1969; Cadenhead &amp; Bean, 1972; Maggio et al., 1976; Maggio &amp; Lucy, 1978).	Carbohydrates	84-97	brain expressed associated with NEDD4 1	Homo sapiens	261-265
3760053-0	1986	Preparative fractionation of carbohydrate-rich components present in germ-free rat intestinal mucin by gel filtration.	Carbohydrates	29-41	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	94-99
3760053-2	1986	Fractionation of the carbohydrate-rich mucin present in the intestines of germ-free rats has been achieved on Dynospheres XP-3505.	Carbohydrates	21-33	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	39-44
7107612-6	1982	These studies demonstrate that residues 122-150 of the protein p-25 and glycoprotein gp-30 occupy an exposed region of the HBsAg lipoprotein particle and contain the major attachment site for carbohydrate in the case of gp-30.	Carbohydrates	192-204	tubulin polymerization promoting protein	Homo sapiens	63-67
6295927-0	1982	Spin labeling of immunoglobulin M and E carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	40-53	spindlin 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
6295927-1	1982	The analysis of ESR spectra of spin-labeled human myeloma immunoglobulins M and E has shown the rotation of spin labels bound to carbohydrates to be restricted most probably due to close attachment of oligosaccharide chains to protein parts of molecules.	Carbohydrates	129-142	spindlin 1	Homo sapiens	31-35
15159056-2	2004	Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is a recognition molecule able to differentiate between the carbohydrates found on self glycoproteins and the carbohydrate patterns found on infectious non-self surfaces.	Carbohydrates	88-101	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	23-26
6295927-1	1982	The analysis of ESR spectra of spin-labeled human myeloma immunoglobulins M and E has shown the rotation of spin labels bound to carbohydrates to be restricted most probably due to close attachment of oligosaccharide chains to protein parts of molecules.	Carbohydrates	129-142	spindlin 1	Homo sapiens	108-112
6295927-2	1982	The values of rotational correlation times for IgM, IgMs and Fc5, spin-labeled at carbohydrates, were found to be equal to 7,7 and 6 ns, respectively.	Carbohydrates	82-95	spindlin 1	Homo sapiens	66-70
15159056-2	2004	Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is a recognition molecule able to differentiate between the carbohydrates found on self glycoproteins and the carbohydrate patterns found on infectious non-self surfaces.	Carbohydrates	88-100	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-21
15159056-2	2004	Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is a recognition molecule able to differentiate between the carbohydrates found on self glycoproteins and the carbohydrate patterns found on infectious non-self surfaces.	Carbohydrates	88-100	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	23-26
15159056-4	2004	When MBL binds to suitable carbohydrate pattern it causes activation of MASPs leading to triggering of the complement cascade.	Carbohydrates	27-39	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	5-8
6119752-4	1981	The haloalkane mediated enhancement of the oxidation of cytochrome b-5 in hepatic microsomes from rats fed a high carbohydrate diet was diminished by KCN and the inhibitors of cytochrome P-450, CO and/or metyrapone, as well as by fasting of the experimental animals.	Carbohydrates	114-126	cytochrome b5 type A	Rattus norvegicus	56-70
2426302-2	1986	Seven out of 7 mouse monoclonal antibodies that recognize carbohydrate epitopes in human MAG also reacted with acidic glycolipids from human and cat peripheral nerve, while monoclonal antibodies that react with polypeptide epitopes on MAG did not react with these glycolipids.	Carbohydrates	58-70	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	89-92
15148380-2	2004	Galectin-15, also known as OVGAL11 and a previously uncharacterized member of the galectin family of secreted beta-galactoside lectins containing a conserved carbohydrate recognition domain and a separate putative integrin binding domain, was discovered in the uterus of sheep.	Carbohydrates	158-170	galectin 15	Ovis aries	0-11
15148380-2	2004	Galectin-15, also known as OVGAL11 and a previously uncharacterized member of the galectin family of secreted beta-galactoside lectins containing a conserved carbohydrate recognition domain and a separate putative integrin binding domain, was discovered in the uterus of sheep.	Carbohydrates	158-170	galectin 15	Ovis aries	27-34
15085180-4	2004	The three domains, which exhibit similar topology to each other and to the 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor, assemble into a compact structure with the uPAR/plasminogen and the carbohydrate-binding sites situated on opposite faces of the molecule.	Carbohydrates	197-209	mannose-6-phosphate receptor, cation dependent	Homo sapiens	82-127
3486889-5	1986	In addition, a significant association was encountered between persistent elevation of antibody to the group A streptococcal carbohydrate and HLA-DR4 in Caucasian patients (P less than 0.04) or HLA-DR2 in the black patients (P less than 0.001).	Carbohydrates	125-137	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 4	Homo sapiens	146-149
6114914-1	1981	To elucidate the mechanism by which somatostatin lowers blood glucose concentration and insulin requirement following carbohydrate ingestion in insulin dependent diabetic patients (IDDM; n = 6), the amount of insulin required for the assimilation of a 50 g glucose load was determined by means of an automated glucose-controlled insulin infusion system with and without concomitant somatostatin infusion.	Carbohydrates	118-130	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	36-48
6114914-6	1981	Our findings favour inhibition of intestinal carbohydrate absorption as the determining cause for the "antidiabetic" action of somatostatin.	Carbohydrates	45-57	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	127-139
6166621-10	1981	We found that the carbohydrate moiety of GP-2 was involved in the antigenic determinant for R x ZGM, while R x GP-2 was most likely directed against GP-2 polypeptide backbone.	Carbohydrates	18-30	glycoprotein 2	Rattus norvegicus	41-45
15085180-4	2004	The three domains, which exhibit similar topology to each other and to the 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor, assemble into a compact structure with the uPAR/plasminogen and the carbohydrate-binding sites situated on opposite faces of the molecule.	Carbohydrates	197-209	plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor	Homo sapiens	172-176
7008611-10	1981	These alterations strongly suggest a significant role for insulin in the modulation of fetal carbohydrate metabolism and perhaps oxygen utilization.	Carbohydrates	93-105	LOC105613195	Ovis aries	58-65
2423621-0	1986	Dietary carbohydrate level determines the effect of long-term ethanol ingestion on rat pancreatic amylase content.	Carbohydrates	8-20	amylase 2a3	Rattus norvegicus	87-105
2423621-4	1986	In control animals, a reduction in carbohydrate from 47% to 11% of total calories lowered pancreatic amylase content by 60% (from 76.1 +/- 7 U/mg protein to 30.6 U/mg protein).	Carbohydrates	35-47	amylase 2a3	Rattus norvegicus	90-108
15034907-1	2004	The CD spectra are reported for a series of 1,3-dioxane-type 4,6-O-(2"-naphthyl)methylene acetals of carbohydrates with and without interacting aromatic protective groups on the C-1, C-2, and C-3 hydroxy groups.	Carbohydrates	101-114	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C	Homo sapiens	178-181
2423621-6	1986	By contrast, when the dietary carbohydrate level was maintained at a high (40%) level, long-term ethanol ingestion slightly increased pancreatic amylase content.	Carbohydrates	30-42	amylase 2a3	Rattus norvegicus	134-152
2423621-10	1986	These results suggest that long-term ethanol ingestion has differential effects on pancreatic amylase, depending on the level of carbohydrate in the diet.	Carbohydrates	129-141	amylase 2a3	Rattus norvegicus	83-101
6159200-5	1980	hCG beta was modified in both the carbohydrate and protein parts of the molecule.	Carbohydrates	34-46	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 3	Homo sapiens	0-8
15034907-1	2004	The CD spectra are reported for a series of 1,3-dioxane-type 4,6-O-(2"-naphthyl)methylene acetals of carbohydrates with and without interacting aromatic protective groups on the C-1, C-2, and C-3 hydroxy groups.	Carbohydrates	101-114	complement C2	Homo sapiens	183-186
3085511-6	1986	The carbohydrate content of granule AAT varies with the isolation procedure used.	Carbohydrates	4-16	serpin family A member 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-39
15100404-2	2004	Here we present biophysical modeling based on recently published data from flow chamber experiments, which supports the interpretation that L-selectin-mediated tethers below the shear threshold correspond to single L-selectin carbohydrate bonds dissociating on the time scale of milliseconds, whereas L-selectin-mediated tethers above the shear threshold are stabilized by multiple bonds and fast rebinding of broken bonds, resulting in tether lifetimes on the time scale of 10(-1) seconds.	Carbohydrates	226-238	selectin L	Homo sapiens	140-150
2422468-11	1986	The net metabolic effect of insulin and dopamine in combination as compared with dopamine alone was a shift in myocardial substrate uptake from FFA to carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	151-164	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	28-35
6780161-7	1980	It is proposed that the high mannose precursor is a form of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein that exists at an early stage in assembly of the glycoprotein and which contains largely unprocessed carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	187-199	orosomucoid 1	Rattus norvegicus	60-85
15126348-3	2004	By substituting L11A, we obtained a dominant interfering galectin-1 that possessed normal carbohydrate-binding capacity but inhibited H-Ras GTP-loading and extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation, dislodged H-Ras(G12V) from the cell membrane, and attenuated H-Ras(G12V) fibroblast transformation and PC12-cell neurite outgrowth.	Carbohydrates	90-102	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	57-67
7353028-8	1980	The s20,w values of the reduced glycoproteins 1 and 2 were 15.7 S and 11.6 S. Glycoprotein 1 contained 5% protein, 70% carbohydrate and 1--2% sulphate, whereas these percentages for glycoprotein 2 were 10% protein, 65% carbohydrate and 10% sulphate.	Carbohydrates	119-131	glycoprotein 2	Rattus norvegicus	32-53
7353028-8	1980	The s20,w values of the reduced glycoproteins 1 and 2 were 15.7 S and 11.6 S. Glycoprotein 1 contained 5% protein, 70% carbohydrate and 1--2% sulphate, whereas these percentages for glycoprotein 2 were 10% protein, 65% carbohydrate and 10% sulphate.	Carbohydrates	219-231	glycoprotein 2	Rattus norvegicus	32-53
6153077-3	1980	Antigen PDEB was purified from pigeon dropping extracts and characterized as a basic glycoprotein, containing 93% protein and 7% carbohydrate, with a molecular weight of approximately 51,000.	Carbohydrates	129-141	phosphodiesterase 6B	Homo sapiens	8-12
15100290-5	2004	Also, when another carbohydrate was present in CDR1, CDR2, or CDR3 of the L chain, the V(H) CDR2 glycan remained high mannose.	Carbohydrates	19-31	cerebellar degeneration related protein 1	Homo sapiens	47-51
15121941-9	2004	Serum leptin concentration adjusted for relative weight correlated poorly with intakes of energy, fat, saturated fat, carbohydrates, sucrose, and protein.	Carbohydrates	118-131	leptin	Homo sapiens	6-12
24306375-11	1980	Fumarase synthesis in wild-type cells was not induced in the dark by levulinic acid, a chemical inducer of the breakdown ofEuglena storage carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	139-152	fumarate hydratase	Homo sapiens	0-8
3910744-0	1985	[Clinical significance of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) and carbohydrate antigen 12-5 (CA 12-5) in the sera from patients with various gynecologic tumors].	Carbohydrates	63-75	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	90-97
3841735-0	1985	Paraventricular nucleus injections of peptide YY and neuropeptide Y preferentially enhance carbohydrate ingestion.	Carbohydrates	91-103	peptide YY	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
3841735-8	1985	In 1 hr tests with 3 pure macronutrient (protein, fat and carbohydrate) diets simultaneously available, PYY and NPY (78 pmol/0.3 microliters) both elicited a strong and selective increase in carbohydrate consumption, with little or no effect on protein or fat consumption.	Carbohydrates	58-70	peptide YY	Rattus norvegicus	104-107
6445126-3	1980	Under these conditions pentosemopophosphate shunt of carbohydrate metabolism was activated as indicated by the increase in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity; the enzyme activity was decreased during the period of hypertrophy atabilization.	Carbohydrates	53-65	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	123-156
15039218-2	2004	We examined the biological roles of beta4-galactosylated carbohydrate chains in skin wound healing using mutant mice that lack beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase-I (beta4GalT-I), which is responsible for the biosynthesis of the type 2 chain in N-glycans and the core 2 branch in O-glycans.	Carbohydrates	57-69	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	36-41
7376549-5	1980	In case of carbohydrate diet, the fats started participation in energy metabolism by the 7th day.	Carbohydrates	11-23	chromosome 10 open reading frame 90	Homo sapiens	34-38
3841735-8	1985	In 1 hr tests with 3 pure macronutrient (protein, fat and carbohydrate) diets simultaneously available, PYY and NPY (78 pmol/0.3 microliters) both elicited a strong and selective increase in carbohydrate consumption, with little or no effect on protein or fat consumption.	Carbohydrates	191-203	peptide YY	Rattus norvegicus	104-107
3841735-9	1985	These results suggest that hypothalamic receptors sensitive to PYY and NPY may participate in the control of carbohydrate consumption.	Carbohydrates	109-121	peptide YY	Rattus norvegicus	63-66
3926905-5	1985	These findings suggest that altered structures of carbohydrate moiety in tyrosinase molecules play a role in the induction of loss of membrane-binding capacity of tyrosinases, resulting in the loss of melanization in pigment cells.	Carbohydrates	50-62	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	73-83
551286-2	1979	AAG consists of a single polypeptide chain, has a molecular weight of 44,100, and contains approximately 45% carbohydrate including 12% sialic acid; it is the most negatively charged of the plasma proteins.	Carbohydrates	109-121	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	0-3
15194236-1	2004	In our recent publication, we defined core aspects of the carbohydrate specificity of domain-I of recombinant tandem-repeat-type galectin-4 from rat gastrointestinal tract (G4-N), especially its potent interaction with the linear tetrasaccharide Galbeta1-3GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc (Ibeta1-3L).	Carbohydrates	58-70	galectin 4	Rattus norvegicus	129-139
94837-4	1979	The high molecular weight (581 600) tracheal mucin, which had the highest carbohydrate content (80%) of all the glycoproteins investigated, exhibited the highest fluorescence enhancement and the largest number of binding sites for these fluorescent probes.	Carbohydrates	74-86	mucin	Canis lupus familiaris	45-50
2410447-1	1985	The developmental expression of carbohydrate epitopes recognized by monoclonal antibodies HNK-1 and L2 was studied in tissue sections and cultures of mouse cerebellum.	Carbohydrates	32-44	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	90-95
3925458-3	1985	CSF-1 contains four or five cysteine residues per subunit and approximately 30-40% carbohydrate by weight.	Carbohydrates	83-95	colony stimulating factor 1 (macrophage)	Mus musculus	0-5
15030478-3	2004	By testing cAMP-dependent reactions including the accumulation of storage carbohydrates, pseudohyphal differentiation, entry of meiosis as well as the measurement of FLO11 reporter activity we show that Sut2p modulates the activity of protein kinase A (PKA).	Carbohydrates	74-87	Sut2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	203-208
2409965-0	1985	Human IgE antibody to the carbohydrate-containing third domain of chicken ovomucoid.	Carbohydrates	26-38	serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 7 (putative)	Gallus gallus	74-83
2409965-3	1985	About 30% of the serum antibody to ovomucoid reacted with the carbohydrate-containing domain, whereas little or no antibody with reactivity to the carbohydrate-free domain was detected, suggesting that the carbohydrate chain attached to the third domain played an important role in antigenic determinants of the carbohydrate-containing third domain against the human IgE antibody.	Carbohydrates	62-74	serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 7 (putative)	Gallus gallus	35-44
113401-1	1979	Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), prepared from human serum by an improved purification method, was treated with a mixture of neuraminidase, beta-galactosidase, alpha-mannosidase, and beta-N-aectylglucosaminidase, which resulted in the removal of approximately 86% of saccharides.	Carbohydrates	268-279	serpin family A member 7	Homo sapiens	0-26
113401-1	1979	Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), prepared from human serum by an improved purification method, was treated with a mixture of neuraminidase, beta-galactosidase, alpha-mannosidase, and beta-N-aectylglucosaminidase, which resulted in the removal of approximately 86% of saccharides.	Carbohydrates	268-279	serpin family A member 7	Homo sapiens	28-31
286825-2	1979	This glycoprotein, termed TA3-MM epiglycanin, was characterized by a high molecular weight (500,000), by potent inhibition of hemagglutination by the Vicia gramines lectin, and by carbohydrate and amino acid compositions nearly identical to those of the glycoprotein epiglycanin present at the surface of the allotransplantable TA3-Ha ascites cell.	Carbohydrates	180-192	mucin 21	Mus musculus	33-44
15070959-6	2004	Serum IGFBP-1 increased with higher energy and carbohydrate intake but only in the younger age group.	Carbohydrates	47-59	insulin like growth factor binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	6-13
221533-14	1979	The effects of PTH on renal MI metabolism have important implications in renal carbohydrate metabolism and phospholipid turnover.	Carbohydrates	79-91	parathyroid hormone	Canis lupus familiaris	15-18
15070959-7	2004	The difference in mean IGFBP-1 levels comparing men in the top quartile of carbohydrate intake with those in the bottom quartile was 45% in men of age 42-54 yr (P = 0.01).	Carbohydrates	75-87	insulin like growth factor binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	23-30
15070959-8	2004	Insulin, body mass index, and carbohydrate intake together explained 39% of the variability in IGFBP-1 levels in men 42-54 yr of age, 27% in men 55-64 yr, and 6% in men 65 or more years old.	Carbohydrates	30-42	insulin like growth factor binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	95-102
4010269-12	1985	More importantly, to our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that exogenously administered gastrin can increase absorption of carbohydrate (galactose; P less than 0.01) and protein (glycine; P less than 0.05).	Carbohydrates	133-145	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	98-105
15003263-4	2004	Characterization by SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry reveals that suPAR produced in this system carries a uniform glycosylation composed of biantennary carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	150-163	Su(par)	Drosophila melanogaster	64-69
390986-7	1979	The absence of this carbohydrate on the membrane in the environment of C3b results in low affinity binding of beta 1H, a circumstance that permits uptake of B to form the amplification convertase and impairs extrinsic decay of the C3-cleaving enzyme.	Carbohydrates	20-32	complement C3	Homo sapiens	71-74
390986-7	1979	The absence of this carbohydrate on the membrane in the environment of C3b results in low affinity binding of beta 1H, a circumstance that permits uptake of B to form the amplification convertase and impairs extrinsic decay of the C3-cleaving enzyme.	Carbohydrates	20-32	complement factor H	Homo sapiens	110-117
15026024-5	2004	We used an enzymatic approach to remove the carbohydrate residues from glycosylated G-CSF and tested this material for its stability in serum.	Carbohydrates	44-56	colony stimulating factor 3	Homo sapiens	84-89
103576-2	1978	The inhibitor has a molecular weight near 68,000 and contains approximately 26% carbohydrate alpha-1-Antichymotrypsin has an amino-terminal arginine and a carboxy-terminal glycine.	Carbohydrates	80-92	serpin family A member 3	Homo sapiens	93-117
3875017-6	1985	In this report we examine the glycosylation of 175ly5 and 210ly5 to determine whether differences in carbohydrate moieties may account for the different Mr of these two Ly-5 species.	Carbohydrates	101-113	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C	Homo sapiens	169-173
3967652-2	1985	Secretion of hemopexin (20% carbohydrate) and its dependence on glycosylation was studied in primary rat hepatocyte cultures in comparison to the secretion of transferrin (5% carbohydrate).	Carbohydrates	28-40	hemopexin	Rattus norvegicus	13-22
3896162-7	1985	MP1 was found to have an electrophoretic mobility in between the alpha 2- and beta 1-globulins, an isoelectric point of 4.75 and a sedimentation coefficient of 6.65 S. MP1 is a glycoprotein which contains 9.6% carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	210-223	late endosomal/lysosomal adaptor, MAPK and MTOR activator 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
14627696-3	2004	Here, we report the crystal structure of the 14F7 Fab fragment at 2.5 A resolution and its molecular model with the saccharide moiety of N-glycolyl GM3, NeuGcalpha3Galbeta4Glcbeta.	Carbohydrates	116-126	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	50-53
3896162-7	1985	MP1 was found to have an electrophoretic mobility in between the alpha 2- and beta 1-globulins, an isoelectric point of 4.75 and a sedimentation coefficient of 6.65 S. MP1 is a glycoprotein which contains 9.6% carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	210-223	late endosomal/lysosomal adaptor, MAPK and MTOR activator 3	Homo sapiens	168-171
3917147-3	1985	This pattern of reactivity, together with higher binding of the anti-ABH sera to the cells expressing stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA-1), suggests that these antisera contain antibodies against developmentally regulated carbohydrate antigens.	Carbohydrates	229-241	alkB homolog 1, histone H2A dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	69-72
894052-5	1977	Both P-1 fractions possessing Le(a) or Le(b) activity were characteristic in having a much higher focuse content than other isolated fractions, and seemed to be complex carbohydrates with molecular weights of the order of 4-5 x 10(3).	Carbohydrates	169-182	crystallin gamma F, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	5-8
14648118-8	2004	Analysis of the metabolite contents in lamina and vein fractions of the leaf, and of the enzymes of carbohydrate oxidation indicate that the phloem-enriched veins of ketohexokinase-expressing leaves tend toward hypoxia and indicate a problem of phloem transport.	Carbohydrates	100-112	ketohexokinase	Rattus norvegicus	166-180
67165-1	1977	We have previously reported that the Ia specificities, coded for by the I region within the H-2 complex, appear to consist predominantly of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	140-152	relaxin 2	Homo sapiens	92-95
14148-8	1977	Furthermore, inactivation of the carbohydrate binding site of Con A by demetallization greatly reduces the extent of thyroid peroxidase binding.	Carbohydrates	33-45	thyroid peroxidase	Homo sapiens	117-135
14148-9	1977	Reactivation of the carbohydrate binding site by the addition of Ca2+ and Mn2+ to demetallized Con A-agarose restores thyroid peroxidase binding.	Carbohydrates	20-32	thyroid peroxidase	Homo sapiens	118-136
3997791-6	1985	The carbohydrate composition of yolk-RBP was identical to that of plasma-RBP but different from that of white-RBP showing that the processing of the carbohydrate chains in the liver was different from that in the oviduct.	Carbohydrates	4-16	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	37-40
14706656-5	2004	The LD gene, EPM2A, encodes a 331 amino acid long protein named laforin that contains an N-terminal carbohydrate-binding domain (CBD) and a C-terminal dual-specificity phosphatase domain (DSPD).	Carbohydrates	100-112	EPM2A glucan phosphatase, laforin	Homo sapiens	13-18
6092383-7	1984	Since deglycosylated TBG still contains 3% of its weight as carbohydrate, it appears that the translation product contains an additional fragment (signal peptide) of about 1,500 daltons.	Carbohydrates	60-72	serpin family A member 7	Homo sapiens	21-24
942977-9	1976	Analysis of CLC revealed the presence of a protein with a molecular weight of 13,000 containing 1.2% carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	101-113	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	12-15
942977-11	1976	Human MBP and CLC protein differed in their molecular weights, carbohydrate compositions, and amino acid analyses.	Carbohydrates	63-75	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	14-17
14706656-5	2004	The LD gene, EPM2A, encodes a 331 amino acid long protein named laforin that contains an N-terminal carbohydrate-binding domain (CBD) and a C-terminal dual-specificity phosphatase domain (DSPD).	Carbohydrates	100-112	EPM2A glucan phosphatase, laforin	Homo sapiens	64-71
15032576-6	2004	Emphasis will be given to the carbohydrate and sulfation modifications of the ligands, which enable recognition by L-selectin.	Carbohydrates	30-42	selectin L	Homo sapiens	115-125
960946-0	1976	[Proceedings: Behavior of pancreatic amylase and disaccharidases in the small intestine of the rat during long-term, low-carbohydrate, isocaloric nutrition and subsequent change to normal diet].	Carbohydrates	121-133	amylase 2a3	Rattus norvegicus	26-44
182650-4	1976	The pentose phosphate, or hexose monophosphate oxidation, pathway is a major source of NADPH required for the conversion of carbohydrate to the more reduced lipids and proteins, and also furnishes the ribose and deoxyribose moieties of nucleotides and nucleic acids.	Carbohydrates	124-136	2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1	Homo sapiens	87-92
6386571-7	1984	These results suggest that the sperm receptor activity of ZP3 is dependent only on its carbohydrate components, whereas acrosome reaction-inducing activity is dependent on the polypeptide chain of ZP3 as well.	Carbohydrates	87-99	zona pellucida glycoprotein 3	Mus musculus	58-61
6517319-2	1984	The carbohydrate residues (Glc-Gal and Gal) released were separated from the modified protein or peptide by gel chromatography and were assayed by gas-liquid chromatography of their trimethylsilyl derivatives.	Carbohydrates	4-16	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	27-42
15482254-2	2004	Although a number of receptors for these carbohydrates have been proposed, the recently identified C-type lectin-like receptor, Dectin-1, appears to play a central role.	Carbohydrates	41-54	C-type lectin domain containing 7A	Homo sapiens	128-136
958652-0	1976	Adaptation of pancreatic amylase activity to enhanced parenteral carbohydrate intake in rats, and electron microscopic findings.	Carbohydrates	65-77	amylase 2a3	Rattus norvegicus	14-32
15001841-4	2004	Docking of this molecule onto the P-selectin carbohydrate-binding site demonstrated that a nitro group enabled an electrostatic interaction with residue Lys 84, while the phenyl ring and the CH2 at C-6 contacted the CH2 groups of the same Lys residue.	Carbohydrates	45-57	selectin P	Homo sapiens	34-44
6513986-8	1984	The low activities of lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase but high activities of malate dehydrogenase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase suggest that anaerobic carbohydrate catabolism follows the fumarate reductase pathway.	Carbohydrates	169-181	malic enzyme 1	Homo sapiens	87-107
813583-0	1975	Serological studies on the carbohydrate moiety of human tyrosinase.	Carbohydrates	27-39	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	56-66
15001844-2	2004	Glycosylated IL-1alpha (Neu5Ac-Gal-IL-1alpha) was purified by anion-exchange chromatography and average number of carbohydrate molecules introduced per molecule of IL-1alpha was 2.5.	Carbohydrates	114-126	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	13-22
813583-7	1975	This finding indicates that the carbohydrate chain of human tyrosinase contains D-mannose.	Carbohydrates	32-44	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	60-70
15001844-2	2004	Glycosylated IL-1alpha (Neu5Ac-Gal-IL-1alpha) was purified by anion-exchange chromatography and average number of carbohydrate molecules introduced per molecule of IL-1alpha was 2.5.	Carbohydrates	114-126	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	35-44
813583-9	1975	The data presented here suggest that the carbohydrate moiety of human tyrosinase is linked to the protein core in an alkali-stable form.	Carbohydrates	41-53	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	70-80
6204864-1	1984	Regulation of the expression of pancreatic amylase genes was studied by comparing groups of rats fed diets with high (75%), intermediate (20%) and low (11%) carbohydrate content.	Carbohydrates	157-169	amylase 2a3	Rattus norvegicus	32-50
15481102-8	2004	MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS/MS of permethylated oligosaccharides appears to be a powerful tool for carbohydrate structural analysis.	Carbohydrates	88-100	FEZ family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	0-16
14614673-3	2003	MBL binds microbial surface carbohydrates and mediates opsonophagocytosis directly and by activation of the lectin complement pathway.	Carbohydrates	28-41	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
6146549-6	1984	It was concluded that the heterogeneity of the gamma-GTP isoenzyme could not be identified by either gel filtration or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and it is necessary to investigate the modification of carbohydrate structure on tumor.	Carbohydrates	210-222	inactive glutathione hydrolase 2	Homo sapiens	47-56
6725247-0	1984	Novel carbohydrate structures of cathepsin B from porcine spleen.	Carbohydrates	6-18	cathepsin B	Homo sapiens	33-44
14769876-5	2003	The adhesion was dependent on the carbohydrate-recognition domain of galectin-1 since lactose inhibited the adhesion and exogenously-added galectin-1 caused the adhesion.	Carbohydrates	34-46	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	69-79
6725247-7	1984	These results suggest that the cathepsin B carbohydrates are processed in vivo by enzymic systems specific to each isozyme.	Carbohydrates	43-56	cathepsin B	Homo sapiens	31-42
6368551-5	1984	Carboxypeptidase Y and mnn9 oligosaccharides were identical, which suggests that the mnn9 mutation eliminates the differences in carbohydrate structure that distinguish intra- from extracellular mannoproteins.	Carbohydrates	129-141	mannosyltransferase complex subunit MNN9	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	85-89
14769876-5	2003	The adhesion was dependent on the carbohydrate-recognition domain of galectin-1 since lactose inhibited the adhesion and exogenously-added galectin-1 caused the adhesion.	Carbohydrates	34-46	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	139-149
14634093-4	2003	In this study, we show that a helminth carbohydrate, lacto-N-fucopentaose III (LNFPIII) functions as an innate Th2 promoter via its action on murine dendritic cells, with the alpha1-3-linked fucose required for this activity.	Carbohydrates	39-51	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	111-114
6546383-2	1984	Liver L-type pyruvate kinase and aldolase B mRNAs are the two species whose translational activity increases the most after feeding starved rats a high carbohydrate diet (Simon, M. P., Besmond, C., Cottreau, D., Weber, A., Chaumet-Riffaud, P., Dreyfus, J. C., Sala Trepat, J., Marie, J., and Kahn, A.	Carbohydrates	152-164	aldolase, fructose-bisphosphate B	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
6546383-8	1984	Carbohydrate diet induced an increase of both mRNA concentrations, with a maximum at the 12-18th h; at this time, mRNA concentration was increased about 4-8 times for aldolase B and 40-100 times for L-type pyruvate kinase, translational activities representing about 1% of the total mRNA activity for both enzymes.	Carbohydrates	0-12	aldolase, fructose-bisphosphate B	Rattus norvegicus	167-177
6546383-11	1984	In the kidney, aldolase B mRNA synthesis was high in starved rats and was only slightly stimulated by carbohydrates (1.5-2.5 times).	Carbohydrates	102-115	aldolase, fructose-bisphosphate B	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
6546383-13	1984	In the small intestine, in contrast, the extent of aldolase B mRNA induction by a carbohydrate diet was similar to that in the liver, while L-type pyruvate kinase mRNA concentration was practically similar in starved and refed rats (about 1:10 of the concentration observed in refed rat liver).	Carbohydrates	82-94	aldolase, fructose-bisphosphate B	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
6546383-14	1984	These results seem to indicate that the mechanisms responsible for carbohydrate induction of L-type pyruvate kinase and aldolase B are different.	Carbohydrates	67-79	aldolase, fructose-bisphosphate B	Rattus norvegicus	120-130
14643407-6	2003	Surface carbohydrate components of PAF- and propranolol-induced sclerotic cells were also evaluated, by flow cytometry analysis with twelve different lectins.	Carbohydrates	8-20	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	35-38
6199795-0	1984	IgM in a human neuropathy related to paraproteinemia binds to a carbohydrate determinant in the myelin-associated glycoprotein and to a ganglioside.	Carbohydrates	64-76	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	96-126
6199795-2	1984	The antigenic determinant reacting with the IgM from all three patients was in the carbohydrate part of the MAG molecule.	Carbohydrates	83-95	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	108-111
6199795-4	1984	The results indicate that the IgM paraproteins in these patients react with a carbohydrate determinant that is shared between MAG and a peripheral nerve ganglioside.	Carbohydrates	78-90	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	126-129
14630391-7	2003	Inhibition by lactose indicated an involvement of the carbohydrate recognition domain in nuclear binding of galectin-1.	Carbohydrates	54-66	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	108-118
14517974-1	2003	Galectin-1 is a member of a protein family historically characterized by its ability to bind carbohydrates containing a terminal galactosyl residue.	Carbohydrates	93-106	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
6324888-0	1984	Interactions with lectins indicate differences in the carbohydrate composition of the membrane-bound enzymes acetylcholinesterase and 5"-nucleotidase in different cell types.	Carbohydrates	54-66	acetylcholinesterase	Bos taurus	109-129
14517974-6	2003	The MD results indicate that a set of anchoring interactions between the galectin-1 carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) and the LacNAc core are maintained for a diverse set of ligands and that substituents at the nonreducing terminus of the oligosaccharide extend into the remainder of a characteristic surface groove.	Carbohydrates	84-96	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	73-83
12855678-2	2003	GlcNAc6ST-2 is a member of a family of related enzymes that act on similar carbohydrate substrates in vitro but discrete glycoproteins in vivo.	Carbohydrates	75-87	carbohydrate sulfotransferase 4	Homo sapiens	0-11
6423238-1	1984	The solubility of various Ca(II) salts, hydroxyapatite, and powdered human dental enamel in the presence of simple carbohydrates was studied by determining the complex strength between Ca(II) and the carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	115-128	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	26-32
6423238-1	1984	The solubility of various Ca(II) salts, hydroxyapatite, and powdered human dental enamel in the presence of simple carbohydrates was studied by determining the complex strength between Ca(II) and the carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	115-128	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	185-191
6418639-4	1984	In addition NK cells will kill certain allogeneic PBLs even when they are fully sialylated, and this killing appears to be directed against the carbohydrate ABO blood group of the foreign target.	Carbohydrates	144-156	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	157-160
14586332-2	2003	Because NPY may exert a preferential role in mediating adult carbohydrate intake, we sought to determine the effect of central NPY on near-term fetal carbohydrate ingestion.	Carbohydrates	150-162	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	127-130
6619126-9	1983	A larger saccharide was also isolated and its partial sequence was determined to be Gal(beta 1,3/4)GlcNAc(beta 1,?	Carbohydrates	9-19	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	88-94
6619126-9	1983	A larger saccharide was also isolated and its partial sequence was determined to be Gal(beta 1,3/4)GlcNAc(beta 1,?	Carbohydrates	9-19	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	106-112
14577607-6	2003	These data suggest that the carbohydrates or glyceraldehyde were metabolised to form carbonyls such as MG which depleted erythrocyte GSH as a result of catalysis by glyoxalase I.	Carbohydrates	28-41	glyoxalase I	Homo sapiens	165-177
6861148-11	1983	GP and PAP were found to have different carbohydrate content, amino acid composition, amino-terminal sequence, and peptide map.	Carbohydrates	40-52	acid phosphatase 3	Homo sapiens	7-10
14551028-2	2003	Studies here, which use fluorescein-labeled synthetic A determinant (GalNAcalpha1-3Fucalpha1-2Gal), demonstrate that B cells bearing surface IgM (sIgM) receptors recognizing blood group A carbohydrate determinant are found exclusively in a small B cell subpopulation, i.e. sIgM+ CD11b+ CD5+ B1 cells, in blood group O human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).	Carbohydrates	188-200	CD5 molecule	Homo sapiens	286-289
6406497-6	1983	HNP had a molecular weight of 141,000 and fragments of molecular weights 60,000, 38,000, 26,000, and 17,000 in equimolar ratio; the two smallest fragments contained carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	165-177	kallikrein related peptidase 8	Homo sapiens	0-3
12889478-2	2003	Most L-selectin ligands such as CD34 and podocalyxin present sulfated carbohydrate structures (6-sulfated sialyl Lewis x or 6-sulfo-sLex) as a recognition determinant within their heavily glycosylated mucin domains.	Carbohydrates	70-82	selectin L	Homo sapiens	5-15
6142676-4	1983	These results support the conceivability that novel gamma-GTP in the sera of HCC patients is largely due to structural differences in the carbohydrate moieties.	Carbohydrates	138-150	inactive glutathione hydrolase 2	Homo sapiens	52-61
6198055-4	1983	We were also able to show that the levels of specific mRNA for pancreatic amylase and serine protease zymogens could directly be related to the amount of carbohydrate or protein in the diet.	Carbohydrates	154-166	amylase 2a3	Rattus norvegicus	63-81
12690116-5	2003	Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-(1-38) (PACAP38), a critical mediator of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, was also determined to be efficiently processed by DP-IV in vitro.	Carbohydrates	102-114	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	178-183
6297855-2	1983	3.1.3.3) (PSP), a phosphohydrolase, participates in the biosynthesis of serine from carbohydrates (Moro-Furlani et al., 1980).	Carbohydrates	84-97	phosphoserine phosphatase	Homo sapiens	10-13
6277894-8	1982	The proposed structure, Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-6(Gal beta 1-3)GalNAcol, has previously been found in human gastric, submaxillary, and ovarian cyst mucins in their carbohydrate-to-protein linkage regions.	Carbohydrates	166-178	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	28-34
6277894-8	1982	The proposed structure, Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-6(Gal beta 1-3)GalNAcol, has previously been found in human gastric, submaxillary, and ovarian cyst mucins in their carbohydrate-to-protein linkage regions.	Carbohydrates	166-178	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	43-49
12771980-3	2003	Raised levels of IGF-I and/or its molar ratio with IGFBP-3 were associated with higher intakes of milk, dairy products, calcium, carbohydrate and polyunsaturated fat; lower levels with high vegetable consumption, particularly tomatoes.	Carbohydrates	129-141	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	51-58
7263622-6	1981	Here we present data showing that the asparagine-linked carbohydrate moiety of soybean agglutinin is homogeneous and possesses the following structure: (formula, see text) This conclusion is based on high resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy at 500 MHz of the isolated glycopeptide, and at 360 MHz of the oligosaccharide Man9GlcNAc obtained after digestion of the crude soybean agglutinin glycopeptide by endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H. The revised structure is identical in all respects with that of the high mannose N-glycosidic units of porcine thyroglobulin, of bovine lactotransferrin, and of the glycoprotein from Chinese hamster ovary cell membranes.	Carbohydrates	56-68	mannosidase alpha class 1A member 1	Homo sapiens	315-319
6165502-6	1981	The present data suggest that the novel gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase has the same antigen site as the normal kidney enzyme, but differs from the latter at least in its sialic acid content and in some other carbohydrate moieties.	Carbohydrates	207-219	inactive glutathione hydrolase 2	Homo sapiens	40-69
12626390-10	2003	These carbohydrate differences allow a distinction to be made between PSA from normal and tumor origins and suggest a valuable biochemical tool for diagnosis and follow-up purposes.	Carbohydrates	6-18	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	70-73
6988697-5	1980	The adenosine deaminase-binding protein, purified by adenosine deaminase affinity chromatography, appears to be a dimer of native molecular weight 213,000 and contains carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	168-180	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	4-23
6988697-5	1980	The adenosine deaminase-binding protein, purified by adenosine deaminase affinity chromatography, appears to be a dimer of native molecular weight 213,000 and contains carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	168-180	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	53-72
12626400-6	2003	Site-directed mutagenesis within the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of DC-SIGN demonstrates that amino acids E324 and E347 are involved in binding to HIV gp120, Lex, and SEAs.	Carbohydrates	37-49	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	161-166
12626400-9	2003	Our data imply that DC-SIGN not only is a pathogen receptor for HIV gp120 but may also function in pathogen recognition by interaction with the carbohydrate antigens Lex and possibly LDNF, which are found on important human pathogens, such as schistosomes and the bacterium Helicobacter pylori.	Carbohydrates	144-156	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	68-73
12670495-7	2003	The results indicate that endo-beta-galactosidase-sensitive and mAb FH6-reactive carbohydrate chains are generated under the control of expression levels of FUT6 and involved in the adhesion of colon carcinoma cells to liver sections.	Carbohydrates	81-93	fucosyltransferase 6	Homo sapiens	157-161
12826085-6	2003	Together with our previously reported effects on T cells, these findings identify PP14 as a soluble regulatory factor capable of interacting with both T and B cells in a carbohydrate-dependent manner and as a result it can affect both cellular and humoral immune responses.	Carbohydrates	170-182	progestagen associated endometrial protein	Homo sapiens	82-86
479198-5	1979	This glycolipid, although not isolated and structurally characterized before, has long been thought of as a precursor substance of the Lewis active glycolipids and of ABH-active glycolipids with a type 1 saccharide chain.	Carbohydrates	204-214	alkB homolog 1, histone H2A dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	167-170
12689412-7	2003	Inhibition by monoclonal antibodies specific for carbohydrates also implicates the involvement of carbohydrates in the interaction between SAG and gp120.	Carbohydrates	49-62	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	147-152
468845-8	1979	Preliminary experiments indicate that human terminal transferase may contain a small amount of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	95-107	DNA nucleotidylexotransferase	Homo sapiens	44-64
12689412-7	2003	Inhibition by monoclonal antibodies specific for carbohydrates also implicates the involvement of carbohydrates in the interaction between SAG and gp120.	Carbohydrates	98-111	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	147-152
465128-4	1979	All elastin samples contained small amounts of carbohydrate and hydroxyproline.	Carbohydrates	47-59	elastin	Homo sapiens	4-11
12689412-8	2003	These results argue that the anti-HIV-1 activity of SAG is due to carbohydrate-mediated binding to gp120.	Carbohydrates	66-78	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	99-104
12619800-2	2003	The MBL exerts its function by directly binding to microbial surfaces through its carbohydrate recognition domains, followed by direct opsonization or complement activation via MBL-associated serine proteases (MASP)-1 and -2.	Carbohydrates	82-94	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	4-7
99447-11	1978	The carbohydrate structures of the glycopeptides and relative affinities of TBG, glycopeptides and oligosaccharides for hepatocyte plasma membrane binding are presented in the accompanying paper (Zinn, A.B., Marshall, J.S., and Carlson, D.M.	Carbohydrates	4-16	serpin family A member 7	Homo sapiens	76-79
12765789-1	2003	Polysialic acid is a unique carbohydrate composed of a linear homopolymer of alpha2,8-linked sialic acid, and is mainly attached to the fifth immunoglobulin-like domain of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) via a typical N-linked glycan in vertebrate neural system.	Carbohydrates	28-40	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	176-205
211131-0	1978	Carbohydrate structures of thyroxine-binding globulin and their effects on hepatocyte membrane binding.	Carbohydrates	0-12	serpin family A member 7	Homo sapiens	27-53
14606987-8	2003	The insulin sensitizer metformin, on the other hand, does not affect PPG levels, whereas the alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, in the presence of a high-carbohydrate diet, can effectively lower PPG.	Carbohydrates	149-161	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	93-110
12797442-7	2003	Although DC-SIGN is a C-type lectin with an affinity for carbohydrates exemplified by its interaction with its immunological ligand ICAM-3, recent evidence demonstrates that glycosylation of gp120 is not necessary for its interaction with DC-SIGN.	Carbohydrates	57-70	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	191-196
658312-2	1978	The close correlation between blood glucose and motilin suggest a possible role of this new hormone in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	103-115	motilin	Homo sapiens	48-55
12525824-4	2003	We have shown that such platelet-promoted enhancement of LPS-induced TF activity in monocytes in whole blood depends on neutrophil involvement in a P-selectin/CD15 (a leukocyte membrane-bound carbohydrate)-dependent reaction.	Carbohydrates	192-204	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	69-71
205501-0	1978	Spin-labeling of immunoglobulin carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	32-45	spindlin 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
1193312-0	1975	Influence of antecedent carbohydrate intake on the biphasic insulin response to intravenous glucose.	Carbohydrates	24-36	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	60-67
1193312-3	1975	It was found that starvation erased the first phase of the biphasic insulin response shown by dogs on ordinary carbohydrate intake and that high-carbohydrate intake abolished the trough between the two phases.	Carbohydrates	111-123	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	68-75
1202712-2	1975	Taking into account the data obtained, an assumption is advanced that the biosynthesis of pentoses in the pentosophosphate way of carbohydrates transformation in the rat liver proceeds in its non-oxidative branch with transketolase and transaldolase participating in the process.	Carbohydrates	130-143	transketolase	Rattus norvegicus	218-231
12525824-4	2003	We have shown that such platelet-promoted enhancement of LPS-induced TF activity in monocytes in whole blood depends on neutrophil involvement in a P-selectin/CD15 (a leukocyte membrane-bound carbohydrate)-dependent reaction.	Carbohydrates	192-204	selectin P	Homo sapiens	148-158
32437-10	1978	The results of carbohydrate and lipid analyses indicated that the oxidoreductase is a glycolipoprotein with fucose, galactose, mannose, and glucosamine as the sugar components and cholesterol and sphingomyelin as the lipid constituents.	Carbohydrates	15-27	thioredoxin reductase 1	Homo sapiens	66-80
12693455-1	2003	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) are a family of nuclear receptors that regulate lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in response to extracellular fatty acids and their metabolites.	Carbohydrates	109-121	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	45-49
62817-3	1976	Beta 1 H appears to be composed of a single polypeptide chain containing a significant quantity of carbohydrate, and having a sedimentation coefficient of 5.6 on analytical, and 6.4 on sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation.	Carbohydrates	99-111	complement factor H	Homo sapiens	0-8
166149-7	1975	Administration of dibutyryl cyclic AMP abolished the carbohydrate-induced depression of urinary output of urea and total nitrogen as well as partially the activity of serine dehydratase in liver.	Carbohydrates	53-65	serine dehydratase	Rattus norvegicus	167-185
14579566-0	2003	Carbohydrate binding activity of annexin V toward a bisecting N-acetylglucosamine.	Carbohydrates	0-12	annexin A5	Homo sapiens	33-42
1125949-1	1975	The structures of the carbohydrate chains present in fragments of a large-molecular-weight glycoprotein, epiglycanin, cleaved from the surface of viable TA3-Ha murine mammary carcinoma ascites cells and purified by gel filtration, were studied by immunochemical and chemical methods.	Carbohydrates	22-34	mucin 21	Mus musculus	105-116
1125949-7	1975	It is suggested that the native molecule of epiglycanin of molecular weight 500,000 contains more than 500 carbohydrate chains attached to a single polypeptide chain of similar to 1,300 amino acid units.	Carbohydrates	107-119	mucin 21	Mus musculus	44-55
1156366-21	1975	An octasaccharide derived from the carbohydrate sequence -GalNAc---GlcUA-GalNAc-IdUA-GalNAc-GlcUA-GalNAc-IdUA-GalNAc---GlcUA-GalNAc (--- indicates the position of cleavage by hyaluronidase) was identified.	Carbohydrates	35-47	hemopexin	Sus scrofa	175-188
966071-10	1976	Mitochondrial PEPCK and PYCAR activities in both liver and kidney were increased in dogs fed the carbohydrate-free diets.	Carbohydrates	97-109	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Canis lupus familiaris	14-19
12890998-2	2003	Therefore, it is entirely conceivable that alpha-amylase having several lectin-like carbohydrate recognition domains can modulate the CCK-8 stimulated lipase secretion.	Carbohydrates	84-96	lipase G, endothelial type	Rattus norvegicus	151-157
48419-16	1975	Biochemical studies showed that prostatic acid phosphatase isoenzyme is a glycoprotein which consists of 7 percent carbohydrate and 93 percent protein.	Carbohydrates	115-127	acid phosphatase 3	Homo sapiens	32-58
12463751-2	2002	Previously, it was shown that the affinity of EPO for its receptor, EPOR, is inversely related to the sialylation of EPO carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	121-133	erythropoietin receptor	Homo sapiens	68-72
59814-10	1976	The presence of the complete carbohydrate moiety is crucial for the cleavage of NVP 68 into the envelope proteins E2 and E3 and, thus, for virus maturation.	Carbohydrates	29-41	cystatin 12, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	114-123
12470741-0	2002	Diverse regulation of protein function by O-GlcNAc: a nuclear and cytoplasmic carbohydrate post-translational modification.	Carbohydrates	78-90	O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase	Homo sapiens	42-50
1239120-2	1975	A replacement of one half of carbohydrates in the liquid ration with an isocaloric quantity of ethyl alcohol led over a period of 2 and 4 months to a rise in the activity of the erythocytes transketolase.	Carbohydrates	29-42	transketolase	Rattus norvegicus	190-203
4373463-0	1974	Structure of the carbohydrate units of IgA1 immunoglobulin.	Carbohydrates	17-29	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1	Homo sapiens	39-43
4436308-0	1974	Structure of the carbohydrate units of IgA1 immunoglobulin.	Carbohydrates	17-29	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1	Homo sapiens	39-43
12487819-1	2002	Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a C-type lectin of the innate immune system that binds to carbohydrates on the surface of certain microorganisms.	Carbohydrates	90-103	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	24-27
4809063-0	1974	Induction of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by a 90 percent carbohydrate diet and 8-azaguanine insensitive induction of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase following a transfer from the 90 percent carbohydrate diet to a 90 percent protein diet.	Carbohydrates	63-75	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	13-46
12411537-14	2002	In summary, at rest, carbohydrate ingestion induced multiple metabolic changes which included decreased acetylcarnitine availability and small increases in PDHa.	Carbohydrates	21-33	pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	156-160
4938379-0	1971	Enhancement of liver glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by kietary carbohydrate and insulin.	Carbohydrates	66-78	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	21-54
4205592-2	1974	Some immunological crossreactivity was found between the antibody to prothrombin and factor X although prothrombin and factor X differ substantially in amino-acid and carbohydrate composition.	Carbohydrates	167-179	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Bos taurus	69-80
4205592-2	1974	Some immunological crossreactivity was found between the antibody to prothrombin and factor X although prothrombin and factor X differ substantially in amino-acid and carbohydrate composition.	Carbohydrates	167-179	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Bos taurus	103-114
4778275-7	1973	Factor Xa is a glycoprotein containing about 14% carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	49-61	coagulation factor X	Homo sapiens	0-9
12413698-1	2002	The mannan binding lectin (MBL) plays a major role in innate immunity through its ability to activate complement upon binding to carbohydrate arrays on the surface of various microorganisms.	Carbohydrates	129-141	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	4-25
13661385-0	1959	C14 studies in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	15-27	anti-Mullerian hormone receptor type 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
12413698-1	2002	The mannan binding lectin (MBL) plays a major role in innate immunity through its ability to activate complement upon binding to carbohydrate arrays on the surface of various microorganisms.	Carbohydrates	129-141	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	27-30
4114403-0	1972	Investigation of the antigenicity of the carbohydrate moiety of chicken ovalbumin.	Carbohydrates	41-53	ovalbumin (SERPINB14)	Gallus gallus	72-81
12439085-8	2002	24-h carbohydrate oxidation was significantly elevated on the exercise days (BK = 370 +/- 18 g x d(-1), WTS = 349 +/- 23 g x d(-1), P &gt; 0.05) compared with Con (249 +/- 29 g x d(-1), P = 0.04).	Carbohydrates	5-17	histone deacetylase 8	Homo sapiens	104-107
14352551-0	1954	[Action of insulin and of variable doses of glucose on the assimilation of carbohydrates in the dog].	Carbohydrates	75-88	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	11-18
12270721-2	2002	Consequently, CVN potently blocks HIV entry through highly avid carbohydrate-mediated interactions with the HIV-envelope glycoprotein gp120, and is under preclinical investigation as an anti-HIV microbicide.	Carbohydrates	64-76	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	134-139
18935186-0	1948	The role of insulinase in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	44-56	insulin degrading enzyme	Homo sapiens	12-22
24481657-2	1972	Under a variety of cultural conditions, including variation in initial auxin and carbohydrate levels, there appears to be a close correlation between phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity and polyphenol synthesis, although there is some discrepancy in timing between the maximum rate of polyphenol accumulation and the period of maximum enzyme content.	Carbohydrates	81-93	peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase	Homo sapiens	150-177
24481657-2	1972	Under a variety of cultural conditions, including variation in initial auxin and carbohydrate levels, there appears to be a close correlation between phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity and polyphenol synthesis, although there is some discrepancy in timing between the maximum rate of polyphenol accumulation and the period of maximum enzyme content.	Carbohydrates	81-93	peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase	Homo sapiens	179-182
5125245-0	1971	Comparison of the carbohydrate portion of membrane H-2 alloantigens isolated from spleen cells and tumor cells.	Carbohydrates	18-30	relaxin 2	Homo sapiens	51-54
12396007-1	2002	Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) and ficolins (L-ficolin and H-ficolin) initiate the lectin pathway of complement activation upon binding to microbial carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	146-159	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-21
4397223-0	1971	The significance of the carbohydrate constituents of bovine thrombin for the clotting activity.	Carbohydrates	24-36	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Bos taurus	60-68
12396007-1	2002	Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) and ficolins (L-ficolin and H-ficolin) initiate the lectin pathway of complement activation upon binding to microbial carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	146-159	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	23-26
5810081-7	1969	Re-feeding with a high-carbohydrate or high-fat diet for 3 days restored the activity of all the enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway to the range of the control values, with the exception of transketolase, which showed a marked ;overshoot" in rats re-fed with carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	23-35	transketolase	Rattus norvegicus	196-209
33724805-2	2021	MGL contains an extracellular calcium-dependent (C-type) carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) that specifically binds terminal N-acetylgalactosamine glycan residues such as the Tn and sialyl-Tn antigens found on tumor cells, as well as other N- and O-glycans displayed on certain viruses and parasites.	Carbohydrates	57-69	C-type lectin domain containing 10A	Homo sapiens	0-3
4242507-2	1969	Suppressibility by pyridoxal-5-phosphate of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and other enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism].	Carbohydrates	99-111	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	44-77
12396010-3	2002	The domain organizations between ficolins and mannose-binding lectin (MBL) are very similar in that both consist of a collagen-like domain and a carbohydrate-binding domain, although their carbohydrate-binding moieties are different.	Carbohydrates	145-157	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	46-68
12396010-3	2002	The domain organizations between ficolins and mannose-binding lectin (MBL) are very similar in that both consist of a collagen-like domain and a carbohydrate-binding domain, although their carbohydrate-binding moieties are different.	Carbohydrates	145-157	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	70-73
4381231-0	1967	Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the pentose phosphate cycle, and its place in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	81-93	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-33
12396010-3	2002	The domain organizations between ficolins and mannose-binding lectin (MBL) are very similar in that both consist of a collagen-like domain and a carbohydrate-binding domain, although their carbohydrate-binding moieties are different.	Carbohydrates	189-201	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	46-68
12396010-3	2002	The domain organizations between ficolins and mannose-binding lectin (MBL) are very similar in that both consist of a collagen-like domain and a carbohydrate-binding domain, although their carbohydrate-binding moieties are different.	Carbohydrates	189-201	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	70-73
12057664-0	2002	Effect of protonation of the N-acetyl neuraminic acid residue of sialyl Lewis(X): a molecular orbital study with insights into its binding properties toward the carbohydrate recognition domain of E-selectin.	Carbohydrates	161-173	selectin E	Homo sapiens	196-206
14314403-0	1965	THE CARBOHYDRATE INTERMEDIATES OF ERYTHROCYTES DEFICIENT IN GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE.	Carbohydrates	4-16	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	60-93
14159026-0	1964	THE CARBOHYDRATE COMPOSITION OF THE NAC1-SOLUBLE FRACTION FROM AUTOCLAVED ELASTIN.	Carbohydrates	4-16	elastin	Homo sapiens	74-81
33888555-4	2021	Instead, MED1 is required for postnatal adipose expansion and the induction of fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis genes after pups switch diet from high-fat maternal milk to carbohydrate-based chow.	Carbohydrates	177-189	mediator complex subunit 1	Mus musculus	9-13
33933676-3	2021	However, we show here that in contrast to canonical NRF2 activation, prolonged non-canonical NRF2 activation via p62-mediated sequestration of KEAP1 increases carbohydrate flux through the polyol pathway, resulting in a pro-diabetic shift in glucose homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	159-171	nucleoporin 62	Homo sapiens	113-116
12126626-0	2002	The structures of crystalline complexes of human serum amyloid P component with its carbohydrate ligand, the cyclic pyruvate acetal of galactose.	Carbohydrates	84-96	amyloid P component, serum	Homo sapiens	49-74
33930495-2	2021	Genetic variations in TAS1R2 have been shown to be associated with differential sweetness intensity and varying carbohydrate intake levels among individuals.	Carbohydrates	112-124	taste 1 receptor member 2	Homo sapiens	22-28
33930463-5	2021	Our data indicates high carbohydrate diet to enforce nuclear shuttling of hepatic NF-kappaB p65 and repress transcript levels of Sorcin, a cytosolic interacting partner of ChREBP.	Carbohydrates	24-36	sorcin	Homo sapiens	129-135
33930463-7	2021	We further report that pharmacological inhibition of NF-kappaB, abrogated high carbohydrate diet-mediated sorcin repression, and thereby prevented ChREBP nuclear translocation and this, in turn, attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation both in in vitro and in vivo.	Carbohydrates	79-91	sorcin	Homo sapiens	106-112
32909036-3	2021	Here, we used crystallography and NMR spectroscopy to demonstrate that negatively charged homogalacturonans (HG, linear polysaccharides of alpha(1 4)-linked-D-galacturonate (GalA)) bind to the galectin-3 carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	204-216	galactosidase alpha	Homo sapiens	174-178
16654466-0	1952	The Effect of Hypocotyl Temperature on Translocation of Carbohydrates from Bean Leaves.	Carbohydrates	56-69	brain expressed associated with NEDD4 1	Homo sapiens	75-79
16654392-0	1951	THE EFFECT OF PETIOLE TEMPERATURE ON THE TRANSLOCATION OF CARBOHYDRATES FROM BEAN LEAVES.	Carbohydrates	58-71	brain expressed associated with NEDD4 1	Homo sapiens	77-81
11980897-3	2002	The recombinant soluble form of ST8Sia VI expressed in COS-7 cells exhibited alpha2,8-sialyltransferase activity toward both glycolipids and glycoproteins that have the NeuAcalpha2,3(6)Gal sequence at the nonreducing end of their carbohydrate groups.	Carbohydrates	230-242	ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 6	Mus musculus	32-41
16653529-0	1938	CARBOHYDRATES OF BEAN PLANTS AFTER TREATMENT WITH INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID.	Carbohydrates	0-13	brain expressed associated with NEDD4 1	Homo sapiens	17-21
16994968-0	1938	The carbohydrate metabolism of the foetal dog under the influence of insulin.	Carbohydrates	4-16	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	69-76
33634934-3	2021	The subtle reactivity differences among the hydroxyl groups on various carbohydrate molecules can be defined by Aka, which is easily accessible by a simple and convenient automation system to assure high reproducibility and accuracy.	Carbohydrates	71-83	neurogenin 1	Homo sapiens	112-115
33881487-4	2021	For example, alloantibodies to ABO blood group carbohydrates can help reduce the spread of some infectious diseases, but they also impose limitations for blood transfusions.	Carbohydrates	47-60	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	31-46
33925949-5	2021	However, there is accumulating evidence that considerable competition for nutrients such as carbohydrates and amino acids within the tumour microenvironment (TME) coupled with immunosuppression result in mitochondrial dysfunction, exhaustion, and subsequent CAR-T cell depletion.	Carbohydrates	92-105	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 3	Homo sapiens	258-261
33592694-6	2021	The optimum [M + Ca + I]+ complex can be potentially used as an effective complex for enhancing the IMS separation resolution of isomeric carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	138-151	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	17-23
33608323-4	2021	We earlier developed a relevant large-animal model in which overnourished sheep raised on a high-calorie carbohydrate-rich diet develop hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis.	Carbohydrates	105-117	LOC105613195	Ovis aries	156-163
33724024-3	2021	By extensive gene-knockout studies with comparative metabolic profile analysis, we established a complete pathway in assembling the heptadecasaccharide chain of SA-A, the longest saccharide chain found in natural products.	Carbohydrates	141-151	serum amyloid A1 cluster	Homo sapiens	161-165
33542717-2	2020	SP-D is composed of an N-terminal collagen-like domain and a calcium-dependent carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD).	Carbohydrates	79-91	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	0-4
33486247-5	2021	Further, exposure to the combined PPCPs disrupted the carbohydrate metabolism via significant upregulation of hk1, gk, pck1, and insr genes.	Carbohydrates	54-66	hexokinase 1	Danio rerio	110-113
33899995-3	2021	The underlying mechanism of carbohydrates regulates the lipids and glucose metabolism through their metabolites (short-chain fatty acids [SCFAs]) and mainly via the SCFAs-GPR43/41-PYY/GLP1, SCFAs-AMP/ATP-AMPK, and SCFAs-AMPK-G6Pase/PEPCK pathways.	Carbohydrates	28-41	free fatty acid receptor 2	Sus scrofa	171-176
33281070-8	2021	Meanwhile, higher tumor PKD1 was correlated with elevated tumor size, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage, carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199) level and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) level; while no correlation was found in tumor PKD1 with patients" basic features or liver function indexes.	Carbohydrates	114-126	protein kinase D1	Homo sapiens	24-28
33106232-7	2020	For example, for starvation resistance in females, GO:0033500 (r = 0.39 for transcripts) and GO:0032870 (r = 0.40 for transcripts), have been implicated in carbohydrate homeostasis and cellular response to hormone stimulus (including the insulin receptor signaling pathway), respectively.	Carbohydrates	156-168	Insulin-like receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	238-254
33103288-3	2020	The system antigens are determined by carbohydrate structures generated by A and B glycosyltransferases encoded by the ABO gene.	Carbohydrates	38-50	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	119-122
33240437-2	2020	The NF is mainly composed of the human-identical milk oligosaccharide (HiMO) LNnT but also contains lactose, lacto-N-triose II (LNT II), para-lacto-N-neo-hexaose (para-LNnH) and other related carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	192-205	neurofascin	Homo sapiens	4-6
32857514-1	2020	A high-yielding palladium-catalyzed C-S cross-coupling is presented for utilization in carbohydrate chemistry as a key transformation for attachment of a second chelating sulfur atom that allows the exploitation of a latent-active glycosylation strategy with Cu(OTf)2 as the promoter.	Carbohydrates	87-99	POU class 2 homeobox 2	Homo sapiens	259-267
32828272-5	2020	A high carbohydrate (HCHO) diet could inactivate the Hippo pathway and encourage the combination of YAP and ChREBP, leading to glucose-induced hepatocyte glycolysis and lipogenesis through up-regulation of target genes such as L-PK and ACC in mice.	Carbohydrates	7-19	pyruvate kinase liver and red blood cell	Mus musculus	227-231
32887925-8	2020	Our results indicate a pivotal role of PGRMC1 in developing obesity through its metabolic regulation of lipids and carbohydrates in adipocytes.	Carbohydrates	115-128	progesterone receptor membrane component 1	Mus musculus	39-45
32493715-1	2020	Salivary amylase, encoded by the AMY1 gene, is responsible for the digestion of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	80-93	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	33-37
32493715-2	2020	We investigated associations of AMY1 genetic variations with general and central adiposity changes considering dietary carbohydrate intake among 32,054 adults from four prospective cohort studies.	Carbohydrates	119-131	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	32-36
32493715-5	2020	We found that carbohydrate food intake significantly altered associations of AMY1-GRS with changes in BMI (P interaction = 0.001) and waist circumference (P interaction < 0.001).	Carbohydrates	14-26	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	77-81
32493715-7	2020	Among women, higher AMY1-GRS was associated with more increases in adiposity if dietary carbohydrate food intake was high, while higher AMY1-GRS was associated with less gains in adiposity when the dietary intake was low.	Carbohydrates	88-100	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	20-24
32493715-8	2020	Also, in a 2-year randomized dietary intervention trial, associations of AMY1-GRS with changes in weight (P interaction = 0.023) and waist circumference (P interaction = 0.037) were significantly modified by carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	208-220	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	73-77
32829466-6	2020	The review describes functions and regulations of SGLT1, GLUT2, and GLUT5 in the small intestine including diurnal variations and carbohydrate-dependent regulations.	Carbohydrates	130-142	solute carrier family 2 member 2	Homo sapiens	57-62
33691903-0	2021	Hepatocyte-specific Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 alpha (HNF4 ) deletion decreases resting energy expenditure by disrupting lipid and carbohydrate homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	132-144	hepatic nuclear factor 4, alpha	Mus musculus	20-53
33691903-0	2021	Hepatocyte-specific Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 alpha (HNF4 ) deletion decreases resting energy expenditure by disrupting lipid and carbohydrate homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	132-144	hepatic nuclear factor 4, alpha	Mus musculus	55-59
33691903-1	2021	Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 alpha (HNF4alpha) is required for hepatocyte differentiation and regulates expression of genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism including those that control VLDL secretion and gluconeogenesis.	Carbohydrates	145-157	hepatic nuclear factor 4, alpha	Mus musculus	0-33
33691903-1	2021	Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 alpha (HNF4alpha) is required for hepatocyte differentiation and regulates expression of genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism including those that control VLDL secretion and gluconeogenesis.	Carbohydrates	145-157	hepatic nuclear factor 4, alpha	Mus musculus	35-44
33691903-4	2021	HNF4alpha-KO had reduced resting EE during fed conditions and higher rates of carbohydrate oxidation with fasting.	Carbohydrates	78-90	hepatic nuclear factor 4, alpha	Mus musculus	0-9
33691903-9	2021	Together, our data suggest deletion of hepatic HNF4alpha increases dependence on dietary carbohydrates and endogenous lipids for energy during fed and fasted conditions by inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis, hepatic lipid export, and intestinal lipid absorption resulting in decreased whole body energy expenditure.	Carbohydrates	89-102	hepatic nuclear factor 4, alpha	Mus musculus	47-56
33788103-1	2021	Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a product of partial proteolysis of proglucagon, is involved not only in regulation of carbohydrates, but also in water-salt metabolism.	Carbohydrates	120-133	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	0-23
33788103-1	2021	Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a product of partial proteolysis of proglucagon, is involved not only in regulation of carbohydrates, but also in water-salt metabolism.	Carbohydrates	120-133	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	25-30
33632285-0	2021	Spontaneous improvement of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in PMM2-CDG without mannose observed in CDG natural history study.	Carbohydrates	27-39	phosphomannomutase 2	Homo sapiens	65-69
33633243-0	2021	Author Correction: The Drosophila melanogaster Neprilysin Nepl15 is involved in lipid and carbohydrate storage.	Carbohydrates	90-102	Neprilysin-like 11	Drosophila melanogaster	47-57
33671411-9	2021	Additionally, we discovered that in the short term, food deprivation leads to the expression regulation of SPX1, GALR2, and GLAR3 in tissues associated with metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids.	Carbohydrates	171-184	galanin receptor 2	Gallus gallus	113-118
33483521-0	2021	The Drosophila melanogaster Neprilysin Nepl15 is involved in lipid and carbohydrate storage.	Carbohydrates	71-83	Neprilysin-like 11	Drosophila melanogaster	28-38
32931480-1	2021	BACKGROUND: The ABO histo-blood group is defined by carbohydrate modifications and is associated with risk for multiple diseases including Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).	Carbohydrates	52-64	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	16-19
32980951-0	2020	CLE2 regulates light-dependent carbohydrate metabolism in Arabidopsis shoots.	Carbohydrates	31-43	CLAVATA3/ESR-related 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-4
32980951-1	2020	KEY MESSAGE: This study focused on the role of CLE1-CLE7 peptides as environmental mediators and indicated that root-induced CLE2 functions systemically in light-dependent carbohydrate metabolism in shoots.	Carbohydrates	172-184	CLAVATA3/ESR-related 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	125-129
32980951-9	2020	Additionally, induction of CLE2 in roots induced the expression of various genes not only in roots but also in shoots, and genes related to light-dependent carbohydrate metabolism were particularly induced in shoots.	Carbohydrates	156-168	CLAVATA3/ESR-related 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	27-31
32980951-11	2020	These results suggest that root-induced CLE2 functions systemically in light-dependent carbohydrate metabolism in shoots.	Carbohydrates	87-99	CLAVATA3/ESR-related 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	40-44
33292488-1	2020	BACKGROUND: Fanconi-Bickel syndrome (FBS) is a rare condition of carbohydrate metabolism, caused by a recessive defect in the facilitative glucose transporter GLUT2 encoded by the SLC2A2 gene and characterized by a wide spectrum of phenotypical features.	Carbohydrates	65-77	solute carrier family 2 member 2	Homo sapiens	159-164
33292488-1	2020	BACKGROUND: Fanconi-Bickel syndrome (FBS) is a rare condition of carbohydrate metabolism, caused by a recessive defect in the facilitative glucose transporter GLUT2 encoded by the SLC2A2 gene and characterized by a wide spectrum of phenotypical features.	Carbohydrates	65-77	solute carrier family 2 member 2	Homo sapiens	180-186
32618550-12	2020	After functional and enrichment analyses, the main genes into the selection signatures linked to energy, fatty acids, carbohydrates and lipid metabolic processes were ACER2, PLIN2, DENND4C, RPS6, RRAGA (OCU1), ST8SIA6, VIM (OCU16), RORA, GANC and PLA2G4B (OCU17).	Carbohydrates	118-131	alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 8F	Oryctolagus cuniculus	210-217
32618550-12	2020	After functional and enrichment analyses, the main genes into the selection signatures linked to energy, fatty acids, carbohydrates and lipid metabolic processes were ACER2, PLIN2, DENND4C, RPS6, RRAGA (OCU1), ST8SIA6, VIM (OCU16), RORA, GANC and PLA2G4B (OCU17).	Carbohydrates	118-131	cytosolic phospholipase A2 beta	Oryctolagus cuniculus	247-254
32829833-3	2020	In view of the versatility and the widespread choice of precursors that can be deployed for electrospinning, various gums from both, the plants and microbial-based gum carbohydrates are holistically and/or partially included in the electrospinning solution for the preparation of functional composite nanofibers.	Carbohydrates	168-181	OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity	Homo sapiens	117-120
33126652-3	2020	Herein, in a mouse model of CRC, we found that the expression of UNC5A, UNC5B and UNC5C was diminished in tumors but only in mice subjected to a High Carbohydrate Diet (HCD) thus linking nutrition to their repression in CRC.	Carbohydrates	150-162	unc-5 netrin receptor A	Mus musculus	65-70
32975743-3	2020	WRINKLED1 (WRI1) is one of the important transcription factors which regulate the fatty acid biosynthesis network and TAG accumulation by balancing carbon flux between carbohydrates and lipids.	Carbohydrates	168-181	Integrase-type DNA-binding superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	11-15
32987628-2	2020	The reason for this attempt was to obviate the difficult chemical synthesis of the HNK-1 carbohydrate and its isolation from natural sources, with the hope to render such compounds clinically useful.	Carbohydrates	89-101	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	83-88
32987628-6	2020	Altogether, these results point to the potential of the HNK-1 carbohydrate mimetics in clinically-oriented settings.	Carbohydrates	62-74	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	56-61
33042991-15	2020	Our data indicate that phosphorylation of Pex14p at S266 provides a mechanism for controlling the peroxisomal import of Cit2p, which helps S. cerevisiae cells to adjust their carbohydrate metabolism according to the nutritional conditions.	Carbohydrates	175-187	Pex14p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	42-48
32899593-7	2020	The enhanced interaction (instead of the expected inhibition) of antibodies with ZR 75-1 cells in the presence of Galbeta1-3GlcNAcbeta disaccharide, indicates that the target epitope of anti-LeC antibodies is a molecular pattern with a carbohydrate constituent rather than a glycan.	Carbohydrates	236-248	C-C motif chemokine ligand 16	Homo sapiens	191-194
32688166-2	2020	AtBE1 is thought to function in carbohydrate metabolism; however, this has not been experimentally demonstrated.	Carbohydrates	32-44	Alpha amylase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-5
32802186-11	2020	Silencing of GYS1 induced metabolomic perturbation manifested by a carbohydrate metabolism shift.	Carbohydrates	67-79	glycogen synthase 1	Homo sapiens	13-17
32115801-0	2020	Saccharide analog, 2-deoxy-d-glucose enhances 4-1BB-mediated antitumor immunity via PD-L1 deglycosylation.	Carbohydrates	0-10	TNF receptor superfamily member 9	Homo sapiens	46-51
32353589-0	2020	18beta-Glycyrrhetinic acid acts through hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha to modulate lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	96-108	hepatic nuclear factor 4, alpha	Mus musculus	40-73
32353589-8	2020	In all, we established that GA acts as a partial HNF4alpha antagonist modulating lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	91-103	hepatic nuclear factor 4, alpha	Mus musculus	49-58
32651233-5	2020	The activity of AMPK is regulated by the availability of nutrients, such as carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids.	Carbohydrates	76-89	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	16-20
32661950-2	2020	Growth hormone (GH) controls body growth rate, milk production, reproduction as well as carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism.	Carbohydrates	88-100	somatotropin	Ovis aries	16-18
32650396-5	2020	The receptor CLEC10A (C-type lectin domain family 10 member A, CD301; also called the macrophage galactose-type lectin, MGL) contains a carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) that is homologous to the CRD of ASGR1, and thus, is also specific for GalNAc.	Carbohydrates	136-148	C-type lectin domain containing 10A	Homo sapiens	13-20
32650396-5	2020	The receptor CLEC10A (C-type lectin domain family 10 member A, CD301; also called the macrophage galactose-type lectin, MGL) contains a carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) that is homologous to the CRD of ASGR1, and thus, is also specific for GalNAc.	Carbohydrates	136-148	C-type lectin domain containing 10A	Homo sapiens	22-61
32650396-5	2020	The receptor CLEC10A (C-type lectin domain family 10 member A, CD301; also called the macrophage galactose-type lectin, MGL) contains a carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) that is homologous to the CRD of ASGR1, and thus, is also specific for GalNAc.	Carbohydrates	136-148	C-type lectin domain containing 10A	Homo sapiens	63-68
32650396-5	2020	The receptor CLEC10A (C-type lectin domain family 10 member A, CD301; also called the macrophage galactose-type lectin, MGL) contains a carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) that is homologous to the CRD of ASGR1, and thus, is also specific for GalNAc.	Carbohydrates	136-148	C-type lectin domain containing 10A	Homo sapiens	120-123
32189354-8	2020	SCF attenuates carbohydrate digestion blunting post-prandial blood glucose spikes reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	15-27	KIT ligand	Homo sapiens	0-3
12068055-13	2002	PDHa increased above rest at 10 and 120 min, but decreased at 240 min, which coincided with reduced whole body carbohydrate oxidation.	Carbohydrates	111-123	pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
31881187-5	2020	DPP-4 inhibitors such as teneligliptin control the overexpression of glucagon-like peptidase 1 (GLP-1) which has the downstream effects of general insulin resistance and high blood sugar levels.	Carbohydrates	181-186	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	69-94
31881187-5	2020	DPP-4 inhibitors such as teneligliptin control the overexpression of glucagon-like peptidase 1 (GLP-1) which has the downstream effects of general insulin resistance and high blood sugar levels.	Carbohydrates	181-186	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	96-101
32579556-9	2020	As Pho85 is a cell cycle and nutrient responsive kinase, this tight regulation of Isr1 may serve to dynamically regulate flux through the HBP and modulate how the cell"s energy resources are converted into structural carbohydrates in response to changing cellular needs.	Carbohydrates	217-230	cyclin-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase PHO85	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	3-8
32355205-5	2020	Conditional VDR deletion severely changed metabolites specifically produced from carbohydrate, protein, lipid, and bile acid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	81-93	vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor	Mus musculus	12-15
32040930-7	2020	One of the Foxf2 target genes, Chst2, encodes a carbohydrate sulfotransferase integral to glycosaminoglycan sulfation.	Carbohydrates	48-60	forkhead box F2	Mus musculus	11-16
12068055-19	2002	Consistent with the second hypothesis, PDHa decreased late in moderate exercise and closely matched the estimates of lower carbohydrate flux.	Carbohydrates	123-135	pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	39-43
12032675-3	2002	Galectin-1 induced a dose- and carbohydrate-dependent inhibition of the allogenic T-cell response.	Carbohydrates	31-43	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
32081418-5	2020	Galectin-10 forms a homo-dimer in the face-to-face orientation, and the monosaccharides bind to the carbohydrate recognition site composed of amino acid residues from two galectin-10 molecules of dimers, suggesting that galectin-10 dimer likely captures the monosaccharides in solution and in vivo.	Carbohydrates	100-112	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	171-182
32081418-5	2020	Galectin-10 forms a homo-dimer in the face-to-face orientation, and the monosaccharides bind to the carbohydrate recognition site composed of amino acid residues from two galectin-10 molecules of dimers, suggesting that galectin-10 dimer likely captures the monosaccharides in solution and in vivo.	Carbohydrates	100-112	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	220-231
32049029-7	2020	In obese rats fed a high-fat, high-sugar diet, meal-induced CART synthesis in VANs is blunted and CART antibody fails to increase food intake.	Carbohydrates	35-40	CART prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	60-64
31941770-10	2020	Env is covered with a large number of sugar-based glycan forms - about 50% of the Env molecular weight is composed of glycans.	Carbohydrates	38-43	endogenous retrovirus group K member 20	Homo sapiens	0-3
11939553-0	2002	Determination of the affinity constants of recombinant human galectin-1 and -3 for simple saccharides by capillary affinophoresis.	Carbohydrates	90-101	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	61-78
31941770-10	2020	Env is covered with a large number of sugar-based glycan forms - about 50% of the Env molecular weight is composed of glycans.	Carbohydrates	38-43	endogenous retrovirus group K member 20	Homo sapiens	82-85
31816561-3	2020	We aimed to investigate the role of SOCS2 in metabolic and inflammatory dysfunction induced by a high-refined carbohydrate-containing diet (HC).	Carbohydrates	110-122	suppressor of cytokine signaling 2	Mus musculus	36-41
32309426-2	2020	We investigated whether preoperative oral carbohydrate affected the postoperative percentages of T cells (CD4+ and CD8+) and natural killer (NK) cells in patients with cervical cancer treated with NAC and surgery.	Carbohydrates	42-54	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	115-118
11724780-1	2002	Carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) is a new transcription factor that binds to the carbohydrate-responsive element of the l-type pyruvate kinase gene (l-PK).	Carbohydrates	105-117	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	144-171
31912078-9	2020	These morphologies revealed that the sugar-lipid interactions generated a significant spontaneous curvature with a magnitude of about 1 mum-1.	Carbohydrates	37-42	PWWP domain containing 3A, DNA repair factor	Homo sapiens	136-141
31790920-3	2020	In the present study, open reading frame (ORF) encoding neck and carbohydrate recognition domain (NCRD) of goat conglutinin gene ligated to the vector pRSET-A was expressed in E. coli BL-21(pLys) cells.	Carbohydrates	65-77	conglutinin	Capra hircus	112-123
11724780-1	2002	Carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) is a new transcription factor that binds to the carbohydrate-responsive element of the l-type pyruvate kinase gene (l-PK).	Carbohydrates	105-117	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	173-177
31885322-7	2020	This review focuses on these aspects of cyclin D1 pathophysiology, which may be crucial for targeted therapy.Abbreviations: aa, amino acid; AR, androgen receptor; ATM, ataxia telangectasia mutant; ATR, ATM and Rad3-related; CDK, cyclin-dependent kinase; ChREBP, carbohydrate response element binding protein; CIP, CDK-interacting protein; CHK1/2, checkpoint kinase 1/2; CKI, CDK inhibitor; DDR, DNA damage response; DMP1, cyclin D-binding myb-like protein; DSB, double-strand DNA break; DNA-PK, DNA-dependent protein kinase; ER, estrogen receptor; FASN, fatty acid synthase; GSK3beta, glycogen synthase-3beta; HAT, histone acetyltransferase; HDAC, histone deacetylase; HK2, hexokinase 2; HNF4alpha, and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha; HR, homologous recombination; IR, ionizing radiation; KIP, kinase inhibitory protein; MCL, mantle cell lymphoma; NHEJ, non-homologous end-joining; PCAF, p300/CREB binding-associated protein; PGC1alpha, PPARgamma co-activator 1alpha; PEST, proline-glutamic acid-serine-threonine, PK, pyruvate kinase; PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; RB1, retinoblastoma protein; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SRC, steroid receptor coactivator; STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription; TGFbeta, transforming growth factor beta; UPS, ubiquitin-proteasome system; USP22, ubiquitin-specific peptidase 22; XPO1 (or CRM1) exportin 1.	Carbohydrates	262-274	cyclin D1	Mus musculus	40-49
31994917-5	2020	Serum NGAL was also significantly related to serum ferritin, TIBC, uric acid, creatinine and blood sugar whereas, an inverse relationship with albumin, total cholesterol and LDL.	Carbohydrates	99-104	lipocalin 2	Homo sapiens	6-10
11706042-5	2002	Using a UV-activated derivative of Re595 LPS (ASD-Re595 LPS) in cross-linking assays, we demonstrated a critical role of MD-2 and TLR4 carbohydrates in LPS cross-linking to the LPS receptor.	Carbohydrates	135-148	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	130-134
31806266-6	2020	In the molecular docking simulation, the South sugar conformation of compound 3e formed additional hydrogen bonds inside the PPARdelta ligand-binding pocket compared with the North conformation.	Carbohydrates	47-52	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens	125-134
31806266-7	2020	Therefore, the sugar conformation of 4"-selenoadenosine PPAR modulators affects the ligand binding affinity against PPARdelta.	Carbohydrates	15-20	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens	116-125
32767927-6	2020	Besides, CDKN2B-AS1 has been proved implicated in numerous nonmalignant diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, endometriosis, inflammatory bowel disease, intracranial aneurysm, diabetes mellitus and its complications, primary open angle glaucoma, ischemic stroke, atherosclerosis, coronary artery diseases, hypertension and heart failure, participating in the procession of lipid, carbohydrate metabolism and inflammation regulation.	Carbohydrates	391-403	CDKN2B antisense RNA 1	Homo sapiens	9-19
32286938-3	2020	GK acts as promising drug target for the pharmacological treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as it plays an important role in the control of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	164-176	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	0-2
11741702-1	2002	Phosphofructokinase-1 plays a key role in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	60-72	phosphofructokinase, muscle	Homo sapiens	0-21
31499095-1	2020	ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) is an important enzyme linking carbohydrate to lipid metabolism by generating acetyl-CoA from citrate for fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis.	Carbohydrates	56-68	ATP citrate lyase	Homo sapiens	0-17
31499095-1	2020	ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) is an important enzyme linking carbohydrate to lipid metabolism by generating acetyl-CoA from citrate for fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis.	Carbohydrates	56-68	ATP citrate lyase	Homo sapiens	19-23
31908954-10	2020	Hcy was markedly higher in TT homozygotes of MTHFR C677T as added sugar intake increased.	Carbohydrates	66-71	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	45-50
31888122-6	2019	Carbohydrate malabsorption by H2BT was found in 55 (41%) out of 135 patients.	Carbohydrates	0-12	H2B clustered histone 20, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	30-34
31564450-1	2019	The carbohydrate moieties on HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) act as shields to mask conserved neutralizing epitopes, while the hyperimmunogenic variable regions are immunodominant in inducing non-neutralizing antibodies, representing the major challenge for using Env as a vaccine candidate to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs).	Carbohydrates	4-16	endogenous retrovirus group K member 20	Homo sapiens	35-56
31564450-1	2019	The carbohydrate moieties on HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) act as shields to mask conserved neutralizing epitopes, while the hyperimmunogenic variable regions are immunodominant in inducing non-neutralizing antibodies, representing the major challenge for using Env as a vaccine candidate to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs).	Carbohydrates	4-16	endogenous retrovirus group K member 20	Homo sapiens	58-61
31564450-1	2019	The carbohydrate moieties on HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) act as shields to mask conserved neutralizing epitopes, while the hyperimmunogenic variable regions are immunodominant in inducing non-neutralizing antibodies, representing the major challenge for using Env as a vaccine candidate to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs).	Carbohydrates	4-16	endogenous retrovirus group K member 20	Homo sapiens	266-269
31727937-4	2019	Among them, 48 proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism (e.g., PDHalpha, MDH1/2, FH) and the mitochondrial fatty acid beta oxidation pathway (e.g., VLCAD, ACADM, ECHDC1, ALDH6A1) were relatively up-regulated in the 3D co-culture model compared to those in 2D and 3D mono-cultured cells.	Carbohydrates	36-48	malate dehydrogenase 1, NAD (soluble)	Mus musculus	77-83
31734176-4	2020	We present the case of a 64-year-old patient, suffering from LADA type diabetes, under usual treatment with intensive insulin therapy in 4 doses, who a few days after starting empagliflocin and a very low carbohydrate diet presented severe euglycaemic ketoacidotic decompensation.	Carbohydrates	205-217	ladinin 1	Homo sapiens	61-65
32167012-4	2020	The specific aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of terminal carbohydrates within the Fc region on the interaction with the FcgammaRIIIa/CD16a receptor in native and label-free conditions.	Carbohydrates	72-85	Fc gamma receptor IIIa	Homo sapiens	135-147
32167012-4	2020	The specific aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of terminal carbohydrates within the Fc region on the interaction with the FcgammaRIIIa/CD16a receptor in native and label-free conditions.	Carbohydrates	72-85	Fc gamma receptor IIIa	Homo sapiens	148-153
31908791-3	2019	We aimed to assess the physiological response to carbohydrate and protein/fat in people with sulfonylurea-treated KCNJ11 PNDM.	Carbohydrates	49-61	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 11	Homo sapiens	114-120
31908791-8	2019	In KCNJ11 cases glucose levels were higher after carbohydrate than after protein/fat (median glucose tAUC0-4h58.1 vs 31.3 mmol/L, p=0.04).	Carbohydrates	49-61	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 11	Homo sapiens	3-9
31908791-10	2019	Conclusions: Individuals with sulfonylurea-treated KCNJ11 PNDM produce similar levels of insulin in response to both carbohydrate and protein/fat meals despite carbohydrate resulting in much higher glucose levels and protein/fat resulting in relatively low glucose levels.	Carbohydrates	117-129	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 11	Homo sapiens	51-57
31908791-10	2019	Conclusions: Individuals with sulfonylurea-treated KCNJ11 PNDM produce similar levels of insulin in response to both carbohydrate and protein/fat meals despite carbohydrate resulting in much higher glucose levels and protein/fat resulting in relatively low glucose levels.	Carbohydrates	160-172	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 11	Homo sapiens	51-57
31125945-5	2019	The SS, especially the SS2, promoted the formation of volatile compounds originated from carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, beta-lipid oxidation and esterification; however, this substitute inhibited the formation of volatile compounds originated from lipid autooxidation (P &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	89-101	butyrophilin like 2	Homo sapiens	23-26
31216190-7	2019	These findings identify BMAL1 as a critical mediator of small intestine carbohydrate absorption and SGLT1.	Carbohydrates	72-84	aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator like	Homo sapiens	24-29
31799961-5	2019	Correlation analysis showed that there was a statistically significant correlation between the amounts of carbohydrate and dissolved organic carbon in the hydrophobic fraction of EOM (dEOM, dEPS and bEPS), indicating that the hydrophobicity of Microcystis EOM might be related to carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	106-118	14-3-3epsilon	Drosophila melanogaster	190-194
31373849-6	2019	Results: Higher percentages (&gt;=50%) of ALK-positive tumor cells were significantly correlated with male gender, poor differentiation, and normal levels of carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153) and blood platelets (p &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	158-170	ALK receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	42-45
11771681-12	2001	This study demonstrates that the acute postprandial fuel substrate utilization is altered in overweight men with a lower carbohydrate oxidation and a strong inhibition of lipid oxidation, which could be attributed to some leptin resistance.	Carbohydrates	121-133	leptin	Homo sapiens	222-228
11766994-0	2001	Inhibition of P-selectin specific cell adhesion by a low molecular weight, non-carbohydrate compound, KF38789.	Carbohydrates	79-91	selectin P	Homo sapiens	14-24
11687244-2	2001	MBL is a carbohydrate-binding serum protein, which circulates in complex with serine proteases known as mannan-binding lectin associated serine proteases (MASPs).	Carbohydrates	9-21	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
11687244-2	2001	MBL is a carbohydrate-binding serum protein, which circulates in complex with serine proteases known as mannan-binding lectin associated serine proteases (MASPs).	Carbohydrates	9-21	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	104-125
11687244-6	2001	This can be accomplished by exploiting the finding that high ionic strength buffers inhibit the binding of C1q to immune complexes and disrupt the C1 complex, whereas the carbohydrate-binding activity of MBL and the integrity of the MBL complex is maintained under hypertonic conditions.	Carbohydrates	171-183	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	204-207
11676606-5	2001	We have characterized the interactions between CD40 and soluble (s) CD154 in which sCD154 contains different types of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	118-131	tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5	Cricetulus griseus	47-51
31749796-0	2019	Enhanced Antiviral Activity of Human Surfactant Protein D by Site-Specific Engineering of the Carbohydrate Recognition Domain.	Carbohydrates	94-106	dehydrogenase/reductase 2	Homo sapiens	48-57
11568003-1	2001	Sperm protein 17 (Sp17) is a highly conserved mammalian protein present on acrosome-reacted sperm that is thought to promote fertilization by binding sulfated carbohydrates of the oocyte zona pellucida.	Carbohydrates	159-172	sperm autoantigenic protein 17	Homo sapiens	0-16
31614491-5	2019	Of several factors that constitute the second hit, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are formed when reducing-sugars react with proteins or lipids, have been implicated as major candidates that drive steatosis to NASH via the receptor for AGEs (RAGE).	Carbohydrates	122-128	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 914	Homo sapiens	257-261
11568003-1	2001	Sperm protein 17 (Sp17) is a highly conserved mammalian protein present on acrosome-reacted sperm that is thought to promote fertilization by binding sulfated carbohydrates of the oocyte zona pellucida.	Carbohydrates	159-172	sperm autoantigenic protein 17	Homo sapiens	18-22
11581173-8	2001	mRNAs of mouse DC-SIGN and three SIGNR genes encode type II transmembrane proteins (DC-SIGN, 238 amino acids; SIGNR1, 325 amino acids; SIGNR3, 237 amino acids; SIGNR4, 208 amino acids), but the SIGNR2 gene only encodes a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) without a cytosolic domain and a transmembrane domain (SIGNR2, 178 amino acids).	Carbohydrates	221-233	CD209d antigen	Mus musculus	135-141
30945034-0	2019	The MC4R genetic variants are associated with lower visceral fat accumulation and higher postprandial relative increase in carbohydrate utilization in humans.	Carbohydrates	123-135	melanocortin 4 receptor	Homo sapiens	4-8
30945034-8	2019	CONCLUSIONS: We have observed that common SNPs of the MC4R gene influence the body fat content and distribution, as well as relative increase in postprandial carbohydrate utilization.	Carbohydrates	158-170	melanocortin 4 receptor	Homo sapiens	54-58
31344142-0	2019	Retraction: The Role of the Carbohydrate Recognition Domain of Placental Protein 13 (PP13) in Pregnancy Evaluated with Recombinant PP13 and the DelT221 PP13 Variant.	Carbohydrates	28-40	galectin 13	Homo sapiens	63-83
11568477-6	2001	Furthermore, we have observed that DMA inhibits the binding of HA in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting its multiligand affinity amongst carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	147-160	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DM alpha	Homo sapiens	35-38
31376937-4	2019	Myo-inositol is an abundant carbohydrate in the environment and in certain organs of the human body, especially the brain.	Carbohydrates	28-40	synaptopodin 2	Mus musculus	0-3
11509633-5	2001	This interaction involves the carbohydrate recognition domain of MBL, because it was calcium dependent and inhibited by mannose and by mAb against this domain of MBL.	Carbohydrates	30-42	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	65-68
31399469-0	2019	Lactate dehydrogenase and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase cooperatively regulate growth and carbohydrate metabolism during Drosophila melanogaster larval development.	Carbohydrates	95-107	Lactate dehydrogenase	Drosophila melanogaster	0-21
31344142-0	2019	Retraction: The Role of the Carbohydrate Recognition Domain of Placental Protein 13 (PP13) in Pregnancy Evaluated with Recombinant PP13 and the DelT221 PP13 Variant.	Carbohydrates	28-40	galectin 13	Homo sapiens	85-89
31344142-0	2019	Retraction: The Role of the Carbohydrate Recognition Domain of Placental Protein 13 (PP13) in Pregnancy Evaluated with Recombinant PP13 and the DelT221 PP13 Variant.	Carbohydrates	28-40	galectin 13	Homo sapiens	131-135
31344142-0	2019	Retraction: The Role of the Carbohydrate Recognition Domain of Placental Protein 13 (PP13) in Pregnancy Evaluated with Recombinant PP13 and the DelT221 PP13 Variant.	Carbohydrates	28-40	galectin 13	Homo sapiens	131-135
11509633-5	2001	This interaction involves the carbohydrate recognition domain of MBL, because it was calcium dependent and inhibited by mannose and by mAb against this domain of MBL.	Carbohydrates	30-42	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	162-165
11675018-4	2001	Our results show that the Po66-CBP gene generates five transcripts by alternative splicing, which could give rise to five proteins: two proteins belong to the tandemly repeated galectin family and three belong to the single carbohydrate recognition domain galectins.	Carbohydrates	224-236	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	26-34
31423419-10	2019	Factor 2 characterized by high loadings for carbohydrate, animal protein, fat, cholesterol, saturated fatty acid, sodium, biotin, copper, iron, fluoride, zinc, and calcium.	Carbohydrates	44-56	transcription termination factor 2	Homo sapiens	0-8
31700717-0	2019	Carbohydrate-restricted Diet and Exercise Increase Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor and Cognitive Function: A Randomized Crossover Trial.	Carbohydrates	0-12	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	51-84
31700717-14	2019	Conclusion This study shows the short-term beneficial effects of carbohydrate-restricted diet on serum BDNF and executive function in those individuals characterized with MetS.	Carbohydrates	65-77	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	103-107
11500028-4	2001	By comparison, the wild-type IgG3 (F243) is minimally sialylated (2-3% alpha2,3-linked), thus suggesting that sialylation is controlled primarily by the protein structure local to the carbohydrate and that the two sialyltransferases compete to sialylate the nascent oligosaccharide.	Carbohydrates	184-196	immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 3 (G3m marker)	Homo sapiens	29-33
31551816-5	2019	Interestingly, compared to the wildtype control, lean PP2Cm deficient mice showed enhanced insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, lower body weight, and the preference for carbohydrate over lipids utilization.	Carbohydrates	176-188	protein phosphatase 1K (PP2C domain containing)	Mus musculus	54-59
31316924-10	2019	And also beta-HB production which is induced by carbohydrate depletion, hypoglycemia, or fasting stimulate BDNF production that acts an significantly important roles in cognitive function and acting on brain function with brain metabolism.	Carbohydrates	48-60	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	107-111
31141698-0	2019	Adipocyte ACLY Facilitates Dietary Carbohydrate Handling to Maintain Metabolic Homeostasis in Females.	Carbohydrates	35-47	ATP citrate lyase	Homo sapiens	10-14
31141698-2	2019	ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) is upregulated in adipocytes in response to carbohydrate consumption and generates acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) for both lipid synthesis and acetylation reactions.	Carbohydrates	69-81	ATP citrate lyase	Homo sapiens	0-17
31141698-2	2019	ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) is upregulated in adipocytes in response to carbohydrate consumption and generates acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) for both lipid synthesis and acetylation reactions.	Carbohydrates	69-81	ATP citrate lyase	Homo sapiens	19-23
31170656-9	2019	Ultrasensitive quantification of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA 125) was realized with a detection range from 0.00001 to 1000 U mL-1 and detection limit of 0.25 x 10-6 U mL-1.	Carbohydrates	33-45	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	59-65
11441127-2	2001	A high carbohydrate (lipogenic) diet induces lipogenic gene expression by sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1c)-mediated gene transcription, leading to an increase in the synthesis of triglycerides.	Carbohydrates	7-19	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	74-117
31094416-3	2019	Binding of Gal-3 and its carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) to CD146 D1-D4 is greatly reduced vis-a-vis CD146 eFL, supporting the proposal of a larger number of glycosylation sites on D5.	Carbohydrates	25-37	melanoma cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	66-71
31094416-3	2019	Binding of Gal-3 and its carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) to CD146 D1-D4 is greatly reduced vis-a-vis CD146 eFL, supporting the proposal of a larger number of glycosylation sites on D5.	Carbohydrates	25-37	melanoma cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	107-112
31141698-3	2019	Here, we investigate the role of ACLY in the metabolic and transcriptional responses to carbohydrates in adipocytes and unexpectedly uncover a sexually dimorphic function in maintaining systemic metabolic homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	88-101	ATP citrate lyase	Homo sapiens	33-37
31141698-6	2019	The data indicate that adipocyte ACLY is important in females for the systemic handling of dietary carbohydrates and for the preservation of metabolic homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	99-112	ATP citrate lyase	Homo sapiens	33-37
31049530-4	2019	In young groups, phosvitin mainly suppressed genes related to lipid metabolism, whereas the regulated genes in adult individuals encompassed various biological processes, such as carbohydrate metabolism, sigestive system and others.	Carbohydrates	179-191	casein kinase 2, beta polypeptide	Mus musculus	17-26
11441127-2	2001	A high carbohydrate (lipogenic) diet induces lipogenic gene expression by sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1c)-mediated gene transcription, leading to an increase in the synthesis of triglycerides.	Carbohydrates	7-19	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	119-127
30081721-11	2019	The albumin- and antibody-binding O-glycoproteins AOP1 and AOP2 were single polypeptide proteins of size 107 kDa and 98 kDa, containing 54% and 51% carbohydrate respectively and conformed to no known plasma protein in properties.	Carbohydrates	148-160	peroxiredoxin 3	Homo sapiens	50-54
31355132-5	2019	A recombinant fragment of human SP-D, rfhSP-D, showed a dose and time dependent binding to prostate cancer cells via its carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	121-133	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	32-36
11406351-0	2001	The polycystin-1 C-type lectin domain binds carbohydrate in a calcium-dependent manner, and interacts with extracellular matrix proteins in vitro.	Carbohydrates	44-56	polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting	Homo sapiens	4-16
29900558-0	2019	Overexpression of TaCML20, a calmodulin-like gene, enhances water soluble carbohydrate accumulation and yield in wheat.	Carbohydrates	74-86	CaM5	Triticum aestivum	29-39
11406351-3	2001	We have cloned and expressed the PKD1 C-type lectin domain, and have demonstrated that it binds carbohydrate matrices in vitro, and that Ca(2+) is required for this interaction.	Carbohydrates	96-108	polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting	Homo sapiens	33-37
31023581-4	2019	These clinically benign KLF1 variants are associated with a reduced expression of 1 or more red cell membrane proteins/carbohydrates that carry blood group antigens for the LU (Lutheran), IN (Indian), P1PK, LW (Landsteiner-Wiener), KN (Knops), OK, RAPH, and I blood group systems.	Carbohydrates	119-132	CD151 molecule (Raph blood group)	Homo sapiens	248-252
11406351-6	2001	These results suggest that polycystin-1 may be involved in protein-carbohydrate interactions in vivo.	Carbohydrates	67-79	polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting	Homo sapiens	27-39
30506275-2	2019	It is assumed that the SCFA used by the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the central enzyme for the production of these choline esters, originate from the colonic lumen, where they are synthesized during the bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	235-248	choline O-acetyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	40-65
11278593-2	2001	Because of its high homology to carbohydrate sulfotransferases and the presence of mutations of this gene in MCD patients who lack sulfated keratan sulfate in the cornea and serum, hCGn6ST protein is thought to be a sulfotransferase that catalyzes sulfation of GlcNAc in keratan sulfate.	Carbohydrates	32-44	carbohydrate sulfotransferase 6	Homo sapiens	181-188
30506275-2	2019	It is assumed that the SCFA used by the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the central enzyme for the production of these choline esters, originate from the colonic lumen, where they are synthesized during the bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	235-248	choline O-acetyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	67-71
30941102-0	2019	Bombyxin (Bombyx Insulin-Like Peptide) Increases the Respiration Rate Through Facilitation of Carbohydrate Catabolism in Bombyx mori.	Carbohydrates	94-106	insulin-like peptide	Bombyx mori	17-37
11278593-5	2001	When hCGn6ST was expressed together with human keratan sulfate Gal-6-sulfotransferase (hKSG6ST), HeLa cells produced highly sulfated carbohydrate detected by an anti-keratan sulfate antibody 5D4.	Carbohydrates	133-145	carbohydrate sulfotransferase 6	Homo sapiens	5-12
30891034-12	2019	In summary, the repertoire of natural anti-carbohydrate antibodies may be partially determined by the continuous antigenic stimulation produced by the gut bacterial population of each GalT-KO mouse.	Carbohydrates	43-55	galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase	Mus musculus	184-188
11284727-5	2001	Only the highly sialylated Pg 2gamma, Pg 2delta and Pg 2epsilon glycoforms bind to DPP IV via their carbohydrate chains and induce a Ca(2+) signalling cascade; however, Pg 2epsilon alone is also able to significantly stimulate expression of MMP-9.	Carbohydrates	100-112	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-89
30717427-6	2019	We correlated binge-type consumption across a spectrum of fat and carbohydrate mixtures with synaptosomal NMUR2 protein expression in the NAc and VTA of rats.	Carbohydrates	66-78	neuromedin U receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	106-111
31090368-0	2019	Prognostic role of ST2 in patients with chronic heart failure of ischemic etiology and carbohydrate metabolism disorders.	Carbohydrates	87-99	ST2	Homo sapiens	19-22
31090368-1	2019	AIM: To study the role of soluble ST2 (sST2) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and chronic heart failure (CHF) associated with carbohydrate metabolism disorders (impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in risk stratification of adverse cardiovascular events (ACE) for 12 months of follow-up.	Carbohydrates	140-152	ST2	Homo sapiens	34-37
30563940-3	2019	We used a mouse model in which the LCAT gene is deleted and a truncated version of the SREBP1a gene is expressed in the liver under the control of a protein-rich/carbohydrate-low (PRCL) diet-regulated PEPCK promoter.	Carbohydrates	162-174	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1, cytosolic	Mus musculus	201-206
30814513-3	2019	Here we computationally design epitopes that mimic such surface features (carbohydrate-occluded neutralization epitopes or CONE) of Env through "epitope transplantation", in which the target region is presented on a carrier protein scaffold with preserved structural properties.	Carbohydrates	74-86	endogenous retrovirus group K member 20	Homo sapiens	132-135
11084048-7	2001	Carbohydrate analysis shows that the endosialin core protein carries abundantly sialylated, O-linked oligosaccharides and is sensitive to O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase, placing it in the group of sialomucin-like molecules.	Carbohydrates	0-12	CD248 molecule	Homo sapiens	37-47
30758472-7	2019	Carbohydrate loading, j-shaped incision, early oral feeding, postoperative prevention of nausea and vomiting and early mobilization were also significantly related to ERAS group.	Carbohydrates	0-12	ES cell expressed Ras	Homo sapiens	167-171
31060976-1	2019	INTRODUCTION AND AIM: Intake of a high-carbohydrate, low-protein diet (HCD/LPD) during pregnancy promotes metabolic disturbances.	Carbohydrates	39-51	acyl-CoA synthetase bubblegum family member 1	Rattus norvegicus	75-78
31580197-4	2019	Then we found that big mutant plants had higher sugar levels compared with the wild type, indicating the involvement of BIG gene in regulating plant sugar homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	48-53	auxin transport protein (BIG)	Arabidopsis thaliana	120-123
31580197-4	2019	Then we found that big mutant plants had higher sugar levels compared with the wild type, indicating the involvement of BIG gene in regulating plant sugar homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	149-154	auxin transport protein (BIG)	Arabidopsis thaliana	19-22
31580197-4	2019	Then we found that big mutant plants had higher sugar levels compared with the wild type, indicating the involvement of BIG gene in regulating plant sugar homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	149-154	auxin transport protein (BIG)	Arabidopsis thaliana	120-123
11319033-3	2001	Surprisingly, three of these genes encoded enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism (ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase, sucrose synthase and an SNF1-like kinase).	Carbohydrates	63-75	salt inducible kinase 1	Homo sapiens	142-158
31580197-6	2019	Overall, our work expands the known functionality of BIG and reveals its role in regulating sugar response and C/N balance.	Carbohydrates	92-97	auxin transport protein (BIG)	Arabidopsis thaliana	53-56
30355268-0	2019	Low-carbohydrate high-protein diet diminishes the insulin response to glucose load via suppression of SGLT-1 in mice.	Carbohydrates	4-16	solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucose cotransporter), member 1	Mus musculus	102-108
11024029-0	2001	Mice with a deletion in the gene for CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta have an attenuated response to cAMP and impaired carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	122-134	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), beta	Mus musculus	37-72
30534388-1	2018	To investigate the functions of fructokinase (FRK) in apple (Malus domestica) carbohydrate metabolism, we cloned the coding sequences of MdFRK1 and MdFRK2 from the "Royal Gala" apple.	Carbohydrates	78-90	probable fructokinase-4	Malus domestica	32-44
30534388-1	2018	To investigate the functions of fructokinase (FRK) in apple (Malus domestica) carbohydrate metabolism, we cloned the coding sequences of MdFRK1 and MdFRK2 from the "Royal Gala" apple.	Carbohydrates	78-90	probable fructokinase-4	Malus domestica	46-49
30753533-0	2019	High Pancreatic Amylase Expression Promotes Adiposity in Obesity-Prone Carbohydrate-Sensitive Rats.	Carbohydrates	71-83	amylase 2a3	Rattus norvegicus	5-23
11785674-0	2001	T cell mediated antibody invariance in an immune response against a bacterial carbohydrate antigen requires CD28/B7-1 costimulation.	Carbohydrates	78-90	CD28 antigen	Mus musculus	108-112
30504228-10	2019	Together, our results suggest that MGL not only connects to the Tn carbohydrate epitope, but also engages the underlying peptide via a secondary binding pocket within the MGL carbohydrate recognition domain containing the His259 residue.	Carbohydrates	67-79	C-type lectin domain containing 10A	Homo sapiens	35-38
11400213-9	2001	Thus, we have demonstrated the utility of FAB-MS/MS and ESI-MS/MS in the structural determination and identification of such novel peptide-carbohydrate adducts, useful in understanding the details of the mechanism of non-enzymatic glycation in vivo.	Carbohydrates	139-151	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	42-45
30673913-1	2019	PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The alpha-Gal (alpha-Gal) syndrome is characterized by the presence of IgE antibodies directed at the carbohydrate galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-Gal).	Carbohydrates	121-133	glycoprotein galactosyltransferase alpha 1, 3	Mus musculus	23-32
30673913-1	2019	PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The alpha-Gal (alpha-Gal) syndrome is characterized by the presence of IgE antibodies directed at the carbohydrate galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-Gal).	Carbohydrates	121-133	glycoprotein galactosyltransferase alpha 1, 3	Mus musculus	34-43
30619997-6	2019	When fed a high-carbohydrate diet, HMGCR KI mice had enhanced triglyceride synthesis and liver steatosis, resulting in impaired glucose homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	16-28	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A reductase	Mus musculus	35-40
11120776-4	2000	N-acetyl-d-glucosamine did not inhibit sCR1-MBL binding, indicating that the carbohydrate binding site of MBL is not involved in binding CR1.	Carbohydrates	77-89	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	106-109
30619997-7	2019	Conclusion: AMPK-HMGCR signaling alone is sufficient to regulate both cholesterol and triglyceride synthesis under conditions of a high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	136-148	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A reductase	Mus musculus	17-22
30673913-1	2019	PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The alpha-Gal (alpha-Gal) syndrome is characterized by the presence of IgE antibodies directed at the carbohydrate galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-Gal).	Carbohydrates	121-133	glycoprotein galactosyltransferase alpha 1, 3	Mus musculus	34-43
11242478-7	2000	These results suggest that the cis-elements of CE-LPH1 and SIF1 might be involved in the carbohydrate-induced increases of the transcription of LPH and SI, presumably through a change in the expression and/or binding activity of Cdx-2.	Carbohydrates	89-101	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	50-53
31607367-2	2019	Half of the molecular mass of Env is carbohydrate making it one of the most heavily glycosylated proteins known in nature.	Carbohydrates	37-49	endogenous retrovirus group K member 20	Homo sapiens	30-33
29944388-6	2018	Klb-/- mice also exhibit few changes in carbohydrate metabolism, combining normal gluco-tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and fasting response with increased gluconeogenic capacity and decreased glycogen mobilization.	Carbohydrates	40-52	klotho beta	Mus musculus	0-3
11242478-7	2000	These results suggest that the cis-elements of CE-LPH1 and SIF1 might be involved in the carbohydrate-induced increases of the transcription of LPH and SI, presumably through a change in the expression and/or binding activity of Cdx-2.	Carbohydrates	89-101	sucrase-isomaltase	Rattus norvegicus	59-61
11098345-5	2000	DATA SYNTHESIS: Miglitol is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor that exerts its effect through the delayed absorption of complex carbohydrates in the small intestine, resulting in a decrease in postprandial glucose concentrations that are directly correlated with the dietary carbohydrate content.	Carbohydrates	124-137	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	31-48
30086896-1	2018	A highly sensitive colorimetric method for detection of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and carbohydrate antigen (CA125) was developed, which was achieved by ascorbic acid (AA) - mediated enhanced growth of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) promoted with NaBH4 as pre-reducing agent.	Carbohydrates	87-99	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	109-114
30459708-10	2018	Robust data displayed that these O-GlcNAc changes could lead to (i) a differential modulation of the carbohydrates metabolism, since the majority of enzymes are known to be O-GlcNAcylated, and to (ii) a differential modulation of the protein synthesis/degradation balance since O-GlcNAcylation regulates some key signaling pathways such as Akt/GSK3beta, Akt/mTOR, Myogenin/Atrogin-1, Myogenin/Mef2D, Mrf4 and PGC-1alpha in the skeletal muscle.	Carbohydrates	101-114	F-box protein 32	Homo sapiens	373-382
30459708-10	2018	Robust data displayed that these O-GlcNAc changes could lead to (i) a differential modulation of the carbohydrates metabolism, since the majority of enzymes are known to be O-GlcNAcylated, and to (ii) a differential modulation of the protein synthesis/degradation balance since O-GlcNAcylation regulates some key signaling pathways such as Akt/GSK3beta, Akt/mTOR, Myogenin/Atrogin-1, Myogenin/Mef2D, Mrf4 and PGC-1alpha in the skeletal muscle.	Carbohydrates	101-114	myocyte enhancer factor 2D	Homo sapiens	393-398
30389349-10	2019	Downregulation of neuronal Dgk levels increases TAG and carbohydrate levels and these phenotypes can be recapitulated by reducing Dgk levels specifically within the insulin-producing cells that secrete Drosophila insulin-like peptides (dILPs).	Carbohydrates	56-68	Diacyl glycerol kinase	Drosophila melanogaster	27-30
30332478-7	2018	Analysis revealed that enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, and that reflect the metabolic activities in breastfeeding women, including fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase 1, phosphoglycerate mutase 1 were down-regulated.	Carbohydrates	43-55	fructose-bisphosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	144-174
30356416-3	2018	The aim of this study was to enhance carbohydrate accumulation in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana by simultaneously expressing the maize Corngrass1 miRNA (Cg1) and E. coli ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (glgC), both of which have been reported to enhance carbohydrate accumulation in planta.	Carbohydrates	37-49	LOC100126884	Zea mays	138-148
30349531-4	2018	Here, we found that Stab1 knockout mice (Stab1 -/-) lacking the Clever-1 protein from all cells present with abnormally high antibody levels under resting conditions and show enhanced humoral immune responses after immunization with protein and carbohydrate antigens.	Carbohydrates	245-257	stabilin 1	Mus musculus	20-25
30356416-3	2018	The aim of this study was to enhance carbohydrate accumulation in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana by simultaneously expressing the maize Corngrass1 miRNA (Cg1) and E. coli ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (glgC), both of which have been reported to enhance carbohydrate accumulation in planta.	Carbohydrates	37-49	LOC100126884	Zea mays	156-159
11098345-5	2000	DATA SYNTHESIS: Miglitol is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor that exerts its effect through the delayed absorption of complex carbohydrates in the small intestine, resulting in a decrease in postprandial glucose concentrations that are directly correlated with the dietary carbohydrate content.	Carbohydrates	124-136	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	31-48
30356416-3	2018	The aim of this study was to enhance carbohydrate accumulation in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana by simultaneously expressing the maize Corngrass1 miRNA (Cg1) and E. coli ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (glgC), both of which have been reported to enhance carbohydrate accumulation in planta.	Carbohydrates	255-267	LOC100126884	Zea mays	138-148
30356416-3	2018	The aim of this study was to enhance carbohydrate accumulation in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana by simultaneously expressing the maize Corngrass1 miRNA (Cg1) and E. coli ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (glgC), both of which have been reported to enhance carbohydrate accumulation in planta.	Carbohydrates	255-267	LOC100126884	Zea mays	156-159
30216989-7	2018	We discuss individual contributions among family members SIRT 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 in regulating the metabolic switch between carbohydrate-fueled hyper-inflammation to lipid-fueled hypo-inflammation.	Carbohydrates	122-134	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	57-63
11126336-1	2000	OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of excess carbohydrate or fat intake on plasma leptin concentrations and energy expenditure.	Carbohydrates	46-58	leptin	Homo sapiens	83-89
29843042-2	2018	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoAR) is a key enzyme regulating the pathway of synthesis of cholesterol whereas liver-X-receptor (LXR) regulates lipid, carbohydrate metabolism in various malignancies including mammary carcinogenesis (MC).	Carbohydrates	174-186	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase	Rattus norvegicus	0-47
29843042-2	2018	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoAR) is a key enzyme regulating the pathway of synthesis of cholesterol whereas liver-X-receptor (LXR) regulates lipid, carbohydrate metabolism in various malignancies including mammary carcinogenesis (MC).	Carbohydrates	174-186	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase	Rattus norvegicus	49-57
10966571-6	2000	The method was applied to three protein-carbohydrate complexes: the crystallographically determined structures of Concanavalin A and Fab Se155-4; and a model structure for Fab ME36.1.	Carbohydrates	40-52	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	133-136
30073131-11	2018	Total carbohydrate content in SCPW, SCPCA and SCPN are 57.11%, 56.94% and 50.95%, respectively.	Carbohydrates	6-18	carboxypeptidase N subunit 1	Homo sapiens	46-50
29786745-2	2018	Carbohydrate responsive element binding protein (ChREBP), the hub of glucolipid metabolism, regulates the induction of fatty acid synthase (FASN), the key enzyme of de novo lipogenesis, by directly binding to carbohydrate response element (ChoRE) in its promoter.	Carbohydrates	209-221	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	119-138
29786745-2	2018	Carbohydrate responsive element binding protein (ChREBP), the hub of glucolipid metabolism, regulates the induction of fatty acid synthase (FASN), the key enzyme of de novo lipogenesis, by directly binding to carbohydrate response element (ChoRE) in its promoter.	Carbohydrates	209-221	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	140-144
29998543-11	2018	Furthermore, SLC18A1 and SLC6A3 gene methylation signatures correlated with total energy (p &lt; 0.001) and carbohydrate (p &lt; 0.001) intakes.	Carbohydrates	108-120	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	25-31
10966571-6	2000	The method was applied to three protein-carbohydrate complexes: the crystallographically determined structures of Concanavalin A and Fab Se155-4; and a model structure for Fab ME36.1.	Carbohydrates	40-52	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	172-175
29669261-7	2018	Furthermore, transient transfection and chromatin immunoprecipitation were performed to show the direct interaction between ChREBP and carbohydrate response elements in the promoter of Slc2A5, which encodes the fructose transporter GLUT5.	Carbohydrates	135-147	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 5	Mus musculus	185-191
10925294-1	2000	Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) plays a pivotal role in innate immunity by activating complement after binding carbohydrate moieties on pathogenic bacteria and viruses.	Carbohydrates	107-119	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-21
29669261-7	2018	Furthermore, transient transfection and chromatin immunoprecipitation were performed to show the direct interaction between ChREBP and carbohydrate response elements in the promoter of Slc2A5, which encodes the fructose transporter GLUT5.	Carbohydrates	135-147	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 5	Mus musculus	232-237
30061484-0	2018	Inhibition of Homophilic Interactions and Ligand Binding of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products by Heparin and Heparin-Related Carbohydrate Structures.	Carbohydrates	140-152	advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor	Homo sapiens	64-108
30105014-1	2018	SP-D can inhibit hemagglutination and infectivity of IAV, in addition to reducing neuraminidase (NA) activity via its carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) binding to carbohydrate patterns (N-linked mannosylated) on NA and hemagglutinin (HA) of IAV.	Carbohydrates	118-130	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	0-4
30105014-1	2018	SP-D can inhibit hemagglutination and infectivity of IAV, in addition to reducing neuraminidase (NA) activity via its carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) binding to carbohydrate patterns (N-linked mannosylated) on NA and hemagglutinin (HA) of IAV.	Carbohydrates	167-179	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	0-4
30061484-1	2018	Background: Heparin and heparin-related sulphated carbohydrates inhibit ligand binding of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE).	Carbohydrates	50-63	advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor	Homo sapiens	94-138
10925294-1	2000	Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) plays a pivotal role in innate immunity by activating complement after binding carbohydrate moieties on pathogenic bacteria and viruses.	Carbohydrates	107-119	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	23-26
30061484-1	2018	Background: Heparin and heparin-related sulphated carbohydrates inhibit ligand binding of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE).	Carbohydrates	50-63	advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor	Homo sapiens	140-144
29605251-7	2018	Various regulatory aspects of SCD are reviewed in four subsections, i.e., (1) hormonal regulation, (2) regulation by dietary carbohydrates, (3) regulation by green tea, and (4) regulation via polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).	Carbohydrates	125-138	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	30-33
10925296-1	2000	The carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) of human serum mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and pulmonary surfactant protein D (SP-D) have distinctive monosaccharide-binding properties, and their N-terminal and collagen domains have very different quaternary structures.	Carbohydrates	4-16	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	59-81
29605251-8	2018	Moreover, the regulation of Stearoyl CoA desaturase expression in the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates is discussed.	Carbohydrates	93-106	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	28-51
30061484-8	2018	Sulphated K5 carbohydrate fragments inhibited RAGE binding to amyloid beta-peptide and HMGB1.	Carbohydrates	13-25	advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor	Homo sapiens	46-50
10925296-1	2000	The carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) of human serum mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and pulmonary surfactant protein D (SP-D) have distinctive monosaccharide-binding properties, and their N-terminal and collagen domains have very different quaternary structures.	Carbohydrates	4-16	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	83-86
10949003-8	2000	CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that carbohydrate compared with placebo ingestion attenuated the moderate rise in blood neutrophils, monocytes, phagocytosis, and plasma IL-1ra concentrations that followed 2-h bouts of training in elite female rowers.	Carbohydrates	38-50	interleukin 1 receptor antagonist	Homo sapiens	170-176
30023011-2	2018	PP13 has jelly roll fold conformation with conserved carbohydrate recognition domain which specifically binds to beta-galactosides of the glycan receptors during placentation.	Carbohydrates	53-65	galectin 13	Homo sapiens	0-4
29580070-12	2018	Furthermore, relevant correlations (p &lt; 0.05) between methylation at cg09578018 (RORA) and cg01180628 (BHLHE40) with total energy and carbohydrate intakes were found.	Carbohydrates	137-149	RAR related orphan receptor A	Homo sapiens	84-88
29800531-7	2018	Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that these genes related to response to fungus, oxidation-reduction, transferase activity, and several carbohydrate metabolic and catabolic processes.	Carbohydrates	141-153	Omega-hydroxypalmitate O-feruloyl transferase	Zea mays	107-118
29733456-4	2018	Using recombinant proteins and confocal imaging, we demonstrate here that SP-D directly bound to the membrane and inhibited extracellular DNA trap formation by human and murine eosinophils in a concentration and carbohydrate-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	212-224	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	74-78
10770948-1	2000	Polysialic acid (PSA) is a developmentally regulated carbohydrate found primarily on neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAM) in embryonic tissues.	Carbohydrates	53-65	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	117-121
29915871-3	2018	This can considerably improve the sensitivity of electrochemical immunoassays as demonstrated for the carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), a biomarker for ovarian cancer.	Carbohydrates	102-114	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	128-133
10953296-6	2000	These data suggest that the carbohydrate moiety in G-CSF might confer unique biological activities.	Carbohydrates	28-40	colony stimulating factor 3	Homo sapiens	51-56
29951070-10	2018	Among these inhibitors, SP-D seems to be the most potent due to its specific mode of binding to viral carbohydrates and its ability to strongly aggregate viral particles.	Carbohydrates	102-115	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	24-28
29743295-6	2018	These studies have revealed that IGF1/IGF1R can alter extra-hepatocyte function to regulate hormonal inputs to the liver and/or alter tissue-specific carbohydrate and lipid metabolism to alter nutrient flux to liver, where these actions are not mutually exclusive, but serve to integrate the function of all tissues to support the metabolic needs of the organism.	Carbohydrates	150-162	insulin like growth factor 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	38-43
29401627-8	2018	We showed that mDectin-1, mDectin-2, and SIGN-R1 are decorated by N-glycan structures that can be recognized by the carbohydrate recognition domain of Gal-3.	Carbohydrates	116-128	C-type lectin domain family 7, member a	Mus musculus	15-24
10934810-3	2000	The present study was conducted to examine whether DNA variations of the LPL gene were related to insulin resistance, carbohydrate and lipid risk factors for CHD in nondiabetic individuals.	Carbohydrates	118-130	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	73-76
29401627-8	2018	We showed that mDectin-1, mDectin-2, and SIGN-R1 are decorated by N-glycan structures that can be recognized by the carbohydrate recognition domain of Gal-3.	Carbohydrates	116-128	CD209b antigen	Mus musculus	41-48
29478824-4	2018	Through activation of their cognate G protein coupled receptors, C3a and C5a regulate multiple intracellular pathways within the mitochondria and the lysosomal compartments that harbor multiple enzymes critical for protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	224-236	complement C3	Homo sapiens	65-68
29778741-5	2018	Further co-relationship analysis of the gene expression level and content changes of primary metabolites indicated the following: the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and fatty acid synthase genes were closely associated with lipid metabolism, and the hexokinase and the glycogen synthase gene expression levels were related to carbohydrate metabolism, while the aminopeptidase N and the protein disulfide isomerase gene expression levels were not correlated with protein metabolism.	Carbohydrates	318-330	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	161-180
29605434-8	2018	RESULTS: In comparison to rs2419621 non-carriers, T allele carriers displayed higher levels of i) 683aa ACSL5 isoform, localized mainly in the mitochondria, playing a greater role in fatty acid oxidation in comparison to the 739aa protein isoform ii) in vitro CO2 production in rectus abdominis primary myotubes iii) in vivo fatty acid oxidation and lower carbohydrate oxidation post-intervention iv) ex vivo complex I and II tissue respiration in vastus lateralis muscle.	Carbohydrates	356-368	acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 5	Homo sapiens	104-109
10814697-5	2000	Galectin-1 was shown to bind CD45 and Thy-1 in a carbohydrate-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	49-61	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
29659022-7	2018	RD26 also supports the degradation of starch and the accumulation of mono- and disaccharides during senescence by directly enhancing the expression of AMY1, SFP1 and SWEET15 involved in carbohydrate metabolism and transport.	Carbohydrates	186-198	NAC (No Apical Meristem) domain transcriptional regulator superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-4
29659022-7	2018	RD26 also supports the degradation of starch and the accumulation of mono- and disaccharides during senescence by directly enhancing the expression of AMY1, SFP1 and SWEET15 involved in carbohydrate metabolism and transport.	Carbohydrates	186-198	alpha-amylase-like protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	151-155
10814697-5	2000	Galectin-1 was shown to bind CD45 and Thy-1 in a carbohydrate-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	49-61	Thy-1 cell surface antigen	Homo sapiens	38-43
29769533-5	2018	Thus, cleavage-independent NFL Env trimers exhibit quaternary protein and carbohydrate structures similar to the native viral spike that further validate their potential as vaccine immunogen candidates.	Carbohydrates	74-86	endogenous retrovirus group K member 20	Homo sapiens	31-34
10923281-1	2000	Obesity occurs in 60% of women after menopause and is characterized by an excess of adipose tissue that depends on several orexigenic (neuropeptide Y (NPY) stimulates carbohydrate ingestion, galanin stimulates fat intake) and anorectic (leptin, cholecystokinin (CCK)) factors.	Carbohydrates	167-179	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	135-149
29731508-1	2018	BACKGROUND This study was designed to investigate the association between serum carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) and coronary artery calcification (CAC) score in patients without known coronary artery disease.	Carbohydrates	80-92	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	106-111
29239788-3	2018	In the batch tests, the cell-bound alpha-amylase activities increased when the carbohydrate concentration decreased, and no significant reducing sugar accumulation was found in the serum bottles.	Carbohydrates	79-91	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	35-48
10923281-1	2000	Obesity occurs in 60% of women after menopause and is characterized by an excess of adipose tissue that depends on several orexigenic (neuropeptide Y (NPY) stimulates carbohydrate ingestion, galanin stimulates fat intake) and anorectic (leptin, cholecystokinin (CCK)) factors.	Carbohydrates	167-179	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	151-154
10715574-5	2000	In the vertebrate nervous system, NCAM is the dominant carrier of polysialic acid (PSA), an unusual carbohydrate consisting of long homopolymers of sialic acid.	Carbohydrates	100-112	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
29425774-1	2018	OBJECTIVE: Surfactant protein D (SP-D), which is secreted mainly in the lung, is an oligometric C type lectin that promotes phagocytosis by binding to carbohydrates on microbial surfaces.	Carbohydrates	151-164	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	11-31
29425774-1	2018	OBJECTIVE: Surfactant protein D (SP-D), which is secreted mainly in the lung, is an oligometric C type lectin that promotes phagocytosis by binding to carbohydrates on microbial surfaces.	Carbohydrates	151-164	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	33-37
29425774-4	2018	METHODS: The cDNA for the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of human SP-D was switched to that of a membrane-type protein, collectin placenta 1 (CL-P1), with a Flag-tag.	Carbohydrates	26-38	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	73-77
29518040-5	2018	Further characterization of these modules with the database for annotation, visualization, and integrated discovery (DAVID) tool showed that these modules are associated with several kinds of biological processes, such as carbohydrate catabolism, fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, transportation, translation, and ncRNA metabolism.	Carbohydrates	222-234	pHN7A8_R001	Escherichia coli	326-331
29560630-14	2018	CONCLUSION: EA stimulation of PC 6 can regulate serum or/and myocardial metabolites as amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, etc.	Carbohydrates	100-113	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5	Rattus norvegicus	30-34
29386187-14	2018	Reducing ME1 induced favorable metabolic shifts for carbohydrate oxidation, improving intracellular redox state and enhanced cardiac performance in pathological hypertrophy.	Carbohydrates	52-64	malic enzyme 1	Homo sapiens	9-12
29330289-0	2018	BRCA1 through Its E3 Ligase Activity Regulates the Transcription Factor Oct1 and Carbohydrate Metabolism.	Carbohydrates	81-93	BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	0-5
10725420-1	2000	Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is present in human serum and plays an important role in innate immunity by binding to carbohydrate on micro-organisms.	Carbohydrates	116-128	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-22
29341856-2	2018	In yeast and metazoans, Med15 KIX domain has been found to interact with various transcription factors regulating several processes including carbohydrate metabolism, lipogenesis, stress response and multidrug resistance.	Carbohydrates	142-154	Gal11p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	24-29
10725420-1	2000	Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is present in human serum and plays an important role in innate immunity by binding to carbohydrate on micro-organisms.	Carbohydrates	116-128	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	24-27
10725420-5	2000	Binding of virus to MBL was via the carbohydrate-recognition domain of MBL since binding did not occur in the absence of Ca(2+) and was blocked by preincubation of MBL-coated wells with soluble mannan.	Carbohydrates	36-48	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	20-23
29293962-0	2018	Galectin-10: a new structural type of prototype galectin dimer and effects on saccharide ligand binding.	Carbohydrates	78-88	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	0-11
29293962-4	2018	In the Gal-10 dimer, Glu33 from one subunit modifies the carbohydrate-binding site of another, essentially inhibiting disaccharide binding.	Carbohydrates	57-69	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	7-13
29293962-6	2018	Alanine substitution of the conserved Trp residue (Trp72) that is crucial to saccharide binding in other galectins, actually leads to enhanced erythrocyte agglutination, suggesting that Trp72 negatively regulates Gal-10 ligand binding.	Carbohydrates	77-87	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	213-219
29244945-1	2018	The palladium complex [(neocuproine)Pd(mu-OAc)]2[OTf]2 (1, neocuproine = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) is an effective catalyst precursor for the selective oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols, vicinal diols, polyols, and carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	233-246	POU class 2 homeobox 2	Homo sapiens	49-54
10725420-5	2000	Binding of virus to MBL was via the carbohydrate-recognition domain of MBL since binding did not occur in the absence of Ca(2+) and was blocked by preincubation of MBL-coated wells with soluble mannan.	Carbohydrates	36-48	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	71-74
10725420-7	2000	Although host cell glycoproteins are incorporated into the membrane of HIV, binding of virus to immobilized MBL required expression of gp120/gp41 on virus particles, suggesting the presence of either an unusually high carbohydrate density and/or a unique carbohydrate structure on gp120/gp41 that is the target of MBL.	Carbohydrates	218-230	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	108-111
10725420-7	2000	Although host cell glycoproteins are incorporated into the membrane of HIV, binding of virus to immobilized MBL required expression of gp120/gp41 on virus particles, suggesting the presence of either an unusually high carbohydrate density and/or a unique carbohydrate structure on gp120/gp41 that is the target of MBL.	Carbohydrates	255-267	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	108-111
10725420-8	2000	This study shows that PI of HIV bind to MBL and suggests that MBL can selectively interact with HIV in vivo via carbohydrate structures on gp120/gp41.	Carbohydrates	112-124	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	40-43
28850848-2	2018	However they conserved a "mammalian-type" nutritional regulation of glucokinase encoding gene and its enzymatic activity by dietary carbohydrates which remains puzzling regarding their dietary regime.	Carbohydrates	132-145	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	68-79
28960774-0	2018	The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism is associated with lower BMI, lower postprandial glucose levels and elevated carbohydrate intake in children and adolescents.	Carbohydrates	108-120	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	4-8
10725420-8	2000	This study shows that PI of HIV bind to MBL and suggests that MBL can selectively interact with HIV in vivo via carbohydrate structures on gp120/gp41.	Carbohydrates	112-124	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	62-65
28850848-6	2018	Additionally, glycaemia and more particularly gck mRNA level and gck enzymatic activity prove that Kerguelen trout digest and metabolise dietary carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	145-158	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	46-49
28850848-6	2018	Additionally, glycaemia and more particularly gck mRNA level and gck enzymatic activity prove that Kerguelen trout digest and metabolise dietary carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	145-158	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	65-68
10725420-8	2000	This study shows that PI of HIV bind to MBL and suggests that MBL can selectively interact with HIV in vivo via carbohydrate structures on gp120/gp41.	Carbohydrates	112-124	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	139-144
28850848-11	2018	As a conclusion, our findings may explain the evolutionary conservation of a "mammalian-type" nutritional regulation of gck by dietary carbohydrates in these carnivorous fish.	Carbohydrates	135-148	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	120-123
10694390-2	2000	The extracytoplasmic region of the IGF-II/MPR contains 15 repeating domains; the two carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) have been localized to domains 1-3 and 7-9, and the high-affinity IGF-II binding site maps to domain 11.	Carbohydrates	85-97	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	35-41
29564062-12	2018	Enrichment of these clusters separately lead to carbohydrate metabolism, long chain fatty acid and regulation of JAK-STAT and IL-17 signaling pathways, respectively.	Carbohydrates	48-60	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	126-131
29306485-1	2018	Elevated carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) have been associated with adverse outcome after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).	Carbohydrates	9-21	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	35-40
10694390-2	2000	The extracytoplasmic region of the IGF-II/MPR contains 15 repeating domains; the two carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) have been localized to domains 1-3 and 7-9, and the high-affinity IGF-II binding site maps to domain 11.	Carbohydrates	85-97	progesterone receptor membrane component 1	Homo sapiens	42-45
29361765-3	2018	Investigations have also revealed that THP is an effective binding ligand for serum albumin, immunoglobulin G light chains, complement components C1 and C1q, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and interferon-gamma through its carbohydrate side chains for maintaining circulatory and renal immune homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	262-274	uromodulin	Homo sapiens	39-42
10694390-3	2000	To characterize the carbohydrate binding properties of the IGF-II/MPR, regions of the receptor encompassing the individual CRDs were produced in a baculovirus expression system.	Carbohydrates	20-32	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	59-65
29361765-8	2018	Furthermore, our data support both an intact protein core structure and carbohydrate side chains are important for the different protein-binding capacities of THP.	Carbohydrates	72-84	uromodulin	Homo sapiens	159-162
29218530-1	2018	The facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT) family plays a key role in metabolic homeostasis, controlling the absorption rates and rapid response to changing carbohydrate levels.	Carbohydrates	158-170	solute carrier family 2 member 2	Homo sapiens	38-42
10694390-3	2000	To characterize the carbohydrate binding properties of the IGF-II/MPR, regions of the receptor encompassing the individual CRDs were produced in a baculovirus expression system.	Carbohydrates	20-32	progesterone receptor membrane component 1	Homo sapiens	66-69
29089222-2	2017	SCD1 catalyzes the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), mainly oleate and palmitoleate, which are important in controlling weight gain in response to feeding high carbohydrate diets.	Carbohydrates	176-188	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	0-4
10702256-9	2000	Removal of N- and O-linked oligosaccharides reduces the M(r) to approximately 160,000, suggesting that approximately 60% of the mass of SPACRCAN is carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	148-160	interphotoreceptor matrix proteoglycan 2	Homo sapiens	136-144
10712595-0	2000	Salmon antithrombin has only three carbohydrate side chains, and shows functional similarities to human beta-antithrombin.	Carbohydrates	35-47	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	7-19
29664527-5	2017	The nutritional perioperative interventions in the ERAS protocols, focus on avoiding prolonged preoperative fasting by oral carbohydrate loading up to two hours before surgery, accompanied by early postoperative feeding through the digestive tube.	Carbohydrates	124-136	ES cell expressed Ras	Homo sapiens	51-55
29084242-4	2017	Here, we address the importance of Dawdle (Daw) after carbohydrate ingestion.	Carbohydrates	54-66	dawdle	Drosophila melanogaster	35-41
10712595-5	2000	The existence of only three N-linked side chains is evidenced by the sequential removal of three carbohydrate chains from salmon antithrombin during timed-digestion with N-glycosidase F. The high heparin binding affinity of the salmon inhibitor, Kd of 2.2 and 48 nM at I = 0.15 and 0.3, respectively, is very similar to that of the minor human isoform beta-antithrombin, which is not glycosylated at Asn135.	Carbohydrates	97-109	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	129-141
10704527-1	2000	Protocols for analyzing the fine structure of hyaluronan and chondroitin sulfate using fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis of 2-aminoacridone-derivatized hyaluronidase/chondroitinase digestion products were adapted for direct analysis of previously characterized cartilage-derived samples.	Carbohydrates	108-120	galactosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfatase	Homo sapiens	182-196
28724607-1	2017	The incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), is known for responding to dietary fat and carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	98-110	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	22-45
28724607-1	2017	The incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), is known for responding to dietary fat and carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	98-110	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	47-52
11201791-9	2000	According to this model, the GSL microdomain may: i) stabilize the attachment of the virus with the cell surface through multiple low affinity interactions between the V3 domain of gp120 and the carbohydrate moiety of GSL, and ii) convey the virus to an appropriate coreceptor by moving freely in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane.	Carbohydrates	195-207	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	181-186
28860448-3	2017	The THRSP gene acts as a key lipogenic activator and can be activated by thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3), glucose, carbohydrate and insulin.	Carbohydrates	121-133	thyroid hormone responsive	Gallus gallus	4-9
12749772-11	2000	Furthermore, our results with the 344del.15 mutant suggest that the down-modulation of Lselectin induced by certain sulfated carbohydrate ligands may be initiated through surface receptors other than L-selectin itself.	Carbohydrates	125-137	selectin L	Homo sapiens	200-210
28824637-10	2017	Reagents for blockade of lectin-BCR interaction may include antibodies against high-mannose glycans and mannose-based oligosaccharide mimics or non-carbohydrate glycomimetics.	Carbohydrates	148-160	BCR activator of RhoGEF and GTPase	Homo sapiens	32-35
10683616-10	2000	The mobility of the M protein was greater in older patients probably because of aging-related changes in the carbohydrate chain of immunoglobulins composing an M-protein molecule.	Carbohydrates	109-121	myomesin 2	Homo sapiens	160-169
28627053-7	2017	Postprandial plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were substantially lower with the high-protein medium-carbohydrate diet than the high-carbohydrate medium-protein diet.	Carbohydrates	109-121	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	32-39
28627053-7	2017	Postprandial plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were substantially lower with the high-protein medium-carbohydrate diet than the high-carbohydrate medium-protein diet.	Carbohydrates	141-153	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	32-39
10859542-7	2000	CONCLUSION: These results indicate that both sLe(a) and sLe(x) carbohydrate antigens are involved in E-selectin-mediated adhesion of some urothelial cancers, and that there might be unknown ligands for E-selectin on urothelial cancer cells.	Carbohydrates	63-75	selectin E	Homo sapiens	101-111
28627053-12	2017	The increase in insulin sensitivity indicated improved control of carbohydrate metabolism, possible due to weight loss and to the nature of the diet.	Carbohydrates	66-78	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	16-23
28530679-2	2017	Increases in OXT also tend to decrease food intake, especially of sweet carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	72-85	oxytocin/neurophysin I prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	13-16
10647178-2	1999	Heltuba is highly specific for the disaccharides Man alpha 1-3Man or Man alpha 1-2Man, two carbohydrates that are particularly abundant in the glycoconjugates exposed on the surface of viruses, bacteria and fungi, and on the epithelial cells along the gastrointestinal tract of lower animals.	Carbohydrates	91-104	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	53-60
10647178-2	1999	Heltuba is highly specific for the disaccharides Man alpha 1-3Man or Man alpha 1-2Man, two carbohydrates that are particularly abundant in the glycoconjugates exposed on the surface of viruses, bacteria and fungi, and on the epithelial cells along the gastrointestinal tract of lower animals.	Carbohydrates	91-104	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	73-80
28520814-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Recent studies indicated that eating behaviors are under genetic influence, and the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) gene polymorphisms can affect the total energy intake and the consumption of fat, protein and carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	221-234	melanocortin 4 receptor	Homo sapiens	96-119
10647178-5	1999	The crystal structures of Heltuba in complex with Man alpha 1-3Man and Man alpha 1-2Man, solved at 2.35 A and 2.45 A resolution respectively, reveal the carbohydrate-binding site and the residues required for the specificity towards alpha 1-3 or alpha 1-2 mannose linkages.	Carbohydrates	153-165	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	54-61
28520814-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Recent studies indicated that eating behaviors are under genetic influence, and the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) gene polymorphisms can affect the total energy intake and the consumption of fat, protein and carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	221-234	melanocortin 4 receptor	Homo sapiens	121-125
10647178-5	1999	The crystal structures of Heltuba in complex with Man alpha 1-3Man and Man alpha 1-2Man, solved at 2.35 A and 2.45 A resolution respectively, reveal the carbohydrate-binding site and the residues required for the specificity towards alpha 1-3 or alpha 1-2 mannose linkages.	Carbohydrates	153-165	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	75-82
10611466-0	1999	Alterations of carbohydrate and lipid intermediary metabolism during inhibition of glucose-6-phosphatase in rats.	Carbohydrates	15-27	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-104
28416698-1	2017	Anti-MAG (myelin-associated glycoprotein) neuropathy is a disabling autoimmune peripheral neuropathy caused by monoclonal IgM autoantibodies that recognize the carbohydrate epitope HNK-1 (human natural killer-1).	Carbohydrates	160-172	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	10-40
27768859-1	2017	Activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-delta (PPARdelta) induces the expression of genes encoding enzymes that metabolize fatty acids and carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	152-164	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens	10-58
27768859-1	2017	Activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-delta (PPARdelta) induces the expression of genes encoding enzymes that metabolize fatty acids and carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	152-164	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens	60-69
10600777-4	1999	The dissimilarity in metabolism of [2-(13)C]FBP derived from [2-(13)C]glucose breakdown and metabolism of exogenous [1-(13)C]FBP demonstrates that carbohydrate metabolism is compartmented in PCMV.	Carbohydrates	147-159	fructose-bisphosphatase 1	Sus scrofa	44-47
28283319-4	2017	Oxytocin preferentially suppresses intake of sweet-tasting carbohydrates while improving glucose tolerance and supporting bone remodeling, making it an enticing translational target.	Carbohydrates	59-72	oxytocin/neurophysin I prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	0-8
27089502-8	2017	IGF-1 receptor in PBL of all CDG patients had significantly (P &lt; 0.01) reduced carbohydrate content when compared with control.	Carbohydrates	82-94	insulin like growth factor 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	0-14
10600777-4	1999	The dissimilarity in metabolism of [2-(13)C]FBP derived from [2-(13)C]glucose breakdown and metabolism of exogenous [1-(13)C]FBP demonstrates that carbohydrate metabolism is compartmented in PCMV.	Carbohydrates	147-159	fructose-bisphosphatase 1	Sus scrofa	125-128
10597025-6	1999	The paper arrives at the conclusion that since the early stage of evolution the function of methylglyoxalase pathway has been related to carbohydrate metabolism, but its significance has been changed over the thousands of years.	Carbohydrates	137-149	glyoxalase I	Homo sapiens	92-108
10548528-1	1999	Shifting rats to a protein-free, carbohydrate-rich diet, although not starvation, resulted in the appearance of mRNA for, and activity of, 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (3-PGDH) in liver as well as in a marked decrease in plasma cystine concentration.	Carbohydrates	33-45	phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	139-171
10548528-1	1999	Shifting rats to a protein-free, carbohydrate-rich diet, although not starvation, resulted in the appearance of mRNA for, and activity of, 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (3-PGDH) in liver as well as in a marked decrease in plasma cystine concentration.	Carbohydrates	33-45	phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	173-179
10528213-0	1999	L-selectin ligands expressed by human leukocytes are HECA-452 antibody-defined carbohydrate epitopes preferentially displayed by P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1.	Carbohydrates	79-91	selectin L	Homo sapiens	0-10
10528213-0	1999	L-selectin ligands expressed by human leukocytes are HECA-452 antibody-defined carbohydrate epitopes preferentially displayed by P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1.	Carbohydrates	79-91	selectin P ligand	Homo sapiens	129-161
10528213-2	1999	The predominant leukocyte L-selectin ligand is P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), which displays appropriate sialyl Lewis x (sLex)-like carbohydrate determinants for L-selectin recognition.	Carbohydrates	144-156	selectin L	Homo sapiens	26-36
10528213-2	1999	The predominant leukocyte L-selectin ligand is P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), which displays appropriate sialyl Lewis x (sLex)-like carbohydrate determinants for L-selectin recognition.	Carbohydrates	144-156	selectin P ligand	Homo sapiens	47-79
10528213-2	1999	The predominant leukocyte L-selectin ligand is P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), which displays appropriate sialyl Lewis x (sLex)-like carbohydrate determinants for L-selectin recognition.	Carbohydrates	144-156	selectin P ligand	Homo sapiens	81-87
10528213-12	1999	Therefore, the HECA-452-defined carbohydrate determinant displayed on PSGL-1 represented the predominant L-selectin and P-selectin ligand expressed by neutrophils.	Carbohydrates	32-44	selectin P ligand	Homo sapiens	70-76
29437293-1	2018	Gum is a widely available carbohydrate, composed mainly of non-digestible structural carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	26-38	OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity	Homo sapiens	0-3
10528213-12	1999	Therefore, the HECA-452-defined carbohydrate determinant displayed on PSGL-1 represented the predominant L-selectin and P-selectin ligand expressed by neutrophils.	Carbohydrates	32-44	selectin L	Homo sapiens	105-115
29437293-1	2018	Gum is a widely available carbohydrate, composed mainly of non-digestible structural carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	85-98	OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity	Homo sapiens	0-3
10528213-12	1999	Therefore, the HECA-452-defined carbohydrate determinant displayed on PSGL-1 represented the predominant L-selectin and P-selectin ligand expressed by neutrophils.	Carbohydrates	32-44	selectin P	Homo sapiens	120-130
28992109-7	2018	Gal-1/beta1 integrin complex was sensitive to chemical and enzyme treatments, indicating carbohydrate dependent interaction.	Carbohydrates	89-101	integrin subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	6-20
10596967-2	1999	Under identical dietary fat conditions, type of carbohydrate and cholesterol content contributed to the timing of leptin increases.	Carbohydrates	48-60	leptin	Mus musculus	114-120
10506632-0	1999	Dietary fat and carbohydrates are independently associated with circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 concentrations in healthy adults.	Carbohydrates	16-29	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	109-153
29270392-0	2017	Carbohydrate restriction ameliorates nephropathy by reducing oxidative stress and upregulating HIF-1alpha levels in type-1 diabetic rats.	Carbohydrates	0-12	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	95-105
10506632-7	1999	CONCLUSION: Serum IGF-1 and/or IGFBP-3 concentrations are associated with red meat, carbohydrate intake, and fat intake and, thus, may mediate the effect of these dietary factors on the pathogenesis of several disease states.	Carbohydrates	84-96	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	31-38
10452802-11	1999	The P-selectin assay was successfully employed to identify and optimize novel carbohydrate-based P-selectin antagonists.	Carbohydrates	78-90	selectin P	Homo sapiens	4-14
29066669-10	2017	Conserved residues from a diverse set of BAM2 orthologs were mapped onto a homology model of the protein, revealing a large, conserved surface away from the active site that we hypothesize is a secondary carbohydrate-binding site.	Carbohydrates	204-216	beta-amylase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	41-45
10452802-11	1999	The P-selectin assay was successfully employed to identify and optimize novel carbohydrate-based P-selectin antagonists.	Carbohydrates	78-90	selectin P	Homo sapiens	97-107
10694936-2	1999	In the key areas of mucosal protection, neutrophil binding, and tumour metastasis, they are often coexpressed on the outer cell membrane, with Lewis blood group antigens forming the terminal carbohydrate chains on a CEA related glycoprotein backbone.	Carbohydrates	191-203	fucosyltransferase 3 (Lewis blood group)	Homo sapiens	143-160
29156593-6	2017	A possible importance of the IRR carbohydrate moiety for its activation was also assessed.	Carbohydrates	33-45	insulin receptor related receptor	Homo sapiens	29-32
10414365-13	1999	Binding of vitronectin and lactoferrin was efficiently inhibited by preincubating of staphylococcal cells with sulphated carbohydrate compounds as heparin, dextran sulphate and fucoidan, but not by other non-sulphated highly charged glycoconjugates such as hyaluronic acid.	Carbohydrates	121-133	lactotransferrin	Bos taurus	27-38
28972165-1	2017	We recently reported that the lectin surfactant protein D (SP-D) suppresses epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling by interfering with ligand binding to EGFR through an interaction between the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of SP-D and N-glycans of EGFR.	Carbohydrates	204-216	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	37-57
28972165-1	2017	We recently reported that the lectin surfactant protein D (SP-D) suppresses epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling by interfering with ligand binding to EGFR through an interaction between the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of SP-D and N-glycans of EGFR.	Carbohydrates	204-216	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	59-63
28972165-1	2017	We recently reported that the lectin surfactant protein D (SP-D) suppresses epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling by interfering with ligand binding to EGFR through an interaction between the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of SP-D and N-glycans of EGFR.	Carbohydrates	204-216	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	245-249
29099761-2	2017	This review focuses on the role of carbohydrates of bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS, lipooligosaccharide, LOS, and lipid A), in the interaction with the host Toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 2 (TLR4/MD-2) complex.	Carbohydrates	35-48	lymphocyte antigen 96	Homo sapiens	231-235
10330290-1	1999	The lectin complement pathway is initiated by binding of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and MBL-associated serine protease (MASP) to carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	131-144	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	57-79
10330290-1	1999	The lectin complement pathway is initiated by binding of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and MBL-associated serine protease (MASP) to carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	131-144	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	81-84
10330290-1	1999	The lectin complement pathway is initiated by binding of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and MBL-associated serine protease (MASP) to carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	131-144	MBL associated serine protease 1	Homo sapiens	90-120
29251622-0	2017	[The chemerin production changes in obese patients with different carbohydrate metabolism state].	Carbohydrates	66-78	retinoic acid receptor responder 2	Homo sapiens	5-13
10330290-1	1999	The lectin complement pathway is initiated by binding of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and MBL-associated serine protease (MASP) to carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	131-144	MBL associated serine protease 1	Homo sapiens	122-126
29251622-3	2017	The aim of the study was to investigate chemerin production in obese patients with different states of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	103-115	retinoic acid receptor responder 2	Homo sapiens	40-48
29251622-9	2017	We found significant differences in the plasma level of chemerin and tissue-specific features of RARRES2 gene expression in obese patients, depending on the degree of obesity and the state of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	192-204	retinoic acid receptor responder 2	Homo sapiens	56-64
10850292-2	1999	This conjugate was then coupled to the carbohydrate side chains of T101 monoclonal antibody (anti-CD5).	Carbohydrates	39-51	CD5 molecule	Homo sapiens	98-101
29251622-9	2017	We found significant differences in the plasma level of chemerin and tissue-specific features of RARRES2 gene expression in obese patients, depending on the degree of obesity and the state of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	192-204	retinoic acid receptor responder 2	Homo sapiens	97-104
29251622-11	2017	Identified relationship chemerin plasma content and the expression level of its gene in biopsies with various parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, proinflammatory molecules indicate chemerin involved in metabolic and immune processes in obesity.	Carbohydrates	124-136	retinoic acid receptor responder 2	Homo sapiens	24-32
28584296-5	2017	Other genes were involved in carbohydrate metabolism/glucose homoeostasis or in lipid metabolism (for example, TCF7L2, ADRB3, LIPE, GIPR), revealing plausible mechanisms according to existing biological knowledge.	Carbohydrates	29-41	lipase E, hormone sensitive type	Homo sapiens	126-130
10097920-9	1999	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that independent of body composition, leptin concentration may be increased by environmental factors, such as a high-carbohydrate diet and a high level of physical activity.	Carbohydrates	152-164	leptin	Homo sapiens	73-79
29552060-0	2017	Physicochemical and Immunomodulatory Properties of Gum Exudates Obtained from Astragalus myriacanthus and Some of Its Isolated Carbohydrate Biopolymers.	Carbohydrates	127-139	OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity	Homo sapiens	51-54
10359045-9	1999	These results suggest that patients who have high serum E-selectin levels, especially with carbohydrate antigen-positive NSCLC, might be expected to have poor prognoses.	Carbohydrates	91-103	selectin E	Homo sapiens	56-66
28845625-2	2017	Carbohydrates directly stimulate an insulin response, and studies have recently shown that insulin and binding to respective insulin receptors (IRs) are critical in Kisspeptin (Kiss1) neuronal development.	Carbohydrates	0-13	KiSS-1 metastasis suppressor	Homo sapiens	177-182
28845625-4	2017	This information suggests that carbohydrate restriction may delay pubertal development in adolescents due to the impact on insulin and Kiss1 transcription.	Carbohydrates	31-43	KiSS-1 metastasis suppressor	Homo sapiens	135-140
10075024-1	1999	Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is a plasma protein which, upon binding to microbial carbohydrate structures, elicits activation of the complement system.	Carbohydrates	81-93	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-21
28835604-0	2017	Spontaneously Ruptured Paraovarian Tumor of Borderline Malignancy with Extremely Elevated Serum Carbohydrate Antigen 125 (CA125) Levels: A Comparison of the Imaging and Pathological Features.	Carbohydrates	96-108	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	122-127
28806750-5	2017	Recombinant PHL exhibited high affinity for fucosylated carbohydrates and the unusual disaccharide 3,6-O-Me2-Glcbeta1-4(2,3-O-Me2)Rhaalpha-O-(p-C6H4)-OCH2CH2NH2 from Mycobacterium leprae.	Carbohydrates	56-69	BCR activator of RhoGEF and GTPase	Homo sapiens	12-15
10075024-1	1999	Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is a plasma protein which, upon binding to microbial carbohydrate structures, elicits activation of the complement system.	Carbohydrates	81-93	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	23-26
9889186-2	1999	The PKD1 gene codes for a large cell-surface glycoprotein, polycystin-1, of unknown function, which, based on its predicted domain structure, may be involved in protein-protein and protein-carbohydrate interactions.	Carbohydrates	189-201	polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting	Homo sapiens	4-8
9889186-2	1999	The PKD1 gene codes for a large cell-surface glycoprotein, polycystin-1, of unknown function, which, based on its predicted domain structure, may be involved in protein-protein and protein-carbohydrate interactions.	Carbohydrates	189-201	polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting	Homo sapiens	59-71
28287739-8	2017	Patterns of metabolite variation associated with AAA relate to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	63-75	AAA1	Homo sapiens	49-52
10406556-7	1999	Recent studies have, however, suggested a pathogenic role of a new modification of beta2-microglobulin in amyloid fibrils--that is, the advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) formed with carbonyl compounds derived from autoxidation of both carbohydrates and lipids ("carbonyl stress").	Carbohydrates	240-253	beta-2-microglobulin	Homo sapiens	83-102
28395151-0	2017	Discovery and evaluation of the hybrid of bromophenol and saccharide as potent and selective protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors.	Carbohydrates	58-68	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	93-124
27553771-11	2017	With low-energy, low-protein, and high-carbohydrate intake, BDNF Val/Met lowered the risk for type 2 diabetes after adjusting for confounding factors.	Carbohydrates	39-51	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	60-64
29624224-3	2017	Fanconi-Bickel syndrome (FBS) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder of carbohydrate metabolism caused by defects in the facilitative glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2 or SLC2A2) gene.	Carbohydrates	73-85	solute carrier family 2 member 2	Homo sapiens	158-163
29624224-3	2017	Fanconi-Bickel syndrome (FBS) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder of carbohydrate metabolism caused by defects in the facilitative glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2 or SLC2A2) gene.	Carbohydrates	73-85	solute carrier family 2 member 2	Homo sapiens	167-173
28671626-10	2017	Interleukin 10 (IL-10) increased from post-exercise vs. after recovery in Hypoxia + Carbohydrate group.	Carbohydrates	84-96	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	0-14
9841881-9	1998	The sugar/light-dependent regulation of AGPase gene expression may represent a part of a general cellular response to the availability/allocation of carbohydrates during photosynthesis.	Carbohydrates	149-162	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	40-46
28671626-10	2017	Interleukin 10 (IL-10) increased from post-exercise vs. after recovery in Hypoxia + Carbohydrate group.	Carbohydrates	84-96	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	16-21
30035403-3	2017	Fanconi-Bickel syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of carbohydrate metabolism, caused by mutations in the SLC2A2 gene, that codes for the glucose transporter protein 2 (GLUT2).	Carbohydrates	66-78	solute carrier family 2 member 2	Homo sapiens	118-124
30035403-3	2017	Fanconi-Bickel syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of carbohydrate metabolism, caused by mutations in the SLC2A2 gene, that codes for the glucose transporter protein 2 (GLUT2).	Carbohydrates	66-78	solute carrier family 2 member 2	Homo sapiens	150-179
30035403-3	2017	Fanconi-Bickel syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of carbohydrate metabolism, caused by mutations in the SLC2A2 gene, that codes for the glucose transporter protein 2 (GLUT2).	Carbohydrates	66-78	solute carrier family 2 member 2	Homo sapiens	181-186
9843740-13	1998	The increased PDHK activity downregulated the amount of PDH in its active form at rest and decreased carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	101-113	pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	14-17
9790295-2	1998	The sLx is the carbohydrate ligand of endothelial-selectin (E-selectin), an inducible vascular endothelial CAM.	Carbohydrates	15-27	selectin E	Homo sapiens	38-58
27992462-3	2016	Based on rodent studies, two models currently exist that involve activation of the sweet-taste receptor, T1R2/3: an indirect model, whereby luminal carbohydrates activate T1R2/3 expressed on enteroendocrine cells, resulting in the release of gut peptides which in turn regulate enterocyte sugar transport capacity; and a direct model, whereby T1R2/3 expressed on the enterocyte regulates enterocyte function.	Carbohydrates	148-161	taste 1 receptor member 2	Homo sapiens	83-109
27992462-3	2016	Based on rodent studies, two models currently exist that involve activation of the sweet-taste receptor, T1R2/3: an indirect model, whereby luminal carbohydrates activate T1R2/3 expressed on enteroendocrine cells, resulting in the release of gut peptides which in turn regulate enterocyte sugar transport capacity; and a direct model, whereby T1R2/3 expressed on the enterocyte regulates enterocyte function.	Carbohydrates	148-161	taste 1 receptor member 2	Homo sapiens	105-111
27992462-3	2016	Based on rodent studies, two models currently exist that involve activation of the sweet-taste receptor, T1R2/3: an indirect model, whereby luminal carbohydrates activate T1R2/3 expressed on enteroendocrine cells, resulting in the release of gut peptides which in turn regulate enterocyte sugar transport capacity; and a direct model, whereby T1R2/3 expressed on the enterocyte regulates enterocyte function.	Carbohydrates	148-161	taste 1 receptor member 2	Homo sapiens	171-177
28297729-1	2017	In addition to their major role in transfusion medicine, there is increasing evidence that ABO blood group antigens (complex carbohydrate molecules widely expressed on the surface of red blood cells and several other cell types) are implicated in the development of a wide array of pathologic conditions.	Carbohydrates	125-137	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	91-106
9790295-2	1998	The sLx is the carbohydrate ligand of endothelial-selectin (E-selectin), an inducible vascular endothelial CAM.	Carbohydrates	15-27	selectin E	Homo sapiens	60-70
28881825-11	2017	Global increase of hepatic interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and hepatocyte growth factor was detected in low-fat/high-carbohydrate and high-fat with respect to standard diet fed mice as well as in tumor with respect to non-tumor bearing mice.	Carbohydrates	147-159	hepatocyte growth factor	Mus musculus	93-117
9786844-5	1998	The networks were also formed by the polysialic acid-containing carbohydrate units of N-CAM.	Carbohydrates	64-76	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	86-91
28462838-0	2017	Design of antitumor agents containing carbohydrate based on GLUT1, and evaluation of antiproliferative activity.	Carbohydrates	38-50	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	60-65
27926473-13	2016	The nutrient-induced increase in GDF15 levels depends on rapid glucose and insulin excursions following fast-digesting carbohydrates, but not on the amount of calories taken in.	Carbohydrates	119-132	growth differentiation factor 15	Homo sapiens	33-38
27836001-17	2016	CONCLUSION: Gal-1 from CAFs binds to a carbohydrate structure in beta1 integrin and plays an important role in the development of GC by inducing GC metastasis and EMT through targeting Gli1.	Carbohydrates	39-51	integrin subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	65-79
27836001-17	2016	CONCLUSION: Gal-1 from CAFs binds to a carbohydrate structure in beta1 integrin and plays an important role in the development of GC by inducing GC metastasis and EMT through targeting Gli1.	Carbohydrates	39-51	GLI family zinc finger 1	Homo sapiens	185-189
28462838-1	2017	A series of novel carbohydrate-modified antitumor compounds were designed based on glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), and evaluated for their anticancer activities against four cancer cell lines.	Carbohydrates	18-30	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	83-104
9696014-1	1998	It has been postulated that the in vivo removal of many plasma glycoproteins after desialylation is mediated by their interaction with a specific endocytic receptor on hepatocytes called the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R), which is known to have a high affinity for specific carbohydrate residues, such as galactose.	Carbohydrates	281-293	mucin 4, cell surface associated	Rattus norvegicus	220-224
28462838-1	2017	A series of novel carbohydrate-modified antitumor compounds were designed based on glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), and evaluated for their anticancer activities against four cancer cell lines.	Carbohydrates	18-30	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	106-111
28267232-0	2017	DCL2- and RDR6-dependent transitive silencing of SMXL4 and SMXL5 in Arabidopsis dcl4 mutants causes defective phloem transport and carbohydrate over-accumulation.	Carbohydrates	131-143	dicer-like 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-4
27916646-2	2017	All three PPAR isotypes, PPARalpha, PPARbeta/delta, and PPARgamma, are activated by a variety of molecules, including fatty acids, eicosanoids and phospholipids, and regulate a spectrum of genes involved in development, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, inflammation, and proliferation and differentiation of many cell types in different tissues.	Carbohydrates	230-242	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens	36-44
28123937-0	2017	Fermentable carbohydrate stimulates FFAR2-dependent colonic PYY cell expansion to increase satiety.	Carbohydrates	12-24	free fatty acid receptor 2	Mus musculus	36-41
28123937-3	2017	Our aim was to test the hypothesis that FFAR2 is important in regulating the beneficial effects of fermentable carbohydrate on body weight and to understand the role of gut hormones PYY and GLP-1.	Carbohydrates	111-123	free fatty acid receptor 2	Mus musculus	40-45
28123937-8	2017	Using mice that lack FFAR2, we demonstrate that the fermentable carbohydrate inulin acts via this receptor to drive an 87% increase in the density of cells that produce the appetite-suppressing hormone peptide YY (PYY), reduce food intake, and prevent diet-induced obesity.	Carbohydrates	64-76	free fatty acid receptor 2	Mus musculus	21-26
28123937-9	2017	CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that FFAR2 is predominantly involved in regulating the effects of fermentable carbohydrate on metabolism and does so, in part, by enhancing PYY cell density and release.	Carbohydrates	114-126	free fatty acid receptor 2	Mus musculus	41-46
27583473-2	2016	OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were as follows: 1) to evaluate the association of variants rs17782313 and rs17700633 near the coding region of MC4R and 2) to evaluate the association of the transcript levels of MC4R with adiposity indices and percentage of energy from fat, carbohydrates, and protein in children.	Carbohydrates	283-296	melanocortin 4 receptor	Homo sapiens	152-162
27583473-2	2016	OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were as follows: 1) to evaluate the association of variants rs17782313 and rs17700633 near the coding region of MC4R and 2) to evaluate the association of the transcript levels of MC4R with adiposity indices and percentage of energy from fat, carbohydrates, and protein in children.	Carbohydrates	283-296	melanocortin 4 receptor	Homo sapiens	152-156
27583473-10	2016	The MC4R expression levels in PBCs were inversely associated with body fat and energy intake from carbohydrates and directly with energy from fat (all P &lt;= .05) but were not influenced by variants rs17782313 and rs17700633.	Carbohydrates	98-111	melanocortin 4 receptor	Homo sapiens	4-8
27583473-12	2016	We showed, for the first time in humans, that MC4R expression levels in PBCs are related to body fat distribution and percentage of energy intake from carbohydrates and fat.	Carbohydrates	151-164	melanocortin 4 receptor	Homo sapiens	46-50
9777418-5	1998	By analogy, one may thus speculate that, upon binding of MBL to carbohydrate, MASP-1 autoactivates and then activates MASP-2, but there is as yet no evidence for this.	Carbohydrates	64-76	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	57-60
9777418-5	1998	By analogy, one may thus speculate that, upon binding of MBL to carbohydrate, MASP-1 autoactivates and then activates MASP-2, but there is as yet no evidence for this.	Carbohydrates	64-76	MBL associated serine protease 1	Homo sapiens	78-84
9789590-3	1998	Alpha glucosidase inhibitors, available in France since 1993, constitute another therapeutic approach, reducing postprandial hyperglycemia by delaying the digestion of complex carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	176-189	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	0-17
27563008-0	2016	Human galectin-2 interacts with carbohydrates and peptides non-classically: new insight from X-ray crystallography and hemagglutination.	Carbohydrates	32-45	galectin 2	Homo sapiens	6-16
28300505-5	2017	Additionally, the applications of MIR spectroscopy to obtain information about saccharide-NaCl interactions in foods and biosystems were suggested.	Carbohydrates	79-89	membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 8	Homo sapiens	34-37
9655766-9	1998	We conclude that carbohydrate feeding that results in muscle glycogen supercompensation prevents the increase in maximally insulin-stimulated glucose transport associated with an exercise training-induced increase in muscle GLUT-4.	Carbohydrates	17-29	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	224-230
28011458-8	2017	Carbohydrate ingestion reduced DAPK3 DNA methylation in healthy men and men with type 2 diabetes, suggesting glucose may play a role.	Carbohydrates	0-12	death associated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	31-36
27540033-4	2016	Our goal was to identify carbohydrate-reactive lectins for discriminating between CA125 originating from EOC and noncancerous sources.	Carbohydrates	25-37	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	82-87
9604863-4	1998	When rats were weaned at 21 days onto a high-carbohydrate, low-fat (HCLF) diet, the concentration of liver Glc-6-Pase mRNA was markedly increased.	Carbohydrates	45-57	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	107-117
27642006-3	2016	Galectin-4 is a tandem-repeat galectin characterized by two carbohydrate recognition domains connected by a linker-peptide.	Carbohydrates	60-72	galectin 4	Homo sapiens	0-10
27888523-6	2017	The carbohydrate moieties of AGPs were altered in fibers of GhGalT1 transgenic cotton.	Carbohydrates	4-16	probable beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase 14	Gossypium hirsutum	60-67
9639355-0	1998	Embigin/basigin subgroup of the immunoglobulin superfamily: different modes of expression during mouse embryogenesis and correlated expression with carbohydrate antigenic markers.	Carbohydrates	148-160	embigin	Mus musculus	0-7
28027934-4	2017	They are induced by insulin, which directly binds to the sterol regulatory elements (SRE) or carbohydrate-responsive elements (ChORE) of the FASN promoter to induce its expression.	Carbohydrates	93-105	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	141-145
27493216-0	2016	Carbohydrate-binding domain of the POMGnT1 stem region modulates O-mannosylation sites of alpha-dystroglycan.	Carbohydrates	0-12	protein O-linked mannose N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 (beta 1,2-)	Homo sapiens	35-42
9639355-9	1998	The modes of expression of these two proteins throughout the egg cylinder stage correlated with the expression of the carbohydrate markers that they carry; embigin with Dolichos biflorus agglutinin binding sites and basigin with LeX antigen and more closely with fucosyltransferase IV, which forms the antigenic epitope.	Carbohydrates	118-130	embigin	Mus musculus	156-163
9607205-6	1998	Less requirement of the carbohydrate moiety of UTI is implicated by the observation that chondroitinase AC-treated UTI fragment was also found to inhibit CaOx crystallization with almost the same activity as UTI.	Carbohydrates	24-36	galactosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfatase	Homo sapiens	89-103
27357314-4	2016	Using Protein Analysis Through Evolutionary Relationships (PANTHER) analysis, 134 energy metabolism-associated proteins, which comprised 20 carbohydrate metabolism-associated and 27 lipid metabolism associated proteins, were identified as differentially expressed in the Ad-S100A1-EGFP hearts compared with controls.	Carbohydrates	140-152	S100 calcium binding protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	274-280
26994208-2	2016	MBL binds to carbohydrates on the surface of pathogens, initiating the complement system via the lectin-dependent pathway or facilitates opsonophagocytosis.	Carbohydrates	13-26	mannose binding lectin 2	Gallus gallus	0-3
27216868-0	2016	New [(eta(5)-C5H5)Ru(N-N)(PPh3)][PF6] compounds: colon anticancer activity and GLUT-mediated cellular uptake of carbohydrate-appended complexes.	Carbohydrates	112-124	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	79-83
26606276-4	2016	Among the most significantly up-regulated genes were regulators of carbohydrate transport, including HXT1, HXT3, HXT4, IMA5, MIG2, and YKR075C.	Carbohydrates	67-79	hexose transporter HXT1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	101-105
26606276-4	2016	Among the most significantly up-regulated genes were regulators of carbohydrate transport, including HXT1, HXT3, HXT4, IMA5, MIG2, and YKR075C.	Carbohydrates	67-79	Mig2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	125-129
27085409-6	2016	The concentration of nonstructural carbohydrates (water-soluble carbohydrates plus starch) was numerically greater in the p.m.- versus the a.m.-cut TIM and averaged 13.2+-1.06% and 12.2+-1.13%, respectively.	Carbohydrates	35-48	triosephosphate isomerase 1	Bos taurus	148-151
27085409-6	2016	The concentration of nonstructural carbohydrates (water-soluble carbohydrates plus starch) was numerically greater in the p.m.- versus the a.m.-cut TIM and averaged 13.2+-1.06% and 12.2+-1.13%, respectively.	Carbohydrates	64-77	triosephosphate isomerase 1	Bos taurus	148-151
27085864-1	2016	The T1R2 (taste type 1 receptor, member 2)/T1R3 (taste type 1 receptor, member 3) sweet taste receptor is expressed in taste buds on the tongue, where it allows the detection of energy-rich carbohydrates of food.	Carbohydrates	190-203	taste 1 receptor member 2	Homo sapiens	4-41
27203179-4	2016	Here we focus on two metabolic enzymes of the yeast S. cerevisiae, neutral trehalase (Nth1) and glycogen phosphorylase (Gph1), and show that their activities are likely directly controlled by CDK activity, thus allowing co-ordinate regulation of carbohydrate metabolism with cell division processes.	Carbohydrates	246-258	glycogen phosphorylase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	120-124
27171400-6	2016	Dilp5 expression was highly expressed at approximately a 1:2 protein-to-carbohydrate ratio and its level increased with diet caloric content.	Carbohydrates	72-84	Insulin-like peptide 5	Drosophila melanogaster	0-5
27100670-4	2016	PBRM1 re-expression led to upregulation of genes involved in cellular adhesion, carbohydrate metabolism, apoptotic process and response to hypoxia, and a downregulation of genes involved in different stages of cell division.	Carbohydrates	80-92	polybromo 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
26792177-6	2016	The mutation (p.Trp211Arg), which segregates with a disease phenotype characterized by either isolated IIP/IPF, or IPF associated with lung adenocarcinoma, is located in the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of SP-A1 and involves a residue invariant throughout evolution, not only in SP-A1, but also in its close paralog SP-A2 and other CRD-containing proteins.	Carbohydrates	174-186	surfactant protein A2	Homo sapiens	325-330
26857141-1	2016	A new reagent system consisting of a Lewis acid such as BF3 Et2O or Cu(OTf)2, the mild protic acid hexafluoroisopropanol and the reducing quenching agent triethylsilane was elaborated for O-, N- and S-detritylation of nucleoside, carbohydrate and amino acid derivatives.	Carbohydrates	230-242	POU class 2 homeobox 2	Homo sapiens	68-76
26716497-1	2016	The ABO blood group system is composed of complex carbohydrate molecules (i.e., the A, B, and H determinants) that are widely expressed on the surface of red blood cells and in a variety of other cell and tissues.	Carbohydrates	50-62	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	4-19
26890260-7	2016	These results indicate that SIRT1 is an important regulator of lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms within human fetal hepatocytes, acting as an adaptive transcriptional response to environmental changes.	Carbohydrates	73-85	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	28-33
26807564-2	2016	We performed meta-analyses to compare the screening accuracy of serum HE4 and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) for EC.	Carbohydrates	78-90	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	104-109
26018229-4	2016	PPAR includes three isoforms: PPAR-alpha, PPAR- beta and PPAR- gamma, all of which are exerting critical influences on the maintenance of the metabolism of saccharides, lipids and proteins.	Carbohydrates	156-167	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens	42-52
26977416-4	2016	The lectin pathway of the complement system, initiated by the carbohydrate-recognition molecule mannan-binding lectin (MBL), is linked to poor kidney prognosis in diabetes.	Carbohydrates	62-74	mannose-binding lectin (protein C) 2	Mus musculus	96-117
26977416-4	2016	The lectin pathway of the complement system, initiated by the carbohydrate-recognition molecule mannan-binding lectin (MBL), is linked to poor kidney prognosis in diabetes.	Carbohydrates	62-74	mannose-binding lectin (protein C) 2	Mus musculus	119-122
28329774-5	2016	Products of gene SIRT1 expression is responsible for apoptosis, differentiation, senescence cells, also affect the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	129-141	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	17-22
26241824-3	2015	In liver, expression of SRSF3 is relatively low and its activity is increased in response to insulin and feeding a high carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	120-132	serine and arginine rich splicing factor 3	Homo sapiens	24-29
26460611-7	2015	Structure-based mutational analysis shows that distinct hydrogen bond networks of four FBG3 loops, i.e., beta2-beta3, beta5-beta6, beta7-beta8, and beta9-beta10, prevent the formation of the carbohydrate-binding pocket shown in Fbs1.	Carbohydrates	191-203	F-box protein 44	Homo sapiens	87-91
29098678-1	2017	In most addictions, serious nutritional deficiencies of major proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals exist which prevent their capability to digest carbohydrates efficiently.	Carbohydrates	147-160	chromosome 10 open reading frame 90	Homo sapiens	72-76
27923067-6	2016	Combined removal of the glycogen and trehalose biosynthetic genes, especially GSY2 and TPS1, nearly abolishes the accumulation of storage carbohydrates and severely reduces CLS.	Carbohydrates	138-151	alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (UDP-forming) TPS1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	87-91
27923067-8	2016	Furthermore, we reveal that the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species are cooperatively controlled by Yak1, Rim15 and Mck1, and the three kinases mediate the TOR1-regulated accumulation of storage carbohydrates and CLS extension.	Carbohydrates	207-220	phosphatidylinositol kinase-related protein kinase TOR1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	168-172
27723310-2	2016	A carbohydrate-templated asymmetric intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of a masked o-benzoquinone (MOB) 9 and an aqueous acid-catalyzed intramolecular aldol reaction are the key synthetic steps.	Carbohydrates	2-14	sphingomyelin synthase 1	Homo sapiens	100-103
27283640-1	2016	The bovine milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) has many associated biological activities, many of which are linked with specific carbohydrate structures of MFGM glycoconjugates.	Carbohydrates	126-138	milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing	Bos taurus	11-36
27283640-1	2016	The bovine milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) has many associated biological activities, many of which are linked with specific carbohydrate structures of MFGM glycoconjugates.	Carbohydrates	126-138	milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing	Bos taurus	38-42
27283640-1	2016	The bovine milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) has many associated biological activities, many of which are linked with specific carbohydrate structures of MFGM glycoconjugates.	Carbohydrates	126-138	milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing	Bos taurus	153-157
27821074-13	2016	CONCLUSIONS: CCI-779 induces transcriptomic changes, and mTOR signaling might have significant function in the activation of RNA polymerase and certain transcription factors and in the metabolism of amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates, and single nucleotides in GFbs.	Carbohydrates	220-233	serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR	Capra hircus	57-61
27566333-4	2016	ABO, Secretor and Lewis histo-blood group systems express a variety of tissue carbohydrate antigens that influence the susceptibility or resistance to diseases.	Carbohydrates	78-90	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-3
27522630-1	2016	OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate the prognostic effect of carbohydrate antigen-125 (CA125)-guided therapy (CA125 strategy) versus standard of care (SOC) after a hospitalization for acute heart failure (AHF).	Carbohydrates	67-79	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	93-98
27522630-1	2016	OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate the prognostic effect of carbohydrate antigen-125 (CA125)-guided therapy (CA125 strategy) versus standard of care (SOC) after a hospitalization for acute heart failure (AHF).	Carbohydrates	67-79	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	116-121
27080622-11	2016	Interestingly, the respiratory exchange ratio for CART-/- mice, which shifted from lower at RT to higher at TN with respect to WT controls, indicates a transition of relative fuel source preference from fat to carbohydrate in the absence of CART signaling.	Carbohydrates	210-222	CART prepropeptide	Mus musculus	50-54
27485523-6	2016	Differential gene expression profiling of wild-type and pRD29A::AtDREB1A transgenic plants following drought stress revealed that the expression levels of various genes associated with the stress response, photosynthesis, signaling, carbohydrate metabolism and protein protection were substantially higher in transgenic plants.	Carbohydrates	233-245	dehydration response element B1A	Arabidopsis thaliana	64-72
27044345-1	2016	Pinto bean pod polysaccharide (PBPP) was successfully extracted with yield of 38.5g/100g and the PBPP gave total carbohydrate and uronic acid contents of 286.2mg maltose equivalent/g and 374.3mgGal/g, respectively.	Carbohydrates	113-125	forkhead box L2	Homo sapiens	0-5
27176937-9	2016	In this study, we addressed this question by analysing sLex expression together with two glycoproteins (BST-2 and LGALS3BP), shown to interact with E-selectin in a carbohydrate-dependent manner, in a cohort of 249 invasive breast cancers.	Carbohydrates	164-176	bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2	Homo sapiens	104-109
27210229-3	2016	A modified combining rule with rescaled effective cross-interaction radius between cations and the hydroxyl oxygens on the carbohydrates was introduced to reproduce the experimental stability constants, which the preferential carbohydrate-cation complexing structures through the ax-eq-ax sequence of O-1, O-2, and O-3 on alpha-d-Allopyranose were also observed.	Carbohydrates	123-136	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-40	Homo sapiens	301-318
27210229-3	2016	A modified combining rule with rescaled effective cross-interaction radius between cations and the hydroxyl oxygens on the carbohydrates was introduced to reproduce the experimental stability constants, which the preferential carbohydrate-cation complexing structures through the ax-eq-ax sequence of O-1, O-2, and O-3 on alpha-d-Allopyranose were also observed.	Carbohydrates	123-135	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-40	Homo sapiens	301-318
26855011-1	2016	The intelectin (Intl) family is a group of secretory lectins in chordates that serve multiple functions, including innate immunity, through Ca(2+)-dependent recognition of carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	172-184	intelectin 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	4-14
26855011-1	2016	The intelectin (Intl) family is a group of secretory lectins in chordates that serve multiple functions, including innate immunity, through Ca(2+)-dependent recognition of carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	172-184	intelectin 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	16-20
27185912-1	2016	Hemagglutinin-esterases (HEs) are bimodular envelope proteins of orthomyxoviruses, toroviruses, and coronaviruses with a carbohydrate-binding "lectin" domain appended to a receptor-destroying sialate-O-acetylesterase ("esterase").	Carbohydrates	121-133	sialic acid acetylesterase	Homo sapiens	192-216
27200068-9	2016	Developing common bean varieties able to thrive under nutrient limiting conditions will have a major impact on human nutrition, particularly in countries where dry beans are the main source of carbohydrates, protein and minerals.	Carbohydrates	193-206	brain expressed associated with NEDD4 1	Homo sapiens	18-22
26851358-5	2016	The AF4-MALLS system enabled a complete analysis of mucilage carbohydrate aggregates in water, in which two populations were satisfactorily separated.	Carbohydrates	61-73	AF4/FMR2 family member 1	Homo sapiens	4-7
27017379-1	2016	Galectin-4, a tandem repeat member of the beta-galactoside-binding proteins, possesses two carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRD) in a single peptide chain.	Carbohydrates	91-103	galectin 4	Homo sapiens	0-10
26959981-0	2016	UCP1 and UCP3 Expression Is Associated with Lipid and Carbohydrate Oxidation and Body Composition.	Carbohydrates	54-66	uncoupling protein 3	Homo sapiens	9-13
26959981-12	2016	Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the UCP1 and UCP3 genes contributed to lipid and carbohydrate oxidation.	Carbohydrates	97-109	uncoupling protein 3	Homo sapiens	61-65
26959981-14	2016	CONCLUSIONS: UCP1 and UCP3 expression is associated with lipid and carbohydrate oxidation in patients submitted to bariatric surgery.	Carbohydrates	67-79	uncoupling protein 3	Homo sapiens	22-26
26680361-1	2016	Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is a multifunctional homodimeric protein, and is the key enzyme required for the anabolic conversion of dietary carbohydrates to fatty acids.	Carbohydrates	138-151	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	0-19
26680361-1	2016	Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is a multifunctional homodimeric protein, and is the key enzyme required for the anabolic conversion of dietary carbohydrates to fatty acids.	Carbohydrates	138-151	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	21-24
9600904-6	1998	Refeeding a high carbohydrate/low fat diet resulted in a 4- to 5-fold increase of nuclear SREBP-1 above nonfasted levels, whereas nuclear SREBP-2 protein returned only to the nonfasted level.	Carbohydrates	17-29	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	90-97
26407611-7	2016	Glucose transporter1 (GLUT1), as an important factor for delivering sufficient amounts of glucose to tumor cells having high requirements for this carbohydrate (Warburg effect) was up-regulated by exogenous and endogenous ghrelin.	Carbohydrates	147-159	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	0-20
26407611-7	2016	Glucose transporter1 (GLUT1), as an important factor for delivering sufficient amounts of glucose to tumor cells having high requirements for this carbohydrate (Warburg effect) was up-regulated by exogenous and endogenous ghrelin.	Carbohydrates	147-159	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	22-27
9591714-2	1998	We have found that the natural anti-carbohydrate-specific IgM antibodies present in baby rabbit serum were able to lyse effectively the CD4+ T cells coated with the whole virus or with a recombinant gp120/160, irrespectively of the virus strain or glycoprotein expression system.	Carbohydrates	36-48	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	199-208
26878855-14	2016	Gene expression profile of AtNRAMP1 under Fe-, K-, P- and S-deficiencies, and cold, drought, heat and salt stresses revealed various proteins involving in transcription regulation, cofactor biosynthesis, diverse developmental roles, carbohydrate metabolism, oxidation-reduction reactions, cellular signaling and protein degradation pathways.	Carbohydrates	233-245	natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	27-35
9626815-9	1998	Previously we reported that reduction in the metastatic properties of the H-2Kb transfected cells was associated with alterations in cell surface carbohydrates with appearance of alpha-galactosyl epitopes and reduction in cell surface sialylation.	Carbohydrates	146-159	histocompatibility 2, K1, K region	Mus musculus	74-79
26907331-0	2016	Sweet Taste Receptor TAS1R2 Polymorphism (Val191Val) Is Associated with a Higher Carbohydrate Intake and Hypertriglyceridemia among the Population of West Mexico.	Carbohydrates	81-93	taste 1 receptor member 2	Homo sapiens	21-27
9538143-0	1998	Gene expression of fucosyl- and sialyl-transferases which synthesize sialyl Lewisx, the carbohydrate ligands for E-selectin, in human breast cancer.	Carbohydrates	88-100	selectin E	Homo sapiens	113-123
26626422-5	2016	The propensity of the developing immune system toward tolerance rather than immunity to non-self carbohydrates in ABO-incompatible transplantation was shown using glyconanotechnology tools to have exquisite specificity, and is associated with age-related changes in the B-cell compartment and complement components.	Carbohydrates	97-110	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	114-117
9512483-7	1998	To explore a transcriptional mechanism for the carbohydrate-induced increases in LPH mRNA levels, we employed two techniques currently available to estimate transcriptional rate, i.e. RNA protection assays of pre-mRNA using an intron probe, and nuclear run-on assays.	Carbohydrates	47-59	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	81-84
9512483-9	1998	These results suggest that certain monosaccharides such as fructose or their metabolite(s) are capable of enhancing LPH mRNA levels in the small intestine, and that transcriptional control might play a major role in the carbohydrate-induced increase of LPH mRNA expression.	Carbohydrates	220-232	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	253-256
26069091-1	2016	The postprandial regulation of lipocalin-2 and retinol binding protein-4 (RBP-4) by oral uptake of lipids and carbohydrates in healthy individuals has not yet been investigated.	Carbohydrates	110-123	lipocalin 2	Homo sapiens	31-42
26069091-1	2016	The postprandial regulation of lipocalin-2 and retinol binding protein-4 (RBP-4) by oral uptake of lipids and carbohydrates in healthy individuals has not yet been investigated.	Carbohydrates	110-123	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	47-72
26069091-1	2016	The postprandial regulation of lipocalin-2 and retinol binding protein-4 (RBP-4) by oral uptake of lipids and carbohydrates in healthy individuals has not yet been investigated.	Carbohydrates	110-123	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	74-79
9536049-0	1998	Evidence for the critical role of sucrose synthase for anoxic tolerance of maize roots using a double mutant The induction of the sucrose synthase (SuSy) gene (SuSy) by low O2, low temperature, and limiting carbohydrate supply suggested a role in carbohydrate metabolism under stress conditions.	Carbohydrates	208-220	sucrose synthase 1	Zea mays	149-153
26069091-13	2016	Lipocalin-2 is downregulated after lipid and carbohydrate ingestion and this kind of regulation was not predicted by age, sex, triglycerides, glucose, or insulin levels.	Carbohydrates	45-57	lipocalin 2	Homo sapiens	0-11
9485303-7	1998	The structural model is consistent with data from site-directed mutagenesis and binding of carbohydrate analogues, and allows the rational design of therapeutic Gb3 analogues that block the attachment of toxin to cells.	Carbohydrates	91-103	alpha 1,4-galactosyltransferase (P blood group)	Homo sapiens	161-164
26828567-0	2016	Structural characterisation of human galectin-4 N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain in complex with glycerol, lactose, 3"-sulfo-lactose, and 2"-fucosyllactose.	Carbohydrates	59-71	galectin 4	Homo sapiens	37-47
26828567-1	2016	Galectin-4 is a tandem-repeat galectin with two distinct carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD).	Carbohydrates	57-69	galectin 4	Homo sapiens	0-10
9485304-7	1998	We modeled three unique sites (sites 1-3) for binding of the carbohydrate moiety of Gb3 to GT3 and SLT-IIe, on the basis of the three sites observed for the SLT-I pentamer [Ling, H., et al.	Carbohydrates	61-73	alpha 1,4-galactosyltransferase (P blood group)	Homo sapiens	84-87
9456330-1	1998	During the process of lymphocyte recirculation, lymphocytes bind via L-selectin to sulfated sialyl-Lewisx (sLex)-containing carbohydrate ligands expressed on the surface of high endothelial venules (HEV).	Carbohydrates	124-136	selectin L	Homo sapiens	69-79
26848765-0	2016	Effect of -55CT Polymorphism of UCP3 on Insulin Resistance and Cardiovascular Risk Factors after a High Protein/Low Carbohydrate versus a Standard Hypocaloric Diet.	Carbohydrates	116-128	uncoupling protein 3	Homo sapiens	32-36
10682424-8	1998	HPL is one of the factors that contributing to carbohydrate metabolism changes during pregnancy.	Carbohydrates	47-59	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
26848765-2	2016	OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of polymorphism on the UCP3 promoter (-55C-&gt;T) on insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors secondary to a high protein/low carbohydrate vs. a standard hypocaloric diets (1,000 kcal/day).	Carbohydrates	198-210	uncoupling protein 3	Homo sapiens	85-89
9530957-6	1998	Based on the molecular weight, the average number of carbohydrate molecules introduced per molecule of IL-1alpha was estimated to be 9.1.	Carbohydrates	53-65	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	103-112
26511088-1	2016	In this paper, we reported the development of a micro-flow label-free impedimetric biosensor based on the use of thin-film interdigitated gold array microelectrodes (IDA) for the detection of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125).	Carbohydrates	192-204	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	218-223
9426042-6	1998	One high fat meal was accompanied by an insulin infusion reproducing the plasma insulin profile seen after a high carbohydrate meal while maintaining the glycemic profile seen after a high fat meal alone.	Carbohydrates	114-126	insulin	Bos taurus	40-47
27160726-1	2016	AIMS: This study aimed to examine the clinical significance of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) and human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) serum levels in combination for ovarian cancer detection in patients.	Carbohydrates	63-75	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	89-94
26014598-1	2015	Blood group ABH(O) carbohydrate antigens are carried by precursor structures denoted type I-IV chains, creating unique antigen epitopes that may differ in expression between circulating erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells.	Carbohydrates	19-31	alkB homolog 1, histone H2A dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	12-15
9426042-6	1998	One high fat meal was accompanied by an insulin infusion reproducing the plasma insulin profile seen after a high carbohydrate meal while maintaining the glycemic profile seen after a high fat meal alone.	Carbohydrates	114-126	insulin	Bos taurus	80-87
26024590-3	2015	Mlx interactor (Mio), the Drosophila homolog of carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP), functions as a transcription factor in the fat body of the fly to control triglyceride storage as well as feeding, suggesting that Mio may act in a nutrient-sensing pathway to coordinate food consumption and metabolism.	Carbohydrates	48-60	mondo	Drosophila melanogaster	0-14
26024590-3	2015	Mlx interactor (Mio), the Drosophila homolog of carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP), functions as a transcription factor in the fat body of the fly to control triglyceride storage as well as feeding, suggesting that Mio may act in a nutrient-sensing pathway to coordinate food consumption and metabolism.	Carbohydrates	48-60	mondo	Drosophila melanogaster	16-19
9426042-10	1998	CONCLUSIONS: Insulin contributes to the failure of calf vasoconstriction seen after a high carbohydrate meal.	Carbohydrates	91-103	insulin	Bos taurus	13-20
26024590-3	2015	Mlx interactor (Mio), the Drosophila homolog of carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP), functions as a transcription factor in the fat body of the fly to control triglyceride storage as well as feeding, suggesting that Mio may act in a nutrient-sensing pathway to coordinate food consumption and metabolism.	Carbohydrates	48-60	mondo	Drosophila melanogaster	235-238
26530529-6	2015	In addition, tumors with BRAF or KRAS mutations were in correlation with elevated serum level of carbohydrate antigen (CA19-9) and carcinoma embryonic antigen (CEA) and the combination of serum biomarkers and molecular mutation status may enhance the more precise risk stratification of CRC patients.	Carbohydrates	97-109	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	33-37
9426042-11	1998	By this vasodepressor action, insulin is at least in part responsible for the fall in blood pressure after a high carbohydrate meal.	Carbohydrates	114-126	insulin	Bos taurus	30-37
21374473-1	1998	Soybean agglutinin (SBA) is a plant lectin, a glycoprotein of nonimmune origin that binds specifically to cell surface carbohydrates through noncovalent combinations and thus provokes agglutination of the bound cells.	Carbohydrates	119-132	lectin	Glycine max	0-18
21374473-1	1998	Soybean agglutinin (SBA) is a plant lectin, a glycoprotein of nonimmune origin that binds specifically to cell surface carbohydrates through noncovalent combinations and thus provokes agglutination of the bound cells.	Carbohydrates	119-132	lectin	Glycine max	20-23
26481663-6	2015	Unexpectedly, PEPCK also increased the synthesis of ribose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as glutamine, a phenomenon not previously described.	Carbohydrates	68-80	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	14-19
25614122-0	2015	Role of tumor cell surface lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP1) and its associated carbohydrates in lung metastasis.	Carbohydrates	93-106	lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1	Mus musculus	27-65
25614122-0	2015	Role of tumor cell surface lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP1) and its associated carbohydrates in lung metastasis.	Carbohydrates	93-106	lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1	Mus musculus	67-72
25614122-15	2015	Although surface LAMP1 promotes interactions with organ ECM and BM, carbohydrates on LAMP1 play a decisive role in dictating lung metastasis.	Carbohydrates	68-81	lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1	Mus musculus	85-90
25862418-2	2015	After binding of mannan-binding lectin (MBL), ficolins or collectin 11 to carbohydrates or acetylated residues on pathogen surfaces, dimers of MBL-associated serine proteases 1 and 2 (MASP-1 and MASP-2) activate a proteolytic cascade, which culminates in the formation of the membrane attack complex and pathogen lysis.	Carbohydrates	74-87	MBL associated serine protease 2	Homo sapiens	143-182
9588031-4	1998	Therefore, to explore the biochemical similarities between CHD and CDGS, we compared the structures of the carbohydrate side chains of canine serum transferrin isolated from a normal and a CHD-affected dog.	Carbohydrates	107-119	inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase	Canis lupus familiaris	148-159
9364437-1	1997	The regional pattern of CD52 expression in the rat epididymis was followed by Northern analyses and carbohydrate-labelling of glycoconjugates on Western blots.	Carbohydrates	100-112	CD52 molecule	Rattus norvegicus	24-28
26153254-3	2015	SDS-PAGE analysis with staining for proteins and carbohydrate moieties showed that only the unglycosylated terminal regions of BSM were degraded by the proteases.	Carbohydrates	49-61	mucin-19	Bos taurus	127-130
26579206-0	2015	Dietary fat and carbohydrate modulate the effect of the ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) R230C variant on metabolic risk parameters in premenopausal women from the Genetics of Atherosclerotic Disease (GEA) Study.	Carbohydrates	16-28	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	81-86
9353122-4	1997	Here we report that CLA is an inducible carbohydrate modification of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), a known surface glycoprotein that is expressed constitutively on all human peripheral-blood T cells.	Carbohydrates	40-52	selectin P ligand	Homo sapiens	20-23
26579206-10	2015	Conversely, premenopausal women carrying the risk allele and consuming lower carbohydrate/higher fat diets showed a more favorable metabolic pattern (higher HDL-C and adiponectin levels, and lower VAT/SAT ratio, HOMA-IR, GGT and ALP levels).	Carbohydrates	77-89	inactive glutathione hydrolase 2	Homo sapiens	221-224
26579206-11	2015	CONCLUSION: This is the first study reporting a gender-specific interaction between ABCA1/R230C variant and dietary carbohydrate and fat percentages affecting VAT/SAT ratio, GGT, ALP, adiponectin levels and HOMA index.	Carbohydrates	116-128	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	84-89
26018173-14	2015	This pattern was very different from the carbohydrate profile seen for a more easily produced soluble version of the envelope glycoprotein.	Carbohydrates	41-53	endogenous retrovirus group K member 20	Homo sapiens	117-138
26068931-3	2015	Here we explored the molecular mechanisms by which ZAG regulates carbohydrate metabolism in human adipocytes.	Carbohydrates	65-77	alpha-2-glycoprotein 1, zinc-binding	Homo sapiens	51-54
26077389-4	2015	Here we report the first X-ray crystallographic structural information on human galectin-4, specifically the C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain of human (galectin-4C) in complex with lactose, lactose-3"-sulfate, 2"-fucosyllactose, lacto-N-tetraose and lacto-N-neotetraose.	Carbohydrates	120-132	galectin 4	Homo sapiens	80-90
9353122-4	1997	Here we report that CLA is an inducible carbohydrate modification of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), a known surface glycoprotein that is expressed constitutively on all human peripheral-blood T cells.	Carbohydrates	40-52	selectin P ligand	Homo sapiens	69-101
9353122-4	1997	Here we report that CLA is an inducible carbohydrate modification of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), a known surface glycoprotein that is expressed constitutively on all human peripheral-blood T cells.	Carbohydrates	40-52	selectin P ligand	Homo sapiens	103-109
9323206-3	1997	Presentation of GMM to CD1b-restricted T cells was not affected by substantial variations in its lipid tails, but was extremely sensitive to chemical alterations in its carbohydrate or other polar substituents.	Carbohydrates	169-181	CD1b molecule	Homo sapiens	23-27
25670482-0	2015	Interaction of carbohydrates with alcohol dehydrogenase: Effect on enzyme activity.	Carbohydrates	15-28	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	34-55
26007194-0	2015	Protein-Carbohydrate Interaction between Sperm and the Egg-Coating Envelope and Its Regulation by Dicalcin, a Xenopus laevis Zona Pellucida Protein-Associated Protein.	Carbohydrates	8-20	S100 calcium binding protein A11 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	98-106
26007194-5	2015	This review focuses on the carbohydrate-mediated interaction of sperm with the female reproductive tract, mainly the interaction between sperm and the ZP, and introduces the fertilization-suppressive action of dicalcin, a Xenopus laevis ZP protein-associated protein.	Carbohydrates	27-39	S100 calcium binding protein A11 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	210-218
9278435-0	1997	Carbohydrate structures of recombinant human alpha-L-iduronidase secreted by Chinese hamster ovary cells.	Carbohydrates	0-12	alpha-L-iduronidase	Homo sapiens	45-64
26309814-1	2015	Glycerol kinase deficiency (GKD) is an X-linked inborn error of metabolism at the interface of fat and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	103-115	glycerol kinase	Homo sapiens	28-31
9298690-1	1997	The carbohydrate determinants, sialyl Lewis A and sialyl Lewis X, which are frequently expressed on human cancer cells, serve as ligands for a cell adhesion molecule of the selectin family, E-selectin, which is expressed on vascular endothelial cells.	Carbohydrates	4-16	selectin E	Homo sapiens	190-200
25968305-1	2015	OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of preoperative carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) levels for clinical outcomes after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB).	Carbohydrates	85-97	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	111-116
26098939-6	2015	In ischemic hearts, GLP-1 induced metabolic substrate switching by increasing the ratio of carbohydrate versus fat oxidation ( 14%, p&lt;0.01) in the LV area not at risk, without affecting cAMP levels.	Carbohydrates	91-103	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	20-25
9387095-3	1997	Herein we review current findings indicating that the c-Myc oncogenic transcription factor and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) are able to bind the lactate dehydrogenase A promoter cis acting elements, which resemble the core carbohydrate response element (ChoRE), CACGTG.	Carbohydrates	229-241	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	54-59
9202095-1	1997	Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) and sucrase-isomaltase (SI) are intestinal microvillus membrane hydrolases that play important roles in carbohydrate digestion.	Carbohydrates	138-150	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	0-27
25982227-0	2015	Improvement of the immune efficacy of carbohydrate vaccines by chemical modification on the GM3 antigen.	Carbohydrates	38-50	granulocyte macrophage antigen 3	Mus musculus	92-95
9202095-1	1997	Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) and sucrase-isomaltase (SI) are intestinal microvillus membrane hydrolases that play important roles in carbohydrate digestion.	Carbohydrates	138-150	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	29-32
9202095-1	1997	Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) and sucrase-isomaltase (SI) are intestinal microvillus membrane hydrolases that play important roles in carbohydrate digestion.	Carbohydrates	138-150	sucrase-isomaltase	Rattus norvegicus	38-56
9202095-1	1997	Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) and sucrase-isomaltase (SI) are intestinal microvillus membrane hydrolases that play important roles in carbohydrate digestion.	Carbohydrates	138-150	sucrase-isomaltase	Rattus norvegicus	58-60
26019370-3	2015	The Manalpha1-2 saccharide moieties were assembled using a nickel catalyst, Ni(4-F-PhCN)4(OTf)2, to activate trihaloacetimidate donors under mild and operationally simple procedure.	Carbohydrates	16-26	POU class 2 homeobox 2	Homo sapiens	90-95
9184148-1	1997	The beta-form of antithrombin, lacking a carbohydrate side chain on Asn-135, is known to bind heparin more tightly than the fully glycosylated alpha-form.	Carbohydrates	41-53	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	17-29
9184148-7	1997	The carbohydrate side chain at Asn-135 thus reduces the heparin affinity of alpha-antithrombin primarily by interfering with the heparin-induced conformational change.	Carbohydrates	4-16	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	82-94
9159271-4	1997	Moreover, in laboratory animal species, IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha have been found to modulate intermediary metabolism of carbohydrate, fat, and protein substrates, regulate hypothalamic-pituitary outflow, and act in the brain to reduce food intake.	Carbohydrates	121-133	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	40-44
25701231-6	2015	There was a correlation between SNAT2 expression and serum prolactin levels depending on the amount of dietary protein/carbohydrate ratio consumed.	Carbohydrates	119-131	solute carrier family 38 member 2	Homo sapiens	32-37
9101419-3	1997	Some studies have described the main oligosaccharides forming the glycosylated chains but the carbohydrate inner structures of apolipoprotein H has not been investigated yet.	Carbohydrates	94-106	apolipoprotein H	Homo sapiens	127-143
25687883-5	2015	Our results showed that the metabolic tumor burden was associated with oncogenomic alterations that reflected the abnormal expression of carbohydrate metabolic enzymes (GLUT1, ALDOA and FBP1).	Carbohydrates	137-149	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	169-174
25687883-5	2015	Our results showed that the metabolic tumor burden was associated with oncogenomic alterations that reflected the abnormal expression of carbohydrate metabolic enzymes (GLUT1, ALDOA and FBP1).	Carbohydrates	137-149	fructose-bisphosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	186-190
25792737-3	2015	Cell-free carbohydrate binding assays revealed that AMPK autophosphorylation abolished its carbohydrate-binding capacity.	Carbohydrates	10-22	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	52-56
25792737-3	2015	Cell-free carbohydrate binding assays revealed that AMPK autophosphorylation abolished its carbohydrate-binding capacity.	Carbohydrates	91-103	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	52-56
25792737-5	2015	Substitution of Thr-148 for a phospho-mimicking aspartate (T148D) prevents AMPK from binding to carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	96-108	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	75-79
9101419-12	1997	Thus, according to our results apolipoprotein H presents truncated hybryd or hybrid-type carbohydrate chains which bear few unmasked mannose residues as terminal sugar.	Carbohydrates	89-101	apolipoprotein H	Homo sapiens	31-47
9084976-5	1997	In a multiple correlation analysis, the change in leptin concentration at day 4 was significantly related to the change in dietary carbohydrate intake (partial r = 0.68, p &lt; 0.005) but not to changes in fat (r = 0.12) or protein (r = 0.02) intakes.	Carbohydrates	131-143	leptin	Homo sapiens	50-56
9084976-6	1997	There was a 1:1 relationship between the changes in leptin and dietary carbohydrate (regression slope = 1.0 +/- 0.3).	Carbohydrates	71-83	leptin	Homo sapiens	52-58
26285328-4	2015	It is concluded that the spa and health resort-based treatment with the application of local drinking Essentuki-type mineral waters for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the patients presenting with type 2 diabetes mellitus leads to the improvement of the main functions of the liver, stabilizes carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and prevents progression of the pathological process.	Carbohydrates	317-329	surfactant protein A2	Homo sapiens	25-28
9084976-8	1997	This pronounced fall in serum leptin in association with reduced carbohydrate intake before substantial loss of body fat suggests a role for leptin in defending the body"s carbohydrate stores and implicates leptin in the satiating effects of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	65-77	leptin	Homo sapiens	30-36
9084976-8	1997	This pronounced fall in serum leptin in association with reduced carbohydrate intake before substantial loss of body fat suggests a role for leptin in defending the body"s carbohydrate stores and implicates leptin in the satiating effects of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	172-184	leptin	Homo sapiens	30-36
9084976-8	1997	This pronounced fall in serum leptin in association with reduced carbohydrate intake before substantial loss of body fat suggests a role for leptin in defending the body"s carbohydrate stores and implicates leptin in the satiating effects of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	172-184	leptin	Homo sapiens	141-147
25689219-1	2015	The antigens of the ABO blood group system (A, B and H determinants) are complex carbohydrate molecules expressed on red blood cells and on a variety of other cell lines and tissues.	Carbohydrates	81-93	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	20-35
9084976-8	1997	This pronounced fall in serum leptin in association with reduced carbohydrate intake before substantial loss of body fat suggests a role for leptin in defending the body"s carbohydrate stores and implicates leptin in the satiating effects of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	172-184	leptin	Homo sapiens	141-147
9084976-8	1997	This pronounced fall in serum leptin in association with reduced carbohydrate intake before substantial loss of body fat suggests a role for leptin in defending the body"s carbohydrate stores and implicates leptin in the satiating effects of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	172-184	leptin	Homo sapiens	30-36
9672607-4	1997	[3H]-fucose labelled gp 120 was subjected to endoglycosidase F digestion, releasing diantennary complex type N-linked glycans, but leaving the inner polypeptide-bound carbohydrates, GlcNAc and possibly associated fucose units, intact.	Carbohydrates	167-180	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	21-27
9672607-8	1997	We have earlier shown that other peripheral carbohydrate determinants, i.e. beta(1-4)-galactose on N-linked glycans, maintain a correct antigenic conformation of gp 120.	Carbohydrates	44-56	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	162-168
9116643-6	1996	Carbohydrate moieties of bovine lactoferrin molecules seem to be involved in binding because glycoproteins with similar carbohydrate structures strongly inhibited binding.	Carbohydrates	0-12	lactotransferrin	Bos taurus	32-43
9116643-6	1996	Carbohydrate moieties of bovine lactoferrin molecules seem to be involved in binding because glycoproteins with similar carbohydrate structures strongly inhibited binding.	Carbohydrates	120-132	lactotransferrin	Bos taurus	32-43
8955156-0	1996	The primary structure and carbohydrate specificity of a beta-galactosyl-binding lectin from toad (Bufo arenarum Hensel) ovary reveal closer similarities to the mammalian galectin-1 than to the galectin from the clawed frog Xenopus laevis.	Carbohydrates	26-38	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	170-180
9023547-3	1996	As a precisely defined ligand, we have employed bovine asialofetuin (ASF), a glycoprotein that possesses three asparagine-linked triantennary complex carbohydrate chains with terminal LacNAc residues.	Carbohydrates	150-162	alpha 2-HS glycoprotein	Bos taurus	55-67
9023547-3	1996	As a precisely defined ligand, we have employed bovine asialofetuin (ASF), a glycoprotein that possesses three asparagine-linked triantennary complex carbohydrate chains with terminal LacNAc residues.	Carbohydrates	150-162	alpha 2-HS glycoprotein	Bos taurus	69-72
9013737-5	1996	The leptin-induced decrease in RQ suggests a reduction in the fraction of total energy derived from carbohydrate oxidation and a corresponding increase in energy derived from fat oxidation.	Carbohydrates	100-112	leptin	Mus musculus	4-10
9182286-2	1996	To investigate the expression of a simple mucin-type carbohydrate antigen (Sialyl-Tn/STn) and its putative relationship with established or potentially useful clinico-pathologic prognostic parameters in breast cancer, we studied forty-six cases of invasive breast carcinoma in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections.	Carbohydrates	53-65	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 2	Homo sapiens	85-88
26046242-15	2015	In addition to phylogenetic differences in gut microbiome with different intestinal origins, we identify several important pathways, such as nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor, affected by Vdr status, including amino acid, carbohydrate, and fatty acid synthesis and metabolism, detoxification, infections, signal transduction, and cancer and other diseases.	Carbohydrates	244-256	vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor	Mus musculus	210-213
25771935-5	2015	Furthermore, we aimed to investigate whether acute exercise-induced plasma BDNF elevations would be associated with improved indices of insulin resistance, as well as substrate utilization [carbohydrate oxidation (CHOoxi) and fat oxidation (FAToxi)].	Carbohydrates	190-202	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	75-79
8972736-7	1996	Jurkat-CD2 is associated with sialyl Lewis X-related carbohydrates which differ in their expression or composition from that of the non-stimulatory CD2 from non-malignant T cells.	Carbohydrates	53-66	CD2 molecule	Homo sapiens	7-10
8972736-8	1996	Taken together the data presented in this report suggest that-at least in the case of Jurkat-CD2-L-selectin is involved in monocyte activation by tumour typical carbohydrate structures.	Carbohydrates	161-173	CD2 molecule	Homo sapiens	93-96
8972736-8	1996	Taken together the data presented in this report suggest that-at least in the case of Jurkat-CD2-L-selectin is involved in monocyte activation by tumour typical carbohydrate structures.	Carbohydrates	161-173	selectin L	Homo sapiens	97-107
25865294-12	2015	Oxytocin resulted in a shift from carbohydrate to fat utilization and improved insulin sensitivity.	Carbohydrates	34-46	oxytocin/neurophysin I prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	0-8
8941704-7	1996	A second saccharide binding site on porcine alpha-amylase may enable larger oligosaccharides to displace RBI from its binding site in an intramolecular reaction.	Carbohydrates	9-19	alpha amylase	Bos taurus	44-57
25884209-1	2015	Galectin-2 is a monocyte-expressed carbohydrate-binding lectin, for which increased expression is genetically determined and associated with decreased collateral arteriogenesis in obstructive coronary artery disease patients.	Carbohydrates	35-47	galectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-10
8839831-3	1996	We have previously shown that L-selectin mediates a carbohydrate-dependent interaction in aggregation (Simon et al: J Immunol 149:2765, 1992; Rochon et al: J Immunol 152:1385, 1994).	Carbohydrates	52-64	selectin L	Homo sapiens	30-40
24608429-9	2015	These data suggest that SP-D reduces EGF binding to EGFR through the interaction between the carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-D and N-glycans of EGFR, and downregulates EGF signaling.	Carbohydrates	93-105	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	24-28
24608429-9	2015	These data suggest that SP-D reduces EGF binding to EGFR through the interaction between the carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-D and N-glycans of EGFR, and downregulates EGF signaling.	Carbohydrates	93-105	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	128-132
8813152-4	1996	Incubation of A375 cells with affinity-purified Mac-2-binding protein resulted in its binding to galectin-3 on the cell surface in a specific carbohydrate-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	142-154	galectin 3 binding protein	Homo sapiens	48-69
8781428-1	1996	Specific glycoforms of CD43, the major O-glycosylated cell-surface protein on T lymphocytes, can affect cell adhesion according to the types of carbohydrate side chains carried.	Carbohydrates	144-156	sialophorin	Mus musculus	23-27
25548381-3	2015	The recognition molecules of the lectin pathway of complement activation, mannose-binding lectin (MBL), ficolins, and CL-11, bind to specific carbohydrates on pathogens, triggering complement activation through MBL-associated serine protease-2 (MASP-2).	Carbohydrates	142-155	mannose-binding lectin (protein C) 2	Mus musculus	98-101
25548381-3	2015	The recognition molecules of the lectin pathway of complement activation, mannose-binding lectin (MBL), ficolins, and CL-11, bind to specific carbohydrates on pathogens, triggering complement activation through MBL-associated serine protease-2 (MASP-2).	Carbohydrates	142-155	mannose-binding lectin (protein C) 2	Mus musculus	211-214
25548381-3	2015	The recognition molecules of the lectin pathway of complement activation, mannose-binding lectin (MBL), ficolins, and CL-11, bind to specific carbohydrates on pathogens, triggering complement activation through MBL-associated serine protease-2 (MASP-2).	Carbohydrates	142-155	mannan-binding lectin serine peptidase 2	Mus musculus	245-251
8688424-0	1996	Antithrombin-heparin affinity reduced by fucosylation of carbohydrate at asparagine 155.	Carbohydrates	57-69	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	0-12
25487759-2	2015	MBL binds to carbohydrates on the surface of pathogens, where it initiates complement activation via the lectin-dependent pathway or facilitates opsonophagocytosis.	Carbohydrates	13-26	mannose binding lectin 2	Gallus gallus	0-3
8688424-9	1996	We conclude that formation of the two heparin-affinity isoforms of N135Q antithrombin results from the specific difference in fucosylation at residue 155, which may result in different structural properties of the carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	214-226	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	73-85
12239414-5	1996	In both families, one class of genes is upregulated by increasing carbohydrate supply (Sucrose synthase1 [Sus1] and Invertase2 [Ivr2]), whereas a second class in the same family is repressed by sugars and upregulated by depletion of this resource (Shrunken1 [Sh1] and Invertase1 [Ivr1]).	Carbohydrates	66-78	sucrose synthase 1	Zea mays	248-257
25527750-9	2015	Shifts in bacterial gene abundances after polydextrose and SCF supplementation included genes associated with carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid metabolism, as well as metabolism of cofactors and vitamins.	Carbohydrates	110-122	KIT ligand	Homo sapiens	59-62
12239414-5	1996	In both families, one class of genes is upregulated by increasing carbohydrate supply (Sucrose synthase1 [Sus1] and Invertase2 [Ivr2]), whereas a second class in the same family is repressed by sugars and upregulated by depletion of this resource (Shrunken1 [Sh1] and Invertase1 [Ivr1]).	Carbohydrates	66-78	sucrose synthase 1	Zea mays	259-262
8673257-5	1996	The method optimized for rTPA was also successfully applied to other glycoproteins (recombinant human erythropoietin and a monoclonal antibody) with different carbohydrate contents (3-55%).	Carbohydrates	159-171	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Rattus norvegicus	25-29
26282940-6	2015	These include modifications of the C- 17-ester moiety, the isocyclic ring, the central binding pocket, and the derivatization of peripheral functionalities at the C-3 and C-7 positions with carbohydrate-, peptide-, and nanoparticle moieties or other residues.	Carbohydrates	190-202	complement C3	Homo sapiens	163-166
26282940-6	2015	These include modifications of the C- 17-ester moiety, the isocyclic ring, the central binding pocket, and the derivatization of peripheral functionalities at the C-3 and C-7 positions with carbohydrate-, peptide-, and nanoparticle moieties or other residues.	Carbohydrates	190-202	complement C7	Homo sapiens	171-174
26007631-10	2015	E2/NOMAC showed statistically significantly favourable results on haemostatic markers and had a neutral effect on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism when compared with EE/LNG.	Carbohydrates	114-126	cystatin 12, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	0-8
8725865-0	1996	An importance of carbohydrate ingestion for the expression of the effect of alpha-glucosidase inhibitor in NIDDM.	Carbohydrates	17-29	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	76-93
25922849-2	2015	alpha-gal nanoparticles present multiple alpha-gal epitopes (Galalpha1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-R), the carbohydrate ligand of anti-Gal.	Carbohydrates	97-109	glycoprotein galactosyltransferase alpha 1, 3	Mus musculus	0-9
25922849-2	2015	alpha-gal nanoparticles present multiple alpha-gal epitopes (Galalpha1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-R), the carbohydrate ligand of anti-Gal.	Carbohydrates	97-109	glycoprotein galactosyltransferase alpha 1, 3	Mus musculus	41-50
8792386-3	1996	Carbohydrate metabolism was evaluated by fasting and postprandial glucose, insulin, and hemoglobin (Hb)Alc levels in children with chronic renal insufficiency and various other growth disorders treated with growth hormone.	Carbohydrates	0-12	allantoicase	Homo sapiens	103-106
26539555-1	2015	Using carbohydrate microarrays, we explored potential natural ligands of antitumor monoclonal antibody HAE3.	Carbohydrates	6-18	coagulation factor XII	Homo sapiens	103-107
26539555-3	2015	Our carbohydrate microarray analysis reveals that HAE3 is specific for an O-glycan cryptic epitope that is normally hidden in the cores of blood group substances.	Carbohydrates	4-16	coagulation factor XII	Homo sapiens	50-54
8609406-0	1996	A carbohydrate structure associated with CD15 (Lewis x) on myeloid cells is a novel ligand for human CD2.	Carbohydrates	2-14	CD2 molecule	Homo sapiens	101-104
24276958-0	2015	SIGLEC-4 (MAG) Antagonists: From the Natural Carbohydrate Epitope to Glycomimetics.	Carbohydrates	45-57	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	10-13
8621395-0	1996	A schiff base with mildly oxidized carbohydrate ligands stabilizes L-selectin and not P-selectin or E-selectin rolling adhesions in shear flow.	Carbohydrates	35-47	selectin L	Homo sapiens	67-77
25561225-8	2014	The area under the curve (AUC) of AZGP1 was 0.742 (p &lt; 0.001, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.656-0.827) in between the AUC of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and the AUC of CA19-9, suggesting that predictive diagnostic value of AZGP1 is between CEA and Carbohydrate 19-9 (CA19-9).	Carbohydrates	257-269	alpha-2-glycoprotein 1, zinc-binding	Homo sapiens	34-39
8735800-8	1996	Partially carbohydrate-deficient isoforms were demonstrated in antithrombin, protein C, protein S and in alpha 2-antiplasmin, but not in factors II, X and fibrinogen.	Carbohydrates	10-22	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	63-75
8735800-8	1996	Partially carbohydrate-deficient isoforms were demonstrated in antithrombin, protein C, protein S and in alpha 2-antiplasmin, but not in factors II, X and fibrinogen.	Carbohydrates	10-22	protein C, inactivator of coagulation factors Va and VIIIa	Homo sapiens	77-86
25242514-2	2014	Mutations in SP-A2 of the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) impair its glycosylation and are associated with pulmonary fibrosis in humans.	Carbohydrates	26-38	surfactant protein A2	Homo sapiens	13-18
8631270-13	1996	The presence of gliolectin in the developing Drosophila embryonic nervous system further supports a role for cell surface carbohydrates in cell-cell recognition and indicates that the molecular diversity of animal lectins is not yet completely defined.	Carbohydrates	122-135	gliolectin	Drosophila melanogaster	16-26
8721135-5	1996	Acarbose, alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, suppresses the breakdown of carbohydrates in the small intestine and consequently reduced osmolarity.	Carbohydrates	67-80	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	10-27
25116630-4	2014	CD44 is a single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein whose binding with its carbohydrate ligand hyaluronan (HA), an extracellular matrix component, mediates processes such as leukocyte homing, cell adhesion, and tumor metastasis.	Carbohydrates	72-84	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-4
8581962-7	1996	The results thus imply that an anticarbohydrate antibody distinctively detects a carbohydrate epitope specific for myosin in superfast contracting muscle fibres from jaw-closing muscles and confirm that this epitope is not present in other muscle fibre types.	Carbohydrates	35-47	myosin heavy chain 14	Homo sapiens	115-121
25356107-6	2014	Additionally, in the mice with endothelial specific over-expressed RGC-32, the disposal of carbohydrate was improved without changing insulin sensitivity when mice were faced with high fat diet challenges.	Carbohydrates	91-103	regulator of cell cycle	Mus musculus	67-73
25712329-6	2015	Furthermore, down-regulation of energy generation and carbohydrate metabolism proteins with faster growth displayed very similar expression dynamics with the global transcriptional regulator CRP (cyclic AMP receptor protein), pointing to a dominant protein resource allocating role of this protein.	Carbohydrates	54-66	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	191-194
10684399-3	1996	METHODS AND RESULTS: A synthetic carbohydrate analog to the P-selectin ligand sialyl Lewis(x) (sLe(x)) was evaluated for its ability to protect the myocardium from ischemia/reperfusion injury.	Carbohydrates	33-45	P-selectin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	60-70
25919556-1	2015	Fanconi-Bickel syndrome (FBS, OMIM 227810), a rare autosomal recessive disorder of carbohydrate metabolism, is caused by SLC2A2 (GLUT2) mutations.	Carbohydrates	83-95	solute carrier family 2 member 2	Homo sapiens	121-127
25919556-1	2015	Fanconi-Bickel syndrome (FBS, OMIM 227810), a rare autosomal recessive disorder of carbohydrate metabolism, is caused by SLC2A2 (GLUT2) mutations.	Carbohydrates	83-95	solute carrier family 2 member 2	Homo sapiens	129-134
24503189-6	2014	CONCLUSIONS: This novel mutation in the glucokinase gene led to atypical symptomatic exercise-induced hyperglycaemia that was responsive to low dose sulfonylurea with self-reported additional benefit after reduction of carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	219-231	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	40-51
24744147-3	2014	Human colon tumors and colons from mice fed high-carbohydrate diets exhibited higher amounts of beta-catenin and O-GlcNAc relative to healthy tissues and mice fed a standard diet, respectively.	Carbohydrates	49-61	catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1	Mus musculus	96-108
8543783-5	1996	Using the fucose binding lectin Ulex europaeus I, we found that gp300 acquires this carbohydrate only postnatally, temporally correlated with weaning.	Carbohydrates	84-96	deleted in malignant brain tumors 1	Mus musculus	64-69
26045765-1	2015	The Tn antigen, which arises from mutation in the Cosmc gene is one of the most common tumor associated carbohydrate antigens.	Carbohydrates	104-116	C1GALT1 specific chaperone 1	Homo sapiens	50-55
8587106-3	1995	We also surveyed the response patterns of alpha-amylase activity to dietary carbohydrates at the larval and adult stages.	Carbohydrates	76-89	Amylase proximal	Drosophila melanogaster	42-55
26043556-2	2015	GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) expression has been detected in many organs that are involved in carbohydrate metabolism, however its expression in the salivary glands, which participate in the first carbohydrate metabolism, has not been clarified yet.	Carbohydrates	89-101	glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	0-14
26043556-2	2015	GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) expression has been detected in many organs that are involved in carbohydrate metabolism, however its expression in the salivary glands, which participate in the first carbohydrate metabolism, has not been clarified yet.	Carbohydrates	89-101	glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	16-22
26043556-2	2015	GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) expression has been detected in many organs that are involved in carbohydrate metabolism, however its expression in the salivary glands, which participate in the first carbohydrate metabolism, has not been clarified yet.	Carbohydrates	192-204	glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	0-14
24794947-5	2014	The patient complicated with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and adenomyosis with higher levels of serum carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) and d-dimer.	Carbohydrates	102-114	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	128-133
25101077-5	2014	Gangliosides perform important functions through carbohydrate-specific interactions with proteins, for example, as receptors in cell-cell recognition, which can be exploited by viruses and other pathogens, and also by regulating signaling proteins, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), through lateral interaction in the membrane.	Carbohydrates	49-61	kinase insert domain receptor	Homo sapiens	309-352
25101077-5	2014	Gangliosides perform important functions through carbohydrate-specific interactions with proteins, for example, as receptors in cell-cell recognition, which can be exploited by viruses and other pathogens, and also by regulating signaling proteins, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), through lateral interaction in the membrane.	Carbohydrates	49-61	kinase insert domain receptor	Homo sapiens	354-359
24728127-0	2014	Common genetic variation in the glucokinase gene (GCK) is associated with type 2 diabetes and rates of carbohydrate oxidation and energy expenditure.	Carbohydrates	103-115	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	32-43
8938274-4	1995	Carbohydrate epitopes on gangliosides (GM2 and GD2), neutral glycolipids (Ley and Globo H) and glycoproteins (Ley, Globo H, TF, sTn and Tn) are of special interest.	Carbohydrates	0-12	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 2	Homo sapiens	128-131
24728127-0	2014	Common genetic variation in the glucokinase gene (GCK) is associated with type 2 diabetes and rates of carbohydrate oxidation and energy expenditure.	Carbohydrates	103-115	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	50-53
24728127-9	2014	CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Common variation in GCK influences the rate of carbohydrate oxidation, 24 h energy expenditure and diabetes risk in Pima Indians.	Carbohydrates	75-87	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	48-51
24929251-5	2014	We identified two gene-carbohydrate interactions (P &lt; 0.05) in non-Hispanic whites (with CDKAL1 rs471253 and FTO rs8050136), two in non-Hispanic blacks (with IGFBP2 rs4402960 and THADA rs7578597), and two in Mexican Americans (with NOTCH2 rs1092398 and TSPAN8-LGRS rs7961581).	Carbohydrates	23-35	CDK5 regulatory subunit associated protein 1 like 1	Homo sapiens	92-98
25879456-6	2015	Also, the delta-9 DI for the newly synthesized 18:0 and 18:1 pools was higher at 2 and 6 hours postprandial, with a pattern of change which supports the increased stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) activity following high carbohydrate feeding followed by a down regulation of this enzyme.	Carbohydrates	219-231	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	188-193
7592941-9	1995	This suggests that the carbohydrate moiety of the central core of C4BP is important for binding of C4BP to SAP in contrast to the C4BP beta-chain, which is not required.	Carbohydrates	23-35	amyloid P component, serum	Homo sapiens	107-110
24705721-0	2014	Mutations flanking the carbohydrate binding site of surfactant protein D confer antiviral activity for pandemic influenza A viruses.	Carbohydrates	23-35	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	52-72
24705721-1	2014	We recently reported that a trimeric neck and carbohydrate recognition domain (NCRD) fragment of human surfactant protein D (SP-D), a host defense lectin, with combinatorial substitutions at the 325 and 343 positions (D325A+R343V) exhibits markedly increased antiviral activity for seasonal strains of influenza A virus (IAV).	Carbohydrates	46-58	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	103-123
24705721-1	2014	We recently reported that a trimeric neck and carbohydrate recognition domain (NCRD) fragment of human surfactant protein D (SP-D), a host defense lectin, with combinatorial substitutions at the 325 and 343 positions (D325A+R343V) exhibits markedly increased antiviral activity for seasonal strains of influenza A virus (IAV).	Carbohydrates	46-58	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	125-129
25153452-0	2015	Prokaryotic expression of ovis aries conglutinin encoding neck and carbohydrate recognition domain and its functional characterization.	Carbohydrates	67-79	conglutinin	Bos taurus	37-48
25153452-2	2015	In the present study, sheep (Ovis aries) conglutinin encoding neck and carbohydrate recognition domain (rSCGN) was expressed in the E coli BL21 expression host.	Carbohydrates	71-83	conglutinin	Bos taurus	41-52
8697061-8	1995	Regarding their distinct functions, the evidence suggests that the NPY system is more closely related to patterns of carbohydrate ingestion and carbohydrate utilization, channeling nutrients towards the synthesis of fat.	Carbohydrates	117-129	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	67-70
27017701-11	2015	In addition, a negative correlation was revealed between the level of carbohydrate metabolism (HbA1c) and BDNF levels in the blood serum (r = -0.494, p &lt; 0.01) in both groups.	Carbohydrates	70-82	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	106-110
24332017-5	2014	The release of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides by second-order AgRP neurons appears to take place on a multiple time scale, thereby allowing neuromodulation of preganglionic neuronal activity and subsequent control of nutrient partitioning - in other words, the coordinated regulation of conversion, storage and utilization of carbohydrates vs. lipids.	Carbohydrates	331-344	agouti related neuropeptide	Homo sapiens	67-71
8697061-8	1995	Regarding their distinct functions, the evidence suggests that the NPY system is more closely related to patterns of carbohydrate ingestion and carbohydrate utilization, channeling nutrients towards the synthesis of fat.	Carbohydrates	144-156	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	67-70
25153223-8	2015	Growth retardation in our patients is likely caused by the IGF1R mutation that might predispose to disturbances of carbohydrate homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	115-127	insulin like growth factor 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	59-64
7589081-7	1995	These carbohydrates were necessary for optimal binding of both molecules to IL-1ra.	Carbohydrates	6-19	interleukin 1 receptor antagonist	Homo sapiens	76-82
24896238-4	2014	Indeed, the present review will describe the existence of the GK enzyme in different animal species that have naturally different levels of carbohydrate in their diets.	Carbohydrates	140-152	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	62-64
24896238-5	2014	Thus, some studies have been performed to analyse the nutritional regulation of the GK enzyme in humans and rodents (having high levels of dietary carbohydrates in their diets), in the chicken (moderate level of carbohydrates in its diet) and rainbow trout (no carbohydrate intake in its diet).	Carbohydrates	147-160	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	84-86
25175058-6	2015	Patterns of "B2 ions" rely on relative stability of glycosidic bonds and carbohydrate-metal complexes in the gas phase.	Carbohydrates	73-85	immunoglobulin kappa variable 5-2	Homo sapiens	12-15
7543108-4	1995	The proteins are composed of two or three polypeptide chains assembled by a newly identified carbohydrate mediated covalent inter-chain "Protein-Glycosaminoglycan-Protein" (PGP) cross-link (Enghild, J. J., Salvesen, G., Hefta, S. A., Thogersen, I.	Carbohydrates	93-105	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	136-171
25175058-8	2015	This MS strategy for linkage determination of carbohydrates aided by a "B2 library" was developed with a scope for expansion, providing an improved tool for glycomics.	Carbohydrates	46-59	immunoglobulin kappa variable 5-2	Homo sapiens	71-74
24896238-5	2014	Thus, some studies have been performed to analyse the nutritional regulation of the GK enzyme in humans and rodents (having high levels of dietary carbohydrates in their diets), in the chicken (moderate level of carbohydrates in its diet) and rainbow trout (no carbohydrate intake in its diet).	Carbohydrates	212-225	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	84-86
24896238-5	2014	Thus, some studies have been performed to analyse the nutritional regulation of the GK enzyme in humans and rodents (having high levels of dietary carbohydrates in their diets), in the chicken (moderate level of carbohydrates in its diet) and rainbow trout (no carbohydrate intake in its diet).	Carbohydrates	147-159	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	84-86
24896238-6	2014	All these data illustrate the nutritional importance of the GK enzyme irrespective of feeding habits, even in animals known to poorly use dietary carbohydrates (carnivorous species).	Carbohydrates	146-159	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	60-62
24671822-1	2014	This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) in male patients for predicting gastrointestinal malignant diseases.	Carbohydrates	55-67	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	81-86
26356162-0	2015	[An assessment of cerebrolysin effect on BDNF level in patients with post stroke aphasia depending on carbohydrate metabolism disorders].	Carbohydrates	102-114	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	41-45
26356162-1	2015	AIM: We carried out an open randomized controlled study to explore the changes in the rate of speech recovery and BDNF concentrations in patients with left-hemisphere stroke and carbohydrate metabolism disorders (diabetes mellitus type2 or prediabetes) who received cerebrolysin.	Carbohydrates	178-190	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	114-118
7543108-4	1995	The proteins are composed of two or three polypeptide chains assembled by a newly identified carbohydrate mediated covalent inter-chain "Protein-Glycosaminoglycan-Protein" (PGP) cross-link (Enghild, J. J., Salvesen, G., Hefta, S. A., Thogersen, I.	Carbohydrates	93-105	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	173-176
7543108-11	1995	Moreover, the mechanism responsible for the formation of the PGP cross-link is divided in two steps involving a proteolytic cleavage followed by carbohydrate attachment.	Carbohydrates	145-157	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	61-64
24692429-4	2014	Knockdown of the sulfur dioxygenase impaired embryo development and produced phenotypes of starvation-induced chlorosis during short-day growth conditions and extended darkness, indicating that ETHE1 has a key function in situations of high protein turnover, such as seed production and the use of amino acids as alternative respiratory substrates during carbohydrate starvation.	Carbohydrates	355-367	glyoxalase II 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	194-199
24705017-7	2014	Follow-up multi-species bioinformatic analyses suggested that a gene network centered on CISD2, PPT1 and CLN3 might impact disease through altered carbohydrate metabolism, protein folding and endopeptidase activity.	Carbohydrates	147-159	CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2	Homo sapiens	89-94
8531842-3	1995	I propose that insulin, acting centrally as a signal of carbohydrate availability, promotes TRH secretion by inhibiting release of neuropeptide Y in the paraventricular nucleus.	Carbohydrates	56-68	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	131-145
24705017-7	2014	Follow-up multi-species bioinformatic analyses suggested that a gene network centered on CISD2, PPT1 and CLN3 might impact disease through altered carbohydrate metabolism, protein folding and endopeptidase activity.	Carbohydrates	147-159	CLN3 lysosomal/endosomal transmembrane protein, battenin	Homo sapiens	105-109
25239830-1	2014	Alpha 1, 2-fucosyltransferase (FUT 1/2) is a rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of Lewis y, a cell membrane-associated carbohydrate antigen.	Carbohydrates	134-146	protein O-fucosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	31-38
24587189-0	2014	CB1 blockade potentiates down-regulation of lipogenic gene expression in perirenal adipose tissue in high carbohydrate diet-induced obesity.	Carbohydrates	106-118	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
8527930-9	1995	N-glycosidase treatment indicates that each PEDF molecule has a 5% carbohydrate content attached to internal asparagine residue(s).	Carbohydrates	67-79	LOC100337325	Bos taurus	44-48
25187297-1	2014	ABO blood group antigens are complex carbohydrate molecules expressed on red blood cells and a variety of tissues.	Carbohydrates	37-49	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-15
7624364-2	1995	It has been suggested that this large anionic carbohydrate modulates the adhesive property of N-CAM, but the precise function of polysialic acid is not known.	Carbohydrates	46-58	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	94-99
25280408-0	2014	Carbohydrate and glutamine supplementation modulates the Th1/Th2 balance after exercise performed at a simulated altitude of 4500 m. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of carbohydrate or glutamine supplementation, or a combination of the two, on the immune system and inflammatory parameters after exercise in simulated hypoxic conditions at 4500 m. METHODS: Nine men underwent three sessions of exercise at 70% VO2peak until exhaustion as follows: 1) hypoxia with a placebo; 2) hypoxia with 8% maltodextrin (200 mL/20 min) during exercise and for 2 h after; and 3) hypoxia after 6 d of glutamine supplementation (20 g/d) and supplementation with 8% maltodextrin (200 mL/20 min) during exercise and for 2 h after.	Carbohydrates	0-12	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	57-60
25280408-11	2014	CONCLUSION: Carbohydrate or glutamine supplementation shifts the T helper (Th)1/Th2 balance toward Th1 responses after exercise at a simulated altitude of 4500 m. The nutritional strategies increased in IL-6, suggesting an important anti-inflammatory effect.	Carbohydrates	12-24	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	99-102
25482779-1	2014	ETHYLMALONIC ENCEPHALOPATHY PROTEIN1 (ETHE1), encoding sulfur dioxygenase activity is believed to be an important candidate in sulfur metabolism, where it is involved in amino acid catabolism during carbohydrate starvation and embryo development as seen in Arabidopsis thaliana.	Carbohydrates	199-211	glyoxalase II 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-36
25482779-1	2014	ETHYLMALONIC ENCEPHALOPATHY PROTEIN1 (ETHE1), encoding sulfur dioxygenase activity is believed to be an important candidate in sulfur metabolism, where it is involved in amino acid catabolism during carbohydrate starvation and embryo development as seen in Arabidopsis thaliana.	Carbohydrates	199-211	glyoxalase II 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	38-43
7577818-4	1995	After energy minimization, the two terminal saccharide residues of Gb3 (Gal alpha and Gal beta) showed favourable interactions with the toxin.	Carbohydrates	44-54	alpha 1,4-galactosyltransferase (P blood group)	Homo sapiens	67-70
24312470-0	2013	Retro-inverso carbohydrate mimetic peptides with annexin1-binding selectivity, are stable in vivo, and target tumor vasculature.	Carbohydrates	14-26	annexin A1	Homo sapiens	49-57
24312470-1	2013	Previous research suggests that carbohydrate mimetic peptide IF7 (IFLLWQR) has an excellent targeting property to annexin1 (Anxa1), a specific marker on the tumor endothelium.	Carbohydrates	32-44	annexin A1	Homo sapiens	114-122
24312470-1	2013	Previous research suggests that carbohydrate mimetic peptide IF7 (IFLLWQR) has an excellent targeting property to annexin1 (Anxa1), a specific marker on the tumor endothelium.	Carbohydrates	32-44	annexin A1	Homo sapiens	124-129
25053712-3	2014	Glycation is the nonenzymatic glycosylation of carbohydrates to macromolecules, which produces reactive metabolites called advanced glycation end products (AGE).	Carbohydrates	47-60	advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor	Homo sapiens	156-159
7662805-0	1995	[Glycoproteins from Drosophila melanogaster cell culture contains O-bound carbohydrate chains of the Gal(beta1-3)GalNAc type].	Carbohydrates	74-86	myospheroid	Drosophila melanogaster	105-112
24970741-2	2014	The founding member OAA and a designed hybrid OAAH (OPA) recognize similar but unique carbohydrate structures of Man-9, compared with other antiviral carbohydrate-binding agents (CBAs).	Carbohydrates	86-98	mannosidase alpha class 1A member 1	Homo sapiens	113-118
24970741-2	2014	The founding member OAA and a designed hybrid OAAH (OPA) recognize similar but unique carbohydrate structures of Man-9, compared with other antiviral carbohydrate-binding agents (CBAs).	Carbohydrates	150-162	mannosidase alpha class 1A member 1	Homo sapiens	113-118
23994167-10	2013	The results suggest that 3HBD is an NADPH-preferring reductase, and plays roles in the metabolisms of steroids, prostaglandin D2, carbohydrates and xenobiotics, as well as a defense system, protecting against reactive carbonyl compounds.	Carbohydrates	130-143	prostaglandin-E(2) 9-reductase-like	Oryctolagus cuniculus	25-29
24137131-6	2013	Studies involving loss-of-function dilp mutations have defined the roles of DILP2 and DILP6 in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, respectively.	Carbohydrates	95-107	Insulin-like peptide 7	Drosophila melanogaster	35-39
7537760-1	1995	The hierarchy of diet components (e.g., protein, carbohydrate, vitamins, and minerals) influencing growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and their binding proteins (BP) is not well defined.	Carbohydrates	49-61	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	150-155
24054643-6	2013	An oxime peak identifier (OPI) of the carbohydrate analytes, based on the combination of an internal standard and the corresponding syn/anti peak ratios, increased the reliability of the identification of reducing carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	38-50	synemin	Homo sapiens	132-135
24054643-6	2013	An oxime peak identifier (OPI) of the carbohydrate analytes, based on the combination of an internal standard and the corresponding syn/anti peak ratios, increased the reliability of the identification of reducing carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	214-227	synemin	Homo sapiens	132-135
25220459-4	2014	ATPsyn-d knockdown extended lifespan in females fed low carbohydrate-to-protein (C:P) diets but not the high C:P ratio diet.	Carbohydrates	56-68	ATP synthase, subunit D	Drosophila melanogaster	0-8
7545761-6	1995	By contrast, quaking MAG contained less of the adhesion-related, HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope.	Carbohydrates	71-83	quaking, KH domain containing RNA binding	Mus musculus	13-20
23452177-7	2013	Examination of diurnal metabolite changes in adg1-1 and sex1 mutants indicates that their altered juvenile phase length may be due to lack of starch turnover, which influences carbohydrate availability.	Carbohydrates	176-188	ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	45-51
7739539-3	1995	The ADD1/SREBP1 consensus E-box site is similar to a regulatory sequence designated the carbohydrate response element, defined by its ability to regulate transcription in response to carbohydrate in genes involved in fatty acid and triglyceride metabolism in liver and fat.	Carbohydrates	88-100	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	9-15
7739539-3	1995	The ADD1/SREBP1 consensus E-box site is similar to a regulatory sequence designated the carbohydrate response element, defined by its ability to regulate transcription in response to carbohydrate in genes involved in fatty acid and triglyceride metabolism in liver and fat.	Carbohydrates	183-195	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	9-15
7739539-4	1995	When expressed in fibroblasts, ADD1/SREBP1 activates transcription through both the carbohydrate response E-box element and SRE-1.	Carbohydrates	84-96	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	36-42
24019487-6	2013	The distribution of dEPS was strongly correlated to algal biomass, with the highest concentrations of both dEPS and non-EPS carbohydrates in the bottom horizons of the ice.	Carbohydrates	124-137	14-3-3epsilon	Drosophila melanogaster	20-24
24019487-6	2013	The distribution of dEPS was strongly correlated to algal biomass, with the highest concentrations of both dEPS and non-EPS carbohydrates in the bottom horizons of the ice.	Carbohydrates	124-137	14-3-3epsilon	Drosophila melanogaster	21-24
7536194-2	1995	E-selectin is a member of the selectin family of proteins that recognize carbohydrate ligands in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	73-85	selectin E	Homo sapiens	0-10
24034227-11	2013	Carbohydrate consumption attenuated the mRNA response in UCP3 (P &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	0-12	uncoupling protein 3	Homo sapiens	57-61
24034227-12	2013	CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that the provision of exogenous carbohydrate attenuates the stimulation of mRNA expression of UCP3 following exercise in the heat.	Carbohydrates	66-78	uncoupling protein 3	Homo sapiens	128-132
7744038-3	1995	The purification procedure yielded two forms of aminopeptidase P differing in their carbohydrate composition (glycoforms).	Carbohydrates	84-96	X-prolyl aminopeptidase 2	Sus scrofa	48-64
23779109-6	2013	Additionally, noncatalytic domains of ADAM17 affected the size/shape of the carbohydrate-binding pocket contained within the catalytic domain of ADAM17.	Carbohydrates	76-88	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17	Homo sapiens	38-44
23779109-6	2013	Additionally, noncatalytic domains of ADAM17 affected the size/shape of the carbohydrate-binding pocket contained within the catalytic domain of ADAM17.	Carbohydrates	76-88	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17	Homo sapiens	145-151
23657851-0	2013	Galectin-3 mediates oligomerization of secreted hensin using its carbohydrate-recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	65-77	deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 protein	Oryctolagus cuniculus	48-54
7613472-0	1995	Carbohydrate binding sites in a pancreatic alpha-amylase-substrate complex, derived from X-ray structure analysis at 2.1 A resolution.	Carbohydrates	0-12	amylase, alpha 2A (pancreatic)	Sus scrofa	32-56
23657851-7	2013	Galectin-3 interacted with hensin in vitro via its carbohydrate-binding COOH-terminal domain, and the interaction was competitively inhibited by lactose, removal of the COOH-terminal domain of galectin-3, and deglycosylation of hensin.	Carbohydrates	51-63	deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 protein	Oryctolagus cuniculus	27-33
7883112-2	1995	The concentration of C/EBP beta mRNA in the liver of mice and rats fed a high-carbohydrate diet, which causes a rise in blood insulin levels, was lower (80 and 65%, respectively) than that detected in animals fed a standard diet.	Carbohydrates	78-90	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), beta	Mus musculus	21-31
23816341-1	2013	The aim of this study was to evaluate whether rosuvastatin (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor) modulates the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and the increase in body mass in a model of diet-induced obesity.	Carbohydrates	103-115	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A reductase	Mus musculus	60-77
23692402-1	2013	Blood-group antigens, such as those containing fucose and bearing the ABO(H)- and Lewis-type determinants expressed on the carbohydrate chains of glycoproteins and glycolipids, and also on unconjugated free oligosaccharides in human milk and other secretions, are associated with various biological functions.	Carbohydrates	123-135	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	70-73
7883112-6	1995	In addition, a decrease in C/EBP beta protein was observed in liver nuclei from mice after insulin injections, in mice fed a high-carbohydrate diet, and in transgenic mice expressing the insulin gene in the liver.	Carbohydrates	130-142	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), beta	Mus musculus	27-37
7854457-2	1995	Presence of the large anionic carbohydrate modulates NCAM binding properties and, by increasing the intercellular space, influences interactions between other cell surface molecules.	Carbohydrates	30-42	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	53-57
23274132-7	2013	The B12-IF complex was a dimer, contained 13% carbohydrate and showed a different absorption spectrum than B12.	Carbohydrates	46-58	cobalamin binding intrinsic factor	Rattus norvegicus	8-10
7873573-1	1995	We have previously demonstrated that intake of fat as well as carbohydrate affects the activity and immunoreactive amount of sucrase-isomaltase (S-I) in rat jejunum.	Carbohydrates	62-74	sucrase-isomaltase	Rattus norvegicus	125-143
7873573-1	1995	We have previously demonstrated that intake of fat as well as carbohydrate affects the activity and immunoreactive amount of sucrase-isomaltase (S-I) in rat jejunum.	Carbohydrates	62-74	sucrase-isomaltase	Rattus norvegicus	145-148
23702013-1	2013	OBJECTIVES: This study sought to predict the value of tumor marker carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) before and after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) for all-cause death and a composite endpoint of death, admission for heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke (major adverse cardiac events [MACE]).	Carbohydrates	67-79	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	93-98
7873573-3	1995	Northern blot analysis revealed that S-I mRNA levels were abundant in the jejunum of rats fed the high-MCT diet; the levels were similar to those in the rats fed the high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	171-183	sucrase-isomaltase	Rattus norvegicus	37-40
7873573-6	1995	These results suggest that not only carbohydrate intake but also MCT intake might influence S-I mRNA and SGLT1 mRNA levels in the jejunum, presumably through common metabolite(s) of carbohydrates and MCT, and that carbohydrate may play another role in enhancement of the sucrase activity through modulation of translation and/or posttranslational modifications of the sucrase-isomaltase complex.	Carbohydrates	36-48	sucrase-isomaltase	Rattus norvegicus	92-95
7873573-6	1995	These results suggest that not only carbohydrate intake but also MCT intake might influence S-I mRNA and SGLT1 mRNA levels in the jejunum, presumably through common metabolite(s) of carbohydrates and MCT, and that carbohydrate may play another role in enhancement of the sucrase activity through modulation of translation and/or posttranslational modifications of the sucrase-isomaltase complex.	Carbohydrates	36-48	sucrase-isomaltase	Rattus norvegicus	368-386
7873573-6	1995	These results suggest that not only carbohydrate intake but also MCT intake might influence S-I mRNA and SGLT1 mRNA levels in the jejunum, presumably through common metabolite(s) of carbohydrates and MCT, and that carbohydrate may play another role in enhancement of the sucrase activity through modulation of translation and/or posttranslational modifications of the sucrase-isomaltase complex.	Carbohydrates	182-195	sucrase-isomaltase	Rattus norvegicus	92-95
7829269-6	1995	Most importantly, the LL2 VK carbohydrate moiety might be used as a novel conjugation site for drugs and radionuclides without compromising the immunoreactivity of the antibody.	Carbohydrates	29-41	peroxiredoxin 2, pseudogene 1	Mus musculus	22-25
7587637-2	1995	The fact that both children exhibited the rare Bombay blood group and were Lewis negative, each involving carbohydrates with different fucose linkages, suggested a possible defect in the fucose-containing ligand for E- and P-selectin, sialyl Lewis X (SLe(x)).	Carbohydrates	106-119	selectin P	Homo sapiens	223-233
7536836-4	1995	Both free PSA and PSA-ACT molecules were also found to be retained by the Con A Sepharose column because of the carbohydrate moiety of the PSA molecule.	Carbohydrates	112-124	aminopeptidase puromycin sensitive	Homo sapiens	10-13
7536836-4	1995	Both free PSA and PSA-ACT molecules were also found to be retained by the Con A Sepharose column because of the carbohydrate moiety of the PSA molecule.	Carbohydrates	112-124	aminopeptidase puromycin sensitive	Homo sapiens	18-21
7536836-4	1995	Both free PSA and PSA-ACT molecules were also found to be retained by the Con A Sepharose column because of the carbohydrate moiety of the PSA molecule.	Carbohydrates	112-124	aminopeptidase puromycin sensitive	Homo sapiens	18-21
7544230-12	1995	Deglycosylation of IFNAR in Daudi cell membranes results in a 70 kD IFNAR species, indicating that nearly half of the apparent molecular mass of Daudi cell IFNAR is contributed by carbohydrate moieties.	Carbohydrates	180-192	interferon alpha and beta receptor subunit 1	Homo sapiens	19-24
7824892-0	1995	Monocyte activation by tumour cells: a role for carbohydrate structures associated with CD2.	Carbohydrates	48-60	CD2 molecule	Homo sapiens	88-91
7824892-3	1995	Previous work in our laboratory suggested that carbohydrate moieties associated with the T cell adhesion molecule CD2 of Jurkat cells induce TNF-alpha secretion by human monocytes.	Carbohydrates	47-59	CD2 molecule	Homo sapiens	114-117
7824892-4	1995	In this study we present data indicating that the stimulatory capacity for TNF-alpha secretion is confined to carbohydrate moieties of tumour cell CD2.	Carbohydrates	110-122	CD2 molecule	Homo sapiens	147-150
7535096-7	1994	Kinetic analysis of MRC OX22 antibody binding to spleen CD45 and to GST fusion proteins showed that the carbohydrate affected the kinetics of binding of antibodies to the protein backbone.	Carbohydrates	104-116	protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, C	Rattus norvegicus	56-60
7525987-5	1994	Treatment of recombinant gp120 HIVIIIB with sodium metaperiodate, which oxidizes carbohydrates, abolished the binding of the MAb, showing the dependence of the epitope on intact carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	81-94	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	25-30
7525987-5	1994	Treatment of recombinant gp120 HIVIIIB with sodium metaperiodate, which oxidizes carbohydrates, abolished the binding of the MAb, showing the dependence of the epitope on intact carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	178-191	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	25-30
25150690-0	2014	High carbohydrate diet and physical inactivity associated with central obesity among premenopausal housewives in Sri Lanka.	Carbohydrates	5-17	sorcin	Homo sapiens	113-116
7773775-0	1994	Crosslinking of mammalian lectin (galectin-1) by complex biantennary saccharides.	Carbohydrates	69-80	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	34-44
25150690-2	2014	This study aimed to assess the association between high carbohydrate diet, physical inactivity and central obesity among premenopausal housewives in Sri Lanka.	Carbohydrates	56-68	sorcin	Homo sapiens	149-152
24893201-0	2014	Functional relationship between oxytocin and appetite for carbohydrates versus saccharin.	Carbohydrates	58-71	oxytocin	Mus musculus	32-40
24893201-9	2014	We conclude that OT inhibits appetite for carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	42-55	oxytocin	Mus musculus	17-19
7524735-4	1994	We observed specific L-selectin-mediated adherence of lymphocytes to KG1a: the binding was calcium-dependent, was strictly inhibited by anti-L-selectin antibodies and by carbohydrate ligands of L-selectin, and was abrogated by induction of L-selectin shedding from the lymphocyte membrane by treatment with phorbol esters.	Carbohydrates	170-182	selectin L	Homo sapiens	21-31
7757427-0	1994	Carbohydrate structures of recombinant soluble lamp-1 and leukosialin containing sialyl Le(x) terminus.	Carbohydrates	0-12	lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1	Cricetulus griseus	47-53
25036629-4	2014	Gut microbes did not induce CRC in these mice through an inflammatory response or the production of DNA mutagens but rather by providing carbohydrate-derived metabolites such as butyrate that fuel hyperproliferation of MSH2(-/-) colon epithelial cells.	Carbohydrates	137-149	mutS homolog 2	Mus musculus	219-223
7896748-3	1994	Porcine ATIII was found to consist of 431 amino acid residues, with a calculated molecular weight of 48,930 without carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	116-128	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	8-13
24845565-6	2014	LAMP1 has been shown to bind to Extracellular Matrix (ECM), Basement Membrane (BM) components and also to galectin-3 (via carbohydrates) which is known to get incorporated into the ECM and BM.	Carbohydrates	122-135	lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1	Mus musculus	0-5
24753209-0	2014	A nondigestible saccharide, fructooligosaccharide, increases the promotive effect of a flavonoid, alpha-glucosyl-isoquercitrin, on glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion in rat intestine and enteroendocrine cells.	Carbohydrates	16-26	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	131-154
24753209-0	2014	A nondigestible saccharide, fructooligosaccharide, increases the promotive effect of a flavonoid, alpha-glucosyl-isoquercitrin, on glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion in rat intestine and enteroendocrine cells.	Carbohydrates	16-26	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	156-161
7896748-6	1994	The most notable feature of porcine ATIII was that it possesses only three carbohydrate chains, at Asn136, 156, and 193, whereas other mammalian ATIIIs have four, additional chain being at Asn97; this is replaced by Asp in porcine ATIII.	Carbohydrates	75-87	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	36-41
7919388-7	1994	These data suggest that the association of the 65-kD gp91-phox precursor with p22-phox is a prerequisite for processing of the carbohydrate side chains to the complex form in the Golgi.	Carbohydrates	127-139	calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1	Homo sapiens	78-81
24940495-6	2014	The pooled sensitivities and respective 95% CIs for HE4 and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) were 0.74 (0.72-0.76) and 0.74 (0.72-0.76), respectively.	Carbohydrates	60-72	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	86-91
7980424-12	1994	This enzyme removes polylactosaminoglycan groups from glycoproteins, and therefore indicates that the carbohydrate structure of bovine Lamp-1 is probably different from that of other Lamp-1 proteins.	Carbohydrates	102-114	lysosomal associated membrane protein 1	Bos taurus	135-141
24764305-5	2014	Proteomic analysis followed by co-immunoprecipitation verification found that both proteins associated with the ER calcium uptake pump SERCA2B, and TMTC2 also bound to the carbohydrate-binding chaperone calnexin.	Carbohydrates	172-184	transmembrane O-mannosyltransferase targeting cadherins 2	Homo sapiens	148-153
7535135-0	1994	Further evidence by site-directed mutagenesis that conserved hydrophilic residues form a carbohydrate-binding site of human galectin-1.	Carbohydrates	89-101	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	124-134
7535137-2	1994	The unique properties of L-929 PNGase are that the enzyme had a high affinity to the substrate glycopeptide (e.g. Km = 114 microM for fetuin derived glycopentapeptide) and that the PNGase-catalysed reaction is strongly inhibited by the released free oligosaccharides but not by the free peptides formed, suggesting that L-929 PNGase is able to bind to a certain type of carbohydrate chain.	Carbohydrates	370-382	N-glycanase 1	Homo sapiens	31-37
24105491-7	2014	Subjects carriers of MC4R mutation reported a higher proportion of dietary carbohydrates intakes (43.2+-7.1 and 39.2+-8.1% of total energy intake, respectively, P=0.048) and a lower proportion of dietary lipids (34.3+-6.7 and 38.5+-6.7% of total energy intake, respectively, P=0.018).	Carbohydrates	75-88	melanocortin 4 receptor	Homo sapiens	21-25
7535137-2	1994	The unique properties of L-929 PNGase are that the enzyme had a high affinity to the substrate glycopeptide (e.g. Km = 114 microM for fetuin derived glycopentapeptide) and that the PNGase-catalysed reaction is strongly inhibited by the released free oligosaccharides but not by the free peptides formed, suggesting that L-929 PNGase is able to bind to a certain type of carbohydrate chain.	Carbohydrates	370-382	N-glycanase 1	Homo sapiens	181-187
7535137-2	1994	The unique properties of L-929 PNGase are that the enzyme had a high affinity to the substrate glycopeptide (e.g. Km = 114 microM for fetuin derived glycopentapeptide) and that the PNGase-catalysed reaction is strongly inhibited by the released free oligosaccharides but not by the free peptides formed, suggesting that L-929 PNGase is able to bind to a certain type of carbohydrate chain.	Carbohydrates	370-382	N-glycanase 1	Homo sapiens	181-187
7521876-1	1994	We previously reported that activated platelets stimulated neutrophils and monocytes to produce superoxide anion (O2-) through the interaction between P-selectin and its carbohydrate ligand, sialyl Lewis X (sLeX) (Nagata, K., Tsuji, T., Todoroki, N., Katagiri, Y., Tanoue, K., Yamazaki, H., Hanai N., and Irimura, T. (1993) J. Immunol.	Carbohydrates	170-182	selectin P	Homo sapiens	151-161
24917928-0	2014	Changes in fetal mannose and other carbohydrates induced by a maternal insulin infusion in pregnant sheep.	Carbohydrates	35-48	LOC105613195	Ovis aries	71-78
7521876-10	1994	These results strongly suggested that serine/threonine-linked carbohydrate chains containing sLex played an essential role in the P-selectin-mediated leukocyte activation.	Carbohydrates	62-74	selectin P	Homo sapiens	130-140
23408527-7	2013	These results imply that rCRT/39-272 could be used as an ideal carrier or adjuvant for carbohydrate vaccines aimed at inducing or boosting IgG responses to fungal infections in immunodeficient hosts.	Carbohydrates	87-99	LOC105243590	Mus musculus	139-142
7517550-4	1994	The carbohydrate adopts a different conformation about the Man-Gal linkage than was observed previously in the Fab-trisaccharide complex.	Carbohydrates	4-16	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	111-114
23613350-1	2013	OBJECTIVES: To determine the levels of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) and tissue polypeptide-specific antigen (TPS) in saliva of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and patients with nonneoplastic disease of the oral cavity, and to investigate their diagnostic value and their relationship with pathological grade and clinical stage.	Carbohydrates	39-51	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	65-70
24558100-2	2014	Salivary and pancreatic alpha-amylases (coded by AMY1 and AMY2 genes, respectively) play a crucial role in carbohydrate digestion in nonruminants, but little is known about these 2 genes in the horse.	Carbohydrates	107-119	pancreatic alpha-amylase	Equus caballus	58-62
7516406-10	1994	Wild-type Daudi cells, but not the CD19/CD77-deficient mutants, bind to matrices expressing the carbohydrate moiety of CD77 or other Gal alpha 1-4Gal containing glycolipids.	Carbohydrates	96-108	alpha 1,4-galactosyltransferase (P blood group)	Homo sapiens	119-123
24718641-5	2014	In adult mice fed for three mo a normal Ca2+ diet, renal expression of CYP27B1 and of CYP24A1 (24-hydroxylase) decreased and increased, respectively, when the carbohydrate source was fructose instead of glucose or starch.	Carbohydrates	159-171	cytochrome P450, family 24, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	86-93
23697274-1	2013	Metabolic syndrome (MeS) is defined by a cluster of abnormalities comprising obesity, hypertension, carbohydrate intolerance and dyslipidemia.	Carbohydrates	100-112	MKS transition zone complex subunit 1	Homo sapiens	20-23
24363202-4	2014	Functional categorization and data-dependent network analysis of the native HCC-specific 14-3-3epsilon interactome revealed that 14-3-3epsilon is involved in the regulation of multiple biological processes (BPs)/pathways, including cell cycle control, apoptosis, signal transduction, transport, cell adhesion, carbohydrate metabolism, and nucleic acid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	310-322	tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein epsilon	Homo sapiens	89-102
8026463-3	1994	Two very polar [3H]mannose-labeled glycolipids named CP1 and CP2 qualified as GPI precursor lipids since their carbohydrate head group, Man alpha 1,2(X--&gt;PO4--&gt;6)Man alpha 1,2Man alpha 1,6Man alpha-GlcN-inositol (with X most likely being ethanolamine) comprises the core structure which is common to all GPI anchors described so far.	Carbohydrates	111-123	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	61-64
24363202-4	2014	Functional categorization and data-dependent network analysis of the native HCC-specific 14-3-3epsilon interactome revealed that 14-3-3epsilon is involved in the regulation of multiple biological processes (BPs)/pathways, including cell cycle control, apoptosis, signal transduction, transport, cell adhesion, carbohydrate metabolism, and nucleic acid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	310-322	tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein epsilon	Homo sapiens	129-142
24944674-7	2014	BRCA1 methylation was significantly associated with the preoperative serum carbohydrate antigen-125 level (P=0.013), improved overall survival (P=0.005) and disease-free survival (P=0.007).	Carbohydrates	75-87	BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	0-5
23379513-2	2013	Overexpressing LARGE (formerly known as like-glycosyltransferase) generates an extracellular matrix-binding carbohydrate epitope in cells with CMD-causing mutations in not only LARGE but also other glycosyltransferases, including POMT1, POMGnT1, and fukutin, creating the possibilities of a one-for-all gene therapy.	Carbohydrates	108-120	protein-O-mannosyltransferase 1	Mus musculus	230-235
23379513-2	2013	Overexpressing LARGE (formerly known as like-glycosyltransferase) generates an extracellular matrix-binding carbohydrate epitope in cells with CMD-causing mutations in not only LARGE but also other glycosyltransferases, including POMT1, POMGnT1, and fukutin, creating the possibilities of a one-for-all gene therapy.	Carbohydrates	108-120	protein O-linked mannose beta 1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase	Mus musculus	237-244
23221600-1	2013	Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1) plays a pivotal role in an increase of triglyceride by an excess of dietary carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	110-122	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	0-25
23221600-1	2013	Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1) plays a pivotal role in an increase of triglyceride by an excess of dietary carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	110-122	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	27-32
23221600-2	2013	Dietary carbohydrates increase SCD-1 gene expression in liver by sterol response element binding protein (SREBP)-1c-dependent and SREBP-1c -independent pathways.	Carbohydrates	8-21	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	31-36
23399413-6	2013	The presence of distinct carbohydrates structures dependent upon the combined polymorphism at the FUT2, FUT3 and ABO loci influences susceptibility to NoV infection.	Carbohydrates	25-38	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	113-116
8073498-0	1994	Evidence for carbohydrate-mediated interactions between the neural-cell-adhesion molecules NCAM and L1.	Carbohydrates	13-25	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	91-95
23472115-3	2013	Under these conditions genes coding for adaptation to stress are up regulated (sufE and ssrA) and simultaneously genes coding for membrane transporters (ompC, exbB, actP, mgtA, cysW and nikB) and carbohydrate catabolic processes (ldcC, ptsA, rhaD and rhaS) are down regulated.	Carbohydrates	196-208	Ton complex subunit ExbB	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655	159-163
24737468-0	2014	Association of neural tube defects in children of mothers with MTHFR 677TT genotype and abnormal carbohydrate metabolism risk: a case-control study.	Carbohydrates	97-109	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	63-68
7514036-2	1994	The present study demonstrates that the dimeric 14-kDa calf spleen lectin forms homogeneous aggregated cross-linked complexes with asialofetuin, a glycoprotein with multiple carbohydrate chains possessing terminal galactose residues, in the presence of other lectins with similar specificities and cross-linking activities.	Carbohydrates	174-186	alpha 2-HS glycoprotein	Bos taurus	131-143
24737468-5	2014	Analysis of genotypes for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677CT polymorphism in women with or without risk factors for abnormal carbohydrate metabolism revealed that mothers who were homozygous for the MTHFR 677TT polymorphism and at risk of abnormal carbohydrate metabolism were more likely to have offspring with spina bifida and high levels of homocysteine, compared to the control group.	Carbohydrates	144-156	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	30-65
24737468-5	2014	Analysis of genotypes for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677CT polymorphism in women with or without risk factors for abnormal carbohydrate metabolism revealed that mothers who were homozygous for the MTHFR 677TT polymorphism and at risk of abnormal carbohydrate metabolism were more likely to have offspring with spina bifida and high levels of homocysteine, compared to the control group.	Carbohydrates	144-156	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	67-72
24737468-5	2014	Analysis of genotypes for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677CT polymorphism in women with or without risk factors for abnormal carbohydrate metabolism revealed that mothers who were homozygous for the MTHFR 677TT polymorphism and at risk of abnormal carbohydrate metabolism were more likely to have offspring with spina bifida and high levels of homocysteine, compared to the control group.	Carbohydrates	267-279	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	30-65
24737468-5	2014	Analysis of genotypes for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677CT polymorphism in women with or without risk factors for abnormal carbohydrate metabolism revealed that mothers who were homozygous for the MTHFR 677TT polymorphism and at risk of abnormal carbohydrate metabolism were more likely to have offspring with spina bifida and high levels of homocysteine, compared to the control group.	Carbohydrates	267-279	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	67-72
24737468-5	2014	Analysis of genotypes for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677CT polymorphism in women with or without risk factors for abnormal carbohydrate metabolism revealed that mothers who were homozygous for the MTHFR 677TT polymorphism and at risk of abnormal carbohydrate metabolism were more likely to have offspring with spina bifida and high levels of homocysteine, compared to the control group.	Carbohydrates	267-279	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	218-223
24737468-6	2014	The increased incidence of NTDs in mothers homozygous for the MTHFR 677TT polymorphism and at risk of abnormal carbohydrate metabolism stresses the need for careful metabolic screening in pregnant women, and, if necessary, determination of the MTHFR 677CT genotype in those mothers at risk of developing abnormal carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	111-123	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	62-67
24737468-6	2014	The increased incidence of NTDs in mothers homozygous for the MTHFR 677TT polymorphism and at risk of abnormal carbohydrate metabolism stresses the need for careful metabolic screening in pregnant women, and, if necessary, determination of the MTHFR 677CT genotype in those mothers at risk of developing abnormal carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	313-325	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	62-67
22995741-6	2012	Differences in M(r) on SDS PAGE and mass spectrometric analysis between rhC1INH and pd-hC1INH are explained by differential glycosylation (calculated carbohydrate contents of 21% and 28%, respectively), since protein sequencing analysis of rhC1INH revealed intact N- and C-termini.	Carbohydrates	150-162	serpin family G member 1	Homo sapiens	73-79
7513201-1	1994	Carbohydrate moieties on leukocytes adhere to activated platelets via P-selectin under static binding condition studies.	Carbohydrates	0-12	selectin P	Homo sapiens	70-80
23269826-6	2012	Addition of an excess of the carbohydrate binding subunits of Stx2 (StxB) and/or ricin (ricin B) blocks Stx2 cytotoxicity.	Carbohydrates	29-41	syntaxin 2	Homo sapiens	62-66
7519184-3	1994	Exposure of the carbohydrate and protein epitopes was enhanced by chondroitinase and trypsin pretreatment respectively.	Carbohydrates	16-28	galactosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfatase	Homo sapiens	66-80
23269826-6	2012	Addition of an excess of the carbohydrate binding subunits of Stx2 (StxB) and/or ricin (ricin B) blocks Stx2 cytotoxicity.	Carbohydrates	29-41	syntaxin 2	Homo sapiens	104-108
24097333-0	2014	Lanthanide-IMAC enrichment of carbohydrates and polyols.	Carbohydrates	30-43	C-C motif chemokine ligand 26	Homo sapiens	11-15
7534197-3	1994	Tethering under shear to E-selectin requires a carbohydrate ligand that is closely associated with the lectin domain of L-selectin on the neutrophil surface, as enzymatic removal of L-selectin, chemotactic factor-induced shedding of L-selectin, and L-selectin MAbs effectively block tethering.	Carbohydrates	47-59	selectin E	Homo sapiens	25-35
23965798-5	2014	The concentration dependency on GLP-1 increment was also confirmed based on the experiment in which the endogenous active GLP-1 levels were measured after an oral carbohydrate load.	Carbohydrates	163-175	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	32-37
22563866-11	2012	Regression model analysis adjusted by age, sex, puberty, BMI, PLT and HOMA-IR showed that BDNF increased in subjects who lost weight (P = 0 036), practiced sports (P = 0 008) and had an adequate carbohydrate intake (P = 0 032).	Carbohydrates	195-207	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	90-94
22008510-5	2012	A mixture of recombinant ZP3 (rZP3) and rZP4 displayed sperm-binding activity toward bovine sperm but not porcine sperm, probably due to differences in carbohydrate structure between the native and recombinant ZP glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	152-164	zona pellucida glycoprotein 3	Rattus norvegicus	30-34
22008510-5	2012	A mixture of recombinant ZP3 (rZP3) and rZP4 displayed sperm-binding activity toward bovine sperm but not porcine sperm, probably due to differences in carbohydrate structure between the native and recombinant ZP glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	152-164	zona pellucida glycoprotein 4	Rattus norvegicus	40-44
22008510-10	2012	These results indicated that nZP4, but not rZP4, is necessary for binding activity of porcine ZP3/ZP4 complex towards porcine sperm and further suggested that the carbohydrate structures of ZP4 in the porcine ZP3/ZP4 complex are responsible for porcine sperm-binding activity of the complex.	Carbohydrates	163-175	zona pellucida glycoprotein 3	Rattus norvegicus	94-97
22008510-10	2012	These results indicated that nZP4, but not rZP4, is necessary for binding activity of porcine ZP3/ZP4 complex towards porcine sperm and further suggested that the carbohydrate structures of ZP4 in the porcine ZP3/ZP4 complex are responsible for porcine sperm-binding activity of the complex.	Carbohydrates	163-175	zona pellucida glycoprotein 4	Rattus norvegicus	30-33
7534197-3	1994	Tethering under shear to E-selectin requires a carbohydrate ligand that is closely associated with the lectin domain of L-selectin on the neutrophil surface, as enzymatic removal of L-selectin, chemotactic factor-induced shedding of L-selectin, and L-selectin MAbs effectively block tethering.	Carbohydrates	47-59	selectin L	Homo sapiens	120-130
7534197-3	1994	Tethering under shear to E-selectin requires a carbohydrate ligand that is closely associated with the lectin domain of L-selectin on the neutrophil surface, as enzymatic removal of L-selectin, chemotactic factor-induced shedding of L-selectin, and L-selectin MAbs effectively block tethering.	Carbohydrates	47-59	selectin L	Homo sapiens	182-192
7534197-3	1994	Tethering under shear to E-selectin requires a carbohydrate ligand that is closely associated with the lectin domain of L-selectin on the neutrophil surface, as enzymatic removal of L-selectin, chemotactic factor-induced shedding of L-selectin, and L-selectin MAbs effectively block tethering.	Carbohydrates	47-59	selectin L	Homo sapiens	182-192
7534197-3	1994	Tethering under shear to E-selectin requires a carbohydrate ligand that is closely associated with the lectin domain of L-selectin on the neutrophil surface, as enzymatic removal of L-selectin, chemotactic factor-induced shedding of L-selectin, and L-selectin MAbs effectively block tethering.	Carbohydrates	47-59	selectin L	Homo sapiens	182-192
22268795-9	2012	The glucosamine and galactosamine were present in carbohydrate structures of acrosin II.	Carbohydrates	50-62	acrosin	Meleagris gallopavo	77-84
24471918-1	2014	Adiponectin plays a fundamental role in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	50-62	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Gallus gallus	0-11
8185667-0	1994	Protective effect of a recombinant fragment of bactericidal/permeability increasing protein against carbohydrate dyshomeostasis and tumor necrosis factor-alpha elevation in rat endotoxemia.	Carbohydrates	100-112	bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein	Rattus norvegicus	47-91
24247980-1	2014	We investigated the phosphorylation signatures of two Rab-GTPase activating proteins TBC1D1 and TBC1D4 in human skeletal muscle in response to physical exercise and physiological insulin levels induced by a carbohydrate rich meal using a paired experimental design.	Carbohydrates	207-219	TBC1 domain family member 1	Homo sapiens	85-91
22547138-5	2012	Experiments with single carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) of gal-4 showed that the C-CRD preferably bound to ABH glycans, whereas the N-CRD associated with oligolactosamines.	Carbohydrates	24-36	galectin 4	Homo sapiens	67-72
22547138-5	2012	Experiments with single carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) of gal-4 showed that the C-CRD preferably bound to ABH glycans, whereas the N-CRD associated with oligolactosamines.	Carbohydrates	24-36	alkB homolog 1, histone H2A dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	115-118
7511640-4	1994	Interestingly, immunostaining of normal and chimeric mice revealed that expression of B7 (the ligand for CD28) is largely restricted to a subset of medullary epithelial cells; these cells are I-E+ and co-express a specific carbohydrate bound by the lectin UEA-1.	Carbohydrates	223-235	CD28 antigen	Mus musculus	105-109
22446378-13	2012	GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: These results may provide a clue to biological regulation of Th-cell interaction with selectins and other carbohydrate-recognition molecules by T-bet and GATA-3.	Carbohydrates	128-140	GATA binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	176-182
24301613-1	2014	The novel adipokine chemerin plays a role in the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and recent reports of elevated chemerin levels in polycystic ovarian syndrome and preeclampsia have pointed to an emerging role of chemerin in reproduction.	Carbohydrates	73-85	retinoic acid receptor responder 2	Rattus norvegicus	20-28
8154046-11	1994	In conclusion, this study provides further evidence that (1) alpha Gal structures are the targets for human and baboon anti-pig antibodies, and (2) there may be a therapeutic role for the infusion of specific alpha Gal carbohydrates, or for antibody removal using alpha Gal immunoaffinity columns, in order to prevent hyperacute rejection of pig organs in man.	Carbohydrates	219-232	GLA	Sus scrofa	61-70
24870561-11	2014	These studies show the crucial role of the DYRK1A pathway in the regulation of beta cell mass and carbohydrate metabolism in vivo.	Carbohydrates	98-110	dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase 1a	Mus musculus	43-49
22511785-5	2012	We report that Sp-D binds to the membrane-proximal Ig domain (D3) of SIRPalpha in a calcium- and carbohydrate-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	97-109	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	15-19
22646706-8	2012	The majority of the genes with altered expression that have been implicated in photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism were down-regulated in both the wild-type and TPS1 transgenic plants.	Carbohydrates	98-110	alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (UDP-forming) TPS1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	168-172
24187418-0	2014	Combined intracellular nitrate and NIT2 effects on storage carbohydrate metabolism in Chlamydomonas.	Carbohydrates	59-71	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	35-39
7508820-1	1994	The adhesion molecules E-selectin (ELAM-1) and P-selectin (GMP-140/CD62) recognize the carbohydrate motives sialyl-Le(x), sialyl-diLe(x), or sialyl-Lea, though with different affinity.	Carbohydrates	87-99	selectin E	Homo sapiens	23-33
24187418-7	2014	The results provide evidence of the implication of intracellular nitrate and NIT2 in the control of C partitioning into different storage carbohydrates under mixotrophic conditions in Chlamydomonas.	Carbohydrates	138-151	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	77-81
22525354-6	2012	Of significant interest, we identified genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism (adiponectin and Dpp4) and in growth and development (GH, Tgfb (Tgfb2), Wnt4) as potential targets of androgen action via the AR in mineralizing osteoblasts.	Carbohydrates	57-69	androgen receptor	Mus musculus	207-209
7508820-1	1994	The adhesion molecules E-selectin (ELAM-1) and P-selectin (GMP-140/CD62) recognize the carbohydrate motives sialyl-Le(x), sialyl-diLe(x), or sialyl-Lea, though with different affinity.	Carbohydrates	87-99	selectin E	Homo sapiens	35-41
24218267-2	2014	SP-D is a multifunctional, pattern recognition innate immune molecule, which binds in a calcium dependent manner to an array of carbohydrates and lipids, thus offering resistance to invading pathogens, allergen challenge, and pulmonary inflammation.	Carbohydrates	128-141	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	0-4
24218267-9	2014	We also describe procedures of expressing and purifying a recombinant fragment of human SP-D (rhSP-D) comprising trimeric neck and carbohydrate recognition domains that has been shown to have therapeutic effects in murine models of allergy and infection.	Carbohydrates	131-143	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	88-92
22282515-8	2012	Both mutants recovered their enzyme activity after the introduction of wild-type pgm or fbp genes, were subsequently able to use carbohydrate as a carbon source, and were able to form root nodules on M. pudica and to fix nitrogen as efficiently as the parental strain.	Carbohydrates	129-141	Phosphoglucose mutase 1	Drosophila melanogaster	81-84
7508820-1	1994	The adhesion molecules E-selectin (ELAM-1) and P-selectin (GMP-140/CD62) recognize the carbohydrate motives sialyl-Le(x), sialyl-diLe(x), or sialyl-Lea, though with different affinity.	Carbohydrates	87-99	selectin P	Homo sapiens	47-57
7508820-1	1994	The adhesion molecules E-selectin (ELAM-1) and P-selectin (GMP-140/CD62) recognize the carbohydrate motives sialyl-Le(x), sialyl-diLe(x), or sialyl-Lea, though with different affinity.	Carbohydrates	87-99	selectin P	Homo sapiens	59-66
7508820-1	1994	The adhesion molecules E-selectin (ELAM-1) and P-selectin (GMP-140/CD62) recognize the carbohydrate motives sialyl-Le(x), sialyl-diLe(x), or sialyl-Lea, though with different affinity.	Carbohydrates	87-99	selectin P	Homo sapiens	67-71
22223547-0	2012	Effects of activating transcription factor 4 deficiency on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in mammals.	Carbohydrates	59-71	activating transcription factor 4	Homo sapiens	11-44
7507965-14	1994	Our results implicate a lectinlike contribution to neutrophil aggregation, and suggest that L-selectin is the molecule that mediates the carbohydrate-dependent adhesive event.	Carbohydrates	137-149	selectin L	Homo sapiens	92-102
22156524-4	2012	Axl- or Tyro3-mediated infection required intracellular signaling via the tyrosine kinase activity of Axl or Tyro3, whereas DC-SIGN- or LSECtin-mediated infection and binding were dependent on a specific carbohydrate and on ions.	Carbohydrates	204-216	C-type lectin domain family 4 member G	Homo sapiens	136-143
24078031-8	2014	The altered activities of the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism such as hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, and liver marker enzymes (AST, ALT, and ALP), creatine kinase and blood urea nitrogen in serum and blood of diabetic rats were significantly reverted to near normal levels by the administration of eugenol.	Carbohydrates	45-57	PDZ and LIM domain 3	Rattus norvegicus	233-236
8279403-6	1994	We suggest that after ingestion of combinations of carbohydrate and fat, the action of lipoprotein lipase on chylomicron-triacylglycerol leads to direct release of fatty acids into the plasma and increased fat oxidation.	Carbohydrates	51-63	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	87-105
24358298-1	2013	The human liver and lymph node sinusoidal endothelial cell C-type lectin (hLSECtin), a type II integral membrane protein, containing a Ca(2+)-dependent carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), has a well-established biological activity, yet its three-dimensional structure is unknown due to low expression yields and aggregation into inclusion bodies.	Carbohydrates	152-164	C-type lectin domain family 4 member G	Homo sapiens	74-82
22261506-6	2012	Recombinant galectin-14, but not recombinant galectin-11, was found to bind specifically to the surface tegument of adult flukes in a carbohydrate dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	134-146	galectin-14	Ovis aries	12-23
22731403-3	2012	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), which have three isoforms: PPAR-alpha, PPAR-gamma, and PPAR-delta, are key regulators of adipogenesis, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and are potential drug targets for treating metabolic syndrome.	Carbohydrates	166-178	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens	108-118
8261467-4	1994	The carbohydrate moieties of leukosialin were isolated from Jurkat and Molt 4 cells by alkaline borohydride treatment.	Carbohydrates	4-16	LOC105369247	Homo sapiens	29-40
22031945-5	2012	The citrate interaction was coordinated with a set of capsid interactions almost identical to that involved in recognizing the terminal HBGA fucose, the saccharide which forms the primary conserved interaction between HBGAs and GII noroviruses.	Carbohydrates	153-163	hemoglobin subunit gamma 1	Homo sapiens	136-140
22457708-0	2012	Liver x receptors regulate the transcriptional activity of the glucocorticoid receptor: implications for the carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	109-121	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-86
22457708-1	2012	GLUCOCORTICOIDS are steroid hormones that strongly influence intermediary carbohydrate metabolism by increasing the transcription rate of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), a key enzyme of gluconeogenesis, and suppress the immune system through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR).	Carbohydrates	74-86	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	246-269
24100040-4	2013	Our results demonstrate new potential roles for FDX1 in redox metabolism and carbohydrate and fatty acid biosynthesis, for FDX2 in anaerobic metabolism, and possibly in state transition.	Carbohydrates	77-89	ferredoxin 1	Homo sapiens	48-52
22457708-1	2012	GLUCOCORTICOIDS are steroid hormones that strongly influence intermediary carbohydrate metabolism by increasing the transcription rate of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), a key enzyme of gluconeogenesis, and suppress the immune system through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR).	Carbohydrates	74-86	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	271-273
7510548-10	1993	Taken together, these data indicate that, while all three selectins can recognize sialyl-Lewisx, E-, L- and P-Selectin each display distinct carbohydrate ligand preferences.	Carbohydrates	141-153	selectin P	Homo sapiens	108-118
24303042-1	2013	BACKGROUND: High carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA-125) level was reported to be associated with some cardiac dysfunctions, such as chronic heart failure, but the relationship between CA-125 level and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk remains unclear.	Carbohydrates	17-29	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	43-49
24303042-1	2013	BACKGROUND: High carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA-125) level was reported to be associated with some cardiac dysfunctions, such as chronic heart failure, but the relationship between CA-125 level and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk remains unclear.	Carbohydrates	17-29	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	179-185
23252257-0	2012	[CPAP therapy for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in patients with carbohydrate metabolic disturbances and type 2 diabetes mellitus].	Carbohydrates	68-80	centromere protein J	Homo sapiens	1-5
7693344-4	1993	The message of Fuc-TIII was detected in most of the epithelial cancer cell lines (14 of 15), which correlated with the surface expression of these carbohydrate determinants.	Carbohydrates	147-159	fucosyltransferase 3 (Lewis blood group)	Homo sapiens	15-23
22093819-1	2011	Human plasma membrane-associated sialidase (Neu3) is one of several sialidases that hydrolyze sialic acids in the terminal position of the carbohydrate groups of glycolipids and glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	139-151	neuraminidase 3	Homo sapiens	13-48
23625752-1	2013	ABO blood group is determined by carbohydrate antigens, called ABH antigens.	Carbohydrates	33-45	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-15
23625752-1	2013	ABO blood group is determined by carbohydrate antigens, called ABH antigens.	Carbohydrates	33-45	alkB homolog 1, histone H2A dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	63-66
23625752-2	2013	It has been known that the change of carbohydrate antigen expression, including ABH antigens, has correlation with the tumor metastasis and survival; however, the exact mechanism remains to be elucidated.	Carbohydrates	37-49	alkB homolog 1, histone H2A dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	80-83
23928364-15	2013	Further, differential expression of PPARalpha and PPARgamma was evidently documented as the master regulator for the alteration of lipid, amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism during maternal vitamin B12 deficiency.	Carbohydrates	153-165	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	50-59
7694500-1	1993	Norepinephrine (NE) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) potentiate carbohydrate ingestion after injection into the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), whereas injection of galanin (Gal) potentiates fat intake.	Carbohydrates	56-68	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	24-38
21835494-2	2011	The objective was to evaluate differences in leaf gas exchanges, carbohydrates, and two enzyme activities of these nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-malic enzyme (NADP-ME) C4 subtype monocots in response to water deficit and CO2 concentration ([CO2]).	Carbohydrates	65-78	NADP-dependent malic enzyme, chloroplastic	Zea mays	173-180
7694500-1	1993	Norepinephrine (NE) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) potentiate carbohydrate ingestion after injection into the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), whereas injection of galanin (Gal) potentiates fat intake.	Carbohydrates	56-68	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	40-43
22066891-10	2011	CONCLUSIONS: The monophasic COC NOMAC/E2 had less influence on haemostasis, lipids and carbohydrate metabolism than the COC LNG/EE.	Carbohydrates	87-99	cystatin 12, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	32-40
7694500-3	1993	Results demonstrate that PVN NE- and NPY-induced carbohydrate intake is abolished by adrenalectomy surgery (ADX) and by local PVN implants of the type II receptor antagonist RU-486.	Carbohydrates	49-61	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	37-40
7694500-4	1993	Carbohydrate intake in response to PVN NE or NPY injection is unaffected by the type I antagonist RU-28318.	Carbohydrates	0-12	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	45-48
21371486-1	2011	Peripheral GLP-1 is produced by post-translational processing of pro-glucagon in enteroendocrine L-cells and is released in response to luminal nutrient (primarily carbohydrate and fat) stimulation.	Carbohydrates	164-176	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	11-16
23960019-0	2013	Intramolecular OH   FC hydrogen bonding in fluorinated carbohydrates: CHF is a better hydrogen bond acceptor than CF2.	Carbohydrates	55-68	ATPase H+ transporting accessory protein 1	Homo sapiens	114-117
7694500-6	1993	It is concluded that endogenous Cort has a permissive effect on the carbohydrate feeding responses elicited by NE and NPY in the PVN and that this interaction is mediated by type II glucocorticoid receptors within this nucleus.	Carbohydrates	68-80	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	118-121
24019487-1	2013	Sea ice can contain high concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), much of which is carbohydrate-rich extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by microalgae and bacteria inhabiting the ice.	Carbohydrates	92-104	14-3-3epsilon	Drosophila melanogaster	146-149
8238502-6	1993	Under resting conditions PDHa was influenced by the availability of fat or carbohydrate fuels acting through changes in the acetyl-CoA-to-CoASH ratio.	Carbohydrates	75-87	pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	25-29
23603103-0	2013	Thermal inactivation reaction rates for ricin are influenced by pH and carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	71-84	ricin	Ricinus communis	40-45
21965658-1	2011	The recognition of influenza A virus (IAV) by surfactant protein D (SP-D) is mediated by interactions between the SP-D carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD) and glycans displayed on envelope glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	119-131	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	68-72
21965658-1	2011	The recognition of influenza A virus (IAV) by surfactant protein D (SP-D) is mediated by interactions between the SP-D carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD) and glycans displayed on envelope glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	119-131	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	114-118
7693048-2	1993	However, sialyl Lex antigen, the carbohydrate ligand for E-selectin, has been hardly detectable on these cells, at least when typical anti-sialyl Lex antibodies were used for detection.	Carbohydrates	33-45	selectin E	Homo sapiens	57-67
8221667-3	1993	Here we show that verotoxin, also called Shiga-like toxin, which is known to bind to the carbohydrate moiety of Gb3/CD77, induces cell death in Gb3/CD77(+) Burkitt"s lymphoma cells, not only by inhibiting protein synthesis as classically described but also through an additional mechanism, namely apoptosis.	Carbohydrates	89-101	alpha 1,4-galactosyltransferase (P blood group)	Homo sapiens	112-115
21957147-5	2011	We hypothesized that the saccharide composition of the Env N-glycans is involved in avoiding viral degradation and Ag presentation, as well as preserving infectious virus for the transmission to target cells.	Carbohydrates	25-35	endogenous retrovirus group K member 20	Homo sapiens	55-58
22014308-1	2011	BACKGROUND: The aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1 (AKR1C1) belongs to a superfamily of NADPH-dependent reductases that convert a wide range of substrates, including carbohydrates, steroid hormones, and endogenous prostaglandins.	Carbohydrates	170-183	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1	Sus scrofa	16-54
23736045-1	2013	The objective of these experiments was to measure in vitro hydrolytic digestion and glycemic and insulinemic responses of select carbohydrate blends, all containing the novel carbohydrate soluble corn fiber (SCF).	Carbohydrates	175-187	KIT ligand	Canis lupus familiaris	208-211
23736045-2	2013	Two SCF that varied in their method of production were used to formulate the carbohydrate blends.	Carbohydrates	77-89	KIT ligand	Canis lupus familiaris	4-7
23819733-2	2013	The resulting syn-chlorohydrins are produced with good to excellent diastereoselectivity in high enantiopurity and provide new opportunities for the synthesis of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	162-175	synemin	Homo sapiens	14-17
22014308-1	2011	BACKGROUND: The aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1 (AKR1C1) belongs to a superfamily of NADPH-dependent reductases that convert a wide range of substrates, including carbohydrates, steroid hormones, and endogenous prostaglandins.	Carbohydrates	170-183	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1	Sus scrofa	56-62
8221667-3	1993	Here we show that verotoxin, also called Shiga-like toxin, which is known to bind to the carbohydrate moiety of Gb3/CD77, induces cell death in Gb3/CD77(+) Burkitt"s lymphoma cells, not only by inhibiting protein synthesis as classically described but also through an additional mechanism, namely apoptosis.	Carbohydrates	89-101	alpha 1,4-galactosyltransferase (P blood group)	Homo sapiens	116-120
8222393-4	1993	The expression of H-2Kb gene and the low metastatic ability of transfected BL6 melanoma cells were associated with appearance of cell membrane soybean agglutinin (SBA) and Griffonia simplicifolia 1B4 (GS1B4) lectin-binding carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	223-236	histocompatibility 2, K1, K region	Mus musculus	18-23
21836538-4	2011	KC express the CD11b/CD18 receptor, which has been implicated in chilled platelet binding and phagocytosis through interaction with platelet surface proteins and carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	162-175	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	15-20
21852673-9	2011	In addition, intracellular accumulation of GLUT2 with early endosome antigen 1 (EEA1) was associated with reduced MGAT4a activity (glycosylation) in 39% of obese subjects on a low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet.	Carbohydrates	180-192	early endosome antigen 1	Mus musculus	54-78
23745692-3	2013	Consistent with previous reports, we found that site-directed mutations disrupting the protein-carbohydrate interface (F241A, F243A, V262E, and V264E) increased galactosylation and sialylation of the Fc and, concomitantly, reduced the affinity for FcgammaRIIIA.	Carbohydrates	95-107	Fc gamma receptor IIIa	Homo sapiens	248-260
23884105-5	2013	These results suggest that mouse MBL-A and ficolin-A bind to LPS via its carbohydrate-recognition domain and fibrinogen-like domain, respectively, whereby cytokine production by LPS-mediated TLR4 in mBMMCs appears to be down-regulated, indicating that mouse MBL and ficolin may have an inhibitory function toward mouse TLR4-mediated excessive inflammation on the mast cells.	Carbohydrates	73-85	mannose-binding lectin (protein A) 1	Mus musculus	33-38
23884105-5	2013	These results suggest that mouse MBL-A and ficolin-A bind to LPS via its carbohydrate-recognition domain and fibrinogen-like domain, respectively, whereby cytokine production by LPS-mediated TLR4 in mBMMCs appears to be down-regulated, indicating that mouse MBL and ficolin may have an inhibitory function toward mouse TLR4-mediated excessive inflammation on the mast cells.	Carbohydrates	73-85	mannose-binding lectin (protein C) 2	Mus musculus	33-36
21852673-9	2011	In addition, intracellular accumulation of GLUT2 with early endosome antigen 1 (EEA1) was associated with reduced MGAT4a activity (glycosylation) in 39% of obese subjects on a low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet.	Carbohydrates	180-192	early endosome antigen 1	Mus musculus	80-84
21699983-3	2011	We have identified a novel subpopulation of primary olfactory neurons in mice that express blood group carbohydrates with GalNAc-ss1,4[NeuAcalpha 2,3]Galss1 residues recognised by the CT1 antibody.	Carbohydrates	103-116	cardiotrophin 1	Mus musculus	184-187
8222393-6	1993	To assess the importance of H-2Kb-induced alterations in cell surface carbohydrates for metastasis formation, BL6-8 melanoma cells were transfected with H-2Kb gene without neor gene cotransfection and selected for adherence to SBA-lectin-conjugated agarose beads.	Carbohydrates	70-83	histocompatibility 2, K1, K region	Mus musculus	28-33
21699983-11	2011	We also show that the CT1 carbohydrate is lost in gain-of-function transgenic mice over-expressing the blood group A glycosyltransferase in which there is aberrant targeting of M72 axons.	Carbohydrates	26-38	cardiotrophin 1	Mus musculus	22-25
8222393-8	1993	Further analysis of these clones showed that presence of SBA and GS1B4 lectin-binding carbohydrates rather than expression of H-2Kb molecules per se might be responsible for low metastatic potentials of H-2Kb-transfected cells in the immunocompromised mice.	Carbohydrates	86-99	histocompatibility 2, K1, K region	Mus musculus	203-208
22639593-1	2011	Complex plant N-glycans containing beta1,2-xylose and core alpha1,3-fucose are regarded as the major class of the so-called "carbohydrate cross-reactive determinants" reactive with IgE antibodies in sera of many allergic patients, but their clinical relevance is still under debate.	Carbohydrates	124-137	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	35-42
8223648-10	1993	The fucosylation was identified to be (alpha 1-6)-linked to the core saccharide.	Carbohydrates	69-79	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	39-48
23481096-0	2013	Structural basis of preferential binding of fucose-containing saccharide by the Caenorhabditis elegans galectin LEC-6.	Carbohydrates	62-72	Galectin	Caenorhabditis elegans	112-117
23481096-2	2013	LEC-6, a member of galectins of Caenorhabditis elegans, binds fucose-containing saccharides.	Carbohydrates	80-91	Galectin	Caenorhabditis elegans	0-5
21269731-5	2011	The cytosolic metabolism of the two carbohydrates includes reversible glucosyl transfer reactions to a heteroglycan that are mediated by two glucosyl transferases, DPE2 and PHS2 (or, in all other species, Pho2).	Carbohydrates	36-49	alpha-glucan phosphorylase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	173-177
7508899-5	1993	These peptides span a region of more than 100 amino acids and may define the carbohydrate recognition domain of P-selectin.	Carbohydrates	77-89	selectin P	Homo sapiens	112-122
21269731-5	2011	The cytosolic metabolism of the two carbohydrates includes reversible glucosyl transfer reactions to a heteroglycan that are mediated by two glucosyl transferases, DPE2 and PHS2 (or, in all other species, Pho2).	Carbohydrates	36-49	phosphate 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	205-209
21401320-5	2011	In this review, we will focus on recent findings regarding the molecular mechanism by which IRS2 and PTP1B elicit opposite effects on carbohydrate metabolism in the liver in response to insulin.	Carbohydrates	134-146	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	101-106
23507963-2	2013	In the present study, we have analyzed the carbohydrate specificity of the C-type lectin CLEC10A using glycan profiling by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).	Carbohydrates	43-55	C-type lectin domain containing 10A	Homo sapiens	89-96
8397508-5	1993	Major differences in the carbohydrate structures of PC1 and PC2 are demonstrated by the resistance of the secreted PC1 to endoglycosidase H digestion and sensitivity of the secreted PC2 to this enzyme.	Carbohydrates	25-37	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 2	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
23616577-8	2013	Furthermore, the presence of sialic acid in the IgG carbohydrate altered FCRL5 binding.	Carbohydrates	52-64	Fc receptor like 5	Homo sapiens	73-78
21525337-8	2011	The site was smaller than that involved in full HBGA recognition, a consequence of variable recognition of peripheral saccharides.	Carbohydrates	118-129	hemoglobin subunit gamma 1	Homo sapiens	48-52
8397508-5	1993	Major differences in the carbohydrate structures of PC1 and PC2 are demonstrated by the resistance of the secreted PC1 to endoglycosidase H digestion and sensitivity of the secreted PC2 to this enzyme.	Carbohydrates	25-37	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1	Rattus norvegicus	115-118
8397508-5	1993	Major differences in the carbohydrate structures of PC1 and PC2 are demonstrated by the resistance of the secreted PC1 to endoglycosidase H digestion and sensitivity of the secreted PC2 to this enzyme.	Carbohydrates	25-37	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 2	Rattus norvegicus	182-185
7688790-7	1993	However, previously defined E-selectin carbohydrate ligands, such as sialyl Lewis x on neutrophils and the HECA-452 epitope on human memory lymphocytes, are antigenically different than the carbohydrates on ruminant gamma/delta T cells since the mAbs CSLEX and HECA-452 do not recognize these cells.	Carbohydrates	39-51	selectin E	Homo sapiens	28-38
21380727-6	2011	Tankyrase 2 also inhibited the carbohydrate-binding function of the lectin.	Carbohydrates	31-43	tankyrase 2	Homo sapiens	0-11
23531458-4	2013	Structure-activity relationship study of these sugar-substituted oleanolic acid derivatives demonstrated that PTP1B inhibitory activity and insulin-sensitizing response were strongly influenced by both the carbohydrate moiety at the C-3 position and the long acidic chain at C-28 position of oleanolic acid.	Carbohydrates	206-218	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	110-115
7688763-2	1993	P-selectin mediates adhesion to glycoproteins with carbohydrate structures containing sialyl-Lewis X.	Carbohydrates	51-63	selectin P	Homo sapiens	0-10
23416198-3	2013	This alpha2,6-sialylated Fc (sFc) has been reported to bind to the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of the cell-surface lectin DC-SIGN (dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin) and its murine orthologue SIGN-R1 (specific intracellular adhesion molecule-grabbing non-integrin R1) and, via this interaction, to signal the downstream expression of immunosuppressive cytokines and receptors.	Carbohydrates	67-79	CD209b antigen	Mus musculus	248-255
21471513-9	2011	Higher methylation of RXRA chr9:136355885+, but not of eNOS chr7:150315553+, was associated with lower maternal carbohydrate intake in early pregnancy, previously linked with higher neonatal adiposity in this population.	Carbohydrates	112-124	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	22-26
23416198-3	2013	This alpha2,6-sialylated Fc (sFc) has been reported to bind to the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of the cell-surface lectin DC-SIGN (dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin) and its murine orthologue SIGN-R1 (specific intracellular adhesion molecule-grabbing non-integrin R1) and, via this interaction, to signal the downstream expression of immunosuppressive cytokines and receptors.	Carbohydrates	67-79	CD209b antigen	Mus musculus	257-322
21283109-0	2011	Antibody responses to glycolipid-borne carbohydrates require CD4+ T cells but not CD1 or NKT cells.	Carbohydrates	39-52	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	61-64
21283109-5	2011	These studies showed that CD4(+) T cells were required to generate antibodies to the carbohydrates expressed on glycolipids, and unexpectedly, these antibody responses were CD1d and NKT cell independent.	Carbohydrates	85-98	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	26-29
7685759-6	1993	The portion of t-PA most important for internalization after complexing with PAI-1 is likely to be in the finger and/or epidermal growth factor domains or in the carbohydrate at amino acid 117, in that the internalization of preformed t-PA.PAI-1 complexes or complexes formed on the cell surface was inhibited by an excess of active site-blocked wild type t-PA, but not by an active site blocked t-PA variant missing these domains.	Carbohydrates	162-174	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	77-82
8344699-6	1993	The THP was found by ELISA, immunoblotting and immunohistology, to bind to as yet unidentified components of the extracellular matrix in a manner dependent on cations, pH and carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	175-188	uromodulin	Mus musculus	4-7
21433280-8	2011	Additionally, SFT and RA for 4 days significantly inhibited the carbohydrate-induced adaptive increase of SGLT1 in BBM.	Carbohydrates	64-76	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	106-111
7685776-3	1993	In vitro evidence suggests that two endothelial cell selectins, P- and E-selectin, can mediate rolling by binding to the carbohydrate ligand sialyl-Lewisx (sLex) on neutrophil surface glycoconjugates.	Carbohydrates	121-133	selectin E	Homo sapiens	71-81
21826994-0	2011	[Effects of the LIPE C-60G polymorphism on changes of plasma lipids and glucose induced by a high-carbohydrate diet in healthy youth].	Carbohydrates	98-110	lipase E, hormone sensitive type	Homo sapiens	16-20
8487785-3	1993	Results show both qualitative and quantitative differences in the carbohydrates of both monoclonal antibodies and their fragments F(ab")2, Fab" and Fd.	Carbohydrates	66-79	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	139-142
21826994-1	2011	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the interaction of the C-60G polymorphism of hormone sensitive lipase gene (LIPE) with a high carbohydrate (high-CHO) diet on plasma lipids and glucose in a young and healthy Chinese Han population.	Carbohydrates	120-132	lipase E, hormone sensitive type	Homo sapiens	102-106
7683458-3	1993	Human P-selectin, expressed in platelets and endothelium, is a Ca(2+)-dependent receptor for myeloid cells that binds to carbohydrates on neutrophils and monocytes.	Carbohydrates	121-134	selectin P	Homo sapiens	6-16
21370880-3	2011	A detailed characterization of the glycan binding preferences of annexin A1 using carbohydrate microarrays and surface plasmon resonance served as a starting point to understand the role of glycan binding in annexin A1 function.	Carbohydrates	82-94	annexin A1	Homo sapiens	65-75
21167898-5	2011	Results obtained by SPR demonstrated that the oligosaccharide side chains of DMBT1 are recognized by the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of galectin 3 and modification in the pattern of oligosaccharides modulates the binding parameters of DMBT1 with galectin 3.	Carbohydrates	105-117	deleted in malignant brain tumors 1	Homo sapiens	77-82
21167898-5	2011	Results obtained by SPR demonstrated that the oligosaccharide side chains of DMBT1 are recognized by the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of galectin 3 and modification in the pattern of oligosaccharides modulates the binding parameters of DMBT1 with galectin 3.	Carbohydrates	105-117	deleted in malignant brain tumors 1	Homo sapiens	245-250
7683936-3	1993	We now show that E-selectin specifically binds to the sialyl Lex carbohydrate epitopes of leukocyte integrins.	Carbohydrates	65-77	selectin E	Homo sapiens	17-27
21865704-7	2011	These results indicate that mucin mRNA expression increases similarly after LPS instillation or OVA challenge, however, carbohydrate compositions of newly produced mucin are different between the two groups.	Carbohydrates	120-132	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	164-169
7680041-5	1993	These data suggest that this endothelial ligand is an adhesion molecule that accomplishes cell binding by presenting carbohydrate(s) to the lectin domain of L Selectin, and the name GLYCAM 1 (GLY-cosylation-dependent Cell Adhesion Molecule 1) has been proposed.	Carbohydrates	117-129	glycosylation dependent cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	182-190
7679503-1	1993	E-selectin, L-selectin, and P-selectin are related cell adhesion molecules that bind via their lectin domains to sialyl Lewis x and related carbohydrate determinants.	Carbohydrates	140-152	selectin E	Homo sapiens	0-10
21084651-4	2011	Because carbohydrate intake can increase hepatic SCD1 activity, it could be used as a stratifying variable to disentangle the effects of adipose tissue SCD1 compared with the effects of liver SCD1 activity on obesity.	Carbohydrates	8-20	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	49-53
21963509-2	2011	We previously isolated cDNAs of 10 galectin and galectin-like genes (lec-1 to lec-6 and lec-8 to lec-11) from Caenorhabditis elegans and characterized the carbohydrate-binding properties of their recombinant proteins.	Carbohydrates	155-167	32 kDa beta-galactoside-binding lectin;Galectin	Caenorhabditis elegans	69-74
21963509-2	2011	We previously isolated cDNAs of 10 galectin and galectin-like genes (lec-1 to lec-6 and lec-8 to lec-11) from Caenorhabditis elegans and characterized the carbohydrate-binding properties of their recombinant proteins.	Carbohydrates	155-167	putative galaptin lec-8	Caenorhabditis elegans	88-93
7679503-1	1993	E-selectin, L-selectin, and P-selectin are related cell adhesion molecules that bind via their lectin domains to sialyl Lewis x and related carbohydrate determinants.	Carbohydrates	140-152	selectin L	Homo sapiens	12-22
7679503-1	1993	E-selectin, L-selectin, and P-selectin are related cell adhesion molecules that bind via their lectin domains to sialyl Lewis x and related carbohydrate determinants.	Carbohydrates	140-152	selectin P	Homo sapiens	28-38
7679888-2	1993	It is known to bind a carbohydrate antigen sialyl Le(x) (sialyl SSEA-1) present on leukocytes, and the sialyl Le(x)/ELAM-1 adhesion system is suggested to play a physiologically important role in leukocyte recruitment in the process of inflammation.	Carbohydrates	22-34	selectin E	Homo sapiens	116-122
20564023-2	2011	Carbohydrates expressed on the surface of cells serve as recognition elements for particular cell types, for example, in the ABO(H) blood group system.	Carbohydrates	0-13	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	125-128
7679888-4	1993	On the other hand, in the adhesion of human cancer cells to endothelial cells, another carbohydrate antigen, sialyl Le(a), serves as the ligand for ELAM-1, as well as sialyl Le(x).	Carbohydrates	87-99	selectin E	Homo sapiens	148-154
8515182-2	1993	CD45 molecules exist as multiple isoforms whose extracellular portions vary in protein structure and carbohydrate content but whose intracellular portions are highly conserved and possess tyrosine phosphatase activity.	Carbohydrates	101-113	protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, C	Mus musculus	0-4
21448400-1	2011	OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the influence of high-intensity intermittent exercise and carbohydrate supplementation on cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) in soccer players.	Carbohydrates	107-119	troponin I3, cardiac type	Homo sapiens	139-157
21448400-1	2011	OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the influence of high-intensity intermittent exercise and carbohydrate supplementation on cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) in soccer players.	Carbohydrates	107-119	troponin I3, cardiac type	Homo sapiens	159-163
20404839-9	2010	Affinity-purified anti-ABL IgG contained an antibody fraction that recognizes the carbohydrate-binding site of ABL.	Carbohydrates	82-94	ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	23-26
20404839-9	2010	Affinity-purified anti-ABL IgG contained an antibody fraction that recognizes the carbohydrate-binding site of ABL.	Carbohydrates	82-94	ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	111-114
8502117-1	1993	Amylin, a 37 amino-acid peptide secreted from the pancreatic beta-cells, exerts marked effects on carbohydrate metabolism in intact rats.	Carbohydrates	98-110	islet amyloid polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
20843694-0	2010	Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and modeling of a non-carbohydrate antagonist of the myelin-associated glycoprotein.	Carbohydrates	64-76	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	95-125
8502117-11	1993	These doses produced plasma levels that were within the concentration range previously reported for insulin-resistant rats, supporting the proposal that amylin is a physiologic endocrine regulator of carbohydrate metabolism in vivo.	Carbohydrates	200-212	islet amyloid polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	153-159
21043851-7	1993	There were differences in the carbohydrate chain content of GMP 140 between human and rabbit platelets.	Carbohydrates	30-42	selectin P	Homo sapiens	60-67
20417609-4	2010	Dectin-1 was constructed by cloning the extracellular carbohydrate recognition domain of the mouse Dectin gene into the pET28a(+) prokaryotic expression vector.	Carbohydrates	54-66	C-type lectin domain family 7, member a	Mus musculus	0-8
20695621-5	2010	By harnessing the electroactive and carbohydrate-recognition properties of these tailor-made biohybrid building blocks, we were able to integrate glucose oxidase (GOx) onto gold electrodes via sugar-lectin interactions.	Carbohydrates	36-48	hydroxyacid oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	146-161
20695621-5	2010	By harnessing the electroactive and carbohydrate-recognition properties of these tailor-made biohybrid building blocks, we were able to integrate glucose oxidase (GOx) onto gold electrodes via sugar-lectin interactions.	Carbohydrates	36-48	hydroxyacid oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	163-166
1285423-6	1992	The expression of specific sialylated, fucosylated and sulfated carbohydrates in activated endothelium and high endothelial venules promotes interactions with L-selectin on leukocyte surfaces.	Carbohydrates	64-77	selectin L	Homo sapiens	159-169
20488159-0	2010	Identification of pregnancy-associated CA125-reactive protein as a carbohydrate-binding immunoglobulin G. Cancer antigen 125 (CA125), also referred to as mucin 16, is expressed under both normal and pathological conditions and the complexity of its structure indicates multifunctionality, i.e. both the protein and carbohydrate parts may be involved in diverse interactions at different levels of cell and tissue organization.	Carbohydrates	67-79	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	39-44
1489092-0	1992	Carbohydrate analysis of water-soluble uronic acid-containing polysaccharides with high-performance anion-exchange chromatography using methanolysis combined with TFA hydrolysis is superior to four other methods.	Carbohydrates	0-12	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	163-166
20488159-0	2010	Identification of pregnancy-associated CA125-reactive protein as a carbohydrate-binding immunoglobulin G. Cancer antigen 125 (CA125), also referred to as mucin 16, is expressed under both normal and pathological conditions and the complexity of its structure indicates multifunctionality, i.e. both the protein and carbohydrate parts may be involved in diverse interactions at different levels of cell and tissue organization.	Carbohydrates	67-79	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	126-131
20488159-0	2010	Identification of pregnancy-associated CA125-reactive protein as a carbohydrate-binding immunoglobulin G. Cancer antigen 125 (CA125), also referred to as mucin 16, is expressed under both normal and pathological conditions and the complexity of its structure indicates multifunctionality, i.e. both the protein and carbohydrate parts may be involved in diverse interactions at different levels of cell and tissue organization.	Carbohydrates	67-79	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	154-162
20488159-5	2010	The CA125-reactive fraction from placental extract was identified as carbohydrate-binding IgG.	Carbohydrates	69-81	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	4-9
20488159-7	2010	CA125-reactive IgG could be selectively enriched using fetuin as the ligand and represents a distinct IgG subfraction differing from abundant natural carbohydrate-binding antibodies.	Carbohydrates	150-162	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	0-5
1443623-0	1992	Use of capillary zone electrophoresis to evaluate the binding of anionic carbohydrates to synthetic peptides derived from human serum amyloid P component.	Carbohydrates	73-86	amyloid P component, serum	Homo sapiens	128-153
20409000-2	2010	This finding suggests a function of BZI-1 in regulating carbohydrate supply of the developing pollen.	Carbohydrates	56-68	light-inducible protein CPRF2-like	Nicotiana tabacum	36-41
20409000-5	2010	Consistently, approaches leading to reduced levels of functional BZI-1 or BZI-2 both significantly interfere with pollen development, auxin responsiveness and carbohydrate partitioning.	Carbohydrates	159-171	light-inducible protein CPRF2-like	Nicotiana tabacum	65-70
1443623-1	1992	Capillary zone electrophoresis was used to study interactions between anionic carbohydrates and synthetic peptides derived from the heparin-binding region of human serum amyloid P component.	Carbohydrates	78-91	amyloid P component, serum	Homo sapiens	164-189
1339373-7	1992	AKin10 may play an important role in a signal transduction cascade regulating gene expression and carbohydrate metabolism in higher plants.	Carbohydrates	98-110	SNF1 kinase homolog 10	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-6
20591072-2	2010	We have prepared recombinant trimeric neck and carbohydrate recognition domains (NCRD) of collectins, and we now show that the NCRD of bovine conglutinin and CL-46 (like that of CL-43) have greater intrinsic antiviral activity for influenza A virus (IAV) than the human SP-D NCRD (hSP-D-NCRD).	Carbohydrates	47-59	collectin-46	Bos taurus	158-163
1419145-4	1992	These components appeared to be N-linked glycoproteins as peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase (PNGase F) released 86-96% of the labeled carbohydrate from the labeled protein.	Carbohydrates	159-171	N-glycanase 1	Homo sapiens	118-124
20099847-3	2010	Moreover, these heteropolymeric structures allow units as short as tetrasaccharides to self-assemble through carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions that are induced by the presence of Ca(II), a known dynamic trigger in planta.	Carbohydrates	109-121	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	184-190
20099847-3	2010	Moreover, these heteropolymeric structures allow units as short as tetrasaccharides to self-assemble through carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions that are induced by the presence of Ca(II), a known dynamic trigger in planta.	Carbohydrates	122-134	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	184-190
20207732-1	2010	Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is an innate immune collectin that recognizes microbes via its carbohydrate recognition domains, agglutinates bacteria, and forms immune complexes.	Carbohydrates	91-103	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	0-20
20207732-1	2010	Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is an innate immune collectin that recognizes microbes via its carbohydrate recognition domains, agglutinates bacteria, and forms immune complexes.	Carbohydrates	91-103	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	22-26
20207732-2	2010	During microbial infections, proteases, such as elastases, cleave the carbohydrate recognition domains and can inactivate the innate immune functions of SP-D.	Carbohydrates	70-82	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	153-157
20207732-6	2010	Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, surface plasmon resonance, and carbohydrate competition assays, we show that SP-D interacts with A2M both in solid phase (K(D) of 7.33 nM) and in solution via lectin-carbohydrate interactions under physiological calcium conditions.	Carbohydrates	73-85	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	119-123
23569235-7	2013	Thus, decreased MC4R signaling in melanocortin obesity syndrome consistently yields hyperphagia irrespective of the foods provided, but the hyperphagia appears driven by variety and/or novelty, rather than by a preference for high-fat or high-carbohydrate foodstuffs.	Carbohydrates	243-255	melanocortin 4 receptor	Homo sapiens	16-20
23411433-2	2013	The studied transformation is based on the Mo(VI)-catalyzed isomerization of carbohydrate carbon skeleton and allows preparation of C-3 isomers of 3-C-branched aldoses in a simple way without formation of side products.	Carbohydrates	77-89	complement C3	Homo sapiens	132-135
20100839-3	2010	This method allows protection of biotin-binding sites of avidin from inactivation caused by the oxidation step and delay of avidin clearance from injected tissue by generation of aldehyde groups from avidin carbohydrate moieties.	Carbohydrates	207-219	avidin	Gallus gallus	57-63
1282760-2	1992	Effect of various carbohydrates on dextranase formation was examined, dextran was the best C-source and as an inducer.	Carbohydrates	18-31	dextranase	Purpureocillium lilacinum	35-45
20100839-3	2010	This method allows protection of biotin-binding sites of avidin from inactivation caused by the oxidation step and delay of avidin clearance from injected tissue by generation of aldehyde groups from avidin carbohydrate moieties.	Carbohydrates	207-219	avidin	Gallus gallus	124-130
20100839-3	2010	This method allows protection of biotin-binding sites of avidin from inactivation caused by the oxidation step and delay of avidin clearance from injected tissue by generation of aldehyde groups from avidin carbohydrate moieties.	Carbohydrates	207-219	avidin	Gallus gallus	124-130
20067560-4	2010	Total sialic acid and galactose expression are reduced twofold on platelet VWF, and ABO blood group carbohydrate determinants are not present on the N-linked glycans of platelet VWF.	Carbohydrates	100-112	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	84-87
23329127-1	2013	The flavocytochrome cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is a versatile biorecognition element capable of detecting carbohydrates as well as quinones and catecholamines.	Carbohydrates	110-123	choline dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	20-44
23329127-1	2013	The flavocytochrome cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is a versatile biorecognition element capable of detecting carbohydrates as well as quinones and catecholamines.	Carbohydrates	110-123	choline dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	46-49
1527037-3	1992	The strong reaction with desialized porcine and rat salivary glycoproteins as well as pneumococcus type XIV polysaccharide suggests that APA has affinity for one or more of the following carbohydrate sequences: Thomsen-Friedenreich (T, Gal beta 1----3GalNAc), blood group precursor type I and/or type II (Gal beta 1----3/4GlcNAc) disaccharide determinants of complex carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	187-199	glutamyl aminopeptidase	Rattus norvegicus	137-140
23473392-2	2013	The preferred carbohydrate donors for the biosynthesis of such glycosylated natural products are the dTDP-linked sugars.	Carbohydrates	14-26	TAR DNA-binding protein-43 homolog	Drosophila melanogaster	101-105
20034607-2	2010	In a previous study we demonstrated a marked increase in immunogenicity of the highly glycosylated HIV-1 gp120 protein following enzymatic addition of alpha-gal epitopes to the carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	177-189	glycoprotein galactosyltransferase alpha 1, 3	Mus musculus	151-160
20186957-3	2010	The 5-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed to assess cerebral function and systemic carbohydrate homeostasis during acute hyperglycemia, in the knowledge that GLUT1 is constitutively expressed ubiquitously and upregulated in the brain.	Carbohydrates	101-113	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	176-181
1527037-3	1992	The strong reaction with desialized porcine and rat salivary glycoproteins as well as pneumococcus type XIV polysaccharide suggests that APA has affinity for one or more of the following carbohydrate sequences: Thomsen-Friedenreich (T, Gal beta 1----3GalNAc), blood group precursor type I and/or type II (Gal beta 1----3/4GlcNAc) disaccharide determinants of complex carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	367-380	glutamyl aminopeptidase	Rattus norvegicus	137-140
23646466-9	2013	Genes related to carbohydrate metabolism included PPP1R3C, B3GNT1, and GCNT1, manifested as decreased glycogen and glycan syntheses.	Carbohydrates	17-29	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3C	Homo sapiens	50-57
1427379-6	1992	These results indicate that alpha-glucosidase inhibitors accelerate mouth to caecum transit time by inducing carbohydrate malabsorption.	Carbohydrates	109-121	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	28-45
23646466-9	2013	Genes related to carbohydrate metabolism included PPP1R3C, B3GNT1, and GCNT1, manifested as decreased glycogen and glycan syntheses.	Carbohydrates	17-29	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	59-65
19962962-2	2010	Here we described a method for delivering whole protein antigens to APCs via carbohydrate-mediated targeting of Dectin-1, which is a C-type lectin and mainly expresses on subpopulations of dendritic cells and macrophages.	Carbohydrates	77-89	C-type lectin domain family 7, member a	Mus musculus	112-120
23019232-1	2013	The incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is released from the gut in response to fat or carbohydrate and contributes to negative feedback control of blood glucose by stimulating insulin secretion, inhibiting glucagon, and slowing gastric emptying.	Carbohydrates	100-112	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	46-51
1470607-1	1992	The galactose alpha 1-3 galactose (Gal alpha 1-3 Gal) residue is a carbohydrate widely distributed in many non-human mammals.	Carbohydrates	67-79	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	14-23
23019232-10	2013	Since the natural agonist for the GLP-1R is regulated by intake of fat and carbohydrate, but not by salt or fluid, the control of salt excretion by the GLP-1R system departs from the usual negative-feedback paradigm for regulating salt balance.	Carbohydrates	75-87	glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	34-40
20078623-1	2010	The goal of this study was to evaluate the relation between serum levels of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) and prognosis in African American (AA) patients with heart failure (HF).	Carbohydrates	76-88	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	102-107
23274085-5	2013	Sesn2 was upregulated in the liver of mice subjected to fasting or subsequent refeeding with a high-carbohydrate, fat-free diet, whereas only refeeding promoted Keap1 degradation and Nrf2 activation, because only refeeding induced p62 expression.	Carbohydrates	100-112	sestrin 2	Mus musculus	0-5
1470607-1	1992	The galactose alpha 1-3 galactose (Gal alpha 1-3 Gal) residue is a carbohydrate widely distributed in many non-human mammals.	Carbohydrates	67-79	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	39-48
1377184-8	1992	HMFG were present in stools of breast-fed neonates as shown by indirect immunofluorescence staining with a monoclonal antibody directed against carbohydrate residues present on HMFGM.	Carbohydrates	144-156	milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing	Homo sapiens	0-4
22865599-8	2013	Although the administration of AOX during endurance exercise alters the expression of particular genes of the ROS metabolism, it does not influence peak power or generally shift the metabolism, but it modulates the expression of specific genes of the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and PGC-1alpha within murine skeletal muscle.	Carbohydrates	251-263	acyl-Coenzyme A oxidase 1, palmitoyl	Mus musculus	31-34
20003255-2	2009	Siaalpha(2,6)Galbeta(1,4)GlcNAc sequence, known as CDw75, is a sialylated carbohydrate determinant generated by the ST6Gal I.	Carbohydrates	74-86	ST6 beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	116-124
20054124-0	2009	Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of the carbohydrate-recognition domain of SIGN-R1, a receptor for microbial polysaccharides and sialylated antibody on splenic marginal zone macrophages.	Carbohydrates	65-77	CD209b antigen	Mus musculus	100-107
20054124-5	2009	The carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of SIGN-R1 has been cloned and overexpressed in a soluble secretory form in mammalian Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells.	Carbohydrates	4-16	CD209b antigen	Mus musculus	45-52
1375176-2	1992	Because amylin is cosecreted with insulin and may contribute to the insulin resistance of obesity, this study tested the hypothesis that insulin and amylin genes are coordinately regulated by obesity and carbohydrate feeding.	Carbohydrates	204-216	islet amyloid polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	8-14
19757090-12	2009	The study suggests that thioglycoside derivatives of ABH antigens could have pharmaceutical interest as ligands of lectins and other carbohydrate-binding proteins.	Carbohydrates	133-145	alkB homolog 1, histone H2A dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	53-56
24081236-1	2013	BACKGROUND: TFAP2B rs987237 is associated with obesity and has shown interaction with the dietary fat-to-carbohydrate ratio, which has an effect on weight loss.	Carbohydrates	105-117	transcription factor AP-2 beta	Homo sapiens	12-18
1375176-2	1992	Because amylin is cosecreted with insulin and may contribute to the insulin resistance of obesity, this study tested the hypothesis that insulin and amylin genes are coordinately regulated by obesity and carbohydrate feeding.	Carbohydrates	204-216	islet amyloid polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	149-155
19822665-2	2009	Consequences of augmented insulin signaling include developmental progression, cell and organ growth, and the storage of carbohydrates and lipids.	Carbohydrates	121-134	Insulin-like receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	26-33
1375176-5	1992	Weaning on high-carbohydrate versus high-fat diets resulted in enhanced expression of both insulin (P less than 0.05) and amylin (P less than 0.05) mRNAs.	Carbohydrates	16-28	islet amyloid polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	122-128
23447881-5	2012	RESULTS: Equine colostral carbohydrates significantly reduced LPS-induced TNF-alpha protein at both times measured and significantly reduced LPS-induced TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-10 mRNA expression by PBMCs.	Carbohydrates	26-39	interleukin 6	Equus caballus	164-168
1521582-1	1992	The influence of the carbohydrate groups of rhodopsin on its ability to regenerate upon incubation with 11-cis retinaldehyde after photobleaching was examined.	Carbohydrates	21-33	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	44-53
23085989-0	2012	AgRP neurons: a switch between peripheral carbohydrate and lipid utilization.	Carbohydrates	42-54	agouti related neuropeptide	Homo sapiens	0-4
19828202-3	2009	The ABO blood groups are defined by the presence of specific carbohydrates expressed on the surface of red blood cells.	Carbohydrates	61-74	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	4-7
1377001-10	1992	These data indicate that cell surface receptor-galaptin interaction is carbohydrate specific whereas polystyrene-adsorbed galaptin may demonstrate protein-protein interactions with soluble ligands.	Carbohydrates	71-83	CD177 molecule	Homo sapiens	25-46
19702335-4	2009	BDNF changed the abundance of proteins involved in (i) Nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism, (ii) protein metabolism, (iii) carbohydrate metabolism, (iv) regulators of apoptosis, and (v) regulators of cell proliferation.	Carbohydrates	150-162	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	0-4
19491295-4	2009	While plasma FFA was modestly reduced (23%) and whole body carbohydrate metabolism increased in HSL(-/-) mice, resting glycogen storage was not compromised.	Carbohydrates	59-71	lipase, hormone sensitive	Mus musculus	96-99
19491295-7	2009	Carbohydrate oxidation was increased concomitantly during exercise in ATGL(-/-) and HSL(-/-) mice, resulting in more muscle and liver glycogen depletion.	Carbohydrates	0-12	lipase, hormone sensitive	Mus musculus	84-87
22956784-2	2012	We previously showed that addition of cholesterol to a diet rich in saturated fat and refined carbohydrate significantly worsens dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, adipose tissue macrophage accumulation, systemic inflammation, and atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-deficient (Ldlr(-/-)) mice.	Carbohydrates	94-106	low density lipoprotein receptor	Mus musculus	249-261
22956784-2	2012	We previously showed that addition of cholesterol to a diet rich in saturated fat and refined carbohydrate significantly worsens dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, adipose tissue macrophage accumulation, systemic inflammation, and atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-deficient (Ldlr(-/-)) mice.	Carbohydrates	94-106	low density lipoprotein receptor	Mus musculus	273-277
19594631-5	2009	Recent evidence also suggests a role of alpha2,3 sialylated carbohydrate determinants in triggering chemokine-mediated leukocyte arrest and influencing beta1 integrin function.	Carbohydrates	60-72	integrin subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	152-166
1377001-10	1992	These data indicate that cell surface receptor-galaptin interaction is carbohydrate specific whereas polystyrene-adsorbed galaptin may demonstrate protein-protein interactions with soluble ligands.	Carbohydrates	71-83	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	47-55
1737041-0	1992	Role of carbohydrate modification in the production and secretion of human granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor in genetically engineered and normal mesenchymal cells.	Carbohydrates	8-20	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	75-123
19247671-9	2009	Furthermore, the response of GCKR-like protein in liver of rainbow trout fed with a diet rich in carbohydrates was compared with the rat model under extreme glycemic conditions.	Carbohydrates	97-110	glucokinase regulator	Rattus norvegicus	29-33
22811543-4	2012	These CD8(+) T cells expressed a characteristic set of genes distinct from those of three separate control cell populations, and network and pathway analyses revealed that these T cells significantly upregulated antiviral genes such as GZMB, PRF1, INFG, IL-32, and LTA, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism-related genes such as GLUT-1, and chemotaxis and recruitment genes such as CCL5 and CCR1, suggesting a possible feedback mechanism for the recruitment of CD8(+) T cells to the site of infection.	Carbohydrates	270-282	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	6-9
22551950-10	2012	The low-fat high-complex carbohydrate diets reduced ATGL and HSL protein expression and significantly improved circulating lipids and insulin sensitivity.	Carbohydrates	25-37	lipase E, hormone sensitive type	Homo sapiens	61-64
22865109-1	2012	Immobilisation of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and glucose oxidase (GOX) via covalent attachment of modified enzyme carbohydrate to the exterior of the cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) capsid gave high retention of enzymatic activity.	Carbohydrates	116-128	hydroxyacid oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	68-71
1737041-3	1992	Previous studies have failed to detect a significant functional role for the carbohydrate modification characteristic of human GM-CSF.	Carbohydrates	77-89	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	127-133
18937645-4	2009	Metabolic labelling of the carbohydrates combined with glycosidase digestion reactions were utilized to show that the N-glycan of recombinant Kv3.1 protein was capped with an oligo/poly-sialyl unit.	Carbohydrates	27-40	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily C member 1	Homo sapiens	142-147
1737041-4	1992	Using permanent cell lines and transient expression systems which produce moderate to high levels of native or carbohydrate-deficient forms of the growth factor, the role of carbohydrate modification in the biosynthesis and secretion of GM-CSF was studied.	Carbohydrates	174-186	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	237-243
19275893-5	2009	Adipose tissue ALK7 expression correlated with several measures of body fat, carbohydrate metabolism and lipids.	Carbohydrates	77-89	activin A receptor type 1C	Homo sapiens	15-19
22728091-5	2012	Using a mouse model of muscle-eye-brain disease lacking functional protein O-mannose beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (POMGnT1), we show that RPTPzeta/phosphacan is shifted to a lower molecular weight and distinct carbohydrate epitopes normally detected on the protein are either absent or substantially reduced, including Human Natural Killer-1 (HNK-1) reactivity.	Carbohydrates	222-234	protein O-linked mannose beta 1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase	Mus musculus	127-134
1737041-5	1992	Unlike a number of other secreted glycoproteins, the transient time and secretory efficiency of several carbohydrate-deficient mutants of GM-CSF are indistinguishable from those of the native growth factor in BHK, 293, COS, and ldlD cells.	Carbohydrates	104-116	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	138-144
1371681-6	1992	These results indicate that cell-associated sialylated carbohydrate moieties can act as ligands for recombinant E-selectin.	Carbohydrates	55-67	selectin E	Homo sapiens	112-122
19337979-7	2009	In order to analyze Lsc3-produced FOS in underivatized form, we optimized a novel method recently introduced in carbohydrate research, based on fully automated chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI) high-capacity ion trap mass spectrometry (HCT-MS).	Carbohydrates	112-124	glycoside hydrolase family 68 protein	Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato str. DC3000	20-24
19249874-4	2009	Trimeric neck plus carbohydrate recognition domains from human SP-D (hNCRD) preferred alpha1-2-linked dimannose (DM) over the branched trimannose (TM) core, alpha1-3 or alpha1-6 DM, or D-mannose.	Carbohydrates	19-31	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	63-67
1280577-1	1992	Acarbose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, delays absorption of carbohydrate in the gut, thereby lowering postprandial glucose levels.	Carbohydrates	63-75	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	13-30
22867428-5	2012	In addition to networks that were similar between genotypes, one network with a central core of GPCR (G-protein-coupled receptor) and including biological functions such as carbohydrate metabolism, small molecule biochemistry and inflammation was identified in FVB mice but not in beta2KO mice.	Carbohydrates	173-185	G protein-coupled receptor 34	Mus musculus	102-128
1305688-1	1992	The ABO and Lewis blood group antigens are cell surface carbohydrate determinants formed by the sequential addition of saccharides to precursor backbone structures of membrane lipids and proteins.	Carbohydrates	56-68	fucosyltransferase 3 (Lewis blood group)	Homo sapiens	12-29
22743023-6	2012	High carbohydrate antigen 125 levels are closely related to the presence of serosal fluid and positively correlated with serum TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-10 levels in heart failure patients.	Carbohydrates	5-17	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	147-152
18996748-1	2009	Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), a pattern recognition innate immune molecule, selectively binds distinct chemical patterns, including carbohydrates expressed on Group B streptococcus (GBS).	Carbohydrates	132-145	mannose-binding lectin (protein C) 2	Mus musculus	24-27
1305688-1	1992	The ABO and Lewis blood group antigens are cell surface carbohydrate determinants formed by the sequential addition of saccharides to precursor backbone structures of membrane lipids and proteins.	Carbohydrates	119-130	fucosyltransferase 3 (Lewis blood group)	Homo sapiens	12-29
18952408-0	2009	Inductions of histone H3 acetylation at lysine 9 on SGLT1 gene and its expression by feeding mice a high carbohydrate/fat ratio diet.	Carbohydrates	105-117	solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucose cotransporter), member 1	Mus musculus	52-57
22894384-3	2012	In this study, we have carried out atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of a protein-carbohydrate complex formed between the hyaluronan binding domain of the murine Cd44 protein and the octasaccharide hyaluronan in explicit water.	Carbohydrates	89-101	CD44 antigen	Mus musculus	169-173
18952408-1	2009	OBJECTIVE: We examined in this study whether histone H3 acetylations on jejunal NA(+)/glucose transport-1 (SGLT1) gene are associated with induction of its gene by feeding mice a high carbohydrate/fat ratio diet.	Carbohydrates	184-196	solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucose cotransporter), member 1	Mus musculus	107-112
1717567-9	1991	The LAM-1 ligand on HEV and cytokine treated endothelium may be similar carbohydrate-containing molecules, because phosphomannan monoester core complex from yeast Hansenula hostii cell wall blocked binding of lymphocytes to both cell types, and identical epitopes on LAM-1-mediated lymphocyte attachment to HEV and activated endothelium.	Carbohydrates	72-84	selectin L	Homo sapiens	4-9
18952408-4	2009	CONCLUSION: These observations indicate that induction of SGLT1 gene expression by feeding a high carbohydrate/fat ratio diet is associated with acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 on the SGLT1 gene.	Carbohydrates	98-110	solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucose cotransporter), member 1	Mus musculus	58-63
18990700-7	2008	The collagenase-resistant fragment consisting of the neck plus the carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-D also was a very weak inhibitor of LPS activation.	Carbohydrates	67-79	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	102-106
1889717-10	1991	It was concluded that (a) the addition of yeast to finished wort and the following alcoholic fermentation are the essential steps for the stimulatory action of beer on gastric acid secretion and release of gastrin; (b) carbohydrate metabolites with a molecular weight of less than 1000 are the acid-stimulatory agents in fermented beer; and (c) gastrin is the mediator of the stimulation of acid secretion because all substances that had a potent acid-stimulatory action also were potent stimuli of gastrin release.	Carbohydrates	219-231	gastrin	Homo sapiens	345-352
18991397-0	2008	Pulmonary surfactant protein D binds MD-2 through the carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	54-66	lymphocyte antigen 96	Homo sapiens	37-41
18991397-8	2008	Anti-SP-D monoclonal antibody that recognizes the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of SP-D significantly inhibited the binding of SP-D to sMD-2, indicating the involvement of the CRD for the binding to sMD-2.	Carbohydrates	50-62	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	5-9
18991397-8	2008	Anti-SP-D monoclonal antibody that recognizes the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of SP-D significantly inhibited the binding of SP-D to sMD-2, indicating the involvement of the CRD for the binding to sMD-2.	Carbohydrates	50-62	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	91-95
18991397-8	2008	Anti-SP-D monoclonal antibody that recognizes the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of SP-D significantly inhibited the binding of SP-D to sMD-2, indicating the involvement of the CRD for the binding to sMD-2.	Carbohydrates	50-62	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	91-95
1889717-10	1991	It was concluded that (a) the addition of yeast to finished wort and the following alcoholic fermentation are the essential steps for the stimulatory action of beer on gastric acid secretion and release of gastrin; (b) carbohydrate metabolites with a molecular weight of less than 1000 are the acid-stimulatory agents in fermented beer; and (c) gastrin is the mediator of the stimulation of acid secretion because all substances that had a potent acid-stimulatory action also were potent stimuli of gastrin release.	Carbohydrates	219-231	gastrin	Homo sapiens	345-352
1716885-1	1991	Recently the lectin-like domain on ELAM-1 (endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1) was shown to recognize a carbohydrate antigen, sialyl Lewis x.	Carbohydrates	111-123	selectin E	Homo sapiens	35-41
18676435-4	2008	Six 5-day outpatient courses on carbohydrate counting and insulin dose adjustment were held.	Carbohydrates	32-44	SIX homeobox 5	Homo sapiens	0-5
1716885-1	1991	Recently the lectin-like domain on ELAM-1 (endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1) was shown to recognize a carbohydrate antigen, sialyl Lewis x.	Carbohydrates	111-123	selectin E	Homo sapiens	43-84
19000577-8	2008	Research on wild-type and mutant recombinant molecules in vivo and in vitro showed that SP-A and SP-D bind carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids with a broad-spectrum specificity and initiate phagocytosis of inhaled pathogens as well as apoptotic cells.	Carbohydrates	107-120	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	97-101
18782868-12	2008	We validated an effect of the fat to carbohydrate ratio for five genes (FABP4, NR3C1, SIRT3, FNTA, and GABARAPL2) with increased expression during the moderate-fat diet.	Carbohydrates	37-49	farnesyltransferase, CAAX box, alpha	Homo sapiens	93-97
18782868-12	2008	We validated an effect of the fat to carbohydrate ratio for five genes (FABP4, NR3C1, SIRT3, FNTA, and GABARAPL2) with increased expression during the moderate-fat diet.	Carbohydrates	37-49	GABA type A receptor associated protein like 2	Homo sapiens	103-112
1714447-0	1991	A carbohydrate domain common to both sialyl Le(a) and sialyl Le(X) is recognized by the endothelial cell leukocyte adhesion molecule ELAM-1.	Carbohydrates	2-14	selectin E	Homo sapiens	133-139
18566751-1	2008	A 30-kDa DBD glycoprotein, which consists of carbohydrate content (61%) and protein content (39%), is a naturally occurring phytoglycoprotein found in Dioscorea batatas Decne (DBD).	Carbohydrates	45-57	sin3 associated polypeptide	Mus musculus	2-8
1714447-1	1991	The specificity of endothelial cell leukocyte adhesion molecule-1, ELAM-1, for binding to a panel of carbohydrate structures was determined by a sensitive cell binding assay with immobilized synthetic glycoconjugates.	Carbohydrates	101-113	selectin E	Homo sapiens	67-73
1712483-0	1991	CD62 and endothelial cell-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1) recognize the same carbohydrate ligand, sialyl-Lewis x.	Carbohydrates	84-96	selectin P	Homo sapiens	0-4
18620419-3	2008	Binding takes place via the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of SP-D.	Carbohydrates	28-40	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	69-73
18439573-1	2008	Sperm CD52 GPI anchor and its derivatives containing different carbohydrate chains were prepared in a highly convergent fashion starting from the same properly protected phospholipidated pseudodisaccharide.	Carbohydrates	63-75	CD52 molecule	Homo sapiens	6-10
1712483-0	1991	CD62 and endothelial cell-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1) recognize the same carbohydrate ligand, sialyl-Lewis x.	Carbohydrates	84-96	selectin E	Homo sapiens	9-55
1712483-0	1991	CD62 and endothelial cell-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1) recognize the same carbohydrate ligand, sialyl-Lewis x.	Carbohydrates	84-96	selectin E	Homo sapiens	57-63
1712483-1	1991	The leukocyte receptor CD62, which is expressed on activated platelets and endothelial cells, is shown to mediate cell adhesion by binding a sialylated carbohydrate structure, sialyl-Lewis x, found on neutrophils, monocytes, and tumor cells.	Carbohydrates	152-164	selectin P	Homo sapiens	23-27
18448074-0	2008	Unlike mammalian GRIFIN, the zebrafish homologue (DrGRIFIN) represents a functional carbohydrate-binding galectin.	Carbohydrates	84-96	galectin-related inter-fiber protein	Danio rerio	50-58
1712790-9	1991	We conclude that LECAM-1 mediates lymphocyte binding to PNAd, an interaction that involves the lectin activity of LECAM-1 and carbohydrate determinants on the addressin.	Carbohydrates	126-138	selectin L	Homo sapiens	17-24
18448074-8	2008	Unlike the mammalian homologue, DrGRIFIN contains all amino acids critical for binding to carbohydrate ligands and its activity was confirmed as the recombinant DrGRIFIN could be purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography on a lactosyl-Sepharose column.	Carbohydrates	90-102	galectin-related inter-fiber protein	Danio rerio	32-40
18448074-8	2008	Unlike the mammalian homologue, DrGRIFIN contains all amino acids critical for binding to carbohydrate ligands and its activity was confirmed as the recombinant DrGRIFIN could be purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography on a lactosyl-Sepharose column.	Carbohydrates	90-102	galectin-related inter-fiber protein	Danio rerio	161-169
18448074-9	2008	Therefore, DrGRIFIN is a bona fide galectin family member that in addition to its carbohydrate-binding properties, may also function as a crystallin.	Carbohydrates	82-94	galectin-related inter-fiber protein	Danio rerio	11-19
1712791-4	1991	The binding of PPME or fucoidin, soluble complex carbohydrates that specifically define the lectin activity of LAM-1 and MEL-14, required only the lectin domain of LAM-1.	Carbohydrates	49-62	selectin L	Homo sapiens	111-116
1682045-8	1991	These results indicated that rgp 160 behaves as a N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-binding protein for GlcNAc residues presented at high density on a carrier, the carbohydrate-binding site of which is close to, or located on the V3 region of gp 120.	Carbohydrates	159-171	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	238-244
20408681-1	2008	Lactoferrin (LF) produced from recombinant technologies can achieve almost identical amino acid sequences and three-dimensional structures to those extracted from mammals, but differences often arise in the carbohydrate chains attached through N-glycosylation, with altered sizes, structures, and chemical nature.	Carbohydrates	207-219	RLF zinc finger	Rattus norvegicus	13-15
20408681-7	2008	The rLF meting point in 1 mg/ml aqueous solution (pH 7 phosphate buffer, I=20 mM) was 43 degrees C from dynamic light scattering, compared to 53 degrees C for hLF, exhibiting the enhanced solvation and stability of hLF due to its longer carbohydrate side chains.	Carbohydrates	237-249	RLF zinc finger	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
1851822-1	1991	Sialyl Tn antigen (NeuAc alpha 2----6GalNac alpha 1----0-Ser/Thr [STN]) with antigenic specificity in the core structure of mucin-type carbohydrate chains has been determined.	Carbohydrates	135-147	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 2	Homo sapiens	66-69
18316333-7	2008	Here we provide evidence of the possibility of external modulation of the affinity of placental IGF1R and IR via interactions of the receptors" carbohydrate moieties with lectins.	Carbohydrates	144-156	insulin like growth factor 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	96-101
1851822-2	1991	In the present study, we evaluated the clinical significance of this new carbohydrate antigen, STN, in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.	Carbohydrates	73-85	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 2	Homo sapiens	95-98
18189317-1	2008	We showed previously that the addition to cultured oligodendrocytes (OLs) of multivalent carbohydrate in the form of liposomes containing the two major glycosphingolipids (GSLs) of myelin, galactosylceramide (GalC) and cerebroside sulfate (Sulf), or galactose conjugated to bovine serum albumin caused clustering of GalC on the extracellular surface and myelin basic protein (MBP) on the cytosolic surface.	Carbohydrates	89-101	galactosylceramidase	Homo sapiens	209-213
1828514-5	1991	For example, the carbohydrate determinants recognized by MT2 (CD45RA) and 2B11 (CD45) were not or were very weakly expressed on germinal center cells, whereas the carbohydrate determinant recognized by MT3 (CD45RB) was not expressed on the majority of mantle zone B cells.	Carbohydrates	17-29	metallothionein 2A	Homo sapiens	57-60
18189317-1	2008	We showed previously that the addition to cultured oligodendrocytes (OLs) of multivalent carbohydrate in the form of liposomes containing the two major glycosphingolipids (GSLs) of myelin, galactosylceramide (GalC) and cerebroside sulfate (Sulf), or galactose conjugated to bovine serum albumin caused clustering of GalC on the extracellular surface and myelin basic protein (MBP) on the cytosolic surface.	Carbohydrates	89-101	galactosylceramidase	Homo sapiens	316-320
18421154-4	2008	Saccharide-trimmed human MD-2 crystallizes in the tetragonal form with apparent Laue symmetry of 4/mmm, and diffraction intensities from these crystals indicate crystal twinning.	Carbohydrates	0-10	lymphocyte antigen 96	Homo sapiens	25-29
1891065-5	1991	Here, we report the identification of another NCAM isoform of 95 kDa that is apparent on tissues following either N-glycanase or neuraminidase treatment to remove carbohydrate and sialic acid residues from the molecule respectively.	Carbohydrates	163-175	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	46-50
1914073-8	1991	For example, some adenocarcinoma cell lines express the complex carbohydrate (sialyl Lewis x) recently shown to be a ligand for ELAM-1.	Carbohydrates	64-76	selectin E	Homo sapiens	128-134
18328444-0	2008	AIP1, a carbohydrate fraction from Artemisia iwayomogi, modulates the functional differentiation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells.	Carbohydrates	8-20	membrane associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain containing 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
18328444-4	2008	We investigated suppressive effects of carbohydrate fraction 1 from the water extracts of A. iwayomogi (AIP1) on the differentiation and function of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells.	Carbohydrates	39-51	membrane associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain containing 2	Homo sapiens	104-108
1707933-8	1991	Because mAb YH206 recognized the carbohydrate on YH206 Ag as well as the peptide on mAb AI206, the conformation on F(ab) of mAb AI206 may mimic the carbohydrate structure on YH206 Ag.	Carbohydrates	33-45	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	115-120
17618104-0	2008	The effect of dietary carbohydrate on genes for fatty acid synthase and inflammatory cytokines in adipose tissues from lean and obese subjects.	Carbohydrates	22-34	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	48-67
1707933-8	1991	Because mAb YH206 recognized the carbohydrate on YH206 Ag as well as the peptide on mAb AI206, the conformation on F(ab) of mAb AI206 may mimic the carbohydrate structure on YH206 Ag.	Carbohydrates	148-160	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	115-120
18156362-12	2008	Stepwise regression indicated that the fluctuation in plasma ghrelin was correlated weakly with hormones and metabolites indicative of nutritional status as well as end products of carbohydrate fermentation in the rumen.	Carbohydrates	181-193	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Bos taurus	61-68
1655069-1	1991	It is known that human ceruloplasmin (CP) is made up of several isoforms which differ by the structure of their carbohydrate fragment.	Carbohydrates	112-124	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	23-36
17960181-7	2008	IgM anti-Dsg1 epitopes are Ca2+ and carbohydrate-independent.	Carbohydrates	36-48	desmoglein 1	Homo sapiens	9-13
22711492-0	2012	Mobility study of individual residue sites in the carbohydrate recognition domain of LSECtin using SDSL-EPR technique.	Carbohydrates	50-62	C-type lectin domain family 4 member G	Homo sapiens	85-92
1655069-1	1991	It is known that human ceruloplasmin (CP) is made up of several isoforms which differ by the structure of their carbohydrate fragment.	Carbohydrates	112-124	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	38-40
22711492-2	2012	With site-directed spin labeling (SDSL)-electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, we investigated the mobility features of individual residue sites in the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of LSECtin, a type II integral membrane protein.	Carbohydrates	165-177	C-type lectin domain family 4 member G	Homo sapiens	206-213
1655069-2	1991	One of these isoforms, CP1, which makes up to approximately 40% of the native CP molecule and which contains a carbohydrate fragment, [formula: see text] is specifically bound to human erythrocyte (ER) receptors.	Carbohydrates	111-123	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	23-25
1652426-0	1991	Interaction of zona pellucida glycoproteins, sulphated carbohydrates and synthetic polymers with proacrosin, the putative egg-binding protein from mammalian spermatozoa.	Carbohydrates	55-68	acrosin	Homo sapiens	97-107
22977866-2	2012	In induced pregnancy, changes of different degree in the expression of carbohydrate metabolism markers were detected (most pronounced changes were detected in GLUT3 expression), which was probably associated with higher incidence of obstetrician complications in these patients.	Carbohydrates	71-83	solute carrier family 2 member 3	Homo sapiens	159-164
17998569-2	2008	The epitopes of ABH antigens are carried by at least four different peripheral core isotypes of internal carbohydrate backbones (type 1-4).	Carbohydrates	105-117	alkB homolog 1, histone H2A dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	16-19
18218972-0	2008	Tie-dyed2 functions with tie-dyed1 to promote carbohydrate export from maize leaves.	Carbohydrates	46-58	predicted GPI-anchored protein 58	Zea mays	25-34
2065857-4	1991	We have examined the in vivo effects of rat amylin, amidated at the carboxy-terminus, on insulin-mediated carbohydrate metabolism in conscious rats, using the hyperinsulinaemic (+/- 1 nmol/l) euglycaemic (6 mmol/l) clamp technique combined with [3-3H]-glucose infusion.	Carbohydrates	106-118	islet amyloid polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	44-50
18374124-2	2008	However, Galalpha1,3Gal (Gal) determinant elimination may expose cryptic carbohydrate antigens and/or generate new antigens that might interfere with the human immune response.	Carbohydrates	73-85	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	9-23
18374124-2	2008	However, Galalpha1,3Gal (Gal) determinant elimination may expose cryptic carbohydrate antigens and/or generate new antigens that might interfere with the human immune response.	Carbohydrates	73-85	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	9-12
22415324-1	2012	Chromogranin A (CgA), a secretory protein expressed by many neuroendocrine cells, neurons, cardiomyocytes, and keratinocytes, is the precursor of various peptides that regulate the carbohydrate/lipid metabolism and the cardiovascular system.	Carbohydrates	181-193	chromogranin A	Mus musculus	0-14
22415324-1	2012	Chromogranin A (CgA), a secretory protein expressed by many neuroendocrine cells, neurons, cardiomyocytes, and keratinocytes, is the precursor of various peptides that regulate the carbohydrate/lipid metabolism and the cardiovascular system.	Carbohydrates	181-193	chromogranin A	Mus musculus	16-19
18239646-7	2008	Mediator analyses revealed a borderline association of MC4R 103I with carbohydrate intake (OR = 1.26, P = 0.059) possibly mediating association with leanness.	Carbohydrates	70-82	melanocortin 4 receptor	Homo sapiens	55-59
22824213-1	2012	BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Sirtuin 1, encoded by the SIRT1 gene, is an emerging modulator of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and may also influence the differentiation of bone cells.	Carbohydrates	87-99	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	21-30
1860739-9	1991	However, carbohydrate composition may have an effect on the gGH response to exercise.	Carbohydrates	9-21	gamma-glutamyl hydrolase	Homo sapiens	60-63
22824213-1	2012	BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Sirtuin 1, encoded by the SIRT1 gene, is an emerging modulator of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and may also influence the differentiation of bone cells.	Carbohydrates	87-99	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	47-52
22543712-3	2012	Metabolic changes in AAA patients were mainly related to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and many of these changes can be associated with a situation of insulin resistance (which can be related to metabolic syndrome) together with altered amino acid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	57-69	AAA1	Homo sapiens	21-24
18271619-6	2008	These data argue that FUT2 and other genes encoding enzymes that regulate processing of the HBGA carbohydrates function as susceptibility alleles.	Carbohydrates	97-110	hemoglobin subunit gamma 1	Homo sapiens	92-96
18271619-15	2008	These data suggest that the GII.4 noroviruses persist by altering their HBGA carbohydrate-binding targets over time, which not only allows for escape from highly penetrant host susceptibility alleles, but simultaneously allows for immune-driven selection in the receptor-binding region to facilitate escape from protective herd immunity.	Carbohydrates	77-89	hemoglobin subunit gamma 1	Homo sapiens	72-76
18271619-17	2008	Variation in the capsid carbohydrate-binding domain is tolerated because of the large repertoire of similar, yet distinct HBGA carbohydrate receptors available on mucosal surfaces that could interface with the remodeled architecture of the capsid ligand-binding pocket.	Carbohydrates	24-36	hemoglobin subunit gamma 1	Homo sapiens	122-126
17984090-2	2008	To compare the sugar and pathogen binding properties of LSECtin with those of related but more extensively characterized receptors, such as DC-SIGN, a soluble fragment of LSECtin consisting of the C-terminal carbohydrate-recognition domain has been expressed in bacteria.	Carbohydrates	208-220	C-type lectin domain family 4 member G	Homo sapiens	171-178
1705959-0	1991	Characterization of the carbohydrate chain on the substance P receptor in the rat brain cortex: effect of lectins on [3H]substance P binding.	Carbohydrates	24-36	tachykinin receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-70
18334732-6	2008	However, the binding patterns of both N- and O-linked glycan-reactive lectins indicated distinct differences in carbohydrate composition between CA125 antigen isolated from amniotic fluid and OVCAR-3 cell line.	Carbohydrates	112-124	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	145-150
18222350-5	2008	The TfR-IgA1 interaction is dependent on carbohydrate moieties because hypoglycosylated IgA1 has superior binding to TfR than normally glycosylated IgA1.	Carbohydrates	41-53	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1	Homo sapiens	8-12
18222350-5	2008	The TfR-IgA1 interaction is dependent on carbohydrate moieties because hypoglycosylated IgA1 has superior binding to TfR than normally glycosylated IgA1.	Carbohydrates	41-53	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1	Homo sapiens	88-92
1705959-1	1991	The characteristics of the carbohydrate chain on the rat cerebral cortical substance P (SP) receptor were studied.	Carbohydrates	27-39	tachykinin receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	75-100
18222350-5	2008	The TfR-IgA1 interaction is dependent on carbohydrate moieties because hypoglycosylated IgA1 has superior binding to TfR than normally glycosylated IgA1.	Carbohydrates	41-53	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1	Homo sapiens	88-92
22215046-5	2012	The cesa5 knockout lines were tested for cellulose deficiency using carbohydrate-binding module affinity cytochemistry and the morphology of the leafy gametophores was analyzed by 3D reconstruction of confocal images.	Carbohydrates	68-80	cesA5	Physcomitrella patens	4-9
1705959-6	1991	The present results suggest that the rat cortical SP receptor has either a biantennary complex-type or a high mannose-type of carbohydrate chain, and that the carbohydrate chain is implicated in the SP binding activity of the SP receptor system.	Carbohydrates	126-138	tachykinin receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-61
1705959-6	1991	The present results suggest that the rat cortical SP receptor has either a biantennary complex-type or a high mannose-type of carbohydrate chain, and that the carbohydrate chain is implicated in the SP binding activity of the SP receptor system.	Carbohydrates	126-138	tachykinin receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	226-237
22460826-4	2012	We carried out atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of an aqueous solution of the protein-carbohydrate complex formed between the hyaluronan binding domain (HABD) of the murine Cd44 protein and the octasaccharide hyaluronan (HA(8)).	Carbohydrates	99-111	CD44 antigen	Mus musculus	186-190
17989225-2	2007	Here, we generated mice with an inactivation mutation of the MC2R gene to elucidate the roles of MC2R in adrenal development, steroidogenesis, and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	147-159	melanocortin 2 receptor	Mus musculus	61-65
1705959-6	1991	The present results suggest that the rat cortical SP receptor has either a biantennary complex-type or a high mannose-type of carbohydrate chain, and that the carbohydrate chain is implicated in the SP binding activity of the SP receptor system.	Carbohydrates	159-171	tachykinin receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-61
1705959-6	1991	The present results suggest that the rat cortical SP receptor has either a biantennary complex-type or a high mannose-type of carbohydrate chain, and that the carbohydrate chain is implicated in the SP binding activity of the SP receptor system.	Carbohydrates	159-171	tachykinin receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	226-237
1850091-3	1991	The observation that amiloride analogs as well as monovalent cations can modulate adrenergic ligand binding to the nonglycosylated alpha 2B subtype indicates that charge shielding due to carbohydrate moieties does not play a role in this allosteric modulation but, rather, these regulatory effects result from interactions of cations and amiloride analogs with the protein moiety of the receptor.	Carbohydrates	187-199	adrenergic receptor, alpha 2b	Mus musculus	131-139
17628825-10	2007	TPS1-TPS2 overexpressor lines were glucose insensitive, consistent with a suggested role of trehalose/T6P in modulating sugar sensing and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	138-150	alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (UDP-forming) TPS1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-4
17628825-10	2007	TPS1-TPS2 overexpressor lines were glucose insensitive, consistent with a suggested role of trehalose/T6P in modulating sugar sensing and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	138-150	trehalose-phosphatase TPS2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	5-9
23184744-5	2012	This work studies the interaction between carbohydrate functionalized gold-coated magnetite nanoparticles and C33 tumoural human cells as the first step towards the in vivo application of these nanoparticles.	Carbohydrates	42-54	CD82 molecule	Homo sapiens	110-113
22179860-11	2012	DNA microarray analysis showed that genes involved in colanic acid biosynthesis are up-regulated in the absence of salt stress, whereas carbohydrate metabolic genes are differentially expressed under NaCl stress when comparing MT6 to WT.	Carbohydrates	136-148	protease, serine 33	Mus musculus	227-230
2055602-0	1991	Antigenic studies on an enzymatically sialylated carbohydrate: NeuAc(alpha 2-3)Gal(beta 1-3)[GlcNAc(beta 1-6)]GalNAc.	Carbohydrates	49-61	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 beta 2 pseudogene 2	Homo sapiens	83-91
22587744-1	2012	The authors investigated the prognostic relevance of serum carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) levels in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NICMP) and assessed whether increased levels relate to the degree of functional mitral regurgitation (FMR).	Carbohydrates	59-71	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	85-90
17851534-5	2007	The glycogen-binding domain in the beta-subunit (Sip2) interacts with Snf4 in the heterotrimer but should still be able to bind carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	128-141	Sip2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	49-53
17609270-2	2007	This method is based on enzymatic engineering of carbohydrate chains on virus envelope hemagglutinin to carry the alpha-Gal epitope (Gal alpha 1-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc-R).	Carbohydrates	49-61	glycoprotein galactosyltransferase alpha 1, 3	Mus musculus	114-123
1742419-2	1991	The terminal part of carbohydrate structures carried on oral epithelial cells often expresses antigens of the ABO and Lewis blood group systems.	Carbohydrates	21-33	fucosyltransferase 3 (Lewis blood group)	Homo sapiens	118-135
17609270-7	2007	Synthesis of alpha-Gal epitopes on carbohydrate chains of PR8 virus (PR8(alpha gal)) was catalyzed by recombinant alpha1,3GT, the glycosylation enzyme that synthesizes alpha-Gal epitopes in cells of nonprimate mammals.	Carbohydrates	35-47	glycoprotein galactosyltransferase alpha 1, 3	Mus musculus	13-22
21193293-0	2012	Perilipin polymorphism interacts with saturated fat and carbohydrates to modulate insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	56-69	perilipin 1	Homo sapiens	0-9
21193293-2	2012	We aimed to investigate a previously demonstrated saturated fat and carbohydrate interaction for insulin resistance for perilipin (PLIN1), a regulator of adipocyte metabolism.	Carbohydrates	68-80	perilipin 1	Homo sapiens	120-129
21193293-2	2012	We aimed to investigate a previously demonstrated saturated fat and carbohydrate interaction for insulin resistance for perilipin (PLIN1), a regulator of adipocyte metabolism.	Carbohydrates	68-80	perilipin 1	Homo sapiens	131-136
21193293-4	2012	In multivariable linear regression models, we found an interaction (P &lt; 0.05) between the ratio of saturated fat to carbohydrate intake as a continuous variable and PLIN1 11482G &gt; A for HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) in women.	Carbohydrates	119-131	perilipin 1	Homo sapiens	168-173
17400357-6	2007	The Fuc residue found in glycopeptides G1 and G3 is attached to N-acetyl-glucosamine of the carbohydrate core, as often found in other glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	92-104	proline rich protein BstNI subfamily 3	Homo sapiens	39-48
1815967-7	1991	Breath hydrogen concentration increased gradually, indicating slight but significant carbohydrate malabsorption after the highest dose of the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor.	Carbohydrates	85-97	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	142-159
17493687-3	2007	In these studies, we compared carbohydrate-dependent binding of mouse plasma MBL-A and MBL-C to mannan-sepharose beads and to intact bacteria isolated as pathogens from mice.	Carbohydrates	30-42	mannose-binding lectin (protein A) 1	Mus musculus	77-82
17493687-3	2007	In these studies, we compared carbohydrate-dependent binding of mouse plasma MBL-A and MBL-C to mannan-sepharose beads and to intact bacteria isolated as pathogens from mice.	Carbohydrates	30-42	mannose-binding lectin (protein C) 2	Mus musculus	87-92
22326225-0	2012	The Scap/SREBP pathway is essential for developing diabetic fatty liver and carbohydrate-induced hypertriglyceridemia in animals.	Carbohydrates	76-88	SREBF chaperone	Mus musculus	4-8
1784628-3	1991	This effect was dose-dependent and confined to the first carbohydrate load in the morning, thus indicating the duration of alpha-glucosidase inhibition of less than 4 h. Sucrose malabsorption, indicated by breath hydrogen responses, occurred dose-dependently with 50 and 100 mg, but not with 25 mg of miglitol.	Carbohydrates	57-69	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	123-140
22035380-1	2012	Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a protein able to bind to carbohydrate patterns on pathogen membranes; upon MBL binding, its" associated serine protease MBL-associated serine protease type 2 (MASP2) is autoactivated, promoting the activation of complement via the lectin pathway.	Carbohydrates	58-70	MBL associated serine protease 2	Homo sapiens	153-190
22035380-1	2012	Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a protein able to bind to carbohydrate patterns on pathogen membranes; upon MBL binding, its" associated serine protease MBL-associated serine protease type 2 (MASP2) is autoactivated, promoting the activation of complement via the lectin pathway.	Carbohydrates	58-70	MBL associated serine protease 2	Homo sapiens	192-197
22200052-2	2012	The outer cell wall component on pathogenic fungi consists of beta-1,3-glucan, and Dectin-1, a pattern recognition receptor present on the cell surface of innate immune cells, binds specifically to this carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	203-215	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	62-70
17164487-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: To assess whether circulating levels of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) predict subsequent 6-month all-cause mortality in patients after the index hospitalisation for acute heart failure (HF).	Carbohydrates	51-63	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	77-82
2249985-3	1990	In order to compare the binding specificity of MBP-C, an expression system has been developed for production of a fragment of this protein which contains the COOH-terminal carbohydrate-recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	172-184	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	47-52
17407191-6	2007	These results lend further support to the idea that polymorphic carbohydrates of the Gal alpha1,3Gal/ABO type serve as important targets for NAb and C" and that their expression on virus has influenced their evolution by contributing to protection against viral transmission within as well as between species.	Carbohydrates	64-77	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	89-104
17259190-5	2007	Thus, the algal lectin was strictly specific for HM N-glycans and recognized the extended carbohydrate structure with a minimum size of the pentasaccharide, Man(alpha1-3)Man(alpha1-6)Man(beta1-4)GlcNAc(beta1-4) GlcNAc.	Carbohydrates	90-102	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	187-194
17259190-5	2007	Thus, the algal lectin was strictly specific for HM N-glycans and recognized the extended carbohydrate structure with a minimum size of the pentasaccharide, Man(alpha1-3)Man(alpha1-6)Man(beta1-4)GlcNAc(beta1-4) GlcNAc.	Carbohydrates	90-102	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	202-209
22144173-7	2012	In the liver and muscle, c9 t11 CLA improved metabolic flexibility through co-ordination between carbohydrate and energy metabolism.	Carbohydrates	97-109	clasper	Mus musculus	32-35
1699666-0	1990	PADGEM-dependent adhesion of platelets to monocytes and neutrophils is mediated by a lineage-specific carbohydrate, LNF III (CD15).	Carbohydrates	102-114	selectin P	Homo sapiens	0-6
22339867-0	2012	AMP-activated protein kinase beta-subunit requires internal motion for optimal carbohydrate binding.	Carbohydrates	79-91	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-41
17382393-2	2007	Five common functional polymorphisms have recently been identified in the FCN2 gene which encodes L-ficolin: three promoter polymorphisms (at positions -986, -602 and -4) which affect serum L-ficolin concentration, and two non-synonymous polymorphisms (Thr236Met and Ala258Ser) which influence carbohydrate binding.	Carbohydrates	294-306	ficolin 2	Homo sapiens	74-78
17382393-2	2007	Five common functional polymorphisms have recently been identified in the FCN2 gene which encodes L-ficolin: three promoter polymorphisms (at positions -986, -602 and -4) which affect serum L-ficolin concentration, and two non-synonymous polymorphisms (Thr236Met and Ala258Ser) which influence carbohydrate binding.	Carbohydrates	294-306	ficolin 2	Homo sapiens	98-107
1699667-2	1990	ELAM-1, a member of the LEC-CAM family of cell adhesion molecules, expresses an N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) homologous to various calcium-dependent mammalian lectins.	Carbohydrates	91-103	selectin E	Homo sapiens	0-6
22080095-6	2012	RESULTS: Our study demonstrated that in vitro, MBL binds to pdmH1N1 and H9N2/G1 viruses, likely via the carbohydrate recognition domain of MBL.	Carbohydrates	104-116	mannose-binding lectin (protein C) 2	Mus musculus	47-50
1699667-6	1990	We propose that specific alpha(1,3)fucosyltransferases regulate cell adhesion to ELAM-1 by modulating cell surface expression of one or more alpha(2,3)sialylated, alpha(1,3)fucosylated lactosaminoglycans represented by the sialyl Lewis x carbohydrate determinant.	Carbohydrates	238-250	selectin E	Homo sapiens	81-87
22080095-6	2012	RESULTS: Our study demonstrated that in vitro, MBL binds to pdmH1N1 and H9N2/G1 viruses, likely via the carbohydrate recognition domain of MBL.	Carbohydrates	104-116	mannose-binding lectin (protein C) 2	Mus musculus	139-142
1964048-2	1990	The difference is due to a significant change in the carbohydrate moiety of p-CP the major proportion of which (65%) does not contain mannose and acetylglucosamine residues.	Carbohydrates	53-65	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	78-80
23284747-5	2012	Analysis of energy expenditure revealed that HFD-fed Ogg1(-/-) mice have a higher resting VCO(2) and consequently, an increased respiratory quotient during the resting phase, indicating a preference for carbohydrate metabolism over fat oxidation in these mice.	Carbohydrates	203-215	8-oxoguanine DNA-glycosylase 1	Mus musculus	53-57
1978704-14	1990	gingivalis antibody responses occur in PD when compared with healthy individuals and protein and lipid-carbohydrate antigens of B. gingivalis induce distinct patterns of antigen-specific IgG and IgA subclass responses.	Carbohydrates	103-115	immunoglobulin heavy variable 4-38-2-like	Homo sapiens	195-198
23272038-3	2012	OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze serum ZAG concentration and its relationship with carbohydrate metabolism in pregnant women and its influence on fetal growth.	Carbohydrates	98-110	alpha-2-glycoprotein 1, zinc-binding	Homo sapiens	54-57
21343902-9	2011	CONCLUSIONS: In healthy Pima Indians with NGR, higher plasma iAUC during an OGTT predicted lower food intake and carbohydrate consumption and less weight gain.	Carbohydrates	113-125	reticulon 4 receptor	Homo sapiens	42-45
22101769-4	2011	In conjunction with a carrier protein-derived peptide, this carbohydrate epitope binds major histocompatibility class II (MHCII) and stimulates carbohydrate-specific CD4(+) T cell clones to produce interleukins 2 and 4-cytokines essential for providing T cell help to antibody-producing B cells.	Carbohydrates	60-72	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	166-169
2249730-7	1990	Embryonic RPE N-CAM contains the sulfated carbohydrate recognized by the HNK-1 antibody, but this epitope was not present on N-CAM synthesized by cultured RPE cells.	Carbohydrates	42-54	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-19
1976708-6	1990	260,000 form was restricted to IEL, was distinct from the B220 molecule, and was the only CD45 isoform that expressed the CD45-associated carbohydrate differentiation Ag CT1.	Carbohydrates	138-150	protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, C	Mus musculus	90-94
22101769-4	2011	In conjunction with a carrier protein-derived peptide, this carbohydrate epitope binds major histocompatibility class II (MHCII) and stimulates carbohydrate-specific CD4(+) T cell clones to produce interleukins 2 and 4-cytokines essential for providing T cell help to antibody-producing B cells.	Carbohydrates	144-156	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	166-169
22101769-6	2011	Our discovery of how glycoconjugates are processed resulting in presentation of carbohydrate epitopes that stimulate CD4(+) T cells has key implications for glycoconjugate vaccine design that could result in greatly enhanced vaccine efficacy.	Carbohydrates	80-92	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	117-120
1976708-6	1990	260,000 form was restricted to IEL, was distinct from the B220 molecule, and was the only CD45 isoform that expressed the CD45-associated carbohydrate differentiation Ag CT1.	Carbohydrates	138-150	protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, C	Mus musculus	122-126
2118158-8	1990	These carbohydrates are likely to execute the functions of M1/69-J11d Ag, which could be specialized to each cell type as a consequence of differential glycosylation.	Carbohydrates	6-19	cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 1, CNS	Mus musculus	59-64
21917589-3	2011	An EDEM1 deletion mutant lacking most of the carbohydrate-recognition domain also accelerated ERAD, delivering the substrate to XTP3-B and OS9.	Carbohydrates	45-57	endoplasmic reticulum lectin 1	Homo sapiens	128-134
2165493-9	1990	Indeed, quantitative studies in HepG2 cells supported this contention as the continued formation of complex carbohydrate units (50% of control) during CST inhibition could be accounted for by the deglucosylation effected by endomannosidase.	Carbohydrates	108-120	mannosidase endo-alpha	Homo sapiens	224-239
21999454-4	2011	PDK1 interacted with dietary fat for both colon and rectal cancer and with dietary carbohydrates for colon cancer.	Carbohydrates	83-96	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
21999454-5	2011	Statistically significant interaction with dietary carbohydrates and rectal cancer was detected by haplotype analysis of PDK1.	Carbohydrates	51-64	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1	Homo sapiens	121-125
2276502-0	1990	Carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism in the A10 vascular smooth muscle cell line.	Carbohydrates	0-12	immunoglobulin kappa variable 6D-21 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	46-49
21675947-8	2011	Summarizing, our data showed a relaxant effect of PAL in isolated rat aorta rings in presence of endothelium, suggestive of interaction between the lectin carbohydrate binding sites with specific receptors located in vascular endothelial cells leading to nitric oxide synthase activation.	Carbohydrates	155-167	leucine-rich repeat, Ig-like and transmembrane domains 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-53
22332540-0	2011	[Effects of the beta2-adrenergic receptor Gln27Glu variation on changes of serum lipid and apolipoprotein ratios induced by a high-carbohydrate/low-fat diet in healthy youth].	Carbohydrates	131-143	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	16-41
2385230-8	1990	The nonadditivity of sequential treatments with the two exoglycosidases suggests, a heterogeneous population of A2AR containing either complex- or high mannose-type carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	165-177	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	112-116
22332540-1	2011	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of the Gln27Glu polymorphism of beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2AR) on serum lipid and apolipoprotein ratios and its interaction with high-carbohydrate/low-fat (HC/LF) diet on the ratios in healthy youth.	Carbohydrates	177-189	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	70-95
22332540-1	2011	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of the Gln27Glu polymorphism of beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2AR) on serum lipid and apolipoprotein ratios and its interaction with high-carbohydrate/low-fat (HC/LF) diet on the ratios in healthy youth.	Carbohydrates	177-189	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	97-104
21771787-1	2011	Human natural killer-1 (HNK-1) carbohydrate is highly expressed in the nervous system and is involved in synaptic plasticity and dendritic spine maturation.	Carbohydrates	31-43	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	24-29
21771787-10	2011	These results indicate that the specific enzyme complex of beta4GalT-II with GlcAT-P plays an important role in the biosynthesis of HNK-1 carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	138-150	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	77-84
21771787-10	2011	These results indicate that the specific enzyme complex of beta4GalT-II with GlcAT-P plays an important role in the biosynthesis of HNK-1 carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	138-150	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	132-137
2385230-9	1990	These data suggest the A2AR is a Mr 45,000 glycoprotein with a single carbohydrate chain of either the complex or high mannose type.	Carbohydrates	70-82	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	23-27
2207070-6	1990	These findings which are in agreement with earlier reports suggest that the carbohydrate moiety of beta 2I possesses more bi- than tri-antennas, probably three of the former and two of the latter carbohydrate units.	Carbohydrates	76-88	proteasome 20S subunit beta 10	Homo sapiens	99-106
21768335-0	2011	Unique carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions are required for high affinity binding between FcgammaRIII and antibodies lacking core fucose.	Carbohydrates	7-19	Fc gamma receptor IIIa	Homo sapiens	93-104
21768335-0	2011	Unique carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions are required for high affinity binding between FcgammaRIII and antibodies lacking core fucose.	Carbohydrates	20-32	Fc gamma receptor IIIa	Homo sapiens	93-104
2207070-6	1990	These findings which are in agreement with earlier reports suggest that the carbohydrate moiety of beta 2I possesses more bi- than tri-antennas, probably three of the former and two of the latter carbohydrate units.	Carbohydrates	196-208	proteasome 20S subunit beta 10	Homo sapiens	99-106
21550991-6	2011	Overexpression of GlcT-1 increases stored nutrition (triacylglycerol and carbohydrate) levels.	Carbohydrates	73-85	Glucosylceramide synthase	Drosophila melanogaster	18-24
2114451-7	1990	The present evidence for differential effects on intracellular tyrosinase transfer and melanization by different stages of carbohydrate processing inhibition suggests that asparagine-linked oligosaccharides, relating to the first mannose-trimming stages, determine the function of tyrosinase transfer as well as melanization through a specific intracellular recognition process in pigment cells.	Carbohydrates	123-135	tyrosinase	Mus musculus	63-73
21765814-7	2011	These variants have reduced binding to carbohydrates of GPIbalpha.	Carbohydrates	39-52	glycoprotein Ib platelet subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	56-65
21489996-2	2011	N-Linked glycosylation of the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of pSP-D contributes to the high affinity of this collectin for IAV.	Carbohydrates	30-42	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	71-76
21474539-4	2011	Luciferase reporter gene assays using the MIG12 gene promoter revealed the existence of a LXR-responsive element (LXRE) and carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP)-responsive element named LXRE3 and carbohydrate response element 1, respectively.	Carbohydrates	124-136	MID1 interacting protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	42-47
21464442-8	2011	RESULTS: Flies with partial loss-of-function of insulin pathway genes have significantly reduced body weight, higher total lipid content, and sometimes elevated carbohydrate levels.	Carbohydrates	161-173	Insulin-like receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	48-55
21084064-1	2011	3G11 is a sialylated carbohydrate epitope of the disialoganglioside molecule expressed on mouse CD4(+) T cells.	Carbohydrates	21-33	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	96-99
21470685-7	2011	Mac-1-dependent, but not Mac-1-independent, transmigration was significantly reduced in the presence of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine and d-mannose, the saccharides that disrupt uPAR/Mac-1 association, but was unaffected in the presence of control saccharides (d-sorbitol and sucrose).	Carbohydrates	146-157	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	0-5
21334791-5	2011	These results suggest that the hydrophilic cavity of tyrosinase might accommodate the bulky carbohydrate on the bibenzyl scaffold.	Carbohydrates	92-104	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	53-63
20963503-11	2011	These results indicate that the gene polymorphism at the residue 223 in the carbohydrate recognition domain of SFTPA2 may be a genetic marker for the development of AR in the adult Chinese Han population.	Carbohydrates	76-88	surfactant protein A2	Homo sapiens	111-117
21666962-4	2011	They compose the nuclear receptor superfamily and there are in three isoforms (PPARalpha,PPARbeta/delta and PPARgamma), which play an important role in the regulation of the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.	Carbohydrates	188-201	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens	89-97
21226491-5	2011	We therefore predicted that CTB would recognize carbohydrate-conjugated iron oxide nanoparticles as GM1 mimics, thus producing a detectable change in the T2 relaxation times.	Carbohydrates	48-60	phosphate cytidylyltransferase 1B, choline	Homo sapiens	28-31
21284981-6	2011	This study shows that dERR plays a central role in carbohydrate metabolism, demonstrates that a proliferative metabolic program is used in normal developmental growth, and provides a molecular context to understand the close association between mammalian ERR family members and cancer.	Carbohydrates	51-63	solute carrier family 7 member 1	Homo sapiens	23-26
21780708-4	2011	During the composting process, energy losses of 920 kJ/kg occur, caused by carbohydrate decomposition (loss of 12.64% TOC).	Carbohydrates	75-87	rhomboid 5 homolog 2	Homo sapiens	118-121
21113792-2	2011	The plasma concentration of GLP-1 is increased by indigestible carbohydrates and luminal infusion of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs).	Carbohydrates	63-76	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	28-33
21047777-4	2011	Comparison of these complexes with the unliganded SP-A neck and carbohydrate recognition domain revealed an unexpected ligand-associated conformational change in the loop region surrounding the lectin site, one not previously reported for the lectin homologs SP-D and mannan-binding lectin.	Carbohydrates	64-76	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	259-263
21206039-3	2011	These crystals all belonged to the orthorhombic space group C222(1) and gave rise to several structures of maltoporin in complex with different carbohydrates determined at resolutions between 3.2 and 2.4 A.	Carbohydrates	144-157	maltoporin	Escherichia coli	107-117
20713121-8	2011	We also describe how nutrients especially polyunsaturated fatty acids and carbohydrates modulate SCD1 gene expression.	Carbohydrates	74-87	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	97-101
21628898-1	2011	LEC-1 is the first tandem repeat-type galectin isolated from an animal system; this galectin has two carbohydrate recognition domains in a single polypeptide chain.	Carbohydrates	101-113	32 kDa beta-galactoside-binding lectin;Galectin	Caenorhabditis elegans	0-5
21811077-2	2011	However, little is known about potential effects of mutations in the IGF1R on carbohydrate homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	78-90	insulin like growth factor 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	69-74
21811077-9	2011	CONCLUSION: This is the first study showing an association between a novel IGF1R mutation and a variable degree of alterations in prenatal and postnatal growth and in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	167-179	insulin like growth factor 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	75-80
21949853-5	2011	The present study provides the rationale for the renal effect of treatment with alpha-galactosidase A and identifies potential pathways for future non-carbohydrate based drug delivery to the kidney podocyte and other potential affected organs.	Carbohydrates	151-163	galactosidase alpha	Homo sapiens	80-101
25309039-5	2011	Now the ENGase-based chemoenzymatic method has been extended to the synthesis of a range of complex carbohydrates, including homogeneous glycopeptides, glycoproteins carrying well-defined glycans, novel oligosaccharide clusters, unusually glycosylated natural products, and even polysaccharides.	Carbohydrates	100-113	endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase	Homo sapiens	8-14
20937368-8	2010	Overrepresented transcription factor binding site analysis showed that the following nuclear receptors that are important in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism were overrepresented: the androgen receptor (AR), nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 1 (NR2F1), hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha (HNF4alpha), and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor alpha 1 (RORalpha1).	Carbohydrates	135-147	androgen receptor	Mus musculus	185-202
20937368-8	2010	Overrepresented transcription factor binding site analysis showed that the following nuclear receptors that are important in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism were overrepresented: the androgen receptor (AR), nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 1 (NR2F1), hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha (HNF4alpha), and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor alpha 1 (RORalpha1).	Carbohydrates	135-147	androgen receptor	Mus musculus	204-206
20729279-18	2010	2, CARB produced a marked peak in glucose and insulin concentrations compared with PROT, fat, or water, resulting in increased glucose (P &lt; 0.001) and insulin (P = 0.07) incremental AUC values.	Carbohydrates	3-7	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	46-53
20729279-18	2010	2, CARB produced a marked peak in glucose and insulin concentrations compared with PROT, fat, or water, resulting in increased glucose (P &lt; 0.001) and insulin (P = 0.07) incremental AUC values.	Carbohydrates	3-7	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	154-161
20600324-1	2010	Few common carbohydrate epitopes consisting of terminal beta-(1,2)-xylose and/or alpha-(1,3)-fucose residues are shared by a variety of glycoproteins from plants, insects and parasitic worms, termed cross-reactive carbohydrate determinant (CCD), and frequently recognized by IgE antibodies of patients with food and/or respiratory allergy, though clinical relevancy of such CCD-specific IgE is still controversial.	Carbohydrates	11-23	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	56-65
20601494-0	2010	Monoclonal antibody-assisted structure-function analysis of the carbohydrate recognition domain of surfactant protein D.	Carbohydrates	64-76	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	99-119
20601494-2	2010	Ligand binding by SP-D is mediated by the trimeric neck and carbohydrate recognition domain (NCRD).	Carbohydrates	60-72	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	18-22
20713592-8	2010	Collectively, these data suggest that galectin-3 modulates VEGF- and bFGF-mediated angiogenesis by binding via its carbohydrate recognition domain, to the GnTV synthesized N-glycans of integrin alphavbeta3, and subsequently activating the signaling pathways that promote the growth of new blood vessels.	Carbohydrates	115-127	integrin subunit alpha V	Homo sapiens	185-205
20522638-0	2010	Differential responses of the incretin hormones GIP and GLP-1 to increasing doses of dietary carbohydrate but not dietary protein in lean rats.	Carbohydrates	93-105	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	56-61
20522638-7	2010	Both GIP and GLP-1 outputs responded dose dependently to increasing amounts of dietary carbohydrate but not protein.	Carbohydrates	87-99	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	13-18
20522638-8	2010	Additionally, we found that the GIP-secreting cells were more sensitive than the GLP-1-secreting cells to changes in intestinal carbohydrate content.	Carbohydrates	128-140	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	81-86
20556593-5	2010	Incubation of EL4 cells with Dox-HPMA(AM) conjugate, in contrast to Dox or Dox-HPMA(HYD), increased the amounts of membrane surface-associated glycoproteins, as well as saccharide moieties recognized by peanut agglutinin, Erythrina cristagalli, or galectin-1 lectins.	Carbohydrates	169-179	epilepsy 4	Mus musculus	14-17
20703374-2	2010	The addition of lithiated enol ethers to carbohydrate-derived nitrones afforded syn- or anti-configured hydroxylamine derivatives 4a-d that were cyclized under Lewis acidic conditions to yield functionalized dihydropyrans cis- or trans-5a-d containing an enol ether moiety.	Carbohydrates	41-53	synemin	Homo sapiens	80-83
21103068-6	2010	Since O-glycosides and MeON-neoglycosides share a similar mode of action, the convenience of MeON-neoglycosylation could be exploited in future SAR work to rapidly survey large numbers of carbohydrates to prioritize selected O-glycoside candidates for traditional synthesis.	Carbohydrates	188-201	sarcosine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	144-147
20450150-0	2010	Insight into the dynamic interaction of different carbohydrates with human surfactant protein D: molecular dynamics simulations.	Carbohydrates	50-63	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	75-95
20117110-7	2010	Energy expenditure was higher in CCK-KO than wild-type mice, and CCK-KO mice had greater oxidation of carbohydrates while on the high-fat diet.	Carbohydrates	102-115	cholecystokinin	Mus musculus	65-68
20384789-5	2010	Interestingly, BmGlcNAcase 2 was found to be expressed in embryos and in certain tissues of molting larvae (i.e. ovary, fat bodies, mid-intestine, skin), but not in pupae, suggesting its unique function in the carbohydrate metabolism of juvenile silkworm.	Carbohydrates	210-222	beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase 2	Bombyx mori	15-28
20164372-2	2010	In this study, the involvement of CD25(+) regulatory T-cells (Treg) in the carbohydrate-induced effects was investigated in mice orally sensitized with whey using adoptive transfer experiments.	Carbohydrates	75-87	interleukin 2 receptor, alpha chain	Mus musculus	34-38
20060267-1	2010	CD147/basigin, a transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin super family, was originally cloned as a carrier of Lewis X carbohydrate antigen.	Carbohydrates	131-143	basigin	Mus musculus	0-5
20060267-1	2010	CD147/basigin, a transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin super family, was originally cloned as a carrier of Lewis X carbohydrate antigen.	Carbohydrates	131-143	basigin	Mus musculus	6-13
20172206-6	2010	In addition, lectin staining provided a preliminary characterization of carbohydrate structures occurring on MFGM proteins from goat milk depending on alpha(S1)-casein genotype and lactation stage.	Carbohydrates	72-84	milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing	Bos taurus	109-113
20001964-0	2010	Glucose induces expression of rat pyruvate carboxylase through a carbohydrate response element in the distal gene promoter.	Carbohydrates	65-77	pyruvate carboxylase	Rattus norvegicus	34-54
19837850-3	2010	Multimeric SP-D has strong antiviral activity and is a potent viral and bacterial agglutinin and opsonin; however, trimers composed of the neck and carbohydrate recognition domain (hSP-D-NCRD) of SP-D lack these activities.	Carbohydrates	148-160	heat shock protein 90 beta family member 2, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	181-184
19837850-3	2010	Multimeric SP-D has strong antiviral activity and is a potent viral and bacterial agglutinin and opsonin; however, trimers composed of the neck and carbohydrate recognition domain (hSP-D-NCRD) of SP-D lack these activities.	Carbohydrates	148-160	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	182-186
19928816-2	2009	Resilin binds to the cuticle polysaccharide chitin via a chitin binding domain and is further polymerized through oxidation of the tyrosine residues resulting in the formation of dityrosine bridges and assembly of a high-performance protein--carbohydrate composite material.	Carbohydrates	242-254	resilin	Drosophila melanogaster	0-7
19875176-6	2009	Using Mab H6-3C4, the carbohydrate moiety of CD52 as an epitope for infertility-related antigen was identified.	Carbohydrates	22-34	CD52 molecule	Homo sapiens	45-49
19875176-11	2009	The frt-CD52 is not recognized by Mab H6-3C4, suggesting that it harbors distinct carbohydrate antigenicity.	Carbohydrates	82-94	CD52 molecule	Homo sapiens	8-12
20057953-4	2009	Studies on carbohydrate modifications have revealed that tyrosinase in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is proteolyzed via ER-associated protein degradation and that tyrosinase degradation can also occur following its complete maturation in the Golgi.	Carbohydrates	11-23	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	57-67
19746469-2	2009	Its carbohydrate part was further extended by beta1-3-linked galactosylation.	Carbohydrates	4-16	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	46-53
19684159-4	2009	The carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) genes of mouse MBL-C (mMBL-C) were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli.	Carbohydrates	4-16	mannose-binding lectin (protein C) 2	Mus musculus	57-62
19684159-4	2009	The carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) genes of mouse MBL-C (mMBL-C) were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli.	Carbohydrates	4-16	mannose-binding lectin (protein C) 2	Mus musculus	64-70
19775369-1	2009	The mannose-binding lectin (MBL) pathway of complement system is activated when carbohydrate-bound MBL forms complexes with different serine proteases (MASP-1, MASP-2 and MASP-3), among which MASP-2 has a predominant functional role.	Carbohydrates	80-92	MBL associated serine protease 2	Homo sapiens	160-166
19775369-1	2009	The mannose-binding lectin (MBL) pathway of complement system is activated when carbohydrate-bound MBL forms complexes with different serine proteases (MASP-1, MASP-2 and MASP-3), among which MASP-2 has a predominant functional role.	Carbohydrates	80-92	MBL associated serine protease 2	Homo sapiens	192-198
19635802-3	2009	We found that LEC-8 binds to glycolipids in C. elegans through carbohydrate recognition.	Carbohydrates	63-75	putative galaptin lec-8	Caenorhabditis elegans	14-19
19759915-5	2009	Our results show that derived alleles in NPY1R and NPY5R are associated with lower carbohydrate intake, mainly because of a lower consumption of mono- and disaccharides.	Carbohydrates	83-95	neuropeptide Y receptor Y5	Homo sapiens	51-56
19563529-1	2009	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Previous results have shown that mice lacking in the group 1B phospholipase A(2) (Pla2g1b) are resistant to obesity and diabetes induced by feeding a diabetogenic high-fat/high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	201-213	phospholipase A2, group IB, pancreas	Mus musculus	106-113
19502356-4	2009	The downstream gene products for DREB1A and DREB2A are reported to have similar putative functions, but downstream genes encoding enzymes for carbohydrate metabolism are very different between DREB1A and DREB2A.	Carbohydrates	142-154	dehydration response element B1A	Arabidopsis thaliana	33-39
19502356-4	2009	The downstream gene products for DREB1A and DREB2A are reported to have similar putative functions, but downstream genes encoding enzymes for carbohydrate metabolism are very different between DREB1A and DREB2A.	Carbohydrates	142-154	dehydration response element B1A	Arabidopsis thaliana	193-199
19358283-2	2009	Fatty acid synthase (FAS), the primary enzyme involved in de novo lipogenesis from carbohydrates, is expressed at low levels in most normal human tissues but is elevated in several human neoplasms including colorectal adenomas and carcinomas.	Carbohydrates	83-96	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	0-19
19358283-2	2009	Fatty acid synthase (FAS), the primary enzyme involved in de novo lipogenesis from carbohydrates, is expressed at low levels in most normal human tissues but is elevated in several human neoplasms including colorectal adenomas and carcinomas.	Carbohydrates	83-96	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	21-24
19476346-12	2009	Thus, BoNT/F neuronal discrimination involves the recognition of ganglioside and protein (glycosylated SV2) carbohydrate moieties, providing a structural basis for the high affinity and specificity of BoNT/F for neurons.	Carbohydrates	108-120	synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2a	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
19454698-8	2009	Taken together, our data suggest that disruption of a complex fH-self-surface recognition process, involving a balance of affinities for protein and physiological carbohydrate ligands, predisposes to aHUS.	Carbohydrates	163-175	complement factor H	Homo sapiens	62-64
19461531-0	2009	Effects of carbohydrate supplementation on the RPE-blood lactate relationship.	Carbohydrates	11-23	ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase	Homo sapiens	47-50
19461531-1	2009	PURPOSE: To examine the effects of carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion on the RPE-blood lactate relationship during incremental and constant-effort exercise.	Carbohydrates	35-47	ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase	Homo sapiens	71-74
19461531-11	2009	)VO2peak cycling; and 2) carbohydrate supplementation during exercise, eliciting high RPE, may increase work output during training sessions.	Carbohydrates	25-37	ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase	Homo sapiens	86-89
19460132-8	2009	Conversely, in Hmga1-knockout mice, basal and glucagon-mediated expression of RBP4 was severely attenuated and correlated inversely with increased Glut4 mRNA and protein abundance in skeletal muscle and fat, in which the activation state of the protein kinase Akt, an important downstream mediator of the metabolic effects of insulin on Glut4 translocation and carbohydrate metabolism, was simultaneously increased.	Carbohydrates	361-373	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	78-82
19435686-1	2009	Antigen carbohydrate CA125 is a tumor marker used in the monitoring of epithelial ovarian cancers.	Carbohydrates	8-20	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	21-26
17408659-11	2007	CONCLUSIONS: The high potency of MalH-lectin conjugates results from "anchoring" the CFTR-blocking MalH to cell surface carbohydrates by the lectin.	Carbohydrates	120-133	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	85-89
17326204-4	2007	These changes were not observed in glucose-administered rats (10% wt/vol), although both carbohydrates produced similar changes in plasma adiponectin and in the hepatic expression of transcription factors and enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis.	Carbohydrates	89-102	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	138-149
17280604-11	2007	We also show that mAbs directed against different areas on the carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-D can be useful for dissecting out different functional properties of the protein.	Carbohydrates	63-75	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	98-102
17255313-10	2007	We propose that carbohydrates of serum IgA are involved in the development of IgAN, whether the carbohydrates are O-glycans or N-glycans.	Carbohydrates	16-29	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha	Mus musculus	39-42
17255313-10	2007	We propose that carbohydrates of serum IgA are involved in the development of IgAN, whether the carbohydrates are O-glycans or N-glycans.	Carbohydrates	96-109	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha	Mus musculus	39-42
17185412-6	2007	Their protein receptors, synaptotagmins I and II, bind to a pocket at the tip of their H(CC) (C-terminal domain of the C-terminal fragment of the heavy chain) that corresponds to the unique second carbohydrate binding site of tetanus neurotoxin, the sialic acid binding site.	Carbohydrates	197-209	synaptotagmin I	Mus musculus	25-48
17892207-3	2007	When MBL or ficolins binds to carbohydrates on the surface of microbes, conformational modifications of these molecules trigger to activate zymogens of MASPs, followed by consequential complement activation.	Carbohydrates	30-43	mannose-binding lectin (protein C) 2	Mus musculus	5-8
17204910-6	2006	This low-dose insulin had no effect on coronary blood flow after reperfusion but markedly reduced coronary reactive hyperemia and switched myocardial substrate uptake from fat to carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	179-191	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	14-21
17071639-0	2006	tie-dyed1 Regulates carbohydrate accumulation in maize leaves.	Carbohydrates	20-32	predicted GPI-anchored protein 58	Zea mays	0-9
17071639-7	2006	Retention of carbohydrates in tdy1 leaves is associated with a delay in reproductive maturity, decreased stature, and reduced yield.	Carbohydrates	13-26	predicted GPI-anchored protein 58	Zea mays	30-34
16979599-0	2006	A 3D model of Reelin subrepeat regions predicts Reelin binding to carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	66-79	reelin	Homo sapiens	14-20
16979599-0	2006	A 3D model of Reelin subrepeat regions predicts Reelin binding to carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	66-79	reelin	Homo sapiens	48-54
16849632-3	2006	During behavioral and metabolic testing, we found that homozygous C57BL/6J-Tub(tub) mice have a lower respiratory quotient than C57BL/6J controls before the onset of obesity, indicating that tubby homozygotes fail to activate carbohydrate metabolism and instead rely on fat metabolism for energy needs.	Carbohydrates	226-238	tubby bipartite transcription factor	Mus musculus	75-78
16849632-3	2006	During behavioral and metabolic testing, we found that homozygous C57BL/6J-Tub(tub) mice have a lower respiratory quotient than C57BL/6J controls before the onset of obesity, indicating that tubby homozygotes fail to activate carbohydrate metabolism and instead rely on fat metabolism for energy needs.	Carbohydrates	226-238	tubby bipartite transcription factor	Mus musculus	79-82
16774908-3	2006	In this study, the effectiveness of various carbohydrate-immobilized adsorbents for the isolation of bovine liver beta-glucuronidase (BLG) from other glycosidases was tested.	Carbohydrates	44-56	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	134-137
16774908-9	2006	The results indicated the presence of N-acetyllactosamine/lactose-binding activity in BLG and provided an effective purification method utilizing the novel carbohydrate binding activity.	Carbohydrates	156-168	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	86-89
16905361-5	2006	The alpha-gal epitope (Galalpha1-3Galbeta1-(3)4GlcNAc-R) is one of the most abundant carbohydrate epitopes on cells of non-primate mammals and New World monkeys, where it is synthesized by the glycosylation enzyme alpha1,3galactosyltransferase.	Carbohydrates	85-97	glycoprotein galactosyltransferase alpha 1, 3	Mus musculus	4-13
16844773-1	2006	The nuclear hormone receptors farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and pregnane X receptor have been implicated in regulating bile acid, lipid, carbohydrate, and xenobiotic metabolism.	Carbohydrates	134-146	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2	Mus musculus	61-80
16897175-1	2006	Binding of carbohydrate ligand by human C-reactive protein (CRP), in both native form and structurally deviated form (neoCRP or mCRP), was investigated using galactose-6-phosphate (Gal6P)- and Galbeta3GalNAc-containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) derivatives.	Carbohydrates	11-23	C-reactive protein, pentraxin-related	Mus musculus	128-132
16636058-2	2006	Interactions of SP-D with microorganisms and organic antigens involve binding of glycoconjugates to the C-type lectin carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD).	Carbohydrates	118-130	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	16-20
16650853-0	2006	Structural basis of carbohydrate transfer activity by human UDP-GalNAc: polypeptide alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (pp-GalNAc-T10).	Carbohydrates	20-32	polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 10	Homo sapiens	125-138
16707667-8	2006	Microarrays were used to investigate the profound phenotypic changes displayed by JAM1, revealing that EIIAB(Man) of S. mutans has a key regulatory role in energy metabolism, possibly by sensing the energy levels of the cells or the carbohydrate availability and, in response, regulating the activity of transcription factors and carbohydrate transporters.	Carbohydrates	233-245	F11 receptor	Homo sapiens	82-86
16709857-9	2006	HNPs were found to bind to the neck and/or carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-D.	Carbohydrates	43-55	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	78-82
31627614-3	2006	These receptors are predominantly concentrated in the hypothalamic-pituitary region, but are also found in other tissues, which explains the wide range of effects of GHR, including stimulation of the secretion of GH, prolactin and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH); effects on sleep and behavior, increased appetite and a positive energy balance; diabetic effect on carbohydrate metabolism, control of gastric secretion and peristalsis.	Carbohydrates	367-379	growth hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	166-169
16408318-2	2006	Since Gcr2p is a key regulatory factor of glycolytic gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, hSGT1 is a candidate for a novel human transcription factor involved in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	170-182	ecdysoneless cell cycle regulator	Homo sapiens	98-103
16263939-5	2006	Associated to increased NPY levels, TTR KOs display increased carbohydrate consumption and preference.	Carbohydrates	62-74	transthyretin	Mus musculus	36-39
16365436-1	2006	The C-type lectin L-SIGN is expressed on liver and lymph node endothelial cells, where it serves as a receptor for a variety of carbohydrate ligands, including ICAM-3, Ebola, and HIV.	Carbohydrates	128-140	intercellular adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	160-166
16365052-1	2006	Expression of L-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK) is upregulated in the liver by dietary carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	83-95	pyruvate kinase liver and red blood cell	Mus musculus	14-36
16365052-1	2006	Expression of L-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK) is upregulated in the liver by dietary carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	83-95	pyruvate kinase liver and red blood cell	Mus musculus	38-42
16253991-1	2005	Retrograde (RTG) signaling senses mitochondrial dysfunction and initiates readjustments of carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism through nuclear accumulation of the heterodimeric transcription factors, Rtg1/3p.	Carbohydrates	91-103	Rtg1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	201-205
16266322-5	2005	Refined carbohydrate-based therapeutics may permit an increased number of ABO-incompatible transplantations to be carried out, and may remove the initial barriers to clinical xenotransplantation.	Carbohydrates	8-20	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	74-77
16299314-5	2005	MBL is an oligomeric serum protein that recognizes carbohydrates decorating a broad range of infectious agents, including S. aureus.	Carbohydrates	51-64	mannose-binding lectin (protein C) 2	Mus musculus	0-3
16328467-0	2005	Carbohydrate-binding specificities of mouse ficolin A, a splicing variant of ficolin A and ficolin B and their complex formation with MASP-2 and sMAP.	Carbohydrates	0-12	mannan-binding lectin serine peptidase 2	Mus musculus	134-140
16328467-0	2005	Carbohydrate-binding specificities of mouse ficolin A, a splicing variant of ficolin A and ficolin B and their complex formation with MASP-2 and sMAP.	Carbohydrates	0-12	kinesin-associated protein 3	Mus musculus	145-149
16274220-9	2005	As judged by SDS-PAGE, N-terminal sequence analysis, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, the purified hephaestin was homogeneous with a mass of 129600 Da, suggesting a carbohydrate content of 7.7%.	Carbohydrates	214-226	hephaestin	Homo sapiens	148-158
15772814-7	2005	These data suggest that LeST3 plays a role in the transport of sugars into the sink tissues and responds to the increased demand for carbohydrates exerted by two AM fungi and by a root pathogen to cope with the increased metabolic activity of the colonised/infected tissues or to supply carbohydrates to the AM fungus.	Carbohydrates	133-146	protein st3	Solanum lycopersicum	24-29
15772814-7	2005	These data suggest that LeST3 plays a role in the transport of sugars into the sink tissues and responds to the increased demand for carbohydrates exerted by two AM fungi and by a root pathogen to cope with the increased metabolic activity of the colonised/infected tissues or to supply carbohydrates to the AM fungus.	Carbohydrates	287-300	protein st3	Solanum lycopersicum	24-29
16186415-3	2005	In the apical GLUT2 model, the glucose transported by the Na(+)/glucose cotransporter SGLT1 promotes insertion of GLUT2 into the apical membrane within minutes, so that the mechanism operates during assimilation of a meal containing high-glycemic index carbohydrate to provide a facilitated component of absorption up to three times greater than by SGLT1.	Carbohydrates	253-265	solute carrier family 2 member 2	Homo sapiens	14-19
16186415-3	2005	In the apical GLUT2 model, the glucose transported by the Na(+)/glucose cotransporter SGLT1 promotes insertion of GLUT2 into the apical membrane within minutes, so that the mechanism operates during assimilation of a meal containing high-glycemic index carbohydrate to provide a facilitated component of absorption up to three times greater than by SGLT1.	Carbohydrates	253-265	solute carrier family 2 member 2	Homo sapiens	114-119
16194227-10	2005	However, the subsets of carbohydrate structures on GPIbalpha recognized by the binding domains appear to be different between the two proteins.	Carbohydrates	24-36	glycoprotein Ib platelet subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	51-60
16157241-3	2005	Our objective was to establish whether plasma concentrations of the gut peptides PYY and glucagon-like peptide-1 in rats and humans change in response to intake of a non-absorbable but fermentable carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	197-209	peptide YY	Rattus norvegicus	81-84
16157241-3	2005	Our objective was to establish whether plasma concentrations of the gut peptides PYY and glucagon-like peptide-1 in rats and humans change in response to intake of a non-absorbable but fermentable carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	197-209	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	89-112
16012863-1	2005	Carbohydrates are implicated in many of the invasive and adhesive interactions that occur between Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites and human host cells, including invasion of sporozoites into hepatocytes, entry of merozoites into new host erythrocytes during asexual blood-stage replication, adhesion of infected erythrocytes to uninfected erythrocytes (rosetting) and to a number of host endothelial receptors including ICAM-1, CD36 and chondroitin-4-sulphate.	Carbohydrates	0-13	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	428-434
16254604-4	2005	In addition to factors already known to participate in these processes, we identified a number of enzymes that participate in the synthesis or modification of protein carbohydrate side chains and in Ubiquitin modifications and/or the Ubiquitin-dependent degradation of proteins, suggesting that these processes are relevant for muscle pattern formation.	Carbohydrates	167-179	Ribosomal protein S27A	Drosophila melanogaster	199-208
16254604-4	2005	In addition to factors already known to participate in these processes, we identified a number of enzymes that participate in the synthesis or modification of protein carbohydrate side chains and in Ubiquitin modifications and/or the Ubiquitin-dependent degradation of proteins, suggesting that these processes are relevant for muscle pattern formation.	Carbohydrates	167-179	Ribosomal protein S27A	Drosophila melanogaster	234-243
16107151-1	2005	The sweet taste receptor, a heterodimeric G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) protein, formed by the T1R2 and T1R3 subunits, recognizes several sweet compounds including carbohydrates, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and synthetic sweeteners.	Carbohydrates	168-181	taste 1 receptor member 2	Homo sapiens	99-103
15996105-6	2005	(ii) Despite their homology to physiological glycans, the putative carbohydrate epitopes of GlyCAM-1 and PSGL-1 bound selectins with low affinity comparable to that of sLe(X)-selectin interactions.	Carbohydrates	67-79	glycosylation dependent cell adhesion molecule 1 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	92-100
16115326-7	2005	The main type of non-glycaemic carbohydrates is the plant cell-wall NSP, which is a marker of the natural fibre-rich diet recognised as beneficial to health.	Carbohydrates	31-44	sperm antigen with calponin homology and coiled-coil domains 1	Homo sapiens	68-71
15994957-7	2005	However, in contrast to the HCELL glycoform on human hematopoietic progenitor cells, which expresses carbohydrate-binding determinant(s) for E-selectin primarily on N-glycans of standard CD44, the relevant determinant(s) on LS174T cells is expressed on O-glycans and is predominantly found on variant isoforms of CD44 (CD44v).	Carbohydrates	101-113	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Homo sapiens	28-33
15949974-7	2005	In ammonium-limited cultures, absence of Leu3p caused a drastic decrease in storage carbohydrate content.	Carbohydrates	84-96	leucine-responsive transcriptional regulator LEU3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	41-46
19074510-8	2009	Duox1/Duoxa1alpha and Duox2/Duoxa2 pairs produce the highest levels of hydrogen peroxide, as they undergo Golgi-based carbohydrate modifications and form stable cell surface complexes.	Carbohydrates	118-130	dual oxidase maturation factor 2	Homo sapiens	28-34
19135982-6	2009	This association is independent of N-glycosylation, excluding the possibility that the interaction is mediated by carbohydrate moieties present in the CRD region of Ror2.	Carbohydrates	114-126	receptor tyrosine kinase like orphan receptor 2	Homo sapiens	165-169
2114451-7	1990	The present evidence for differential effects on intracellular tyrosinase transfer and melanization by different stages of carbohydrate processing inhibition suggests that asparagine-linked oligosaccharides, relating to the first mannose-trimming stages, determine the function of tyrosinase transfer as well as melanization through a specific intracellular recognition process in pigment cells.	Carbohydrates	123-135	tyrosinase	Mus musculus	281-291
19164691-14	2009	The reduction of MFP associated with monensin was larger for herds having a diet high (&gt;39.7%) in nonfiber carbohydrates, having a low level of physically effective particles in ration (&gt;45.0%; &gt;or=8 mm), and not feeding dry hay as first meal in the morning.	Carbohydrates	110-123	FP	Bos taurus	17-20
19164691-15	2009	Significant interactions between monensin and nutritional factors on bulk tank MFP were related to nonfiber carbohydrate and fiber concentrations in the diet.	Carbohydrates	108-120	FP	Bos taurus	79-82
15948998-5	2005	RESULTS: We detected a single nucleotide polymorphism that leads to an amino acid exchange, which results in dissociation of MASP-2 from a carbohydrate recognition complex.	Carbohydrates	139-151	MBL associated serine protease 2	Homo sapiens	125-131
15843584-6	2005	Importantly, we show that Abs directed against cutaneous lymphocyte Ag (CLA), a FucT-VII-dependent carbohydrate modification of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1, blocked rolling of Th1 cells.	Carbohydrates	99-111	fucosyltransferase 7	Mus musculus	80-88
2328530-0	1990	Alterations in cell-surface carbohydrates of rat large granular lymphocytes associated with interleukin-2 activation.	Carbohydrates	28-41	interleukin 2	Rattus norvegicus	92-105
15828816-2	2005	To optimize it, two modifications have been introduced into [(125)I]Tyr(3)-octreotide ([(125)I]TOC): C-terminal Thr-for-Thr(ol) exchange (leading to Tyr(3)-octreotate (TOCA)) and N-terminal derivatization with different carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	220-233	rhomboid 5 homolog 2	Homo sapiens	95-98
15698863-12	2005	Prolonged exposure to these compounds can modify carbohydrate homeostasis by up-regulating glucose transport in both normal and Glut1DS conditions in vitro.	Carbohydrates	49-61	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	128-135
19597296-4	2009	RBP4 levels increased significantly in the group of diabetic subjects treated with oral hypoglycemic agents and diabetic patients with coronary heart disease (30.2 +/- 11.8; 33.4 +/- 13.6 respectively), while there was no significant change in the other group for diabetic subjects on low-carbohydrate diet (25.1 +/- 10.9) compared to control group (22.6 +/- 9.5).	Carbohydrates	289-301	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
2328530-4	1990	Since carbohydrate moieties have been demonstrated to be of possible significance in the cytolytic cascade of a variety of effector cells, the current study was undertaken to determine if the activation of LGLs with IL-2 is accompanied by an alteration of cell-surface carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	6-18	interleukin 2	Rattus norvegicus	216-220
2328530-10	1990	These data indicate that LGL/NK cells from the rat are heterogeneous in their ability to bind specific lectins, and that IL-2 activation of these cells results in altered expression of specific cell-surface carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	207-220	interleukin 2	Rattus norvegicus	121-125
19178699-6	2009	Functions related to carbohydrate metabolism and cellular signaling are enriched among genes regulated by insulin and wingless, respectively.	Carbohydrates	21-33	Insulin-like receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	106-113
2189881-12	1990	The data presented here suggest that early adhesion events may be carbohydrate-specific involving interaction between ECM-bound galaptin and cell surface galaptin receptors.	Carbohydrates	66-78	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	128-136
19927620-4	2009	The mass of knowledge relating to carbohydrate chemistry, enzymology, molecular genetics, and structural and evolutionary biology is now enormous thanks to more than a century of research using ABO as a principal model.	Carbohydrates	34-46	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	194-197
2189881-12	1990	The data presented here suggest that early adhesion events may be carbohydrate-specific involving interaction between ECM-bound galaptin and cell surface galaptin receptors.	Carbohydrates	66-78	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	154-162
1690673-5	1990	Immunocytochemical techniques demonstrated that highly sialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM), the carbohydrate recognized by L2 monoclonal antibody, cholinesterase, stage-specific embryonic antigen 1, and a ligand that binds tetragonolobus purpureas agglutinin are expressed by the roof plate.	Carbohydrates	109-121	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	66-95
19706780-9	2009	It is also considered Whether a possibly decreased glc binding affinity of HKL1 could possibly be a feedback mechanism to limit plant growth in the presence of excessive carbohydrate availability is further considered.	Carbohydrates	170-182	hexokinase-like 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	75-79
1690673-5	1990	Immunocytochemical techniques demonstrated that highly sialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM), the carbohydrate recognized by L2 monoclonal antibody, cholinesterase, stage-specific embryonic antigen 1, and a ligand that binds tetragonolobus purpureas agglutinin are expressed by the roof plate.	Carbohydrates	109-121	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	97-102
18922866-4	2009	Variable domains and carbohydrates shield vulnerable neutralization epitopes on the functional Env complex.	Carbohydrates	21-34	endogenous retrovirus group K member 20	Homo sapiens	95-98
1690673-5	1990	Immunocytochemical techniques demonstrated that highly sialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM), the carbohydrate recognized by L2 monoclonal antibody, cholinesterase, stage-specific embryonic antigen 1, and a ligand that binds tetragonolobus purpureas agglutinin are expressed by the roof plate.	Carbohydrates	109-121	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	160-174
2337816-6	1990	This combination of effects, namely increased carbohydrate utilization, fat synthesis and food intake with reduced energy expenditure, shows NPY to be a potent anabolic force.	Carbohydrates	46-58	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	141-144
19391463-3	2008	The glycolipid rafts are stabilized by galectin-4, a 36 kDa divalent lectin that cross-links galactosyl (and other carbohydrate) residues present on membrane lipids and several brush border proteins, including some of the major hydrolases.	Carbohydrates	115-127	galectin 4	Homo sapiens	39-49
18989571-2	2008	Detection and evaluation of the possible presence of carbohydrate structures in LMP-1 is an important regulatory consideration for the therapeutic use of recombinantly expressed protein.	Carbohydrates	53-65	PDZ and LIM domain 7	Homo sapiens	80-85
2314104-3	1990	We were able to identify the B-D-Gal(1-3)DGal-NAc as a membrane carbohydrate component present in malignant laryngeal tissue, but not on adjacent normal mucous membrane.	Carbohydrates	64-76	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	46-49
2303708-0	1990	Role of carbohydrate moiety of IL-5.	Carbohydrates	8-20	interleukin 5	Mus musculus	31-35
18683825-6	2008	Detailed investigations of carbohydrate moieties of Mal d 2 demonstrated their involvement in the overall IgE binding capacity of this allergen.	Carbohydrates	27-39	mal d 2	Malus domestica	52-59
2303708-3	1990	In this study, we examined the role of carbohydrate moiety of IL-5 in the expression of biological function.	Carbohydrates	39-51	interleukin 5	Mus musculus	62-66
2298731-5	1990	Based on these observations, the previously proposed three-binding sites model of glucosylceramidase, activator, and substrate was modified to one composed of four binding sites: one for carbohydrate of the substrate, one for aglycon, one for acidic lipids, and one for saposins.	Carbohydrates	187-199	glucosylceramidase beta	Homo sapiens	82-100
18652860-3	2008	Current management of patients with MTP defects include long-term dietary therapy of fasting avoidance, low-fat/high-carbohydrate diet with restriction of long-chain fatty acid intake and substitution with medium-chain fatty acids.	Carbohydrates	117-129	microsomal triglyceride transfer protein	Homo sapiens	36-39
18926491-7	2008	It is substantiated by the data on the Opaque-2 gene encoding a transcription factor with pleiotropic effect affecting lysine content and carbohydrate metabolism, thus acting indirectly on starch/amino acid ratio.	Carbohydrates	138-150	regulatory protein opaque-2	Zea mays	39-47
2298734-8	1990	On the basis of these results, it was concluded that S-MBP is responsible for the initiation of carbohydrate-mediated complement activation as C1q does in immune complex-mediated complement activation.	Carbohydrates	96-108	transmembrane 9 superfamily member 3	Homo sapiens	53-58
2105725-0	1990	Structural studies of rat cathepsin E: amino-terminal structure and carbohydrate units of mature enzyme.	Carbohydrates	68-80	cathepsin E	Rattus norvegicus	26-37
18813848-1	2008	Inhibitors of fatty acid synthase (FASN), a key enzyme involved in the anabolic conversion of dietary carbohydrates to fat in mammals, are receiving increasingly more attention as they may provide therapeutic moieties for the treatment of human malignancies.	Carbohydrates	102-115	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	14-33
18813848-1	2008	Inhibitors of fatty acid synthase (FASN), a key enzyme involved in the anabolic conversion of dietary carbohydrates to fat in mammals, are receiving increasingly more attention as they may provide therapeutic moieties for the treatment of human malignancies.	Carbohydrates	102-115	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	35-39
2302188-0	1990	Investigation of the structural basis of the interaction of calpain II with phospholipid and with carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	98-110	calpain 2	Sus scrofa	60-70
18806092-6	2008	In multivariate linear regression models, we found a significant interaction between complex carbohydrate intake as a continuous variable and PLIN 11482 G &gt; A genotype for waist circumference (P = 0.002).	Carbohydrates	93-105	perilipin 1	Homo sapiens	142-146
18806092-7	2008	By dichotomizing complex carbohydrate intake, we found significantly different effects across PLIN 11482G &gt; A genotypes.	Carbohydrates	25-37	perilipin 1	Homo sapiens	94-98
18806092-8	2008	When complex carbohydrate intake was &lt;144 g/d, waist circumference was larger in PLIN 11482G &gt; A carriers (P = 0.024).	Carbohydrates	13-25	perilipin 1	Homo sapiens	84-88
2108716-8	1990	The combined data are consistent with the following intra- and/or extracellular modifications of apoAII: (a) modification of the apoAII which results in the net loss of two positive charges; (b) glycosylation of the modified proapoAII with carbohydrate chains containing sialic acid; (c) proteolytic removal of the prosegment and cyclization of the N-terminal glutamine.	Carbohydrates	240-252	apolipoprotein A2	Homo sapiens	97-103
18806092-9	2008	Conversely, when complex carbohydrate intake was &gt;/=144 g/d, waist and hip circumferences were less in PLIN 11482G &gt; A carriers (P &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	25-37	perilipin 1	Homo sapiens	106-110
2108716-8	1990	The combined data are consistent with the following intra- and/or extracellular modifications of apoAII: (a) modification of the apoAII which results in the net loss of two positive charges; (b) glycosylation of the modified proapoAII with carbohydrate chains containing sialic acid; (c) proteolytic removal of the prosegment and cyclization of the N-terminal glutamine.	Carbohydrates	240-252	apolipoprotein A2	Homo sapiens	129-135
33232564-10	2021	The main genes identified for RFT were GSK3beta, LRP1B, EXT1, GRB2, SORCS1 and SLMAP, which are involved in metabolic pathways such as glycogen synthesis, lipid transport and homeostasis, polysaccharide and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	207-219	glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha	Bos taurus	39-47
18779298-2	2008	A recent study found an association of the MC4R 103I variant with carbohydrate intake, which may mediate some of the association of this variant with leanness.	Carbohydrates	66-78	melanocortin 4 receptor	Homo sapiens	43-47
18779298-7	2008	CONCLUSIONS: The higher dietary intake of carbohydrates in severely obese persons with the MC4R 103I variant is in line with previous findings.	Carbohydrates	42-55	melanocortin 4 receptor	Homo sapiens	91-95
33232564-10	2021	The main genes identified for RFT were GSK3beta, LRP1B, EXT1, GRB2, SORCS1 and SLMAP, which are involved in metabolic pathways such as glycogen synthesis, lipid transport and homeostasis, polysaccharide and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	207-219	exostosin glycosyltransferase 1	Bos taurus	56-60
33821278-4	2021	We found that virus-like particles produced by coexpression of SARS-CoV-2 S, M, E and N proteins contained spike glycoproteins that were extensively modified by complex carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	169-182	nucleocapsid phosphoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	86-87
18594791-0	2008	Increased fat:carbohydrate oxidation ratio in Il1ra (-/-) mice on a high-fat diet is associated with increased sympathetic tone.	Carbohydrates	14-26	interleukin 1 receptor antagonist	Mus musculus	46-51
18594791-12	2008	CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Our results show that Il1ra (-/-) mice have increased energy expenditure, fat:carbohydrate oxidation ratio, body temperature, heart rate and catecholamine production.	Carbohydrates	106-118	interleukin 1 receptor antagonist	Mus musculus	50-55
22575017-0	2012	Antitumor agent calixarene 0118 targets human galectin-1 as an allosteric inhibitor of carbohydrate binding.	Carbohydrates	87-99	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	46-56
19241585-1	2008	Polysaccharides from Auricularia auricula (AAP) extracted in hot water and precipitated by ethanol were chemically well defined, including 42.5% total carbohydrate, 19.6% uronic acids, 15.8% sulfate groups, 1.7% N, and 20.3% ash.	Carbohydrates	151-163	active avoidance performance	Mus musculus	43-46
22575017-6	2012	In general, our data indicate that 0118 targets galectin-1 as an allosteric inhibitor of glycan/carbohydrate binding.	Carbohydrates	96-108	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	48-58
18598087-4	2008	In contrast to the known carbohydrate-based synthetic routes to the above furopyranyl fragment, the present amino acid chiral template approach is expected to offer a more flexible pathway toward potential SAR-targeted structural/stereochemical modifications of this central bicyclic nucleoside component of the ezomycins.	Carbohydrates	25-37	sarcosine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	206-209
18440093-12	2008	The significant changes induced by maxadilan indicate that the PAC1 receptor plays multiple key roles in carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis in mice.	Carbohydrates	105-117	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 receptor 1	Mus musculus	63-67
19080431-0	2008	[Effects of preoperative carbohydrate loading on the changes in serum tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2 and insulin resistance in patients of colon carcinoma].	Carbohydrates	25-37	TNF receptor superfamily member 1B	Homo sapiens	70-109
18572100-10	2008	In HSL-/- mice, in contrast, the most marked changes were seen in SM, namely, alterations in transcript levels reflecting a change of energy source from lipid to carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	162-174	lipase, hormone sensitive	Mus musculus	3-6
16133831-6	2005	We show that ABH, Lewis (Le)x, sialyl-Lex, Lea, sialyl-Lea and Leb carbohydrate epitopes are expressed mainly on man, pig and horse milk proteins.	Carbohydrates	67-79	alkB homolog 1, histone H2A dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	13-16
34719875-1	2022	A cancer-mitochondria dual-targeting nanoparticle based on lactose and ferrocenium derivatives conjugated polydopamine (PDA@Lac/Fc/Hyp) was constructed, which exhibited cancer-targeting and mitochondria-targeting ability deriving from lactose and ferrocenium derivatives due to the specific carbohydrate-protein interaction and cationic species properties, respectively.	Carbohydrates	291-303	phosphate regulating endopeptidase homolog X-linked	Homo sapiens	131-134
15606797-2	2005	SP-D is characterized by having a collagen-like domain and a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), which has a specific Ca(2+)-dependent specificity for saccharides and thus the ability to bind complex glycoconjugates on micro-organisms.	Carbohydrates	61-73	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	0-4
16164026-0	2005	Carbohydrate specificities of the murine DC-SIGN homologue mSIGNR1.	Carbohydrates	0-12	CD209b antigen	Mus musculus	59-66
16164026-3	2005	Here we have investigated the carbohydrate specificity of cellular mSIGNR1 and compared it with DC-SIGN and L-SIGN.	Carbohydrates	30-42	CD209b antigen	Mus musculus	67-74
18483816-6	2008	The largest set of genes is related to carbohydrate metabolism including the sorbitol 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (S6PDH) gene that was generally believed not to be expressed in young fruits, while the second largest group contains unclassified or unknown genes.	Carbohydrates	39-51	NADP-dependent D-sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Malus domestica	77-111
18483816-6	2008	The largest set of genes is related to carbohydrate metabolism including the sorbitol 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (S6PDH) gene that was generally believed not to be expressed in young fruits, while the second largest group contains unclassified or unknown genes.	Carbohydrates	39-51	NADP-dependent D-sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Malus domestica	113-118
18546155-1	2008	The major barrier in transplantation of pig organs into humans is the presence of surface carbohydrate antigens (e.g., the Gal alpha 1-3 Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc-R (alpha-Gal) epitope) expressed on pig endothelial cells.	Carbohydrates	90-102	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	123-126
18546155-1	2008	The major barrier in transplantation of pig organs into humans is the presence of surface carbohydrate antigens (e.g., the Gal alpha 1-3 Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc-R (alpha-Gal) epitope) expressed on pig endothelial cells.	Carbohydrates	90-102	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	137-140
18546155-1	2008	The major barrier in transplantation of pig organs into humans is the presence of surface carbohydrate antigens (e.g., the Gal alpha 1-3 Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc-R (alpha-Gal) epitope) expressed on pig endothelial cells.	Carbohydrates	90-102	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	137-140
18546155-4	2008	As well as the known alpha-Gal antigens, some of these glycans contained novel non-Gal carbohydrate antigens such as (Neu5Gc-Gal-GlcNAc) and Gal alpha 1-3 Lewis(x) (Gal-Gal-(Fuc)GlcNAc) which have not been reported before in N-glycans from pig organs.	Carbohydrates	87-99	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	83-86
18546155-4	2008	As well as the known alpha-Gal antigens, some of these glycans contained novel non-Gal carbohydrate antigens such as (Neu5Gc-Gal-GlcNAc) and Gal alpha 1-3 Lewis(x) (Gal-Gal-(Fuc)GlcNAc) which have not been reported before in N-glycans from pig organs.	Carbohydrates	87-99	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	83-86
15607658-4	2005	The proteins directly involved with the carbohydrates and energetic metabolisms were: alpha glucosidase, glucose oxidase and alpha amylase, whose are members of the same family of enzymes, catalyzing the hydrolysis of the glucosidic linkages of starch; alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase, whose are constituents of the energetic metabolism.	Carbohydrates	40-53	alpha-glucosidase	Apis mellifera	86-103
34787402-10	2021	The changes of genes related to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, such as citrate synthase (CS), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1), and malate dehydrogenase (MDH), further supported these results.	Carbohydrates	32-44	isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1	Homo sapiens	129-133
15780499-10	2005	Interestingly, while in liver and adipose tissue FAS produces fat from excess carbon consumed as carbohydrates, which is ultimately stored as triglycerides, in epithelial cancer cells, FAS activity is mainly involved in the production of phospholipids partitioning into detergent-resistant membrane microdomains (lipid raft-aggregates), which point to an active role of FAS in the deregulation of membrane functioning in tumor cells.	Carbohydrates	97-110	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	49-52
18501671-1	2008	AIMS: To assess the relation between serum levels of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA 125) and parameters of left ventricular (LV) filling pressure in patients with advanced heart failure (AHF).	Carbohydrates	53-65	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	79-85
34944138-2	2021	Previous research indicated a postprandial elevation in plasma concentrations of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, after consuming 1.2 g of non-structural carbohydrates/kilogram of body weight.	Carbohydrates	180-193	interleukin-1 beta	Equus caballus	81-98
18302939-9	2008	These data suggest that galectin-3 induces oxidative stress, PTP opening, and the caspase-dependent death pathway by binding to putative surface receptors including RAGE via the carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	178-190	advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor	Homo sapiens	165-169
16707919-1	2005	The structural and functional studies of the first identified C-type lectin-like protein (CLP), blood coagulation factor IX/factor X-binding protein (IX/X-bp), have been instrumental in defining how new functionally heterodimeric CLPs are generated from monomeric carbohydrate recognition domain in C-type lectins by three-dimensional domain swapping.	Carbohydrates	264-276	coactosin like F-actin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	62-88
16707919-1	2005	The structural and functional studies of the first identified C-type lectin-like protein (CLP), blood coagulation factor IX/factor X-binding protein (IX/X-bp), have been instrumental in defining how new functionally heterodimeric CLPs are generated from monomeric carbohydrate recognition domain in C-type lectins by three-dimensional domain swapping.	Carbohydrates	264-276	coactosin like F-actin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	90-93
34899599-4	2021	Albeit some limitations (e.g., limited rigor, small samples sizes), studies in animals and humans show that diets high in fat, carbohydrates, fructose, and sucrose, and low in protein are drivers of leptin resistance.	Carbohydrates	127-140	leptin	Homo sapiens	199-205
15621066-7	2004	Overall, recommendations focused on controlling or reducing body weight by regular physical activity and avoidance of excessive energy intake from all sources, particularly from fat and saturated fats, by increasing consumption of fibre-rich carbohydrates, vegetables and fruits are effective in decreasing the risk for type 2 diabetes by more than 50% in high-risk individuals.	Carbohydrates	242-255	chromosome 10 open reading frame 90	Homo sapiens	196-200
15618616-9	2004	The intermediates of the carbohydrate-free form bound to the chaperonin GroEL with about 10-fold higher affinity than those of the original form.	Carbohydrates	25-37	heat shock protein family D (Hsp60) member 1	Homo sapiens	72-77
15662557-1	2004	AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) is emerging as a key regulator of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	91-103	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	42-45
17988431-8	2008	In contrast, substituting carbohydrates for protein or PUFA was inversely related to diabetes risk (RR for 5 % energy substitution of protein 0.77 (95 % CI 0.64, 0.91); RR for PUFA 0.83 (95 % CI 0.70, 0.98)).	Carbohydrates	26-39	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	176-180
17988431-11	2008	In conclusion, a higher carbohydrate intake at the expense of protein and PUFA might be associated with decreased diabetes risk.	Carbohydrates	24-36	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	74-78
18220271-8	2008	Cathepsin B-knockout mice and wild-type animals were place on a high-carbohydrate diet for 16 weeks, and mitochondrial function and liver damage were assessed.	Carbohydrates	69-81	cathepsin B	Mus musculus	0-11
34817202-4	2022	We found that virus-like particles produced by co-expression of SARS-CoV-2 S, M, E and N proteins contained spike glycoproteins that were extensively modified by complex carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	170-183	nucleocapsid phosphoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	87-88
18207466-9	2008	Carbohydrate-related genes were almost all involved in energy metabolism (e.g. Pfkm, Pgm1, Pgam1, Pfkfb1, Pfkfb2), whereas lipid-related genes were involved in energetics as well as other cellular processes; for both groups this included genes involved in rate-limiting metabolic steps.	Carbohydrates	0-12	phosphoglucomutase 1	Rattus norvegicus	85-89
15588939-4	2004	METHODS: EPO glycosylation analogs and rHuEPO were expressed and, in some cases, purified from Chinese hamster ovary cells and carbohydrate characterized by Western blotting.	Carbohydrates	127-139	erythropoietin	Cricetulus griseus	9-12
15602698-2	2004	This gene encodes for a fucolectin, which belongs to the lectin superfamily of carbohydrate binding proteins and specifically binds fucose residues.	Carbohydrates	79-91	x-epilectin S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	24-34
34569272-0	2021	Protein-carbohydrate interaction effects on energy balance, FGF21, IGF-1 and hypothalamic genes expression in rats.	Carbohydrates	8-20	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	67-72
15522777-3	2004	Previously, Ym1 has been studied with respect to its carbohydrate-binding ability and glycosyl hydrolysis activity and this has led to various inconclusive interpretations.	Carbohydrates	53-65	chitinase-like 3	Mus musculus	12-15
15464951-3	2004	A collection of fluorescein-conjugated saccharides was synthesized and used as probes with galectins-1 and -3 and the two carbohydrate recognition domains of galectin-4.	Carbohydrates	39-50	galectin 4	Homo sapiens	158-168
18047841-0	2008	The Galalpha1,3Galbeta1,4GlcNAc-R (alpha-Gal) epitope: a carbohydrate of unique evolution and clinical relevance.	Carbohydrates	57-69	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	4-7
34385064-6	2021	The change in expression of genes (ndufs4, Sdhalpha, and uqcrc2) involved in the mitochondrial respiratory complexes, and genes (polg1 and tk2) involved in the mitochondrial DNA replication and transcription indicates that these adverse effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism are caused by mitochondrial dysfunction.	Carbohydrates	248-260	ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein 2b	Danio rerio	57-63
18186095-4	2008	In vitro data are presented that demonstrate that carbohydrate modification of OVA leads to a 50-fold enhancement of presentation of antigenic peptide to CD4(+) T cells.	Carbohydrates	50-62	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	154-157
15464951-3	2004	A collection of fluorescein-conjugated saccharides was synthesized and used as probes with galectins-1 and -3 and the two carbohydrate recognition domains of galectin-4.	Carbohydrates	122-134	galectin 4	Homo sapiens	158-168
15364579-4	2004	The lectin pathway of complement, where mannose-binding lectin (MBL) recognizes the carbohydrate structures on pathogens, is activated by mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease-2 (MASP-2).	Carbohydrates	84-96	MBL associated serine protease 2	Homo sapiens	138-189
34685644-2	2021	GH produced from the pituitary somatotroph is considered the master regulator of somatic development and involved, directly and indirectly, in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism via complex, yet well-defined, signaling pathways.	Carbohydrates	143-155	growth hormone	Mus musculus	0-2
18070108-9	2008	In the absence of the carbohydrate moiety, activin receptor type I-mediated signaling of BMP-6 is totally diminished.	Carbohydrates	22-34	activin A receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	43-66
15128591-1	2004	The binding of zona pellucida (ZP) glycoprotein ZP3 to mouse sperm surface receptors is mediated by protein-carbohydrate interactions.	Carbohydrates	108-120	zona pellucida glycoprotein 3	Mus musculus	48-51
34556165-2	2021	Galectin-1 is a promising carbohydrate-binding protein which plays a remarkable role in various malignancies yet its clinical significance is questionable.	Carbohydrates	26-38	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
15454531-9	2004	Thus, Sol3p and Sol4p likely function in carbohydrate metabolism, while Sol1p and Sol2p appear to have roles in tRNA function and nuclear export, thereby defining an unusual protein family whose individual members are biochemically distinct and spatially dispersed.	Carbohydrates	41-53	6-phosphogluconolactonase SOL3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	6-11
18068107-5	2008	We investigated suppressive effects of AIP1, a water-soluble carbohydrate fraction from A. iwayomogi on ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma in BALB/c mice and studied the possible mechanisms of its anti-allergic action.	Carbohydrates	61-73	actin related protein T1	Homo sapiens	39-43
18473958-1	2008	Galectin LEC-1 isolated from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was the first galectin found in invertebrates and also the first tandem-repeat-type galectin identified, containing two homologous carbohydrate-binding sites.	Carbohydrates	196-208	32 kDa beta-galactoside-binding lectin;Galectin	Caenorhabditis elegans	9-14
17766679-3	2007	B cells with receptors for A carbohydrates in mice belonging to the CD5(+)CD11b(+)B-1a subset have phenotypic properties similar to those of human B cells.	Carbohydrates	29-42	CD5 antigen	Mus musculus	68-71
15333739-6	2004	G6PD activity is enhanced by the consumption of diets high in carbohydrate and is inhibited by the consumption of polyunsaturated fat.	Carbohydrates	62-74	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-4
34595128-10	2021	KEGG functional analysis suggested that inosine might affect gut microbiota through carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism pathways.	Carbohydrates	84-96	glucuronidase, beta	Mus musculus	61-64
15333706-1	2004	The intestinal Na(+)/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) and H(+)/peptide cotransporter 1 (PEPT1) play important roles in the absorption of carbohydrate and protein.	Carbohydrates	136-148	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	46-51
15115749-2	2004	SP-D binds carbohydrates in a calcium-dependent manner, but the mechanisms governing its ligand recognition specificity are not well understood.	Carbohydrates	11-24	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	0-4
17919658-2	2007	Here, we present evidence that Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18, CR-3) is a major neutrophil glycoprotein decorated with sLe(x) and ligation of these carbohydrate moieties by anti-sLe(x) antibody significantly impairs neutrophil functions.	Carbohydrates	135-147	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	31-36
17919658-2	2007	Here, we present evidence that Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18, CR-3) is a major neutrophil glycoprotein decorated with sLe(x) and ligation of these carbohydrate moieties by anti-sLe(x) antibody significantly impairs neutrophil functions.	Carbohydrates	135-147	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	38-43
17761836-0	2007	The regulation of the lymphatic secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) by intestinal absorption of fat and carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	113-125	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	45-68
15270511-8	2004	COG 1082.1, IolE), indicating that Lmo2234 might be involved in bacterial carbohydrate transport and metabolism.	Carbohydrates	74-86	lmo2234	Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e	35-42
34369624-5	2021	Among these, the p53-responsive carbohydrate metabolic genes Tp53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) and Cytochrome C Oxidase assembly protein 2 (SCO2), which are the key regulators of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation respectively, are under direct regulation of TCF19.	Carbohydrates	32-44	synthesis of cytochrome C oxidase 2	Homo sapiens	162-166
15096474-6	2004	The other three lectins showed distinct carbohydrate recognition properties, assessed by blocking FITC-dextran uptake at 37 degrees C and by mannan binding activity at 4 degrees C. Furthermore, only SIGNR1 was efficient in mediating the capture by transfected cells of Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, while none of the lectins tested were competent to capture Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus.	Carbohydrates	40-52	CD209b antigen	Mus musculus	199-205
34604014-13	2021	In the PCOS group, a positive correlation was found between BMI and leptin concentration (r = 0.7176; p < 0.0001) and carbohydrate metabolism, such as insulin (r = 0.5524; p = 0.0003), glucose (r = 0.3843; p = 0.0157), HOMA-IR (r = 0.5895; p < 0.0001), and IRI/glucose (r = 0.3872; p = 0.0163).	Carbohydrates	118-130	leptin	Homo sapiens	68-74
15033940-1	2004	Cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants of plants are essentially a mixture of N-glycans containing beta1,2-xylose and core alpha1,3-fucose, the latter also found in insect glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	15-27	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	101-108
17761836-0	2007	The regulation of the lymphatic secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) by intestinal absorption of fat and carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	113-125	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	70-75
34169949-7	2021	Based on the analysis of Gene Ontology (GO), STRING and KEGG databases, MFG-E8 relieves oxidative stress induced-L6 cell damage by regulating the expression of these differential proteins mainly via carbon metabolism, glutathione metabolism and mitochondria-mediated metabolic pathways, e.g. carbohydrate, lipid and amino acid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	292-304	milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	72-78
17761836-9	2007	Second, they reveal that GLP-1 secretion into lymph occurs in response to both enteral carbohydrate and fat, but the response to dextrin occurs later than to Intralipid with peak times at 60 and 30 min, respectively.	Carbohydrates	87-99	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	25-30
17978468-5	2007	Although both lectin domains have an affinity for N-acetyllactosamine (Galbeta1-4GlcNAc)-containing, N-linked, complex-type sugar chains, the N-terminal lectin domain of LEC-1 recognizes blood group A saccharide (GalNAcalpha1-3(Fucalpha1-2)Galbeta1-3GlcNAc), whereas this saccharide is only poorly recognized by the C-terminal domain.	Carbohydrates	201-211	32 kDa beta-galactoside-binding lectin;Galectin	Caenorhabditis elegans	170-175
14711836-0	2004	Characterization of a novel C-type lectin-like gene, LSECtin: demonstration of carbohydrate binding and expression in sinusoidal endothelial cells of liver and lymph node.	Carbohydrates	79-91	C-type lectin domain family 4 member G	Homo sapiens	53-60
34439035-11	2021	The amount of GOX was significantly higher in bee-processed sucrose solutions, suggesting that processor bees can secrete a higher portion of carbohydrate metabolism enzymes.	Carbohydrates	142-154	glucose oxidase	Apis mellifera	14-17
14990722-2	2004	Recent studies of norovirus attachment in vitro by using recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) suggest that various norovirus strains exhibit different patterns of attachment to ABH histo-blood group antigens, which are carbohydrate epitopes present in high concentrations on mucosal cell surfaces of the gut.	Carbohydrates	222-234	alkB homolog 1, histone H2A dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	180-183
14747738-0	2004	Structure of the saccharide-binding domain of the human natural killer cell inhibitory receptor p75/AIRM1.	Carbohydrates	17-27	killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor, two Ig domains and short cytoplasmic tail 2	Homo sapiens	56-95
34288135-7	2021	Greater first trimester intake of omega-6 polyunsaturated fat (effect per 1% of calories at the expense of carbohydrates) was associated with lower DNA methylation of IGF2-DMR (-1.2%; 95% confidence interval (CI): -2.2%, -0.2%) and higher DNA methylation at H19-DMR (0.8%; 95% CI: 0.3%, 1.3%).	Carbohydrates	107-120	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	167-171
15115909-1	2004	Galectin-4 belongs to a subfamily of galectins composed of two carbohydrate recognition domains within the same peptide chain.	Carbohydrates	63-75	galectin 4	Homo sapiens	0-10
15115911-0	2004	Developmental changes in the biochemical and immunological characters of the carbohydrate moiety of neuroglycan C, a brain-specific chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan.	Carbohydrates	77-89	chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 5	Rattus norvegicus	100-113
15115911-7	2004	These findings indicate that the structure of the carbohydrate moiety of NGC is developmentally regulated, and differs from those of neurocan and phosphacan.	Carbohydrates	50-62	chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 5	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
15115911-8	2004	The developmentally-regulated structural change of the carbohydrates on NGC may be partly implicated in the modulation of neuronal cell recognition during brain development.	Carbohydrates	55-68	chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 5	Rattus norvegicus	72-75
34288135-7	2021	Greater first trimester intake of omega-6 polyunsaturated fat (effect per 1% of calories at the expense of carbohydrates) was associated with lower DNA methylation of IGF2-DMR (-1.2%; 95% confidence interval (CI): -2.2%, -0.2%) and higher DNA methylation at H19-DMR (0.8%; 95% CI: 0.3%, 1.3%).	Carbohydrates	107-120	H19 imprinted maternally expressed transcript	Homo sapiens	258-261
15481146-0	2004	Identification of the mycobacterial carbohydrate structure that binds the C-type lectins DC-SIGN, L-SIGN and SIGNR1.	Carbohydrates	36-48	CD209b antigen	Mus musculus	109-115
34219624-1	2021	Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is the first member of galectin family, which has a carbohydrate recognition domain, specifically binds towards beta-galactoside containing oligosaccharides.	Carbohydrates	71-83	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
14668275-7	2003	After consumption of the high-carbohydrate, high-fiber meal, serum IL-18 concentrations decreased from baseline concentrations (P &lt; 0.05) in both nondiabetic and diabetic subjects; adiponectin concentrations decreased after the high-carbohydrate, low-fiber meal in diabetic patients.	Carbohydrates	30-42	interleukin 18	Homo sapiens	67-72
34219624-1	2021	Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is the first member of galectin family, which has a carbohydrate recognition domain, specifically binds towards beta-galactoside containing oligosaccharides.	Carbohydrates	71-83	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	12-17
34219624-2	2021	Owing its association with carbohydrates, Gal-1 is involved in many biological processes such as cell signaling, adhesion and pathological pathways such as metastasis, apoptosis and increased tumour cell survival.	Carbohydrates	27-40	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	42-47
14638796-7	2003	In competitive assays beta-1,2 and alpha-1,2 tetramannosides were the most potent carbohydrate inhibitors, with 50% inhibitory concentrations of 2.58 and 6.99 mM, respectively.	Carbohydrates	82-94	transcriptional co-activator mating type protein alpha	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	35-44
34345561-0	2021	Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor-Induced Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis Followed by Excessively Low Carbohydrate Diet.	Carbohydrates	110-122	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-30
12871854-4	2003	We now show that lung and salivary gp-340 inhibit the hemagglutination activity and infectivity of IAV and agglutinate the virions through a mechanism distinct from that of SP-D. As in the case of SP-A, the antiviral effects of gp-340 are mediated by noncalcium-dependent interactions between the virus and sialic acid-bearing carbohydrates on gp-340.	Carbohydrates	327-340	deleted in malignant brain tumors 1	Homo sapiens	35-41
14612363-3	2003	SP-A and SP-D are calcium dependent carbohydrate binding proteins of the innate immune system important in the first line defence of the lung against microorganisms and in the control of lung inflammation.	Carbohydrates	36-48	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	9-13
34195217-14	2021	A GP-induced increase in intestinal carbohydrate oxidation was supported by: (1) increased gene expression of duodenal pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), (2) a decreased ratio of lactate dehydrogenase a (LDHa): LDHb in jejunum and colon tissues, and (3) decreased duodenal and colonic lactate concentrations.	Carbohydrates	36-48	lactate dehydrogenase B	Mus musculus	206-210
12881409-7	2003	Affinity purification of galectin-interacting proteins from solubilized neutrophil membrane revealed that N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of galectin-8 bound promatrix metalloproteinase-9 (proMMP-9), and C-terminal CRD bound integrin alphaM/CD11b and proMMP-9.	Carbohydrates	117-129	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	258-263
33870930-6	2021	RECENT FINDINGS: SGLT2 inhibitors given to patients with diabetes as monotherapy shift substrate utilization from carbohydrates to lipids, and have mild effects on the lipid profile.	Carbohydrates	114-127	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	17-22
14631106-0	2003	Carbohydrate structural units in glycoproteins and polysaccharides as important ligands for Gal and GalNAc reactive lectins.	Carbohydrates	0-12	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	92-95
14631106-12	2003	To facilitate the selection of lectins that could serve as structural probes, the carbohydrate binding properties of Gal/GalNAc reactive lectins have been classified according to their highest affinity for structural units and their binding profiles are expressed in decreasing order of reactivity.	Carbohydrates	82-94	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	117-120
14600557-1	2003	PURPOSE: To examine the effect of prolonged cycling on ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) in boys and men and whether carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion would lower RPE during exercise.	Carbohydrates	119-131	ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase	Homo sapiens	160-163
12919292-1	2003	The ABO blood group antigens are carbohydrate molecules synthesized by the glycosyltransferases encoded by the ABO gene on chromosome 9.	Carbohydrates	33-45	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	4-19
12919292-1	2003	The ABO blood group antigens are carbohydrate molecules synthesized by the glycosyltransferases encoded by the ABO gene on chromosome 9.	Carbohydrates	33-45	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	4-7
12874235-5	2003	The more potent activity of pSP-D results from interactions mediated by the asparagine-linked oligosaccharide located in the carbohydrate recognition domain of pSP-D, which is absent in SP-Ds from other species characterized to date.	Carbohydrates	125-137	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	28-33
12874235-5	2003	The more potent activity of pSP-D results from interactions mediated by the asparagine-linked oligosaccharide located in the carbohydrate recognition domain of pSP-D, which is absent in SP-Ds from other species characterized to date.	Carbohydrates	125-137	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	160-165
12730206-13	2003	Collectively, our results show that carbohydrate recognition domains of SP-D interact with the dermatan sulfate moiety of decorin via lectin activity and that the core protein of decorin binds the collagen-like region of SP-D in vitro, and these interactions may be operative in vivo.	Carbohydrates	36-48	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	72-76
12874601-7	2003	B3GAT1 is the key enzyme during the biosynthesis of the carbohydrate epitope HNK-1, which is present on a number of cell adhesion molecules important in neurodevelopment.	Carbohydrates	56-68	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	0-6
12874601-7	2003	B3GAT1 is the key enzyme during the biosynthesis of the carbohydrate epitope HNK-1, which is present on a number of cell adhesion molecules important in neurodevelopment.	Carbohydrates	56-68	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	77-82
12945896-1	2003	Glycopeptides that bind to MHC molecules on antigen presenting cells may elicit carbohydrate selective T cells.	Carbohydrates	80-92	major histocompatibility complex, class I, C	Homo sapiens	27-30
12945896-6	2003	Our observation suggests an explanation for previous findings, which show that glycopeptides isolated from MHC molecules in nature usually carry small saccharides.	Carbohydrates	151-162	major histocompatibility complex, class I, C	Homo sapiens	107-110
12706535-1	2003	Lung surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a carbohydrate pattern recognition immune molecule.	Carbohydrates	38-50	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	0-25
12706535-1	2003	Lung surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a carbohydrate pattern recognition immune molecule.	Carbohydrates	38-50	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	27-31
12706535-3	2003	SP-D has also been shown to interact, via its carbohydrate recognition domains, with glycoprotein allergens of house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Derp), inhibiting specific IgE isolated from mite-sensitive asthmatic patients from binding these allergens, and blocking subsequent histamine release from sensitized basophils.	Carbohydrates	46-58	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	0-4
12880109-8	2003	Taken together, these results suggest that carbohydrate induces PCE as well as SCD activity to increase the hepatic 18:1 content in rat liver, and the increased PCE activity seems to be responsible for the further increase in 18:1 n-9 when carbohydrate is administered in combination with clofibric acid.	Carbohydrates	43-55	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
12663230-3	2003	Studies were performed to examine whether HGF influences carbohydrate metabolism, which is drastically changed in the early course of the regeneration.	Carbohydrates	57-69	hepatocyte growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	42-45
12770644-9	2003	The activities of enzymes that participate in the synthesis of saccharides and glycoconjugates (L-glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase) and their degradation (N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase) were also evaluated.	Carbohydrates	63-74	glucuronidase, beta	Rattus norvegicus	204-222
12574325-0	2003	Cutting edge: carbohydrate profiling identifies new pathogens that interact with dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin on dendritic cells.	Carbohydrates	14-26	intercellular adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	105-111
12574325-3	2003	In this study, we analyzed the carbohydrate specificity of DC-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin (SIGN)/CD209, the recently documented HIV-1 receptor on DC.	Carbohydrates	31-43	intercellular adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	71-77
12636284-0	2003	Carbohydrate-derived chlorinated compounds in ECF bleaching of hardwood pulps: formation, degradation, and contribution to AOX in a bleached kraft pulp mill.	Carbohydrates	0-12	acyl-CoA oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	123-126
12524383-2	2003	The human collectins, mannan-binding lectin (MBL) and surfactant protein A and D (SP-A and SP-D), are oligomeric proteins composed of carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) attached to collagenous regions and are thus structurally similar to the ficolins, L-ficolin, M-ficolin, and H-ficolin.	Carbohydrates	134-146	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	91-95
14579548-3	2003	Ricin binds to cell surface carbohydrates, is internalised then causes cell death by inhibiting protein synthesis.	Carbohydrates	28-41	ricin	Ricinus communis	0-5
12384508-6	2002	In both assays, the four mutants carrying a carbohydrate side chain at positions 467, 511, 652, or 1683 displayed attenuated FXa binding, whereas the prothrombin affinity was unaffected.	Carbohydrates	44-56	coagulation factor X	Homo sapiens	125-128
12384508-7	2002	The affinity toward FXa could be restored when the mutants were expressed in the presence of tunicamycin to inhibit glycosylation, indicating the lost FXa affinity to be caused by the added carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	190-203	coagulation factor X	Homo sapiens	20-23
12384508-7	2002	The affinity toward FXa could be restored when the mutants were expressed in the presence of tunicamycin to inhibit glycosylation, indicating the lost FXa affinity to be caused by the added carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	190-203	coagulation factor X	Homo sapiens	151-154
12475242-1	2002	The transcription factor cyclic AMP receptor protein, CRP, regulates the operons that encode proteins involved in translocation and metabolism of carbohydrates in Escherichia coli.	Carbohydrates	146-159	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	54-57
12218059-8	2002	Both hCGn6ST and mIGn6ST, but not hIGn6ST, transfer sulfate to longer carbohydrate substrates that have poly-N-acetyllactosamine structures, suggesting the involvement of hCGn6ST and mIGn6ST in production of keratan sulfate.	Carbohydrates	70-82	carbohydrate (N-acetylglucosamine 6-O) sulfotransferase 5	Mus musculus	17-24
12391246-3	2002	In this study we investigated the role of carbohydrates in mediating adhesive interactions between T84 intestinal epithelial cells and CD11b/CD18 purified from PMN.	Carbohydrates	42-55	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	135-140
12492811-0	2002	A male genital tract-specific carbohydrate epitope on human CD52: implications for immunocontraception.	Carbohydrates	30-42	CD52 molecule	Homo sapiens	60-64
12371933-3	2002	Here, we present evidence suggesting that the majority of human anti-non-Gal antibodies are specific for carbohydrate structures carrying terminally linked N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc), a xenoantigen existing in almost all animals except humans.	Carbohydrates	105-117	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	73-76
12407306-6	2002	The most convincing evidence for a causal relationship can be drawn from IgM monoclonal gammopathies with specificities directed against carbohydrate determinants of the myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG).	Carbohydrates	137-149	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	170-200
12407306-6	2002	The most convincing evidence for a causal relationship can be drawn from IgM monoclonal gammopathies with specificities directed against carbohydrate determinants of the myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG).	Carbohydrates	137-149	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	202-205
17907279-2	2007	In particular, we have studied the specific interaction between lung surfactant protein D and various carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	102-115	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	64-89
17553476-8	2007	Furthermore, 2-deoxyglucose activated p70S6K suggesting that phosphorylation of glucose is required for carbohydrate-mediated mTOR signalling in the heart.	Carbohydrates	104-116	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	126-130
17596329-1	2007	We previously reported that oxytocin knockout (OT KO) mice display markedly enhanced intake of sweet and nonsweet carbohydrate solutions compared with intake by wild-type (WT) mice of the same background strain.	Carbohydrates	114-126	oxytocin	Mus musculus	28-36
17609270-7	2007	Synthesis of alpha-Gal epitopes on carbohydrate chains of PR8 virus (PR8(alpha gal)) was catalyzed by recombinant alpha1,3GT, the glycosylation enzyme that synthesizes alpha-Gal epitopes in cells of nonprimate mammals.	Carbohydrates	35-47	glycoprotein galactosyltransferase alpha 1, 3	Mus musculus	168-177
17239614-5	2007	In HA-inhibition assays performed with several carbohydrates and glycoproteins, LVL showed a distinct and unique specificity for GalNAc/GluNAc/NeuAc which had an acetyl group, while glycoproteins fetuin and bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM) had sialic acid.	Carbohydrates	47-60	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	17-18
17543477-1	2007	The complete genome of the psychrophilic bacteria Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC 125, recently published, owns a gene coding for a putative esterase activity corresponding to the ORF PSHAa1385, also classified in the Carbohydrate Active Enzymes database (CAZY) belonging to family 1 of carbohydrate esterase proteins.	Carbohydrates	221-233	PSHA_RS14110	Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125	144-152
17543477-1	2007	The complete genome of the psychrophilic bacteria Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC 125, recently published, owns a gene coding for a putative esterase activity corresponding to the ORF PSHAa1385, also classified in the Carbohydrate Active Enzymes database (CAZY) belonging to family 1 of carbohydrate esterase proteins.	Carbohydrates	221-233	PSHA_RS06810	Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125	187-196
17543477-1	2007	The complete genome of the psychrophilic bacteria Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC 125, recently published, owns a gene coding for a putative esterase activity corresponding to the ORF PSHAa1385, also classified in the Carbohydrate Active Enzymes database (CAZY) belonging to family 1 of carbohydrate esterase proteins.	Carbohydrates	221-233	PSHA_RS14110	Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125	303-311
17627761-8	2007	Most of the non-synonymous SNPs identified in Mbl1 and Mbl2 occurred in the carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs), and some resulted in altered residues close to known ligand binding sites.	Carbohydrates	76-88	mannose-binding lectin (protein A) 1	Mus musculus	46-50
17627761-8	2007	Most of the non-synonymous SNPs identified in Mbl1 and Mbl2 occurred in the carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs), and some resulted in altered residues close to known ligand binding sites.	Carbohydrates	76-88	mannose-binding lectin (protein C) 2	Mus musculus	55-59
17660449-2	2007	The Spot14 gene is activated in response to lipogenic stimuli such as dietary carbohydrate and is also under circadian regulation.	Carbohydrates	78-90	thyroid hormone responsive	Mus musculus	4-10
17540770-1	2007	The S-nitrosylated proteoglycan glypican-1 recycles via endosomes where its heparan sulfate chains are degraded into anhydromannose-containing saccharides by NO-catalyzed deaminative cleavage.	Carbohydrates	143-154	glypican 1	Homo sapiens	32-42
17582096-0	2007	Characterization of carbohydrate structures of bovine MUC15 and distribution of the mucin in bovine milk.	Carbohydrates	20-32	mucin 15, cell surface associated	Bos taurus	54-59
17582096-5	2007	Compositional and structural studies of the carbohydrates of bovine milk MUC15 showed that the glycans are composed of fucose, galactose, mannose, N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylglycosamine, and sialic acid.	Carbohydrates	44-57	mucin 15, cell surface associated	Bos taurus	73-78
12354671-1	2002	The cytosolic PEPCK gene is a model gene for assessing retinoid regulation of liver-specific genes encoding enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	119-131	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1, cytosolic	Mus musculus	14-19
34072910-10	2021	These results suggest that reducing maternal energy, carbohydrate, fat and sugar intake over a 2-week period is associated with significant reductions in HM insulin, leptin and adiponectin concentrations.	Carbohydrates	53-65	leptin	Homo sapiens	166-172
12161112-0	2002	Design, synthesis and biological activity of carbohydrate-containing peptidomimetics as new ligands for the human tachykinin NK-2 receptor.	Carbohydrates	45-57	tachykinin receptor 2	Homo sapiens	125-129
17311895-5	2007	Subjects were administered carbohydrate (CHO; 1 g.kg(-1).h(-1) Gatorlode) or water [placebo (PL)] during 5 h of recovery.	Carbohydrates	27-39	kinesin family member 23	Homo sapiens	41-47
17009044-4	2007	The kinetics of the carbohydrate-specific IgG response correlated with a temporary release of cytokines such as IFNgamma, IL-2, IL-1beta, TNFalpha and GM-CSF which was measurable in the immune serum by xMAP Multiplex technology.	Carbohydrates	20-32	interferon gamma	Macaca mulatta	112-120
17009044-4	2007	The kinetics of the carbohydrate-specific IgG response correlated with a temporary release of cytokines such as IFNgamma, IL-2, IL-1beta, TNFalpha and GM-CSF which was measurable in the immune serum by xMAP Multiplex technology.	Carbohydrates	20-32	tumor necrosis factor	Macaca mulatta	138-146
35467332-1	2022	O-GlcNAc is an essential carbohydrate modification that intersects with phosphorylation signaling pathways via crosstalk on protein substrates or by direct modification of the kinases that write the phosphate modification.	Carbohydrates	25-37	O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase	Homo sapiens	0-8
17513880-0	2007	Evidence for carbohydrate recognition and homotypic and heterotypic binding by the TIM family.	Carbohydrates	13-25	translocation induced circling mutation	Mus musculus	83-86
12151204-1	2002	Alpha-Gal epitopes (also termed as alpha-Gal) are carbohydrate structures bearing the alpha-D-Gal-(1--&gt;3)-beta-D-Gal terminus 1 and are known to be the antigen responsible for antibody-mediated hyperacute rejection in xenotransplantation.	Carbohydrates	50-62	glycoprotein galactosyltransferase alpha 1, 3	Mus musculus	0-9
12151204-1	2002	Alpha-Gal epitopes (also termed as alpha-Gal) are carbohydrate structures bearing the alpha-D-Gal-(1--&gt;3)-beta-D-Gal terminus 1 and are known to be the antigen responsible for antibody-mediated hyperacute rejection in xenotransplantation.	Carbohydrates	50-62	glycoprotein galactosyltransferase alpha 1, 3	Mus musculus	35-44
12023968-0	2002	The role of constant region carbohydrate in the assembly and secretion of human IgD and IgA1.	Carbohydrates	28-40	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1	Homo sapiens	88-92
17513880-7	2007	Using a glycan array screen, we identified the novel capacity of the TIM-3 Ig domain to recognize specific carbohydrate moieties, suggesting a role for carbohydrate modification along with protein epitopes in TIM ligand recognition.	Carbohydrates	107-119	translocation induced circling mutation	Mus musculus	69-72
35529459-6	2022	The GI is a measure of the ability of the available carbohydrate in a food to increase blood glucose.	Carbohydrates	52-64	G protein subunit alpha i1	Homo sapiens	4-6
17513880-7	2007	Using a glycan array screen, we identified the novel capacity of the TIM-3 Ig domain to recognize specific carbohydrate moieties, suggesting a role for carbohydrate modification along with protein epitopes in TIM ligand recognition.	Carbohydrates	107-119	translocation induced circling mutation	Mus musculus	209-212
17513880-7	2007	Using a glycan array screen, we identified the novel capacity of the TIM-3 Ig domain to recognize specific carbohydrate moieties, suggesting a role for carbohydrate modification along with protein epitopes in TIM ligand recognition.	Carbohydrates	152-164	translocation induced circling mutation	Mus musculus	69-72
17513880-8	2007	Identification of the carbohydrate-binding capacity of TIM proteins helps explain the diversity of ligands recognized by this family and adds to our understanding of homotypic and heterotypic interactions between TIM family members.	Carbohydrates	22-34	translocation induced circling mutation	Mus musculus	55-58
17513880-8	2007	Identification of the carbohydrate-binding capacity of TIM proteins helps explain the diversity of ligands recognized by this family and adds to our understanding of homotypic and heterotypic interactions between TIM family members.	Carbohydrates	22-34	translocation induced circling mutation	Mus musculus	213-216
12234361-6	2002	C-type lectins such as DC-SIGN contain a lectin domain that recognizes in a Ca2+-dependent manner carbohydrates such as mannose-containing structures presented on the glycoproteins ICAM-2 and ICAM-3.	Carbohydrates	98-111	intercellular adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	192-198
12374194-0	2002	Carbohydrate structural units in glycosphingolipids as receptors for Gal and GalNAc reactive lectins.	Carbohydrates	0-12	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	69-72
12374194-1	2002	Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) contain many carbohydrate epitopes or crypto-glycotopes for Gal and GalNAc reactive lectins.	Carbohydrates	39-51	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	86-89
12374194-7	2002	To facilitate the selection of lectins that could serve as structural probes, the carbohydrate binding specificities of Gal/GalNAc reactive lectins have been classified according to their highest affinity for the structural units and their binding properties expressed by decreasing order of reactivity.	Carbohydrates	82-94	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	120-123
35529459-8	2022	The GI has increased understanding about physiological responses to carbohydrate-containing foods, yet its role in food-based dietary guidance and diet quality is unresolved.	Carbohydrates	68-80	G protein subunit alpha i1	Homo sapiens	4-6
17392366-4	2007	To determine the precise locations and receptor binding modes of HBGA carbohydrates on the viral capsids, a recombinant P protein of a GII-4 strain norovirus, VA387, was cocrystallized with synthetic type A or B trisaccharides.	Carbohydrates	70-83	hemoglobin subunit gamma 1	Homo sapiens	65-69
35091670-8	2022	The functional prediction of microbial communities by PICRUSt analysis showed that there were 7 KEGG pathways related to carbohydrate metabolism changed after MFGM-PL supplementation to HFD dams, including glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and insulin signaling pathway.	Carbohydrates	121-133	milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	159-163
17286556-1	2007	Adiponectin is intimately involved in the regulation of insulin sensitivity, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and cardiovascular functions.	Carbohydrates	77-89	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	0-11
12122147-7	2002	The apparently low safety factor for SGLT1 is made possible by the contribution of hindgut fermentation to carbohydrate digestion.	Carbohydrates	107-119	solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucose cotransporter), member 1	Mus musculus	37-42
12100021-4	2002	Sulphated glycolipids and sulphated polysaccharides interfere with the binding of P- and L-selectin with carbohydrate ligands on endothelial cells or on leucocytes.	Carbohydrates	105-117	selectin L	Rattus norvegicus	89-99
35163925-8	2022	Comparative transcriptomic analyses revealed a number of differentially expressed genes and various changed metabolic pathways mediated by the CC1 action, such as down-regulated carbohydrate transport and/or utilization and energy metabolism in four pathogenic strains tested.	Carbohydrates	178-190	C-C motif chemokine ligand 14	Homo sapiens	143-146
12021047-2	2002	Unique modification of CD52 N-linked oligosaccharide chains in the epididymis and vas deferens results in the appearance of a carbohydrate epitope that is localized over the entire surface of human spermatozoa.	Carbohydrates	126-138	CD52 molecule	Homo sapiens	23-27
12021047-13	2002	These data indicate that the distinctive carbohydrate moiety of human sperm CD52 is present in the chimpanzee, and they identify the chimpanzee as the most appropriate primate model to study the potential of this unique CD52 glycoform as a contraceptive immunogen.	Carbohydrates	41-53	CD52 molecule	Homo sapiens	76-80
17533582-3	2007	Therefore, we studied the effect of high-carbohydrate diet on adiponectin levels in the rat models of hypertension and insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	41-53	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	62-73
12084821-9	2002	Despite major changes in metabolism between wri1 and wild-type seeds, &lt;1% of genes differed by more than twofold, and most of these were involved in central lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	170-182	Integrase-type DNA-binding superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	44-48
34662400-11	2022	We propose that BAM9 activates starch degradation, helping to manage carbohydrate availability in response to fluctuations in environmental conditions.	Carbohydrates	69-81	beta-amylase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	16-20
11983014-1	2002	The hyperacute rejection observed in models of pig-to-human xenotransplantation is mainly because of the presence of natural antibodies in human blood with specificity for the Galalpha(1-3)Gal (Gal) carbohydrate moiety present on the surface of porcine endothelial cells.	Carbohydrates	199-211	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	176-192
11983014-1	2002	The hyperacute rejection observed in models of pig-to-human xenotransplantation is mainly because of the presence of natural antibodies in human blood with specificity for the Galalpha(1-3)Gal (Gal) carbohydrate moiety present on the surface of porcine endothelial cells.	Carbohydrates	199-211	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	176-179
35056163-2	2022	alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) and alpha-amylase inhibitors (AAIs) block the function of digestive enzymes, which delays the carbohydrate hydrolysis process and ultimately helps to control the postprandial hyperglycemia.	Carbohydrates	130-142	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	0-17
11895782-0	2002	Expression of ABO or related antigenic carbohydrates on viral envelopes leads to neutralization in the presence of serum containing specific natural antibodies and complement.	Carbohydrates	39-52	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	14-17
11806998-5	2002	P-selectin-dependent adhesion of immature DCs correlates with their higher level of expression of the carbohydrate epitope cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA) and is blocked by a novel inhibitory antibody against mouse P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1).	Carbohydrates	102-114	clasper	Mus musculus	123-168
11714702-0	2002	Effects of modulation of glycerol kinase expression on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in human muscle cells.	Carbohydrates	65-77	glycerol kinase	Homo sapiens	25-40
35320552-1	2022	Galectin-1 is a small (14.5 kDa) multifunctional protein with cell-cell and cell-ECM adhesion due to interactions with the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD).	Carbohydrates	123-135	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
12545205-0	2002	Carbohydrate moieties of N-cadherin from human melanoma cell lines.	Carbohydrates	0-12	cadherin 2	Homo sapiens	25-35
2623081-7	1989	Since secretion of pancreatic amylase, the enzyme that initiates starch digestion, is decreased in obese rats, this result suggests that alterations of digestive and/or absorptive processes may underlie the obese rat"s impaired satiety response to complex carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	256-268	amylase 2a3	Rattus norvegicus	19-37
16233199-6	2002	We have also characterized the reactivity of the Hep27 Mab to synthetic carbohydrate epitopes and 1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (PDMP)-treated HCC-S102 cells.	Carbohydrates	72-84	dehydrogenase/reductase 2	Homo sapiens	49-54
11730337-4	2001	The results show that the technique accurately determines the carbohydrate content of recombinant stem cell factor.	Carbohydrates	62-74	KIT ligand	Homo sapiens	98-114
11723073-1	2001	Recently, a role for uncoupling protein-3 (UCP3) in carbohydrate metabolism and in type 2 diabetes has been suggested.	Carbohydrates	52-64	uncoupling protein 3	Homo sapiens	21-41
11723073-1	2001	Recently, a role for uncoupling protein-3 (UCP3) in carbohydrate metabolism and in type 2 diabetes has been suggested.	Carbohydrates	52-64	uncoupling protein 3	Homo sapiens	43-47
11606787-0	2001	Compared with saturated fatty acids, dietary monounsaturated fatty acids and carbohydrates increase atherosclerosis and VLDL cholesterol levels in LDL receptor-deficient, but not apolipoprotein E-deficient, mice.	Carbohydrates	77-90	low density lipoprotein receptor	Mus musculus	147-159
11675368-6	2001	Stimulation by peptide or carbohydrate resulted in loss of L-selectin on CD4+ T cells confirming a Th1 phenotype.	Carbohydrates	26-38	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	73-76
11742106-5	2001	The secondary structure of PP13 was identical with "proto-type" galectins consisting of a five- and a six-stranded beta-sheet, joined by two alpha-helices, and galectins" highly conserved carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) was also present in PP13.	Carbohydrates	188-200	galectin 13	Homo sapiens	27-31
11732114-2	2001	In contrast to protein-based blood groups, the antigens of the ABO system are carbohydrate antigens.	Carbohydrates	78-90	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	63-66
11498026-2	2001	When the diet is rich in carbohydrates, secreted insulin stimulates the expression of genes for enzymes involved in glucose utilization (glucokinase, L-type pyruvate kinase and lipogenic enzymes) and inhibits genes for enzymes involved in glucose production (phosphenolpyruvate carboxykinase).	Carbohydrates	25-38	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	137-148
11506229-1	2001	Nano-ESI QTOF MS was used for sensitive mapping and sequencing of single molecular species in complex ganglioside mixtures obtained from human granulocytes, where the fucosylated carbohydrate chains of granulocyte gangliosides carry sLex and VIM-2 epitopes postulated to interact with E-selectin of the blood vessel wall in the early phase of the inflammation process.	Carbohydrates	179-191	vimentin 2, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	242-247
11894744-1	2001	Dietary digestible carbohydrates are able to modulate lipogenesis, by modifying the expression of genes coding for key lipogenic enzymes, like fatty acid synthase.	Carbohydrates	19-32	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	143-162
11468550-2	2001	The Gal knockout (Gal o/o) mouse, produced by homologous disruption of the alpha1,3GT gene, spontaneously makes anti-galalpha(1,3)gal antibodies and can be used to study the genetic control of humoral immune responses to this carbohydrate epitope.	Carbohydrates	226-238	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	4-7
11408420-8	2001	Carbohydrate ingestion, however, had a major effect in attenuating increases in cortisol and two anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-10 and IL-1ra.	Carbohydrates	0-12	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	126-131
11369615-9	2001	These results suggest that a functional GHR able to modulate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism is synthesized during preimplantation development of the bovine embryo and that this GHR may be subject to activation by embryonic GH after Day 8.	Carbohydrates	61-73	growth hormone receptor	Bos taurus	40-43
11369615-9	2001	These results suggest that a functional GHR able to modulate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism is synthesized during preimplantation development of the bovine embryo and that this GHR may be subject to activation by embryonic GH after Day 8.	Carbohydrates	61-73	growth hormone receptor	Bos taurus	180-183
11414798-0	2001	Intrahippocampal administration of an antibody against the HNK-1 carbohydrate impairs memory consolidation in an inhibitory learning task in mice.	Carbohydrates	65-77	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	59-64
11414798-1	2001	Many cell adhesion molecules express the HNK-1 carbohydrate involved in formation and functioning of synapses.	Carbohydrates	47-59	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	41-46
11414798-7	2001	Our observations show that the HNK-1 carbohydrate is critically involved in memory consolidation in hippocampus-dependent learning in mammals.	Carbohydrates	37-49	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	31-36
11369536-5	2001	The hydrophilic surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D are members of a family of collagenous carbohydrate binding proteins, known as collectins, consisting of oligomers of trimeric subunits.	Carbohydrates	89-101	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	45-49
11289136-2	2001	CD44 is a receptor that binds to hyaluronan (HA), a carbohydrate consisting of beta1,3 N-acetyl glucosaminyl-beta1,4 glucuronide.	Carbohydrates	52-64	CD44 antigen	Mus musculus	0-4
11243846-13	2001	The data suggest that Asn-linked carbohydrate groups account for much of the p77 mass of the MC5-R.	Carbohydrates	33-45	melanocortin 5 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	93-98
11172768-7	2001	Glucose loading for 1-3 days further increased the intensity of FLI in these same regions, consistent with a dependence of Fos expression on carbohydrate metabolism as well as on thiamin deficiency.	Carbohydrates	141-153	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	123-126
11160353-1	2001	In many cancer cells the alteration of glycosylation processes leads to the expression of cryptic carbohydrate moieties, which make them good targets for immune intervention.	Carbohydrates	98-110	cripto, FRL-1, cryptic family 1	Mus musculus	90-97
11239513-2	2001	The aim of this study was to address the carbohydrate changes of serum IgA1 from patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, as a possible cause of the elevation.	Carbohydrates	41-53	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1	Homo sapiens	71-75
11289269-7	2001	Equine kappa-casein was recognized by a lectin specific for one of the glucosidic bonds in the saccharide moiety of bovine kappa-casein.	Carbohydrates	95-105	casein kappa	Equus caballus	7-19
11313189-9	2001	In samples with reproducibly detectable SP-D or SP-A, their carbohydrate binding capacity was zero.	Carbohydrates	60-72	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	40-44
11024028-8	2001	N-Glycanase digestion showed that RhBG/Rhbg has a carbohydrate moiety probably attached at the NHS motif on exoloop 1.	Carbohydrates	50-62	Rh family B glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	34-38
11024028-8	2001	N-Glycanase digestion showed that RhBG/Rhbg has a carbohydrate moiety probably attached at the NHS motif on exoloop 1.	Carbohydrates	50-62	Rh family B glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	39-43
11375432-3	2001	G6PD activity is enhanced by dietary carbohydrates and is inhibited by dietary polyunsaturated fats.	Carbohydrates	37-50	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-4
11116398-4	2001	Analysis of specific activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase of the pentose phosphate pathway showed the upward regulation of alternate pathways of carbohydrate metabolism under cold stress to rapidly generate energy to overcome the stress.	Carbohydrates	193-205	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	35-68
11136621-2	2001	The aim of this study was to analyse the nutritional regulation of PEPCK gene expression in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), which are known to use dietary carbohydrates poorly.	Carbohydrates	160-173	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase	Oncorhynchus mykiss	67-72
11833461-7	2001	In the liver, when the diet is rich in carbohydrates, insulin is secreted and stimulates the expression of genes involved in glucose utilization (glucokinase, L-pyruvate kinase, lipogenic enzymes) and inhibits genes involved in glucose production (phosphenolpyruvate carboxykinase).	Carbohydrates	39-52	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	146-157
11475972-3	2001	SKN absorbs toxic products least actively, but corrects the carbohydrate metabolism indexes better than KAU.	Carbohydrates	60-72	hedgehog acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-3
11474122-8	2001	CONCLUSION: The study of carbohydrate ligands for MBP revealed binding of octa- and decasaccharides of gastric mucin.	Carbohydrates	25-37	myelin basic protein	Rattus norvegicus	50-53
11474122-8	2001	CONCLUSION: The study of carbohydrate ligands for MBP revealed binding of octa- and decasaccharides of gastric mucin.	Carbohydrates	25-37	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	111-116
11215480-6	2001	ABO system on the carbohydrate and Rh system on the protein are the most important systems in transfusion medicine.	Carbohydrates	18-30	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-3
11159927-0	2000	In vivo trafficking and catabolism of IgG1 antibodies with Fc associated carbohydrates of differing structure.	Carbohydrates	73-86	LOC105243590	Mus musculus	38-42
11159927-2	2000	Analysis of the attached carbohydrates shows those present on IgG1-Lec 1 were mannose terminated.	Carbohydrates	25-38	LOC105243590	Mus musculus	62-66
11159927-3	2000	Carbohydrate present on IgG1-Lec8 was uniformly biantennary terminating in N-acetylglucosamine.	Carbohydrates	0-12	LOC105243590	Mus musculus	24-28
11159927-5	2000	Only IgG1-Pro-5 was sialylated with sialic acid present on only a small percentage of the carbohydrate structures.	Carbohydrates	90-102	LOC105243590	Mus musculus	5-9
11121547-0	2000	Natural anti-carbohydrate IgM in mice: dependence on age and strain.	Carbohydrates	13-25	immunoglobulin heavy constant mu	Mus musculus	26-29
11121547-3	2000	An assay was developed and used to screen for anti-carbohydrate IgM in the serum of BDF-1 mice.	Carbohydrates	51-63	immunoglobulin heavy constant mu	Mus musculus	64-67
11121547-4	2000	Among the natural anti-carbohydrate IgM identified, anti-betaGlcNAc IgM were the most abundant.	Carbohydrates	23-35	immunoglobulin heavy constant mu	Mus musculus	36-39
11121547-4	2000	Among the natural anti-carbohydrate IgM identified, anti-betaGlcNAc IgM were the most abundant.	Carbohydrates	23-35	immunoglobulin heavy constant mu	Mus musculus	68-71
10913141-2	2000	By binding directly to carbohydrates on the surfaces of potential microbial pathogens, MBP and MBP-associated serine proteases (MASPs) can replace antibodies and complement components C1q, C1r, and C1s of the classical complement pathway.	Carbohydrates	23-36	myelin basic protein	Rattus norvegicus	87-90
10913141-2	2000	By binding directly to carbohydrates on the surfaces of potential microbial pathogens, MBP and MBP-associated serine proteases (MASPs) can replace antibodies and complement components C1q, C1r, and C1s of the classical complement pathway.	Carbohydrates	23-36	myelin basic protein	Rattus norvegicus	95-98
10998274-1	2000	A method for preventing interference by the glycoprotein complement C3 and its beta-globulin split products in the capillary electrophoretic analysis of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin was developed.	Carbohydrates	153-165	complement C3	Homo sapiens	57-70
10998274-6	2000	Altering the electrophoretic behavior of complement C3, by treating fresh serum with inulin, permits rapid capillary electrophoresis evaluation of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin glycoforms.	Carbohydrates	147-159	complement C3	Homo sapiens	41-54
10992007-2	2000	This study was designed to evaluate the functional role of TSHR carbohydrates in detail.	Carbohydrates	64-77	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	59-63
10889209-5	2000	GIRK1 membrane-spanning domain 1 was required for optimal glycosylation at Asn(119) because a chimera that contained GIRK4 membrane-spanning domain 1 significantly reduced the addition of a carbohydrate structure at this site.	Carbohydrates	190-202	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 5	Homo sapiens	117-122
11076080-9	2000	Molecular modelling suggests the formation of four hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups at positions C-2, C-3 and C-4 of alpha-D-methyl-mannoside and the bridging and ring nitrogen atoms of the triazine scaffold, with aromatic stacking of a second ligand against the carbohydrate face.	Carbohydrates	273-285	complement C3	Homo sapiens	112-115
10998116-10	2000	These results provide first evidence that tenascin-R and its associated HNK-1 carbohydrate modulate perisomatic inhibition and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus.	Carbohydrates	78-90	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	72-77
12578690-2	2000	In vivo, alpha-Gal A is responsible for the cleavage of terminal alpha-galactosidic linkages in glycoconjungates; alpha-Gal B is an alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase in fact because it hydrolyses alpha-N-acetamidodeoxy-beta-D-galactosidic residues from the terminals of a variety of complex carbohydrates and glycoconjugates.	Carbohydrates	289-302	galactosidase alpha	Homo sapiens	9-20
10878332-1	2000	To date, the generation of anti-carbohydrate Th1 immune responses, which would be useful for both tumor immunotherapy as well as in pathogen vaccine strategies, has been elusive.	Carbohydrates	32-44	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	45-48
10878332-6	2000	These studies establish that peptide mimotopes of carbohydrate Ags encoded as DNA plasmids are novel immunogens providing a means to manipulate carbohydrate cross-reactive Th1 responses.	Carbohydrates	50-62	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	172-175
10878332-6	2000	These studies establish that peptide mimotopes of carbohydrate Ags encoded as DNA plasmids are novel immunogens providing a means to manipulate carbohydrate cross-reactive Th1 responses.	Carbohydrates	144-156	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	172-175
10968679-2	2000	The synthetic methods for preparing carbohydrates bearing a C-branched substituent of the type CF2-Y, with Y = F, Y = CnF(2n + 1) or Y = a carbon-attached or heteroatom-attached nonfluorinated residues, are reviewed.	Carbohydrates	36-49	NPHS1 adhesion molecule, nephrin	Homo sapiens	118-121
10820266-1	2000	Lung surfactant protein-D (SP-D), a collectin mainly produced by alveolar type II cells, initiates the effector mechanisms of innate immunity on binding to microbial carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	166-179	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	0-25
10820266-1	2000	Lung surfactant protein-D (SP-D), a collectin mainly produced by alveolar type II cells, initiates the effector mechanisms of innate immunity on binding to microbial carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	166-179	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	27-31
10845774-8	2000	Overexpression of the CT carbohydrate antigen also increased AChR clustering and MuSK autophosphorylation in the presence of neural agrin.	Carbohydrates	25-37	agrin	Homo sapiens	132-137
10845774-9	2000	These data suggest a model in which different portions of the CT carbohydrate structure contribute to agrin-dependent signal transduction.	Carbohydrates	65-77	agrin	Homo sapiens	102-107
10745088-1	2000	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase (UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase) is the key enzyme in the de novo synthesis pathway of neuraminic acid, which is widely expressed as a terminal carbohydrate residue on glycoconjugates.	Carbohydrates	199-211	renin binding protein	Mus musculus	68-86
10818272-2	2000	When a pellet diet containing 14% carbohydrate was given, most of the increased activity had a low affinity towards glucose (S0.5 = 19.5 mM) and resembled the mammalian glucokinase (Hexokinase IV or D) and the glucokinase-like activity previously observed in salmon liver.	Carbohydrates	34-46	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	169-180
10818272-2	2000	When a pellet diet containing 14% carbohydrate was given, most of the increased activity had a low affinity towards glucose (S0.5 = 19.5 mM) and resembled the mammalian glucokinase (Hexokinase IV or D) and the glucokinase-like activity previously observed in salmon liver.	Carbohydrates	34-46	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	210-221
10818272-5	2000	Perch with a very high hepatic glucokinase-like activity after eating the pellet diet had high activities of pyruvate kinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, indicating a high capacity of glycolysis and carbohydrate utilization.	Carbohydrates	209-221	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	31-42
10715549-5	2000	Removal of the carbohydrate unit at the Asn(13) of CGbeta caused aggregation, although the amount was less than 10% of monomer.	Carbohydrates	15-27	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 3	Homo sapiens	51-57
10653800-1	2000	The two glycosphingolipids galactosylceramide (GalC) and its sulfated form, cerebroside sulfate (CBS), are present at high concentrations in the multilayered myelin sheath and are involved in carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions between the lipid headgroups.	Carbohydrates	192-204	galactosylceramidase	Homo sapiens	47-51
10653800-1	2000	The two glycosphingolipids galactosylceramide (GalC) and its sulfated form, cerebroside sulfate (CBS), are present at high concentrations in the multilayered myelin sheath and are involved in carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions between the lipid headgroups.	Carbohydrates	205-217	galactosylceramidase	Homo sapiens	47-51
10816326-1	2000	Galectin-3 is an endogenous mammalian carbohydrate-binding protein with affinity for ABH group carbohydrate epitopes and polylactosamine glycans present on cell surface and extracellular matrix glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	38-50	alkB homolog 1, histone H2A dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	85-88
11271829-4	2000	These mutants showed a 40% lower LDH activity than the wild type grown at 5 degrees C that was comparable to the wild type grown at 15 degrees C. High specific activity of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) at 28 degrees C in both strains and mutants indicated that aerobic respiration via the citrate cycle is the normal mode of saccharide utilization.	Carbohydrates	324-334	succinate dehydrogenase complex iron sulfur subunit B	Homo sapiens	172-194
11271829-4	2000	These mutants showed a 40% lower LDH activity than the wild type grown at 5 degrees C that was comparable to the wild type grown at 15 degrees C. High specific activity of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) at 28 degrees C in both strains and mutants indicated that aerobic respiration via the citrate cycle is the normal mode of saccharide utilization.	Carbohydrates	324-334	succinate dehydrogenase complex iron sulfur subunit B	Homo sapiens	196-199
11142762-1	2000	The phosphomannomutase 2 gene (PMM2; MIM 601785) has been identified as the carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1A gene (CDGS type 1A; MIM 212065).	Carbohydrates	76-88	phosphomannomutase 2	Homo sapiens	4-24
11142762-1	2000	The phosphomannomutase 2 gene (PMM2; MIM 601785) has been identified as the carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1A gene (CDGS type 1A; MIM 212065).	Carbohydrates	76-88	phosphomannomutase 2	Homo sapiens	31-35
10607764-7	2000	In addition, the reactivity of the serum IgG from the IgAN patients against the monoclonal IgA1 was found to be increased as the carbohydrates were enzymatically removed from the IgA1 hinge region (when native=100; asialo, 122+/-9.5; agalacto, 167+/-11.5; naked, 188+/-3.9).	Carbohydrates	129-142	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1	Homo sapiens	91-95
10607764-7	2000	In addition, the reactivity of the serum IgG from the IgAN patients against the monoclonal IgA1 was found to be increased as the carbohydrates were enzymatically removed from the IgA1 hinge region (when native=100; asialo, 122+/-9.5; agalacto, 167+/-11.5; naked, 188+/-3.9).	Carbohydrates	129-142	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1	Homo sapiens	179-183
10571956-0	1999	Characterization of the 415G&gt;A (E139K) PMM2 mutation in carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type Ia disrupting a splicing enhancer resulting in exon 5 skipping.	Carbohydrates	59-71	phosphomannomutase 2	Homo sapiens	42-46
10537138-4	1999	On the other hand, the effects of other inhibitors, swainsonine and deoxymannojirimycin, were much lower, suggesting that the high mannose-type carbohydrate side-chain is essential to the expression of a fully functional hSR.	Carbohydrates	144-156	HSR	Homo sapiens	221-224
10556802-6	1999	These results indicate that binding occurs via the carbohydrate recognition domain of the SP-D.	Carbohydrates	51-63	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	90-94
10577504-3	1999	The main role of SP-A and SP-D is to interact directly with carbohydrate on the surface of microbial pathogens, thereby initiating a variety of effector mechanisms.	Carbohydrates	60-72	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	26-30
10485905-2	1999	A 340-kDa glycoprotein (gp-340) has been shown to bind SP-D in the presence of calcium but does so independently of carbohydrate recognition.	Carbohydrates	116-128	deleted in malignant brain tumors 1	Homo sapiens	24-30
10468289-5	1999	This digestion pattern is the same as that previously observed with PIF from the MAC16 tumour and is commensurate with one N-linked sulphated oligosaccharide chain of Mr 10000, one O-linked sulphated oligosaccharide chain of Mr 6000 and a central polypeptide chain of Mr 4000 with some residual carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	295-307	dermcidin	Homo sapiens	68-71
10428755-7	1999	Thus, the two populations of the CD52 glycoprotein on lymphocytes and spermatozoa represent glycoforms, glycoprotein isoforms with the same core amino acid sequence but different carbohydrate structures.	Carbohydrates	179-191	CD52 molecule	Homo sapiens	33-37
10428755-8	1999	Furthermore, mAb"s to the unique carbohydrate epitopes on sperm CD52 have multiple inhibitory effects on sperm function, including a cytotoxic effect on spermatozoa in the presence of complement.	Carbohydrates	33-45	CD52 molecule	Homo sapiens	64-68
10428755-9	1999	These results are the first to implicate unique carbohydrate moieties of a sperm CD52 glycoform as target epitopes in the anti-sperm immune response of an infertile woman.	Carbohydrates	48-60	CD52 molecule	Homo sapiens	81-85
10446944-0	1999	Analysis of IgA1 O-glycans in IgA nephropathy by fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis.	Carbohydrates	70-82	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1	Homo sapiens	12-16
10446944-3	1999	This is the first study using fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE) to analyze IgA1 O-glycans in IgAN and controls.	Carbohydrates	51-63	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1	Homo sapiens	98-102
10384130-4	1999	These studies demonstrate specific binding of SP-D to M.tb that is saturable, calcium dependent, and carbohydrate inhibitable.	Carbohydrates	101-113	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	46-50
10364275-9	1999	Taken together, these data suggest that (i) SHIV variants with changes in the Env SU can be selected in vivo primarily by virtue of their ability to escape neutralizing antibody recognition and (ii) carbohydrates play an important role in conferring neutralization escape, possibly by altering the structure of envelope gp120 or by shielding principal neutralization sites.	Carbohydrates	199-212	endogenous retrovirus group K member 20	Homo sapiens	78-81
10202015-0	1999	MHC-restricted, glycopeptide-specific T cells show specificity for both carbohydrate and peptide residues.	Carbohydrates	72-84	major histocompatibility complex, class I, C	Homo sapiens	0-3
10085245-2	1999	Mutations in the PMM2 gene are responsible for the most common form of carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome [Matthijs, Schollen, Pardon, Veiga-da-Cunha, Jaeken, Cassiman and Van Schaftingen (1997) Nat.	Carbohydrates	71-83	phosphomannomutase 2	Homo sapiens	17-21
10401691-6	1999	Several carbohydrate-deficient isoforms were found in transferrin (four), alpha1-antitrypsin (three), antithrombin (two) and thyroxine-binding globulin (four).	Carbohydrates	8-20	serpin family A member 7	Homo sapiens	125-151
10064057-3	1999	In this investigation, labeling with sodium [35S]sulfate, which is incorporated into and forms part of the functional carbohydrate ligand, has been used to isolate and characterize macromolecular L-selectin ligands.	Carbohydrates	118-130	selectin L	Rattus norvegicus	196-206
10022502-15	1999	In addition, both alpha3 and beta1 integrin subunits express beta1-6 branched Asn-linked oligosaccharides and short poly-N-acetyllactosamine units (Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-R; n &lt; or = 3), glycans previously implicated in cancer metastasis.Thus, alpha3beta1 integrin expressed by human colon carcinoma cells is a major carrier of oncodevelopmental carbohydrate epitopes whose presence may modulate tumor cell adhesion, migration, and/or invasion.	Carbohydrates	343-355	integrin subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	29-43
10022502-15	1999	In addition, both alpha3 and beta1 integrin subunits express beta1-6 branched Asn-linked oligosaccharides and short poly-N-acetyllactosamine units (Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-R; n &lt; or = 3), glycans previously implicated in cancer metastasis.Thus, alpha3beta1 integrin expressed by human colon carcinoma cells is a major carrier of oncodevelopmental carbohydrate epitopes whose presence may modulate tumor cell adhesion, migration, and/or invasion.	Carbohydrates	343-355	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	61-68
10077993-3	1999	Upon binding of MBL (mannose-binding lectin) to certain carbohydrates on pathogens, the lectin pathway is activated by two C1r/C1s-like serine proteases termed MASP-1 and MASP-2, which are associated with MBL.	Carbohydrates	56-69	MBL associated serine protease 2	Homo sapiens	171-177
9887065-0	1999	Recombinant SP-D carbohydrate recognition domain is a chemoattractant for human neutrophils.	Carbohydrates	17-29	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	12-16
9920969-7	1999	Comparing the different assay systems for carbohydrate structure present on both MAG and SGPG/SGLPG on myelin sheath, the thin layer chromatography appeared to be more sensitive and reliable than Western blot.	Carbohydrates	42-54	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	81-84
10626909-7	1999	However, soluble L-selectin or mAb MECA-79 which recognizes a carbohydrate epitope on functional L-selectin ligands bound only to the spiral ligament, tectorial membrane and modiolus.	Carbohydrates	62-74	selectin L	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
10626909-7	1999	However, soluble L-selectin or mAb MECA-79 which recognizes a carbohydrate epitope on functional L-selectin ligands bound only to the spiral ligament, tectorial membrane and modiolus.	Carbohydrates	62-74	selectin L	Rattus norvegicus	97-107
10207262-4	1999	For this reason, we undertook a study to evaluate the relationship between excretion of the markers of tubular damage (NAG) and some parameters of carbohydrate, purine and lipid metabolism in untreated essential hypertension.	Carbohydrates	147-159	NBAS subunit of NRZ tethering complex	Homo sapiens	119-122
10072169-1	1998	ABH carbohydrate antigens are cell surface carbohydrates which occur in three allelic forms, namely A, B and O blood groups.	Carbohydrates	43-56	alkB homolog 1, histone H2A dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	0-3
9808090-1	1998	The aim of this study was to investigate the role of carbohydrate moieties attached to IgA1 hinge region in IgA1 self-aggregation and adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins previously reported in IgA nephropathy.	Carbohydrates	53-65	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1	Homo sapiens	87-91
9808090-1	1998	The aim of this study was to investigate the role of carbohydrate moieties attached to IgA1 hinge region in IgA1 self-aggregation and adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins previously reported in IgA nephropathy.	Carbohydrates	53-65	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1	Homo sapiens	108-112
9808090-7	1998	These results indicated that the removal of carbohydrates from the IgA1 molecule resulted in noncovalent self-aggregation and a significant increase in adhesion to the ECM proteins.	Carbohydrates	44-57	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1	Homo sapiens	67-71
9799111-10	1998	The whole extracellular region of CD5, expressed as a chimaera with rat CD4 domains 3 and 4 (cCD5d1-3-CD4d3+4), was studied by electron microscopy and carbohydrate analysis to gain an overview of the structure of the extracellular portion of intact CD5.	Carbohydrates	151-163	Cd5 molecule	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
10710819-4	1998	Trained athletes with carbohydrate loading (CHO1); 2.	Carbohydrates	22-34	kinesin family member 23	Homo sapiens	44-48
10710819-6	1998	Untrained athletes with carbohydrate loading (CHO2); 4.	Carbohydrates	24-36	EBP cholestenol delta-isomerase	Homo sapiens	46-50
9700129-4	1998	In addition to the intact, native SP-A and SP-D proteins, a recombinant peptide composed of the neck and carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of SP-D [SP-D(N/CRD)] was also found to have the same suppressive effect on lymphocyte proliferation.	Carbohydrates	105-117	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	146-150
9700129-4	1998	In addition to the intact, native SP-A and SP-D proteins, a recombinant peptide composed of the neck and carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of SP-D [SP-D(N/CRD)] was also found to have the same suppressive effect on lymphocyte proliferation.	Carbohydrates	105-117	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	146-150
9700129-5	1998	This effect was abolished by the presence of 100 mM mannose (for SP-A) or maltose (for SP-D) in the culture medium, which suggested that the CRD regions of SP-A and SP-D may interact with the carbohydrate structures on the surface molecules of lymphocytes.	Carbohydrates	192-204	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	87-91
9700129-5	1998	This effect was abolished by the presence of 100 mM mannose (for SP-A) or maltose (for SP-D) in the culture medium, which suggested that the CRD regions of SP-A and SP-D may interact with the carbohydrate structures on the surface molecules of lymphocytes.	Carbohydrates	192-204	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	165-169
9767449-2	1998	It is thought to play an important role in the innate immune defence through binding to surface carbohydrates on micro-organisms followed by complement activation via the MBL pathway.	Carbohydrates	96-109	mannose binding lectin 2	Gallus gallus	171-174
9777406-2	1998	Recognition of the pathogens is, in most cases, mediated by the Ca+2-dependent binding of the C-type lectin domains of SP-A, or SP-D, to carbohydrate structures on the surface of the microorganisms.	Carbohydrates	137-149	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	128-132
9688282-8	1998	Our results suggest that RafY is a general diffusion pore with a diameter, larger than that of the general diffusion porins OmpF and OmpC, that allows the diffusion of high-molecular-mass carbohydrates through the outer membrane.	Carbohydrates	188-201	glycoporin	Escherichia coli	25-29
9708828-5	1998	All of the antibodies secreted by these hybridomas recognized carbohydrate epitopes but not sialic acid residues, since their immunoreactivity was completely abolished by treatment of the mucin with 20 mM periodate but not with neuraminidase.	Carbohydrates	62-74	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	188-193
9593742-5	1998	Of the five potential attachment sites for asparagine-linked carbohydrate in uPAR only four are utilized, as the tryptic peptide derived from domain III containing Asn233 was quantitatively recovered without carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	61-73	urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor	Cricetulus griseus	77-81
9593742-8	1998	The carbohydrate moiety on Asn52 in uPAR domain I could be selectively removed by N-glycanase treatment under nondenaturing conditions.	Carbohydrates	4-16	urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor	Cricetulus griseus	36-40
9593742-9	1998	This susceptibility was abrogated when uPAR participitated in a bimolecular complex with pro-uPA or smaller receptor binding derivatives thereof, demonstrating the proximity of the ligand-binding site to this particular carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	220-232	urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor	Cricetulus griseus	39-43
9593742-10	1998	uPAR preparations devoid of carbohydrate on domain I exhibited altered binding kinetics toward uPA (a 4-6-fold increase in Kd) as assessed by real time biomolecular interaction analysis.	Carbohydrates	28-40	urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor	Cricetulus griseus	0-4
9588205-0	1998	Presence of polysialic acid and HNK-1 carbohydrate on brain glycoproteins from beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase-knockout mice.	Carbohydrates	38-50	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	32-37
9588205-1	1998	Polysialic acid and HNK-1 carbohydrate are expressed on Gal beta 1--&gt;4GlcNAc outer chains of N-linked sugar chain of neural cell recognition molecules at certain developmental stages and involved in neural tissue formation.	Carbohydrates	26-38	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	20-25
9588205-3	1998	Analysis of the mutant mouse brain glycoproteins revealed that polysialic acid and HNK-1 carbohydrate are normally expressed in an age-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	89-101	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	83-88
9620600-1	1998	CT1 is a carbohydrate moiety of CD45 that is expressed on fetal thymocytes in vivo.	Carbohydrates	9-21	cardiotrophin 1	Mus musculus	0-3
21235922-4	1998	By analogy with other instances in which multivalent binding interactions increase functional affinity for carbohydrates or lectins, the self-association of vitronectin into a multimeric form allows effective neutralization of heparin at the endothelial surface in the vicinity of a thrombus.	Carbohydrates	107-120	vitronectin	Homo sapiens	157-168
9559679-1	1998	Nepsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) is known to be formed by oxidative cleavage of Amadori products between C-2 and C-3 of the carbohydrate chain.	Carbohydrates	128-140	complement C3	Homo sapiens	117-120
9640255-2	1998	Upon binding to carbohydrates on the surface of microorganisms, MBL mediates activation of the complement system, leading to killing of the microorganism.	Carbohydrates	16-29	mannose binding lectin 2	Gallus gallus	64-67
9495770-14	1998	These results indicate a unique role for the S. solfataricus alpha-glucosidase in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	82-94	ABC transporter permease	Saccharolobus solfataricus	61-78
9493267-8	1998	CONCLUSIONS: The crystal structure of cathepsin H reveals that the mini-chain has a definitive role in substrate recognition and that carbohydrate residues attached to the body of the enzyme are involved in positioning the mini-chain in the active-site cleft.	Carbohydrates	134-146	cathepsin H	Homo sapiens	38-49
9439635-3	1998	The binding of three neutralizing anti-E-selectin mAb"s (E-1E4, H18/7 and CL2), whose epitopes were found to overlap with the E-selectin binding site for carbohydrate ligands, was not affected by the amino acid substitutions at these five positions.	Carbohydrates	154-166	endogenous retrovirus group W member 5	Homo sapiens	74-77
17533582-11	2007	CONCLUSION: Metabolic stress with a high-carbohydrate diet increases plasma levels of adiponectin.	Carbohydrates	41-53	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	86-97
17390019-3	2007	Recent studies have shown that natural sms can be conjugated to a carbohydrate (smsdx) with preservation of sms-like effects on the prostatic tumor cell proteome.	Carbohydrates	66-78	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	39-42
17390019-3	2007	Recent studies have shown that natural sms can be conjugated to a carbohydrate (smsdx) with preservation of sms-like effects on the prostatic tumor cell proteome.	Carbohydrates	66-78	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	80-83
17123805-7	2007	In conclusion, our results indicate that the alterations in mineral and carbohydrate metabolism present in Fgf-23(-/-) mice require an intact vitamin D signaling pathway.	Carbohydrates	72-84	fibroblast growth factor 23	Mus musculus	107-113
17189612-3	2007	Since CD13 is heavily glycosylated and a member of the galectin family (galectin-4) has been shown to associate with CD13 in the intestinal epithelium, we hypothesized that CD13-mediated aggregation might proceed through a carbohydrate-dependent mechanism involving galectin-3, the most highly expressed galectin on monocytes.	Carbohydrates	223-235	galectin 4	Homo sapiens	72-82
17137591-3	2007	To characterize further the carbohydrate-binding properties, we have determined the crystal structures of SnD1 in the absence of ligand, and in complex with 2-benzyl-Neu5NPro and 2-benzyl-Neu5NAc.	Carbohydrates	28-40	staphylococcal nuclease and tudor domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	106-110
17024473-7	2007	Methylation analysis of the carbohydrate moieties of Hpf2p indicated that this protein contained both N- and O-linked mannose chains.	Carbohydrates	28-40	Pst1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	53-58
22466431-11	2007	5-HT2C receptor blockade seems to be the most significant reason for increased carbohydrate consumption, rather than the inhibition of serotonin (5-HT) release through the 5-HT1A receptors.	Carbohydrates	79-91	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
22466431-12	2007	Our results suggest that both 5-HT1A and 5-HT2C receptor subtypes are involved in the protein-sparing effect of 5-HT, while the 5-HT2C receptors may have the prominent role on 5-HT induced food and carbohydrate intake suppression.	Carbohydrates	198-210	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Rattus norvegicus	128-134
17083016-6	2006	An analysis of the multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms in SP-A demonstrated that homozygosity for alleles encoding lysine (in 1A1) rather than glutamine (in 1A5) at amino acid 223 in the carbohydrate recognition domain was associated with an increased risk of meningococcal disease (OR, 6.7; 95% CI, 1.4-31.5).	Carbohydrates	192-204	surfactant protein A2	Homo sapiens	63-67
17083016-9	2006	CONCLUSIONS: Gene polymorphism resulting in the substitution of glutamine with lysine at residue 223 in the carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-A2 increases susceptibility to meningococcal disease, as well as the risk of death.	Carbohydrates	108-120	surfactant protein A2	Homo sapiens	143-148
17107086-1	2006	The first synthesis of sulfonamide and sulfonate analogues of a sulfated carbohydrate in which the ester oxygen of the sulfate is replaced with a CHF or CF2 group is reported.	Carbohydrates	73-85	ATPase H+ transporting accessory protein 1	Homo sapiens	153-156
16989954-10	2006	The presence of the Cat-315 reactive carbohydrate on different PN components--RPTPbeta and aggrecan--at different stages of synapse development suggests a potential role for this neuron-specific carbohydrate motif in synaptogenesis.	Carbohydrates	37-49	protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, B	Mus musculus	78-86
16989954-10	2006	The presence of the Cat-315 reactive carbohydrate on different PN components--RPTPbeta and aggrecan--at different stages of synapse development suggests a potential role for this neuron-specific carbohydrate motif in synaptogenesis.	Carbohydrates	195-207	protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, B	Mus musculus	78-86
17058218-5	2006	By contrast, there was a significant increase in the respiratory exchange ratio in L-Fabp(-/-) mice, suggesting a shift in energy substrate use from fat to carbohydrate, findings supported by an approximately threefold increase in serum lactate.	Carbohydrates	156-168	fatty acid binding protein 1, liver	Mus musculus	83-89
16884711-4	2006	In null mutant mice lacking the alpha(1,2)fucosyltransferase FUT1, the absence of blood group H carbohydrate resulted in the delayed maturation of the glomerular layer of the main olfactory bulb.	Carbohydrates	96-108	fucosyltransferase 1	Mus musculus	61-65
16740630-6	2006	The inhibition was found to be through covalent binding of the carbohydrate to a single Cys residue on Png1, and the binding was highly selective.	Carbohydrates	63-75	peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	103-107
16834340-9	2006	An SP-D(E321Q, N323D) mutant with altered carbohydrate specificity exhibited attenuated PI binding but showed an increased level of binding to sTLRs.	Carbohydrates	42-54	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	3-7
16775051-0	2006	Oral and intravenous carbohydrate challenges decrease active ghrelin concentrations and alter hormones related to control of energy metabolism in horses.	Carbohydrates	21-33	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Equus caballus	61-68
16859295-0	2006	SLICK--scoring and energy functions for protein-carbohydrate interactions.	Carbohydrates	48-60	potassium sodium-activated channel subfamily T member 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
16859295-4	2006	SLICK accounts for van der Waals interactions, solvation effects, electrostatics, hydrogen bonds, and CH...pi interactions, the latter being a particular feature of most protein-carbohydrate interactions.	Carbohydrates	178-190	potassium sodium-activated channel subfamily T member 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
17177806-7	2006	In contrast, the expression of genes encoding two other enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, alpha-amylase and sucrose phosphate synthase, showed no change.	Carbohydrates	67-79	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	92-105
16644739-10	2006	UGE1 and -3 expression patterns globally resemble enzymes involved in carbohydrate catabolism, and UGE2, -4, and -5 expression is more related to carbohydrate biosynthesis.	Carbohydrates	70-82	UDP-D-glucose/UDP-D-galactose 4-epimerase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-11
16567801-8	2006	The drastically different carbohydrate processing of the UPIa and UPIb proteins, two closely related members of the tetraspanin family, may reflect differences in their folding and masking due to their interactions with their associated proteins, UPII and UPIIIa, respectively.	Carbohydrates	26-38	uroplakin 1A	Homo sapiens	57-61
16567801-8	2006	The drastically different carbohydrate processing of the UPIa and UPIb proteins, two closely related members of the tetraspanin family, may reflect differences in their folding and masking due to their interactions with their associated proteins, UPII and UPIIIa, respectively.	Carbohydrates	26-38	uroplakin 1B	Homo sapiens	66-70
16567801-8	2006	The drastically different carbohydrate processing of the UPIa and UPIb proteins, two closely related members of the tetraspanin family, may reflect differences in their folding and masking due to their interactions with their associated proteins, UPII and UPIIIa, respectively.	Carbohydrates	26-38	uroplakin 2	Homo sapiens	247-251
16567801-8	2006	The drastically different carbohydrate processing of the UPIa and UPIb proteins, two closely related members of the tetraspanin family, may reflect differences in their folding and masking due to their interactions with their associated proteins, UPII and UPIIIa, respectively.	Carbohydrates	26-38	uroplakin 3A	Homo sapiens	256-262
16638220-1	2006	Stem cell growth factor (SCGF) is an early-acting hematopoitic cytokine that has two isoforms including hSCGF with full length molecules and hSCGFbeta, 78 amino acids of which lost in the conserved calcium-dependent carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD).	Carbohydrates	216-228	C-type lectin domain containing 11A	Homo sapiens	0-23
16638220-1	2006	Stem cell growth factor (SCGF) is an early-acting hematopoitic cytokine that has two isoforms including hSCGF with full length molecules and hSCGFbeta, 78 amino acids of which lost in the conserved calcium-dependent carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD).	Carbohydrates	216-228	C-type lectin domain containing 11A	Homo sapiens	25-29
16511590-2	2006	However, studies on the action and structure of the 3 human PPAR isotypes (PPARalpha, PPARdelta, and PPARgamma) suggest that these moieties are intimately involved in nutrient sensing and the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	206-218	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens	86-95
16623810-24	2006	CONCLUSION: Blood group ABO-incompatible LD renal transplantation using A and B carbohydrate-specific IA and anti-CD20 mAbs has excellent graft survival and function.	Carbohydrates	80-92	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	24-27
16330541-0	2006	The carbohydrate at FcgammaRIIIa Asn-162.	Carbohydrates	4-16	Fc gamma receptor IIIa	Homo sapiens	20-32
16405901-1	2006	5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural (HMF), a pyrolysate of carbohydrate isolated from instant coffee (Coffea arabica L.), selectively inhibits the activities of mammalian DNA polymerase lambda (pol lambda) and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT) which are family X pols, in vitro.	Carbohydrates	52-64	DNA polymerase lambda	Homo sapiens	164-185
16277765-9	2005	In conclusion, an independent contribution of the codon 16 polymorphism of the beta(2)-adrenoceptor gene to the variation in thermogenic response to a high-carbohydrate meal could not be demonstrated.	Carbohydrates	156-168	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	79-99
16171882-0	2005	Specific expression of an HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope and NCAM on femoral nerve Schwann cells in mice.	Carbohydrates	32-44	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	26-31
15946875-0	2005	Spin-edited 2D HSQC-TOCSY experiments for the measurement of homonuclear and heteronuclear coupling constants: application to carbohydrates and peptides.	Carbohydrates	126-139	spindlin 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
16029433-1	2005	The lectin pathway of the complement system is activated when mannan-binding lectin (MBL) in complex with MBL-associated serine protease 2 (MASP-2) binds to carbohydrate structures on microorganisms.	Carbohydrates	157-169	MBL associated serine protease 2	Homo sapiens	106-138
16029433-1	2005	The lectin pathway of the complement system is activated when mannan-binding lectin (MBL) in complex with MBL-associated serine protease 2 (MASP-2) binds to carbohydrate structures on microorganisms.	Carbohydrates	157-169	MBL associated serine protease 2	Homo sapiens	140-146
16010651-1	2005	The human ABO antigens are carbohydrates that differ from each other by the immunodominant sugar.	Carbohydrates	27-40	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	10-13
15843379-0	2005	A non-sulfated form of the HNK-1 carbohydrate is expressed in mouse kidney.	Carbohydrates	33-45	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	27-32
15843379-1	2005	The HNK-1 carbohydrate, which is recognized by anti-HNK-1 antibody, is well known to be expressed predominantly in the nervous system.	Carbohydrates	10-22	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	4-9
15843379-1	2005	The HNK-1 carbohydrate, which is recognized by anti-HNK-1 antibody, is well known to be expressed predominantly in the nervous system.	Carbohydrates	10-22	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	52-57
15843379-2	2005	The characteristic structural feature of the HNK-1 carbohydrate is 3-sulfo-glucuronyl residues attached to lactosamine structures (Gal beta1-4GlcNAc) on glycoproteins and glycolipids.	Carbohydrates	51-63	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	45-50
15843379-3	2005	The biosynthesis of the HNK-1 carbohydrate is regulated mainly by two glucuronyltransferases (GlcAT-P and GlcAT-S) and a sulfotransferase.	Carbohydrates	30-42	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	24-29
15843379-5	2005	These results suggested that the HNK-1 carbohydrate without sulfate (non-sulfated HNK-1 carbohydrate) is expressed in the kidney.	Carbohydrates	39-51	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	33-38
15843379-5	2005	These results suggested that the HNK-1 carbohydrate without sulfate (non-sulfated HNK-1 carbohydrate) is expressed in the kidney.	Carbohydrates	39-51	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	82-87
15843379-5	2005	These results suggested that the HNK-1 carbohydrate without sulfate (non-sulfated HNK-1 carbohydrate) is expressed in the kidney.	Carbohydrates	88-100	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	33-38
15843379-5	2005	These results suggested that the HNK-1 carbohydrate without sulfate (non-sulfated HNK-1 carbohydrate) is expressed in the kidney.	Carbohydrates	88-100	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	82-87
15843379-9	2005	We also confirmed the presence of the non-sulfated HNK-1 carbohydrate on N-linked oligosaccharides by multistage tandem mass spectrometry.	Carbohydrates	57-69	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	51-56
15843379-10	2005	Immunofluorescence staining with antibody M6749 revealed that the non-sulfated HNK-1 carbohydrate was expressed predominantly on the apical membranes of the proximal tubules in the cortex and was also detected in the thin ascending limb in the inner medulla.	Carbohydrates	85-97	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	79-84
15843379-11	2005	This is the first study indicating the presence of the non-sulfated HNK-1 carbohydrate being synthesized by GlcAT-S in the kidney.	Carbohydrates	74-86	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	68-73
15843379-12	2005	The results presented here constitute novel knowledge concerning the function of the HNK-1 carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	91-103	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	85-90
15933197-1	2005	Liquid alkanes with the number of carbon atoms ranging from C7 to C15 were selectively produced from biomass-derived carbohydrates by acid-catalyzed dehydration, which was followed by aldol condensation over solid base catalysts to form large organic compounds.	Carbohydrates	117-130	placenta associated 8	Homo sapiens	66-69
15711012-5	2005	Surfactant protein D is characterized by two relatively conserved motifs at the binding face, along the edges of the shallow carbohydrate-binding groove.	Carbohydrates	125-137	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	0-20
15711012-7	2005	We hypothesized that this insertion contributes to the differences in saccharide selectivity and host defense function and compared the activities of recombinant trimeric neck + carbohydrate recognition domains of human surfactant protein D (NCRD) with CL-43 (RCL-43-NCRD) and selected NCRD mutants.	Carbohydrates	178-190	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	220-240
15701467-2	2005	OBJECTIVE: To assess serum levels of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) in patients with chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) and to assess any correlation with clinical symptoms and echocardiographic indices.	Carbohydrates	37-49	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	63-68
15537792-5	2005	HEK-293T cells transfected with an expression vector containing the XEEL cDNA secrete into the culture medium the recombinant XEEL (rXEEL) that is similar to the purified XEEL in its molecular nature and saccharide-binding properties.	Carbohydrates	204-214	intelectin 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	68-72
15537792-5	2005	HEK-293T cells transfected with an expression vector containing the XEEL cDNA secrete into the culture medium the recombinant XEEL (rXEEL) that is similar to the purified XEEL in its molecular nature and saccharide-binding properties.	Carbohydrates	204-214	intelectin 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	126-130
15537792-5	2005	HEK-293T cells transfected with an expression vector containing the XEEL cDNA secrete into the culture medium the recombinant XEEL (rXEEL) that is similar to the purified XEEL in its molecular nature and saccharide-binding properties.	Carbohydrates	204-214	intelectin 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	126-130
15677334-1	2005	Acc2-/- mutant mice, when fed a high-fat/high-carbohydrate (HF/HC) diet, were protected against diet-induced obesity and diabetes.	Carbohydrates	46-58	acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase beta	Mus musculus	0-4
16129935-8	2005	These results suggest that SI-Abs in some infertile women target a sperm-specific carbohydrate antigen on CD52 molecules which are secreted from the epididymis and coat the sperm surface.	Carbohydrates	82-94	CD52 molecule	Homo sapiens	106-110
15615870-2	2005	The peripheral part of these cell-surface glycoconjugates often carries carbohydrate structures related to the ABO and Lewis blood-group antigens.	Carbohydrates	72-84	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	111-114
16605134-5	2005	Mice with targeted disruption of the LTC4S gene are partially protected against plasma leakage elicited in the ear by adaptive immune mast cell activation or in the peritoneal cavity by microbial carbohydrate stimulation of the macrophages.	Carbohydrates	196-208	leukotriene C4 synthase	Mus musculus	37-42
15551052-0	2005	In vitro assessment of a new ABO immunosorbent with synthetic carbohydrates attached to sepharose.	Carbohydrates	62-75	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	29-32
15662557-0	2004	Analysis of the contribution to type 2 diabetes susceptibility of sequence variation in the gene encoding stearoyl-CoA desaturase, a key regulator of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	160-172	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	106-129
15662557-1	2004	AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) is emerging as a key regulator of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	91-103	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	17-40
15584951-8	2004	TIP1;1 RNAi plants also contained high starch and apoplastic carbohydrate increased.	Carbohydrates	61-73	Ankyrin repeat family protein with DHHC zinc finger domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-4
15552997-0	2004	[Mice deficient in the HNK-1 carbohydrate exhibit impaired learning and memory].	Carbohydrates	29-41	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	23-28
15377757-0	2004	Molecular phenotyping of the pal1 and pal2 mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana reveals far-reaching consequences on phenylpropanoid, amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	145-157	phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	38-42
15356130-6	2004	The carbohydrate-dependent binding of galectin-2 induces apoptosis in activated T cells.	Carbohydrates	4-16	galectin 2	Homo sapiens	38-48
15287781-2	2004	The Bfp group was readily introduced to a carbohydrate, removed in high yield, and recyclable after cleavage.	Carbohydrates	42-54	ring finger protein 112	Homo sapiens	4-7
15277677-0	2004	Carbohydrate mimicry between human ganglioside GM1 and Campylobacter jejuni lipooligosaccharide causes Guillain-Barre syndrome.	Carbohydrates	0-12	coenzyme Q10A	Mus musculus	47-50
15277677-4	2004	Carbohydrate mimicry [Galbeta1-3GalNAcbeta1-4(NeuAcalpha2-3)Galbeta1-] between the bacterial lipooligosaccharide and human GM1 ganglioside is seen as having relevance to the pathogenesis of Guillain-Barre syndrome, and conclusive evidence is reported here.	Carbohydrates	0-12	coenzyme Q10A	Mus musculus	123-126
15334555-3	2004	Pho85 kinase, a member of the yeast cyclin-dependent kinase family, is involved in the regulation of phosphate metabolism and reserve carbohydrates, and thus is implicated to function as a nutrient-sensing kinase.	Carbohydrates	134-147	cyclin-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase PHO85	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-5
14751755-6	2004	High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and colorimetric methods were used to monitor the liberation of carbohydrate as a consequence of starch hydrolysis by alpha-amylase.	Carbohydrates	110-122	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	164-177
14751755-10	2004	The action of alpha-amylase solely led to the starch degradation, in contrast with other assays without enzymes where no carbohydrates were found in the degradation solutions.	Carbohydrates	121-134	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	14-27
15136555-0	2004	High and low affinity carbohydrate ligands revealed for murine SIGN-R1 by carbohydrate array and cell binding approaches, and differing specificities for SIGN-R3 and langerin.	Carbohydrates	22-34	CD209b antigen	Mus musculus	63-70
15136555-0	2004	High and low affinity carbohydrate ligands revealed for murine SIGN-R1 by carbohydrate array and cell binding approaches, and differing specificities for SIGN-R3 and langerin.	Carbohydrates	74-86	CD209b antigen	Mus musculus	63-70
15136555-3	2004	Here we use carbohydrate arrays as a new approach to discovering the ligands of three recently described C-type lectin-type receptors on antigen-presenting cells: murine SIGN-R1, SIGN-R3 and langerin.	Carbohydrates	12-24	CD209b antigen	Mus musculus	170-177
15110778-3	2004	Two of these genes have been already related to obesity (adiponectin and caveolin-2) while the others are known to participate in metabolic, signalling or transcription regulation pathways that can be relevant in energy (lipid and/or carbohydrate) metabolism.	Carbohydrates	234-246	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	57-68
14736726-1	2004	We analyzed carbohydrate chains of human, bovine, sheep, and rat alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and found that carbohydrate chains of AGP of different animals showed quite distinct variations.	Carbohydrates	12-24	orosomucoid 1	Rattus norvegicus	65-89
14736726-1	2004	We analyzed carbohydrate chains of human, bovine, sheep, and rat alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and found that carbohydrate chains of AGP of different animals showed quite distinct variations.	Carbohydrates	12-24	orosomucoid 1	Rattus norvegicus	91-94
14736726-1	2004	We analyzed carbohydrate chains of human, bovine, sheep, and rat alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and found that carbohydrate chains of AGP of different animals showed quite distinct variations.	Carbohydrates	12-24	orosomucoid 1	Rattus norvegicus	134-137
14736726-1	2004	We analyzed carbohydrate chains of human, bovine, sheep, and rat alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and found that carbohydrate chains of AGP of different animals showed quite distinct variations.	Carbohydrates	111-123	orosomucoid 1	Rattus norvegicus	65-89
14736726-1	2004	We analyzed carbohydrate chains of human, bovine, sheep, and rat alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and found that carbohydrate chains of AGP of different animals showed quite distinct variations.	Carbohydrates	111-123	orosomucoid 1	Rattus norvegicus	91-94
14736726-1	2004	We analyzed carbohydrate chains of human, bovine, sheep, and rat alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and found that carbohydrate chains of AGP of different animals showed quite distinct variations.	Carbohydrates	111-123	orosomucoid 1	Rattus norvegicus	134-137
15079863-4	2004	Because GalC and CBS can interact with each other across apposed membranes and because anti-GalC and anti-CBS antibodies also cause redistribution of GalC/CBS and depolymerization of microtubules, we believe that the multivalent carbohydrate interacts with GalC and CBS in the OL membrane.	Carbohydrates	229-241	galactosylceramidase	Homo sapiens	92-96
15079863-4	2004	Because GalC and CBS can interact with each other across apposed membranes and because anti-GalC and anti-CBS antibodies also cause redistribution of GalC/CBS and depolymerization of microtubules, we believe that the multivalent carbohydrate interacts with GalC and CBS in the OL membrane.	Carbohydrates	229-241	galactosylceramidase	Homo sapiens	92-96
15079863-4	2004	Because GalC and CBS can interact with each other across apposed membranes and because anti-GalC and anti-CBS antibodies also cause redistribution of GalC/CBS and depolymerization of microtubules, we believe that the multivalent carbohydrate interacts with GalC and CBS in the OL membrane.	Carbohydrates	229-241	galactosylceramidase	Homo sapiens	92-96
15316281-4	2004	We have studied the carbohydrate profile of N-cadherin synthesized in human melanoma cell lines and the effect of this protein and complex N-glycans on in vitro migration of melanoma cells from the primary tumor site--WM35 and from different metastatic sites WM239 (skin), WM9 (lymph node), and A375 (solid tumor).	Carbohydrates	20-32	cadherin 2	Homo sapiens	44-54
15173636-1	2004	Human natural killer antigen-1 (HNK-1) is a carbohydrate epitope associated with sulfoglucuronylglycolipids and glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	44-56	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	32-37
14618387-2	2003	A model is presented that describes all the saccharides that are produced during the hydrolysis of starch by an alpha-amylase.	Carbohydrates	44-55	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	112-125
14654354-1	2003	Glycerol kinase (GK) is an enzyme at the interface of carbohydrate and fat metabolism.	Carbohydrates	54-66	glycerol kinase	Homo sapiens	0-15
14654354-1	2003	Glycerol kinase (GK) is an enzyme at the interface of carbohydrate and fat metabolism.	Carbohydrates	54-66	glycerol kinase	Homo sapiens	17-19
14568930-1	2003	Dectin-1 is the major macrophage receptor for beta-glucans and generates a proinflammatory response through the recognition of these carbohydrates on fungal pathogens.	Carbohydrates	133-146	C-type lectin domain family 7, member a	Mus musculus	0-8
14515268-6	2003	Administrationwith antiserum to RaRF prevented animals from death as a consequence of the inhibition of interaction of RaRF with the carbohydrate target and complement activation.	Carbohydrates	133-145	mannan-binding lectin serine peptidase 1	Mus musculus	32-36
14515268-6	2003	Administrationwith antiserum to RaRF prevented animals from death as a consequence of the inhibition of interaction of RaRF with the carbohydrate target and complement activation.	Carbohydrates	133-145	mannan-binding lectin serine peptidase 1	Mus musculus	119-123
12943691-6	2003	The BAR-3 normal+ND2 variant group preferred much carbohydrate and less animal protein compared with other three groups.	Carbohydrates	50-62	mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 2	Homo sapiens	17-20
12868921-4	2003	The target compounds, 1, 2, 3, ent-2, ent-3, and 4, were obtained from readily available carbohydrate precursors (5 and 19) in yields of 21-30% over 8-12 steps.	Carbohydrates	89-101	solute carrier family 29 member 3	Homo sapiens	38-43
12730206-7	2003	First, the direct binding and competition experiments show that the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of SP-D binds in a calcium dependent-manner to the sulfated N-acetyl galactosamine moiety of the glycosaminoglycan chain.	Carbohydrates	68-80	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	109-113
12672699-3	2003	This was based on a direct carbohydrate composition analysis of a chimera protein of an extracellular domain of dysadherin fused to an Fc fragment of immunoglobulin.	Carbohydrates	27-39	FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 5	Homo sapiens	112-122
12672699-10	2003	The carbohydrate-directed approach to the regulation of dysadherin expression might be a new strategy for cancer therapy.	Carbohydrates	4-16	FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 5	Homo sapiens	56-66
12695908-3	2003	Specific anti-carbohydrate monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are essential tools for the immunodiagnostic detection of CAA in the serum or urine of Schistosoma-infected subjects.	Carbohydrates	14-26	teashirt zinc finger homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	114-117
12695908-6	2003	Interestingly, no mouse anti-CAA mAbs of the IgG class were found that bind to the synthetic epitopes, although many of the IgG mAbs tested do recognise native CAA in a carbohydrate-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	169-181	teashirt zinc finger homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	160-163
12766036-1	2003	PURPOSE: Fatty acid synthase (FAS) performs the anabolic conversion of dietary carbohydrate or protein to fatty acids.	Carbohydrates	79-91	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	9-28
12766036-1	2003	PURPOSE: Fatty acid synthase (FAS) performs the anabolic conversion of dietary carbohydrate or protein to fatty acids.	Carbohydrates	79-91	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	30-33
12766047-0	2003	MUC16 mucin is expressed by the human ocular surface epithelia and carries the H185 carbohydrate epitope.	Carbohydrates	84-96	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	0-5
12766047-6	2003	Determination of whether MUC1 and MUC16 mucins carry the H185 carbohydrate epitope was achieved with the respective mucins isolated from HCLE protein extracts, using one- or two-step immunoprecipitation assays and immunodepletion experiments followed by Western blot analysis.	Carbohydrates	62-74	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	34-39
12766047-14	2003	CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that the membrane-associated mucin MUC16 is expressed by the human ocular surface epithelia and that MUC16 carries the H185 carbohydrate epitope.	Carbohydrates	161-173	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	72-77
12766047-14	2003	CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that the membrane-associated mucin MUC16 is expressed by the human ocular surface epithelia and that MUC16 carries the H185 carbohydrate epitope.	Carbohydrates	161-173	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	138-143
12505869-0	2003	Recombinant human SP-A1 and SP-A2 proteins have different carbohydrate-binding characteristics.	Carbohydrates	58-70	surfactant protein A2	Homo sapiens	28-33
12505869-5	2003	We hypothesized that SP-A1 and SP-A2 might have different carbohydrate-binding properties.	Carbohydrates	58-70	surfactant protein A2	Homo sapiens	31-36
12505869-6	2003	In this study, we characterized the carbohydrate-binding specificities of native human alveolar SP-A and recombinant human SP-A1 and SP-A2 in the presence of either 1 or 5 mM Ca(2+).	Carbohydrates	36-48	surfactant protein A2	Homo sapiens	133-138
12716753-3	2003	The present investigation was initiated to evaluate whether a carbohydrate-restricted, low-iron-available, polyphenol-enriched (CR-LIPE) diet may delay and improve the outcome of diabetic nephropathy to a greater extent than standard protein restriction.	Carbohydrates	62-74	lipase E, hormone sensitive type	Homo sapiens	131-135
12676532-5	2003	The combined results, along with our observation that PrP carries the recognition molecule-related HNK-1 carbohydrate, argue strongly for a role of the molecule in neural recognition by interacting with yet unknown heterophilic neuronal receptors, as shown by comparison of neurite outgrowth from neurons of PrP-deficient and wild-type mice.	Carbohydrates	105-117	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	99-104
12386161-10	2002	The second utilizes an ill defined mechanism that is independent of the Golgi, is BFA-resistant, and allows for the expression of CD45 with immature carbohydrate on the cell surface.	Carbohydrates	149-161	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C	Homo sapiens	130-134
12399462-4	2002	Certain glycosyltransferases are expressed selectively at synaptic sites in skeletal muscle, raising the possibility that carbohydrate modifications of MuSK, catalyzed by glycosyltransferases expressed selectively in myotubes, may be essential for agrin to bind and activate MuSK.	Carbohydrates	122-134	agrin	Homo sapiens	248-253
12421952-6	2002	CL-46 has two cysteine residues in the N-terminal segment, a potential N-glycosylation site in the collagen region, and an extended hydrophilic loop close to the binding site of the carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	182-194	collectin-46	Bos taurus	0-5
12408994-4	2002	The crystal structures of CV-N dimer complexed with Man-9 and hexamannoside revealed two carbohydrate binding sites on opposite ends of the molecule.	Carbohydrates	89-101	mannosidase alpha class 1A member 1	Homo sapiens	52-57
12423343-5	2002	Furthermore, we explored the oxidative deamination via the Maillard reaction and demonstrated that the lysine residue of bovine serum albumin is oxidatively deaminated during the incubation with various carbohydrates in the presence of Cu2+ at a physiological pH and temperature.	Carbohydrates	203-216	albumin	Rattus norvegicus	128-141
12429838-10	2002	Furthermore, Cod1p, like Pmr1p, is also needed for the outer chain modification of carbohydrates in the Golgi apparatus despite its ER localization.	Carbohydrates	83-96	ATPase secretory pathway Ca2+ transporting 1	Homo sapiens	25-30
12458896-1	2002	Discordant results were observed for serum CA-125 (carbohydrate antigen-125) assays in a patient who was monitored for recurrence of ovarian cancer.	Carbohydrates	51-63	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	43-49
12464312-2	2002	Significant advances have been made in our understanding of the link between carbohydrate recognition and signalling for two well-characterised siglecs, CD22 and myelin-associated glycoprotein.	Carbohydrates	77-89	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	162-192
12383500-0	2002	cDNA cloning, genomic structure and chromosomal mapping of the mouse glucuronyltransferase-S involved in the biosynthesis of the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope.	Carbohydrates	135-147	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	129-134
12383500-2	2002	Two glucuronyltransferases (GlcAT-P and GlcAT-S) are involved in the biosynthesis of the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope.	Carbohydrates	95-107	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	89-94
12383500-3	2002	In this study, we isolated cDNA and genomic clones encoding the mouse glucuronyltransferase-S involved in the biosynthesis of the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope and determined the structural organization of the gene.	Carbohydrates	136-148	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	130-135
12060674-7	2002	Analysis of gene expression profiles revealed an abnormal expression of genes involved in the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates in MAT1A knockout mice, a situation that is reminiscent of that found in diabetes, obesity, and other conditions associated with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.	Carbohydrates	119-132	methionine adenosyltransferase I, alpha	Mus musculus	136-141
12190874-5	2002	Exit from the endoplasmic reticulum and complex carbohydrate processing in the Golgi was promoted when temperature-sensitive tyrosinase mutants were ectopically expressed in host melanocytes carrying wild-type protein even at the nonpermissive temperature.	Carbohydrates	48-60	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	125-135
11916969-8	2002	A tandem mutant of SP-D with E321Q and N323D substitutions, failed to bind M. pneumoniae lipids, directly implicating the carbohydrate recognition domain in the interaction.	Carbohydrates	122-134	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	19-23
12034574-0	2002	Porcine surfactant protein D is N-glycosylated in its carbohydrate recognition domain and is assembled into differently charged oligomers.	Carbohydrates	54-66	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	8-28
12034574-6	2002	The difference in mass is due to the presence of an Asparagine-linked glycosylation in the carbohydrate recognition domain of porcine SP-D, which is absent in SP-D of other species investigated so far.	Carbohydrates	91-103	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	134-138
12034574-6	2002	The difference in mass is due to the presence of an Asparagine-linked glycosylation in the carbohydrate recognition domain of porcine SP-D, which is absent in SP-D of other species investigated so far.	Carbohydrates	91-103	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	159-163
12034574-9	2002	The removal of the carbohydrate moiety reduces the inhibitory effect of porcine SP-D on influenza A virus haemagglutination.	Carbohydrates	19-31	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	80-84
29699071-8	2002	Our results suggest that the antibodies may act to inhibit the sperm-egg interaction, and that the binding site is the carbohydrate chain of p84, excluding the ABO (H) antigenic epitope, rather than the p84 protein itself.	Carbohydrates	119-131	phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 5	Mus musculus	141-144
11964255-1	2002	A model of the carbohydrate recognition domain of the serum form of mannose-binding protein (MBP) from rat complexed with methyl 3,6-di-O-(alpha-D-mannopyranosyl)-alpha-D-mannopyranoside is presented.	Carbohydrates	15-27	myelin basic protein	Rattus norvegicus	68-91
11964255-1	2002	A model of the carbohydrate recognition domain of the serum form of mannose-binding protein (MBP) from rat complexed with methyl 3,6-di-O-(alpha-D-mannopyranosyl)-alpha-D-mannopyranoside is presented.	Carbohydrates	15-27	myelin basic protein	Rattus norvegicus	93-96
11834744-7	2002	X-ray crystallographic structures of CLC protein in complex with the inhibitors showed that p-chloromercuribenzenesulfonate bound CLC protein via disulfide bonds with Cys(29) and with Cys(57) near the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), whereas N-ethylmaleimide bound to the galectin-10 CRD via ring stacking interactions with Trp(72), in a manner highly analogous to mannose binding to this CRD.	Carbohydrates	201-213	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	37-40
11834744-7	2002	X-ray crystallographic structures of CLC protein in complex with the inhibitors showed that p-chloromercuribenzenesulfonate bound CLC protein via disulfide bonds with Cys(29) and with Cys(57) near the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), whereas N-ethylmaleimide bound to the galectin-10 CRD via ring stacking interactions with Trp(72), in a manner highly analogous to mannose binding to this CRD.	Carbohydrates	201-213	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	130-133
9791306-3	1998	Significant correlations are present between the intakes of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats during infancy and several years later in life.	Carbohydrates	60-73	chromosome 10 open reading frame 90	Homo sapiens	89-93
9294144-0	1997	Major histocompatibility complex-independent recognition of a distinctive pollen antigen, most likely a carbohydrate, by human CD8+ alpha/beta T cells.	Carbohydrates	104-116	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	127-137
9321876-0	1997	Cholecystokinin octapeptide inhibits carbohydrate but not protein intake.	Carbohydrates	37-49	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	0-15
9321876-2	1997	Blood levels of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) had increased to 13.6 +/- 1.4 and 16.7 +/- 1.7 pmol/l when the rats stopped ingesting carbohydrate or protein and continued to increase to 35.6 +/- 3.2 pmol/l 30 min after the carbohydrate meal and 34.4 +/- 3.5 pmol/l 60 min after the protein meal.	Carbohydrates	138-150	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	16-31
9321876-2	1997	Blood levels of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) had increased to 13.6 +/- 1.4 and 16.7 +/- 1.7 pmol/l when the rats stopped ingesting carbohydrate or protein and continued to increase to 35.6 +/- 3.2 pmol/l 30 min after the carbohydrate meal and 34.4 +/- 3.5 pmol/l 60 min after the protein meal.	Carbohydrates	228-240	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	16-31
9306701-7	1997	The expression of Lin5 and Lin7 in gynoecia and stamens, respectively, suggests an important function in supplying carbohydrates to these flower organs, whereas the Lin7 mRNA was found to be present exclusively in this specific sink organ.	Carbohydrates	115-128	cell-wall invertase	Solanum lycopersicum	27-31
9315107-2	1997	Lectin-like receptors on human NK cells, such as NKR-PIA and CD94, bind to target cell carbohydrate ligands and initiate the lytic process.	Carbohydrates	87-99	killer cell lectin like receptor D1	Homo sapiens	61-65
2500331-1	1989	The GH receptor in adipocytes is a glycoprotein that has a half-life of less than 1 h. After 2 h of treatment with the alkaloid swainsonine, which interferes with carbohydrate processing, virtually all of the GH receptors on the surface of adipocytes are replaced with receptors whose carbohydrate side-chains are incomplete.	Carbohydrates	163-175	growth hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	4-15
11988021-2	2002	It is likely that carbohydrates play a significant role in regulating agrin activity, as agrin binds multiple glycan structures and is itself a highly glycosylated protein.	Carbohydrates	18-31	agrin	Homo sapiens	70-75
11988021-2	2002	It is likely that carbohydrates play a significant role in regulating agrin activity, as agrin binds multiple glycan structures and is itself a highly glycosylated protein.	Carbohydrates	18-31	agrin	Homo sapiens	89-94
11988021-3	2002	Here we provide support for this contention by showing that agrin can be modified with the CT antigen, a carbohydrate structure expressed at the neuromuscular junction, and by describing the resulting changes in agrin binding to neoglycoconjugates and cultured myotubes, as well as changes in agrin-dependent AChR clustering.	Carbohydrates	105-117	agrin	Homo sapiens	60-65
2500331-1	1989	The GH receptor in adipocytes is a glycoprotein that has a half-life of less than 1 h. After 2 h of treatment with the alkaloid swainsonine, which interferes with carbohydrate processing, virtually all of the GH receptors on the surface of adipocytes are replaced with receptors whose carbohydrate side-chains are incomplete.	Carbohydrates	285-297	growth hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	4-15
11890713-6	2002	In this study, we document that soluble gp180 is able to bind to CD8-Fc fusion proteins and is absorbed by human CD8 alpha but not CD4 transfected murine T cells and that this interaction is dependent upon carbohydrate on the gp180 molecule.	Carbohydrates	206-218	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C	Homo sapiens	40-45
11890713-6	2002	In this study, we document that soluble gp180 is able to bind to CD8-Fc fusion proteins and is absorbed by human CD8 alpha but not CD4 transfected murine T cells and that this interaction is dependent upon carbohydrate on the gp180 molecule.	Carbohydrates	206-218	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	65-68
2677679-4	1989	However, the abnormal TGF-beta 1 polypeptides containing the altered carbohydrate side chains were secreted readily by the CHO cells.	Carbohydrates	69-81	transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein	Cricetulus griseus	22-32
11890713-6	2002	In this study, we document that soluble gp180 is able to bind to CD8-Fc fusion proteins and is absorbed by human CD8 alpha but not CD4 transfected murine T cells and that this interaction is dependent upon carbohydrate on the gp180 molecule.	Carbohydrates	206-218	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	113-122
11890713-6	2002	In this study, we document that soluble gp180 is able to bind to CD8-Fc fusion proteins and is absorbed by human CD8 alpha but not CD4 transfected murine T cells and that this interaction is dependent upon carbohydrate on the gp180 molecule.	Carbohydrates	206-218	carboxypeptidase D	Mus musculus	226-231
2473955-9	1989	The specificity of M371 was shown to differ from that of the antibodies CT1 and CT2, which identify a carbohydrate determinant of CD45 expressed on cytotoxic lymphocytes and IEL.	Carbohydrates	102-114	cardiotrophin 1	Mus musculus	72-75
2753951-1	1989	Most purification procedures used previously to isolate alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) from plasma can lead to some alterations in its carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	136-148	orosomucoid 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-86
11971864-1	2002	Galectin-4 is a member of galectin family and has two carbohydrate recognition domains.	Carbohydrates	54-66	galectin 4	Homo sapiens	0-10
11971864-2	2002	Although galectin-4 has been thought to function in cell adhesion, its precise carbohydrate binding specificity has not yet been clarified.	Carbohydrates	79-91	galectin 4	Homo sapiens	9-19
11971864-3	2002	We studied the carbohydrate binding specificity of galectin-4 comparatively with that of galectin-3, using surface plasmon resonance, galectin-3- or -4-Sepharose column chromatography and the inhibition assay of their binding to immobilized asialofetuin.	Carbohydrates	15-27	galectin 4	Homo sapiens	51-61
11971864-10	2002	These results suggest that galectin-4 has a unique carbohydrate binding specificity and interacts with O-linked sulfoglycans.	Carbohydrates	51-63	galectin 4	Homo sapiens	27-37
2647161-3	1989	Absence of carbohydrate at alpha asparagine (Asn) 52 decreased combination with CG beta but did not alter monomer secretion.	Carbohydrates	11-23	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 3	Homo sapiens	80-87
11872162-1	2002	cDNA and genomic clones encoding the mouse glucuronyltransferase (GlcAT-P) involved in biosynthesis of the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope were isolated and the structural organization of the gene was determined.	Carbohydrates	113-125	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	66-73
11872162-1	2002	cDNA and genomic clones encoding the mouse glucuronyltransferase (GlcAT-P) involved in biosynthesis of the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope were isolated and the structural organization of the gene was determined.	Carbohydrates	113-125	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	107-112
2475262-4	1989	Human MAG also contains a highly immunogenic carbohydrate determinant that is also expressed on other neural glycoconjugates and is the antigen recognized by many human IgM paraproteins that occur in patients with peripheral neuropathy.	Carbohydrates	45-57	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	6-9
11861918-9	2002	The E.gracilis rpoA gene is the distal cistron of a multigene cluster that includes genes for carbohydrate biosynthesis, photosynthetic electron transport, an antenna complex and ribosomal proteins.	Carbohydrates	94-106	rpoA	Euglena viridis	15-19
3063304-3	1988	By immunohistochemical methods we investigated the expression of carbohydrate structures related to the ABH, Lewis, T and Tn blood group systems in 28 fetal pancreas, from 13th-40th gestational week using a comprehensive set of well-defined monoclonal antibodies, reacting with type 1, 2, 3, and 4 chain carbohydrate structures.	Carbohydrates	65-77	alkB homolog 1, histone H2A dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	104-107
3052807-4	1988	The 1C5-defined antigen was resistant to neuraminidase and trypsin treatment, but sensitive to periodate treatment, indicating that an epitope of the 1C5-defined antigen is a carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	175-187	tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein theta	Homo sapiens	4-7
12515997-1	2002	CDw75, a B lymphocyte surface antigen, is a sialylated carbohydrate epitope, which is generated by the enzyme beta galactosyl alpha 2,6 sialyltransferase (Sia-T1).	Carbohydrates	55-67	A-kinase anchoring protein 17A	Homo sapiens	9-37
12515997-1	2002	CDw75, a B lymphocyte surface antigen, is a sialylated carbohydrate epitope, which is generated by the enzyme beta galactosyl alpha 2,6 sialyltransferase (Sia-T1).	Carbohydrates	55-67	ST6 beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	155-162
11924122-7	2002	Higher platelet capacity for agglutination and aggregation by altering the carbohydrate specificity of GP IIb/IIIa receptors may be one of the causes of thrombogenesis in patients with US.	Carbohydrates	75-87	integrin subunit alpha 2b	Homo sapiens	103-109
9259984-6	1997	The data from the present study showed that amylin may be involved in carbohydrate homeostasis, but may not be able to stimulate gluconeogenesis in newborn dogs during a 24-h fasting period after birth.	Carbohydrates	70-82	islet amyloid polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	44-50
3052807-4	1988	The 1C5-defined antigen was resistant to neuraminidase and trypsin treatment, but sensitive to periodate treatment, indicating that an epitope of the 1C5-defined antigen is a carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	175-187	tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein theta	Homo sapiens	150-153
3149525-1	1988	The carbohydrate antigens associated with the human ABO and Lewis blood group systems are excellent models for the study of the genetic regulation of glycoconjugate biosynthesis because their expression on erythrocytes and in saliva has been thoroughly investigated in terms of classical genetics and the chemical structures and pathways for the formation of the antigens are now well understood.	Carbohydrates	4-16	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	52-55
9228077-9	1997	In summary, carboxyl-terminal truncation of the human TSHR ectodomain generates a secreted protein with complex carbohydrate that neutralizes autoantibodies in Graves" patients" sera.	Carbohydrates	112-124	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	54-58
11559704-6	2001	Biochemical and carbohydrate analysis revealed that p125, p140, and the two additional EndoGlyx-1 subunits, p110 and p200, are exposed on the cell surface.	Carbohydrates	16-28	SEC23 interacting protein	Homo sapiens	52-56
11567028-4	2001	One of the most intriguing issues is that glycosylation of IgG-Fc is essential for the recognition by Fc gamma Rs although the carbohydrate moieties are on the periphery of the Fc gamma RIII-Fc interface.	Carbohydrates	127-139	Fc gamma receptor IIIa	Homo sapiens	177-190
11533057-4	2001	The ability of heparin-related saccharides to activate a recombinant murine tryptase, mouse mast cell protease-6 (mMCP-6), was strongly dependent on anionic charge density and size.	Carbohydrates	31-42	tryptase beta 2	Mus musculus	92-112
9171393-4	1997	The carbohydrate fermentation phenotype of the E. chrysanthemi crp mutants is similar to that of an E. coli crp mutant.	Carbohydrates	4-16	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	63-66
3409704-3	1988	Lyophilization of hemoglobin solutions in the absence of carbohydrates results in significant oxidative degradation of Hb as measured by a large increase (approximately 60%) in methemoglobin.	Carbohydrates	57-70	hemoglobin subunit gamma 2	Homo sapiens	177-190
9162064-3	1997	Cloning and sequencing of one, a 36-kDa protein, identified it as the human homolog of galectin-4, a protein containing two carbohydrate binding domains and previously found only in the epithelial cells of the rat and porcine alimentary tract.	Carbohydrates	124-136	galectin 4	Homo sapiens	87-97
9210489-0	1997	HNK-1 carbohydrate-mediated cell adhesion to laminin-1 is different from heparin-mediated and sulfatide-mediated cell adhesion.	Carbohydrates	6-18	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	0-5
9210489-1	1997	The sulfated HNK-1 carbohydrate present on glycolipids and on several neural recognition molecules has been shown to mediate the adhesion of murine small cerebellar neurons and astrocytes to the extracellular matrix molecule laminin-1.	Carbohydrates	19-31	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	13-18
9210489-2	1997	In this study, we characterized the binding of the HNK-1 carbohydrate to laminin-1 extracted from the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) sarcoma and distinguished it unequivocally from binding sites for other sulfated carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	57-69	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	51-56
11533057-4	2001	The ability of heparin-related saccharides to activate a recombinant murine tryptase, mouse mast cell protease-6 (mMCP-6), was strongly dependent on anionic charge density and size.	Carbohydrates	31-42	tryptase beta 2	Mus musculus	114-120
11696457-4	2001	We found that, like humans exposed to bovine thrombin, mice developed an immune response against the therapeutic and the xenogeneic carbohydrate galactose-alpha1-3-galactose, and some mice developed autoantibodies against clotting factors.	Carbohydrates	132-144	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Bos taurus	45-53
9210489-2	1997	In this study, we characterized the binding of the HNK-1 carbohydrate to laminin-1 extracted from the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) sarcoma and distinguished it unequivocally from binding sites for other sulfated carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	211-224	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	51-56
3409704-4	1988	Hb samples lyophilized in increasing carbohydrate concentrations show reduced levels of methemoglobin, and at 0.5 M trehalose, sucrose, or glucose, these levels are reduced to nearly the same levels as unlyophilized controls.	Carbohydrates	37-49	hemoglobin subunit gamma 2	Homo sapiens	88-101
9210489-4	1997	The HNK-1 carbohydrate also interacted with placental laminin isoforms containing an alpha chain variant.	Carbohydrates	10-22	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	4-9
9210489-7	1997	Binding studies with native or denatured laminin E8 fragments and proteolytic or recombinant fragments of the G domain localized the HNK-1 carbohydrate binding site to domain G2.	Carbohydrates	139-151	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	133-138
2836387-1	1988	cDNA comprising the entire length of the rat Kupffer cell receptor (Mr = 88,000 and 77,000) for carbohydrates with an affinity for fucose and galactose was isolated, and its nucleotide sequence was determined.	Carbohydrates	96-109	C-type lectin domain family 4, member F	Rattus norvegicus	45-66
9210489-10	1997	The G2 domain is also involved in the adhesion of HNK-1 carbohydrate expressing early postnatal cerebellar neurons and is different from heparin- and sulfatide-mediated cell adhesion to laminin-1.	Carbohydrates	56-68	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	50-55
9210489-11	1997	HNK-1 carbohydrate-mediated cell adhesion appears, however, to be dependent on the native conformation of laminin-1 indicating a more complex cellular recognition process.	Carbohydrates	6-18	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	0-5
11481321-6	2001	Phosphatidylinositol, a surfactant-associated ligand that interacts with the carboxyl-terminal neck and carbohydrate recognition domains of SP-D, inhibited the SP-D-dependent increase in MMP biosynthesis.	Carbohydrates	104-116	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	140-144
11481321-6	2001	Phosphatidylinositol, a surfactant-associated ligand that interacts with the carboxyl-terminal neck and carbohydrate recognition domains of SP-D, inhibited the SP-D-dependent increase in MMP biosynthesis.	Carbohydrates	104-116	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	160-164
9129080-4	1997	Mycobacterial cell wall components were assessed by ELISA for their ability to bind the carbohydrate recognition domain of rMBP.	Carbohydrates	88-100	myelin basic protein	Rattus norvegicus	123-127
3044348-1	1988	The carbohydrate structures determining the ABO blood group system have been almost completely characterized.	Carbohydrates	4-16	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	44-59
11557512-9	2001	Lipid and carbohydrate inhibit acid secretion by activating CCK-A receptors but not by altering plasma CCK concentrations.	Carbohydrates	10-22	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
2448311-10	1988	The most straightforward interpretation of these observations is that the L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate and the sulfated carbohydrates, sulfatide and heparin, act as ligands in cell adhesion.	Carbohydrates	83-95	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	77-82
9147056-5	1997	These results, together with the immunohistochemical studies showing that p180 was absent from the majority of high endothelial venules (HEV) but present in medullary macrophages, led us to conclude that p180 obtained from LN lysates by the use of the silkworm LEC-IgG is not a physiological ligand for L-selectin, warning against the use of recombinant proteins expressed in the baculovirus/ silkworm expression system for the detection of carbohydrate ligands.	Carbohydrates	441-453	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 9A	Rattus norvegicus	204-208
2975805-6	1988	PEPCK activity in the youngest age group is greatest in the presence of 31% saccharides in the food, at 90 days it is stimulated in the presence of 31-46% saccharides, at 150 days the decisive concentration is 41 and 46% and at one year proteins are used for saccharide synthesis in diet with a 31 and 36% saccharide concentration.	Carbohydrates	76-87	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
9038172-10	1997	The different molecular mass of the recombinant FHR-4 and the dimeric FHR-4 in plasma is due to different carbohydrate moieties.	Carbohydrates	106-118	complement factor H related 4	Homo sapiens	48-53
9038172-10	1997	The different molecular mass of the recombinant FHR-4 and the dimeric FHR-4 in plasma is due to different carbohydrate moieties.	Carbohydrates	106-118	complement factor H related 4	Homo sapiens	70-75
9119361-0	1997	Fine mapping of the gene for carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome, type I (CDG1): linkage disequilibrium and founder effect in Scandinavian families.	Carbohydrates	29-41	phosphomannomutase 2	Homo sapiens	83-87
11588000-9	2001	These results indicate that mucin mRNA expression (for peptide backbone) increases similarly after LPS instillation or OVA challenge; however, carbohydrate compositions of newly produced mucin are different between the two groups.	Carbohydrates	143-155	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	187-192
11536167-8	2001	These data indicate that certain carbohydrate moieties are required for processing the tyrosinase peptides recognized by CD4(+) T cells.	Carbohydrates	33-45	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	87-97
8974399-3	1997	A carbohydrate-dependent interaction between newly synthesized glycoproteins, the thiol-dependent reductase ERp57, and either calnexin or calreticulin was identified.	Carbohydrates	2-14	calnexin	Canis lupus familiaris	126-134
2975805-6	1988	PEPCK activity in the youngest age group is greatest in the presence of 31% saccharides in the food, at 90 days it is stimulated in the presence of 31-46% saccharides, at 150 days the decisive concentration is 41 and 46% and at one year proteins are used for saccharide synthesis in diet with a 31 and 36% saccharide concentration.	Carbohydrates	155-166	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
2975805-6	1988	PEPCK activity in the youngest age group is greatest in the presence of 31% saccharides in the food, at 90 days it is stimulated in the presence of 31-46% saccharides, at 150 days the decisive concentration is 41 and 46% and at one year proteins are used for saccharide synthesis in diet with a 31 and 36% saccharide concentration.	Carbohydrates	76-86	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
15275160-2	1997	It maintains a pool of NADPH, which serves to protect against oxidant stress and which generates carbohydrate intermediates used in nucleotide and other biosynthetic pathways.	Carbohydrates	97-109	2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1	Homo sapiens	23-28
9228670-1	1997	Recent advances in tumor carbohydrate biochemistry have demonstrated antitumor effects of locally administered GM3 ganglioside on mouse MBT-2 tumor.	Carbohydrates	25-37	granulocyte macrophage antigen 3	Mus musculus	111-114
11384771-8	2001	Feeding a high-protein low-carbohydrate diet suppressed the pancreatic amylase activity and mRNA abundance in PBD rats to a similar degree in those treated, and those untreated, with devazepide.	Carbohydrates	27-39	amylase 2a3	Rattus norvegicus	60-78
2975805-6	1988	PEPCK activity in the youngest age group is greatest in the presence of 31% saccharides in the food, at 90 days it is stimulated in the presence of 31-46% saccharides, at 150 days the decisive concentration is 41 and 46% and at one year proteins are used for saccharide synthesis in diet with a 31 and 36% saccharide concentration.	Carbohydrates	155-165	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
8809039-0	1996	The alpha-helical neck region of human lung surfactant protein D is essential for the binding of the carbohydrate recognition domains to lipopolysaccharides and phospholipids.	Carbohydrates	101-113	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	39-64
2450315-2	1987	Recent evidence suggests that the L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate participates in adhesion.	Carbohydrates	43-55	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	37-42
8809039-1	1996	We have expressed the carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) of human lung surfactant protein D (SP-D) in Escherichia coli as a trimeric structure held together by the alpha-helical neck region of the molecule.	Carbohydrates	22-34	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	71-96
8809039-1	1996	We have expressed the carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) of human lung surfactant protein D (SP-D) in Escherichia coli as a trimeric structure held together by the alpha-helical neck region of the molecule.	Carbohydrates	22-34	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	98-102
2450315-3	1987	Since indirect evidence indicated that the L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate is not present on all molecules within a particular species of glycoproteins, it seemed pertinent to investigate this more directly by sequential immunoprecipitations.	Carbohydrates	52-64	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	46-51
3674882-0	1987	Structures of the carbohydrate moieties of human prostatic acid phosphatase elucidated by H1 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.	Carbohydrates	18-30	acid phosphatase 3	Homo sapiens	49-75
8702834-5	1996	A CGbeta gene was engineered in which the N-linked sites were inactivated to eliminate background from those carbohydrate groups.	Carbohydrates	109-121	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 3	Homo sapiens	2-8
11279026-6	2001	Deglycosylation experiments and reactivity with lectins demonstrated that the corneodesmosin carbohydrate moiety does not prevent the proteolysis.	Carbohydrates	93-105	corneodesmosin	Homo sapiens	78-92
11279053-6	2001	We show that mutation of this residue reduces the potency of MAG inhibitory activity but that residual activity is also a result of carbohydrate recognition.	Carbohydrates	132-144	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	61-64
3674882-1	1987	The structures of the oligosaccharides comprising the carbohydrate moieties of human prostatic acid phosphatase were elucidated by 1H NMR spectroscopy.	Carbohydrates	54-66	acid phosphatase 3	Homo sapiens	85-111
11385073-6	2001	GLP-1 injection resulted in a reduced consumption of the maintenance diet from 2 to 14 h. The decreased food intake from 2 to 14 h after GLP-1 administration occurred after carbohydrate intake, either by meal or preloads, but not after protein intake, either as a meal or preload.	Carbohydrates	173-185	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
8975676-2	1996	The subunits of NDP kinase were separated by SDS-PAGE, blotted onto an Immobilon-P membrane, and their carbohydrate content was determined.	Carbohydrates	103-115	cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 1	Bos taurus	16-26
2449119-5	1987	MAG in the various regions was qualitatively examined on Western blots by binding of lectins and by immunostaining with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against carbohydrate and protein epitopes of MAG.	Carbohydrates	165-177	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	0-3
8666674-10	1996	FucT-IV transfected Jurkat cells synthesized low avidity ligands for E-selectin but only in association with CDw65 (VIM-2) carbohydrate epitope.	Carbohydrates	123-135	vimentin 2, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	116-121
8724132-12	1996	The carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of RHL1, isolated after subtilisin digestion of ASGP-R bound to ASOR-Sepharose, retained ligand-binding activity as assessed by its binding to ASOR-Sepharose and by ligand blotting.	Carbohydrates	4-16	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	45-49
11385073-6	2001	GLP-1 injection resulted in a reduced consumption of the maintenance diet from 2 to 14 h. The decreased food intake from 2 to 14 h after GLP-1 administration occurred after carbohydrate intake, either by meal or preloads, but not after protein intake, either as a meal or preload.	Carbohydrates	173-185	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	137-142
11499965-3	2001	Mucosal surfaces express significant amounts of carbohydrate blood-group antigens under the control of the Secretor, Lewis and ABO systems.	Carbohydrates	48-60	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	127-130
3676256-3	1987	The delipidated high-density product obtained had a nominal molecular weight of about 10(6) and an overall composition characteristic for a mucin glycoprotein, viz., a high content of serine and threonine, about 80% carbohydrate by weight, the absence of mannose or uronic acid, measurable ester sulfate, and a Pronase-resistant domain of molecular weight (1.75-3.0) X 10(5) which contains essentially all of the saccharide residues.	Carbohydrates	413-423	mucin	Canis lupus familiaris	140-145
11278670-0	2001	The crystal structure of a novel mammalian lectin, Ym1, suggests a saccharide binding site.	Carbohydrates	67-77	chitinase-like 3	Mus musculus	51-54
11278670-10	2001	Ym1 and chitinase A have a similar carbohydrate binding cleft.	Carbohydrates	35-47	chitinase-like 3	Mus musculus	0-3
8745401-2	1996	CD23 specifically interacts in a calcium-dependent manner, "lectin-like" with carbohydrate moieties expressed on CD21 and CD11b/c, but also "lectin-unlike" with protein epitopes on IgE.	Carbohydrates	78-90	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	122-127
3301902-4	1987	High carbohydrate and prudent diets resulted in low rates of nonstimulated glycerol release and impaired insulin action in the presence of adenosine deaminase (320 mU/ml).	Carbohydrates	5-17	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	139-158
8560266-3	1996	Osteopontin induces cellular chemotaxis but not homotypic aggregation, whereas the inverse is true for the interaction between CD44 and a carbohydrate ligand, hyaluronate.	Carbohydrates	138-150	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Homo sapiens	127-131
11297533-6	2001	The removal of carbohydrates resulted in a non-detectable receptor binding to the Fc alone and a 15- to 20-fold reduction of the receptor binding to IgG1, suggesting that the carbohydrates are important in the function of the FcgammaRIII.	Carbohydrates	15-28	Fc gamma receptor IIIa	Homo sapiens	226-237
11297533-6	2001	The removal of carbohydrates resulted in a non-detectable receptor binding to the Fc alone and a 15- to 20-fold reduction of the receptor binding to IgG1, suggesting that the carbohydrates are important in the function of the FcgammaRIII.	Carbohydrates	175-188	Fc gamma receptor IIIa	Homo sapiens	226-237
8573143-0	1996	Expression of the carbohydrate recognition domain of bovine conglutinin and demonstration of its binding to iC3b and yeast mannan.	Carbohydrates	18-30	conglutinin	Bos taurus	60-71
2439561-0	1987	An epitope residing in carbohydrate chains of a sea squirt antigen termed Gi-rep. O-Glycosidically linked oligosaccharides (Gp-1 beta-b) were liberated from a large size glycopeptide (GP) fraction (Gp-1) in a Pronase digest of a sea squirt antigen termed Gi-rep by the treatment with 0.1 N NaOH per 1 mol/L of NaBH4.	Carbohydrates	23-35	GTP binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	124-128
8573143-2	1996	A recombinant protein, composed of the neck-region and the carbohydrate binding domain of bovine conglutinin, has been overexpressed in E. coli.	Carbohydrates	59-71	conglutinin	Bos taurus	97-108
2439561-0	1987	An epitope residing in carbohydrate chains of a sea squirt antigen termed Gi-rep. O-Glycosidically linked oligosaccharides (Gp-1 beta-b) were liberated from a large size glycopeptide (GP) fraction (Gp-1) in a Pronase digest of a sea squirt antigen termed Gi-rep by the treatment with 0.1 N NaOH per 1 mol/L of NaBH4.	Carbohydrates	23-35	GTP binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	198-202
8925112-3	1996	Antigens defined by carbohydrate structures, among which ABO, Hh, Lewis and Secretor are the main representative species, are indirect gene products.	Carbohydrates	20-32	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	57-60
11340632-1	2001	BACKGROUND: Fatty acid synthase (FAS) performs the anabolic conversion of dietary carbohydrate or protein to fat.	Carbohydrates	82-94	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	12-31
8526907-0	1995	Recognition of human recombinant myelin associated glycoprotein by anti-carbohydrate antibodies of the L2/HNK-1 family.	Carbohydrates	72-84	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	33-63
2438288-5	1987	It does not belong to the L2/HNK-1 family of neural cell adhesion molecules but expresses another carbohydrate epitope that is shared with the adhesion molecules L1 and myelin-associated glycoprotein, but is not present on N-CAM or J1.	Carbohydrates	98-110	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	169-199
11340632-1	2001	BACKGROUND: Fatty acid synthase (FAS) performs the anabolic conversion of dietary carbohydrate or protein to fat.	Carbohydrates	82-94	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	33-36
2438278-6	1987	HL-14 is very similar to a rat lung lectin (RL-14.5) in carbohydrate binding specificity and amino acid composition and reacts strongly with an antiserum raised against the rat lectin.	Carbohydrates	56-68	galectin 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
11778741-0	2001	Differential expression of two carbohydrate epitopes, CD15 and HNK-1, in developing vertebrate olfactory receptor neurones.	Carbohydrates	31-43	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	63-68
24178839-0	1995	Melanotropin-potentiating factor isolated from filtrate of uremic patients suffering from melanosis and carbohydrate intolerance.	Carbohydrates	104-116	mesothelin	Homo sapiens	0-32
24178839-1	1995	Following the characterization of a hexadecapeptide,alpha-endorphin, melanotropin-potentiating factor (MPF) was isolated from the filtrate of uremic patients suffering from melanosis and carbohydrate intolerance.	Carbohydrates	187-199	mesothelin	Homo sapiens	69-101
24178839-1	1995	Following the characterization of a hexadecapeptide,alpha-endorphin, melanotropin-potentiating factor (MPF) was isolated from the filtrate of uremic patients suffering from melanosis and carbohydrate intolerance.	Carbohydrates	187-199	mesothelin	Homo sapiens	103-106
3035846-4	1987	It is possible that the intensification of G6PDH activity in carcinomas is a sign of the shift of the carbohydrate metabolism from an aerobic path or that the activity of the pentose shunt is higher because of the increased need for nucleic acid precursors in tissues with faster growth rates.	Carbohydrates	102-114	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	43-48
7493407-2	1995	HNK-1 recognizes a carbohydrate bound to subsets of a number of cell and extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion molecules, including those of the tenascin/cytotactin family.	Carbohydrates	19-31	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 like L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	0-5
11319645-2	2001	In a group of endurance athletes, with a range in fiber type distribution, we hypothesized that the effect of the high-fat diet on UCP2 and UCP3 mRNA expression is more pronounced in muscle fibers which are known to have a high capacity to shift from carbohydrate to fat oxidation (type IIA fibers).	Carbohydrates	251-263	uncoupling protein 3	Homo sapiens	140-144
3549733-8	1987	The invertase from a mutant, mnn1 mnn9 dpg1, which underglycosylates its glycoproteins and produces invertase with 4-7 oligosaccharide chains, forms oligomers of much lower stability than the mnn1 mnn9 invertase, which has 8-11 carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	228-240	mannosyltransferase complex subunit MNN9	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	34-38
11875281-0	2001	Immunocytological localization of the HNK-1 carbohydrate in murine cerebellum, hippocampus and spinal cord using monoclonal antibodies with different epitope specificities.	Carbohydrates	44-56	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	38-43
11875281-1	2001	The HNK-1 carbohydrate, an unusual 3"-sulfated glucuronic acid epitope characteristic of many neural recognition molecules, serves as a ligand in neural cell interactions and is differentially expressed in the quadriceps and saphenous branches of the femoral nerve in the PNS of adult mice.	Carbohydrates	10-22	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	4-9
11875281-2	2001	Based on these observations, we investigated the possibility that the HNK-1 carbohydrate may be differentially distributed in neurons and fiber tracts also in the CNS thereby contributing to different targeting and guidance mechanisms.	Carbohydrates	76-88	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	70-75
11875281-4	2001	In the adult mouse cerebellum the HNK-1 carbohydrate is detectable in stripe-like compartments in the molecular and Purkinje cell layers, whereas N-CAM and its associated alpha2,8 polysialic acid does not show this compartmentation.	Carbohydrates	40-52	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	34-39
11875281-5	2001	In the adult hippocampus, the HNK-1 carbohydrate localizes to perineuronal nets of inhibitory interneurons and marks the inner third of the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus.	Carbohydrates	36-48	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	30-35
11298833-1	2001	Binding of mannose-binding lectin (MBL), a C-type lectin, and its associated serine proteases, MASP-1 and MASP-2, to cell surface carbohydrates activates the lectin complement pathway.	Carbohydrates	130-143	MBL associated serine protease 2	Homo sapiens	106-112
7639682-2	1995	This study shows that, in hepatocytes incubated with 5 mM glucose as sole carbohydrate substrate, both glucokinase and its regulatory protein bind to the cell matrix by a Mg(2+)-dependent mechanism.	Carbohydrates	74-86	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	103-114
7643251-5	1995	Serine dehydratase activity in the carbohydrate-fed group was the lowest.	Carbohydrates	35-47	serine dehydratase	Rattus norvegicus	0-18
3481699-4	1987	The apparent Km of the enzyme for gastric mucus glycoprotein was 10.5 microM, and the sulfate ester was found incorporated into the carbohydrate chains of mucin.	Carbohydrates	132-144	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	155-160
7626109-2	1995	By a variety of methodologies utilizing lectins to probe carbohydrate structure, we find evidence that five out of six cell lines having K-ras mutations have elevated amounts of beta 1-6 branching at the trimannosyl core of N-linked carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	57-69	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	137-142
7626109-2	1995	By a variety of methodologies utilizing lectins to probe carbohydrate structure, we find evidence that five out of six cell lines having K-ras mutations have elevated amounts of beta 1-6 branching at the trimannosyl core of N-linked carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	57-69	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	178-186
11308027-1	2001	The first two steps in mammalian biosynthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid, an important carbohydrate moiety in biological recognition systems, are performed by the bifunctional enzyme UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase.	Carbohydrates	87-99	glucosamine (UDP-N-acetyl)-2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase	Homo sapiens	183-245
3438254-10	1987	Horse ceruloplasmin is a glycoprotein containing about 20% carbohydrate by weight.	Carbohydrates	59-71	ceruloplasmin	Equus caballus	6-19
11207441-2	2001	The present study was initiated to analyse the regulation of activity and gene expression of hepatic glucokinase (GK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) by dietary carbohydrates in this species.	Carbohydrates	164-177	glucokinase	Oncorhynchus mykiss	101-112
7659097-1	1995	Activation of C3 results in the generation of metastable C3b, which has been shown to preferentially react with the hydroxyl groups of carbohydrates and with specific serine and threonine residues in proteins.	Carbohydrates	135-148	complement C3	Homo sapiens	57-60
7659097-3	1995	The results demonstrated that Tyr reacts with the thioester of metastable C3b and that this reactivity was 11-fold better than that of threonine, 47-fold better than serine and 50-fold better than the reactivity of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	215-228	complement C3	Homo sapiens	74-77
7481529-5	1995	Rats adapted to a diet with low carbohydrate content showed a significant decrease in PAP mRNA concentrations.	Carbohydrates	32-44	regenerating family member 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	86-89
3789835-7	1986	Cancer patients with liver metastases (N = 14) had significantly higher fat oxidation rates (p less than 0.01) and significantly lower carbohydrate oxidation rates (p less than 0.01) compared with cancer patients who had localized disease.	Carbohydrates	135-147	SS nuclear autoantigen 1	Homo sapiens	39-45
7626503-0	1995	Structure and function of corticosteroid-binding globulin: role of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	67-80	corticosteroid-binding globulin	Cricetulus griseus	26-57
11291690-9	2001	CONCLUSION: In this patient, challenged simultaneously with carbohydrate antigen epitopes representing both the ABO and the xenobarrier, the humoral immune response differed concerning the immunoglobulin classes induced.	Carbohydrates	60-72	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	112-115
2428831-1	1986	In some patients with neuropathy and IgM M-proteins the M-proteins bind to a carbohydrate determinant that is shared by the CNS and PNS myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and by several additional glycoproteins and 2 glycolipids in peripheral nerve.	Carbohydrates	77-89	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	136-166
11161481-4	2001	A possible mechanism for increased excitatory synaptic transmission in mutants could involve modulation of inhibition, since TN-R and its associated carbohydrate HNK-1 decorate perisomatic interneurons.	Carbohydrates	149-161	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	162-167
7626503-3	1995	Processing of individual carbohydrate chains (branching and fucosylation) is site-specific and may, thus, account for the formation of structural determinants essential for the recognition of CBG by cell membranes.	Carbohydrates	25-37	corticosteroid-binding globulin	Cricetulus griseus	192-195
7626503-5	1995	Evidence has been obtained to support the hypothesis that transient carbohydrate-polypeptide interactions between Trp266 and the maturing carbohydrate chain at Asn238 occur during early stages of the CBG biosynthesis which affect protein folding and formation of the steroid-binding site.	Carbohydrates	68-80	corticosteroid-binding globulin	Cricetulus griseus	200-203
7626503-5	1995	Evidence has been obtained to support the hypothesis that transient carbohydrate-polypeptide interactions between Trp266 and the maturing carbohydrate chain at Asn238 occur during early stages of the CBG biosynthesis which affect protein folding and formation of the steroid-binding site.	Carbohydrates	138-150	corticosteroid-binding globulin	Cricetulus griseus	200-203
11474122-9	2001	The severe impairment in mucin adhesion to MBP, induced by the diet containing ethanol, supports the conclusion that specific carbohydrate determinants participate in mucin attachment to MBP and epigenetic control of the processes that coordinates its interaction with apical mucosal epithelium in the formation of innate protective barrier.	Carbohydrates	126-138	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	25-30
11474122-9	2001	The severe impairment in mucin adhesion to MBP, induced by the diet containing ethanol, supports the conclusion that specific carbohydrate determinants participate in mucin attachment to MBP and epigenetic control of the processes that coordinates its interaction with apical mucosal epithelium in the formation of innate protective barrier.	Carbohydrates	126-138	myelin basic protein	Rattus norvegicus	43-46
2428831-1	1986	In some patients with neuropathy and IgM M-proteins the M-proteins bind to a carbohydrate determinant that is shared by the CNS and PNS myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and by several additional glycoproteins and 2 glycolipids in peripheral nerve.	Carbohydrates	77-89	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	168-171
11474122-9	2001	The severe impairment in mucin adhesion to MBP, induced by the diet containing ethanol, supports the conclusion that specific carbohydrate determinants participate in mucin attachment to MBP and epigenetic control of the processes that coordinates its interaction with apical mucosal epithelium in the formation of innate protective barrier.	Carbohydrates	126-138	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	167-172
11474122-9	2001	The severe impairment in mucin adhesion to MBP, induced by the diet containing ethanol, supports the conclusion that specific carbohydrate determinants participate in mucin attachment to MBP and epigenetic control of the processes that coordinates its interaction with apical mucosal epithelium in the formation of innate protective barrier.	Carbohydrates	126-138	myelin basic protein	Rattus norvegicus	187-190
7766708-2	1995	During the course of studies aimed at investigating the role of cell surface carbohydrates in adhesion, it was discovered that a contaminant of commercial fucose-1-phosphate, dicyclohexylamine, inhibited MOLT-trophoblast adhesion.	Carbohydrates	77-90	transmembrane protein 132D	Homo sapiens	204-208
2427577-2	1986	Initial information relative to carbohydrate moieties of DAF was obtained by enzymatic digestions.	Carbohydrates	32-44	CD55 molecule (Cromer blood group)	Homo sapiens	57-60
7695920-2	1995	SP-D molecules can bind to specific carbohydrates on the surface of bacterial, fungal, and viral organisms and can also interact with membrane glycoconjugates expressed by alveolar macrophages.	Carbohydrates	36-49	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	0-4
11070025-5	2000	Immunolocalization of the US3 glycoprotein after nocodazole treatment and the observation that the carbohydrate moiety of the US3 glycoprotein was not modified by Golgi enzymes indicated that the ER localization of US3 involved true retention, without recycling through the Golgi.	Carbohydrates	99-111	membrane glycoprotein US3	Human betaherpesvirus 5	126-129
11070025-5	2000	Immunolocalization of the US3 glycoprotein after nocodazole treatment and the observation that the carbohydrate moiety of the US3 glycoprotein was not modified by Golgi enzymes indicated that the ER localization of US3 involved true retention, without recycling through the Golgi.	Carbohydrates	99-111	membrane glycoprotein US3	Human betaherpesvirus 5	126-129
2426269-13	1986	Since the axis of ceramide, which is inserted in the lipid bilayer, is perpendicular to the plane of type 2 chain, the epitope recognized by the antibody KH1 is located at the external nonpolar surface of the carbohydrate chain that is overlaid on the lipid bilayer.	Carbohydrates	209-221	potassium voltage-gated channel modifier subfamily F member 1	Homo sapiens	154-157
11029487-9	2000	These results suggest that the Nd2 epitope is unusual in having characteristics of both a peptide and a carbohydrate, protease and conformation sensitivities and involvement of O-linked oligosaccharides.	Carbohydrates	104-116	mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 2	Homo sapiens	31-34
11009624-4	2000	The pseudo-first-order rate constant for factor Xa inhibition by antithrombin complexed with a long-chain approximately 70-saccharide heparin showed a saturable dependence on inhibitor concentration in the presence but not in the absence of 2.5 mM Ca(2+), indicating the formation of an intermediate heparin-serpin-proteinase encounter complex with a dissociation constant of approximately 90 nM prior to formation of the stable serpin-proteinase complex with a rate constant of approximately 20 s(-1).	Carbohydrates	123-133	coagulation factor X	Homo sapiens	41-50
10998116-0	2000	The extracellular matrix molecule tenascin-R and its HNK-1 carbohydrate modulate perisomatic inhibition and long-term potentiation in the CA1 region of the hippocampus.	Carbohydrates	59-71	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	53-58
7620328-4	1995	Adhesion experiments on fibronectin-coated surfaces that mCRP on human blood monocytes may act as a selectin-like adhesion molecule, mediating initial carbohydrate-specific contacts which are followed by peptide-specific recognition via integrin receptors.	Carbohydrates	151-163	C-reactive protein, pentraxin-related	Mus musculus	57-61
7767781-1	1995	Human pepsin A consists of 4 or more isoenzymes (designated 1, 3a, 3b and 3c) one of which, pepsin 1, contains up to 50% carbohydrate moieties.	Carbohydrates	121-133	pepsinogen A5	Homo sapiens	6-14
2426302-7	1986	Further, it is clear that the antibodies that react with the carbohydrate moieties of human MAG cannot be used as specific probes for this glycoprotein.	Carbohydrates	61-73	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	92-95
3017325-7	1986	These data indicate that protein and carbohydrate moieties are essential for the functional integrity of the vascular receptor binding sites for ANP, and suggest that the recovery of the receptor loss by "down-regulation" requires concomitant RNA and protein synthesis.	Carbohydrates	37-49	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	145-148
7814368-10	1995	In addition, since E. coli produces deglycosylated enzymes, these findings suggest that the carbohydrate on the B chain of wild-type thrombin does not affect the amidolytic and fibrinolytic activities of thrombin.	Carbohydrates	92-104	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Bos taurus	133-141
10988247-9	2000	They can be considered as xenoantibodies directed at species which express Gal(beta1-4)Gal-terminated carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	102-114	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	79-86
7998992-9	1994	The data suggest that hepatocellular hydration affects hepatic carbohydrate metabolism also over a longer term by modulating PEPCK mRNA levels.	Carbohydrates	63-75	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	125-130
3722202-2	1986	Our previous studies on carbohydrate structures of purified porcine spleen cathepsin B indicated that there are two cathepsin B isozymes, each containing a different carbohydrate (Takahashi, T., Schmidt, P.G., and Tang, J.	Carbohydrates	24-36	cathepsin B	Homo sapiens	75-86
7535628-0	1994	The L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate is carried by the myelin associated glycoprotein and sulphated glucuronyl glycolipids in muscle but not cutaneous nerves of adult mice.	Carbohydrates	13-25	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	7-12
7535628-1	1994	We have previously shown that myelinating Schwann cells associated with motor, but not sensory, axons in peripheral nerves of adult mice express the L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope.	Carbohydrates	158-170	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	152-157
11083457-5	2000	We observed that human platelet GGT has only one isoenzyme band showing a carbohydrate stained band near the origin on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE).	Carbohydrates	74-86	gamma-glutamyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	32-35
3722202-2	1986	Our previous studies on carbohydrate structures of purified porcine spleen cathepsin B indicated that there are two cathepsin B isozymes, each containing a different carbohydrate (Takahashi, T., Schmidt, P.G., and Tang, J.	Carbohydrates	24-36	cathepsin B	Homo sapiens	116-127
3722202-2	1986	Our previous studies on carbohydrate structures of purified porcine spleen cathepsin B indicated that there are two cathepsin B isozymes, each containing a different carbohydrate (Takahashi, T., Schmidt, P.G., and Tang, J.	Carbohydrates	166-178	cathepsin B	Homo sapiens	116-127
10839125-1	2000	With a view to preparing higher-carbon carbohydrates, crossed-aldol reactions of the methyl ketone 1-deoxy-3,4:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-L-fructose with a representative series of aldehydes have been investigated, and the feasibility has been demonstrated of constructing a C-11 unit containing some of the key functionality found in the carbohydrate component of the herbicidins.	Carbohydrates	39-51	RNA polymerase III subunit K	Homo sapiens	272-276
2424841-10	1986	gp55 is a glycoprotein containing a complex carbohydrate moiety with fucose, mannose, galactose, and glucose, either as terminal nonreducing units or substituted in positions indicated by methylation data.	Carbohydrates	44-56	neuroplastin	Homo sapiens	0-4
10801283-0	2000	Hepatic glucokinase is induced by dietary carbohydrates in rainbow trout, gilthead seabream, and common carp.	Carbohydrates	42-55	glucokinase	Oncorhynchus mykiss	8-19
7874510-6	1994	Nutrients effective at decreasing food intake (carbohydrate and fat) produced significant increases in Fos-like immunopositive cells in the NTS.	Carbohydrates	47-59	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
7979370-4	1994	To understand the causal factor(s) for this activation, the relationship between the AldB mRNA level in the liver and the plasma concentrations of hormones, which are known as major regulators of carbohydrate metabolism during fasting and refeeding, was investigated.	Carbohydrates	196-208	aldolase, fructose-bisphosphate B	Rattus norvegicus	85-89
10801283-2	2000	The absence of an inducible GK has been suggested to explain the poor utilization of dietary carbohydrates in rainbow trout.	Carbohydrates	93-106	glucokinase	Oncorhynchus mykiss	28-30
3736029-2	1986	In a previous study utilizing a rat fetal intestine transplant model, we reported that chronic, continuous, systemic administration of gastrin-17 increased carbohydrate absorption 2.5-fold and protein absorption 1.3-fold.	Carbohydrates	156-168	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	135-142
10801283-5	2000	Our data demonstrate an induction of GK gene expression and GK activity by dietary carbohydrates in all three species.	Carbohydrates	83-96	glucokinase	Oncorhynchus mykiss	37-39
10801283-5	2000	Our data demonstrate an induction of GK gene expression and GK activity by dietary carbohydrates in all three species.	Carbohydrates	83-96	glucokinase	Oncorhynchus mykiss	60-62
10792360-8	2000	Carbohydrate analysis clearly indicated that ProDer p 1 expressed from insect cells was glycosylated and that glycan structures were located only in the prosequence.	Carbohydrates	0-12	Fat body protein 1	Drosophila melanogaster	52-55
10733573-8	2000	These results indicate there are differences between the mechanisms regulating Gcn2p activity in response to amino acid and carbohydrate deficiency.	Carbohydrates	124-136	serine/threonine-protein kinase GCN2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	79-84
10733573-9	2000	Gcn2p induction of GCN4 translation during carbohydrate limitation enhances storage of amino acids in the vacuoles and facilitates entry into exponential growth during a shift from low-glucose to high-glucose medium.	Carbohydrates	43-55	serine/threonine-protein kinase GCN2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-5
10717281-2	2000	In vitro studies indicate that MBL exerts its function by binding to the microbial surface through its carbohydrate recognition domains followed by direct opsonization or complement activation via the MBL associated serine proteases MASP-1 and MASP-2.	Carbohydrates	103-115	mannose binding lectin 2	Gallus gallus	31-34
10805031-3	2000	Lipids and carbohydrates are being progressively considered for preventive purposes since the qualitative distribution of saturated and unsaturated fats and slowly and rapidly absorbed carbohydrates, respectively, seems to be associated with metabolic index predictors of degenerative disorders in later stages of life.	Carbohydrates	11-24	chromosome 10 open reading frame 90	Homo sapiens	148-152
10679100-5	2000	The two forms of mMBL could be separated both by ion-exchange and carbohydrate-affinity chromatography.	Carbohydrates	66-78	mannose-binding lectin (protein C) 2	Mus musculus	17-21
10671567-5	2000	To gain further insight into the nature of the carbohydrate-responsive transcription factor, the glucose regulatory sequences from the mouse S(14) gene were examined in primary hepatocytes.	Carbohydrates	47-59	thyroid hormone responsive	Mus musculus	141-146
10652309-4	2000	The structural basis of the differences in carbohydrate recognition has been investigated by a systematic exchange of amino acids between LTB and CTB.	Carbohydrates	43-55	phosphate cytidylyltransferase 1B, choline	Homo sapiens	146-149
10582173-3	1999	This review presents evidence that a unique carbohydrate epitope is synthesized in the human epididymis, is attached to the core peptide of CD52, a lymphocyte differentiation marker, and is subsequently inserted into the sperm membrane via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor.	Carbohydrates	44-56	CD52 molecule	Homo sapiens	140-144
10493979-1	1999	Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is the key enzyme required for the conversion of dietary carbohydrates to fatty acids.	Carbohydrates	83-96	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	0-19
10493979-1	1999	Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is the key enzyme required for the conversion of dietary carbohydrates to fatty acids.	Carbohydrates	83-96	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	21-24
10484482-1	1999	The role of CCK in mediating neuronal activity in the brain in response to dietary carbohydrate was measured by detecting Fos immunoreactivity in response to duodenal glucose load in rats after administration of the CCK-A receptor antagonist devazepide.	Carbohydrates	83-95	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	12-15
10471495-4	1999	By contrast, both Irs-1 and Irs-2 function in peripheral carbohydrate metabolism, but Irs-2 has the major role in beta-cell development and compensation for peripheral insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	57-69	insulin receptor substrate 2	Cricetulus griseus	28-33
10485384-11	1999	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that carbohydrate on PLA2 is less important than previously thought not only as a dominant IgE epitope but also in synthesis of PLA2-specific IgE in vivo.	Carbohydrates	40-52	phospholipase A2, group IB, pancreas	Mus musculus	56-60
10485384-11	1999	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that carbohydrate on PLA2 is less important than previously thought not only as a dominant IgE epitope but also in synthesis of PLA2-specific IgE in vivo.	Carbohydrates	40-52	phospholipase A2, group IB, pancreas	Mus musculus	163-167
10403125-3	1999	Galbeta 1,3(4)GlcNAc alpha2,3-sialyltransferase (ST3Gal III) is involved in the biosynthesis of sLe(x)and sLe(a) known as selectin ligands and tumor-associated carbohydrate structures.	Carbohydrates	160-172	ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3	Mus musculus	49-59
10372720-0	1999	Analysis of carbohydrate residues on recombinant human thyrotropin receptor.	Carbohydrates	12-24	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	55-75
10427856-4	1999	In the same way, we have prepared through chemoenzymatic syntheses, two disulfated Lewis X pentasaccharides, the sulfated analogs of carbohydrate ligands found on GLYCAM 1, the natural receptor of L-selectin.	Carbohydrates	133-145	glycosylation dependent cell adhesion molecule 1 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	163-171
10403180-2	1999	Ligand blot assays show that the recombinant carbohydrate recognition domain of the thyroid RHL-1 subunit specifically interacts with rat desialated thyroglobulin.	Carbohydrates	45-57	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	92-97
10100178-14	1999	The effects of E2/NETA on other parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism are neutral or favorable.	Carbohydrates	46-58	cystatin 12, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	15-22
10195641-1	1999	A recombinant form of the EBV envelope glycoprotein and vaccine candidate gp340, lacking its hydrophobic transmembrane region, was incorporated into Iscoms after coupling to phosphatidyl ethanolamine via carbohydrate residues.	Carbohydrates	204-216	deleted in malignant brain tumors 1	Homo sapiens	74-79
7947964-0	1994	The carbohydrate structure of the asparagine-linked oligosaccharides of rat plasma thiostatin.	Carbohydrates	4-16	kininogen 2	Rattus norvegicus	83-93
7947964-1	1994	The complete carbohydrate structure of the asparagine-linked oligosaccharides of rat plasma thiostatin was elucidated through chemical and enzymatic methods including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and lectin affinity chromatography.	Carbohydrates	13-25	kininogen 2	Rattus norvegicus	92-102
7835953-5	1994	Monoclonal antibodies to these carbohydrates stimulated eosinophils to secrete eosinophil cationic protein, but not eosinophil peroxidase, and acted as costimulatory signals for C3b-induced degranulation of eosinophil cationic protein.	Carbohydrates	31-44	ribonuclease A family member 3	Homo sapiens	207-234
8040272-5	1994	Each of these effects was mediated by the calcium-dependent carbohydrate-binding property of SP-D.	Carbohydrates	60-72	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	93-97
8162594-1	1994	Three immortalized, human urothelial cell lines were characterized with respect to their ABO-related carbohydrate phenotypes using a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed to a series of carbohydrate epitopes (Lac, sialylated Lac, Le(a), sialylated Le(a), Le(x), sialylated Le(x), H types I and II, Ley, Leb, A monofucosylated types I and II, ALey, Aleb, and A type III).	Carbohydrates	101-113	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	89-92
8171039-9	1994	Transcription from the PEPCK promoter could be induced over the entire course of the experiment by feeding the rats a high-protein, carbohydrate-free diet.	Carbohydrates	132-144	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	23-28
8179616-1	1994	The contents of dolichyl phosphate and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:dolichyl phosphate N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate transferase (GlcNAc-1-P transferase) activity in fibroblasts from patients with carbohydrate-deficient-glycoprotein (CDG) syndrome were analyzed.	Carbohydrates	194-206	dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase 1	Homo sapiens	82-125
8179616-1	1994	The contents of dolichyl phosphate and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:dolichyl phosphate N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate transferase (GlcNAc-1-P transferase) activity in fibroblasts from patients with carbohydrate-deficient-glycoprotein (CDG) syndrome were analyzed.	Carbohydrates	194-206	dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase 1	Homo sapiens	127-149
8144933-6	1994	This carbohydrate, along with a small amount of N-linked carbohydrate, accounts for 50% of the apparent molecular size of murine MCP-1 and is not required for in vitro monocyte chemoattractant activity.	Carbohydrates	5-17	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	129-134
8144933-7	1994	Mutational analysis shows that most of the carbohydrate is added to a 49-amino acid C-terminal domain that is not present in human MCP-1 and is not required for in vitro biologic activity, suggesting that murine MCP-1 consists of an N-terminal domain containing monocyte chemoattractant activity and a heavily glycosylated C-terminal domain of as yet unknown function.	Carbohydrates	43-55	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	212-217
8185161-11	1994	Both CCKA receptors are heavily glycosylated, but of different size and carbohydrate content.	Carbohydrates	72-84	cholecystokinin A receptor	Homo sapiens	5-9
8133037-14	1994	These results show that CHO cells expressing glycophorin A molecules varying in amino acid sequence and carbohydrate composition are useful for studying the fine specificity of Ab and lectin interactions with this glycoprotein.	Carbohydrates	104-116	glycophorin A	Mus musculus	45-58
7536298-0	1994	Carbohydrate specificity of IgM autoantibodies to CD45 in systemic lupus erythematosus.	Carbohydrates	0-12	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C	Homo sapiens	50-54
7536298-9	1994	Taken together, these data suggest that IgM anti-CD45 autoantibodies in SLE recognize non-sialylated carbohydrate determinants in the highly O-glycosylated polymorphic domains of CD45.	Carbohydrates	101-113	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C	Homo sapiens	49-53
7536298-9	1994	Taken together, these data suggest that IgM anti-CD45 autoantibodies in SLE recognize non-sialylated carbohydrate determinants in the highly O-glycosylated polymorphic domains of CD45.	Carbohydrates	101-113	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C	Homo sapiens	179-183
8202196-1	1994	The enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and their relationship with circulating estradiol (ET2) and prolactin (Prl) were studied in premenopausal and postmenopausal women with fibroadenoma and carcinoma of breast.	Carbohydrates	24-36	endothelin 2	Homo sapiens	99-102
7505568-2	1993	MAG is heavily glycosylated containing 30% carbohydrate by weight.	Carbohydrates	43-55	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	0-3
8254051-12	1993	The carbohydrate moiety of THP was also essential for coaggregation, perhaps by facilitating homotypic aggregation of THP.	Carbohydrates	4-16	uromodulin	Homo sapiens	27-30
8254051-12	1993	The carbohydrate moiety of THP was also essential for coaggregation, perhaps by facilitating homotypic aggregation of THP.	Carbohydrates	4-16	uromodulin	Homo sapiens	118-121
7508004-2	1993	Blood group A antigens based on type 1, 2, 3 and 4 carbohydrate core saccharides were present in kidneys of A1 and A1B individuals.	Carbohydrates	51-63	alpha-1-B glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	115-118
7508004-2	1993	Blood group A antigens based on type 1, 2, 3 and 4 carbohydrate core saccharides were present in kidneys of A1 and A1B individuals.	Carbohydrates	69-80	alpha-1-B glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	115-118
8111119-1	1993	A 260-bp genomic PstI fragment, which encodes a portion of the carbohydrate recognition domain, was used along with hybrid somatic cells to map the conglutinin gene (CGN1) to domestic cow (Bos taurus) syntenic group U29.	Carbohydrates	63-75	conglutinin	Bos taurus	166-170
8149643-1	1993	We analyzed the carbohydrate moiety of purified alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) from Lewis adult male rats that were healthy (AGPh) or had experimental polyarthritis (AGPi).	Carbohydrates	16-28	orosomucoid 1	Rattus norvegicus	75-78
8149643-3	1993	Carbohydrate analysis of purified AGP showed a slight decrease in the sialyl and galactosyl molar ratio in polyarthritis.	Carbohydrates	0-12	orosomucoid 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
7503962-7	1993	In solid-phase absorption assays on synthetic carbohydrate structures, Pa-G-14 recognized broadly blood group A, Tn and sialyl-Tn.	Carbohydrates	46-58	pregnancy-associated glycoprotein 14	Bos taurus	71-78
7507882-0	1993	A monoclonal antibody against carbohydrate moiety of rat gastric surface epithelial cell-derived mucin.	Carbohydrates	30-42	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	97-102
7507882-3	1993	This reaction was inhibited by the oxidation of the ELISA well with periodate, indicating the carbohydrate moiety of the mucin molecule to be the epitope of RGM11.	Carbohydrates	94-106	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	121-126
7507882-4	1993	Treatment of the ELISA well with galactose oxidase also reduced the reaction with this MAb, thus suggesting the peripheral galactose and/or N-acetylgalactosamine residues of the carbohydrate moiety of mucin are involved in the epitope structure.	Carbohydrates	178-190	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	201-206
8212194-9	1993	carbohydrate therapy should allow organ allografting to be performed across the ABO blood group barrier in humans.	Carbohydrates	0-12	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	80-95
7687624-4	1993	Carbohydrate analysis of sperm DAF indicated that it contains nonsialated N- and O-linked sugars.	Carbohydrates	0-12	CD55 molecule (Cromer blood group)	Homo sapiens	31-34
8216896-1	1993	alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin was detected as a minor but normal component of pancreatic juice and found, with the aid of monoclonal antibodies and lectins, to differ from serum alpha 1-antichymotrypsin with respect to its carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	218-230	serpin family A member 3	Homo sapiens	0-24
8501156-1	1993	This double blind study was undertaken to determine whether infusion of bombesin (BBS) inhibits the intake of a carbohydrate-rich meal in nine lean healthy subjects and whether inhibition of food intake by BBS is mediated by cholecystokinin (CCK).	Carbohydrates	112-124	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	72-80
8340995-1	1993	To investigate the clinical significance of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), an antigen related to ovarian cancer, in patients with pericardial effusion, we examined the relationship between serum levels of CA125 and the presence or severity of pericardial effusion.	Carbohydrates	44-56	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	70-75
3736029-10	1986	Thus, in this rat model, intraluminal gastrin infusion was capable of increasing carbohydrate (galactose) absorption 456% (P less than 0.01) and protein (glycine) absorption 480% (P less than 0.01).	Carbohydrates	81-93	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	38-45
3081330-1	1986	T4-binding globulin (TBG), the principal carrier of thyroid hormone in serum, is a glycoprotein containing 20% carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	111-123	serpin family A member 7	Homo sapiens	0-19
3081330-1	1986	T4-binding globulin (TBG), the principal carrier of thyroid hormone in serum, is a glycoprotein containing 20% carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	111-123	serpin family A member 7	Homo sapiens	21-24
3081330-2	1986	The importance of the carbohydrate moiety has been previously studied by enzymatic deglycosylation, which showed that deglycosylated TBG retains its original immunological an T4-binding properties.	Carbohydrates	22-34	serpin family A member 7	Homo sapiens	133-136
3729459-3	1986	1) Incomplete synthesis of carbohydrate chains (e.g. loss of ABO antigens) 2) accumulation of precursor carbohydrates (e.g. accumulation of I antigen which is one of the precursors of ABO) 3) synthesis of new carbohydrates (e.g. expression of A-like antigens in cancer of O &amp; B hosts).	Carbohydrates	104-117	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	184-187
3005324-2	1986	The rates of synthesis of fatty acid synthase and the levels of its mRNA are high in livers of chicks, ducklings, or goslings fed high-carbohydrate mash diets and low in livers of starved birds, indicating pretranslational regulation of fatty acid synthase activity.	Carbohydrates	135-147	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	26-45
3005324-8	1986	The amount of fatty acid synthase mRNA in total liver RNA increased rapidly when starved ducklings were fed a high-carbohydrate mash diet, reaching an apparent steady state of 10 times the initial level after 9 h. The kinetics of accumulation suggested a half-life of 4-6 h for fatty acid synthase mRNA in fed ducklings.	Carbohydrates	115-127	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	14-33
3947671-3	1986	It appears that, compared to alpha 1-acid glycoprotein N, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein PB had a higher carbohydrate content (31.7% compared to 26%) and a non-negligible amount of neutral oligosaccharide (12.2% compared to 1.3%).	Carbohydrates	100-112	orosomucoid 1	Rattus norvegicus	58-83
3080986-1	1986	In this communication we show that activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase by DNA damage can produce drastic alterations in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	126-138	poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 1	Mus musculus	49-76
2894737-0	1986	Effect of high carbohydrate diet on serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase fraction pattern in Japanese young men.	Carbohydrates	15-27	inactive glutathione hydrolase 2	Homo sapiens	42-71
3516778-11	1986	The fact that the expression of two fucose-related cell-surface markers, i.e., UEA-I receptors and SSEA-1 (or FBP receptors), is developmentally regulated in an entirely different fashion is an excellent example illustrating the precise control of differentiation-dependent alterations in cell-surface carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	302-315	far upstream element (FUSE) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	110-113
2876501-0	1986	Effects of somatostatin and SMS 201-995 on carbohydrate metabolism in normal man.	Carbohydrates	43-55	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	11-23
2876506-7	1986	Postprandially, a rise in serum somatostatin concentration occurs which is twice as high with protein and fat as it is with carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	124-137	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	32-44
3933422-1	1985	A study was carried out to determine the Michaelian parameters relative to the action of chymosin and pepsin A on bond Phe105-Met106 of bovine kappa0-casein (carbohydrate-free fraction in micellar state).	Carbohydrates	158-170	pepsin A	Bos taurus	102-110
2865015-5	1985	Correlative cytochemical investigations on the tigroid cell foci revealed characteristic changes in carbohydrate metabolism, such as a decrease in the activity of glycogen synthetase and glycogen phosphorylase and an increase in the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.	Carbohydrates	100-112	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	283-323
4062902-7	1985	S-protein was found to be an acidic glycoprotein with 10% (W/W) carbohydrate content and several isoelectric points in the range pH 4.75-5.25, and it contained one free thiol group per molecule of protein.	Carbohydrates	64-76	vitronectin	Homo sapiens	0-9
10188822-6	1999	It bound carbohydrates and phosphatidylinositol, which are the characteristic features of SP-D isolated from other animal species.	Carbohydrates	9-22	surfactant protein D	Equus caballus	90-94
2934089-7	1985	Since the carbohydrate moiety of GPIb beta can be labeled from the outside of intact platelets with membrane-impermeable reagents, we conclude that GPIb beta has a transmembrane orientation.	Carbohydrates	10-22	glycoprotein Ib platelet subunit beta	Homo sapiens	33-42
10334328-3	1999	Compared with ad libitum-fed control rats, the refeeding of isocaloric amounts of a low-fat (high-carbohydrate) diet resulted in lower energy expenditure and lower mRNA levels of muscle UCP2 and UCP3.	Carbohydrates	98-110	uncoupling protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	186-190
2934089-7	1985	Since the carbohydrate moiety of GPIb beta can be labeled from the outside of intact platelets with membrane-impermeable reagents, we conclude that GPIb beta has a transmembrane orientation.	Carbohydrates	10-22	glycoprotein Ib platelet subunit beta	Homo sapiens	148-157
2992380-4	1985	This peroxidase was found to be a glycoprotein containing about 17% carbohydrate, approximately one-quarter of which was shown to be glucosamine residues.	Carbohydrates	68-80	peroxidase N1	Solanum tuberosum	5-15
10495932-0	1999	Prenatal diagnosis and the subsequent mutation analysis in a family with carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein type I syndrome: growing evidence to support founder effects within CDG1 populations.	Carbohydrates	73-85	phosphomannomutase 2	Homo sapiens	177-181
2991222-9	1985	Competition of 125I-beta-glucosidase uptake by various carbohydrate-containing fractions indicates that the best inhibitors are those with 2 PDE, either with or without sulfate esters.	Carbohydrates	55-67	aldehyde dehydrogenase 7 family member A1	Homo sapiens	141-144
9751793-2	1998	These type of oligosaccharides were not found in a detailed structure elucidation of the carbohydrate moiety of THp of one male donor, suggesting a donor-specific feature for these type of structures.	Carbohydrates	89-101	uromodulin	Homo sapiens	112-115
9751793-6	1998	In order to characterize the N-glycans containing repeating N-acetyllactosamine units, carbohydrate chains were enzymatically released from THp and isolated.	Carbohydrates	87-99	uromodulin	Homo sapiens	140-143
8402392-3	1993	Our goal was to test the hypothesis that the influence on fatigability of CA III inhibition is linked to an increased utilization of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	133-146	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	74-80
3155535-6	1985	The total carbohydrate content of rabbit C3 and Factor H was approximately one-half that of the human proteins.	Carbohydrates	10-22	complement factor H	Homo sapiens	48-56
8391010-4	1993	Results from Northern blot analysis indicate that the expression of the T antigen gene (Tag) is dependent on the concentration of D-glucose in the medium and show that the L-PK construct has maintained its capacity for up- or down-regulation by carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	245-258	pyruvate kinase liver and red blood cell	Mus musculus	172-176
9751793-7	1998	The tetraantennary fraction, which accounts for more than 33% of the total carbohydrate moiety of THp, was used to isolate oligosaccharides containing additional N -acetyllactosamine units.	Carbohydrates	75-87	uromodulin	Homo sapiens	98-101
9809796-0	1998	Influence of high-carbohydrate enriched diets on plasma insulin levels and insulin and IGF-I receptors in trout.	Carbohydrates	18-30	insulin-like growth factor I	Oncorhynchus mykiss	87-92
3865607-6	1985	The interaction is inhibited by negatively-charged carbohydrates such as fucoidin, but excess A-LP did not inhibit the degradation of labeled acetyl-LDL by MPM, suggesting that the binding site recognizing A-LP may not be the scavenger receptor.	Carbohydrates	51-64	C-C motif chemokine ligand 27	Homo sapiens	206-210
9876838-5	1998	The delta cya and delta cya delta crp derivatives had slower growth rates, smaller colonies, and impaired fermentation of carbohydrates compared with their wild parents, and they did not revert.	Carbohydrates	122-135	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	34-37
7683014-12	1993	We propose the following sequence of sugar addition to the carbohydrate side-chains of gastric glycoproteins: (1) GaNAc (Golgi apparatus cis-side), (2) GlcNAc (Golgi apparatus intermediate face), (3) GalNac or Gal, alpha-L-fucose (Golgi apparatus trans-side).	Carbohydrates	59-71	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	160-213
6441597-0	1984	Functional properties of carbohydrate-depleted tissue plasminogen activator.	Carbohydrates	25-37	chromosome 20 open reading frame 181	Homo sapiens	47-75
8416944-3	1993	MBP has a cysteine-rich amino-terminal region, a collagen-like region, and a carboxyl-terminal carbohydrate-recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	95-107	myelin basic protein	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
8416944-4	1993	We prepared carbohydrate-recognition domains lacking the other two domains either by deletion mutagenesis (delta MBP, 16 kDa) or by collagenase digestion of whole rMBP (cdMBP, 16-18 kDa).	Carbohydrates	12-24	myelin basic protein	Rattus norvegicus	113-116
9751510-8	1998	Study of the carbohydrate content of hTPO showed that N-glycans with complex-type structure were found only on hTPO at the cell surface, whereas intracellular hTPO bore high-mannose-type structures.	Carbohydrates	13-25	thyroid peroxidase	Homo sapiens	37-41
6441597-1	1984	In order to evaluate the importance of the carbohydrate moiety of human tissue plasminogen activator (TPA), human melanoma (Bowes) cells were treated with a glycosylation inhibitor, tunicamycin (TM), and cellular fractions were assayed for fibrinolytic activity.	Carbohydrates	43-55	chromosome 20 open reading frame 181	Homo sapiens	72-100
8416944-13	1993	We conclude that carbohydrate-recognition regions of MBP produced by collagenase digestion or by deletion mutagenesis are sufficient for ligand binding.	Carbohydrates	17-29	myelin basic protein	Rattus norvegicus	53-56
1457414-12	1992	The interaction of SP-D with PI is dependent on calcium and inhibited by competing saccharides.	Carbohydrates	83-94	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	19-23
6441597-1	1984	In order to evaluate the importance of the carbohydrate moiety of human tissue plasminogen activator (TPA), human melanoma (Bowes) cells were treated with a glycosylation inhibitor, tunicamycin (TM), and cellular fractions were assayed for fibrinolytic activity.	Carbohydrates	43-55	chromosome 20 open reading frame 181	Homo sapiens	102-105
1282933-3	1992	Binding of gp120 to MAG was inhibited by the HNK-1 antibody, which recognizes a sulfated glucuronic acid epitope, suggesting that the interaction involves carbohydrate determinants.	Carbohydrates	155-167	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	20-23
6481160-1	1984	We have examined a concanavalin A-resistant (Con AR) Chinese hamster ovary cell (CR-7) that has a defect in the synthesis of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides and consequently an altered expression of membrane carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	211-223	teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1 pseudogene 7	Homo sapiens	81-85
1384991-7	1992	The 4H2D epitope was neuraminidase sensitive, indicating that anti-4H2D reacts with a carbohydrate epitope which is present on only a subset of the T cells containing the 190-kDa CD45 isoform epitopes.	Carbohydrates	86-98	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C	Homo sapiens	179-183
9835046-3	1998	On the basis of chemical shift and linewidth data, it has been concluded that (1) the mobility of the carbohydrate chain in IgG2b is comparable to that of the backbone polypeptide chain with the exception of the galactose residue at the nonreducing end of the Man alpha 1-3 branch, which is extremely mobile and (2) agalactosylation does not induce any significant change in the mobility.	Carbohydrates	102-114	immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 2B	Mus musculus	124-129
6090411-1	1984	It has previously been observed that Escherichia coli lon mutations increase the levels of enzymes involved in the synthesis of colanic acid capsular polysaccharide (A. Markovitz, p. 415-462, in I. Sutherland, ed., Surface Carbohydrates of the Prokaryotic Cell, 1977).	Carbohydrates	223-236	putative ATP-dependent Lon protease	Escherichia coli	54-57
9764838-2	1998	Several studies of transformed cells have related epithelial cell movement to changes in the cell surface expression of the carbohydrate structures represented by the ABO blood group antigens and, in particular, by Lewis antigens and their biosynthetic precursors.	Carbohydrates	124-136	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	167-182
33874207-13	1992	The change of activities of SST, 1F -FT and 6G -FT paralleled closely the accumulation of sucrose, 1-kestose, neokestose and other saccharides.	Carbohydrates	131-142	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	28-31
6206400-0	1984	Neural cell adhesion molecules and myelin-associated glycoprotein share a common carbohydrate moiety recognized by monoclonal antibodies L2 and HNK-1.	Carbohydrates	81-93	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	144-149
1451949-6	1992	These data suggest that in vivo acute metabolic actions of insulin-like growth factor II on carbohydrate metabolism occurred through insulin receptors.	Carbohydrates	92-104	insulin-like growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	59-88
9705864-0	1998	A specific antibody to the carbohydrate recognition domain of the asialoglycoprotein receptor RHL1 subunit does not react with RHL2/3 but blocks ligand binding.	Carbohydrates	27-39	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	66-98
1527847-9	1992	Thus, common features of the SIV variants that evolve during progression to AIDS are motifs that potentially allow for structural and functional changes in the env protein as a result of carbohydrate addition.	Carbohydrates	187-199	envelope protein	Simian immunodeficiency virus	160-163
6206400-9	1984	We show here that a carbohydrate moiety recognized by L2 and HNK-1 monoclonal antibodies, is present in mouse N-CAM and L1.	Carbohydrates	20-32	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	61-66
9690546-1	1998	BACKGROUND: Fatty acid synthase (FAS), a biosynthetic enzyme, normally functions in the liver to convert dietary carbohydrate to fat, but it is minimally expressed in most other normal adult tissues.	Carbohydrates	113-125	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	12-31
9690546-1	1998	BACKGROUND: Fatty acid synthase (FAS), a biosynthetic enzyme, normally functions in the liver to convert dietary carbohydrate to fat, but it is minimally expressed in most other normal adult tissues.	Carbohydrates	113-125	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	33-36
6207775-7	1984	Two intracellular forms of alpha 1-MAP were observed in vivo, a 57,000-Da (core carbohydrate sidechains) and a 66,000-Da protein (mature complex carbohydrate side-chains); the latter was the only component secreted into the culture medium.	Carbohydrates	80-92	kininogen 2	Rattus norvegicus	27-38
1432975-5	1992	Incubation of embryos with each of three [14C]carbohydrate energy substrates resulted in the incorporation of label into PAF in culture media, indicating that the composition of embryo culture media is important in the synthesis of PAF precursors.	Carbohydrates	46-58	patchy fur	Mus musculus	121-124
1432975-5	1992	Incubation of embryos with each of three [14C]carbohydrate energy substrates resulted in the incorporation of label into PAF in culture media, indicating that the composition of embryo culture media is important in the synthesis of PAF precursors.	Carbohydrates	46-58	patchy fur	Mus musculus	232-235
9713518-4	1998	The function of these oligosaccharides is still unknown, although the carbohydrate chains of P-glycoprotein were believed to take part in correct protein folding only.	Carbohydrates	70-82	ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	93-107
1520296-3	1992	Transfection of the FucT-VI gene into mammalian cells confers alpha-1,3 fucosyltransferase activity to the cells, resulting in cell surface expression of Lewis x and sialyl-Lewis x carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	181-194	fucosyltransferase 5	Homo sapiens	62-90
6207775-7	1984	Two intracellular forms of alpha 1-MAP were observed in vivo, a 57,000-Da (core carbohydrate sidechains) and a 66,000-Da protein (mature complex carbohydrate side-chains); the latter was the only component secreted into the culture medium.	Carbohydrates	145-157	kininogen 2	Rattus norvegicus	27-38
9881775-1	1998	The carbohydrate-binding site of galectin 1, a vertebrate beta-galactoside-binding lectin, has a pronounced specificity for the betaGal(1--&gt;3)- and betaGal(1--&gt;4)GlcNAc sequences.	Carbohydrates	4-16	galectin 16	Homo sapiens	58-89
6088787-0	1984	A membrane-associated, carbohydrate-modified form of the v-abl protein that cannot be phosphorylated in vivo or in vitro.	Carbohydrates	23-35	ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	57-62
9499380-12	1998	Thus, the overexpression of human alpha-Gal A in CHO cells resulted in different oligosaccharide structures on the secreted and intracellular glycoforms, the highly heterogeneous secreted forms presumably due to the high level expression and impaired glycosylation in the trans- Golgi network, and the predominately Man5-7GlcNAc2 cellular glycoforms resulting from carbohydrate trimming in the lysosome.	Carbohydrates	365-377	galactosidase alpha	Homo sapiens	34-45
1511001-8	1992	Treatment of the purified material with N-glycosidase F resulted in increased mobility of the protein on SDS-PAGE as well as considerable abolition of the PLA2-I binding activity, thus suggesting the requirement of the carbohydrate moiety of the PLA2-I binding protein for receptor-ligand interactions.	Carbohydrates	219-231	phospholipase A2 group IIA	Homo sapiens	246-250
1502186-6	1992	The identification of mutations in glucokinase, a protein that plays an important role in hepatic and beta-cell glucose metabolism, indicates that early-onset non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus may be primarily a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	230-242	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	35-46
9619532-4	1998	Physicochemical characteristics, primarily mass spectral and chromatographic, indicate that the pituitary and urinary forms of LHbeta cf have a different structure, probably in the carbohydrate moieties.	Carbohydrates	181-193	luteinizing hormone subunit beta	Homo sapiens	127-133
6746670-8	1984	The carbohydrate of cathepsin B consisted of a single residue of glucosamine and trace mannose.	Carbohydrates	4-16	cathepsin B	Homo sapiens	20-31
6427217-6	1984	IRBP contains 8.4% by weight of carbohydrate, which consists of sialic acid, neutral hexoses, and glucosamine in the molar ratio of approximately 1:3:2.	Carbohydrates	32-44	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	0-4
9781350-12	1998	Moreover, beta-lactose but not sucrose competed vigorously for 125I-Lf endocytosis by hepatocytes, indicating that Lf binds at or near the carbohydrate-recognition domain of RHL-1.	Carbohydrates	139-151	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	174-179
1369368-1	1992	Glucose oxidase (GOx) and glucoamylase (GA) were immobilized and coimmobilized through their carbohydrate moieties onto polyethyleneimine-coated magnetite crosslinked with glutaraldehyde and derivatized with adipic dihydrazide.	Carbohydrates	93-105	hydroxyacid oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	0-15
1369368-1	1992	Glucose oxidase (GOx) and glucoamylase (GA) were immobilized and coimmobilized through their carbohydrate moieties onto polyethyleneimine-coated magnetite crosslinked with glutaraldehyde and derivatized with adipic dihydrazide.	Carbohydrates	93-105	hydroxyacid oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	17-20
1369368-2	1992	The carbohydrates were oxidized with sodium periodate, and at optimal concentration, their Vm increased up to 18% for GOx and up to 16% for GA. After immobilization, a remaining activity as high as 88% and 70% for GA with maltose and maltodextrin respectively as substrates was obtained, independently of the particle loading.	Carbohydrates	4-17	hydroxyacid oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	118-121
6368551-0	1984	Carbohydrate structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mnn9 mannoprotein.	Carbohydrates	0-12	mannosyltransferase complex subunit MNN9	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	51-55
1311731-3	1992	Further, for isolated HLA-DR expressed on murine cells, we show that sperm receptor activity requires the presence of sulfated carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	127-140	zona pellucida glycoprotein 3	Mus musculus	69-83
9774534-8	1998	These results represent direct evidence that the headgroups of SP-A (comprising carbohydrate recognition domains), and not the stem (comprising the amino-terminus and collagen-like region), interact with lipid bilayers.	Carbohydrates	80-92	pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A	Bos taurus	63-67
6319581-4	1984	The high carbohydrate content of gp340 appears to confer resistance to proteolysis; thus, V8 protease was only effective at concentrations above 1 mg/ml when three large fragments of mol.	Carbohydrates	9-21	deleted in malignant brain tumors 1	Homo sapiens	33-38
9438869-10	1997	F2 in mzTBN-F1 forms novel hydrogen bonds to the carbohydrate chain of thrombin and perhaps stabilizes a unique, rigid conformation of the gamma-autolysis loop through non-local effects.	Carbohydrates	49-61	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Bos taurus	71-79
1312333-9	1992	The carbohydrate moiety of cathepsin B exerts no significant influence on the stability and the enzymatic activity of the enzyme.	Carbohydrates	4-16	cathepsin B	Homo sapiens	27-38
6206805-2	1984	All sections when incubated with the appropriate lectin showed the presence of the following carbohydrate residues: L-fucose, beta-(1-4)-D-GlcNAc)2 (N-acetylglucosamine), acetylneuraminic acid, Gal-beta-(1-3)-GalNAc (N-acetyl-galactosamine), beta-D-galactose, alpha-D-glucose, and alpha-D-mannose.	Carbohydrates	93-105	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	126-135
1536894-5	1992	Gamete adhesion in mice is carbohydrate-mediated, since sperm recognize and bind to certain mZP3 serine/threonine- (O-) linked oligosaccharides.	Carbohydrates	27-39	zona pellucida glycoprotein 3	Mus musculus	92-96
9362282-0	1997	Carbohydrate utilization in rat soleus muscle is influenced by carbonic anhydrase III activity.	Carbohydrates	0-12	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	63-85
9204884-8	1997	In addition, molar excess of beta-lactose but not sucrose competitively blocked the binding of 125I-Lf to cells, indicating that Lf bound at or very near the carbohydrate-recognition domain of RHL-1.	Carbohydrates	158-170	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	193-198
9204884-9	1997	We conclude that RHL-1 is the Ca2+-dependent Lf receptor on hepatocytes and that it binds Lf at its carbohydrate-recognition domain yet in a galactose-independent manner.	Carbohydrates	100-112	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-22
6378262-7	1984	Elevations of pregnancy-specific beta 1 glycoprotein were observed in patients with mild carbohydrate intolerance (A) as well as Bno-Rx, but were comparable to normal in those B-patients receiving insulin therapy.	Carbohydrates	89-101	pregnancy specific beta-1-glycoprotein 10, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	14-52
9182733-2	1997	The crystal structures of the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) from serum mannose-binding protein (MBP) and of a complex between the CRD from liver MBP and the methyl glycoside of N-acetylglucosamine were used to model the binding site in CHL.	Carbohydrates	30-42	mannose binding lectin 2	Gallus gallus	79-102
9182733-2	1997	The crystal structures of the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) from serum mannose-binding protein (MBP) and of a complex between the CRD from liver MBP and the methyl glycoside of N-acetylglucosamine were used to model the binding site in CHL.	Carbohydrates	30-42	mannose binding lectin 2	Gallus gallus	104-107
1537327-3	1992	The DNA sequence predicts a 44 kDa protein with a single membrane-spanning region; Sec20p has an apparent molecular weight of 50 kDa and behaves as an integral membrane protein with carbohydrate modifications that appear to be O-linked.	Carbohydrates	182-194	Sec20p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	83-89
1531639-0	1992	Glycosylation of CD45: carbohydrate processing through Golgi apparatus is required for cell surface expression and protein stability.	Carbohydrates	23-35	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C	Homo sapiens	17-21
6100311-4	1984	In the sheep, physiological degree of reduction of CSF [Na] produced by IVT infusion of various hypertonic or isotonic saccharide solutions has a powerful stimulating effect on salt appetite of both Na replete and Na deficient animals.	Carbohydrates	119-129	granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor	Ovis aries	51-54
9201717-4	1997	GPP130 appears to be the human counterpart of rat Golgi integral membrane protein, cis (GIMPc), a previously identified early Golgi antigen that acquires late Golgi carbohydrate modifications.	Carbohydrates	165-177	golgi integral membrane protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	50-86
9201717-4	1997	GPP130 appears to be the human counterpart of rat Golgi integral membrane protein, cis (GIMPc), a previously identified early Golgi antigen that acquires late Golgi carbohydrate modifications.	Carbohydrates	165-177	golgi integral membrane protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	88-93
6381970-12	1984	The findings suggest that there is a possibility of participation of the Ca2+-calmodulin system in carbohydrate metabolic disorders during endotoxemia and that the changes in intracellular Ca2+ may result in various metabolic disorders.	Carbohydrates	99-111	calmodulin 2	Mus musculus	78-88
9180155-6	1997	Further insight into the structure and function of the CA125 antigen will come from cloning the gene coding for the peptide backbone, and from more detailed carbohydrate structural analysis.	Carbohydrates	157-169	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	55-60
9194614-11	1997	This rPhl p 1 is hyperglycosylated compared to the nPhl p 1, which only has a 5% carbohydrate content.	Carbohydrates	81-93	crystallin gamma F, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	10-13
12106326-1	1992	Based on the observation that in adult mice the carbohydrate epitope L2/HNK-1 is detectable on Schwann cells in ventral spinal roots, but only scarcely in dorsal roots (Martini et al., Dev.	Carbohydrates	48-60	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	72-77
1384855-7	1992	Tyrosinase activity gradually decreased to 25% of the control value during a 19-day treatment with HTS, and expression of two carbohydrate-dependent tyrosinase epitopes, 5C12 and 2B7, was abolished.	Carbohydrates	126-138	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	149-159
1822241-2	1991	The extent of the functional carbohydrate-recognition domains in two rat C-type lectins, mannose-binding protein A and the major subunit of the asialoglycoprotein receptor (rat hepatic lectin 1), has been defined by expressing truncated fragments of the proteins in an in vitro transcription and translation system.	Carbohydrates	29-41	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	177-193
6417110-1	1983	Mutations in carbohydrate-negative mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 individually deficient in glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (zwf), 6-phosphogluconate dehydratase (edd), or pyruvate carboxylase (pyc) were mapped on the chromosome by plasmid R68.45-mediated conjugation and by bacteriophage F116L-mediated transduction.	Carbohydrates	13-25	pyruvate carboxylase	Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1	182-202
1368749-6	1991	The enzyme showed a strict substrate specificity to the sugar chains in complex carbohydrates, hydrolyzing only the linkage of GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal, but not hydrolyzing the other linkages such as GalNAc beta 1-3Gal and GlcNAc beta 1-2Man.	Carbohydrates	80-93	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	134-140
1368749-6	1991	The enzyme showed a strict substrate specificity to the sugar chains in complex carbohydrates, hydrolyzing only the linkage of GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal, but not hydrolyzing the other linkages such as GalNAc beta 1-3Gal and GlcNAc beta 1-2Man.	Carbohydrates	80-93	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	134-142
1368749-6	1991	The enzyme showed a strict substrate specificity to the sugar chains in complex carbohydrates, hydrolyzing only the linkage of GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal, but not hydrolyzing the other linkages such as GalNAc beta 1-3Gal and GlcNAc beta 1-2Man.	Carbohydrates	80-93	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	201-207
9194614-11	1997	This rPhl p 1 is hyperglycosylated compared to the nPhl p 1, which only has a 5% carbohydrate content.	Carbohydrates	81-93	crystallin gamma F, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	56-59
6415085-6	1983	Therefore, the residual microheterogeneity of TBG after removal of carbohydrates can be attributed to variation in amino acid composition.	Carbohydrates	67-80	serpin family A member 7	Homo sapiens	46-49
9090460-2	1997	Two Crotalidae inhibitors, having a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) in their sequences, inhibited specifically the group-II acidic PLA2s of their own snake venom.	Carbohydrates	36-48	phospholipase A2 group IIA	Homo sapiens	137-142
1898081-0	1991	Human surfactant protein D: SP-D contains a C-type lectin carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	58-70	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	6-26
1898081-0	1991	Human surfactant protein D: SP-D contains a C-type lectin carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	58-70	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	28-32
6627099-3	1983	The polypeptide molecular weight of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) (45000) was obtained by deducting the weight of carbohydrate moiety (25%, w/w) from the total molecular weight of 60000.	Carbohydrates	128-140	lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	36-72
2043765-3	1991	EPO expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells exhibits biologic properties and amino acid and carbohydrate composition similar to natural urinary EPO.	Carbohydrates	93-105	erythropoietin	Cricetulus griseus	0-3
2049078-17	1991	On the basis of the protein and carbohydrate contents of the major mucin CTM-A, the mucin monomer was calculated to have an Mr of approx.	Carbohydrates	32-44	mucin	Canis lupus familiaris	84-89
9039510-16	1997	The Ox-induced TBG decrease might be linked to altered pancreatic functions regulating carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	87-99	serpin family A member 7	Homo sapiens	15-18
9003039-0	1997	L1/HNK-1 carbohydrate- and beta 1 integrin-dependent neural cell adhesion to laminin-1.	Carbohydrates	9-21	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	3-8
6627099-3	1983	The polypeptide molecular weight of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) (45000) was obtained by deducting the weight of carbohydrate moiety (25%, w/w) from the total molecular weight of 60000.	Carbohydrates	128-140	lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	74-78
9003039-1	1997	We have shown recently that mouse small cerebellar neurons adhere to a short amino acid sequence of the G2 domain of the laminin alpha 1 chain via the cell surface-expressed HNK-1 carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	180-192	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	174-179
9003039-2	1997	Therefore, we were interested in identifying glycoproteins carrying the HNK-1 carbohydrate at the cell surface of these neurons.	Carbohydrates	78-90	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	72-77
6867011-0	1983	Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) release by actively transported, structurally similar carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	91-104	GIP	Canis lupus familiaris	32-35
9003039-8	1997	The binding could be partially inhibited by Fab fragments of monoclonal antibodies against the HNK-1 carbohydrate and against the Ig-like domains of L1.	Carbohydrates	101-113	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	95-100
9003039-10	1997	Determination of the association of L1, beta 1 integrin, and the HNK-1 carbohydrate on the cell surface of live cerebellar neurons by antibody-induced patching and copatching revealed HNK-1 to be linked to L1, but less so to beta 1 integrin.	Carbohydrates	71-83	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	65-70
9003039-10	1997	Determination of the association of L1, beta 1 integrin, and the HNK-1 carbohydrate on the cell surface of live cerebellar neurons by antibody-induced patching and copatching revealed HNK-1 to be linked to L1, but less so to beta 1 integrin.	Carbohydrates	71-83	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	184-189
1794039-3	1991	Since the carbohydrate moiety of AGP has been found to be changed during acute phase and the oligosaccharide structure to be important for immunomodulating activity of the protein, the rat AGP in transgenic mice was characterized by lectin-affinity immuno-electrophoresis.	Carbohydrates	10-22	orosomucoid 1	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
1848851-0	1991	Recombinant carbohydrate variant of human choriogonadotropin beta-subunit (hCG beta) descarboxyl terminus (115-145).	Carbohydrates	12-24	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 3	Homo sapiens	75-83
6870899-0	1983	Dietary carbohydrate decreases 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity and cholesterol synthesis in rat liver.	Carbohydrates	8-20	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase	Rattus norvegicus	31-78
9020375-1	1997	The Charcot-Leyden crystal (CLC) protein with lysophospholipase activity and carbohydrate-binding properties is a characteristic constituent of eosinophils and basophils.	Carbohydrates	77-89	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	28-31
6870899-1	1983	Diets high in carbohydrate and low in fat led to a decrease in the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase in livers of healthy, reverse light-cycled rats.	Carbohydrates	14-26	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase	Rattus norvegicus	79-126
6554117-0	1983	The carbohydrate moiety of human urinary kallikrein.	Carbohydrates	4-16	kallikrein related peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-51
9002191-4	1996	For this group of oligosaccharides, ranging in size from tri- to undeca-saccharides and possessing linear, di- and tri-antennary forms, it was also observed that sulfate esters could be located on the same or on different branches and that branched oligosaccharides can possess sulfate esters on C-3 and C-6 of different terminal galactose residues within the same structure.	Carbohydrates	23-34	complement C3	Homo sapiens	296-299
1993651-6	1991	The noncollagenous COOH domain of conglutinin, on the other hand, contains a carbohydrate recognition domain which shares substantial sequence homology with C-type animal lectins.	Carbohydrates	77-89	conglutinin	Bos taurus	34-45
2093139-4	1990	Plasma ES-1 activity, but not butyrylcholinesterase activity, was increased after isocaloric replacement of carbohydrates by coconut fat.	Carbohydrates	108-121	kallikrein 1-related peptidase C2	Rattus norvegicus	7-11
7113101-0	1982	[Niacin deficiency and correlation between oxidative reactions of the pentose phosphate pathway of carbohydrate metabolism and transketolase activity].	Carbohydrates	99-111	transketolase	Rattus norvegicus	127-140
1974266-3	1990	In the invasive component there was a correlation between MC2 expression and tumour type, suggesting that the cell surface carbohydrate detected by MC2 may have a role in cell adhesion.	Carbohydrates	123-135	melanocortin 5 receptor	Homo sapiens	58-61
1974266-3	1990	In the invasive component there was a correlation between MC2 expression and tumour type, suggesting that the cell surface carbohydrate detected by MC2 may have a role in cell adhesion.	Carbohydrates	123-135	melanocortin 5 receptor	Homo sapiens	148-151
6214392-1	1982	Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was significantly lower in adipose tissue of human subjects after 7 days of severe caloric restriction on low-carbohydrate diets and had returned to normal values 4 days after the subjects resumed normal diets.	Carbohydrates	153-165	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-33
1698221-1	1990	The histo-blood group ABO carbohydrate antigens are differentially expressed in epithelia in close correlation with cellular differentiation.	Carbohydrates	26-38	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	22-25
7308211-0	1981	On the role of the carbohydrate side chains of human plasminogen in its interaction with alpha 2-antiplasmin and fibrin.	Carbohydrates	19-31	serpin family F member 2	Homo sapiens	89-108
2369116-6	1990	The finding that sugar masks the sensory assessment of fats in some solid foods may help explain why so many sweet, high-fat desserts are commonly viewed as carbohydrate-rich foods.	Carbohydrates	157-169	chromosome 10 open reading frame 90	Homo sapiens	55-59
2388948-2	1990	Infusion with pGlu-CCK-8 markedly decreased total daily energy intake mainly due to a suppressed carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	97-109	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	19-22
2388948-4	1990	These results suggest that the process of infusion into the VMH elicited itself a suppressive effect on protein intake, but that pGlu-CCK-8 infusion elicited a more specific suppressive effect on carbohydrate intake and, to a lesser extent, on lipid intake.	Carbohydrates	196-208	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	134-137
7299124-1	1981	A mouse myeloma cell line, 45.6.3, produces an IgG2b immunoglobulin (Ig) with 2 carbohydrate attachment sites on the heavy chains.	Carbohydrates	80-92	immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 2B	Mus musculus	47-52
2334440-0	1990	Structural evidence for two isozymic forms and the carbohydrate attachment site of human gastric cathepsin E.	Carbohydrates	51-63	cathepsin E	Homo sapiens	97-108
2334440-5	1990	In addition, the site of carbohydrate attachment was elucidated by isolation and analysis of a glycopeptide fraction from an enzymatic digest of cathepsin E.	Carbohydrates	25-37	cathepsin E	Homo sapiens	145-156
7299351-2	1981	CRP shows binding reactivity with pneumococcal C-polysaccharide, the cell wall carbohydrate of Streptococcus pneumoniae.	Carbohydrates	79-91	C-reactive protein, pentraxin-related	Mus musculus	0-3
7240257-3	1981	These studies demonstrated that p-25 and gp-30 have identical protein structure, differing only by the presence of carbohydrate in gp-30.	Carbohydrates	115-127	tubulin polymerization promoting protein	Homo sapiens	32-36
2318210-12	1990	The constituent monosaccharides of the carbohydrate structures of rCD4 were found to be fucose, mannose, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylneuraminic acid.	Carbohydrates	39-51	Cd4 molecule	Rattus norvegicus	66-70
7240257-4	1981	Removal of this carbohydrate by treatment with anhydrous hydrofluoric acid converted gp-30 into p-25.	Carbohydrates	16-28	tubulin polymerization promoting protein	Homo sapiens	96-100
1698403-0	1990	Expression and biosynthesis of ABH-related carbohydrate antigens in normal and pathologic human urothelium.	Carbohydrates	43-55	alkB homolog 1, histone H2A dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	31-34
2136357-1	1990	The urinary glycoprotein uromodulin (Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein) exhibits a pregnancy-associated ability to inhibit antigen-specific T cell proliferation, and the activity is associated with a carbohydrate moiety [Muchmore and Decker (1985) Science 229:479-81; Hession et al., (1987) Science 237:1479-84; Muchmore, Shifrin and Decker (1987) J Immunol 138:2547-53].	Carbohydrates	193-205	uromodulin	Homo sapiens	25-35
6114914-0	1981	Antidiabetic action of somatostatin after oral glucose loading: due to suppression of glucagon and growth hormone or of intestinal carbohydrate absorption?	Carbohydrates	131-143	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	23-35
1690814-1	1990	The myelin-associated glycoprotein MAG is a neural cell adhesion molecule which belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and the carbohydrate based L2/HNK-1 family of adhesion molecules.	Carbohydrates	130-142	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	4-34
7251667-1	1981	The problem of determining small but significant amounts of carbohydrates, in purified proteins, has been studied using the membrane protein, cytochrome b5.	Carbohydrates	60-73	cytochrome b5 type A	Rattus norvegicus	142-155
7011415-5	1981	The carbohydrate moiety in the ovomucoid was isolated after its extensive pronase and endo-beta-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase H digestions.	Carbohydrates	4-16	serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 7 (putative)	Gallus gallus	31-40
33761355-7	2021	Furthermore, the re-expression of PINK1 fully rescued defects in carbohydrate metabolism and systemic growth induced by the tissue-specific pten mutations.	Carbohydrates	65-77	PTEN induced kinase 1	Homo sapiens	34-39
7011415-5	1981	The carbohydrate moiety in the ovomucoid was isolated after its extensive pronase and endo-beta-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase H digestions.	Carbohydrates	4-16	endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase	Gallus gallus	86-120
34717942-7	2022	The chemicals like carbohydrates, minerals, proteins, and other compounds have been isolated from various crop residues.	Carbohydrates	19-32	LUC7 like 3 pre-mRNA splicing factor	Homo sapiens	106-110
7011415-6	1981	On the net CD spectra of polypeptide chain in the ovomucoid and domain preparations, which were obtained by subtracting the spectrum of the carbohydrate moiety from their spectra, the fractions of secondary structure were calculated by the method of Chang et al.	Carbohydrates	140-152	serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 7 (putative)	Gallus gallus	50-59
7407085-8	1980	The relationship of the proposed thiol ester to the ability of nascent C3b to acylate cell surface components and carbohydrate polymers is discussed within the context of a transesterification reaction.	Carbohydrates	114-126	complement C3	Homo sapiens	71-74
34798127-10	2022	A higher proportion of protein and a lower proportion of carbohydrates was observed in Def-mixed than in Def-EI (p = 0.078; ES: -0.42 (-0.90; 0.04) and p = 0.067; ES: 0.44 (-0.03; 0.92) respectively).	Carbohydrates	57-70	UTP25 small subunit processome component	Homo sapiens	87-90
6968398-3	1980	The method of determination of syn-anti-equilibrium constants by experimental measuring of spin-lattice relaxation rates of the H (1") atom of the carbohydrate ring recently elaborated by us for the ribonucleosides and nucleotides was applied to deoxy compounds.	Carbohydrates	147-159	synemin	Homo sapiens	31-34
34519087-0	2022	GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment of high-carbohydrate intake-induced metabolic syndrome provides pleiotropic effects on cardiac dysfunction through alleviations in electrical and intracellular Ca2+ abnormalities and mitochondrial dysfunction.	Carbohydrates	41-53	glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	0-14
6766757-1	1980	Human blood groups (ABO) are known to be determined by the terminal glycosyl residues attached to common carbohydrate chains of the red cell surface.	Carbohydrates	105-117	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	20-23
34610502-6	2021	Recently a novel antigen-specific immunotherapy neutralizing the anti-MAG antibodies with a carbohydrate-based ligand mimicking the natural HNK-1 glycoepitope has been described.	Carbohydrates	92-104	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	70-73
34956106-11	2021	Taken together, our analysis provides an insight into the CAZyme landscape in health and disease and has demonstrated the diversity in carbohydrate metabolism in host-microbiota which can be a sound basis for optimizing the selection of pre, pro, and syn-biotic candidate products.	Carbohydrates	135-147	synemin	Homo sapiens	251-254
7458421-5	1980	PP15 is a glycoprotein and contains 3.3% carbohydrates (hexoses 2.8%, hexosamines 0.3%, sialic acid 0.2%).	Carbohydrates	41-54	nuclear transport factor 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
34946118-0	2021	High Vaccenic Acid Content in Beef Fat Attenuates High Fat and High Carbohydrate Western Diet Induced Changes in Lipid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota in Pigs.	Carbohydrates	68-80	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Bos taurus	35-38
229048-6	1979	The GH receptor may consist of more than one molecular species, differing only in the carbohydrate type or content.	Carbohydrates	86-98	growth hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	4-15
34553411-0	2021	Cytotoxic effect of carbohydrate derivatives of digitoxigenin involves modulation of plasma membrane Ca2+ -ATPase.	Carbohydrates	20-32	ATPase plasma membrane Ca2+ transporting 2	Homo sapiens	85-113
34846578-2	2022	Gal-4 possesses two tandem repeat carbohydrate recognition domains and acts as a cross-linking bridge in sulfatide-dependent glycoprotein routing.	Carbohydrates	34-46	galectin 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
34846578-4	2022	Primary human OA chondrocytes in vitro respond to carbohydrate-inhibitable Gal-4 binding with the upregulation of pro-degradative/-inflammatory proteins such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), as documented by RT-qPCR-based mRNA profiling and transcriptome data processing.	Carbohydrates	50-62	galectin 4	Homo sapiens	75-80
34899644-6	2021	The major hydrocarbon family genes and Carbohydrate Active Enzyme pathways were predicted to be highest in DJ04 with elevated concentrations of HCO3 and TOC.	Carbohydrates	39-51	rhomboid 5 homolog 2	Homo sapiens	153-156
447725-0	1979	The carbohydrate of bovine prothrombin.	Carbohydrates	4-16	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Bos taurus	27-38
286865-4	1979	Long term nocturnal intragastric therapy of a high carbohydrate and moderate amino acid content resulted in a similar fall in these parameters as well as a fall in the elevated plasma glutamate, uric acid, triglycerides, and RBC-reduced glutathione.	Carbohydrates	51-63	RNA, 7SL, cytoplasmic 263, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	225-228
8944718-6	1996	These studies establish that the propensity of hSP-D to form multimers of dodecamers is determined by its primary structure and demonstrate carbohydrate recognition domain valency-dependent interactions of SP-D with IAV.	Carbohydrates	140-152	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	47-52
8944718-6	1996	These studies establish that the propensity of hSP-D to form multimers of dodecamers is determined by its primary structure and demonstrate carbohydrate recognition domain valency-dependent interactions of SP-D with IAV.	Carbohydrates	140-152	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	48-52
9007276-5	1996	By molecular modeling of this tetrasaccharide in the known binding site of LT, the saccharide-peptide interaction was shown to be limited to the terminal disaccharide (N-acetyllactosamine).	Carbohydrates	35-45	Leucine transport, high	Homo sapiens	75-77
392766-10	1979	The principal sugar of human milk is lactose but 30 or more oligosaccharides, all containing terminal Gal-(beta 1,4)-Glc and ranging from 3--14 saccharide units per molecule are also present.	Carbohydrates	65-75	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	102-143
8918587-1	1996	Human lung surfactant proteins A (SP-A) and D (SP-D) are both collagenous C-type lectins which appear to mediate antimicrobial activity by binding to carbohydrates on micro-organisms and to receptors on phagocytic cells.	Carbohydrates	150-163	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	47-51
8918587-2	1996	Purified native SP-A and SP-D, isolated from human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, were found to bind to whole mite extracts (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) and the purified allergen Der p I, in a carbohydrate-specific and calcium-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	196-208	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	25-29
439779-0	1979	Influence of somatostatin on carbohydrate absorption in human small intestine.	Carbohydrates	29-41	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	13-25
8947526-2	1996	The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of this carbohydrate alteration and its relationship to K-ras activation in pancreatic cancer.	Carbohydrates	66-78	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	114-119
8809039-7	1996	The results confirm the importance of the neck region as a trimerizing agent in bringing together three CRDs and suggest that multivalency is important in the strong binding of SP-D to carbohydrate targets.	Carbohydrates	185-197	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	177-181
31180-6	1978	Carbohydrate analysis data are presented for canine prostatic acid phosphatase and it is further noted that both isoenzymes of rat liver acid phosphatase are also glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	0-12	acid phosphatase 3	Homo sapiens	52-78
8751898-4	1996	Since vitronectin contains a carbohydrate-binding region, we postulated that vitronectin binds fungal beta-glucans and subsequently augments macrophage TNF-alpha release in response to this fungal component.	Carbohydrates	29-41	vitronectin	Homo sapiens	6-17
8751898-4	1996	Since vitronectin contains a carbohydrate-binding region, we postulated that vitronectin binds fungal beta-glucans and subsequently augments macrophage TNF-alpha release in response to this fungal component.	Carbohydrates	29-41	vitronectin	Homo sapiens	77-88
99447-2	1978	The carbohydrate composition of TBG (14.6% by weight) consists of mannose, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, and N-acetylneuraminic acid in the molar ratios of 11:9:16:10 per mol of glycoprotein.	Carbohydrates	4-16	serpin family A member 7	Homo sapiens	32-35
82453-18	1978	AFP is a glycoprotein containing 7 per cent carbohydrate including 1.67 per cent hexoses, 2.38 per cent N-acetyl glucosamine and 1.8 per cent N-acetyl neuraminic acid.	Carbohydrates	44-56	alpha fetoprotein	Bos taurus	0-3
8872106-5	1996	The unique format seems to identify novel isoforms of CA125 with different carbohydrate side chains that would otherwise be undetectable in the MAb-MAb sandwich assay wherein the paratopes are likely directed to protein determinants.	Carbohydrates	75-87	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	54-59
150798-4	1978	Three conditions were found in which BAT PEPCK activity was stimulated: 1) fasting, 2) feeding a high-fat/low-carbohydrate diet, and 3) during the neonatal period.	Carbohydrates	110-122	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	41-46
8654365-3	1996	Structural comparison with the carbohydrate-recognition domains of rat mannose-binding protein and E-selectin indicates that the C-terminal domain of HLIT shares a common architecture with the C-type lectins.	Carbohydrates	31-43	selectin E	Rattus norvegicus	99-109
78727-5	1978	In addition, bovine alpha1-fetoprotein was shown to exist as two distinct variants on the basis of carbohydrate heterogeneity.	Carbohydrates	99-111	alpha fetoprotein	Bos taurus	20-38
8687384-4	1996	Further we show that Bowes t-PA expresses glucuronic acid/sulphate containing N-linked glycans and is recognized by anti-carbohydrate L2/HNK-1 monoclonal antibodies.	Carbohydrates	121-133	chromosome 20 open reading frame 181	Homo sapiens	27-31
656465-8	1978	The sugar analysis showed that the AM2 glycoprotein consists of 17.3 per cent of carbohydrate, with as major carbohydrate component glucosamine.	Carbohydrates	81-93	adrenomedullin 2	Mus musculus	35-38
8975676-1	1996	Nucleoside diphosphate (NDP) kinase from bovine retina was found to contain carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	76-89	cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 1	Bos taurus	0-35
656465-8	1978	The sugar analysis showed that the AM2 glycoprotein consists of 17.3 per cent of carbohydrate, with as major carbohydrate component glucosamine.	Carbohydrates	109-121	adrenomedullin 2	Mus musculus	35-38
632272-5	1978	Carbohydrate determinations with the thiobarbituric acid procedure revealed that Hb A1a1, Hb A1a2, and Hb A1b as well as Hb A1c were glycosylated.	Carbohydrates	0-12	alpha-1-B glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	106-109
318336-9	1978	The carbohydrate compositions were slightly higher in hexose and lower in hexosamine than chicken ovalbumin.	Carbohydrates	4-16	ovalbumin (SERPINB14)	Gallus gallus	98-107
8673490-1	1996	The IgM monoclonal autoantibodies of patients with demyelinating paraproteinaemic polyneuropathy recognize a carbohydrate structure present on both myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and protein zero (P0).	Carbohydrates	109-121	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	148-178
8673490-1	1996	The IgM monoclonal autoantibodies of patients with demyelinating paraproteinaemic polyneuropathy recognize a carbohydrate structure present on both myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and protein zero (P0).	Carbohydrates	109-121	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	180-183
22517-7	1978	Since virions derived in vivo and polyhedrin are serologically cross-reactive, this protein-carbohydrate interaction may play a role in host infectivity by providing a receptor site for virus attachment to target cells.	Carbohydrates	92-104	polyhedrin	Lymantria dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus	34-44
8695602-0	1996	Fermentable carbohydrate modulates postprandial enteroglucagon and gastrin release in rats.	Carbohydrates	12-24	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	67-74
8695602-5	1996	These results suggest that poorly absorbed fermentable dietary carbohydrate stimulates postprandial plasma enteroglucagon and inhibits serum gastrin release in the rat.	Carbohydrates	63-75	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	141-148
68892-4	1977	The amino acid and carbohydrate sequences in hCG-alpha and hCG-beta are described.	Carbohydrates	19-31	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 3	Homo sapiens	59-67
11667093-2	1996	On the other hand, the selective removal of acetyl protecting groups from the saccharide portion of glycopeptides is accomplished by alternative enzymatic hydrolysis with lipase WG from wheat germ to furnish model substrates for enzymatic glycosyl transfer reactions in order to extend the carbohydrate side chain of these conjugates.	Carbohydrates	78-88	probable feruloyl esterase A	Triticum aestivum	171-177
11667093-2	1996	On the other hand, the selective removal of acetyl protecting groups from the saccharide portion of glycopeptides is accomplished by alternative enzymatic hydrolysis with lipase WG from wheat germ to furnish model substrates for enzymatic glycosyl transfer reactions in order to extend the carbohydrate side chain of these conjugates.	Carbohydrates	290-302	probable feruloyl esterase A	Triticum aestivum	171-177
18647-7	1977	From the data presented, the magnitude of the controlling effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on fatty acid synthetase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity is determined and its relevance to lipogenesis in man based on daily intake of carbohydrate and linoleic acid is discussed.	Carbohydrates	237-249	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	125-148
8602875-3	1996	Activated C3b primarily forms ester bonds with hydroxyl groups of carbohydrates on complement activating surfaces, but it has also been shown to react with the hydroxyl group of tyrosine and with specific Ser and Thr residues on IgG and on complement protein C4b.	Carbohydrates	66-79	complement C3	Homo sapiens	10-13
8640770-1	1996	ABL 364 is a murine monoclonal IgG3 antibody directed against the Lewis Y carbohydrate antigen (Le(y)) expressed on the surface of many epithelial cell tumors.	Carbohydrates	74-86	ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-3
851416-6	1977	This region of the protein also contains the receptors for concanavalin and the lectins from Phaseolus vulgaris and Ricinis communis, and our results suggest that there is heterogeneity in the carbohydrate chains present in the C-terminal region of polypeptide 3.	Carbohydrates	193-205	ribosomal protein S6 kinase B3	Homo sapiens	249-262
8630264-11	1996	Our results strongly suggest that mAb RTE11 detects a carbohydrate antigen that is a sensitive and specific marker for rat tracheobronchial secretory mucin.	Carbohydrates	54-66	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	150-155
34956530-1	2021	BACKGROUND: To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of crizotinib and alectinib in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment and the predictive value of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) for treatment efficacy.	Carbohydrates	247-259	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	273-278
956663-6	1976	This C3a molecule is devoid of threonine, tryptophan, and carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	58-71	complement C3	Homo sapiens	5-8
34324968-0	2021	Novel carbohydrate-based sulfonamide derivatives as selective carbonic anhydrase II inhibitors: Synthesis, biological and molecular docking analysis.	Carbohydrates	6-18	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	62-83
8907186-9	1996	These results indicate that the dimerization of CE is not necessarily required for proper folding to express activity, correct intracellular localization and carbohydrate modification, but that it may be essential to structurally stabilize the molecule in vivo.	Carbohydrates	158-170	cathepsin E	Homo sapiens	48-50
947128-7	1976	It is concluded that the hormonal adaptations to the increasing carbohydrate deficit in late pregnancy, especially among multiparous ewes, include: a) reduced post-absorptive plasma insulin levels, b) reduced insulin responses to feeding, and c) increased levels of growth hormone in the plasma.	Carbohydrates	64-76	LOC105613195	Ovis aries	182-189
8550794-5	1996	In analyses adjusted for or stratified by WHR, the DHEAS association with abnormal carbohydrate tolerance was reduced but still independent of fat distribution.	Carbohydrates	83-95	sulfotransferase family 2A member 1	Homo sapiens	51-56
34777352-1	2021	Ficolin-2 is regarded as an important innate immunity factor endowed with both lectin (carbohydrate recognition) qualities and ability to induce complement activation.	Carbohydrates	87-99	ficolin 2	Homo sapiens	0-9
947128-7	1976	It is concluded that the hormonal adaptations to the increasing carbohydrate deficit in late pregnancy, especially among multiparous ewes, include: a) reduced post-absorptive plasma insulin levels, b) reduced insulin responses to feeding, and c) increased levels of growth hormone in the plasma.	Carbohydrates	64-76	LOC105613195	Ovis aries	209-216
8747464-0	1995	Crystal structure of human Charcot-Leyden crystal protein, an eosinophil lysophospholipase, identifies it as a new member of the carbohydrate-binding family of galectins.	Carbohydrates	129-141	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	27-57
8747464-0	1995	Crystal structure of human Charcot-Leyden crystal protein, an eosinophil lysophospholipase, identifies it as a new member of the carbohydrate-binding family of galectins.	Carbohydrates	129-141	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	62-90
8747464-7	1995	CONCLUSIONS: The CLC protein structure possesses a carbohydrate-recognition domain comprising most, but not all, of the carbohydrate-binding residues that are conserved among the galectins.	Carbohydrates	51-63	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	17-20
8747464-7	1995	CONCLUSIONS: The CLC protein structure possesses a carbohydrate-recognition domain comprising most, but not all, of the carbohydrate-binding residues that are conserved among the galectins.	Carbohydrates	120-132	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	17-20
34428996-9	2021	Due to the need of an assumption of a certain value for microbial efficiency in situ, effective prCP might be more accurately estimated in vitro, accounting for nutrient-specific efficiencies as well as interactions between carbohydrate and protein degradation by rumen microbes.	Carbohydrates	224-236	prolylcarboxypeptidase	Homo sapiens	96-100
947128-7	1976	It is concluded that the hormonal adaptations to the increasing carbohydrate deficit in late pregnancy, especially among multiparous ewes, include: a) reduced post-absorptive plasma insulin levels, b) reduced insulin responses to feeding, and c) increased levels of growth hormone in the plasma.	Carbohydrates	64-76	somatotropin	Ovis aries	266-280
34638326-6	2021	The high-GDF-15 group was characterized as showing low Karnofsky performance status (KPS) (p = 0.037), poor Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG-PS) (p = 0.049), severe appetite loss (p = 0.011), and high serum levels of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (p = 0.019) and C-reactive protein (p = 0.009).	Carbohydrates	244-256	growth differentiation factor 15	Homo sapiens	9-15
947129-11	1976	It is concluded that the adaptation of the maternal metabolism to reduced carbohydrate - and eventually energy-availability in late pregnancy included lowering of insulin and enhancement of plasms GH levels.	Carbohydrates	74-86	LOC105613195	Ovis aries	163-170
34550535-5	2022	However, Cr-Pic was the only form that increased the insulin level, which indicates its beneficial effect on carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	109-121	calbindin 2	Rattus norvegicus	9-11
943183-0	1976	On the significance of the carbohydrate moieties of bovine prothrombin for clotting activity.	Carbohydrates	27-39	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Bos taurus	59-70
943183-2	1976	Upon incubation of the prothrombin for 30 h with a combination of neuraminidase, alpha- and beta-galactosidase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase in 4 mM diisopropylfluorophosphate at pH 5.3 and 30 degrees C, about 70% of the carbohydrates were removed without affecting the coagulation activity.	Carbohydrates	224-237	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Bos taurus	23-34
1084678-6	1976	This may be ascribable to the rich carbohydrate content in the kallikrein.	Carbohydrates	35-47	kallikrein related peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-73
34356103-2	2021	While the family of Nme proteins has been connected so far mostly to development, proliferation, or ciliary functions, several lines of evidence from human and experimental studies point to the potential involvement of one of its members, NME7 (non-metastatic cells 7, nucleoside diphosphate kinase 7) in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	305-317	NME/NM23 family member 7	Homo sapiens	269-300
34298981-2	2021	Three PPAR isotypes, alpha (NRC1C1), beta or delta (NRC1C2) and gamma (NRC1C3), have been identified.&nbsp;After activation through ligand binding, PPARs heterodimerize with the 9-cis-retinoic acid receptor (RXR), another nuclear hormone receptor, to bind to specific PPAR-responsive elements in regulatory regions of target genes mainly involved in organogenesis, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, inflammation and metabolism of lipids or carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	448-461	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	208-211
817987-6	1976	Upon treatment with thrombin, the carbohydrate content of bovine factor VIII decreases without any apparent degradation of the protein moiety of the molecule.	Carbohydrates	34-46	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Bos taurus	20-28
4157148-0	1973	[Myocardial consumption of free fatty acids and carbohydrates following treatment with a new beta-blockader (1-o-methoxyphenoxy-3-isopropylamino-2-propanol HC1) D 1601].	Carbohydrates	48-61	CYCS pseudogene 39	Homo sapiens	156-159
8536711-1	1995	Evidence that multivalency enhances the saccharide binding to L-selectin.	Carbohydrates	40-50	selectin L	Rattus norvegicus	62-72
8536711-2	1995	The recognition of cell-surface L-selectin by its carbohydrate ligands causes lymphocytes to roll on capillary endothelium at sites of inflammation.	Carbohydrates	50-62	selectin L	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
4631316-0	1972	The carbohydrate of bovine prothrombin.	Carbohydrates	4-16	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Bos taurus	27-38
8772226-10	1995	By removing N-linked sugars with N-glycanase, it could be demonstrated that the difference between the two forms of HRG is caused by an extra carbohydrate group at Asn 184 in form 1.	Carbohydrates	142-154	histidine rich glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	116-119
4400417-1	1972	Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and other enzymes related to carbohydrate metabolism were studied in rhizobia.	Carbohydrates	98-110	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-33
7487990-1	1995	We investigated the presence of the carbohydrate ligand for E-selectin on the cell surface of rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN).	Carbohydrates	36-48	selectin E	Rattus norvegicus	60-70
5158908-0	1971	Biosynthesis of the carbohydrate portions of immunoglobulin M.	Carbohydrates	20-32	immunoglobulin heavy constant mu	Mus musculus	45-61
8593120-6	1995	The potential for interactions between dietary factors alone and putative LDL heterogeneity genes is considerable and yet poorly understood, as, for example, the reduced penetrance of the "ATHS" gene caused through variation in dietary fat and carbohydrate (Nishina et al, 1992).	Carbohydrates	244-256	ATHS	Homo sapiens	189-194
5158908-1	1971	Incorporations of radioactive mannose, galactose and fucose into MOPC 104E mouse plasma-cell tumour suspensions suggest a stepwise addition of carbohydrate residues to immunoglobulin M (IgM) during the process of secretion.	Carbohydrates	143-155	immunoglobulin heavy constant mu	Mus musculus	168-184
5158908-1	1971	Incorporations of radioactive mannose, galactose and fucose into MOPC 104E mouse plasma-cell tumour suspensions suggest a stepwise addition of carbohydrate residues to immunoglobulin M (IgM) during the process of secretion.	Carbohydrates	143-155	immunoglobulin heavy constant mu	Mus musculus	186-189
7544645-5	1995	These epitopes are of polypeptidic nature, but they can be masked by addition of carbohydrate during CD45 biosynthesis.	Carbohydrates	81-93	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C	Homo sapiens	101-105
5271759-4	1969	Some differences in amino acid and carbohydrate content of the purified H-2 and HL-A alloantigenic materials were found.	Carbohydrates	35-47	relaxin 2	Homo sapiens	72-75
7589107-3	1995	While homology of CD94 with the NK cell-associated NKR-P1 and NKG2 C-type lectin genes is limited to the structural motifs conserved in the carbohydrate recognition domain, all of these genes are on human chromosome 12, the syntenic of mouse chromosome 6, where genes of the NK complex (NKR-P1 and Ly-49) are located.	Carbohydrates	140-152	killer cell lectin like receptor D1	Homo sapiens	18-22
7543138-11	1995	These results indicate that carbohydrate side chains of CD44 and/or other molecules on the cell surface that interact with CD44 are potentially involved in regulating the HA-binding function of CD44 on the cell surface.	Carbohydrates	28-40	CD44 antigen	Mus musculus	56-60
7543138-11	1995	These results indicate that carbohydrate side chains of CD44 and/or other molecules on the cell surface that interact with CD44 are potentially involved in regulating the HA-binding function of CD44 on the cell surface.	Carbohydrates	28-40	CD44 antigen	Mus musculus	123-127
7543138-11	1995	These results indicate that carbohydrate side chains of CD44 and/or other molecules on the cell surface that interact with CD44 are potentially involved in regulating the HA-binding function of CD44 on the cell surface.	Carbohydrates	28-40	CD44 antigen	Mus musculus	123-127
5696869-14	1968	Studies by other investigators have led to the conclusion that elastomucoproteinases attack protein-carbohydrate complexes occurring in intimate association with elastin in aorta and other tissues, and it is suggested that the glycoprotein may be identified with one of these compounds.	Carbohydrates	100-112	elastin	Homo sapiens	162-169
5894290-2	1965	The release of carbohydrate moieties during the incubation of acid- and alkali-treated elastin with the enzymes of the elastase complex.	Carbohydrates	15-27	elastin	Homo sapiens	87-94
7745007-9	1995	Further studies with hCG, asialo-hCG, asialoagalacto-hCG, and deglycosylated hCG revealed that removal of sialic acid caused a marked increase in both its affinity for hTSHr and its cAMP-releasing potency, whereas removal of further carbohydrate, although it slightly enhanced receptor binding, was detrimental to adenylate cyclase activation.	Carbohydrates	233-245	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	168-173
7545761-6	1995	By contrast, quaking MAG contained less of the adhesion-related, HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope.	Carbohydrates	71-83	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	65-70
13686115-0	1961	C14 studies in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	15-27	anti-Mullerian hormone receptor type 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
7695920-9	1995	These studies establish that SP-D can bind to specific sites on neutrophils and monocytes and strongly suggest that these interactions involve the saccharide binding domains of SP-D.	Carbohydrates	147-157	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	29-33
7695920-9	1995	These studies establish that SP-D can bind to specific sites on neutrophils and monocytes and strongly suggest that these interactions involve the saccharide binding domains of SP-D.	Carbohydrates	147-157	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	177-181
13627154-0	1959	C14 studies in carbohydrate metabolism: glucose pool size and rate of turnover in the normal rat.	Carbohydrates	15-27	anti-Mullerian hormone receptor type 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
7891099-8	1995	The protease inhibitor is a glycoprotein, and its carbohydrate moiety could be removed by endoglycosidase F. Because p62 resembles mammalian alpha 1-antitrypsin in many aspects, it is likely a fish equivalent of alpha 1-antitrypsin.	Carbohydrates	50-62	nucleoporin 62	Homo sapiens	117-120
13283094-0	1956	Oxidation of palmitic acid-1-C14 by tissues of carbohydrate and fat diet-adapted rats.	Carbohydrates	47-59	anti-Mullerian hormone receptor type 2	Rattus norvegicus	29-32
7532677-11	1995	Inhibition that could be reversed by addition of the anti-NKB1 monoclonal antibody was observed, showing the presence of the carbohydrate moiety is not essential for class I recognition by NKB1+ NK cell clones.	Carbohydrates	125-137	killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor, three Ig domains and long cytoplasmic tail 1	Homo sapiens	58-62
33977722-8	2021	Our data revealed that the number of glycan contacts between the Fc and the Fc receptor was increased by the selective core-fucose modifications, showing the importance of unique carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions in achieving high FcgammaRIIIa affinity and ADCC activity of antibodies.	Carbohydrates	179-191	Fc gamma receptor IIIa	Homo sapiens	236-248
7766991-4	1995	The structure of the mouse Mbl genes is similar to that of the rat and human MBP genes and shows homology to the other collectin genes, with the entire carbohydrate recognition domain being encoded in a single exon and all introns being in phase 1.	Carbohydrates	152-164	mannose-binding lectin (protein C) 2	Mus musculus	27-30
33977722-8	2021	Our data revealed that the number of glycan contacts between the Fc and the Fc receptor was increased by the selective core-fucose modifications, showing the importance of unique carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions in achieving high FcgammaRIIIa affinity and ADCC activity of antibodies.	Carbohydrates	192-204	Fc gamma receptor IIIa	Homo sapiens	236-248
33706067-0	2021	Why blood group A individuals are at risk whereas blood group O individuals are protected from SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection: A hypothesis regarding how the virus invades the human body via ABO(H) blood group-determining carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	223-236	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	192-195
33797676-0	2021	Correction to: CLE2 regulates light-dependent carbohydrate metabolism in Arabidopsis shoots.	Carbohydrates	46-58	CLAVATA3/ESR-related 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	15-19
7776966-10	1995	Binding assays demonstrate that these two N-linked FSHR carbohydrates are redundant in function since carbohydrate at either Asn174 or Asn276 allows the receptor to be expressed on the cell surface and to bind FSH with normal affinity.	Carbohydrates	56-68	follicle stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	51-55
7776966-14	1995	Our results demonstrate that while N-linked carbohydrates on the FSH receptor are not required directly for the binding of hormone, a carbohydrate at either Asn174 or Asn276 is required for the efficient folding of the nascent receptor protein into a conformation that allows high affinity binding of hormone.	Carbohydrates	44-56	follicle stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	65-77
34221147-2	2021	The NF is mainly composed of the human-identical milk oligosaccharide (HiMO) 3-FL but also contains D-lactose and its monomers, L-fucose and a small fraction of other related saccharides.	Carbohydrates	175-186	neurofascin	Homo sapiens	4-6
33864366-6	2021	Notably, multiple loci near transient receptor potential subfamily M genes (TRPM2 and TRPM3) interacted with carbohydrate-containing food groups.	Carbohydrates	109-121	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2	Homo sapiens	76-81
34203067-5	2021	Among these, carbohydrate catabolic process-related genes (PPP1R3B, PRPS2, ALDOC), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and lipolysis-related genes (PLIN1) were upregulated, while the carbohydrate biosynthetic process-related genes (PCK1) and most amino acid metabolism-related genes were downregulated.	Carbohydrates	13-25	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3B	Sus scrofa	59-66
34203067-5	2021	Among these, carbohydrate catabolic process-related genes (PPP1R3B, PRPS2, ALDOC), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and lipolysis-related genes (PLIN1) were upregulated, while the carbohydrate biosynthetic process-related genes (PCK1) and most amino acid metabolism-related genes were downregulated.	Carbohydrates	13-25	ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase 2	Sus scrofa	68-73
7547034-7	1995	Binding of the monoclonal antibody to the recombinant cPLA2 was abolished when treated with sodium periodate, suggesting that not only are carbohydrate chains associated with the cPLA2, but they also play a crucial role in antigen recognition by the monoclonal antibody.	Carbohydrates	139-151	phospholipase A2 group IVA	Homo sapiens	54-59
7547034-7	1995	Binding of the monoclonal antibody to the recombinant cPLA2 was abolished when treated with sodium periodate, suggesting that not only are carbohydrate chains associated with the cPLA2, but they also play a crucial role in antigen recognition by the monoclonal antibody.	Carbohydrates	139-151	phospholipase A2 group IVA	Homo sapiens	179-184
33894679-6	2021	Flies with mutations of dilp2, dilp3, dilp4, dilp5, and dilp6 genes consumed larger amounts of carbohydrate from 4-10% sucrose solutions as compared to the wild type.	Carbohydrates	95-107	Insulin-like peptide 3	Drosophila melanogaster	31-36
34222043-1	2021	The glycosyltransferases encoded by genes from the human ABO, Lewis, and Secretor histo-blood group systems synthesize part of the carbohydrate antigens in hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic tissues.	Carbohydrates	131-143	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	57-60
8717231-3	1995	The ability of high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) with pulsed amperometric detection was studied for evaluation of carbohydrate moieties of erythropoietin (EPO) products.	Carbohydrates	135-147	erythropoietin	Cricetulus griseus	160-174
8717231-3	1995	The ability of high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) with pulsed amperometric detection was studied for evaluation of carbohydrate moieties of erythropoietin (EPO) products.	Carbohydrates	135-147	erythropoietin	Cricetulus griseus	176-179
8717231-6	1995	The HPAEC profiles of oligosaccharides of these EPO products indicated that there were some differences in the carbohydrate moieties between CHO rh-EPO and BHK rh-EPO.	Carbohydrates	111-123	erythropoietin	Cricetulus griseus	48-51
8717231-6	1995	The HPAEC profiles of oligosaccharides of these EPO products indicated that there were some differences in the carbohydrate moieties between CHO rh-EPO and BHK rh-EPO.	Carbohydrates	111-123	erythropoietin	Cricetulus griseus	148-151
8717231-6	1995	The HPAEC profiles of oligosaccharides of these EPO products indicated that there were some differences in the carbohydrate moieties between CHO rh-EPO and BHK rh-EPO.	Carbohydrates	111-123	erythropoietin	Cricetulus griseus	148-151
7823967-0	1994	Carbohydrate heterogeneity of human myeloma proteins of the IgA1 and IgA2 subclasses.	Carbohydrates	0-12	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1	Homo sapiens	60-64
7823967-6	1994	The results indicated that the oligosaccharide structures of human IgA1 and IgA2 display a high degree of heterogeneity not only in the number of carbohydrate chains, but also in their composition.	Carbohydrates	146-158	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1	Homo sapiens	67-71
7961698-1	1994	The transcription and mRNA levels of murine liver stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) are induced 11- and 45-fold, respectively, by feeding fasted normal mice with a fat-free, high carbohydrate diet (Ntambi, J. M. (1992) J. Biol.	Carbohydrates	178-190	stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1	Mus musculus	50-75
7961698-1	1994	The transcription and mRNA levels of murine liver stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) are induced 11- and 45-fold, respectively, by feeding fasted normal mice with a fat-free, high carbohydrate diet (Ntambi, J. M. (1992) J. Biol.	Carbohydrates	178-190	stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1	Mus musculus	77-81
7961698-4	1994	In this study, we used streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice to study the regulatory role of carbohydrate and insulin on expression of the SCD1 gene in liver.	Carbohydrates	92-104	stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1	Mus musculus	138-142
7525896-0	1994	The L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate is preferentially expressed by previously motor axon-associated Schwann cells in reinnervated peripheral nerves.	Carbohydrates	13-25	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	7-12
7925459-2	1994	Interspecies structural comparison of the mouse receptor with bovine PLA2-I receptor, whose structure had been clarified, revealed that the fourth carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD)-like domain (CRD-like 4) was the most conserved among the domains in the PLA2-I receptor, suggesting the functional importance of CRD-like 4.	Carbohydrates	147-159	phospholipase A2 receptor 1	Mus musculus	69-84
7925459-2	1994	Interspecies structural comparison of the mouse receptor with bovine PLA2-I receptor, whose structure had been clarified, revealed that the fourth carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD)-like domain (CRD-like 4) was the most conserved among the domains in the PLA2-I receptor, suggesting the functional importance of CRD-like 4.	Carbohydrates	147-159	phospholipase A2 receptor 1	Mus musculus	258-273
7881179-11	1994	It is proposed that the schistosome beta 4-GalNAcT functions in the expression of specific carbohydrate structures that contribute to a molecular mimicry, enabling the schistosome to evade the defence system of the snail host.	Carbohydrates	91-103	chondroitin sulfate N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	36-50
7835953-5	1994	Monoclonal antibodies to these carbohydrates stimulated eosinophils to secrete eosinophil cationic protein, but not eosinophil peroxidase, and acted as costimulatory signals for C3b-induced degranulation of eosinophil cationic protein.	Carbohydrates	31-44	ribonuclease A family member 3	Homo sapiens	79-106
7945335-4	1994	Several antibodies lost their reactivity when sialic acid residues were removed from BSM, indicating that these antibodies recognize carbohydrate moieties of mucins.	Carbohydrates	133-145	mucin-19	Bos taurus	85-88
7948064-7	1994	According to the results of ion exchange chromatography, carbohydrate and amino acid analysis, mucins from rats, given the HF diet, had an elevated content of acidic mucin constituents with alterations in the carbohydrate and amino acid composition.	Carbohydrates	57-69	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	95-100
7948064-7	1994	According to the results of ion exchange chromatography, carbohydrate and amino acid analysis, mucins from rats, given the HF diet, had an elevated content of acidic mucin constituents with alterations in the carbohydrate and amino acid composition.	Carbohydrates	209-221	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	95-100
7912471-0	1994	Carbohydrate-related regulation of the ethanol-induced increase in serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in adult men.	Carbohydrates	0-12	inactive glutathione hydrolase 2	Homo sapiens	73-102
7524622-2	1994	Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies reactive with either protein or carbohydrate epitopes on the variable regions of CD45, we were able to detect more postnatal changes of CD45 expression.	Carbohydrates	71-83	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C	Homo sapiens	120-124
7524622-2	1994	Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies reactive with either protein or carbohydrate epitopes on the variable regions of CD45, we were able to detect more postnatal changes of CD45 expression.	Carbohydrates	71-83	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C	Homo sapiens	175-179
8179322-4	1994	The structural characterization of the carbohydrate moieties of G-1, G-2, and G-3 involved glycosyl composition analysis, methylation studies, sequential exoglycosidase hydrolysis, and one-dimensional 1H NMR spectroscopy of the native gangliosides.	Carbohydrates	39-51	proline rich protein BstNI subfamily 3	Homo sapiens	64-81
7909499-7	1994	We conclude that carbohydrate modification of ICAM-1 or an alternative glycoprotein confers resistance to LAK cell cytotoxicity in some cell lines.	Carbohydrates	17-29	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	46-52
7909499-7	1994	We conclude that carbohydrate modification of ICAM-1 or an alternative glycoprotein confers resistance to LAK cell cytotoxicity in some cell lines.	Carbohydrates	17-29	alpha kinase 1	Homo sapiens	106-109
8178975-10	1994	Consumption of a high-carbohydrate diet after weaning increased GLUT-4 and HK-II in muscle and GLUT-2 in liver, whereas consumption of a high-fat diet prevented these changes.	Carbohydrates	22-34	hexokinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	75-80
8017918-3	1994	The sugar composition and water solubility of carbohydrate in excreta from germfree rats fed FF diets indicated that a primary fermentable substrate was mucin.	Carbohydrates	46-58	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	153-158
7509792-5	1994	Based on this sequence similarity between these two receptors, the domain organization of the PLA2 receptor could be tentatively assigned as follows; 10 extracellular domains including 8 tandem repeats homologous to C-type carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) and a single transmembrane region followed by a short cytoplasmic tail.	Carbohydrates	223-235	phospholipase A2 group IIA	Homo sapiens	94-98
7868076-2	1994	Carbohydrate is transported to the fetus as glucose which is taken up from the maternal plasma by the GLUT 1 transporter and transported to the fetus by facilitative diffusion according to concentration-dependent kinetics.	Carbohydrates	0-12	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	102-108
7505014-3	1993	cDNA cloning of one of these molecules, the 50-kDa sulfated glycoprotein (glycosylation-dependent cell adhesion molecule 1 [GlyCAM-1]), has shown it to be a mucinlike scaffold that presents a carbohydrate ligand(s) to the lectin domain of L-selectin.	Carbohydrates	192-204	glycosylation dependent cell adhesion molecule 1 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	74-122
7505014-3	1993	cDNA cloning of one of these molecules, the 50-kDa sulfated glycoprotein (glycosylation-dependent cell adhesion molecule 1 [GlyCAM-1]), has shown it to be a mucinlike scaffold that presents a carbohydrate ligand(s) to the lectin domain of L-selectin.	Carbohydrates	192-204	glycosylation dependent cell adhesion molecule 1 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	124-132
8193942-3	1993	The concept of conjugating carbohydrate with a carrier protein increasing immunogenicity of the PRP led to 4 PRP--protein conjugate vaccines: PRP-diphtheria toxoid conjugated vaccine (PRP-D), outer-membrane protein of Neisseria meningitidis conjugated (PRP-OMP), cross-reacting mutant diphtheria protein (PRP-HbOC) and tetanus-Toxoid conjugated vaccine (PRP-T).	Carbohydrates	27-39	olfactory marker protein	Homo sapiens	257-260
7693773-1	1993	The HNK-1 antigen, a carbohydrate moiety bound to many cell adhesion and recognition molecules, is implicated in cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions during neural development.	Carbohydrates	21-33	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 like L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	4-9
8379944-12	1993	The results demonstrate that all four potential N-glycosylation sites in LCAT are used and the presence of carbohydrate at each site has diverse effects on the enzyme activity.	Carbohydrates	107-119	lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	73-77
8403798-2	1993	A double-blind study was undertaken to determine whether the infusion of bombesin inhibits the intake of a carbohydrate-rich meal, consumed 15 min after a 300 ml banana shake, in nine lean healthy subjects and whether the possible inhibition of food intake by bombesin is mediated by cholecystokinin.	Carbohydrates	107-119	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	73-81
8403798-7	1993	In conclusion, infusion of bombesin tends to inhibit the intake of a carbohydrate-rich meal after a preload by a cholecystokinin-independent mechanism.	Carbohydrates	69-81	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	27-35
8352754-4	1993	Purified mucin, obtained from the void volume of the Sepharose column, was characterized by SDS/PAGE, amino acid and carbohydrate analyses, sensitivity to thiol reduction, and cross-reactivity with antibody preparations to rat and human intestinal mucins on Western blots.	Carbohydrates	117-129	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	9-14
8352755-0	1993	Studies on the carbohydrate-binding characteristics of human pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A and comparison with two other collectins: mannan-binding protein and conglutinin.	Carbohydrates	15-27	surfactant protein A2	Homo sapiens	71-102
8352755-3	1993	It seems likely that SP-A, like MBP and conglutinin, may mediate anti-microbial activity through binding to carbohydrates on the microorganisms and collectin receptors on phagocytic cells.	Carbohydrates	108-121	surfactant protein A2	Homo sapiens	21-25
8352755-4	1993	We have studied the influence of carbohydrates on the binding of SP-A, MBP and conglutinin to mannan in an enzyme-linked lectin-binding assay.	Carbohydrates	33-46	surfactant protein A2	Homo sapiens	65-69
8323299-1	1993	The lysosomal membrane glycoproteins lamp-1 and lamp-2 are extensively glycosylated with a variety of different carbohydrate structures of both N-linked and O-linked type.	Carbohydrates	112-124	lysosomal associated membrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	48-54
7686497-7	1993	The epitopes recognized by Mel1 and Mel2 Mabs are carbohydrate moieties carried by glycoproteins of M(r) 123,000 and 85,000, respectively.	Carbohydrates	50-62	PR domain containing 16	Mus musculus	27-31
8103238-1	1993	Somatostatin produced in the D-cells of the stomach and the pancreas plays an important role in the carbohydrate metabolism and has been suggested to be involved in the disturbed glucose homeostasis during starvation.	Carbohydrates	100-112	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	0-12
8496151-4	1993	Digestion with peptide-N-glycosidase F yielded an apparent 68-kDa protein component indicating that PCDGF is a glycoprotein containing about 20 kDa of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	151-163	granulin	Mus musculus	100-105
8097757-6	1993	Because previous studies have shown that certain saccharides inhibit CR3-Fc gamma RIII co-capping, we tested a panel of saccharides to determine their ability to influence IC-mediated intracellular Ca2+ release.	Carbohydrates	49-60	Fc gamma receptor IIIa	Homo sapiens	73-86
8099115-0	1993	Monoclonal antibodies to the carbohydrate structure Lewis(x) stimulate the adhesive activity of leukocyte integrin CD11b/CD18 (CR3, Mac-1, alpha m beta 2) on human granulocytes.	Carbohydrates	29-41	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	115-120
35617143-4	2022	Additionally, Nrx-1 mutants exhibit a significantly altered metabolic profile characterized by decreased lipid and carbohydrate stores.	Carbohydrates	115-127	Neurexin 1	Drosophila melanogaster	14-19
35634847-0	2022	Retinol dehydrogenase 10 contributes to cancer stemness and intracellular carbohydrate storage in ovarian clear cell carcinomas.	Carbohydrates	74-86	retinol dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	0-24
35634847-7	2022	RDH10 promoted spherogenecity and intracellular carbohydrate storage via modulation of PCK1 expression in OCCC cells.	Carbohydrates	48-60	retinol dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	0-5
35634847-8	2022	CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, abundant RDH10 contributed to cancer cell stemness and intracellular carbohydrate storage in OCCCs.	Carbohydrates	104-116	retinol dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	44-49
35438972-7	2022	Selectivity of the EM-GOx-GNPs against other saccharides was increased, which improved the LOD in phosphate-buffered saline and human serum.	Carbohydrates	45-56	hydroxyacid oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	22-25
35394686-9	2022	Additionally, AGE levels in colonic epithelium were increased by treatment with the selected fermentable carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	105-118	renin binding protein	Mus musculus	14-17
35416295-6	2022	Associations of RAC1 polymorphisms with T2D were modified by environmental factors such as sedentary lifestyle, psychological stresses, a dietary deficit of fresh fruits/vegetables, and increased carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	196-208	Rac family small GTPase 1	Homo sapiens	16-20
34989167-1	2022	AIMS: A decrease in carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA-125) predicts survival advantage in chronic heart failure (HF); the impact of its variation in acute HF is unknown.	Carbohydrates	20-32	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	46-52
35051651-7	2022	RESULTS: In obese human subjects, plasma levels of AGRP correlated inversely with consumption of carbohydrates over fats.	Carbohydrates	97-110	agouti related neuropeptide	Homo sapiens	51-55
35306726-0	2022	Expression of AtWRI1 and AtDGAT1 during soybean embryo development influences oil and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	86-98	Integrase-type DNA-binding superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	14-20
35292917-3	2022	The aim of this study was to investigate the association of polymorphisms within the MC4R, PPARG, and TCF7L2 genes on the risk of carbohydrate metabolism disorders and body composition changes in overweight or obese patients with early carbohydrate metabolism disorders.	Carbohydrates	236-248	melanocortin 4 receptor	Homo sapiens	85-89
35067303-0	2022	The Arabidopsis transcription factors AtPHL1 and AtHB23 act together promoting carbohydrate transport from pedicel-silique nodes to seeds.	Carbohydrates	79-91	Homeodomain-like superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	38-44
35067303-0	2022	The Arabidopsis transcription factors AtPHL1 and AtHB23 act together promoting carbohydrate transport from pedicel-silique nodes to seeds.	Carbohydrates	79-91	homeobox protein 23	Arabidopsis thaliana	49-55
34951618-2	2022	These enzymes use the anion PAPS (adenosine-3"-phosphate-5"-phosphosulfate) as a donor for a broad range of acceptor substrates, including carbohydrates, producing sulfated compounds and PAP (adenosine-3",5"-diphosphate) as a side product.	Carbohydrates	139-152	poly(A) polymerase alpha	Homo sapiens	187-190
35014244-3	2022	Low-carbohydrate diet aims to provide daily energy from fats and is originally used for childhood epilepsy.	Carbohydrates	4-16	chromosome 10 open reading frame 90	Homo sapiens	56-60
34969852-3	2022	The mechanism involves Sod1-derived H2O2 oxidatively inactivating the glycolytic enzyme, GAPDH, which in turn reroutes carbohydrate flux to the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway (oxPPP) to generate NADPH.	Carbohydrates	119-131	2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1	Homo sapiens	213-218
34730772-12	2022	Compared with patients with wild-type KRAS, patients with variant KRAS were more likely to have high levels of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (92 of 127 (72.4%) vs 546 of 897 (60.9%); P = .01) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (72 of 127 (56.7%) vs 420 of 897 (46.8%); P = .04).	Carbohydrates	111-123	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	38-42
34730772-12	2022	Compared with patients with wild-type KRAS, patients with variant KRAS were more likely to have high levels of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (92 of 127 (72.4%) vs 546 of 897 (60.9%); P = .01) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (72 of 127 (56.7%) vs 420 of 897 (46.8%); P = .04).	Carbohydrates	111-123	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	66-70
8099115-0	1993	Monoclonal antibodies to the carbohydrate structure Lewis(x) stimulate the adhesive activity of leukocyte integrin CD11b/CD18 (CR3, Mac-1, alpha m beta 2) on human granulocytes.	Carbohydrates	29-41	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	132-153
33894679-6	2021	Flies with mutations of dilp2, dilp3, dilp4, dilp5, and dilp6 genes consumed larger amounts of carbohydrate from 4-10% sucrose solutions as compared to the wild type.	Carbohydrates	95-107	Insulin-like peptide 5	Drosophila melanogaster	45-50
33837247-5	2021	During dark periods with depressed CO2 fixation, KOR1 shows rapid carbohydrate degradation together with increased lipid and carotenoid contents.	Carbohydrates	66-78	opioid receptor kappa 1	Homo sapiens	49-53
8440393-8	1993	The structure of the r-hSP and the glycosylated r-hSP was determined by amino acid analysis and carbohydrate composition analysis as well as by peptide mapping, amino acid sequencing and mass spectrometric analysis.	Carbohydrates	96-108	heat shock protein 90 beta family member 2, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	50-53
33981943-11	2021	Metabolite profile differences for MFGM+LF versus control included lower fecal medium-chain fatty acids, deoxycarnitine, and glycochenodeoxycholate, and some higher fecal carbohydrates and steroids (P < 0.05).	Carbohydrates	171-184	milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing	Bos taurus	35-39
7679693-14	1993	These results suggest that a carbohydrate structure on HE cells recognized by LECAM-1 is borne possibly on a limited number of cell surface-sulfated glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	29-41	selectin L	Rattus norvegicus	78-85
8443248-1	1993	Site-directed mutagenesis was used to generate lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) species in which individual attachment sites for N-linked oligosaccharide residues were replaced with residues that prevent the attachment of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	233-245	lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	47-83
8443248-1	1993	Site-directed mutagenesis was used to generate lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) species in which individual attachment sites for N-linked oligosaccharide residues were replaced with residues that prevent the attachment of carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	233-245	lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	85-89
32909036-4	2021	The HG carboxylates at the C6 positions in GalA rings mandate that this saccharide bind galectin-3 in an unconventional, "topsy-turvy" orientation that is flipped by about 180o relative to that of the canonical beta-galactoside lactose.	Carbohydrates	72-82	galactosidase alpha	Homo sapiens	43-47
33635872-7	2021	Isolated constructs composed only of the neck and carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-D also bind to histone H4 and partially limit neutrophil responses to it.	Carbohydrates	50-62	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	85-89
8428982-0	1993	Carbohydrate residues modulate the activation of coagulation factor X.	Carbohydrates	0-12	coagulation factor X	Homo sapiens	49-69
33352264-21	2021	Carbohydrate dysmetabolism was set for 57.6 % women with previously diagnosed GDM: 11 (7.0 %) were diagnosed with impaired fasting glycemia (IFG), 14 (8.9 %) with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) was diagnosed for 58 (36.7 %), DM type 1 for 7 (4.4 %), MODY2 (maturity onset diabetes of the young) - 1 (0.6 %) patients.	Carbohydrates	0-12	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	283-288
8438342-0	1993	Specific intravenous carbohydrate therapy: a new approach to the inhibition of antibody-mediated rejection following ABO-incompatible allografting and discordant xenografting.	Carbohydrates	21-33	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	117-120
8424457-6	1993	Two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting of proteins in the lavage pellet with antibodies to the carbohydrate-binding domain of proteinosis human SP-D demonstrated covalently cross-linked multimers of SP-D monomers (43 kd, reduced) and multimers of trimeric components stabilized by disulfide and non-disulfide bonds.	Carbohydrates	149-161	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	198-202
8424457-6	1993	Two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting of proteins in the lavage pellet with antibodies to the carbohydrate-binding domain of proteinosis human SP-D demonstrated covalently cross-linked multimers of SP-D monomers (43 kd, reduced) and multimers of trimeric components stabilized by disulfide and non-disulfide bonds.	Carbohydrates	149-161	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	253-257
33452386-9	2021	Increasing carbohydrate intake while decreasing that of fats, is associated with higher hypoglycaemia risk.	Carbohydrates	11-23	chromosome 10 open reading frame 90	Homo sapiens	56-60
33225719-0	2021	ChREBP downregulates SNAT2 amino acid transporter expression through interactions with SMRT in response to a high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	114-126	solute carrier family 38, member 2	Rattus norvegicus	21-26
7805615-1	1993	The human ABO (H) blood group antigens are genetically determined carbohydrate structures found in different cells and tissues.	Carbohydrates	66-78	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	10-13
33225719-6	2021	These findings suggest that glucogenic amino acid uptake by the liver is controlled by ChREBP through the repression of SNAT2 expression in rats consuming a high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	162-174	solute carrier family 38, member 2	Rattus norvegicus	120-125
8432340-2	1993	This suggests that the sialic acid content on the terminus of N-glycoside linked carbohydrate chains of the IPM increases between P14 and P16.	Carbohydrates	81-93	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Rattus norvegicus	138-141
33151898-1	2021	Cholecystokinin (CCK) is secreted from enteroendocrine I cells in response to fat, carbohydrate, and protein ingestion.	Carbohydrates	83-95	cholecystokinin	Mus musculus	17-20
1301395-6	1992	When partially purified [3H]hexosaminidase B was incubated with rat C6 glial cells which express large numbers of IGF-II/mannose-6-phosphate receptors, the enzyme was taken up specifically via the IGF-II/mannose-6-phosphate receptor as evidenced by carbohydrate competition experiments.	Carbohydrates	249-261	hexosaminidase subunit beta	Rattus norvegicus	28-44
1301395-6	1992	When partially purified [3H]hexosaminidase B was incubated with rat C6 glial cells which express large numbers of IGF-II/mannose-6-phosphate receptors, the enzyme was taken up specifically via the IGF-II/mannose-6-phosphate receptor as evidenced by carbohydrate competition experiments.	Carbohydrates	249-261	insulin-like growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	197-203
32702503-0	2020	Alcohol consumption combined with dietary low-carbohydrate/high-protein intake increased the left ventricular systolic dysfunction risk and lethal ventricular arrhythmia susceptibility in apolipoprotein E/low-density lipoprotein receptor double-knockout mice.	Carbohydrates	46-58	low density lipoprotein receptor	Mus musculus	205-237
33038517-3	2020	Given the central role of AMPK in cellular carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, AMPK activation has been proposed to be a therapeutic target for conditions associated with dysfunctional nutrient metabolism including obesity, type 2 diabetes, hepatic steatosis, cardiovascular diseases and cancer.	Carbohydrates	43-55	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	26-30
1400416-2	1992	The Gal beta 1,3(4)GlcNAc alpha 2,3-sialyltransferase forms the NeuAc alpha 2,3Gal beta 1,3(4)GlcNAc sequences found in terminal carbohydrate groups of glycoproteins and glycolipids.	Carbohydrates	129-141	ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3	Rattus norvegicus	4-53
1397836-4	1992	For example, fatty acid synthase gene transcription is inhibited by specific polyunsaturated fatty acids; S14 and pyruvate kinase genes contain a specific carbohydrate response element; and editing of apo B-100 to apo B-48 is enhanced by dietary carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	155-167	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	13-32
33038517-3	2020	Given the central role of AMPK in cellular carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, AMPK activation has been proposed to be a therapeutic target for conditions associated with dysfunctional nutrient metabolism including obesity, type 2 diabetes, hepatic steatosis, cardiovascular diseases and cancer.	Carbohydrates	43-55	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	78-82
1397836-4	1992	For example, fatty acid synthase gene transcription is inhibited by specific polyunsaturated fatty acids; S14 and pyruvate kinase genes contain a specific carbohydrate response element; and editing of apo B-100 to apo B-48 is enhanced by dietary carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	246-258	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	13-32
33388127-3	2020	Herein, we provide a brief overview of the progress made on the development of synthetic carbohydrate-based epitope mimics for the elicitation of bnAbs directed to certain regions on Env gp120 protein: the outer domain high-mannose cluster and the variable loops V1V2 and V3.	Carbohydrates	89-101	endogenous retrovirus group K member 20	Homo sapiens	183-186
1377127-8	1992	In the FRTL-5 assays, removal of carbohydrate from TSH alpha, but not the beta-subunit, caused a 2- to 3-fold increase in the concentration required for half-maximal stimulation, with minimal change in the apparent Vmax.	Carbohydrates	33-45	glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	51-60
31865756-0	2020	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of carbohydrate-based sulphonamide derivatives as topical antiglaucoma agents through selective inhibition of carbonic anhydrase II.	Carbohydrates	47-59	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	154-175
33254482-0	2020	The influence of ABO blood groups on COVID-19 susceptibility and severity: A molecular hypothesis based on carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions.	Carbohydrates	107-119	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	17-20
1620553-1	1992	The liver-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK) gene is controlled positively by insulin and carbohydrates, negatively by glucagon and fasting.	Carbohydrates	83-96	pyruvate kinase liver and red blood cell	Mus musculus	4-30
1620553-1	1992	The liver-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK) gene is controlled positively by insulin and carbohydrates, negatively by glucagon and fasting.	Carbohydrates	83-96	pyruvate kinase liver and red blood cell	Mus musculus	32-36
1620553-3	1992	L-PK/c-myc and L-PK/Tag animals fed a carbohydrate-rich diet developed hepatocarcinomas.	Carbohydrates	38-50	pyruvate kinase liver and red blood cell	Mus musculus	0-4
1620553-3	1992	L-PK/c-myc and L-PK/Tag animals fed a carbohydrate-rich diet developed hepatocarcinomas.	Carbohydrates	38-50	pyruvate kinase liver and red blood cell	Mus musculus	15-19
1376112-3	1992	The interaction of anti-(horseradish peroxidase) antiserum with PLA2 suggests the existence of a carbohydrate determinant common to both glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	97-109	peroxidase	Apis mellifera	37-47
33254482-0	2020	The influence of ABO blood groups on COVID-19 susceptibility and severity: A molecular hypothesis based on carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions.	Carbohydrates	120-132	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	17-20
33254482-7	2020	Based on this survey, we hypothesize that the correlation between the ABO blood system and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection can be presumably explained by the modulation of sialic acid-containing receptors distribution on host cell surface induced by ABO antigens through carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions, which could maximize or minimize the virus Spike protein binding to the host cell.	Carbohydrates	278-290	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	70-73
1350932-0	1992	cDNA, amino acid and carbohydrate sequence of barley seed-specific peroxidase BP 1.	Carbohydrates	21-33	prx7	Hordeum vulgare	67-77
33254482-7	2020	Based on this survey, we hypothesize that the correlation between the ABO blood system and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection can be presumably explained by the modulation of sialic acid-containing receptors distribution on host cell surface induced by ABO antigens through carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions, which could maximize or minimize the virus Spike protein binding to the host cell.	Carbohydrates	278-290	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	257-260
1350932-2	1992	Previous studies showed a low carbohydrate content, low specific activity and tissue-specific expression, and suggested that this basic peroxidase could be particularly useful in the elucidation of the structure-function relationship and in the study of the biological roles of plant peroxidases (S.K.	Carbohydrates	30-42	prx7	Hordeum vulgare	136-146
33254482-7	2020	Based on this survey, we hypothesize that the correlation between the ABO blood system and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection can be presumably explained by the modulation of sialic acid-containing receptors distribution on host cell surface induced by ABO antigens through carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions, which could maximize or minimize the virus Spike protein binding to the host cell.	Carbohydrates	291-303	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	70-73
33254482-7	2020	Based on this survey, we hypothesize that the correlation between the ABO blood system and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection can be presumably explained by the modulation of sialic acid-containing receptors distribution on host cell surface induced by ABO antigens through carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions, which could maximize or minimize the virus Spike protein binding to the host cell.	Carbohydrates	291-303	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	257-260
32883687-1	2020	INTRODUCTION: Treatment using sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitor and low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) for obesity and type 2 diabetes are similar in terms of carbohydrate limitation.	Carbohydrates	166-178	solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucose cotransporter), member 2	Mus musculus	30-67
1550564-4	1992	Since TGF alpha is produced by hepatocytes during liver regeneration and by macrophages during endotoxin stimulation, it may have an autocrine/paracrine effect on hepatic carbohydrate metabolism in these states, and may account for the low hepatic glycogen levels during liver regeneration and the impaired glucose tolerance associated with sepsis.	Carbohydrates	171-183	transforming growth factor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	6-15
1625811-2	1992	GRP has multiple putative biological functions including effects on feeding behaviour and carbohydrate metabolism, body temperature, and effects on hormone release, but little is known about the regulation of GRP gene expression in the brain.	Carbohydrates	90-102	gastrin releasing peptide	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
32643799-5	2020	5"-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-regulated neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) that express corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) are necessary and sufficient for the fasting-induced selection of carbohydrate over an HFD in mice.	Carbohydrates	231-243	corticotropin releasing hormone	Mus musculus	127-158
32643799-5	2020	5"-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-regulated neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) that express corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) are necessary and sufficient for the fasting-induced selection of carbohydrate over an HFD in mice.	Carbohydrates	231-243	corticotropin releasing hormone	Mus musculus	160-163
32729597-1	2020	High-mannose (Man9GlcNAc2) is the main carbohydrate unit present in viral envelope glycoproteins such as gp120 of HIV and the GP1 of Ebola virus.	Carbohydrates	39-51	GTP binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	126-129
1547238-3	1992	When crystals are grown in the presence of Ca2+ ions, the Gla domain exhibits a well-defined structure binding seven Ca2+ ions, but the carbohydrate is still disordered.	Carbohydrates	136-148	galactosidase alpha	Homo sapiens	58-61
33194864-8	2020	LEARNING POINTS: The carbohydrate moieties used in parenteral iron preparations are different, and may have a dose-dependent relationship with the development of hypophosphataemia.The mechanism by which hypophosphataemia occurs after parenteral iron replacement is related to increased serum levels of FGF23, which increases renal phosphate wasting.The serum phosphate levels of patients receiving parenteral iron replacement (especially ferric carboxymaltose or iron polymaltose) should be routinely monitored for hypophosphataemia, which is an under-diagnosed complication.	Carbohydrates	21-33	fibroblast growth factor 23	Homo sapiens	302-307
32507197-7	2020	The optimized AF4 method facilitates the characterization of complex biomass-derived carbohydrates without pre-fractionation, and provides valuable understanding of their unique macromolecular features for their future application in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.	Carbohydrates	85-98	AF4/FMR2 family member 1	Homo sapiens	14-17
1537864-5	1992	Direct isolation of the AT III-binding site of HSact by exposing carbohydrate chains to Flavobacterium heparitinase in the presence of protease inhibitor revealed only a single interaction site which contained two to three glucuronsyl 3-O-sulfated glucosamine residues.	Carbohydrates	65-77	serpin family C member 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-30
1587794-5	1992	The deduced amino acid sequence indicated that MMGL had a single membrane-spanning region, three leucine zipper-like domains, and a carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	132-144	C-type lectin domain containing 10A	Rattus norvegicus	47-51
32753697-4	2020	On the other hand, various carbohydrate-specific antibodies, including antibodies to ABO blood group antigens, emerge after the contact of immune cells with the intestinal microbiota, which expresses a vast diversity of carbohydrate antigens.	Carbohydrates	27-39	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	85-100
1584218-4	1992	In order to determine whether TBG-G contains an additional carbohydrate chain as indirectly suggested by the isoelectric focusing results, cDNAs containing the normal TBG (TBG-N), and TBG-G were inserted in the appropriate vectors to allow their expression in mammalian cells (COS-1) and in amphibian (Xenopus) oocytes.	Carbohydrates	59-71	serpin family A member 7	Homo sapiens	30-33
1391595-0	1992	Analysis of carbohydrate residues on human thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin (Tg) and effects of deglycosylation, reduction and unfolding on autoantibody binding.	Carbohydrates	12-24	thyroid peroxidase	Homo sapiens	43-61
32753697-4	2020	On the other hand, various carbohydrate-specific antibodies, including antibodies to ABO blood group antigens, emerge after the contact of immune cells with the intestinal microbiota, which expresses a vast diversity of carbohydrate antigens.	Carbohydrates	220-232	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	85-100
1391595-0	1992	Analysis of carbohydrate residues on human thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin (Tg) and effects of deglycosylation, reduction and unfolding on autoantibody binding.	Carbohydrates	12-24	thyroid peroxidase	Homo sapiens	63-66
1391595-2	1992	In addition the nature of carbohydrate residues associated with human TPO has been studied.	Carbohydrates	26-38	thyroid peroxidase	Homo sapiens	70-73
32661950-2	2020	Growth hormone (GH) controls body growth rate, milk production, reproduction as well as carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism.	Carbohydrates	88-100	somatotropin	Ovis aries	0-14
1391595-7	1992	The nature of carbohydrate residues associated with hTPO was analysed by assessment of the effects of different glycosidases on 125I-TPO mobility on SDS-PAGE followed by autoradiography and by the use of lectins.	Carbohydrates	14-26	thyroid peroxidase	Homo sapiens	53-56
32523897-3	2020	We have previously shown that adding a second Env-binding moiety, such as the carbohydrate recognition domain of human mannose-binding lectin (MBL) that recognizes the highly conserved oligomannose patch on gp120, increases CAR potency in an in vitro HIV suppression assay; moreover it reduces the undesired capacity for the CD4 of the CAR molecule to act as an entry receptor, thereby rendering CAR-expressing CD8+ T cells susceptible to infection.	Carbohydrates	78-90	endogenous retrovirus group K member 20	Homo sapiens	46-49
1467432-1	1992	Although changes in surface carbohydrate expression of abnormally expanded MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) lymph node (LN) cells have previously been described, the composition and function of glycolipids present on these cells as well as the spectrum of specificity of anti-carbohydrate antibodies reactive with these cells remains obscure.	Carbohydrates	28-40	Signal-transducer and activator of transcription protein at 92E	Drosophila melanogaster	75-78
32523897-3	2020	We have previously shown that adding a second Env-binding moiety, such as the carbohydrate recognition domain of human mannose-binding lectin (MBL) that recognizes the highly conserved oligomannose patch on gp120, increases CAR potency in an in vitro HIV suppression assay; moreover it reduces the undesired capacity for the CD4 of the CAR molecule to act as an entry receptor, thereby rendering CAR-expressing CD8+ T cells susceptible to infection.	Carbohydrates	78-90	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	411-414
32296307-3	2020	Mrc1 is a 175-kDa transmembrane pattern recognition receptor which binds a variety of carbohydrates and is involved in the pinocytosis and the phagocytosis of immune cells, including microglia, and thought to contribute to a neuroprotective microglial phenotype.	Carbohydrates	86-99	mannose receptor, C type 1	Mus musculus	0-4
1729169-2	1992	The C4A and C4B molecules differ in their biological activity, the former binding more efficiently to proteins than to carbohydrates while for the latter, the opposite holds true.	Carbohydrates	119-132	complement C4	Pan troglodytes	12-15
1371155-0	1992	Immunocytochemical localization of the L1 and N-CAM cell adhesion molecules and their shared carbohydrate epitope L2/HNK-1 in the developing and differentiated gustatory papillae of the mouse tongue.	Carbohydrates	93-105	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	117-122
1813101-2	1991	Purified germ-free rat intestinal mucin was found by chemical analysis to contain 25% protein, enriched in serine, threonine, and proline, 75% carbohydrate, and no nucleic acid.	Carbohydrates	143-155	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	34-39
32190036-2	2020	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that are involved in carbohydrate and fatty-acid metabolism and have also been associated with DR. Three PPAR isoforms are known: PPARG, PPARA, and PPARD.	Carbohydrates	95-107	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens	222-227
32029456-2	2020	PARP1, PARP2, PARP7, PARP10, and PARP14 regulate central and peripheral carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and often channel pathological disruptive metabolic signals.	Carbohydrates	72-84	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase family member 14	Homo sapiens	33-39
1841676-4	1991	The structural assessment of the carbohydrate chains of lysosomal and microsomal beta-glucuronidase was performed by lectin affinity immunoelectrophoresis.	Carbohydrates	33-45	glucuronidase, beta	Rattus norvegicus	81-99
31919051-9	2020	In summary, dietary sugar-induced increases in circulating ANGPTL3 concentrations after metabolic dysregulation correlated positively with leptin levels, HOMA-IR and dyslipidemia.	Carbohydrates	20-25	angiopoietin like 3	Macaca mulatta	59-66
1906461-5	1991	HSPG protein core, obtained by heparitinase digestion, also bound to the beta-amyloid precursor proteins with high affinity, indicating that the high affinity binding site is constituted by the polypeptide chain rather than the carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	228-240	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-4
32103179-3	2020	The responsible enzymes-ALG3, ALG9, ALG12, ALG6, ALG8 and ALG10-are glycosyltransferases of the C-superfamily (GT-Cs), which are loosely defined as containing membrane-spanning helices and processing an isoprenoid-linked carbohydrate donor substrate3,4.	Carbohydrates	221-233	dolichyl-P-Glc:Glc1Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-PP-dolichol alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	49-53
1675157-6	1991	Agents that interfere with carbohydrate processing provide evidence that the size of the N-linked oligosaccharide side chains on ICAM-1 affects binding to Mac-1 but not to LFA-1.	Carbohydrates	27-39	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	129-135
1675157-6	1991	Agents that interfere with carbohydrate processing provide evidence that the size of the N-linked oligosaccharide side chains on ICAM-1 affects binding to Mac-1 but not to LFA-1.	Carbohydrates	27-39	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	155-160
31961140-0	2020	CUPRA-ZYME: An Assay for Measuring Carbohydrate-Active Enzyme Activities, Pathways, and Substrate Specificities.	Carbohydrates	35-47	kallikrein related peptidase 6	Homo sapiens	0-10
2036969-7	1991	These data provide further evidence for a key role for cell surface carbohydrate-containing moieties in the mechanism through which parathyroid cells "sense" Ca2+ and, in turn, regulate PTH release, phosphoinositide turnover, and the release of intracellular Ca2+ stores.	Carbohydrates	68-80	parathyroid hormone	Bos taurus	186-189
32040577-6	2020	The area under the curve (AUC) for m6A in the GC group was 0.929 (95% CI, 0.88-0.96), which is markedly greater than the AUCs for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA; 0.694) and carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199; 0.603).	Carbohydrates	172-184	glycoprotein M6A	Homo sapiens	35-38
1852116-7	1991	The presence of carbohydrate may play a role in protecting IF from digestion by pancreatic proteases in the intestinal lumen.	Carbohydrates	16-28	cobalamin binding intrinsic factor	Rattus norvegicus	59-61
31818906-4	2020	Inducible overexpression of RETINOBLASTOMA RELATED (RBR), a sugar-dependent transcriptional repressor of cell proliferation, depletes meristematic activity and causes precocious differentiation, which is attenuated by EBP1.	Carbohydrates	60-65	proliferation-associated 2G4	Homo sapiens	218-222
2018763-2	1991	This charge heterogeneity could be eliminated by neuraminidase treatment of rCD4 and therefore can be attributed to different degrees of sialylation of the carbohydrate portion of this glycoprotein.	Carbohydrates	156-168	Cd4 molecule	Rattus norvegicus	76-80
31998689-1	2019	Galectin-1 (G1) and galectin-3 (G3) are carbohydrate-binding proteins that can signal apoptosis in T cells.	Carbohydrates	40-52	proline rich protein BstNI subfamily 3	Homo sapiens	0-14
2007624-11	1991	Human neonatal foreskin keratinocytes (HFKs) and QG56 lung squamous carcinoma cells express an alternatively spliced form of the CD44 core protein (termed CD44E) that contains an additional 132 amino acids in the carbohydrate attachment region of the extracellular domain.	Carbohydrates	213-225	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Homo sapiens	129-133
31911495-1	2020	Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD9) is a critical adaptor molecule triggered by the interaction of C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) with carbohydrate motifs found in fungi.	Carbohydrates	155-167	caspase recruitment domain family member 9	Homo sapiens	49-54
2055326-2	1991	Shifts in carbohydrate metabolism results in disturbances of dynamics of the necrotic infarction zone processes that induces complications of healing changes in the content of myoglobin, creatine kinase, aspartateaminotransferase with MI against a background of hyperglycemia greatly differ from those typical of noncomplicated and complicated hyperactive MI.	Carbohydrates	10-22	myoglobin	Canis lupus familiaris	176-185
1711398-1	1991	A large number of patients with peripheral neuropathy and IgM paraproteinemia have IgM monoclonal antibodies which recognize a carbohydrate determinant shared by myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and sulfated glucuronyl glycolipids (SGGLs).	Carbohydrates	127-139	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	162-192
31911495-9	2020	Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD9) is a critical molecule that is activated after interactions of C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) found on the surfaces of specific immune cells, with carbohydrate structures associated with fungi.	Carbohydrates	203-215	caspase recruitment domain family member 9	Homo sapiens	49-54
1711398-1	1991	A large number of patients with peripheral neuropathy and IgM paraproteinemia have IgM monoclonal antibodies which recognize a carbohydrate determinant shared by myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and sulfated glucuronyl glycolipids (SGGLs).	Carbohydrates	127-139	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	194-197
31911495-11	2020	C. neoformans contains several carbohydrate structures that interact with CLRs on immune cells and activate CARD9.	Carbohydrates	31-43	caspase recruitment domain family member 9	Homo sapiens	108-113
32306331-3	2020	Further, differences in carbohydrate specificity among tandemly arrayed FTLDs present in any FTL polypeptide subunit, together with the expression of multiple FTL isoforms in a single individual supports a striking diversity in ligand recognition.	Carbohydrates	24-36	ferritin light chain	Homo sapiens	72-75
1835600-10	1991	Our results suggest that gastrointestinal metabolism of carbohydrates stimulates the release of a factor, which initiates both ODC activity and DNA synthesis in tumour cells.	Carbohydrates	56-69	ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1	Mus musculus	127-130
1978828-2	1990	The liver/islet (GLUT2) and muscle/adipose tissue (GLUT4) glucose-transporter gene products, membrane proteins that facilitate glucose uptake into cells, are important molecules for normal carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	189-201	solute carrier family 2 member 2	Homo sapiens	17-22
32306331-3	2020	Further, differences in carbohydrate specificity among tandemly arrayed FTLDs present in any FTL polypeptide subunit, together with the expression of multiple FTL isoforms in a single individual supports a striking diversity in ligand recognition.	Carbohydrates	24-36	ferritin light chain	Homo sapiens	93-96
32306360-0	2020	FAM3B/PANDER-Like Carbohydrate-Binding Domain in a Glycosyltransferase, POMGNT1.	Carbohydrates	18-30	protein O-linked mannose N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 (beta 1,2-)	Homo sapiens	72-79
1702721-0	1990	Glycosylation of CD45: carbohydrate composition and its role in acquisition of CD45R0 and CD45RB T cell maturation-related antigen specificities during biosynthesis.	Carbohydrates	23-35	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C	Homo sapiens	17-21
1702721-3	1990	Incubation of K-562 cells with the N-glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin blocked carbohydrate processing during biosynthesis of CD45 proteins, generating unglycosylated polypeptides similar in size to those resulting from digestion of CD45 proteins with a mixture of both N- and O-glycanases.	Carbohydrates	81-93	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C	Homo sapiens	128-132
1702721-7	1990	From these results we conclude that the blockade of early steps of N-glycosylation during carbohydrate processing resulted in the inhibition of subsequent incorporation of O-linked sugars on CD45 polypeptides, thus preventing the late acquisition of the CD45R0 and CD45RB determinants on the 180- and 190-kDa CD45 polypeptides.	Carbohydrates	90-102	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C	Homo sapiens	191-195
1702721-7	1990	From these results we conclude that the blockade of early steps of N-glycosylation during carbohydrate processing resulted in the inhibition of subsequent incorporation of O-linked sugars on CD45 polypeptides, thus preventing the late acquisition of the CD45R0 and CD45RB determinants on the 180- and 190-kDa CD45 polypeptides.	Carbohydrates	90-102	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C	Homo sapiens	254-258
2127661-6	1990	The application of these labeled lectins in combination with specific glycosidases for the characterization of the carbohydrate chains of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and erythropoietin is presented.	Carbohydrates	115-127	chromosome 20 open reading frame 181	Homo sapiens	150-178
2199456-11	1990	The Golgi-specific carbohydrate modification, which occurs in a SEC18-dependent manner, consists of alpha 1-6 mannose linkages, with no detectable alpha 1-3 mannose additions, indicating that the transit of the HDEL-tagged fusion protein is confined to an early Golgi compartment.	Carbohydrates	19-31	transcriptional co-activator mating type protein alpha	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	100-109
1693564-0	1990	Carbohydrate moieties in recombinant human thyroid peroxidase: role in recognition by antithyroid peroxidase antibodies in Hashimoto"s thyroiditis.	Carbohydrates	0-12	thyroid peroxidase	Homo sapiens	43-61
2396444-5	1990	Replacement of fat by carbohydrates produced a similar decrease of plasma ES-1 activity as did replacement of fat by protein.	Carbohydrates	22-35	kallikrein 1-related peptidase C2	Rattus norvegicus	74-78
1693072-3	1990	By performing swainsonine treatment and digestion with endoglycosidase H (Endo H), we showed that the heavy chains of GPIIb and VNR alpha are glycosylated by complex-type oligosaccharide chains, and provided the first evidence for the presence of one complex carbohydrate residue on their light chains.	Carbohydrates	259-271	integrin subunit alpha 2b	Homo sapiens	118-123
2184032-4	1990	We found that limited proteolysis of isolated nuclear envelopes with papain released a 200 kd water-soluble fragment of gp210 containing concanavalin A-reactive carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	161-173	nucleoporin 210	Homo sapiens	120-125
2184032-8	1990	Thus, gp210 is a transmembrane protein with most of its mass, including the carbohydrate, located in the perinuclear space.	Carbohydrates	76-88	nucleoporin 210	Homo sapiens	6-11
2182537-4	1990	Degradation of the carbohydrate moiety of IgA1 molecules accompanied IgA1 protease activity in S. oralis and protease-producing strains of S. mitis biovar 1.	Carbohydrates	19-31	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1	Homo sapiens	42-46
2182537-4	1990	Degradation of the carbohydrate moiety of IgA1 molecules accompanied IgA1 protease activity in S. oralis and protease-producing strains of S. mitis biovar 1.	Carbohydrates	19-31	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1	Homo sapiens	69-73
2182537-11	1990	Hence, the observation that oral streptococci may cleave not only the alpha 1 chains but also the carbohydrate moiety of IgA1 molecules suggests that the ability to evade secretory immune mechanisms may contribute to the successful establishment of these bacteria in the oral cavity.	Carbohydrates	98-110	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1	Homo sapiens	121-125
2324749-3	1990	The oligosaccharide portion of GM1 inhibited adherence of S20Y cells to GM1-coated wells, indicating that the carbohydrate moiety of GM1 bore the recognition site.	Carbohydrates	110-122	coenzyme Q10A	Mus musculus	31-34
2324749-3	1990	The oligosaccharide portion of GM1 inhibited adherence of S20Y cells to GM1-coated wells, indicating that the carbohydrate moiety of GM1 bore the recognition site.	Carbohydrates	110-122	coenzyme Q10A	Mus musculus	72-75
2324749-3	1990	The oligosaccharide portion of GM1 inhibited adherence of S20Y cells to GM1-coated wells, indicating that the carbohydrate moiety of GM1 bore the recognition site.	Carbohydrates	110-122	coenzyme Q10A	Mus musculus	72-75
2407342-9	1990	A diet high in protein markedly increased ada mRNA and alkyltransferase activity within 1 week in both liver and kidney, whereas a high carbohydrate diet for 1 week markedly reduced expression of PEPCK ada and alkyltransferase levels.	Carbohydrates	136-148	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1, cytosolic	Mus musculus	196-201
2227121-1	1990	The importance of portal insulin delivery in the regulation of postprandial carbohydrate metabolism is uncertain.	Carbohydrates	76-88	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	25-32
2227121-8	1990	Our data indicate that, despite differences in systemic insulin concentration, portal and peripheral insulin delivery comparably regulate hepatic and extrahepatic carbohydrate metabolism after meal ingestion.	Carbohydrates	163-175	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	101-108
12106058-6	1990	These observations, together with previous studies on the L2/HNK-1 glycan (Kunemund et al., 1988), indicate that adhesion molecules carry various carbohydrate epitopes mediating different cell interactions in in vitro assays.	Carbohydrates	146-158	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	61-66
1967906-8	1990	Force feeding suckling rats with a mixture of fat devoid of carbohydrate induced a slight increase in plasma insulin concentration and a fall in PEPCK mRNA but was not accompanied by a rise in lipogenic enzyme mRNAs.	Carbohydrates	60-72	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	145-150
30862833-9	2019	Furthermore, some Kub proteins involved in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, including FBPase, FBA and GAD1, might promote sucrose, fructose and GABA accumulation in tea leaves under drought stress.	Carbohydrates	43-55	glutamate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	109-113
7925385-6	1994	These results clearly show that lysosomal enzymes are mistargeted in MPR 46-deficient mice and that carbohydrate-specific endocytotic receptors are part of the mechanisms that compensate for the mistargeting of lysosomal enzymes in MPR 46-deficient mice.	Carbohydrates	100-112	mannose-6-phosphate receptor, cation dependent	Mus musculus	69-75
7925385-6	1994	These results clearly show that lysosomal enzymes are mistargeted in MPR 46-deficient mice and that carbohydrate-specific endocytotic receptors are part of the mechanisms that compensate for the mistargeting of lysosomal enzymes in MPR 46-deficient mice.	Carbohydrates	100-112	mannose-6-phosphate receptor, cation dependent	Mus musculus	232-238
34992516-10	2021	Postprandial BDNF concentrations in serum decreased significantly after the high-fat (P = 0.013) and high-carbohydrate meals (P = 0.040), and showed a trend after the high-protein meal (P = 0.076).	Carbohydrates	106-118	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	13-17
34975875-2	2021	Over the past decades, increasing evidence gathered from in vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that members of the galectin family specifically bind to both intracellular and membrane bound carbohydrate ligands regulating angiogenesis, immune-cell adaptations required to tolerate the fetal semi-allograft and mammalian embryogenesis.	Carbohydrates	194-206	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	179-193
34532767-1	2021	AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The mammalian enzyme glucokinase (GK), expressed predominantly in liver and pancreas, plays an essential role in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	130-142	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	38-49
34532767-1	2021	AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The mammalian enzyme glucokinase (GK), expressed predominantly in liver and pancreas, plays an essential role in carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	130-142	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	51-53
34778387-1	2021	Background and Aims: Patients with light-chain cardiac amyloidosis (AL-CA) are characterized by high levels of serum carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA 125).	Carbohydrates	117-129	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	143-149
34385064-4	2021	Adverse modifications in carbohydrate metabolism were observed in larvae: hexokinase (HK) activity, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content were significantly decreased; and transcript expression of genes (GK, HK1, and PCK1) was also significantly changed.	Carbohydrates	25-37	hexokinase 1	Danio rerio	251-254
34303773-8	2021	Results indicated that obesity and DEHP synergistically regulated carbohydrate uptake, lipolysis, and abnormality of adipose tissue, via the upstream regulators Pparg, Lipe, Cd44, and Irs1.	Carbohydrates	66-78	lipase, hormone sensitive	Mus musculus	168-172
34303773-8	2021	Results indicated that obesity and DEHP synergistically regulated carbohydrate uptake, lipolysis, and abnormality of adipose tissue, via the upstream regulators Pparg, Lipe, Cd44, and Irs1.	Carbohydrates	66-78	CD44 antigen	Mus musculus	174-178
34242650-7	2021	The interaction of GRP94 to the major carbohydrate digesting enzyme and regulating its folding as well as retaining SI mutants in the ER points to a potential role of GRP94 in maintenance of intestinal homeostasis by chaperoning and stabilizing SI.	Carbohydrates	38-50	heat shock protein 90 beta family member 1	Homo sapiens	19-24
34180312-1	2022	OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the association between quality and quantity of carbohydrate by assessing low carbohydrates diet score (LCDS), carbohydrate quality score (CQI), glycemic index (GI), dietary glycemic load (GL), and dietary carbohydrate intake, and risk of breast cancer (BrCa) among Iranian women.	Carbohydrates	83-95	BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	289-293
34180312-7	2022	An increase in odds of BrCa among women in the highest tertiles of GL (P = 0.12), GI (P = 0.48), and dietary carbohydrate intake (P = 0.06) was seen, which was not statistically significant.	Carbohydrates	109-121	BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	23-27
34130710-3	2021	MdFRK2, which encodes a key fructokinase (FRK) in apple, showed especially high affinity to fructose and regulated carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	115-127	probable fructokinase-4	Malus domestica	28-40
34130710-3	2021	MdFRK2, which encodes a key fructokinase (FRK) in apple, showed especially high affinity to fructose and regulated carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	115-127	probable fructokinase-4	Malus domestica	42-45
34112916-1	2021	Recently, we involved the carbohydrate-binding protein Galectin-3 (Gal-3) as a druggable target for KRAS-mutant-addicted lung and pancreatic cancers.	Carbohydrates	26-38	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	100-104
34135905-16	2021	Conclusions: The expression of four mentioned carbohydrate Lewis antigens and their potential modulators, ST3GAL6 and NEU1, in the placenta of patients with miscarriages was significantly different from the normal pregnancy.	Carbohydrates	46-58	ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 6	Homo sapiens	106-113
35587946-6	2022	ASSESSMENT: A clinical model was constructed with clinical factors (age, gender, carcinoembryonic antigen level, and carbohydrate antigen 199 level) and MRI features (tumor length, tumor location, tumor stage, lymph node stage, and extramural vascular invasion), and two DL models based on modified MobileNetV2 architecture were evaluated for diagnosing KRAS mutation based on T2WI alone (image model) or both T2WI and clinical factors (combined model).	Carbohydrates	117-129	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	354-358
35269382-4	2022	Distinct carbohydrate structures, bound to ECM molecules like Tenascin C (TNC), are associated with neural stem/progenitor cells.	Carbohydrates	9-21	tenascin C	Homo sapiens	62-72
35269382-4	2022	Distinct carbohydrate structures, bound to ECM molecules like Tenascin C (TNC), are associated with neural stem/progenitor cells.	Carbohydrates	9-21	tenascin C	Homo sapiens	74-77
32306360-3	2020	Our recent study revealed that the stem domain of POMGNT1 has a carbohydrate-binding ability, which recognizes the GalNAcbeta1-3GlcNAc structure.	Carbohydrates	64-76	protein O-linked mannose N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 (beta 1,2-)	Homo sapiens	50-57
35450992-8	2022	We found an inverse association between energy, protein and carbohydrate intake with S-Klotho plasma levels in women (all P<=0.043), which disappeared after controlling for age, lean mass index and sedentary time.	Carbohydrates	60-72	klotho	Homo sapiens	87-93
32306360-5	2020	This protocol describes methods to assess the carbohydrate-binding activity of the POMGNT1 stem domain.	Carbohydrates	46-58	protein O-linked mannose N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 (beta 1,2-)	Homo sapiens	83-90
31956828-3	2020	Anti-CD25 antibodies were immobilized by covalent linking between the sugar moiety of the antibody and the phenylboronic acid group on the peptide nanosheet.	Carbohydrates	70-75	interleukin 2 receptor, alpha chain	Mus musculus	5-9
31690632-5	2019	Using a liver-specific SCD1 knockout (LKO) mouse model fed a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet (HCD), we show that hepatic SCD1 deficiency increases systemic glucose uptake.	Carbohydrates	66-78	stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1	Mus musculus	121-125
31861875-9	2019	Binding assays with the deletion mutants of Galectin-8, comprising either of the two carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD), revealed that K-Ras4B only interacts with the N-CRD, but not with the C-CRD.	Carbohydrates	85-97	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	139-146
31553164-1	2019	Sweet taste receptor, a heterodimer belonging to the class C G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family and composed of the T1R2 and T1R3 subunits, is responsible for the perception of natural sugars, sweet proteins, various d-amino acids, as well as artificial sweeteners.	Carbohydrates	191-197	taste 1 receptor member 2	Homo sapiens	122-126
31744922-14	2019	In addition to regulating genes for metabolism of nonglucose sugars, we found that Crp regulates genes for virulence, metal acquisition, and quorum sensing by direct or indirect mechanisms.	Carbohydrates	61-67	C-reactive protein, pentraxin-related	Mus musculus	83-86
31712597-2	2019	Phosphorylation of PDH by one of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases 1-4 (PDK1-4) decreases the flux of carbohydrates into the TCA cycle.	Carbohydrates	103-116	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isoenzyme 3	Mus musculus	37-71
31419443-8	2019	Bioinformatic analyses suggest that upregulated GATA3 and TAL1 activate ALDH1A2 and then disrupt amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism, which may increase the risk of HCC.	Carbohydrates	112-124	GATA binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	48-53
31404475-0	2019	The Plasticity of Carbohydrate Recognition Domain Dictates the Exquisite Mechanism of Binding of Human Macrophage Galactose-Type Lectin.	Carbohydrates	18-30	C-type lectin domain containing 10A	Homo sapiens	103-135
31404475-3	2019	NMR analysis of the MGL carbohydrate recognition domain (MGL-CRD, C181-H316) in the absence and presence of alpha-methyl GalNAc (alpha-MeGalNAc), a simple monosaccharide, shows that the MGL-CRD is highly dynamic and its structure is strongly altered upon ligand binding.	Carbohydrates	24-36	C-type lectin domain containing 10A	Homo sapiens	20-23
31404475-3	2019	NMR analysis of the MGL carbohydrate recognition domain (MGL-CRD, C181-H316) in the absence and presence of alpha-methyl GalNAc (alpha-MeGalNAc), a simple monosaccharide, shows that the MGL-CRD is highly dynamic and its structure is strongly altered upon ligand binding.	Carbohydrates	24-36	C-type lectin domain containing 10A	Homo sapiens	57-60
31404475-3	2019	NMR analysis of the MGL carbohydrate recognition domain (MGL-CRD, C181-H316) in the absence and presence of alpha-methyl GalNAc (alpha-MeGalNAc), a simple monosaccharide, shows that the MGL-CRD is highly dynamic and its structure is strongly altered upon ligand binding.	Carbohydrates	24-36	C-type lectin domain containing 10A	Homo sapiens	57-60
31702035-3	2019	G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (TGR5) is a G-protein-coupled receptor activated by various bile acids, which has been reported to act as a key adaptor in regulating various signaling pathways involved in inflammatory responses and a diverse array of physiological processes, including bile acid synthesis, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, carcinogenesis, immunity and inflammation.	Carbohydrates	324-336	G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1	Mus musculus	0-38
31702035-3	2019	G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (TGR5) is a G-protein-coupled receptor activated by various bile acids, which has been reported to act as a key adaptor in regulating various signaling pathways involved in inflammatory responses and a diverse array of physiological processes, including bile acid synthesis, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, carcinogenesis, immunity and inflammation.	Carbohydrates	324-336	G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1	Mus musculus	40-44
31673045-0	2019	Hepatic Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 deficiency-mediated activation of mTORC1- PGC-1alpha axis regulates ER stress during high-carbohydrate feeding.	Carbohydrates	124-136	stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1	Mus musculus	8-33
31451493-7	2019	Dynamic changes in the respiratory exchange ratio during exercise indicated that LFABP-/- mice use more carbohydrate in the beginning of an exercise period and then switch to using lipids preferentially in the later stage.	Carbohydrates	104-116	fatty acid binding protein 1, liver	Mus musculus	81-86
31686980-12	2019	We demonstrated a positive correlation between daily carbohydrate intake and IL-10 and a negative correlation between TNF-alpha and % of energy intake recommended, carbohydrate and fiber intakes.	Carbohydrates	53-65	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	77-82
31559750-3	2019	SnRK1 participates in a range of physiological processes including sugar metabolism and resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses.	Carbohydrates	67-72	snRK1	Triticum aestivum	0-5
31500345-4	2019	Riboflavin plays a crucial role in cells since its biologically active forms, FMN and FAD, are essential for the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids.	Carbohydrates	127-140	BRCA2 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	86-89
31377934-6	2019	Recent molecular studies have also identified insulin-independent mechanisms by which hepatocytes sense intrahepatic carbohydrate levels to regulate carbohydrate disposal.	Carbohydrates	117-129	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	46-53
31377934-6	2019	Recent molecular studies have also identified insulin-independent mechanisms by which hepatocytes sense intrahepatic carbohydrate levels to regulate carbohydrate disposal.	Carbohydrates	149-161	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	46-53
31076013-2	2019	Multiple studies have revealed that GDF-15, a distant member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) family, acts as a critical hormone to regulate lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	168-180	growth differentiation factor 15	Homo sapiens	36-42
31090093-2	2019	But these two therapies are largely twentieth-century innovations, and the ABH and related carbohydrate antigens are not only expressed on a very wide range of human tissues, but were present in primates long before modern humans evolved.	Carbohydrates	91-103	alkB homolog 1, histone H2A dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	75-78
31267310-4	2019	The theoretical results also confirmed the stereoselectivity of two 32CA reactions of thioketone with carbohydrate-derived nitrones with the anti-form product being more favored than the syn-form product, and the predicted anti/syn product ratios are in agreement with the experimental ones in literature.	Carbohydrates	102-114	synemin	Homo sapiens	187-190
31267310-4	2019	The theoretical results also confirmed the stereoselectivity of two 32CA reactions of thioketone with carbohydrate-derived nitrones with the anti-form product being more favored than the syn-form product, and the predicted anti/syn product ratios are in agreement with the experimental ones in literature.	Carbohydrates	102-114	synemin	Homo sapiens	228-231
31269107-0	2019	A low-protein, high carbohydrate diet induces increase in serum adiponectin and preserves glucose homeostasis in rats.	Carbohydrates	20-32	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	64-75
30630736-9	2019	Similar findings were found in Soat2-/- mice fed high-carbohydrate, low-cholesterol diet.	Carbohydrates	54-66	sterol O-acyltransferase 2	Mus musculus	31-36
31070258-2	2019	But these two therapies are largely twentieth century innovations, and the ABH and related carbohydrate antigens are not only expressed on a very wide range of human tissues, but were present in primates long before modern humans evolved.	Carbohydrates	91-103	alkB homolog 1, histone H2A dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	75-78
31261864-7	2019	PP13 acts through its carbohydrate recognition domain that binds to sugar residues of extracellular and connective tissue molecules, thus inducing structural stabilization of vessel expansion.	Carbohydrates	22-34	galectin 13	Homo sapiens	0-4
31018027-0	2019	Carbohydrate Self-Assembly at Surfaces: STM Imaging of Sucrose Conformation and Ordering on Cu(100).	Carbohydrates	0-12	sulfotransferase family 1A member 3	Homo sapiens	40-43
30788696-4	2019	Our results show that, at the molecular level, the mRNA abundance of the important glycolytic (PK) and gluconeogenic (PEPCK) enzymes in cobia liver are regulated by dietary carbohydrate-to-lipid (CHO:L) ratios and nutritional status (fed, unfed, and refed).	Carbohydrates	173-185	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase	Oncorhynchus mykiss	118-123
30944476-4	2019	In humans, ACLY links carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and is strongly expressed in liver and adipose tissue1 and in cholinergic neurons2,7.	Carbohydrates	22-34	ATP citrate lyase	Homo sapiens	11-15
30760563-5	2019	By combining vesicle isolation with a large-scale carbohydrate antibody arraying technique, we charted an initial large-scale map describing the glycome profile of the SYNTAXIN OF PLANTS61 (SYP61) trans-Golgi network compartment in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana).	Carbohydrates	50-62	syntaxin of plants 61	Arabidopsis thaliana	168-188
30760563-5	2019	By combining vesicle isolation with a large-scale carbohydrate antibody arraying technique, we charted an initial large-scale map describing the glycome profile of the SYNTAXIN OF PLANTS61 (SYP61) trans-Golgi network compartment in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana).	Carbohydrates	50-62	syntaxin of plants 61	Arabidopsis thaliana	190-195
30899527-9	2019	Evidence from randomized controlled trials indicated that plant-derived PUFA as an isocaloric replacement for SFA or carbohydrates probably reduces fasting insulin and HOMA-IR in populations without diabetes.	Carbohydrates	117-130	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	72-76
30788740-2	2019	Natural IgM antibodies to the tetrasaccharide containing epitopes similar to surface carbohydrate structures of mammalian and human cells in low titers were determined in native mouse serum by ELISA using biotinylated tetrasaccharide and synthetic capsular polysaccharide as the solid-phase antigens.	Carbohydrates	85-97	immunoglobulin heavy constant mu	Mus musculus	8-11
30761272-3	2019	Expression of a specific carbohydrate ligand for the immune-regulatory C-type lectin MGL was correlated to poor disease-specific survival and distant recurrences in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC), the most common histological subtypes of cervical cancer.	Carbohydrates	25-37	C-type lectin domain containing 10A	Homo sapiens	85-88
30180325-7	2019	Gene expression analysis showed that the PhACs-mediated effects on the carbohydrate content of fruits can be attributed, at least to some extent, to the significant modulation of the abundance of transcripts related to the biosynthesis and catabolism of sucrose, such as SlSuSys, SlLin5 and SlLin7.	Carbohydrates	71-83	cell-wall invertase	Solanum lycopersicum	291-297
30400998-2	2019	We speculated that dietary fermentable carbohydrates including oligosaccharides commonly elevate colonic ALP and gene expression as well as increase mucin secretion and microbial fermentation.	Carbohydrates	39-52	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	149-154
31580197-0	2019	BIG regulates sugar response and C/N balance in Arabidopsis.	Carbohydrates	14-19	auxin transport protein (BIG)	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-3
31580197-2	2019	However, the role of BIG gene in sugar signaling is not known.	Carbohydrates	33-38	auxin transport protein (BIG)	Arabidopsis thaliana	21-24
31580197-3	2019	In this study, we first found that BIG deficiency significantly sensitized the sugar-induced anthocyanin accumulation and the sugar-inhibited primary root growth, suggesting BIG is an important component of the sugar signaling pathway.	Carbohydrates	79-84	auxin transport protein (BIG)	Arabidopsis thaliana	35-38
31580197-3	2019	In this study, we first found that BIG deficiency significantly sensitized the sugar-induced anthocyanin accumulation and the sugar-inhibited primary root growth, suggesting BIG is an important component of the sugar signaling pathway.	Carbohydrates	79-84	auxin transport protein (BIG)	Arabidopsis thaliana	174-177
31580197-3	2019	In this study, we first found that BIG deficiency significantly sensitized the sugar-induced anthocyanin accumulation and the sugar-inhibited primary root growth, suggesting BIG is an important component of the sugar signaling pathway.	Carbohydrates	126-131	auxin transport protein (BIG)	Arabidopsis thaliana	35-38
31580197-3	2019	In this study, we first found that BIG deficiency significantly sensitized the sugar-induced anthocyanin accumulation and the sugar-inhibited primary root growth, suggesting BIG is an important component of the sugar signaling pathway.	Carbohydrates	126-131	auxin transport protein (BIG)	Arabidopsis thaliana	174-177
31580197-3	2019	In this study, we first found that BIG deficiency significantly sensitized the sugar-induced anthocyanin accumulation and the sugar-inhibited primary root growth, suggesting BIG is an important component of the sugar signaling pathway.	Carbohydrates	126-131	auxin transport protein (BIG)	Arabidopsis thaliana	35-38
31580197-3	2019	In this study, we first found that BIG deficiency significantly sensitized the sugar-induced anthocyanin accumulation and the sugar-inhibited primary root growth, suggesting BIG is an important component of the sugar signaling pathway.	Carbohydrates	126-131	auxin transport protein (BIG)	Arabidopsis thaliana	174-177
31580197-4	2019	Then we found that big mutant plants had higher sugar levels compared with the wild type, indicating the involvement of BIG gene in regulating plant sugar homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	48-53	auxin transport protein (BIG)	Arabidopsis thaliana	19-22
30613787-1	2018	Objective: We assessed the correlation between serum carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).	Carbohydrates	53-65	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	79-84
30361436-2	2018	Some studies, however, show that flavonoids inhibit GLUT1-mediated, facilitative glucose transport, raising the possibility that their interaction with GLUT1 and subsequent downstream effects on carbohydrate metabolism may also impact health.	Carbohydrates	195-207	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	52-57
30352217-4	2018	Here we report that dietary nutrients, particularly proteins and carbohydrates, modulate the developmental timing through the CDK8/CycC/EcR pathway.	Carbohydrates	65-78	Cyclin C	Drosophila melanogaster	131-135
32254755-0	2018	Dual stimuli-responsive saccharide core based nanocarrier for efficient Birc5-shRNA delivery.	Carbohydrates	24-34	baculoviral IAP repeat containing 5	Homo sapiens	72-77
30396153-5	2018	CAR-linked genes showed either stimulation or inhibition and regulated lipid, carbohydrate, and energy metabolism, as well as detoxification.	Carbohydrates	78-90	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
30555512-7	2018	A significant association in the co-regulation of gene expression was found between H3K18ac and the transcription factors Pip2 (involved in fatty acids metabolism), Xbp1 (cyclin implicated in the regulation of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism), and Hfi1 (involved in the formation of the SAGA complex).	Carbohydrates	210-222	Xbp1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	165-169
30555512-7	2018	A significant association in the co-regulation of gene expression was found between H3K18ac and the transcription factors Pip2 (involved in fatty acids metabolism), Xbp1 (cyclin implicated in the regulation of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism), and Hfi1 (involved in the formation of the SAGA complex).	Carbohydrates	210-222	Hfi1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	255-259
30098464-7	2018	The enzyme immobilization was carried out through covalent esterification between the boronic acid moiety and the carbohydrate part of GOx.	Carbohydrates	114-126	hydroxyacid oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	135-138
29859304-10	2018	Tea-Xa (12.8 yield; 39.3% carbohydrate, including 25.8% uronic acid; 4% protein) reduced macroscopic damage (62%) and MPO activity (50%).	Carbohydrates	26-38	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	118-121
30283487-3	2018	In leaves, ETHE1 is strongly induced by extended darkness and participates in the use of amino acids as alternative respiratory substrates during carbohydrate starvation.	Carbohydrates	146-158	glyoxalase II 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	11-16
30232002-4	2018	We found that serine protease homologs (SPHs) are enriched among genes that are transcriptionally regulated in flies deprived of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	129-142	Jonah 99Ci	Drosophila melanogaster	14-29
30209318-7	2018	Our work provides an explanation for the specific recognition of triple-helical beta-(1,6)-branched beta-(1,3)-D-glucans by JoJ48C11 and provides another structure example for anti-carbohydrate antibodies.	Carbohydrates	181-193	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	80-89
30125544-1	2018	BACKGROUND: The addition of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) to carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) in ovarian cancer (OC) assessment has been proposed.	Carbohydrates	64-76	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	90-95
29916701-2	2018	Anti-rhamnose (anti-Rha) antibodies are some of the most common natural anti-carbohydrate antibodies present in human serum.	Carbohydrates	77-89	DEAH (Asp-Glu-Ala-His) box polypeptide 9	Mus musculus	20-23
29999510-8	2018	PUFA in breast milk was negatively correlated with the intake of protein, fat and meat, but positively correlated with the intake of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	133-146	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	0-4
28651828-7	2018	There was a positive correlation between carbohydrate oxidation and UCP3 (r = 0.609; p = 0.04), PLIN1 (r = 0.882; p = 0.00) and PPARG2 (r = 0.791; p = 0.00) expression before dietary intervention and with UCP3 (r = 0.682; p = 0.02) and PLIN1 (r = 0.745; p = 0.00) genes after 6 weeks of intervention.	Carbohydrates	41-53	uncoupling protein 3	Homo sapiens	68-72
28651828-7	2018	There was a positive correlation between carbohydrate oxidation and UCP3 (r = 0.609; p = 0.04), PLIN1 (r = 0.882; p = 0.00) and PPARG2 (r = 0.791; p = 0.00) expression before dietary intervention and with UCP3 (r = 0.682; p = 0.02) and PLIN1 (r = 0.745; p = 0.00) genes after 6 weeks of intervention.	Carbohydrates	41-53	uncoupling protein 3	Homo sapiens	205-209
28651828-7	2018	There was a positive correlation between carbohydrate oxidation and UCP3 (r = 0.609; p = 0.04), PLIN1 (r = 0.882; p = 0.00) and PPARG2 (r = 0.791; p = 0.00) expression before dietary intervention and with UCP3 (r = 0.682; p = 0.02) and PLIN1 (r = 0.745; p = 0.00) genes after 6 weeks of intervention.	Carbohydrates	41-53	perilipin 1	Homo sapiens	236-241
28651828-9	2018	CONCLUSION: Hypocaloric diet reduces UCP3 expression in individuals with obesity and the UCP3, PLIN1 and PPARG2 expression correlate positively with carbohydrate oxidation and negatively with lipid oxidation.	Carbohydrates	149-161	uncoupling protein 3	Homo sapiens	37-41
28651828-9	2018	CONCLUSION: Hypocaloric diet reduces UCP3 expression in individuals with obesity and the UCP3, PLIN1 and PPARG2 expression correlate positively with carbohydrate oxidation and negatively with lipid oxidation.	Carbohydrates	149-161	uncoupling protein 3	Homo sapiens	89-93
28651828-9	2018	CONCLUSION: Hypocaloric diet reduces UCP3 expression in individuals with obesity and the UCP3, PLIN1 and PPARG2 expression correlate positively with carbohydrate oxidation and negatively with lipid oxidation.	Carbohydrates	149-161	perilipin 1	Homo sapiens	95-100
29327320-4	2018	These isolate extracts exhibit the highest reducing activities against carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes including alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, beta-glucosidase, beta-glucuronidase, and tyrosinase.	Carbohydrates	71-83	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	191-201
29951070-13	2018	Through modifying specific residues around the saccharide binding pocket, antiviral activity of isolated lectin domains of SP-D can be markedly increased for seasonal strains of IAV.	Carbohydrates	47-57	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	123-127
29510322-4	2018	The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the ablation of TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) alters fat mass and insulin resistance induced by a highly refined carbohydrate-containing (HC) diet.	Carbohydrates	152-164	tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1a	Mus musculus	62-76
29510322-4	2018	The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the ablation of TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) alters fat mass and insulin resistance induced by a highly refined carbohydrate-containing (HC) diet.	Carbohydrates	152-164	tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1a	Mus musculus	78-83
29771909-0	2018	Receptors of intermediates of carbohydrate metabolism, GPR91 and GPR99, mediate axon growth.	Carbohydrates	30-42	succinate receptor 1	Homo sapiens	55-60
29771909-3	2018	Here, we report that the carbohydrate metabolites succinate and alpha-ketoglutarate (alpha-KG) and their respective receptor-GPR91 and GPR99-are involved in modulating retinal ganglion cell (RGC) projections toward the thalamus during visual system development.	Carbohydrates	25-37	succinate receptor 1	Homo sapiens	125-130
29237123-12	2018	We demonstrate that the glycan epitopes of heterofunctional conjugates engage and cluster target B-cell receptors and CD22 receptors on B cells, supporting the application of these reagents for investigating cellular response to carbohydrate antigens of the ABO blood group system.	Carbohydrates	229-241	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	258-261
29284135-4	2018	Our results showed that MUD 1 presented the highest (P &lt; .05) fiber, protein, carbohydrate, polyphenol and flavonoid concentration, as well as the highest (P &lt; .05) total antioxidant capacity than the MUD 2 samples.	Carbohydrates	81-93	small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide A	Homo sapiens	24-29
29071379-1	2018	MAIN CONCLUSION: Studies in cell wall bound invertase mutants indicate that the promoter of the transfer cell-specific transcription factor, ZmMRP - 1 , is modulated by the carbohydrate balance.	Carbohydrates	173-185	multidrug resistance protein associated 1	Zea mays	141-150
29346768-0	2018	Activation of AMPK-Regulated CRH Neurons in the PVH is Sufficient and Necessary to Induce Dietary Preference for Carbohydrate over Fat.	Carbohydrates	113-125	corticotropin releasing hormone	Mus musculus	29-32
28888730-11	2018	In addition, TAS1R2 methylation at cg15743657 was strongly correlated with total energy (p &lt; 0.0001) and carbohydrate intakes (p &lt; 0.0001).	Carbohydrates	108-120	taste 1 receptor member 2	Homo sapiens	13-19
29142050-5	2018	In vitro, recombinant collectin-11 potently promoted leukocyte migration and renal fibroblast proliferation in a carbohydrate-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	113-125	collectin sub-family member 11	Mus musculus	22-34
29238025-1	2018	Edible fats and oils are among the basic components of the human diet, along with carbohydrates and proteins, and they are the source of high energy and essential fatty acids such as linoleic and linolenic acids.	Carbohydrates	82-95	chromosome 10 open reading frame 90	Homo sapiens	7-11
28767134-7	2017	Collectively, our results support the contention that ETF/ETFQO is an essential pathway to donate electrons to the mETC and that amino acids are alternative substrates to maintain respiration under carbohydrate starvation.	Carbohydrates	198-210	electron-transfer flavoprotein:ubiquinone oxidoreductase	Arabidopsis thaliana	58-63
29146985-0	2017	Drosophila muscles regulate the immune response against wasp infection via carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	75-87	WASp	Drosophila melanogaster	56-60
29110749-0	2017	Salivary leptin and TAS1R2/TAS1R3 polymorphisms are related to sweet taste sensitivity and carbohydrate intake from a buffet meal in healthy young adults.	Carbohydrates	91-103	taste 1 receptor member 2	Homo sapiens	20-26
29110749-10	2017	Alleles from each TAS1R2 locus (GG compared with AA alleles of rs12033832, and CT/CC compared with TT alleles of rs35874116) were related to higher consumption of carbohydrates (% energy) and higher amount of sweet foods, respectively (P&lt;0 05).	Carbohydrates	163-176	taste 1 receptor member 2	Homo sapiens	18-24
29228713-2	2017	The LTQ Orbitrap LC-MS/MS mass spectrometry analysis of cell surface TF-Ag proteome of metastatic prostate cancer cells reveals that several cell surface glycoproteins expressing this carbohydrate antigen in prostate cancer (CD44, alpha2 integrin, beta1 integrin, CD49f, CD133, CD59, EphA2, CD138, transferrin receptor, profilin) are either known as stem cell markers or control important cancer stem-like cell functions.	Carbohydrates	184-196	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Homo sapiens	225-229
29228713-2	2017	The LTQ Orbitrap LC-MS/MS mass spectrometry analysis of cell surface TF-Ag proteome of metastatic prostate cancer cells reveals that several cell surface glycoproteins expressing this carbohydrate antigen in prostate cancer (CD44, alpha2 integrin, beta1 integrin, CD49f, CD133, CD59, EphA2, CD138, transferrin receptor, profilin) are either known as stem cell markers or control important cancer stem-like cell functions.	Carbohydrates	184-196	integrin subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	248-262
29228713-2	2017	The LTQ Orbitrap LC-MS/MS mass spectrometry analysis of cell surface TF-Ag proteome of metastatic prostate cancer cells reveals that several cell surface glycoproteins expressing this carbohydrate antigen in prostate cancer (CD44, alpha2 integrin, beta1 integrin, CD49f, CD133, CD59, EphA2, CD138, transferrin receptor, profilin) are either known as stem cell markers or control important cancer stem-like cell functions.	Carbohydrates	184-196	integrin subunit alpha 6	Homo sapiens	264-269
29228713-2	2017	The LTQ Orbitrap LC-MS/MS mass spectrometry analysis of cell surface TF-Ag proteome of metastatic prostate cancer cells reveals that several cell surface glycoproteins expressing this carbohydrate antigen in prostate cancer (CD44, alpha2 integrin, beta1 integrin, CD49f, CD133, CD59, EphA2, CD138, transferrin receptor, profilin) are either known as stem cell markers or control important cancer stem-like cell functions.	Carbohydrates	184-196	EPH receptor A2	Homo sapiens	284-289
28500945-4	2017	In this study, a sensitive and specific carbohydrate-based electrochemical biosensor was designed for the detection and quantification of a protein model of AMF, namely phosphoglucose isomerase from rabbit muscle (RmPGI).	Carbohydrates	40-52	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	157-160
28583802-2	2017	A matched sufficient pre- and post-natal diet, which has high carbohydrate and normal iron content (LF12), increased inflammatory gene expression markers in adult livers that were suppressed by GVAD and Cyp1b1 deletion.	Carbohydrates	62-74	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	203-209
28748699-0	2017	1,3-syn-Diaxial Repulsion of Typical Protecting Groups Used in Carbohydrate Chemistry in 3-O-Substituted Derivatives of Isopropyl d-Idopyranosides.	Carbohydrates	63-75	synemin	Homo sapiens	4-7
28679759-4	2017	In order to define the regions within GP1 that interact with the cellular receptors, we implemented insertional mutagenesis, carbohydrate shielding, and alanine scanning mutagenesis.	Carbohydrates	125-137	GTP binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	38-41
28799896-4	2017	Intracerebroventricular administration of NPGL induced de novo lipogenesis in WAT, increased insulin, and it selectively induced carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	129-141	family with sequence similarity 237 member A	Rattus norvegicus	42-46
28824609-3	2017	SP-D binds to gp120, the envelope protein expressed on HIV-1, through its C-type lectin or carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	91-103	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	0-4
28303635-2	2017	Upon carbohydrate-recognition by pattern-recognition molecules, eg, mannan-binding lectin (MBL), the MBL-associated serine protease (MASP-2) is activated and initiates the complement cascade.	Carbohydrates	5-17	MBL associated serine protease 2	Homo sapiens	133-139
27816437-9	2017	The energy derived from carbohydrates was significantly lower on both Def-EX (48.3+-9.0%) and Def-EI (44.4+-17.3%) compare with CON (61.1+-10.1%) (p&lt;0.05).	Carbohydrates	24-37	UTP25 small subunit processome component	Homo sapiens	70-73
27816437-9	2017	The energy derived from carbohydrates was significantly lower on both Def-EX (48.3+-9.0%) and Def-EI (44.4+-17.3%) compare with CON (61.1+-10.1%) (p&lt;0.05).	Carbohydrates	24-37	UTP25 small subunit processome component	Homo sapiens	94-97
28383716-4	2017	We identified hundreds of mRNAs regulated by GLD4, several of which are involved in carbohydrate metabolism including GLUT1, a major glucose transporter.	Carbohydrates	84-96	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	118-123
27997257-5	2017	Carbohydrate comprising fructose and maltodextrin was ingested every 20 min via commercial drink, gel, bar, or mix of all 3, providing 80 g carbohydrate h-1.	Carbohydrates	0-12	paired box 5	Homo sapiens	118-123
28244492-10	2017	CONCLUSIONS: Despite higher caloric intake and elevated body weights, carbohydrate restriction lowered serum MCP-1 levels, reduced prostate macrophage infiltration, reduced prostate weight, but failed to slow adenocarcinoma development.	Carbohydrates	70-82	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	109-114
28418238-5	2017	These data suggest that known differences in the specific configuration/orientation of the carbohydrate recognition domains of MGL and ASGPR are responsible for the differences in binding observed between the different polymers of varied chain length and architecture.	Carbohydrates	91-103	C-type lectin domain containing 10A	Homo sapiens	127-130
28448534-9	2017	Together, we identified miR-21 as cardioprotective downstream target of Per2 and suggest intense light therapy as a potential strategy to enhance miR-21 activity and subsequent carbohydrate metabolism in humans.	Carbohydrates	177-189	period circadian regulator 2	Homo sapiens	72-76
28422159-5	2017	Moreover, PAPLA1 has an important role in the glycogen metabolism, being required for expression of several regulators of carbohydrate metabolism and for glycogen storage.	Carbohydrates	122-134	Phosphatidic Acid Phospholipase A1	Drosophila melanogaster	10-16
28228143-15	2017	Metabonomics identified a BMI-independent association between AMY1 activity and lactate, a product of complex carbohydrate fermentation.	Carbohydrates	110-122	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	62-66
27957777-2	2017	Herein, for the first time, taking advantage of thiol-ene chemistry coupled to solid-phase peptide synthesis, a self-assembling peptide inspired by elastin protein was bioconjugated to three carbohydrates in order to obtain the corresponding glycopeptides.	Carbohydrates	191-204	elastin	Homo sapiens	148-155
28138346-4	2017	The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of high carbohydrate diet (68%) on the expression of elongase (Elovl-2, Elovl-5, and Elovl-6) and desaturase ( 5D,  6D, Scd 1, Scd 2) genes and the activity of the enzymes.	Carbohydrates	59-71	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Rattus norvegicus	171-176
29402779-8	2017	CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that the combination of genetic variations in CNDP1 and CNDP2 and dietary carbohydrate/carotene intake modulate obesity risk.	Carbohydrates	109-121	carnosine dipeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	91-96
27750011-2	2016	Here, a micelle based on polysialic acid (PSA), which is a hydrophilic and endogenous carbohydrate polymer, was designed to deliver calmodulin antagonist for therapy of vascular dementia.	Carbohydrates	86-98	calmodulin 2	Mus musculus	132-142
27816838-3	2016	We anticipate that the bench-stable and inexpensive Ni(OTf)2, coupled with little to no extra laboratory training to set up the glycosylation reaction and no requirement of specialized equipment, should make this methodology be readily adopted by non-carbohydrate specialists.	Carbohydrates	251-263	POU class 2 homeobox 2	Homo sapiens	55-60
27893659-2	2016	Previous reports have shown that carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) is a sensitive marker of PD of gastric cancer.	Carbohydrates	33-45	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	59-64
27587399-2	2016	The ABO system is composed of complex carbohydrate structures that are biosynthesized by A- and B-transferases encoded by the ABO gene.	Carbohydrates	38-50	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	4-7
27587399-2	2016	The ABO system is composed of complex carbohydrate structures that are biosynthesized by A- and B-transferases encoded by the ABO gene.	Carbohydrates	38-50	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	126-129
27790218-1	2016	The C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) Mincle, Mcl, and Dectin-2 bind mycobacterial and fungal cell wall glycolipids and carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	117-130	C-type lectin domain family 4, member d	Mus musculus	43-46
27585546-5	2016	Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), a recognition subunit, binds to arrays of carbohydrates on the surfaces of pathogens, which results in the activation of MBL-associated serine protease-2 to trigger a downstream reaction cascade of complement system.	Carbohydrates	72-85	MBL associated serine protease 2	Homo sapiens	151-183
26914183-0	2016	Potato tuber expression of Arabidopsis WRINKLED1 increase triacylglycerol and membrane lipids while affecting central carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	118-130	Integrase-type DNA-binding superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	39-48
27460640-5	2016	Its predicted 3-dimensional model has identical folding patterns to FIP-fve and contains a partially conserved and more positively charged carbohydrates binding pocket.	Carbohydrates	139-152	upstream transcription factor 2, c-fos interacting	Homo sapiens	68-71
26744502-4	2016	To determine whether IgM in the patient contributed to the carbohydrate antigen 19-9 immunoassay, immunoprecipitation was performed.	Carbohydrates	59-71	immunoglobulin heavy constant mu	Mus musculus	21-24
26744502-9	2016	These results indicated that IgM in the patient"s serum interfered with the carbohydrate antigen 19-9 immunoassay using an AIA 1800 analyser.	Carbohydrates	76-88	immunoglobulin heavy constant mu	Mus musculus	29-32
26976120-6	2016	RESULTS: Lipogenic high-carbohydrate diets induced hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammation in SCD1 GKO and LKO mice.	Carbohydrates	24-36	stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1	Mus musculus	113-117
26935763-5	2016	The two other known carbohydrate antigenic targets on pig cells for human anti-pig antibodies are (i) the product of the cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) gene, i.e., N-glycolylneuraminic acid, and (ii) the product of the beta1,4 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase gene, i.e., the Sd(a) antigen.	Carbohydrates	20-32	beta-1,4 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2	Sus scrofa	254-295
27208257-0	2016	An Improved Variant of Soybean Type 1 Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase Increases the Oil Content and Decreases the Soluble Carbohydrate Content of Soybeans.	Carbohydrates	121-133	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1A	Glycine max	38-68
27208257-7	2016	The DGAT transgenes significantly reduced the soluble carbohydrate content of mature seeds and increased the seed protein content of some events.	Carbohydrates	54-66	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1A	Glycine max	4-8
27250970-3	2016	SP-A and SP-D, which are also known as pulmonary collectins, have an important function in the host"s lung immune response; they act as opsonins for different pathogens via a C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain and enhance the attachment to phagocytic cells or show their own microbicidal activity by increasing the cellular membrane permeability.	Carbohydrates	186-198	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	9-13
27250970-5	2016	SP-A and SP-D bind glucan and mannose residues from fungal cell wall, but there is still a lack of information on their binding to other fungal carbohydrate residues.	Carbohydrates	144-156	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	9-13
27174229-0	2016	Kinetic Basis of Carbohydrate-Mediated Inhibition of Human Glucokinase by the Glucokinase Regulatory Protein.	Carbohydrates	17-29	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	59-70
27174229-0	2016	Kinetic Basis of Carbohydrate-Mediated Inhibition of Human Glucokinase by the Glucokinase Regulatory Protein.	Carbohydrates	17-29	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	78-89
27242146-0	2016	Functions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ecm27p, a putative Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger, in calcium homeostasis, carbohydrate storage and cell cycle reentry from the quiescent phase.	Carbohydrates	105-117	Ecm27p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	38-44
26918919-3	2016	Oxytocin also decreases consumption driven by reward, especially as derived from ingesting carbohydrates and sweet tastants.	Carbohydrates	91-104	oxytocin/neurophysin I prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	0-8
26615007-3	2016	Among the altered proteins, the Apoa4 (involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism); Tagln, Actb (uptake of beta-glucan); Psma2 (associated with substrate recognition); and Ckt (energy metabolism-related) were the overexpressed ones.	Carbohydrates	51-63	apolipoprotein A-I	Salmo salar	32-37
26907331-3	2016	The sweet taste receptor TAS1R2 polymorphism (Ile191Val) has been reported to be associated with carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	97-109	taste 1 receptor member 2	Homo sapiens	25-31
26907331-4	2016	The aim of this study was to analyze the association of the TAS1R2 gene polymorphism with carbohydrate intake and HTG among the population of West Mexico.	Carbohydrates	90-102	taste 1 receptor member 2	Homo sapiens	60-66
26907331-10	2016	In conclusion, the Val/Val genotype of TAS1R2 was associated with a higher carbohydrate intake and HTG.	Carbohydrates	75-87	taste 1 receptor member 2	Homo sapiens	39-45
26447186-9	2016	Moreover, we showed that the carbohydrate-binding activity of galectin-3 was important for the regulation of EGFR activation, Sox2 expression and sphere formation.	Carbohydrates	29-41	SRY-box transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	126-130
26432949-0	2016	Recombinant expression, purification and preliminary biophysical and structural studies of C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain from human galectin-4.	Carbohydrates	102-114	galectin 4	Homo sapiens	145-155
26432949-3	2016	The functional data available for this class of proteins suggest that the wide spectrum of cellular activities reported for Gal4 relies on distinct glycan specificity and structural characteristics of its two carbohydrate recognition domains.	Carbohydrates	209-221	galectin 4	Homo sapiens	124-128
27818678-4	2016	The data highlights the central role of PPARG in milk fatty acid metabolism via controlling fatty acid elongation, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid, lipid formation, and lipid secretion; furthermore, its role related to carbohydrate metabolism promotes the production of intermediates required for milk fat synthesis.	Carbohydrates	226-238	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Capra hircus	40-45
27863762-0	2016	Structural diversity and biological importance of ABO, H, Lewis and secretor histo-blood group carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	95-108	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	50-53
27863762-1	2016	ABO, H, secretor and Lewis histo-blood system genes control the expression of part of the carbohydrate repertoire present in areas of the body occupied by microorganisms.	Carbohydrates	90-102	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-3
27863762-4	2016	This review highlights the structural diversity, the biological importance and potential applications of ABO, H, Lewis and secretor histo-blood carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	144-157	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	105-108
26396156-1	2016	3,3",4,4",5-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126), a dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and a potent aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist, is implicated in the disruption of both carbohydrate and lipid metabolism which ultimately leads to wasting disorders, metabolic disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.	Carbohydrates	181-193	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Rattus norvegicus	127-130
26659409-1	2015	Human natural killer-1 (HNK-1) carbohydrate (HSO3-3GlcAbeta1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-R) is highly expressed in the brain and required for learning and neural plasticity.	Carbohydrates	31-43	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	24-29
26278404-1	2015	The sugar nucleotide dTDP-L-rhamnose is critical for the biosynthesis of the Group A Carbohydrate, the molecular signature and virulence determinant of the human pathogen Group A Streptococcus (GAS).	Carbohydrates	85-97	TAR DNA-binding protein-43 homolog	Drosophila melanogaster	21-25
26657044-6	2015	RESULTS: In our carbohydrate microarray analysis, C1 was found to be highly specific for an O-glycan cryptic epitope, gp(C1).	Carbohydrates	16-28	glypican 1	Homo sapiens	118-123
26429077-10	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that unsaturated fats, especially PUFAs, and/or high-quality carbohydrates can be used to replace saturated fats to reduce CHD risk.	Carbohydrates	96-109	chromosome 10 open reading frame 90	Homo sapiens	143-147
25670482-1	2015	Alcohol dehydrogenase was covalently conjugated with three different oxidized carbohydrates i.e., glucose, starch and pectin.	Carbohydrates	78-91	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	0-21
25670482-6	2015	Along with the aldehyde-amino group interaction, thiol groups were also involved in the binding between alcohol dehydrogenase and carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	130-143	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	104-125
25670482-7	2015	The structural changes occurring on binding of alcohol dehydrogenase with oxidized carbohydrates was also confirmed by fluorescence spectrophotometry.	Carbohydrates	83-96	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	47-68
25670482-8	2015	Oxidized carbohydrates could thus be used as potential inhibitors of alcohol dehydrogenase.	Carbohydrates	9-22	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	69-90
26306809-0	2015	Inhibition of human GLUT1 and GLUT5 by plant carbohydrate products; insights into transport specificity.	Carbohydrates	45-57	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	20-25
25796041-2	2015	In this construction strategy, the nanocomposites of three-dimensional graphene and gold nanoparticles (3D-GR-AuNPs) were used as matrix for high loading of glucose oxidase (GOx), which served as recognition element for bounding Con A. Con A further interacted with DexP-g-C3N4 through a specific carbohydrate-Con A interaction to achieve a sandwiched scheme.	Carbohydrates	297-309	hydroxyacid oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	157-172
25796041-2	2015	In this construction strategy, the nanocomposites of three-dimensional graphene and gold nanoparticles (3D-GR-AuNPs) were used as matrix for high loading of glucose oxidase (GOx), which served as recognition element for bounding Con A. Con A further interacted with DexP-g-C3N4 through a specific carbohydrate-Con A interaction to achieve a sandwiched scheme.	Carbohydrates	297-309	hydroxyacid oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	174-177
26156512-1	2015	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of regular aerobic training and postexercise protein-carbohydrate supplementation in patients with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD).	Carbohydrates	90-102	FSHMD1A	Homo sapiens	176-180
26186209-1	2015	BACKGROUND: The ABO blood group antigens are carbohydrate moieties expressed on human red blood cells however; these antigens can also be expressed on some other cells particularly the surface of epithelial cells and may be found in mucosal secretions.	Carbohydrates	45-57	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	16-31
26217667-0	2015	Rats Prone to Obesity Under a High-Carbohydrate Diet have Increased Post-Meal CCK mRNA Expression and Characteristics of Rats Fed a High-Glycemic Index Diet.	Carbohydrates	35-47	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
26217667-10	2015	From these results, we make the hypothesis that in CS rats, CCK increased pancreatic secretion, which may favor a quicker absorption of carbohydrates and consequently induces an enhanced inhibition of lipid oxidation in the liver, leading to a progressive accumulation of fat preferentially in visceral deposits.	Carbohydrates	136-149	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
26110252-8	2015	Our study for the first time ever identified that a moderate-carbohydrate restricted diet is not only effective in raising gene expressions of adiponectin and PPARgamma which potentially lead to better metabolic conditions but is better at improving lipid profiles than a low-carbohydrate diet in rats.	Carbohydrates	61-73	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	143-154
26110252-8	2015	Our study for the first time ever identified that a moderate-carbohydrate restricted diet is not only effective in raising gene expressions of adiponectin and PPARgamma which potentially lead to better metabolic conditions but is better at improving lipid profiles than a low-carbohydrate diet in rats.	Carbohydrates	61-73	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	159-168
26110252-8	2015	Our study for the first time ever identified that a moderate-carbohydrate restricted diet is not only effective in raising gene expressions of adiponectin and PPARgamma which potentially lead to better metabolic conditions but is better at improving lipid profiles than a low-carbohydrate diet in rats.	Carbohydrates	276-288	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	143-154
26110252-8	2015	Our study for the first time ever identified that a moderate-carbohydrate restricted diet is not only effective in raising gene expressions of adiponectin and PPARgamma which potentially lead to better metabolic conditions but is better at improving lipid profiles than a low-carbohydrate diet in rats.	Carbohydrates	276-288	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	159-168
25769385-11	2015	RESULTS: MC4R rs17782313 was associated with high energy intake (P&lt;0.001), and low carbohydrate and protein intakes (P&lt;0.001 and P&lt;0.01 respectively).	Carbohydrates	86-98	melanocortin 4 receptor	Homo sapiens	9-13
25701231-0	2015	Prolactin and the dietary protein/carbohydrate ratio regulate the expression of SNAT2 amino acid transporter in the mammary gland during lactation.	Carbohydrates	34-46	solute carrier family 38 member 2	Homo sapiens	80-85
25753196-2	2015	The carbohydrate-based surfactants investigated included homologous series of raffinose and melezitose monoesters bearing C10 to C18 acyl chains prepared by lipase-catalyzed synthesis in organic media.	Carbohydrates	4-16	chromosome 12 open reading frame 57	Homo sapiens	122-125
25921291-5	2015	By correlating these phosphoproteomics data with dynamic metabolomics data, we inferred the functional role of phosphorylation on the metabolic activity of 12 enzymes, including three candidate TORC1-proximal targets: Amd1, which is involved in nucleotide metabolism; Hom3, which is involved in amino acid metabolism; and Tsl1, which mediates carbohydrate storage.	Carbohydrates	343-355	AMP deaminase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	218-222
25644309-8	2015	Luciferase assay identified a critical regulatory region for AREG expression between -130 and -180 bp upstream of the start site, which contained a carbohydrate response element (ChoRE).	Carbohydrates	148-160	amphiregulin	Homo sapiens	61-65
25712329-6	2015	Furthermore, down-regulation of energy generation and carbohydrate metabolism proteins with faster growth displayed very similar expression dynamics with the global transcriptional regulator CRP (cyclic AMP receptor protein), pointing to a dominant protein resource allocating role of this protein.	Carbohydrates	54-66	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	196-223
25707742-1	2015	INTRODUCTION: Galectin 2 (gal-2) belongs to the proto type group and consists of two homologous carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) resulting in multiple sugar binding sites.	Carbohydrates	96-108	galectin 2	Homo sapiens	14-24
25707742-1	2015	INTRODUCTION: Galectin 2 (gal-2) belongs to the proto type group and consists of two homologous carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) resulting in multiple sugar binding sites.	Carbohydrates	96-108	galectin 2	Homo sapiens	26-31
25574689-2	2015	These unusual carbohydrates are synthesized in vivo as dTDP-linked sugars.	Carbohydrates	14-27	TAR DNA-binding protein-43 homolog	Drosophila melanogaster	55-59
25376184-3	2015	SIRT1 and AMPK are the master regulators of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	54-66	sirtuin 1	Sus scrofa	0-5
26483846-6	2015	SSE significantly inactivated glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH), a major link between carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and markedly inhibited the production of leptin, an important adipokine, in differentiated cells.	Carbohydrates	94-106	glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	66-70
25553410-0	2015	Preoperative oral carbohydrate improved postoperative insulin resistance in rats through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.	Carbohydrates	18-30	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	102-106
24888726-0	2015	Arabidopsis cytosolic alpha-glycan phosphorylase, PHS2, is important during carbohydrate imbalanced conditions.	Carbohydrates	76-88	alpha-glucan phosphorylase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	50-54
24888726-2	2015	The cytosolic phosphorylase, PHS2, acts on soluble heteroglycans that constitute a part of the carbohydrate pool in a plant.	Carbohydrates	95-107	alpha-glucan phosphorylase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	29-33
24888726-4	2015	Under standard growth conditions phs2 knock-out mutants do not show any clear growth phenotype, and we hypothesised that during low-light conditions where carbohydrate imbalance is perturbed, this enzyme is important.	Carbohydrates	155-167	alpha-glucan phosphorylase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	33-37
24888726-8	2015	We also found decreased hypocotyl extension in in vitro-grown phs2 mutant seedlings when grown for long time in darkness at 6  C. We conclude that PHS2 activity is important in the adult stage during low-light conditions and senescence, as well as during prolonged seedling development when carbohydrate levels are unbalanced.	Carbohydrates	291-303	alpha-glucan phosphorylase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	62-66
24888726-8	2015	We also found decreased hypocotyl extension in in vitro-grown phs2 mutant seedlings when grown for long time in darkness at 6  C. We conclude that PHS2 activity is important in the adult stage during low-light conditions and senescence, as well as during prolonged seedling development when carbohydrate levels are unbalanced.	Carbohydrates	291-303	alpha-glucan phosphorylase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	147-151
25447524-0	2014	Human ficolin-2 recognition versatility extended: an update on the binding of ficolin-2 to sulfated/phosphated carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	111-124	ficolin 2	Homo sapiens	6-15
25447524-0	2014	Human ficolin-2 recognition versatility extended: an update on the binding of ficolin-2 to sulfated/phosphated carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	111-124	ficolin 2	Homo sapiens	78-87
25479762-11	2014	We also validate the implementation of the Microcystis aeruginosa lectin, microvirin, in this platform and provide refined evidence for its efficacy in specifically recognizing high-mannose-type N-glycans, a class of carbohydrate modification that is distinctive of hGGT1 expressed by many tumors.	Carbohydrates	217-229	gamma-glutamyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	266-271
25320238-4	2014	Using both a 610 carbohydrate array and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we found that patients with IRAK-4 and MyD88 deficiencies have reduced serum IgM, but not IgG antibody, recognizing T-independent bacterial antigens.	Carbohydrates	17-29	interleukin 1 receptor associated kinase 4	Homo sapiens	103-109
25292424-4	2014	The altered activities of the key metabolic enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism such as hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and hepatic enzymes AST, ALT, and ALP levels of diabetic rats were significantly improved by the administration of myrtenal in STZ-induced diabetic rats.	Carbohydrates	64-76	PDZ and LIM domain 3	Rattus norvegicus	229-232
25375264-1	2014	Structural modification of the exocyclic amino function of guanosine 5"-monophosphate (5"-GMP) by Maillard-type reactions with reducing carbohydrates was recently found to increase the umami-enhancing activity of the nucleotide upon S-N(2)-1-carboxyalkylation and S-N(2)-(1-alkylamino)carbonylalkylation, respectively.	Carbohydrates	136-149	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	90-93
25566618-8	2014	Compared with before treatment in the same group, the uterine volume was reduced after treatment in the two groups (P &lt; 0.05) and serum carbohydrate antigen CA125 levels decreased between the two groups (P &lt; 0.05, P &lt; 0.01).	Carbohydrates	139-151	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	160-165
25314138-3	2014	They were found to be partially acylated tetra- or pentasaccharides derived from simonic acid B and operculinic acids A and C. The site of the aglycone macrolactonization was placed at C-2 or C-3 of the second saccharide moiety, while the two acylating residues could be located at C-2 (or C-3) of the second rhamnose unit and at C-4 (or C-3) on the third rhamnose moiety.	Carbohydrates	56-66	complement C3	Homo sapiens	192-195
25314138-3	2014	They were found to be partially acylated tetra- or pentasaccharides derived from simonic acid B and operculinic acids A and C. The site of the aglycone macrolactonization was placed at C-2 or C-3 of the second saccharide moiety, while the two acylating residues could be located at C-2 (or C-3) of the second rhamnose unit and at C-4 (or C-3) on the third rhamnose moiety.	Carbohydrates	56-66	complement C3	Homo sapiens	290-293
25314138-3	2014	They were found to be partially acylated tetra- or pentasaccharides derived from simonic acid B and operculinic acids A and C. The site of the aglycone macrolactonization was placed at C-2 or C-3 of the second saccharide moiety, while the two acylating residues could be located at C-2 (or C-3) of the second rhamnose unit and at C-4 (or C-3) on the third rhamnose moiety.	Carbohydrates	56-66	complement C3	Homo sapiens	290-293
24863808-7	2014	Inhibition assays indicated that CD13, PSA, PAP, and ZAG interact with galectin-3 in a protein-carbohydrate manner.	Carbohydrates	95-107	alpha-2-glycoprotein 1, zinc-binding	Homo sapiens	53-56
25116600-11	2014	After 3 days of high-carbohydrate diet, only the specific fatty acids in human plasma VLDL showed a significant increase in DI and associated SCD1 activity.	Carbohydrates	21-33	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	142-146
24945431-1	2014	ABO blood group antigens are complex carbohydrate molecules expressed on the surface of red blood cells and a variety of human cells and tissues.	Carbohydrates	37-49	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-15
25008923-2	2014	HuNV attaches to cell surface carbohydrate structures known as histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) prior to internalization, and HBGA polymorphism among human populations is closely linked to susceptibility to HuNV.	Carbohydrates	30-42	hemoglobin subunit gamma 1	Homo sapiens	91-95
24904022-6	2014	The Delta PBMC Lp-PLA2 correlated positively with Delta glucose and Delta ox-LDL, and negatively with Delta LDL particle size and baseline PBMC Lp-PLA2 The substitution of whole grains and legumes for refined rice resulted in a reduction in Lp-PLA2 activities in plasma and PBMCs partly through improved glycemic control, increased consumption of protein relative to carbohydrate, and reduced lipid peroxides.	Carbohydrates	367-379	phospholipase A2 group VII	Homo sapiens	15-22
25079598-0	2014	The role of the carbohydrate recognition domain of placental protein 13 (PP13) in pregnancy evaluated with recombinant PP13 and the DelT221 PP13 variant.	Carbohydrates	16-28	galectin 13	Homo sapiens	51-71
25079598-0	2014	The role of the carbohydrate recognition domain of placental protein 13 (PP13) in pregnancy evaluated with recombinant PP13 and the DelT221 PP13 variant.	Carbohydrates	16-28	galectin 13	Homo sapiens	73-77
24755714-10	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Among women whose tumor tissue is positive for the IGFI receptor, reducing carbohydrate intake after diagnosis could reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence.	Carbohydrates	88-100	insulin like growth factor 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	64-77
25161888-5	2014	Loss of PLIN5 had no effect on body weight, feeding or adiposity but increased whole-body carbohydrate oxidation.	Carbohydrates	90-102	perilipin 5	Mus musculus	8-13
24923784-9	2014	In assays of carbohydrate levels we found that 5-HT1A knockdown in IPCs resulted in elevated hemolymph glucose, body glycogen and body trehalose levels, while no effects were seen after OAMB knockdown.	Carbohydrates	13-25	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1A	Drosophila melanogaster	47-53
24732035-5	2014	In this study, we examined the binding affinity between SPG/poly(dA) complex and a constructed protein representing the extracellular carbohydrate-recognition domain of murine Dectin-1 by use of quartz-crystal microbalance (QCM).	Carbohydrates	134-146	C-type lectin domain family 7, member a	Mus musculus	176-184
24732973-1	2014	Copy number variants in AMY1 connected with obesity via carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	56-68	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	24-28
24038130-9	2014	CONCLUSION: Hepatic CES1 plays a critical role in regulating both lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and FXR-controlled lipid homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	76-88	carboxylesterase 1G	Mus musculus	20-24
24663207-8	2014	In conclusion, we hypothesize that the difference in F4 binding to ANPEP is due to modifications in its carbohydrate moieties.	Carbohydrates	104-116	alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane	Sus scrofa	67-72
24888773-1	2014	Carbohydrate structures, including Lewis X (Le(x)), which is not synthesized in mutant mice that lack alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase 9 (Fut9(-/-)), are involved in cell-cell recognition and inflammation.	Carbohydrates	0-12	fucosyltransferase 9	Mus musculus	102-131
24888773-1	2014	Carbohydrate structures, including Lewis X (Le(x)), which is not synthesized in mutant mice that lack alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase 9 (Fut9(-/-)), are involved in cell-cell recognition and inflammation.	Carbohydrates	0-12	fucosyltransferase 9	Mus musculus	133-137
24523502-3	2014	A double mutant impaired in the triose phosphate/phosphate translocator (TPT) and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) (adg1-1/tpt-2) exhibits a HL-dependent depletion in endogenous carbohydrates combined with a severe growth and photosynthesis phenotype.	Carbohydrates	184-197	ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	122-128
24523502-6	2014	Only if carbohydrates are depleted in the long term (e.g. after 2 d) is the acclimation response impaired, as observed in the adg1-1/tpt-2 double mutant.	Carbohydrates	8-21	ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	126-132
24636495-6	2014	The versatility of synthetic methods employed is illustrative of the current state of the art of fluorination methodology for the synthesis of CF2-containing carbohydrates, and involves the use of fluorinated building blocks, as well as nucleophilic and electrophilic fluorination of sugar precursors.	Carbohydrates	158-171	ATPase H+ transporting accessory protein 1	Homo sapiens	143-146
24606063-0	2014	Fragment-based identification of an inducible binding site on cell surface receptor CD44 for the design of protein-carbohydrate interaction inhibitors.	Carbohydrates	115-127	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Homo sapiens	84-88
24506805-1	2014	PROBLEM: Chemerin is a novel chemo-attractant and adipokine involved in leukocyte recruitment, inflammation, adipogenesis, lipid/carbohydrate metabolism, and reproduction.	Carbohydrates	129-141	retinoic acid receptor responder 2	Homo sapiens	9-17
23965798-5	2014	The concentration dependency on GLP-1 increment was also confirmed based on the experiment in which the endogenous active GLP-1 levels were measured after an oral carbohydrate load.	Carbohydrates	163-175	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	122-127
24434373-0	2014	Comparison of the carbohydrate preference of SIGNR1 as a phagocytic receptor with the preference as an adhesion molecule.	Carbohydrates	18-30	CD209b antigen	Mus musculus	45-51
24434373-2	2014	In the present study, we compared the carbohydrate preference of the C-type lectin SIGNR1 as a cell adhesion molecule with that of SIGNR1 as a phagocytic receptor, using a series of neoglycolipids (NGLs) and the mouse macrophage-like cells stably expressing SIGNR1.	Carbohydrates	38-50	CD209b antigen	Mus musculus	83-89
24434373-6	2014	Thus, the subtle carbohydrate preference of SIGNR1 on the cell surface is altered depending on the function, and the preferable carbohydrate for phagocytosis elucidated using NGL-coated liposomes might be used as the appropriate targeting signals for antigen delivery.	Carbohydrates	17-29	CD209b antigen	Mus musculus	44-50
24434373-6	2014	Thus, the subtle carbohydrate preference of SIGNR1 on the cell surface is altered depending on the function, and the preferable carbohydrate for phagocytosis elucidated using NGL-coated liposomes might be used as the appropriate targeting signals for antigen delivery.	Carbohydrates	128-140	CD209b antigen	Mus musculus	44-50
24370558-0	2014	Concurrent pharmacological modification of cannabinoid-1 and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor activity affects feeding behavior and body weight in rats fed a free-choice, high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	176-188	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	61-84
25744420-1	2014	Thyroid and glucocorticoid hormones and several transcriptional factors such as caudal type homeobox (CDX)-2 and hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-1alpha are important for the differentiation of small intestinal absorptive cells and the consequent expression of genes related to the digestion/absorption of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	305-318	HNF1 homeobox A	Rattus norvegicus	113-151
24219248-14	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Lipid-linked carbohydrate antigens in the GalT-KO/FucT-TG pig intestine showed no or minor qualitative difference when compared with GalT-KO pigs.	Carbohydrates	26-38	galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase	Sus scrofa	55-59
23935187-1	2013	LEC-1 is a major galectin in Caenorhabditis elegans and contains two carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs), N-CRD and C-CRD.	Carbohydrates	69-81	32 kDa beta-galactoside-binding lectin;Galectin	Caenorhabditis elegans	0-5
24558839-7	2013	The retention equation lnk = a + blnC(B) + cC(B) could quantitatively describe the retention factors of carbohydrates of plant origin with good accuracy: the relative error of the predicted time to actual time was less than 0.3%.	Carbohydrates	104-117	SH2B adaptor protein 3	Homo sapiens	23-26
23803969-8	2013	Taken together, hepatic expression of Scd1 is differentially affected by carbohydrate- and lipid content of the diet.	Carbohydrates	73-85	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	38-42
24010665-0	2013	CD44 receptor unfolding enhances binding by freeing basic amino acids to contact carbohydrate ligand.	Carbohydrates	81-93	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-4
24010665-1	2013	The extracellular carbohydrate-binding domain of the Type I transmembrane receptor CD44 is known to undergo affinity switching, where change in conformation leads to enhanced binding of its carbohydrate ligand hyaluronan.	Carbohydrates	18-30	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Homo sapiens	83-87
24010665-1	2013	The extracellular carbohydrate-binding domain of the Type I transmembrane receptor CD44 is known to undergo affinity switching, where change in conformation leads to enhanced binding of its carbohydrate ligand hyaluronan.	Carbohydrates	190-202	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Homo sapiens	83-87
23911328-3	2013	Feeding Drosophila a diet high in carbohydrates was previously demonstrated to direct metabolic dysfunction, including hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	34-47	Insulin-like receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	139-146
23744646-4	2013	Here, we investigated the signaling properties of the C-type lectin MGL and show that MGL engagement by agonistic antibodies or carbohydrate ligands couples to TLR signal transduction for increased IL-10 and TNF-alpha secretion by human monocyte-derived DCs.	Carbohydrates	128-140	C-type lectin domain containing 10A	Homo sapiens	68-71
23744646-4	2013	Here, we investigated the signaling properties of the C-type lectin MGL and show that MGL engagement by agonistic antibodies or carbohydrate ligands couples to TLR signal transduction for increased IL-10 and TNF-alpha secretion by human monocyte-derived DCs.	Carbohydrates	128-140	C-type lectin domain containing 10A	Homo sapiens	86-89
23744646-4	2013	Here, we investigated the signaling properties of the C-type lectin MGL and show that MGL engagement by agonistic antibodies or carbohydrate ligands couples to TLR signal transduction for increased IL-10 and TNF-alpha secretion by human monocyte-derived DCs.	Carbohydrates	128-140	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	198-203
23677864-10	2013	Taken together, these studies indicate that consumption of low-glycemic carbohydrates can attenuate disruption of vitamin D homeostasis in T1D through the rescue of megalin-mediated endocytosis in the kidney.	Carbohydrates	72-85	LDL receptor related protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	165-172
23580405-8	2013	Proteins involved in photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism, for example ferredoxin-NADP-reductase and malate dehydrogenase, are among the identified affected proteins in all comparisons.	Carbohydrates	40-52	malic enzyme 1	Homo sapiens	107-127
23661698-8	2013	Analysis of Eph/ephrin crystal structures reveals an interaction between the ligand"s carbohydrates and two residues of EphA2: Asp-78 and Lys-136.	Carbohydrates	86-99	EPH receptor A2	Homo sapiens	120-125
23651235-0	2013	Carbohydrate-decorated PCL fibers for specific protein adhesion.	Carbohydrates	0-12	PHD finger protein 1	Homo sapiens	23-26
24459875-4	2013	AMPK regulates skeletal muscle metabolism through phosphorylation of various enzymes such as carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism, as well as factors of transcription and initiation.	Carbohydrates	93-105	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
23426716-2	2013	OBJECTIVE: To critically revise the available literature on the comparison between the diagnostic accuracy of HE4 and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA-125) to confirm the additional clinical value of HE4.	Carbohydrates	118-130	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	144-150
23602249-7	2013	High-fat, low-carbohydrate diet resulted in greater weight gain and lower myocardial glycogen, plasma adiponectin, and insulin.	Carbohydrates	14-26	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	102-113
23030724-1	2013	Aberrant surface expression of the carbohydrate ABH and Lewis antigens are often used as markers for the diagnosis of cancer, but while the distribution of these histo-blood group antigens is relatively well-described in tissues and organs from young and middle-aged humans little is known of their expression in old age.	Carbohydrates	35-47	alkB homolog 1, histone H2A dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	48-51
23209031-5	2013	The Fc region of GA201 was glycoengineered to contain bisected, afucosylated carbohydrates for enhanced binding to FcgammaRIIIA.	Carbohydrates	77-90	Fc gamma receptor IIIa	Homo sapiens	115-127
23275449-0	2013	Protein domain histochemistry (PDH): binding of the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of recombinant human glycoreceptor CLEC10A (CD301) to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissues.	Carbohydrates	52-64	C-type lectin domain containing 10A	Homo sapiens	125-132
23275449-0	2013	Protein domain histochemistry (PDH): binding of the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of recombinant human glycoreceptor CLEC10A (CD301) to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissues.	Carbohydrates	52-64	C-type lectin domain containing 10A	Homo sapiens	134-139
23273606-2	2013	Previously, we reported potent and selective SGLT1 inhibitors 1 and 2 showing efficacy in oral carbohydrate tolerance tests in diabetic rat models.	Carbohydrates	95-107	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	45-50
23118444-0	2013	AMP-activated protein kinase and ATP-citrate lyase are two distinct molecular targets for ETC-1002, a novel small molecule regulator of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	146-158	ATP citrate lyase	Homo sapiens	33-50
23765676-2	2013	We used peptide-displaying phage technology to identify a carbohydrate ligand-mimicking 7-mer peptide, IFLLWQR (IF7), which can target Anxa1 in tumor vasculature.	Carbohydrates	58-70	annexin A1	Homo sapiens	135-140
23765676-3	2013	Here, we describe the binding activity of carbohydrate to Anxa1, Anxa1 to heparan sulfates, and the therapeutic potential of IF7 conjugated with anticancer drugs in tumor targeting.	Carbohydrates	42-54	annexin A1	Homo sapiens	58-63
23573289-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Glucokinase (GCK) plays an important role in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	75-87	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	12-23
23573289-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Glucokinase (GCK) plays an important role in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	75-87	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	25-28
22828865-8	2012	Knockdown of either sNPF or CRZ in DLPs extends survival in flies exposed to starvation and alters carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	99-111	short neuropeptide F precursor	Drosophila melanogaster	20-24
22828865-8	2012	Knockdown of either sNPF or CRZ in DLPs extends survival in flies exposed to starvation and alters carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	99-111	Corazonin	Drosophila melanogaster	28-31
22923471-3	2012	Under cold-acclimated conditions, mice lacking L-PGDS had elevated reliance on carbohydrate to provide fuel for thermogenesis and had increased expression of genes regulating glycolysis and de novo lipogenesis in BAT.	Carbohydrates	79-91	prostaglandin D2 synthase (brain)	Mus musculus	47-53
23196974-0	2012	Isolation of carbohydrate-specific CD4(+) T cell clones from mice after stimulation by two model glycoconjugate vaccines.	Carbohydrates	13-25	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	35-38
23196974-4	2012	Upon immunization of mice with GBSIII-OVA, carbohydrate epitopes are presented to and recognized by CD4(+) T cells.	Carbohydrates	43-55	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	100-103
22669578-4	2012	Binding of F4 fimbriae to pAPN depended on sialic acid containing carbohydrate moieties, and resulted in clathrin-mediated endocytosis of the fimbriae.	Carbohydrates	66-78	alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane	Sus scrofa	26-30
22824914-1	2012	Although peroxisome proliferator receptor (PPAR)-alpha and PPAR-gamma agonist have been developed as chemical tools to uncover biological roles for the PPARs such as lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, PPAR-delta has not been fully investigated.	Carbohydrates	176-188	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
23032324-3	2012	We have recently shown that the lectin pathway-specific carbohydrate recognition subcomponent mannose-binding lectin plays an essential role in the pathophysiology of thrombosis and ischemia/reperfusion injury.	Carbohydrates	56-68	mannose-binding lectin (protein C) 2	Mus musculus	94-116
23060289-2	2012	In this study, we used lectin-binding ELISA to assess the carbohydrate compositions of THP, BSA, IgG, TNF-alpha, and IFN-g.	Carbohydrates	58-70	uromodulin	Homo sapiens	87-90
23060289-4	2012	These carbohydrate moieties mediated binding with THP.	Carbohydrates	6-18	uromodulin	Homo sapiens	50-53
23036050-2	2012	Sialylated carbohydrate structures, which are unusual for mammals, characterize Glycodelin isolated from amniotic fluid (Glycodelin A, GdA).	Carbohydrates	11-23	guanine deaminase	Homo sapiens	135-138
22971926-9	2012	These results indicate that the decrease in MDH1 and subsequent reduction in NAD/NADH ratio, which causes SIRT1 inhibition, is a likely carbohydrate metabolism-controlled cellular senescence mechanism.	Carbohydrates	136-148	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	106-111
22722257-5	2012	In patients with PDAC, circulating IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-10 correlated with serum concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor; circulating IL-6, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha correlated with carbohydrate 19-9; and IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-alpha correlated with CEA levels.	Carbohydrates	241-253	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	66-71
22674476-3	2012	We characterized AMPK and SIRT 1 expression and activity in human skeletal muscle in response to dietary fat or carbohydrate intake on the background of either overfeeding or caloric restriction.	Carbohydrates	112-124	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	26-32
22674476-7	2012	Under both conditions - overfeeding and caloric restriction - high fat/low carbohydrate (HF/LC) diet significantly increased phosphorylation of AMPK and deacetylation of PGC1alpha in skeletal muscle without affecting total amounts of AMPK, PGC1alpha, or SIRT 1.	Carbohydrates	75-87	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	254-260
22674476-9	2012	Our data indicate that a relative deficiency in carbohydrate intake or, albeit less likely, a relative excess of fat intake even in the absence of caloric deprivation is sufficient to activate the AMPK-SIRT 1-PGC1alpha energy-sensing cellular network in human skeletal muscle.	Carbohydrates	48-60	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	202-208
23185754-9	2012	Genes correlated to carbohydrate metabolism included AGL, B3GNT1, FUT9, ST8SIA4, SULT1A4, DDOST, and PIGL, mainly involved in glucogen degradation and glycoconjugate biosynthesis.	Carbohydrates	20-32	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	58-64
22350464-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Fanconi-Bickel syndrome (FBS) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by defects in the facilitative glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2 or SLC2A2) gene which codes for the glucose transporter protein 2 expressed in hepatocytes and renal tubular cells causing a defect in carbohydrate metabolism, hepatomegaly, severe hypophosphatemic rickets and failure to thrive.	Carbohydrates	279-291	solute carrier family 2 member 2	Homo sapiens	138-143
22350464-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Fanconi-Bickel syndrome (FBS) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by defects in the facilitative glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2 or SLC2A2) gene which codes for the glucose transporter protein 2 expressed in hepatocytes and renal tubular cells causing a defect in carbohydrate metabolism, hepatomegaly, severe hypophosphatemic rickets and failure to thrive.	Carbohydrates	279-291	solute carrier family 2 member 2	Homo sapiens	147-153
22562834-0	2012	The nuclear receptor REV-ERBalpha is required for the daily balance of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	71-83	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 1	Mus musculus	21-33
22617123-13	2012	SPSB2 is involved in intracellular signalling and homeostasis, whereas TP53I3 regulates carbohydrate metabolism and apoptosis.	Carbohydrates	88-100	tumor protein p53 inducible protein 3	Homo sapiens	71-77
22751438-0	2012	Cyclin D1 inhibits hepatic lipogenesis via repression of carbohydrate response element binding protein and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha.	Carbohydrates	57-69	cyclin D1	Mus musculus	0-9
22751438-10	2012	Cyclin D1 inhibited lipogenic gene expression in the liver following carbohydrate feeding.	Carbohydrates	69-81	cyclin D1	Mus musculus	0-9
22856614-1	2012	The antigens of the ABO system (A, B, and H determinants, respectively) consist of complex carbohydrate molecules.	Carbohydrates	91-103	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	20-23
22678415-0	2012	5-(5-Aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-carbonyl)furan-3-carboxylate and new cyclic C-glycoside analogues from carbohydrate precursors with MAO-B, antimicrobial and antifungal activities.	Carbohydrates	100-112	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	129-134
22537861-1	2012	Triazolyl glycolipid derivatives constructed via Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction (Cue-AAC) represent a new range of carbohydrate-based scaffolds for use in many fields of the chemical research.	Carbohydrates	148-160	glycine-N-acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	118-121
22537606-3	2012	The glucaminium-based coating was developed to exploit the hydrogen bond-acidic hydroxyl groups within the carbohydrate moiety of the PIL in addition to dispersive capabilities resulting from the cation and anion.	Carbohydrates	107-119	serpin family A member 2 (gene/pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	134-137
22386526-8	2012	Immunoprecipitate was formed by the carbohydrate moiety of mrt-CD52, but not by the GPI-anchor peptide.	Carbohydrates	36-48	CD52 molecule	Homo sapiens	63-67
22386526-9	2012	The C1q molecule (29 kDa) was detected in the immunoprecipitates by Western blotting analysis probed with anti C1q antibody, indicating that the carbohydrate moiety of mrt-CD52 binds to C1q.	Carbohydrates	145-157	CD52 molecule	Homo sapiens	172-176
22349071-1	2012	AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: We examined the role of protein kinase C-iota (PKC-iota) in mediating alterations in the abundance of enzymes in hepatocytes of type 2 diabetic humans that contribute importantly to the development of lipid and carbohydrate abnormalities in type 2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	228-240	protein kinase C iota	Homo sapiens	64-72
22349071-8	2012	CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Our findings suggest that a vicious cycle of PKC-iota overactivity and overproduction exists in hepatocytes of humans with type 2 diabetes and contributes importantly to maintaining overactivity of lipogenic, proinflammatory and gluconeogenic pathways, which underlies the lipid and carbohydrate abnormalities in type 2 diabetes.	Carbohydrates	311-323	protein kinase C iota	Homo sapiens	73-81
22406869-9	2012	In addition, tea carbohydrate administration could decrease expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in H22 tumor tissue.	Carbohydrates	17-29	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	74-108
22406869-9	2012	In addition, tea carbohydrate administration could decrease expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in H22 tumor tissue.	Carbohydrates	17-29	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	110-114
22406869-9	2012	In addition, tea carbohydrate administration could decrease expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in H22 tumor tissue.	Carbohydrates	17-29	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Mus musculus	120-154
22406869-9	2012	In addition, tea carbohydrate administration could decrease expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in H22 tumor tissue.	Carbohydrates	17-29	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Mus musculus	156-160
22399504-0	2012	Genetic variation in the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor modifies the association between carbohydrate and fat intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in the Malmo Diet and Cancer cohort.	Carbohydrates	112-124	gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor	Mus musculus	25-78
22399504-11	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Our prospective, observational study indicates that the type 2 diabetes risk by dietary intake of carbohydrate and fat may be dependent on GIPR genotype.	Carbohydrates	111-123	gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor	Mus musculus	152-156
22362781-0	2012	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2-/- mutant mice are protected against fatty liver under high-fat, high-carbohydrate dietary and de novo lipogenic conditions.	Carbohydrates	95-107	acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase beta	Mus musculus	0-24
22362781-2	2012	We have shown previously that acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (Acc2(-/-)) mutant mice, when fed a high-fat (HF) or high-fat, high-carbohydrate (HFHC) diet, are protected against diet-induced obesity and maintained whole body and hepatic insulin sensitivity.	Carbohydrates	123-135	acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase beta	Mus musculus	30-54
22334268-5	2012	These CD5 B cells were initially thought to be a major source of autoantibodies and/or "natural antibodies," targeting broad arrays of carbohydrate and protein antigens.	Carbohydrates	135-147	CD5 antigen	Mus musculus	6-9
22214819-1	2012	Fanconi-Bickel syndrome (FBS, OMIM #227810), a congenital disorder of carbohydrate metabolism, is caused by mutations in GLUT2 (SLC2A2), the gene encoding the glucose transporter protein-2.	Carbohydrates	70-82	solute carrier family 2 member 2	Homo sapiens	121-126
22214819-1	2012	Fanconi-Bickel syndrome (FBS, OMIM #227810), a congenital disorder of carbohydrate metabolism, is caused by mutations in GLUT2 (SLC2A2), the gene encoding the glucose transporter protein-2.	Carbohydrates	70-82	solute carrier family 2 member 2	Homo sapiens	128-134
22116097-1	2012	OBJECTIVE: Heparanase is an endoglycosidase that specifically cleaves carbohydrate chains of heparan sulfate.	Carbohydrates	70-82	heparanase	Bos taurus	11-21
22340148-3	2012	RESULTS: Significant correlations were found between GAF scores and energy (kilocalories), carbohydrates, fibre, total fat, linoleic acid, riboflavin, niacin, folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and iron (all P values &lt; 0.05), as well as magnesium (r = 0.41, P &lt; 0.001) and zinc (r = 0.35, P &lt; 0.001).	Carbohydrates	91-104	fibroblast growth factor 9	Homo sapiens	53-56
22207132-4	2012	Recognition of microbes via carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of SIGNR1 was crucial for the enhanced TNF-alpha production.	Carbohydrates	28-40	CD209b antigen	Mus musculus	69-75
22190032-0	2012	Carbohydrate intake modulates the effect of the ABCA1-R230C variant on HDL cholesterol concentrations in premenopausal women.	Carbohydrates	0-12	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	48-53
22190032-9	2012	In conclusion, the effect of the ABCA1-R230C gene variant on HDL-C concentrations is modulated by carbohydrate intake in premenopausal women.	Carbohydrates	98-110	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	33-38
22134200-0	2012	Glucagon-like peptide-1 regulation of carbohydrate intake is differentially affected by obesogenic diets.	Carbohydrates	38-50	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	0-23
22134200-8	2012	These findings demonstrate that intake of carbohydrates when offered as treats can be regulated by GLP-1 and suggests that dietary fat consumption, rather than extra calories or obesity, may lead to impaired GLP-1 feedback to curb carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	42-55	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	99-104
22134200-8	2012	These findings demonstrate that intake of carbohydrates when offered as treats can be regulated by GLP-1 and suggests that dietary fat consumption, rather than extra calories or obesity, may lead to impaired GLP-1 feedback to curb carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	42-55	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	208-213
22134200-8	2012	These findings demonstrate that intake of carbohydrates when offered as treats can be regulated by GLP-1 and suggests that dietary fat consumption, rather than extra calories or obesity, may lead to impaired GLP-1 feedback to curb carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	42-54	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	99-104
22134200-8	2012	These findings demonstrate that intake of carbohydrates when offered as treats can be regulated by GLP-1 and suggests that dietary fat consumption, rather than extra calories or obesity, may lead to impaired GLP-1 feedback to curb carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	42-54	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	208-213
22745910-3	2012	Hepatic mitochondria have unique features compared to other organs" mitochondria, since they are the hub that integrates hepatic metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.	Carbohydrates	143-156	ELAV like RNA binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	101-104
21733338-0	2012	A potential role for CD25+ regulatory T-cells in the protection against casein allergy by dietary non-digestible carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	113-126	interleukin 2 receptor, alpha chain	Mus musculus	21-25
21733338-13	2012	In conclusion, CD25+ Treg contribute to the suppression of the allergic effector response in casein-sensitised mice induced by dietary intervention with non-digestible carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	168-181	interleukin 2 receptor, alpha chain	Mus musculus	15-19
22754341-6	2012	AP2-2 transcripts were high under conditions linked to limited carbohydrate availability and stress and down-regulated in extended light phase, high light or in the presence of sugar.	Carbohydrates	63-75	transcription factor AP-2 alpha	Homo sapiens	0-5
22399010-1	2012	L-ficolin, one of the complement lectins found in human serum, is a novel pattern recognition molecule that can specifically bind to microbial carbohydrates, thereby activating the lectin complement pathway and mounting a protective innate immune response.	Carbohydrates	143-156	ficolin 2	Homo sapiens	0-9
22399010-8	2012	To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that L-ficolin can block influenza virus infections both in vitro and in vivo using FCNA-knockout mice, possibly by interacting with the carbohydrates of HA and NA.	Carbohydrates	194-207	ficolin 2	Homo sapiens	62-71
23056344-2	2012	SP-A2 mutations in the carbohydrate recognition domain have been related to familial pulmonary fibrosis and can lead to a recombinant protein secretion deficiency in vitro.	Carbohydrates	23-35	surfactant protein A2	Homo sapiens	0-5
22957049-3	2012	We also studied the expression of liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and acyl-CoA oxidase (AOX), two enzymes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids respectively.	Carbohydrates	152-165	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	75-80
22792179-0	2012	Lipocalin prostaglandin D synthase and PPARgamma2 coordinate to regulate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in vivo.	Carbohydrates	73-85	prostaglandin D2 synthase (brain)	Mus musculus	0-34
22792179-9	2012	Overall, L-PGDS and PPARgamma2 coordinate to regulate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	54-66	prostaglandin D2 synthase (brain)	Mus musculus	9-15
22002056-5	2011	As a consequence, L-Pex5(-/-) mice combust more carbohydrates resulting in lower body weights despite increased food intake.	Carbohydrates	48-61	peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5	Mus musculus	20-24
22002056-6	2011	The perturbation of carbohydrate metabolism does not require a long term adaptation to the absence of functional peroxisomes as similar metabolic changes were also rapidly induced by acute elimination of Pex5 via adenoviral administration of Cre.	Carbohydrates	20-32	peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5	Mus musculus	204-208
22037807-4	2011	After being transferred into aqueous media, the nanocrystals were made highly biocompatible through PEG conjugation and covered by a carbohydrate shell, which allowed specific GLUT-1 recognition.	Carbohydrates	133-145	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	176-182
21958118-16	2011	To conclude, we have demonstrated that acylated carbohydrate-based sulfamates are simultaneously inhibitor and substrate of human CA II.	Carbohydrates	48-60	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	130-135
21908646-4	2011	Results showed that the Pla2g1b(-/-) mice had decreased plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels compared with Pla2g1b(+/+) mice subsequent to feeding a high-fat, high-carbohydrate (hypercaloric) diet.	Carbohydrates	170-182	phospholipase A2, group IB, pancreas	Mus musculus	24-31
21839455-0	2011	A low-fat high-carbohydrate diet supplemented with long-chain n-3 PUFA reduces the risk of the metabolic syndrome.	Carbohydrates	15-27	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	66-70
22119008-9	2011	Both chemerin and ChemR23 are also expressed by adipocytes, and the emerging role of chemerin as an adipokine regulating lipid and carbohydrate metabolism is an area of intense research.	Carbohydrates	131-143	retinoic acid receptor responder 2	Homo sapiens	85-93
21132375-1	2011	3-Deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase (DAHPS) is an entry enzyme of the shikimate pathway that connects primary carbohydrate metabolism with the biosynthesis of most secondary metabolites in plants.	Carbohydrates	127-139	3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase	Vitis vinifera	0-52
21530947-1	2011	Three fluorescently labelled saccharides 10-12, representing structures found in pectic glycan rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II), were synthesised by chemical glycosylation of O-6 of diacetone-d-galactose followed by deprotection and reductive amination with amino-substituted fluorophore APTS.	Carbohydrates	29-40	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-35 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	172-175
21825173-2	2011	We hypothesized that NK cells expanded in response to pathogens will be marked by expression of CD57, a carbohydrate antigen expressed on highly mature cells within the CD56(dim)CD16(+) NK cell compartment.	Carbohydrates	104-116	Fc gamma receptor IIIa	Homo sapiens	178-182
21534971-6	2011	bZIP11 induction results in a reprogramming of metabolism and activation of genes involved in the metabolism of trehalose and other minor carbohydrates such as myo-inositol and raffinose.	Carbohydrates	138-151	G-box binding factor 6	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-6
21534971-9	2011	It is proposed that bZIP11 is a powerful regulator of carbohydrate metabolism that functions in a growth regulatory network that includes T6P and the sucrose non-fermenting-1 related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1).	Carbohydrates	54-66	G-box binding factor 6	Arabidopsis thaliana	20-26
21561106-3	2011	In this study, we performed a site directed carbohydrate analysis at hFcgammaRIIIa derived from human embryonic kidney (HEK) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, respectively.	Carbohydrates	44-56	Fc gamma receptor IIIa	Homo sapiens	69-82
21257728-2	2011	The C-type carbohydrate-recognition domain of mouse LSECtin, expressed in bacteria, has been used in solid-phase binding assays, and a tetramerized form has been used to probe a glycan array.	Carbohydrates	11-23	C-type lectin domain family 4 member G	Homo sapiens	52-59
21489583-8	2011	Thus, KSA-2 appears to recognize the extended carbohydrate structure with a minimal length of a tetrasaccharide, Man(alpha1-3)Man(alpha1-6)Man(beta1-4)GlcNAc.	Carbohydrates	46-58	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	143-150
21400494-4	2011	This response was independent of TLR2 and the cytosolic portion of SIGNR1 but dependent on the recognition by SIGNR1 via carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	121-133	CD209b antigen	Mus musculus	110-116
21845877-7	2011	CONCLUSION: The significant changes in carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism were observed in mice exposed to acute hypoxia, and the supplementation of vitamins B1, B2 and PP was proved to be beneficial in improving some metabolic pathways.	Carbohydrates	39-51	B.burgdorferi-associated arthritis 2	Mus musculus	166-179
21216252-0	2011	Mechanism of binding site conformational switching in the CD44-hyaluronan protein-carbohydrate binding interaction.	Carbohydrates	82-94	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Homo sapiens	58-62
21372759-6	2011	We clearly demonstrated that the intact protein-core structure in THP molecule was more important for THP-PEA than carbohydrate-side chains.	Carbohydrates	115-127	uromodulin	Homo sapiens	66-69
21209382-8	2011	Interestingly, glucokinase was the only gene of those monitored whose expression was significantly upregulated by increased carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	124-136	glucokinase	Oncorhynchus mykiss	15-26
21426792-5	2011	CONCLUSION: Long-term isocaloric high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet can reduce body weight and visceral fat, increase the expression of ghrelin, and decline GLP-1 expression in diet-induced obesity rats.	Carbohydrates	51-63	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	158-163
21241522-3	2011	The Opaque-2 (O2) gene, one of the best-characterized plant transcription factors, is a good example of the integration of carbohydrate, amino acid and storage protein metabolisms in maize endosperm development.	Carbohydrates	123-135	regulatory protein opaque-2	Zea mays	4-12
22289546-0	2011	The influence of dietary carbohydrate content on glycaemia in patients with glucokinase maturity-onset diabetes of the young.	Carbohydrates	25-37	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	76-87
22289546-7	2011	In patients with GCK MODY on high-carbohydrate diets, glucose levels were significantly higher, and more hyperglycaemic episodes occurred, compared with patients on low-carbohydrate diets.	Carbohydrates	34-46	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	17-20
22289546-7	2011	In patients with GCK MODY on high-carbohydrate diets, glucose levels were significantly higher, and more hyperglycaemic episodes occurred, compared with patients on low-carbohydrate diets.	Carbohydrates	169-181	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	17-20
22289546-8	2011	This short-term observational study  suggested that diets with a modestly limited carbohydrate content may improve glycaemic control in patients with GCK MODY.	Carbohydrates	82-94	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	150-153
20213669-8	2011	ECP affinity for heparin and other negatively charged glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) can explain not only its binding to the eukaryote cells glycocalix but also the reported high affinity for the specific carbohydrates at bacteria cell wall, promoting its antimicrobial action.	Carbohydrates	200-213	ribonuclease A family member 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
21697636-1	2011	The intestinal expression of genes involved in carbohydrate digestion and absorption, such as sucrase-isomaltase (SI) and sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter (SGLT1), is higher in rodents fed a high-starch/low-fat (HS) diet than in those fed a low-starch/high-fat (LS) diet.	Carbohydrates	47-59	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	162-167
20631728-7	2010	Collectively, these results suggest that the binding of jacalin to O-linked TF carbohydrate motifs on Dsg1 impairs the Dsg1/PF autoantibody interactions and abrogates its pathogenicity in vivo.	Carbohydrates	79-91	desmoglein 1 alpha	Mus musculus	102-106
20631728-7	2010	Collectively, these results suggest that the binding of jacalin to O-linked TF carbohydrate motifs on Dsg1 impairs the Dsg1/PF autoantibody interactions and abrogates its pathogenicity in vivo.	Carbohydrates	79-91	desmoglein 1 alpha	Mus musculus	119-123
20855890-9	2010	Our finding provides insights into the function of HNK-1 carbohydrate epitopes in NSCs to maintain stemness during neural development.	Carbohydrates	57-69	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	51-56
20855892-1	2010	AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) beta subunits (beta1 and beta2) provide scaffolds for binding alpha and gamma subunits and contain a carbohydrate-binding module important for regulating enzyme activity.	Carbohydrates	137-149	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	61-66
20501874-6	2010	In the second study, a 20-wk high-fat diet containing 46% fat and 36% carbohydrates also increased BiP, IRE1alpha, and phospho-PERK protein and the expression of ATF4, CHOP, and both the spliced and unspliced forms of XBP1 in the plantar flexors (P &lt; 0.05).	Carbohydrates	70-83	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3	Mus musculus	127-131
20804732-3	2010	The molecular modeling of the substrate binding domain of Hsc70 and in silico docking experiments using Ser/Thr-O-GlcNAc motifs allowed to define the potential carbohydrate-recognition region and to point out the crucial position of Arg469 as an amino-acid directly interacting with the sugar moiety.	Carbohydrates	160-172	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8	Homo sapiens	58-63
20558738-2	2010	In humans, ACLY is the cytoplasmic enzyme linking energy metabolism from carbohydrates to the production of fatty acids.	Carbohydrates	73-86	ATP citrate lyase	Homo sapiens	11-15
20374682-7	2010	MOM2 selected the same food items for Ca, a few more for fat and vitamin C, and a few less for carbohydrates and dietary fibre than forward regression.	Carbohydrates	95-108	ATP synthase F1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	0-4
20304457-4	2010	Carbohydrate analyses revealed that trimeric Env produced in GnTI(-/-) cells contained exclusively oligomannose N-glycans, with incompletely trimmed oligomannose glycans predominating.	Carbohydrates	0-12	endogenous retrovirus group K member 20	Homo sapiens	45-48
20423923-7	2010	Surfactant protein D appears particularly adapted to interactions with complex carbohydrates and anionic phospholipids, such as phosphatidylinositol.	Carbohydrates	79-92	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	0-20
20445255-0	2010	Cloning, expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the N-terminal carbohydrate-recognition domain of human galectin-4.	Carbohydrates	112-124	galectin 4	Homo sapiens	153-163
20445255-3	2010	In order to explore its potential as a target for anticancer drug design, elucidation of the structural basis of the carbohydrate-binding specificities of galectin-4 has been focused on.	Carbohydrates	117-129	galectin 4	Homo sapiens	155-165
20445255-4	2010	As an initial step, the N-terminal carbohydrate-recognition domain of human galectin-4 (hGal4-CRD-1) has been successfully crystallized using the vapour-diffusion technique, a complete data set has been collected to 2.2 A resolution and the structure has been solved by the molecular-replacement technique.	Carbohydrates	35-47	galectin 4	Homo sapiens	76-86
20118432-9	2010	1, pigs fed diets with DWP or CHO had increased ADG (P = 0.02 and P = 0.01) and ADFI (P = 0.01) compared with pigs fed the control diet during phase 1.	Carbohydrates	30-33	ADG	Sus scrofa	48-51
20118432-13	2010	2, pigs fed diets with CHO had increased ADG (P = 0.08 and P = 0.07) and ADFI (P = 0.04 and P = 0.01) compared with pigs fed the control diet during phases 1 and 2.	Carbohydrates	23-26	ADG	Sus scrofa	41-44
20118432-14	2010	Pigs fed diets with CHO had increased ADFI (P = 0.08 and P = 0.07) in phases 1 and 2 and increased ADG (P = 0.02) in phase 2 compared with pigs fed diets with DWP.	Carbohydrates	20-23	ADG	Sus scrofa	99-102
20118432-21	2010	2 and 3, indicated that overall ADG (P = 0.05 and P = 0.04) and ADFI (P = 0.04) were increased in pigs fed diets with DWP or CHO compared with pigs fed the control diet.	Carbohydrates	125-128	ADG	Sus scrofa	32-35
20207732-6	2010	Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, surface plasmon resonance, and carbohydrate competition assays, we show that SP-D interacts with A2M both in solid phase (K(D) of 7.33 nM) and in solution via lectin-carbohydrate interactions under physiological calcium conditions.	Carbohydrates	208-220	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	119-123
20127679-5	2010	By deletion of the carbohydrate-recognition domain region and mutation of crucial amino acids involved in carbohydrate-recognition of LSECtin and by inhibition of the N-linked glycosylation of CD44, we further demonstrated that the interaction between CD44 and LSECtin is dependent on protein-glycan recognition.	Carbohydrates	19-31	C-type lectin domain family 4 member G	Homo sapiens	134-141
20127679-5	2010	By deletion of the carbohydrate-recognition domain region and mutation of crucial amino acids involved in carbohydrate-recognition of LSECtin and by inhibition of the N-linked glycosylation of CD44, we further demonstrated that the interaction between CD44 and LSECtin is dependent on protein-glycan recognition.	Carbohydrates	19-31	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Homo sapiens	193-197
20127679-5	2010	By deletion of the carbohydrate-recognition domain region and mutation of crucial amino acids involved in carbohydrate-recognition of LSECtin and by inhibition of the N-linked glycosylation of CD44, we further demonstrated that the interaction between CD44 and LSECtin is dependent on protein-glycan recognition.	Carbohydrates	19-31	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Homo sapiens	252-256
20127679-5	2010	By deletion of the carbohydrate-recognition domain region and mutation of crucial amino acids involved in carbohydrate-recognition of LSECtin and by inhibition of the N-linked glycosylation of CD44, we further demonstrated that the interaction between CD44 and LSECtin is dependent on protein-glycan recognition.	Carbohydrates	19-31	C-type lectin domain family 4 member G	Homo sapiens	261-268
20127679-5	2010	By deletion of the carbohydrate-recognition domain region and mutation of crucial amino acids involved in carbohydrate-recognition of LSECtin and by inhibition of the N-linked glycosylation of CD44, we further demonstrated that the interaction between CD44 and LSECtin is dependent on protein-glycan recognition.	Carbohydrates	106-118	C-type lectin domain family 4 member G	Homo sapiens	134-141
20377688-0	2010	The Arabidopsis BE1 gene, encoding a putative glycoside hydrolase localized in plastids, plays crucial roles during embryogenesis and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	134-146	Alpha amylase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	16-19
20377688-11	2010	The be1-3 phenotype can be partially rescued by glucose, fructose or sucrose, implying the involvement of BE1 in carbohydrate metabolism in plastids.	Carbohydrates	113-125	Alpha amylase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	4-9
20377688-11	2010	The be1-3 phenotype can be partially rescued by glucose, fructose or sucrose, implying the involvement of BE1 in carbohydrate metabolism in plastids.	Carbohydrates	113-125	Alpha amylase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	106-109
20163714-11	2010	For example, malaria-induced cross-reactive IgG1 responses were found to target the carbohydrate component of the helminth antigen, as they were not detected following periodate treatment.	Carbohydrates	84-96	LOC105243590	Mus musculus	44-48
19951950-4	2010	There are four possible ligand types on apoptotic cells that could recruit fH: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and DNA.	Carbohydrates	89-102	complement factor H	Homo sapiens	75-77
19818339-3	2009	Here we describe the cloning and characterization of uninflatable (uif), a gene that encodes a large transmembrane protein containing carbohydrate binding and cell signaling motifs in its extracellular domain.	Carbohydrates	134-146	uninflatable	Drosophila melanogaster	67-70
20001959-2	2009	Insulin signalling in the fly, as in mammals, regulates a number of physiological functions, including carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, tissue growth and longevity.	Carbohydrates	103-115	Insulin-like receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	0-7
19748674-3	2009	Here, we report the crystal structure of the chP3 Fab and its computer-docking model with the trisaccharide NeuGcalpha3Galbeta4Glcbeta, which represents the carbohydrate moiety of the tumor-antigen NeuGc-GM3.	Carbohydrates	157-169	tescalcin	Homo sapiens	45-49
19656172-5	2009	In mice, suramin significantly reduced the upregulation of the carbohydrate HNK-1 on the Schwann cells in the distal nerve stump that normally occurs during motor axon regeneration.	Carbohydrates	63-75	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	76-81
19439329-0	2009	Low-carbohydrate diet disrupts the association between insulin resistance and weight gain.	Carbohydrates	4-16	insulin	Cavia porcellus	55-62
19439329-17	2009	The association between weight gain and insulin resistance seems to be dependent on high carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	89-101	insulin	Cavia porcellus	40-47
19587235-9	2009	These results identify a previously undescribed role of carbohydrate-dependent cell-BM interaction in tumor suppression and its control by beta3GnT1 and LARGE.	Carbohydrates	56-68	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	139-148
19541632-9	2009	Because the catalytic activity of Gas1 is required for telomeric silencing, Gas1 localizes to the nuclear periphery, and Gas1 and Sir2 physically interact, we propose a model in which carbohydrate modification of chromatin components provides a new regulatory element that may be critical for chromatin function but which is virtually unexplored in the current landscape of chromatin analysis.	Carbohydrates	184-196	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	130-134
19435858-8	2009	Expression of hepatic stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), regulated primarily by the dietary carbohydrate, was also markedly reduced in the HPD group (similar to plasma triglyceride levels in fasting animals) relative to the CD group.	Carbohydrates	91-103	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Rattus norvegicus	22-47
19435858-8	2009	Expression of hepatic stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), regulated primarily by the dietary carbohydrate, was also markedly reduced in the HPD group (similar to plasma triglyceride levels in fasting animals) relative to the CD group.	Carbohydrates	91-103	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Rattus norvegicus	49-53
19361287-2	2009	A highly efficient separation of alpha2-3- and alpha2-6-sialylated ganglioside species of different carbohydrate chain length was achieved on an HILIC-amido column, followed by sensitive flow-through ESI-QTOF-MS detection and unambiguous structural identification by tandem MS experiments.	Carbohydrates	100-112	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	47-55
19295453-0	2009	Follow-up study of K-ras mutations in the plasma of patients with pancreatic cancer: correlation with clinical features and carbohydrate antigen 19-9.	Carbohydrates	124-136	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	19-24
19265068-1	2009	The primary aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that training with reduced carbohydrate availability from both endogenous and exogenous sources provides an enhanced stimulus for training-induced heat shock protein (HSP) adaptations of skeletal muscle.	Carbohydrates	91-103	heat shock protein 90 beta family member 2, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	211-229
19265068-1	2009	The primary aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that training with reduced carbohydrate availability from both endogenous and exogenous sources provides an enhanced stimulus for training-induced heat shock protein (HSP) adaptations of skeletal muscle.	Carbohydrates	91-103	heat shock protein 90 beta family member 2, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	231-234
19265195-0	2009	Learning/memory impairment and reduced expression of the HNK-1 carbohydrate in beta4-galactosyltransferase-II-deficient mice.	Carbohydrates	63-75	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	57-62
19265195-6	2009	Immunohistochemistry showed that the amount of HNK-1 carbohydrate was markedly decreased in the brain of beta4GalT-II(-/-) mice, whereas the expression of polysialic acid was not affected.	Carbohydrates	53-65	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	47-52
19265195-7	2009	Furthermore, mice deficient in glucuronyltransferase (GlcAT-P), which is responsible for the biosynthesis of the HNK-1 carbohydrate, also showed impaired spatial learning/memory as described in our previous report, although their motor coordination/learning was normal as shown in this study.	Carbohydrates	119-131	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	54-61
19265195-7	2009	Furthermore, mice deficient in glucuronyltransferase (GlcAT-P), which is responsible for the biosynthesis of the HNK-1 carbohydrate, also showed impaired spatial learning/memory as described in our previous report, although their motor coordination/learning was normal as shown in this study.	Carbohydrates	119-131	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	113-118
19265195-9	2009	These results suggest that the Galbeta1-4GlcNAc structure in the HNK-1 carbohydrate is mainly synthesized by beta4GalT-II and that the glycans synthesized by beta4GalT-II have essential roles in higher brain functions, including some that are HNK-1-dependent and some that are not.	Carbohydrates	71-83	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	65-70
19265195-9	2009	These results suggest that the Galbeta1-4GlcNAc structure in the HNK-1 carbohydrate is mainly synthesized by beta4GalT-II and that the glycans synthesized by beta4GalT-II have essential roles in higher brain functions, including some that are HNK-1-dependent and some that are not.	Carbohydrates	71-83	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	243-248
19508372-7	2009	The role of the carbohydrate portion of AGP in modulating neutrophil responses was further strengthened by showing that synthetic glycoconjugates carrying oligosaccharides with terminal alpha2-3 or alpha2-6 linked sialic acid were able to mimic the Ca(2+)-mobilizing effect of AGP whereas a synthetic glycoconjugate carrying SLe(x) was not.	Carbohydrates	16-28	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	198-206
19150453-3	2009	The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of systemic injection of the CB1 receptor agonist, ACEA, on protein, carbohydrates and fat intake as well as on the behavioural satiety sequence (BSS) in pre-satiated rats.	Carbohydrates	126-139	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	86-89
18780155-5	2009	Low glucokinase (GK) activity is reported to be a principal feature of feline hepatic carbohydrate metabolism but the molecular pathways that regulate GK activity are not known.	Carbohydrates	86-98	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	4-15
18780155-5	2009	Low glucokinase (GK) activity is reported to be a principal feature of feline hepatic carbohydrate metabolism but the molecular pathways that regulate GK activity are not known.	Carbohydrates	86-98	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	17-19
19177340-2	2009	Treatment with a recombinant fragment of human SP-D consisting of a short collagen-like stalk (but not the entire collagen-like domain of native SP-D), neck, and carbohydrate recognizing domain (CRD) inhibits development of emphysema-like pathology in SP-D deficient mice.	Carbohydrates	162-174	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	47-51
19166967-6	2009	Stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase-1 (SCD1) is a delta-9 fatty acid desaturase that converts saturated fatty acids into monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and this activity is elevated by dietary carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	192-204	stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1	Mus musculus	0-32
19166967-6	2009	Stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase-1 (SCD1) is a delta-9 fatty acid desaturase that converts saturated fatty acids into monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and this activity is elevated by dietary carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	192-204	stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1	Mus musculus	34-38
19166967-8	2009	In this review, we address the association of high-carbohydrate diets with increased SCD activity and summarize the current literature on the subject of SCD1 and body weight regulation.	Carbohydrates	51-63	stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1	Mus musculus	85-88
19246296-0	2009	[Prokaryotic expression of Balb/C mouse MBL-A carbohydrate recognition domain].	Carbohydrates	46-58	mannose-binding lectin (protein A) 1	Mus musculus	40-45
19246296-1	2009	OBJECTIVE: To express the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of Balb/C mouse mannan binding lectin A (MBL-A) in E.coli.	Carbohydrates	26-38	mannose-binding lectin (protein A) 1	Mus musculus	80-103
19246296-1	2009	OBJECTIVE: To express the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of Balb/C mouse mannan binding lectin A (MBL-A) in E.coli.	Carbohydrates	26-38	mannose-binding lectin (protein A) 1	Mus musculus	105-110
19171025-3	2009	Some carbohydrates and amino acids differed ten-fold in abundance between PsbS-lacking mutants and over-expressers, with wild-type plants having intermediate amounts, showing that a metabolic shift had occurred.	Carbohydrates	5-18	Chlorophyll A-B binding family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	74-78
19337380-0	2009	Conservation of carbohydrate binding interfaces: evidence of human HBGA selection in norovirus evolution.	Carbohydrates	16-28	hemoglobin subunit gamma 1	Homo sapiens	67-71
18951906-0	2008	Probing the role of aromatic residues at the secondary saccharide-binding sites of human salivary alpha-amylase in substrate hydrolysis and bacterial binding.	Carbohydrates	55-65	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	89-111
18675319-4	2008	Among them, lec-2-5 were found to encode 31-35-kDa polypeptides containing two carbohydrate-recognition domains similar to the previously characterized lec-1, whereas lec-8-11 were found to encode 16-27-kDa polypeptides containing a single carbohydrate-recognition domain and a C-terminal tail of unknown function.	Carbohydrates	79-91	Galectin	Caenorhabditis elegans	12-19
18675319-4	2008	Among them, lec-2-5 were found to encode 31-35-kDa polypeptides containing two carbohydrate-recognition domains similar to the previously characterized lec-1, whereas lec-8-11 were found to encode 16-27-kDa polypeptides containing a single carbohydrate-recognition domain and a C-terminal tail of unknown function.	Carbohydrates	240-252	Galectin	Caenorhabditis elegans	12-19
18556348-0	2008	Hepatic expression of the SPOT 14 (S14) paralog S14-related (Mid1 interacting protein) is regulated by dietary carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	111-123	thyroid hormone responsive	Mus musculus	26-33
18556348-0	2008	Hepatic expression of the SPOT 14 (S14) paralog S14-related (Mid1 interacting protein) is regulated by dietary carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	111-123	thyroid hormone responsive	Mus musculus	35-38
18556348-12	2008	In conclusion, our results indicate that the S14-R gene is a glucose-responsive target of carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein/Mlx and suggest that the S14-R protein is a compensatory factor, at least partially responsible for the normal liver lipogenesis observed in the S14 null mouse.	Carbohydrates	90-102	thyroid hormone responsive	Mus musculus	45-48
18806092-0	2008	Perilipin polymorphism interacts with dietary carbohydrates to modulate anthropometric traits in hispanics of Caribbean origin.	Carbohydrates	46-59	perilipin 1	Homo sapiens	0-9
19704530-7	2008	SUSY may serve to allocate sucrose into callose deposition and other carbohydrate-consuming defense reactions.	Carbohydrates	69-81	sucrose synthase	Nicotiana tabacum	0-4
18650447-2	2008	Here we report that the sustained alpha4beta1 activation associated with macrophage differentiation results from expression of beta1 integrin subunits that lack alpha2-6-linked sialic acids, a carbohydrate modification added by the ST6Gal-I sialyltransferase.	Carbohydrates	193-205	integrin subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	127-141
18650447-2	2008	Here we report that the sustained alpha4beta1 activation associated with macrophage differentiation results from expression of beta1 integrin subunits that lack alpha2-6-linked sialic acids, a carbohydrate modification added by the ST6Gal-I sialyltransferase.	Carbohydrates	193-205	ST6 beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	232-240
18667524-0	2008	Automated measurement of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin using the Bio-Rad %CDT by the HPLC test on a Variant HPLC system: evaluation and comparison with other routine procedures.	Carbohydrates	25-37	RRAD, Ras related glycolysis inhibitor and calcium channel regulator	Homo sapiens	74-77
18646839-0	2008	BALLDock/SLICK: a new method for protein-carbohydrate docking.	Carbohydrates	41-53	potassium sodium-activated channel subfamily T member 2	Homo sapiens	9-14
18632577-4	2008	The crystal structure suggests that most of the UL18 surface, except where LIR-1 and the host-derived light chain bind, is covered by carbohydrates attached to 13 potential N-glycosylation sites, thereby preventing access to bound peptide and association with most MHCI-binding proteins.	Carbohydrates	134-147	membrane glycoprotein UL18	Human betaherpesvirus 5	48-52
18635970-7	2008	Cyclin D1 regulated transcriptional pathways involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, and other substrates, whereas cyclin D2 did not regulate these pathways despite having an equivalent effect on proliferation.	Carbohydrates	75-88	cyclin D1	Mus musculus	0-9
18612433-3	2008	The carbohydrate-dependent binding of galectin-4 at the CD3 epitope is fully functional and inhibited T cell activation, cycling and expansion.	Carbohydrates	4-16	galectin 4	Homo sapiens	38-48
18468620-0	2008	MuRF1-dependent regulation of systemic carbohydrate metabolism as revealed from transgenic mouse studies.	Carbohydrates	39-51	tripartite motif-containing 63	Mus musculus	0-5
18468620-7	2008	Consistent with the idea that MuRF1 may regulate carbohydrate metabolism, MuRF1-TG mice had twofold elevated insulin blood levels and lower hepatic glycogen contents.	Carbohydrates	49-61	tripartite motif-containing 63	Mus musculus	30-35
18468620-7	2008	Consistent with the idea that MuRF1 may regulate carbohydrate metabolism, MuRF1-TG mice had twofold elevated insulin blood levels and lower hepatic glycogen contents.	Carbohydrates	49-61	tripartite motif-containing 63	Mus musculus	74-79
18468620-8	2008	To further examine MuRF1"s role for systemic carbohydrate regulation, we performed glucose tolerance tests (GTT) in wild type and MuRF1-TG mice.	Carbohydrates	45-57	tripartite motif-containing 63	Mus musculus	19-24
18413234-2	2008	Its carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) contains a hydrophobic pocket that can accommodate the farnesyl moiety of K-Ras.	Carbohydrates	4-16	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	116-121
18189317-4	2008	Because the effects of multivalent carbohydrate resemble those caused by the addition of anti-GalC/Sulf antibodies to OLs and because GalC and Sulf can interact with each other by trans carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions across apposed membranes, these results support the conclusion that the OL receptor for GalC/Sulf in liposomes is GalC/Sulf in the OL membrane.	Carbohydrates	186-198	galactosylceramidase	Homo sapiens	134-138
18189317-4	2008	Because the effects of multivalent carbohydrate resemble those caused by the addition of anti-GalC/Sulf antibodies to OLs and because GalC and Sulf can interact with each other by trans carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions across apposed membranes, these results support the conclusion that the OL receptor for GalC/Sulf in liposomes is GalC/Sulf in the OL membrane.	Carbohydrates	186-198	galactosylceramidase	Homo sapiens	134-138
18189317-4	2008	Because the effects of multivalent carbohydrate resemble those caused by the addition of anti-GalC/Sulf antibodies to OLs and because GalC and Sulf can interact with each other by trans carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions across apposed membranes, these results support the conclusion that the OL receptor for GalC/Sulf in liposomes is GalC/Sulf in the OL membrane.	Carbohydrates	186-198	galactosylceramidase	Homo sapiens	134-138
18189317-4	2008	Because the effects of multivalent carbohydrate resemble those caused by the addition of anti-GalC/Sulf antibodies to OLs and because GalC and Sulf can interact with each other by trans carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions across apposed membranes, these results support the conclusion that the OL receptor for GalC/Sulf in liposomes is GalC/Sulf in the OL membrane.	Carbohydrates	186-198	galactosylceramidase	Homo sapiens	134-138
18189317-4	2008	Because the effects of multivalent carbohydrate resemble those caused by the addition of anti-GalC/Sulf antibodies to OLs and because GalC and Sulf can interact with each other by trans carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions across apposed membranes, these results support the conclusion that the OL receptor for GalC/Sulf in liposomes is GalC/Sulf in the OL membrane.	Carbohydrates	186-198	galactosylceramidase	Homo sapiens	134-138
18189317-4	2008	Because the effects of multivalent carbohydrate resemble those caused by the addition of anti-GalC/Sulf antibodies to OLs and because GalC and Sulf can interact with each other by trans carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions across apposed membranes, these results support the conclusion that the OL receptor for GalC/Sulf in liposomes is GalC/Sulf in the OL membrane.	Carbohydrates	186-198	galactosylceramidase	Homo sapiens	134-138
18410580-1	2008	BACKGROUND: Overexpression of fatty acid synthase (FAS), the cytosolic enzyme responsible for the conversion of dietary carbohydrates to fatty acids, has been reported in several human malignancies and pointed as a potential prognostic marker for some tumors.	Carbohydrates	120-133	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	30-49
18410580-1	2008	BACKGROUND: Overexpression of fatty acid synthase (FAS), the cytosolic enzyme responsible for the conversion of dietary carbohydrates to fatty acids, has been reported in several human malignancies and pointed as a potential prognostic marker for some tumors.	Carbohydrates	120-133	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	51-54
18330990-5	2008	In addition, the PGM-treated microplates were shown to create specific interactions between F-WGA and the PGM by use of a competitive carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	134-146	phosphoglucomutase, cytoplasmic	Triticum aestivum	17-20
18330990-5	2008	In addition, the PGM-treated microplates were shown to create specific interactions between F-WGA and the PGM by use of a competitive carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	134-146	phosphoglucomutase, cytoplasmic	Triticum aestivum	106-109
18330990-7	2008	The interaction between the PGM-treated microplate and P(MAA-g-EG) WGA was again shown to be specific by adding a competitive carbohydrate, while the interaction between P(MAA-g-EG) and the PGM-treated microplate was nonspecific.	Carbohydrates	126-138	phosphoglucomutase, cytoplasmic	Triticum aestivum	28-31
18524173-1	2008	High-carbohydrate diets reduce plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol but also provoke the appearance of an atherogenic lipoprotein profile (ALP).	Carbohydrates	5-17	ATHS	Homo sapiens	151-154
18393130-2	2008	To further elucidate the role of these genes in the pathophysiology of obesity the present study investigated associations between certain polymorphisms in ADRB2 and ADRB3 and parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in a population of African origin.	Carbohydrates	190-202	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	156-161
18239077-0	2008	Adding protein to a carbohydrate supplement provided after endurance exercise enhances 4E-BP1 and RPS6 signaling in skeletal muscle.	Carbohydrates	20-32	ribosomal protein S6	Rattus norvegicus	98-102
18180932-2	2008	Carbohydrates stimulate hepatic glycolytic activity, but gene expression of the rate-limiting gluconeogenic enzymes glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) remains high.	Carbohydrates	0-13	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase	Oncorhynchus mykiss	189-222
18180932-2	2008	Carbohydrates stimulate hepatic glycolytic activity, but gene expression of the rate-limiting gluconeogenic enzymes glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) remains high.	Carbohydrates	0-13	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase	Oncorhynchus mykiss	224-229
18180932-4	2008	We tested the hypothesis that dietary carbohydrate modulates intestinal and renal G6Pase, FBPase and PEPCK.	Carbohydrates	38-50	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase	Oncorhynchus mykiss	101-106
17924136-0	2008	Tie-dyed1 and sucrose export defective1 act independently to promote carbohydrate export from maize leaves.	Carbohydrates	69-81	predicted GPI-anchored protein 58	Zea mays	0-9
18249034-0	2008	Sweet preferences of MGL: carbohydrate specificity and function.	Carbohydrates	26-38	C-type lectin domain containing 10A	Homo sapiens	21-24
18037501-1	2008	IgM paraproteins in about 50% of the patients with neuropathy associated with IgM gammopathy react with carbohydrate moieties in myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and in sulfated glucuronic glycolipids (SGGLs) in human peripheral nerves.	Carbohydrates	104-116	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	129-159
18037501-1	2008	IgM paraproteins in about 50% of the patients with neuropathy associated with IgM gammopathy react with carbohydrate moieties in myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and in sulfated glucuronic glycolipids (SGGLs) in human peripheral nerves.	Carbohydrates	104-116	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	161-164
19776624-11	2008	We propose that increased GLO1 in the BC-17 strain supports its need to protect against dietary oxidants resulting from high carbohydrate intake.	Carbohydrates	125-137	glyoxalase 1	Mus musculus	26-30
19005577-5	2008	The existence of saccharides in G-6 was demonstrated by the phenol-sulfuric acid method.	Carbohydrates	17-28	chloride intracellular channel 1	Homo sapiens	32-35
17999659-0	2008	RNA interference-mediated repression of sucrose-phosphatase in transgenic potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum) strongly affects the hexose-to-sucrose ratio upon cold storage with only minor effects on total soluble carbohydrate accumulation.	Carbohydrates	212-224	sucrose-phosphatase	Solanum tuberosum	40-59
17999659-2	2008	The aim of this work was to investigate the role of sucrose-phosphatase (SPP) in potato tuber carbohydrate metabolism at low temperature (4 degrees C).	Carbohydrates	94-106	sucrose-phosphatase	Solanum tuberosum	52-71
17999659-2	2008	The aim of this work was to investigate the role of sucrose-phosphatase (SPP) in potato tuber carbohydrate metabolism at low temperature (4 degrees C).	Carbohydrates	94-106	sucrose-phosphatase	Solanum tuberosum	73-76
18288283-1	2008	Gene expression data obtained in mouse heart indicate that increased expression for the nuclear receptor, peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), prompts the postnatal transition from predominantly carbohydrate to fatty acid oxidation preference.	Carbohydrates	221-233	estrogen receptor	Ovis aries	88-104
18054317-7	2007	These results indicate that hepatic SCD1 expression (and thus, oleate) is required for carbohydrate-induced adiposity, but SCD1 inhibition in extrahepatic tissues is required to protect mice from HF-induced obesity and insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	87-99	stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1	Mus musculus	36-40
17935701-0	2007	Distributions of glucuronyltransferases, GlcAT-P and GlcAT-S, and their target substrate, the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope in the adult mouse brain with or without a targeted deletion of the GlcAT-P gene.	Carbohydrates	100-112	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	94-99
17935701-2	2007	It is known that the HNK-1 carbohydrate is synthesized through two key enzymes, glucuronyltransferases (GlcAT-P and GlcAT-S).	Carbohydrates	27-39	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	21-26
17935701-6	2007	It was shown histologically that the localization of HNK-1 carbohydrate paralleled the pattern of expression of GlcAT transcripts in the brain.	Carbohydrates	59-71	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	53-58
17935701-7	2007	Additionally, the localization of HNK-1 carbohydrate was restricted partially in the brain of GlcAT-P-deficient mice, while the HNK-1 carbohydrate was widely distributed over most of the brain of wild-type mice.	Carbohydrates	40-52	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	34-39
17935701-7	2007	Additionally, the localization of HNK-1 carbohydrate was restricted partially in the brain of GlcAT-P-deficient mice, while the HNK-1 carbohydrate was widely distributed over most of the brain of wild-type mice.	Carbohydrates	134-146	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	128-133
17935701-8	2007	The present study provides a new framework for understanding the network constructed by the HNK-1 carbohydrate in the central nervous system.	Carbohydrates	98-110	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	92-97
17983578-1	2007	The NAD-dependent deacetylase SIRT1 regulates lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and has been shown to extend life span in several species.	Carbohydrates	56-68	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	30-35
17923673-4	2007	Contrary to previous studies that have suggested that increased fat oxidation might result in lower glucose oxidation, both fat and carbohydrate oxidation were simultaneously increased in Acc2(-/-) mice.	Carbohydrates	132-144	acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase beta	Mus musculus	188-192
17854493-2	2007	A prominent example is the control of carbohydrate uptake systems by the transcription factor Crp in Escherichia coli.	Carbohydrates	38-50	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	94-97
17823443-7	2007	SCD expression in response to isocaloric dietary change was most strongly correlated with carbohydrate intake (P = 0.019) and, with the low-carbohydrate diet, SCD expression was inversely correlated with saturated fat intake (P = 0.05).	Carbohydrates	90-102	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	0-3
17823443-7	2007	SCD expression in response to isocaloric dietary change was most strongly correlated with carbohydrate intake (P = 0.019) and, with the low-carbohydrate diet, SCD expression was inversely correlated with saturated fat intake (P = 0.05).	Carbohydrates	140-152	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	159-162
17823443-9	2007	CONCLUSIONS: SCD expression in adipose tissue is independently regulated by weight loss and by carbohydrate and saturated fat intakes.	Carbohydrates	95-107	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	13-16
18240567-1	2007	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARdelta) regulates expression of genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	113-125	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens	0-48
18240567-1	2007	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARdelta) regulates expression of genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	113-125	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens	50-59
17660352-8	2007	These results demonstrate that NtAGP plays a crucial role in the morphogenesis of petal limbs in "Xanthi" through the synthesis of starch, which is the main carbohydrate source for expansion growth of petal limbs, in sepal tissues.	Carbohydrates	157-169	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase small subunit, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Nicotiana tabacum	31-36
17649979-0	2007	Thermodynamic and structural studies of carbohydrate binding by the agrin-G3 domain.	Carbohydrates	40-52	agrin	Homo sapiens	68-73
17649979-3	2007	ITC and NMR were used to study the interactions of the C-terminal domain, agrin-G3, with carbohydrates implicated in agrin"s functions.	Carbohydrates	89-102	agrin	Homo sapiens	74-79
17649979-3	2007	ITC and NMR were used to study the interactions of the C-terminal domain, agrin-G3, with carbohydrates implicated in agrin"s functions.	Carbohydrates	89-102	agrin	Homo sapiens	117-122
17649979-12	2007	Comparisons between the muscle (B0) and neuronal (B8) isoforms of the agrin domain showed very similar Ca2+ and carbohydrate binding properties.	Carbohydrates	112-124	agrin	Homo sapiens	70-75
17649979-13	2007	Our work identifies agrin-G3 as a functional analogue of the concanavalin A-type lectins, highlights functional similarities between agrin and laminin G domains, and provides mechanistic clues about the roles of carbohydrates in agrin"s functions.	Carbohydrates	212-225	agrin	Homo sapiens	20-25
17592141-7	2007	It also preserved the activation state of enzymes depending on the Fd-thioredoxin pathway, which correlated with higher levels of intermediates of carbohydrate metabolism and the Calvin cycle, as well as increased contents of sucrose, glutamate, and other amino acids.	Carbohydrates	147-159	ferredoxin	Nicotiana tabacum	67-69
17367575-2	2007	We have recently shown that the endogenous GLP-1 production is promoted by dietary non-digestible carbohydrates (oligofructose), the higher GLP-1 secretion could participate in the control of obesity and associated disorders.	Carbohydrates	98-111	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	43-48
17367575-3	2007	This experimental study was designed to highlight the mechanisms of endogenous increase of GLP-1 following non-digestible carbohydrate feeding.	Carbohydrates	122-134	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	91-96
17893999-14	2007	CEA, CA19-9, CA125, and CA15-3 contain carbohydrate motifs and thus they may be involved in synovitis-associated adhesive events.	Carbohydrates	39-51	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	13-18
17369282-0	2007	ATP-depleting carbohydrates prevent tumor necrosis factor receptor 1-dependent apoptotic and necrotic liver injury in mice.	Carbohydrates	14-27	tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1a	Mus musculus	36-68
17342176-4	2007	In the absence of galactose, the terminal saccharide of O-linked chains in the hinge region of IgA1 is terminal or sialylated N-acetylgalactosamine.	Carbohydrates	42-52	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1	Homo sapiens	95-99
17434986-0	2007	tie-dyed1 Functions non-cell autonomously to control carbohydrate accumulation in maize leaves.	Carbohydrates	53-65	predicted GPI-anchored protein 58	Zea mays	0-9
17434986-1	2007	The tie-dyed1 (tdy1) mutant of maize (Zea mays) produces chlorotic, anthocyanin-accumulating regions in leaves due to the hyperaccumulation of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	143-156	predicted GPI-anchored protein 58	Zea mays	4-13
17434986-1	2007	The tie-dyed1 (tdy1) mutant of maize (Zea mays) produces chlorotic, anthocyanin-accumulating regions in leaves due to the hyperaccumulation of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	143-156	predicted GPI-anchored protein 58	Zea mays	15-19
17417879-4	2007	Trimeric neck-carbohydrate recognition domains (NCRDs) of rat and human SP-D exhibited dose-dependent, calcium-dependent, and inositol-sensitive binding to solid-phase PI and to multilamellar PI liposomes.	Carbohydrates	14-26	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	72-76
17533582-0	2007	Metabolic stress with a high carbohydrate diet increases adiponectin levels.	Carbohydrates	29-41	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	57-68
17218941-5	2007	Recently, it has been shown that carbohydrate modification, molecular chaperone engagement, and ubiquitylation all play pivotal roles in regulating the degradation/stability of tyrosinase.	Carbohydrates	33-45	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	177-187
17430224-1	2007	Fondaparinux is a synthetic, five-saccharide chain, AT-dependent, anti-FXa agent.	Carbohydrates	34-44	coagulation factor X	Homo sapiens	71-74
17329902-2	2007	The aldol reaction of the carbohydrate-containing pyrone 7 with the aldehyde 6 was accomplished by using LiHMDS and Sc(OTf)3 or Sn(OTf)2.	Carbohydrates	26-38	POU class 2 homeobox 2	Homo sapiens	128-136
17293874-0	2007	Structures of the Cd44-hyaluronan complex provide insight into a fundamental carbohydrate-protein interaction.	Carbohydrates	77-89	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Homo sapiens	18-22
17157030-1	2007	The HNK-1 carbohydrate is detectable in perineuronal nets around inhibitory neurons in the hippocampus and neocortex.	Carbohydrates	10-22	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	4-9
17514488-4	2007	NA inhibition by SP-D correlates with binding of its carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) to oligomannose oligosaccharides on the viral hemagglutinin (HA).	Carbohydrates	53-65	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	17-21
16973732-7	2007	These observations indicated that the carbohydrates synthesized by Fut9 play critical roles in functional regulations of interneurons in the amygdalar subdivisions and suggested a role for the Le(x) structure in some aspects of emotional behavior in mice.	Carbohydrates	38-51	fucosyltransferase 9	Mus musculus	67-71
20507479-3	2007	Within each of the four predicted chitin-binding hevein domains, the HFR-3 translated protein sequence contained five conserved saccharide-binding amino acids.	Carbohydrates	128-138	agglutinin isolectin 3-like	Triticum aestivum	69-74
17957128-5	2007	The glycosylation profile in the carbohydrate moieties of these differently charged IgA1 was analyzed by galactose (Gal)-, galactose-acetylgalactosamine (Gal-GalNAc)-, or sialic acid-specific enzyme-linked lectin binding assays (ELLA).	Carbohydrates	33-45	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1	Homo sapiens	84-88
17046547-6	2006	As part of an analysis of results previously published from this data set, 7 genes in the carbohydrate metabolism pathway changed in response to the HF/LCD, and 3 genes were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction: fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isoenzyme 4 (PDK4), and glycogen synthase 1 (muscle).	Carbohydrates	90-102	6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3	Mus musculus	279-285
17046547-6	2006	As part of an analysis of results previously published from this data set, 7 genes in the carbohydrate metabolism pathway changed in response to the HF/LCD, and 3 genes were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction: fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isoenzyme 4 (PDK4), and glycogen synthase 1 (muscle).	Carbohydrates	90-102	glycogen synthase 1, muscle	Mus musculus	343-371
16958115-2	2006	We tested the therapeutic potential of functional mimics of the human natural killer cell glycan (3-sulfoglucuronyl beta1-3 galactoside) (HNK-1) epitope, a carbohydrate indicated to favor specificity of motor reinnervation in mice.	Carbohydrates	156-168	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	116-123
17002642-6	2006	ABO(H) carbohydrate antigenic determinants, however, are expressed on the N-linked glycan chains of circulating plasma VWF.	Carbohydrates	7-19	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-3
16938851-3	2006	To ascertain the importance of the carbohydrate chain sulfation step in KS functionality, we generated a strain of mice with a targeted gene deletion in Chst5, which encodes an N-acetylglucosamine-6-O-sulfotransferase that is integral to the sulfation of KS chains.	Carbohydrates	35-47	carbohydrate (N-acetylglucosamine 6-O) sulfotransferase 5	Mus musculus	153-158
16809440-1	2006	Spot 14 (S14) is a protein whose mRNA is rapidly up-regulated by lipogenic stimuli including thyroid hormone and a high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	120-132	thyroid hormone responsive	Mus musculus	0-7
16809440-1	2006	Spot 14 (S14) is a protein whose mRNA is rapidly up-regulated by lipogenic stimuli including thyroid hormone and a high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	120-132	thyroid hormone responsive	Mus musculus	9-12
16817962-4	2006	Through investigation of the inhibition of Env binding to cell lines expressing CD4, CCR5, DC-SIGN, syndecans or combinations thereof, we found that the broadly neutralizing mAb, 2G12, directed to a unique carbohydrate epitope of gp120, inhibited Env-CCR5 binding, partially inhibited Env-DC-SIGN binding, but had no effect on Env-syndecan association.	Carbohydrates	206-218	endogenous retrovirus group K member 20	Homo sapiens	247-250
16817962-4	2006	Through investigation of the inhibition of Env binding to cell lines expressing CD4, CCR5, DC-SIGN, syndecans or combinations thereof, we found that the broadly neutralizing mAb, 2G12, directed to a unique carbohydrate epitope of gp120, inhibited Env-CCR5 binding, partially inhibited Env-DC-SIGN binding, but had no effect on Env-syndecan association.	Carbohydrates	206-218	C-C motif chemokine receptor 5	Homo sapiens	251-255
16817962-4	2006	Through investigation of the inhibition of Env binding to cell lines expressing CD4, CCR5, DC-SIGN, syndecans or combinations thereof, we found that the broadly neutralizing mAb, 2G12, directed to a unique carbohydrate epitope of gp120, inhibited Env-CCR5 binding, partially inhibited Env-DC-SIGN binding, but had no effect on Env-syndecan association.	Carbohydrates	206-218	endogenous retrovirus group K member 20	Homo sapiens	247-250
16817962-4	2006	Through investigation of the inhibition of Env binding to cell lines expressing CD4, CCR5, DC-SIGN, syndecans or combinations thereof, we found that the broadly neutralizing mAb, 2G12, directed to a unique carbohydrate epitope of gp120, inhibited Env-CCR5 binding, partially inhibited Env-DC-SIGN binding, but had no effect on Env-syndecan association.	Carbohydrates	206-218	endogenous retrovirus group K member 20	Homo sapiens	247-250
16514117-0	2006	Species differences in the carbohydrate binding preferences of surfactant protein D.	Carbohydrates	27-39	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	63-83
16514117-1	2006	Interactions of surfactant protein D (SP-D) with micro-organisms and organic antigens involve binding to the trimeric neck plus carbohydrate recognition domain (neck+CRD).	Carbohydrates	128-140	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	16-36
16514117-1	2006	Interactions of surfactant protein D (SP-D) with micro-organisms and organic antigens involve binding to the trimeric neck plus carbohydrate recognition domain (neck+CRD).	Carbohydrates	128-140	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	38-42
16514117-8	2006	Thus, ligand recognition by human SP-D involves a complex interplay between saccharide presentation, the valency of trimeric subunits, and species-specific residues that flank the primary carbohydrate binding site.	Carbohydrates	188-200	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	34-38
16732014-0	2006	Perilipin gene variation determines higher susceptibility to insulin resistance in Asian women when consuming a high-saturated fat, low-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	136-148	perilipin 1	Homo sapiens	0-9
16732014-8	2006	However, in women we found statistically significant gene-diet interactions (recessive model) between PLIN 11482G--&gt;A/14995A--&gt;T polymorphisms (in high linkage disequilibrium) and saturated fatty acids (SFAs; P = 0.003/0.005) and carbohydrate (P = 0.004/0.012) in determining HOMA-IR.	Carbohydrates	236-248	perilipin 1	Homo sapiens	102-106
16732014-14	2006	CONCLUSIONS: PLIN 11482G--&gt;A/14995A--&gt;T polymorphisms modulate the association between SFAs/carbohydrate in diet and insulin resistance in Asian women.	Carbohydrates	98-110	perilipin 1	Homo sapiens	13-17
16868911-4	2006	The sugar composition of the short carbohydrate chains characteristic of the IgA1 hinge region has been thoroughly investigated, and a defective glycosylation of serum IgA1 in IgAN patients was detected with increase in desialylated and degalactosylated carbohydrate chains, and exposure of internal N-acetylgalactosamine residues.	Carbohydrates	35-47	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1	Homo sapiens	77-81
16868911-4	2006	The sugar composition of the short carbohydrate chains characteristic of the IgA1 hinge region has been thoroughly investigated, and a defective glycosylation of serum IgA1 in IgAN patients was detected with increase in desialylated and degalactosylated carbohydrate chains, and exposure of internal N-acetylgalactosamine residues.	Carbohydrates	35-47	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1	Homo sapiens	168-172
16868911-4	2006	The sugar composition of the short carbohydrate chains characteristic of the IgA1 hinge region has been thoroughly investigated, and a defective glycosylation of serum IgA1 in IgAN patients was detected with increase in desialylated and degalactosylated carbohydrate chains, and exposure of internal N-acetylgalactosamine residues.	Carbohydrates	254-266	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1	Homo sapiens	77-81
16868911-4	2006	The sugar composition of the short carbohydrate chains characteristic of the IgA1 hinge region has been thoroughly investigated, and a defective glycosylation of serum IgA1 in IgAN patients was detected with increase in desialylated and degalactosylated carbohydrate chains, and exposure of internal N-acetylgalactosamine residues.	Carbohydrates	254-266	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1	Homo sapiens	168-172
16460731-0	2006	BDNF/TrkB signaling regulates HNK-1 carbohydrate expression in regenerating motor nerves and promotes functional recovery after peripheral nerve repair.	Carbohydrates	36-48	neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2	Mus musculus	5-9
16460731-0	2006	BDNF/TrkB signaling regulates HNK-1 carbohydrate expression in regenerating motor nerves and promotes functional recovery after peripheral nerve repair.	Carbohydrates	36-48	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	30-35
16460731-4	2006	A potential candidate is the HNK-1 carbohydrate known to be selectively reexpressed in motor but not sensory nerve branches of the mouse femoral nerve and to enhance growth of motor but not sensory axons in vitro.	Carbohydrates	35-47	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	29-34
16801739-14	2006	On the contrary, the increase of AFA revealed a recovery of fat-metabolism (corresponding to RQ decrease) and lipid/carbohydrates oxidation improvement, only in the presence, at the same time, of O2 consumption increase.	Carbohydrates	116-129	AFA	Homo sapiens	33-36
23105563-5	2006	malayi mf, infective larval and adult worm lysates for the activity of enzymes led to the demonstration of activities of three key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism viz., Malate dehydrogenase (MDH), Malic enzyme (ME) and Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) in all the three stages of the parasite.	Carbohydrates	142-154	malic enzyme 1	Homo sapiens	172-192
23105563-5	2006	malayi mf, infective larval and adult worm lysates for the activity of enzymes led to the demonstration of activities of three key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism viz., Malate dehydrogenase (MDH), Malic enzyme (ME) and Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) in all the three stages of the parasite.	Carbohydrates	142-154	malic enzyme 1	Homo sapiens	194-197
23105563-5	2006	malayi mf, infective larval and adult worm lysates for the activity of enzymes led to the demonstration of activities of three key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism viz., Malate dehydrogenase (MDH), Malic enzyme (ME) and Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) in all the three stages of the parasite.	Carbohydrates	142-154	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	257-262
16489755-5	2006	Fine mapping by surface plasmon resonance analysis and analytical ultracentrifugation of recombinant APP and sorLA fragments further narrowed down the binding domains to the cluster of complement-type repeats in sorLA that forms a 1:1 stoichiometric complex with the carbohydrate-linked domain of APP.	Carbohydrates	267-279	sortilin related receptor 1	Homo sapiens	109-114
16489755-5	2006	Fine mapping by surface plasmon resonance analysis and analytical ultracentrifugation of recombinant APP and sorLA fragments further narrowed down the binding domains to the cluster of complement-type repeats in sorLA that forms a 1:1 stoichiometric complex with the carbohydrate-linked domain of APP.	Carbohydrates	267-279	sortilin related receptor 1	Homo sapiens	212-217
16199260-8	2006	Genetically engineered carbohydrate-deficient mutant human IgA1 antibodies were used to assess the role of carbohydrate in accepting the C4b and C3b depositions, and these studies indicated that the carbohydrate on the Fc-region of IgA1 played a positive role.	Carbohydrates	23-35	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1	Homo sapiens	59-63
16190864-8	2006	This effect was associated with greater binding of salivary gp-340 to the carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-D as compared with the binding of lung gp-340.	Carbohydrates	74-86	deleted in malignant brain tumors 1	Homo sapiens	60-66
16190864-8	2006	This effect was associated with greater binding of salivary gp-340 to the carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-D as compared with the binding of lung gp-340.	Carbohydrates	74-86	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	109-113
16358009-4	2006	Inhibition experiments showed that antibodies generated by tetanus toxoid conjugates of GM3 and GM2 exhibited specificity for the carbohydrate epitope and the stereogenic centres of the ceramide.	Carbohydrates	130-142	granulocyte macrophage antigen 3	Mus musculus	88-91
16732893-5	2006	Insulin administration seems to allow the switch of the cell metabolism from fatty acids to carbohydrates that is required in stress conditions, especially in the myocardium and vascular smooth muscle, resulting in an improvement in cardiac contractility and restored peripheral resistances.	Carbohydrates	92-105	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	0-7
16319128-6	2006	The most significant increase in FH mutants was seen in the expression of carbohydrate metabolism- and glycolysis-related genes.	Carbohydrates	74-86	fumarate hydratase	Homo sapiens	33-35
16141392-7	2005	VGF mutant mice also resisted developing obesity and hyperglycemia in response to a high-fat/high-carbohydrate diet, and after gold thioglucose treatment, which is toxic to hypothalamic glucose-sensitive neurons.	Carbohydrates	98-110	VGF nerve growth factor inducible	Mus musculus	0-3
16338313-3	2005	Sodium/glucose cotransporter-1 (SGLT-1) is a membrane protein responsible for carbohydrate transport across the intestinal brush border membrane.	Carbohydrates	78-90	sodium/glucose cotransporter 1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-30
16338313-3	2005	Sodium/glucose cotransporter-1 (SGLT-1) is a membrane protein responsible for carbohydrate transport across the intestinal brush border membrane.	Carbohydrates	78-90	sodium/glucose cotransporter 1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	32-38
16133214-9	2005	Furthermore, when grown hydroponically, the PII mutants displayed a slight increase in carbohydrate (starch and sugars) levels in response to N starvation and a slight decrease in the levels of ammonium (NH (4) (+) ) and amino acids (mainly Gln) in response to NH (4) (+) resupply.	Carbohydrates	87-99	nitrogen regulatory P-II-like protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	44-47
17193190-3	2005	The saccharide chains of both primers were elongated by cells to give GM3-type oligosaccharide derivatives, which were released to the culture medium.	Carbohydrates	4-14	granulocyte macrophage antigen 3	Mus musculus	70-73
15879149-7	2005	The data support the hypothesis that C1INH plays a direct role in leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion, that the activity is mediated by carbohydrate, and that it is independent of protease inhibitory activity.	Carbohydrates	136-148	serpin family G member 1	Homo sapiens	37-42
15760905-6	2005	To investigate whether the carbohydrate recognition of IL-18 is involved in physiological activities, KG-1 cells were digested with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C before IL-18 stimulation.	Carbohydrates	27-39	interleukin 18	Homo sapiens	55-60
15816015-1	2005	We identified the C-type-lectin-like receptor, Dectin-1, as the major receptor for fungal beta-glucans on murine macrophages and have demonstrated that it plays a significant role in the cellular response to these carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	214-227	C-type lectin domain family 7, member a	Mus musculus	47-55
15802303-0	2005	Carbohydrate profiling reveals a distinctive role for the C-type lectin MGL in the recognition of helminth parasites and tumor antigens by dendritic cells.	Carbohydrates	0-12	C-type lectin domain containing 10A	Homo sapiens	72-75
15802303-4	2005	We have analyzed the carbohydrate specificity of the human C-type lectin macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL) using glycan microarray profiling and identified an exclusive specificity for terminal alpha- and beta-linked GalNAc residues that naturally occur as parts of glycoproteins or glycosphingolipids.	Carbohydrates	21-33	C-type lectin domain containing 10A	Homo sapiens	107-110
15837813-5	2005	Strikingly, DC-SIGN only interacts with Mac-1 from neutrophils, but not from other leukocytes, mainly because of specific Lewis(x) carbohydrates that are present on the alpha(M) chain of Mac-1 from neutrophils.	Carbohydrates	131-144	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	40-45
15837813-5	2005	Strikingly, DC-SIGN only interacts with Mac-1 from neutrophils, but not from other leukocytes, mainly because of specific Lewis(x) carbohydrates that are present on the alpha(M) chain of Mac-1 from neutrophils.	Carbohydrates	131-144	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	187-192
15564327-3	2005	We demonstrate that FXR also plays a role in carbohydrate metabolism via regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene expression.	Carbohydrates	45-57	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	87-120
15564327-3	2005	We demonstrate that FXR also plays a role in carbohydrate metabolism via regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene expression.	Carbohydrates	45-57	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	122-127
15682450-5	2005	Finally, some types of carbohydrates are now known to be processed and presented to T cells by class II MHC.	Carbohydrates	23-36	major histocompatibility complex, class I, C	Homo sapiens	104-107
15864429-12	2005	In conclusion, soluble recombinant ST6Gal I obtained using our bacterial expression system is a valuable tool to investigate the molecular mechanisms of biological and pathological interactions mediated via carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	207-220	ST6 beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	35-43
15684332-2	2005	One of the primary galectins expressed in intestinal epithelium is galectin-4, a tandem-repeat galectin with two carbohydrate-recognition domains in a single polypeptide chain.	Carbohydrates	113-125	galectin 4	Homo sapiens	67-77
15686472-4	2005	The Golgi-resident enzyme glucuronyltransferase (GlcAT-P) was a carbonylated target that we investigated further owing to its involvement in the biosynthesis of HNK-1, a carbohydrate epitope expressed on cell adhesion molecules and implicated in modulating the effectiveness of synaptic transmission in the brain.	Carbohydrates	170-182	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	49-56
15686472-4	2005	The Golgi-resident enzyme glucuronyltransferase (GlcAT-P) was a carbonylated target that we investigated further owing to its involvement in the biosynthesis of HNK-1, a carbohydrate epitope expressed on cell adhesion molecules and implicated in modulating the effectiveness of synaptic transmission in the brain.	Carbohydrates	170-182	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	161-166
15537641-1	2005	Dentin sialoprotein (DSP) is a glycoprotein that is critical for proper tooth dentin formation, but little is known about the nature of its carbohydrate attachments and other post-translational modifications.	Carbohydrates	140-152	dentin sialophosphoprotein	Sus scrofa	21-24
15634345-9	2005	Deglycosylated Phl p 1 frequently exhibits higher IgE binding capacity than the recombinant glycoprotein suggesting that rather the intact protein structure than carbohydrate moieties themselves are important for IgE recognition of Phl p 1.	Carbohydrates	162-174	BCR activator of RhoGEF and GTPase	Homo sapiens	15-18
15949147-2	2005	The two hydrophilic surfactant components SP-A and SP-D are proteins with collagen-like and lectin domains (collectins) able to interact with carbohydrate-containing ligands present on microbial membranes, and with defined regions of LPS.	Carbohydrates	142-154	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	51-55
15272001-12	2004	Transcriptome and metabolome analyses show that icl seedlings exhibit many features characteristic of carbohydrate starvation, whereas mls seedlings differ relatively little from wild type.	Carbohydrates	102-114	isocitrate lyase	Arabidopsis thaliana	48-51
15190008-7	2004	These results demonstrate that in vitro glycosylation of the sCR1 drug product reduces heterogeneity of the glycan profile, improves pharmacokinetics, and enhances carbohydrate-mediated binding to E-selectin.	Carbohydrates	164-176	selectin E	Rattus norvegicus	197-207
15364579-4	2004	The lectin pathway of complement, where mannose-binding lectin (MBL) recognizes the carbohydrate structures on pathogens, is activated by mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease-2 (MASP-2).	Carbohydrates	84-96	MBL associated serine protease 2	Homo sapiens	191-197
15313217-4	2004	Structural studies based on nanoflow electrospray-ionization tandem mass spectrometry and earlier reported data on the carbohydrate moiety of GPA and ABH antigens allowed us to conclude that these blood group epitopes are elongations of the beta-GlcNAc branch attached to C-6 of the reducing GalNAc.	Carbohydrates	119-131	alkB homolog 1, histone H2A dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	150-153
15249036-9	2004	The enzymatic properties and the carbohydrate components of the recombinant LCAT were all sufficiently similar to those of the circulating human plasma enzyme, suggesting that this source of LCAT may be appropriate for use in some form of enzyme replacement therapy.	Carbohydrates	33-45	lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	76-80
15078883-0	2004	Neutrophil serine proteinases inactivate surfactant protein D by cleaving within a conserved subregion of the carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	110-122	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	41-61
15161941-0	2004	Carbohydrates act as sorting determinants in ER-associated degradation of tyrosinase.	Carbohydrates	0-13	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	74-84
15066988-9	2004	Our observations demonstrated that oleate produced by SCD is necessary for fructose-mediated induction of lipogenic gene expression through SREBP-1c-dependent and -independent mechanisms and suggested that SCD1 gene expression is important in lipid and carbohydrate homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	253-265	stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1	Mus musculus	54-57
15066988-9	2004	Our observations demonstrated that oleate produced by SCD is necessary for fructose-mediated induction of lipogenic gene expression through SREBP-1c-dependent and -independent mechanisms and suggested that SCD1 gene expression is important in lipid and carbohydrate homeostasis.	Carbohydrates	253-265	stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1	Mus musculus	206-210
15144342-1	2004	BACKGROUND: Over-expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS), the enzyme involved in the anabolic conversion of dietary carbohydrates to fatty acid, has been reported in many human malignancies.	Carbohydrates	116-129	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	31-50
15144342-1	2004	BACKGROUND: Over-expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS), the enzyme involved in the anabolic conversion of dietary carbohydrates to fatty acid, has been reported in many human malignancies.	Carbohydrates	116-129	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	52-55
14672916-4	2004	Hemagglutination inhibition analysis shows that the distinct interactions of pSP-D with IAV mediated by the N-linked carbohydrate moiety in the carbohydrate recognition domain of pSP-D depend on the terminal sialic acids (SAs) present on this carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	117-129	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	77-82
14672916-4	2004	Hemagglutination inhibition analysis shows that the distinct interactions of pSP-D with IAV mediated by the N-linked carbohydrate moiety in the carbohydrate recognition domain of pSP-D depend on the terminal sialic acids (SAs) present on this carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	117-129	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	179-184
14672916-4	2004	Hemagglutination inhibition analysis shows that the distinct interactions of pSP-D with IAV mediated by the N-linked carbohydrate moiety in the carbohydrate recognition domain of pSP-D depend on the terminal sialic acids (SAs) present on this carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	144-156	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	77-82
14672916-4	2004	Hemagglutination inhibition analysis shows that the distinct interactions of pSP-D with IAV mediated by the N-linked carbohydrate moiety in the carbohydrate recognition domain of pSP-D depend on the terminal sialic acids (SAs) present on this carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	144-156	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	179-184
14672916-5	2004	Analysis by both lectin staining and by cleavage with linkage-specific sialidases shows that the carbohydrate of pSP-D is exclusively sialylated with alpha(2,6)-linked SAs, in contrast to surfactant protein A, which contains both alpha(2,3)- and alpha(2,6)-linked SAs on its N-linked carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	97-109	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	113-118
15148336-3	2004	The mannose-binding lectin (MBL, also known as mannose-binding protein) is an oligomeric serum molecule that recognizes carbohydrates decorating a broad range of infectious agents including S. aureus.	Carbohydrates	120-133	mannose-binding lectin (protein C) 2	Mus musculus	28-31
15034907-1	2004	The CD spectra are reported for a series of 1,3-dioxane-type 4,6-O-(2"-naphthyl)methylene acetals of carbohydrates with and without interacting aromatic protective groups on the C-1, C-2, and C-3 hydroxy groups.	Carbohydrates	101-114	complement C3	Homo sapiens	192-195
15007034-3	2004	Here we report that telmisartan, a structurally unique angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension, can function as a partial agonist of PPARgamma; influence the expression of PPARgamma target genes involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism; and reduce glucose, insulin, and triglyceride levels in rats fed a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	241-253	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	206-215
15007034-3	2004	Here we report that telmisartan, a structurally unique angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension, can function as a partial agonist of PPARgamma; influence the expression of PPARgamma target genes involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism; and reduce glucose, insulin, and triglyceride levels in rats fed a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	358-370	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	206-215
15067073-3	2004	SP-D is a collectin that binds a great variety of pathogens via its carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	68-80	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	0-4
15067073-4	2004	A recombinant trimeric fragment of SP-D (rfSP-D), consisting of the carbohydrate recognition domain and neck domain of human SP-D, was chemically cross-linked to the Fab" of an Ab directed against the human Fc alpha RI (CD89).	Carbohydrates	68-80	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	35-39
15067073-4	2004	A recombinant trimeric fragment of SP-D (rfSP-D), consisting of the carbohydrate recognition domain and neck domain of human SP-D, was chemically cross-linked to the Fab" of an Ab directed against the human Fc alpha RI (CD89).	Carbohydrates	68-80	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	43-47
15064451-4	2004	The attachment of rhodopsin via its extracellular carbohydrate residues provides a convenient, and universally applicable, procedure for GPCR immobilization in a form that retains full biochemical activity and ability to interact with intracellular signaling components.	Carbohydrates	50-62	vomeronasal 1 receptor 17 pseudogene	Homo sapiens	137-141
12816736-7	2003	Saccharide ligands showed complex, dose-dependent effects on FA binding, and FAs showed dose- and physical state-dependent effects on the binding of SP-D to mannan.	Carbohydrates	0-10	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	149-153
14501117-9	2003	Being products of the same gene, hST and hOT have 100% sequence identity and differ only in the attached carbohydrate moiety.	Carbohydrates	105-117	alcohol dehydrogenase iron containing 1	Homo sapiens	41-44
14559316-10	2003	Carbohydrate malabsorption was a significant determinant of EE, RMR, and SMR.	Carbohydrates	0-12	LY6/PLAUR domain containing 4	Homo sapiens	73-76
14551028-2	2003	Studies here, which use fluorescein-labeled synthetic A determinant (GalNAcalpha1-3Fucalpha1-2Gal), demonstrate that B cells bearing surface IgM (sIgM) receptors recognizing blood group A carbohydrate determinant are found exclusively in a small B cell subpopulation, i.e. sIgM+ CD11b+ CD5+ B1 cells, in blood group O human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).	Carbohydrates	188-200	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	279-284
12972680-7	2003	Carbohydrate overfeeding also increased mRNA levels for the key lipogenic enzymes sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and fatty acid synthase.	Carbohydrates	0-12	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	156-175
12888356-1	2003	Lung surfactant protein D (SP-D) can directly interact with carbohydrate residues on pulmonary pathogens and allergens, stimulate immune cells, and manipulate cytokine and chemokine profiles during the immune response in the lungs.	Carbohydrates	60-72	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	0-25
12888356-1	2003	Lung surfactant protein D (SP-D) can directly interact with carbohydrate residues on pulmonary pathogens and allergens, stimulate immune cells, and manipulate cytokine and chemokine profiles during the immune response in the lungs.	Carbohydrates	60-72	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	27-31
12734200-11	2003	CA125 may therefore induce specific immunomodulatory effects by employing its carbohydrate sequences as functional groups, thereby promoting tumor progression.	Carbohydrates	78-90	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	0-5
12888635-0	2003	Obesity risk is associated with carbohydrate intake in women carrying the Gln27Glu beta2-adrenoceptor polymorphism.	Carbohydrates	32-44	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	83-101
12853121-1	2003	Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a multimeric collagenous lectin that mediates the clearance of pathogens and modulates immune cell functions via its C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD).	Carbohydrates	159-171	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	0-20
12853121-1	2003	Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a multimeric collagenous lectin that mediates the clearance of pathogens and modulates immune cell functions via its C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD).	Carbohydrates	159-171	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	22-26
12847554-2	2003	The first carbohydrate recognition subcomponent of the lectin pathway identified was mannan-binding lectin (MBL), hence the serine proteases were named MBL-associated serine proteases (MASPs) and numbered according to the sequence of their discovery.	Carbohydrates	10-22	mannose-binding lectin (protein C) 2	Mus musculus	85-106
12847554-2	2003	The first carbohydrate recognition subcomponent of the lectin pathway identified was mannan-binding lectin (MBL), hence the serine proteases were named MBL-associated serine proteases (MASPs) and numbered according to the sequence of their discovery.	Carbohydrates	10-22	mannose-binding lectin (protein C) 2	Mus musculus	108-111
12847554-2	2003	The first carbohydrate recognition subcomponent of the lectin pathway identified was mannan-binding lectin (MBL), hence the serine proteases were named MBL-associated serine proteases (MASPs) and numbered according to the sequence of their discovery.	Carbohydrates	10-22	mannose-binding lectin (protein C) 2	Mus musculus	152-155
12771234-2	2003	MAb H6-3C4 has been suggested by several research groups to react with a carbohydrate moiety of male reproductive tract CD52 (mrtCD52).	Carbohydrates	73-85	CD52 molecule	Homo sapiens	120-124
12639958-7	2003	The addition of a carbohydrate structure in the N-terminal domain of PEN-2 prevented association with presenilin 1, whereas glycosylation in the C-terminal region of PEN-2 did not, suggesting that the N-terminal domain is important for interactions with presenilin 1.	Carbohydrates	18-30	presenilin enhancer, gamma-secretase subunit	Homo sapiens	69-74
12784609-6	2003	The roles of the carbohydrate moieties and cysteine residues involved in the disulfide bridges of OVM were also examined, and we found that they were not important in recognition by the T cell/antigen presenting cell.	Carbohydrates	17-29	serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 7 (putative)	Gallus gallus	98-101
12689412-7	2003	Inhibition by monoclonal antibodies specific for carbohydrates also implicates the involvement of carbohydrates in the interaction between SAG and gp120.	Carbohydrates	49-62	deleted in malignant brain tumors 1	Homo sapiens	139-142
12689412-7	2003	Inhibition by monoclonal antibodies specific for carbohydrates also implicates the involvement of carbohydrates in the interaction between SAG and gp120.	Carbohydrates	98-111	deleted in malignant brain tumors 1	Homo sapiens	139-142
12689412-8	2003	These results argue that the anti-HIV-1 activity of SAG is due to carbohydrate-mediated binding to gp120.	Carbohydrates	66-78	deleted in malignant brain tumors 1	Homo sapiens	52-55
12401114-3	2003	We find that, in FRTL-5 and PC-Cl3 cells, calnexin and calreticulin interact with newly synthesized Tg in a carbohydrate-dependent manner, with largely overlapping kinetics that are concomitant with the maturation of Tg intrachain disulphide bonds, preceding Tg dimerization and exit from the ER.	Carbohydrates	108-120	calnexin	Rattus norvegicus	42-50
12589143-1	2003	BACKGROUND: Accommodation in patients transplanted with ABO incompatible allografts describes a state in which antibodies are produced against the incompatible blood group carbohydrate antigen; however, the graft is not rejected.	Carbohydrates	172-184	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	56-59
12538708-1	2003	Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), a member of the collectin family, binds to carbohydrate structures on the surfaces of micro-organisms and may serve as a recognition molecule of the lectin pathway of complement activation.	Carbohydrates	73-85	mannose-binding lectin (protein C) 2	Mus musculus	0-22
12538708-1	2003	Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), a member of the collectin family, binds to carbohydrate structures on the surfaces of micro-organisms and may serve as a recognition molecule of the lectin pathway of complement activation.	Carbohydrates	73-85	mannose-binding lectin (protein C) 2	Mus musculus	24-27
12792151-1	2003	AIM: To investigate the associations between serum interleukin (IL) 18 concentrations and indices of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in healthy adults.	Carbohydrates	111-123	interleukin 18	Homo sapiens	51-70
12650029-3	2002	IgA1, which is almost exclusively present in the mesangial deposits in IgA nephropathy patients, contains in its hinge region three to five O-lined carbohydrate chains.	Carbohydrates	148-160	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
12367768-12	2002	In Northeast Thailand, low potassium status and a high carbohydrate and low fat diet may cause the increased ACL activity.	Carbohydrates	55-67	ATP citrate lyase	Homo sapiens	109-112
12209467-12	2002	To the best of our knowledge, such a cation-induced specific interaction between saccharides and polynucleotides has not been reported, and may provide a new clue to understand the biological role of beta-1,3-D-glucans.	Carbohydrates	81-92	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	200-208
12244074-0	2002	TNF-alpha increases the carbohydrate sulfation of CD44: induction of 6-sulfo N-acetyl lactosamine on N- and O-linked glycans.	Carbohydrates	24-36	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Homo sapiens	50-54
12244074-4	2002	We determined that TNF-alpha induces the carbohydrate sulfation of CD44.	Carbohydrates	41-53	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Homo sapiens	67-71
12244074-11	2002	This demonstrates that CD44 is modified by sulfated carbohydrates in myeloid cells and that TNF-alpha modifies both the type and amount of carbohydrate sulfation occurring on CD44.	Carbohydrates	52-65	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Homo sapiens	23-27
12244074-11	2002	This demonstrates that CD44 is modified by sulfated carbohydrates in myeloid cells and that TNF-alpha modifies both the type and amount of carbohydrate sulfation occurring on CD44.	Carbohydrates	52-64	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Homo sapiens	23-27
12447829-2	2002	Consumption of protein hydrolysates mixed with carbohydrate supplements during the post-exercise period may increase insulin response and cause glycogen repletion in skeletal muscle.	Carbohydrates	47-59	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	117-124
12396007-1	2002	Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) and ficolins (L-ficolin and H-ficolin) initiate the lectin pathway of complement activation upon binding to microbial carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	146-159	ficolin 2	Homo sapiens	42-51
12213450-1	2002	The HNK-1 carbohydrate structure, a sulfated glucuronyl-lactosaminyl residue carried by many neural recognition molecules, is involved in cell interactions during ontogenetic development and in synaptic plasticity in the adult.	Carbohydrates	10-22	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	4-9
12213450-2	2002	To characterize the functional role of the HNK-1 carbohydrate in vivo, we have generated mice deficient for the HNK-1 sulfotransferase (ST).	Carbohydrates	49-61	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	43-48
12213450-7	2002	These observations indicate an essential role for the sulfate group of the HNK-1 carbohydrate in synaptic plasticity of the hippocampus.	Carbohydrates	81-93	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	75-80
12032138-0	2002	Mice deficient in nervous system-specific carbohydrate epitope HNK-1 exhibit impaired synaptic plasticity and spatial learning.	Carbohydrates	42-54	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	63-68
12101265-2	2002	X-ray crystallography study revealed that Ym1 has a beta/alpha barrel structure with a carbohydrate-binding cleft similar to that of triose-phosphate isomerases.	Carbohydrates	87-99	chitinase-like 3	Mus musculus	42-45
11919201-8	2002	Immature DCs could incorporate alpha-GalNAc-modified soluble acrylamide polymers, and this was significantly inhibited by pretreatment of the cells with an anti-hMGL monoclonal antibody that blocks the lectin-carbohydrate interaction.	Carbohydrates	209-221	C-type lectin domain containing 10A	Homo sapiens	161-165
12163000-0	2002	Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4 expression is dependent on the carbohydrate in the media in HT-29 cells.	Carbohydrates	76-88	insulin like growth factor binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-44
12066133-1	2002	Exposure to topical bovine thrombin during surgery frequently results in the development of antibodies to multiple protein and carbohydrate antigens.	Carbohydrates	127-139	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Bos taurus	27-35
12054796-7	2002	One likely scenario is that the compound could compete for AMF binding with the carbohydrate moiety of the AMF receptor (AMFR), which is a glycosylated seven-transmembrane helix protein.	Carbohydrates	80-92	autocrine motility factor receptor	Homo sapiens	107-119
12054796-7	2002	One likely scenario is that the compound could compete for AMF binding with the carbohydrate moiety of the AMF receptor (AMFR), which is a glycosylated seven-transmembrane helix protein.	Carbohydrates	80-92	autocrine motility factor receptor	Homo sapiens	121-125
12054796-11	2002	These results suggest a role for these amino acids in recognition of a carbohydrate moiety of the AMFR.	Carbohydrates	71-83	autocrine motility factor receptor	Homo sapiens	98-102
11971939-3	2002	We previously reported that the first 2.1 kb of the FAS promoter are sufficient for transcriptional induction by a high carbohydrate diet as well as suppression by polyunsaturated fat in transgenic mice.	Carbohydrates	120-132	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	52-55
11895802-8	2002	However, if sulfo sLex glycans are supplemented with separate sulfated, nonfucosylated O-glycans, saccharides in O-6, O-8, or O-9, putatively carrying MECA-79 epitopes, could form multiglycan binding epitopes for L-selectin.	Carbohydrates	98-109	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-35 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	113-129
12075569-8	2002	Indirect calorimetry revealed associations between calpain 3 gene expression and carbohydrate oxidation (P = 0.009) and energy expenditure (P = 0.013).	Carbohydrates	81-93	calpain 3	Homo sapiens	51-60
12075569-9	2002	CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION: Lower levels of expression of calpain 3 in skeletal muscle were associated with reduced carbohydrate oxidation and elevated circulating glucose and insulin concentrations, and also with increased body fat and in particular abdominal fat.	Carbohydrates	115-127	calpain 3	Homo sapiens	57-66
12479075-1	2002	BACKGROUND &amp; OBJECTIVE: It has been reported that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) expresses gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) with unique carbohydrate moieties compared with normal liver GGT enzymes, this unique GGT was used as a marker for the diagnosis of HCC.	Carbohydrates	143-155	inactive glutathione hydrolase 2	Homo sapiens	95-124
12479075-1	2002	BACKGROUND &amp; OBJECTIVE: It has been reported that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) expresses gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) with unique carbohydrate moieties compared with normal liver GGT enzymes, this unique GGT was used as a marker for the diagnosis of HCC.	Carbohydrates	143-155	inactive glutathione hydrolase 2	Homo sapiens	126-129
12479075-1	2002	BACKGROUND &amp; OBJECTIVE: It has been reported that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) expresses gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) with unique carbohydrate moieties compared with normal liver GGT enzymes, this unique GGT was used as a marker for the diagnosis of HCC.	Carbohydrates	143-155	inactive glutathione hydrolase 2	Homo sapiens	192-195
12479075-1	2002	BACKGROUND &amp; OBJECTIVE: It has been reported that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) expresses gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) with unique carbohydrate moieties compared with normal liver GGT enzymes, this unique GGT was used as a marker for the diagnosis of HCC.	Carbohydrates	143-155	inactive glutathione hydrolase 2	Homo sapiens	192-195
11752350-3	2002	SWEET-DB (http://www.dkfz.de/spec2/sweetdb/) is an attempt to use modern web techniques to annotate and/or cross-reference carbohydrate-related data collections which allow glycoscientists to find important data for compounds of interest in a compact and well-structured representation.	Carbohydrates	123-135	CDC42 small effector 2	Homo sapiens	29-43
11737213-6	2001	As HNK1-carbohydrates are also known to modulate cell-cell interactions, the simultaneous presence of both carbohydrate epitopes may reflect a new mechanism involved in the fine-tuning of N-CAM functions.	Carbohydrates	8-21	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	3-7
11737213-6	2001	As HNK1-carbohydrates are also known to modulate cell-cell interactions, the simultaneous presence of both carbohydrate epitopes may reflect a new mechanism involved in the fine-tuning of N-CAM functions.	Carbohydrates	8-20	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	3-7
11564699-2	2001	Those studies found that the Spot 14 protein was induced when lipogenesis was induced and suggested that induction of the Spot 14 protein was required for induction of hepatic lipogenesis by thyroid hormone and dietary carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	219-231	thyroid hormone responsive	Mus musculus	29-44
11564699-2	2001	Those studies found that the Spot 14 protein was induced when lipogenesis was induced and suggested that induction of the Spot 14 protein was required for induction of hepatic lipogenesis by thyroid hormone and dietary carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	219-231	thyroid hormone responsive	Mus musculus	122-137
11581173-8	2001	mRNAs of mouse DC-SIGN and three SIGNR genes encode type II transmembrane proteins (DC-SIGN, 238 amino acids; SIGNR1, 325 amino acids; SIGNR3, 237 amino acids; SIGNR4, 208 amino acids), but the SIGNR2 gene only encodes a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) without a cytosolic domain and a transmembrane domain (SIGNR2, 178 amino acids).	Carbohydrates	221-233	CD209b antigen	Mus musculus	110-116
11564800-0	2001	Developmentally regulated changes in glucosidase II association with, and carbohydrate content of, the protein tyrosine phosphatase CD45.	Carbohydrates	74-86	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C	Homo sapiens	132-136
11564800-1	2001	Glucosidase II (GII) stably interacts with the external domain of CD45 in a carbohydrate-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	76-88	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C	Homo sapiens	66-70
11564800-9	2001	Such changes in the cell surface carbohydrate on CD45 may affect the development of thymocytes, perhaps via binding of CD45 on thymocytes to lectins on stromal cells.	Carbohydrates	33-45	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C	Homo sapiens	49-53
11564800-9	2001	Such changes in the cell surface carbohydrate on CD45 may affect the development of thymocytes, perhaps via binding of CD45 on thymocytes to lectins on stromal cells.	Carbohydrates	33-45	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C	Homo sapiens	119-123
11485330-1	2001	Altering the carbohydrate binding properties of surfactant protein D (SP-D) [e.g., by replacing its carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) with that of either mannose binding lectin (MBL) or conglutinin] can increase its activity against influenza A virus (IAV).	Carbohydrates	13-25	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	70-74
11485330-1	2001	Altering the carbohydrate binding properties of surfactant protein D (SP-D) [e.g., by replacing its carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) with that of either mannose binding lectin (MBL) or conglutinin] can increase its activity against influenza A virus (IAV).	Carbohydrates	100-112	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	70-74
11578255-2	2001	For example, differences in ABH secretor status drastically alter the carbohydrates present in body fluids and secretions; this can have profound influence on microbial attachment and persistence.	Carbohydrates	70-83	alkB homolog 1, histone H2A dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	28-31
11447138-11	2001	The coexpression of oncofetal carbohydrate antigens TF and sialyl-Tn on CD44 splice variants provides a link between cancer-associated changes in glycosylation and CD44 splicing, both of which correlate with increased metastatic potential.	Carbohydrates	30-42	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Homo sapiens	72-76
11447138-11	2001	The coexpression of oncofetal carbohydrate antigens TF and sialyl-Tn on CD44 splice variants provides a link between cancer-associated changes in glycosylation and CD44 splicing, both of which correlate with increased metastatic potential.	Carbohydrates	30-42	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Homo sapiens	164-168
11550062-1	2001	The content of thyroxin-binding globulin isoforms differing by the carbohydrate constituent is significantly increased in the blood of coronary patients and patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus compared to normal and is comparable to that in cancer patients.	Carbohydrates	67-79	serpin family A member 7	Homo sapiens	15-40
11425798-2	2001	Following digestion with trypsin, generated glycopeptides were fractionated by serial immunoaffinity chromatography using immobilized monoclonal antibodies specifically recognizing polysialic acid (PSA) units or the HNK1-carbohydrate epitope.	Carbohydrates	221-233	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	216-220
11260159-9	2001	The monoclonal antibody and the IgE were able to bind carbohydrate epitopes on the two plant glycoproteins, ascorbate oxidase and polyamine oxidase.	Carbohydrates	54-66	polyamine oxidase	Homo sapiens	130-147
11260159-10	2001	Polyamine oxidase shows only one N-glycosilation site whose carbohydrate moiety seems to be composed of a branched chain of seven ordered sugars, i.e. two N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-, three mannose-, one fucose- and one xylose-residues.	Carbohydrates	60-72	polyamine oxidase	Homo sapiens	0-17
11271521-0	2001	The 2-naphthylmethyl (NAP) group in carbohydrate synthesis: first total synthesis of the GlyCAM-1 oligosaccharide structures.	Carbohydrates	36-48	glycosylation dependent cell adhesion molecule 1 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	89-97
11201239-1	2001	The 32-kDa galectin (LEC-1) of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C elegans) is composed of two tandemly repeated homologous sequences, each containing a carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD).	Carbohydrates	156-168	32 kDa beta-galactoside-binding lectin;Galectin	Caenorhabditis elegans	21-26
11114591-4	2001	Despite the apparent complexity of the sperm membrane, surface carbohydrate labelling experiments show a high selectivity suggesting that carbohydrate side chains of CD52, an unusually short, bipolar glycopeptide of epididymal origin, form major components of the sperm glycocalyx in all mammalian species investigated.	Carbohydrates	63-75	CD52 molecule	Homo sapiens	166-170
11114591-4	2001	Despite the apparent complexity of the sperm membrane, surface carbohydrate labelling experiments show a high selectivity suggesting that carbohydrate side chains of CD52, an unusually short, bipolar glycopeptide of epididymal origin, form major components of the sperm glycocalyx in all mammalian species investigated.	Carbohydrates	138-150	CD52 molecule	Homo sapiens	166-170
11181557-3	2001	Those mutants lacking carbohydrates g15 or combinations of g15/g17 showed markedly higher infectivity for GHOST cells (human osteosarcoma cells) expressing CXCR4 (GHOST-X4), compared to the fully glycosylated NL4-3 wild type virus.	Carbohydrates	22-35	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4	Homo sapiens	156-161
11209590-4	2001	Limiting carbohydrate intake in patients to obtain the necessary ratio of fats to carbohydrates and protein requires careful planning and, in children, parental involvement.	Carbohydrates	9-21	chromosome 10 open reading frame 90	Homo sapiens	74-78
11095743-12	2000	Finally, bioinformatic analyses indicate that the yeast HDACs RPD3, SIR2, and HDA1 play distinct roles in regulating genes involved in cell cycle progression, amino acid biosynthesis, and carbohydrate transport and utilization, respectively.	Carbohydrates	188-200	histone deacetylase HDA1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	78-82
10944519-7	2000	These results indicate that nonanticoagulant sulfated saccharides targeted at P-selectin and L-selectin may have therapeutic potential in inflammatory disorders.	Carbohydrates	54-65	selectin L	Rattus norvegicus	93-103
11089535-5	2000	Carbohydrate residues of the G2320R Tg mutant were of the high-mannose ER type, as shown by sensitivity to the treatment with endoglycosidase H. Molecular chaperones, GRP94, GRP78, and calreticulin, were all accumulated in the rdw rat thyroid glands.	Carbohydrates	0-12	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Rattus norvegicus	174-179
10921916-7	2000	The interaction between CD45 and GII is dependent on the active site of GII, is mediated through the carbohydrate on CD45, and can be inhibited with mannose.	Carbohydrates	101-113	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C	Homo sapiens	24-28
10921916-7	2000	The interaction between CD45 and GII is dependent on the active site of GII, is mediated through the carbohydrate on CD45, and can be inhibited with mannose.	Carbohydrates	101-113	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C	Homo sapiens	117-121
11057859-1	2000	Org 36764, is an antithrombin III (AT) and thrombin binding carbohydrate, which accelerates the inactivation of both factor Xa and thrombin by AT.	Carbohydrates	60-72	serpin family C member 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-33
10965927-7	2000	Mc3r-/- mice also exhibit an unusual increase in respiratory quotient when transferred onto high fat chow, suggesting a reduced ratio of fat/carbohydrate oxidation.	Carbohydrates	141-153	melanocortin 3 receptor	Mus musculus	0-4
10992292-6	2000	Lactose brought about a 20% inhibition of this interaction, whereas the glycoprotein asialofetuin brought about a 75% inhibition, suggesting that complex carbohydrate structures are involved in the binding of galectin-1 to splenocytes.	Carbohydrates	154-166	galectin-1	Ovis aries	209-219
10925296-1	2000	The carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) of human serum mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and pulmonary surfactant protein D (SP-D) have distinctive monosaccharide-binding properties, and their N-terminal and collagen domains have very different quaternary structures.	Carbohydrates	4-16	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	124-128
10770931-7	2000	The specific association of these unusual carbohydrate sequences with uromodulin could explain its enhanced immunomodulatory effects compared with THP obtained from males and nonpregnant females.	Carbohydrates	42-54	uromodulin	Homo sapiens	70-80
10961154-0	2000	The effects of iron and copper status and of dietary carbohydrates on the activity of rat intestinal beta-carotene 15,15"-dioxygenase.	Carbohydrates	53-66	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-133
10814697-5	2000	Galectin-1 was shown to bind CD45 and Thy-1 in a carbohydrate-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	49-61	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C	Homo sapiens	29-33
10888497-0	2000	Functional changes in beta-lactoglobulin by conjugation with cationic saccharides.	Carbohydrates	70-81	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	22-40
10888497-1	2000	Bovine beta-lactoglobulin (beta-LG) was conjugated to each of three cationic saccharides [glucosamine (GlcN), chitopentaose (CPO), and chitosan (CHS)] by means of a water-soluble carbodiimide or by the Maillard reaction in an effort to improve the functional properties of beta-LG.	Carbohydrates	77-88	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	7-25
10888497-1	2000	Bovine beta-lactoglobulin (beta-LG) was conjugated to each of three cationic saccharides [glucosamine (GlcN), chitopentaose (CPO), and chitosan (CHS)] by means of a water-soluble carbodiimide or by the Maillard reaction in an effort to improve the functional properties of beta-LG.	Carbohydrates	77-88	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	27-34
10888497-2	2000	The molar ratios of beta-LG to the cationic saccharide in the beta-LG-GlcN, beta-LG-CPO, and beta-LG-CHS conjugates were 2:1, 2:5, and 2:1, respectively.	Carbohydrates	44-54	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	62-69
10888497-2	2000	The molar ratios of beta-LG to the cationic saccharide in the beta-LG-GlcN, beta-LG-CPO, and beta-LG-CHS conjugates were 2:1, 2:5, and 2:1, respectively.	Carbohydrates	44-54	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	62-69
10888497-2	2000	The molar ratios of beta-LG to the cationic saccharide in the beta-LG-GlcN, beta-LG-CPO, and beta-LG-CHS conjugates were 2:1, 2:5, and 2:1, respectively.	Carbohydrates	44-54	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	62-69
10809739-1	2000	CD44 on lymphocytes binding to its carbohydrate ligand hyaluronan can mediate primary adhesion (rolling interactions) of lymphocytes on vascular endothelial cells.	Carbohydrates	35-47	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-4
10809771-7	2000	However, RnBP knockout mice excrete an abnormal pattern of carbohydrates in the urine, indicating a role of the protein in renal carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	59-72	renin binding protein	Mus musculus	9-13
10809771-7	2000	However, RnBP knockout mice excrete an abnormal pattern of carbohydrates in the urine, indicating a role of the protein in renal carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	59-71	renin binding protein	Mus musculus	9-13
10772817-9	2000	Our results suggest that CD44 may mediate lymphocyte attachment to its carbohydrate ligand hyaluronan by mechanisms broadly similar to those used by selectins.	Carbohydrates	71-83	CD44 antigen	Mus musculus	25-29
10802738-1	2000	Deoxythymidine diphosphate (dTDP)-L-rhamnose is the precursor of L-rhamnose, a saccharide required for the virulence of some pathogenic bacteria.	Carbohydrates	79-89	TAR DNA-binding protein-43 homolog	Drosophila melanogaster	28-32
10735589-12	2000	Thus, sperm SAGA-1 and lymphocyte CD52 represent glycoforms, glycoproteins with the same core peptide but with different carbohydrate structures.	Carbohydrates	121-133	CD52 molecule	Homo sapiens	34-38
10719845-6	2000	Results showed that basal and CCK-stimulated pancreatic outputs of volume, amylase and lipase but not trypsinogen, were significantly elevated in intact rats given a high-fat diet when compared with rats given a high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	217-229	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	30-33
10719845-8	2000	Pancreatic acini isolated from rats on a high-fat diet showed significantly lower basal and CCK-stimulated amylase release when compared with those on a high-carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	158-170	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	92-95
10652209-3	2000	In fact, both the bacterial recombinant carbohydrate recognition domain of RHL-1 (rCRD(RHL-1)) and the anti-rCRD(RHL-1) antibody markedly inhibited (125)I-Tg binding to the cell surface of PC Cl3 cells.	Carbohydrates	40-52	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	75-80
10652209-3	2000	In fact, both the bacterial recombinant carbohydrate recognition domain of RHL-1 (rCRD(RHL-1)) and the anti-rCRD(RHL-1) antibody markedly inhibited (125)I-Tg binding to the cell surface of PC Cl3 cells.	Carbohydrates	40-52	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	87-92
10652209-3	2000	In fact, both the bacterial recombinant carbohydrate recognition domain of RHL-1 (rCRD(RHL-1)) and the anti-rCRD(RHL-1) antibody markedly inhibited (125)I-Tg binding to the cell surface of PC Cl3 cells.	Carbohydrates	40-52	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	87-92
10644694-8	2000	Selective removal of either the terminal mannose or the acyl residues esterifying the glycerol moiety of the ManLAM abrogates the interaction with hSP-A, further supporting the notion that the hSP-A recognition of the carbohydrate epitopes of the lipoglycans is dependent of the presence of the fatty acids.	Carbohydrates	218-230	heat shock protein 90 beta family member 2, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	147-150
11051207-3	2000	Characterisation of carbohydrate moieties of alpha3beta1 integrin on the cultured human bladder carcinoma (T-24, Hu456, HCV 29T) and human normal ureter and bladder epithelium (HCV 29, Hu609) cell lines was carried out after an electrophoresis and blotting, followed by immunochemical identification of alpha3 and beta1 integrin chains and analysis of their carbohydrates moieties using highly specific digoxigenin-labelled lectins.	Carbohydrates	20-32	integrin subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	51-65
10729920-0	2000	Colonic mucin-carbohydrate components in colorectal tumors and their possible relationship to MUC2, p53 and DCC immunoreactivities.	Carbohydrates	14-26	DCC netrin 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	108-111
10601243-3	1999	To elucidate the key amino acids involved in conveying this carbohydrate specificity, site-directed mutagenesis studies were conducted on the extracytoplasmic domain of the bovine CD-MPR.	Carbohydrates	60-72	mannose-6-phosphate receptor, cation dependent	Bos taurus	180-186
10601355-3	1999	Within their extracellular carbohydrate recognition domains, NKG2C and NKG2E share extensive homology with NKG2A (93-95% amino acid similarity); however, NKG2C/E receptors differ from NKG2A in their cytoplasmic domains (only 33% similarity) and contain features that suggest that CD94/NKG2C and CD94/NKG2E may be activating receptors.	Carbohydrates	27-39	killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily C, member 1	Mus musculus	107-112
10561463-3	1999	The sThy-1 was produced in a variety of isoforms including some which lacked carbohydrate on all three sequons whereas the GPI anchored form appeared fully glycosylated like native Thy-1.	Carbohydrates	77-89	thy-1 membrane glycoprotein	Cricetulus griseus	5-10
10542261-9	1999	Our findings indicate that MFAP4 has two binding specificities, one for collagen and one for carbohydrate, and we suggest that MFAP4 may fix the collectins in the extracellular compartment during inflammation.	Carbohydrates	93-105	microfibril associated protein 4	Bos taurus	27-32
10534508-1	1999	BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to test an association between alleles of the alpha(2A)-adrenoceptor gene with hereditary hypertension and with alterations of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	175-187	adrenoceptor alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	84-106
10529229-3	1999	The X-ray crystal structure of the CLC protein is very similar to the structure of the galectins, members of a beta-galactoside-specific animal lectin family, including a partially conserved galectin carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD).	Carbohydrates	200-212	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	35-38
10529229-5	1999	Here we describe structural studies on the carbohydrate binding properties of the CLC protein and report the first structure of a carbohydrate in complex with the protein.	Carbohydrates	43-55	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	82-85
10529229-5	1999	Here we describe structural studies on the carbohydrate binding properties of the CLC protein and report the first structure of a carbohydrate in complex with the protein.	Carbohydrates	130-142	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	82-85
10529229-7	1999	The partial conservation of residues involved in carbohydrate binding led to significant changes in the topology and chemical nature of the CRD, and has implications for carbohydrate recognition by the CLC protein in vivo and its functional role in the biology of inflammation.	Carbohydrates	49-61	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	202-205
10529229-7	1999	The partial conservation of residues involved in carbohydrate binding led to significant changes in the topology and chemical nature of the CRD, and has implications for carbohydrate recognition by the CLC protein in vivo and its functional role in the biology of inflammation.	Carbohydrates	170-182	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	202-205
10485905-1	1999	Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is an oligomeric C type lectin that promotes phagocytosis by binding to microbial surface carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	118-131	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	0-20
10485905-1	1999	Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is an oligomeric C type lectin that promotes phagocytosis by binding to microbial surface carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	118-131	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	22-26
10485384-0	1999	Involvement of carbohydrate on phospholipase A2, a bee-venom allergen, in in vivo antigen-specific IgE synthesis in mice.	Carbohydrates	15-27	phospholipase A2, group IB, pancreas	Mus musculus	31-47
10400983-1	1999	Alpha-mannosidosis is a lysosomal storage disease with autosomal recessive inheritance caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal alpha-mannosidase, which is involved in the degradation of asparagine-linked carbohydrate cores of glycoproteins.	Carbohydrates	204-216	mannosidase 2, alpha B1	Mus musculus	117-144
10389847-1	1999	The discovery that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma was the molecular target of the thiazolidinedione class of antidiabetic agents suggested a key role for PPAR-gamma in the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	211-223	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	19-74
10389847-1	1999	The discovery that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma was the molecular target of the thiazolidinedione class of antidiabetic agents suggested a key role for PPAR-gamma in the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.	Carbohydrates	211-223	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	179-189
10414365-13	1999	Binding of vitronectin and lactoferrin was efficiently inhibited by preincubating of staphylococcal cells with sulphated carbohydrate compounds as heparin, dextran sulphate and fucoidan, but not by other non-sulphated highly charged glycoconjugates such as hyaluronic acid.	Carbohydrates	121-133	vitronectin	Homo sapiens	11-22
10358066-1	1999	We isolated a cDNA encoding a novel glucuronyltransferase, designated GlcAT-D, involved in the biosynthesis of the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope from rat embryo cDNA by the degenerate polymerase chain reaction method.	Carbohydrates	121-133	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 2	Rattus norvegicus	70-77
10748551-3	1999	FB1 and FB21 recognize an intracytoplasmic epitope (35, 38 kD) and a sialic acid-dependent carbohydrate epitope, respectively.	Carbohydrates	91-103	TCF3 fusion partner	Homo sapiens	0-3
10341229-8	1999	The distribution of carbohydrate epitopes of perineuronal nets recognized by the lectin Wisteria floribunda or antibodies to the HNK-1 carbohydrate on somata and dendrites of cortical and hippocampal interneurons is abnormal.	Carbohydrates	135-147	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	129-134
10231374-6	1999	Controlled deglycosylation using peptide : N-glycosidase F and endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase F3 resulted in the formation of crystals of both hIL-10 : shIL-10R1 and vIL-10 : shIL-10R1 complexes, indicating that the difficulty in the crystal formation was largely due to the presence of complex carbohydrate side chains.	Carbohydrates	298-310	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	146-152
10359121-6	1999	T cells specific for gangliosides were found to be CD8+, TCR alphabeta+, restricted by the MHC-like CD1b molecule and specific for epitopes residing in the carbohydrate moiety of gangliosides.	Carbohydrates	156-168	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	51-54
10219751-3	1999	The most convincing evidence for a causal relationship can be drawn from IgM monoclonal gammopathies with specificities directed against carbohydrate determinants of the myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG).	Carbohydrates	137-149	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	170-200
10217709-3	1999	The saccharide moieties linked to the C-3, C-6, and C-24 or C-25 positions of the aglycons in 1-6 contained either xylopyranose, glucopyranose, rhamnopyranose, or arabinopyranose units.	Carbohydrates	4-14	complement C3	Homo sapiens	38-41
10368295-1	1999	BACKGROUND: Human lung surfactant protein D (hSP-D) belongs to the collectin family of C-type lectins and participates in the innate immune surveillance against microorganisms in the lung through recognition of carbohydrate ligands present on the surface of pathogens.	Carbohydrates	211-223	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	18-43
10368295-1	1999	BACKGROUND: Human lung surfactant protein D (hSP-D) belongs to the collectin family of C-type lectins and participates in the innate immune surveillance against microorganisms in the lung through recognition of carbohydrate ligands present on the surface of pathogens.	Carbohydrates	211-223	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	45-50
10070964-0	1999	Human colon adenocarcinomas express a MUC1-associated novel carbohydrate epitope on core mucin glycans defined by a monoclonal antibody (A10) raised against murine Ehrlich tumor cells.	Carbohydrates	60-72	UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A7C	Mus musculus	137-140
10070964-1	1999	A monoclonal antibody (mAb; A10) raised against murine Ehrlich tumor cell surface carbohydrates was tested for reactivity with human normal and malignant tissues.	Carbohydrates	82-95	UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A7C	Mus musculus	28-31
9882446-2	1999	The protein coded by the clone had a single carbohydrate recognition domain having conserved motifs for beta-galactoside binding and showed 67% amino acid identity with human galectin-2.	Carbohydrates	44-56	galectin 2	Homo sapiens	175-185
10189832-10	1999	Quantitative determination of residual carbohydrate content of IgA1 after incubation with bacterial cells of Gram-positive rods has confirmed that they remove sialic acid, and in addition to that, only minor amounts of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	39-51	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1	Homo sapiens	63-67
10189832-10	1999	Quantitative determination of residual carbohydrate content of IgA1 after incubation with bacterial cells of Gram-positive rods has confirmed that they remove sialic acid, and in addition to that, only minor amounts of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	219-232	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1	Homo sapiens	63-67
9951147-5	1998	The OLP patients with carbohydrate metabolism disorders had more frequently HLA B16, B2 and B40 and the patients with OLP without disturbed carbohydrate metabolism had more frequently HLA B5, B7 and BX.	Carbohydrates	22-34	immunoglobulin kappa variable 5-2	Homo sapiens	76-95
10022761-7	1998	While the loss of carbohydrate at beta13Asn or beta13,30Asn in the case of hCGbeta monomer resulted in a 4-6%, decrease in the ordered structure, the loss of the glycosyl chain at beta 30Asn did not alter the conformation as compared with the wild type hCGbeta.	Carbohydrates	18-30	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 3	Homo sapiens	75-82
10022761-7	1998	While the loss of carbohydrate at beta13Asn or beta13,30Asn in the case of hCGbeta monomer resulted in a 4-6%, decrease in the ordered structure, the loss of the glycosyl chain at beta 30Asn did not alter the conformation as compared with the wild type hCGbeta.	Carbohydrates	18-30	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 3	Homo sapiens	253-260
29711149-1	1998	A single disaccharide building block is required to obtain synthetic carbohydrates that reproduce the anticoagulant activity of heparin and inhibit thrombin (n&gt;6) and/or factor Xa (n&gt;=2; see reaction scheme).	Carbohydrates	69-82	coagulation factor X	Homo sapiens	173-182
9756875-6	1998	Surprisingly, the glycogenic effect of PTG is observed even in the complete absence of carbohydrates or insulin in the culture medium.	Carbohydrates	87-100	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3C	Rattus norvegicus	39-42
9809815-1	1998	UNLABELLED: Fanconi-Bickel syndrome (FBS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of carbohydrate metabolism recently demonstrated to be caused by mutations in Glut2, the gene for the glucose transporter protein 2 expressed in liver, pancreas, intestine and kidney.	Carbohydrates	84-96	solute carrier family 2 member 2	Homo sapiens	159-164
9733529-0	1998	wrinkled1: A novel, low-seed-oil mutant of Arabidopsis with a deficiency in the seed-specific regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	108-120	Integrase-type DNA-binding superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-9
9733529-6	1998	Because the activities of several glycolytic enzymes, in particular hexokinase and pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase, are reduced in developing homozygous wri1 seeds, it is suggested that WRI1 is involved in the developmental regulation of carbohydrate metabolism during seed filling.	Carbohydrates	250-262	Integrase-type DNA-binding superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	165-169
9733529-6	1998	Because the activities of several glycolytic enzymes, in particular hexokinase and pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase, are reduced in developing homozygous wri1 seeds, it is suggested that WRI1 is involved in the developmental regulation of carbohydrate metabolism during seed filling.	Carbohydrates	250-262	Integrase-type DNA-binding superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	198-202
9777418-5	1998	By analogy, one may thus speculate that, upon binding of MBL to carbohydrate, MASP-1 autoactivates and then activates MASP-2, but there is as yet no evidence for this.	Carbohydrates	64-76	MBL associated serine protease 2	Homo sapiens	118-124
9639355-0	1998	Embigin/basigin subgroup of the immunoglobulin superfamily: different modes of expression during mouse embryogenesis and correlated expression with carbohydrate antigenic markers.	Carbohydrates	148-160	basigin	Mus musculus	8-15
9572875-0	1998	Identification of O-glycosylation sites and partial characterization of carbohydrate structure and disulfide linkages of human insulin-like growth factor binding protein 6.	Carbohydrates	72-84	insulin like growth factor binding protein 6	Homo sapiens	127-171
9572875-3	1998	Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESMS) of glycosylated IGFBP-6 revealed considerable heterogeneity of carbohydrate composition.	Carbohydrates	112-124	insulin like growth factor binding protein 6	Homo sapiens	65-72
9545279-1	1998	Intestinal expression of the high affinity Na+/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1), which absorbs dietary glucose and galactose, exhibits both circadian periodicity in its activity and induction by dietary carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	202-214	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-70
9545279-1	1998	Intestinal expression of the high affinity Na+/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1), which absorbs dietary glucose and galactose, exhibits both circadian periodicity in its activity and induction by dietary carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	202-214	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	72-77
9555658-8	1998	Because the hepatic receptor presents avidity for the carbohydrates of IgA1, a protein deposited in the glomerulus of patients with IgA nephropathy, the interaction of IgA1 with the mesangial ASGP-R was explored.	Carbohydrates	54-67	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1	Homo sapiens	71-75
9555658-8	1998	Because the hepatic receptor presents avidity for the carbohydrates of IgA1, a protein deposited in the glomerulus of patients with IgA nephropathy, the interaction of IgA1 with the mesangial ASGP-R was explored.	Carbohydrates	54-67	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1	Homo sapiens	168-172
9531299-3	1998	We had previously shown that IgG1 Abs produced in the cell line Lec 1, which attaches a high-mannose intermediate carbohydrate, were severely deficient in complement activation, showed a slightly reduced affinity for Fc gammaRI, and had a reduced in vivo half-life.	Carbohydrates	114-126	LOC105243590	Mus musculus	29-33
9531299-5	1998	IgG1-Lec 1, IgG1-Lec 2, and IgG1-Lec 8 all showed varying reactivity with a mAb specific for an epitope in the amino terminal region of C(H)2, suggesting that the conformations of these proteins were altered by the different carbohydrate structures.	Carbohydrates	225-237	LOC105243590	Mus musculus	0-4
9492031-13	1998	Unlike TPO generated in insect cells, mammalian TPO remains soluble at high concentration, possibly because of its greater carbohydrate content.	Carbohydrates	123-135	thyroid peroxidase	Homo sapiens	48-51
9472066-3	1998	The carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) is encoded by three exons, and the conservation of intron positions within the CRD indicated that CD94 is closely related to group V of C-type lectins.	Carbohydrates	4-16	killer cell lectin like receptor D1	Homo sapiens	140-144
9542767-4	1998	Thus, variations in the HS-PG, core protein, or carbohydrate sequences that are seen at different sites or that occur with inflammation will determine which cytokines bind to a particular HS-PG, providing multiple options for cytokine binding and regulation.	Carbohydrates	48-60	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Homo sapiens	188-193
9466664-3	1998	In the present study, the metastatic potential of 2 human melanoma cell lines (LOX and FEMX-I) was assessed in relation to carbohydrate and invasive phenotype.	Carbohydrates	123-135	lysyl oxidase	Homo sapiens	79-82
9543101-8	1998	This suggests that two distinct endothelial ligands for Mac-1, inducible ICAM-1 and carbohydrate-decorated heparin-like proteoglycan structures mediate monocytic cell interaction with ox-LDL-treated HUVEC.	Carbohydrates	84-96	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	56-61
9478041-3	1998	However, by 1850, it had been found from balance studies that animals also could synthesize fats from carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	102-115	chromosome 10 open reading frame 90	Homo sapiens	92-96
9706228-2	1998	Feeding previously fasted animals high-carbohydrate, low-fat diets causes a dramatic induction of enzymes-such as fatty acid synthase (FAS) and mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT)-involved in fatty acid and triacylglycerol synthesis.	Carbohydrates	39-51	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	114-133
9706228-2	1998	Feeding previously fasted animals high-carbohydrate, low-fat diets causes a dramatic induction of enzymes-such as fatty acid synthase (FAS) and mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT)-involved in fatty acid and triacylglycerol synthesis.	Carbohydrates	39-51	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	135-138
9405736-2	1998	However, bone ALP is difficult to distinguish from other ALP isoforms since the kidney, liver, and bone isoenzymes are encoded by the same gene and only differ because of post-translational modification of their carbohydrate side chains.	Carbohydrates	212-224	ATHS	Homo sapiens	14-17
9473090-13	1998	CONCLUSIONS: These data, demonstrating that HGF upregulates intestine epithelial glucose transporter gene expression after massive small bowel resection, may elucidate a mechanism of action for the enhanced carbohydrate absorption after HGF administration.	Carbohydrates	207-219	hepatocyte growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	44-47
9475640-10	1998	Attenuation of increases in VE/VO2 during TM3 in the EG was attributed to the combined effects of enhanced fat versus carbohydrate utilization (resulting in reduced CO2 output and drive to ventilate) and attenuation of pregnancy-induced increases in dead space ventilation in late gestation.	Carbohydrates	118-130	tropomyosin 3	Homo sapiens	42-45
21639157-0	1997	Effect of Ca(II), Sr(II), and Ba(II) on the Pulsed Amperometric Detection of Alditols and Carbohydrates at a Gold Electrode in Alkaline Solutions.	Carbohydrates	90-103	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	10-16
21639157-1	1997	The effects of some divalent nonelectroactive cations (DNCs), such as Sr(II), Ba(II), and Ca(II) on the electrochemical oxidation of alditols and carbohydrates at gold electrodes in pulsed amperometric detection have been investigated.	Carbohydrates	146-159	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	90-96
21639157-6	1997	Irrespective of the experimental condition adopted, i.e., cation addition to the solution before or after the carbohydrate, the presence of Ca(II) has an adverse effect on the anodic currents.	Carbohydrates	110-122	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	140-146
9367408-3	1997	Purified SP-A and SP-D, isolated from human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, bound to the 3wcf allergens and purified allergens, gp55 and gp45, in a carbohydrate-specific and calcium-dependent manner.	Carbohydrates	146-158	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	18-22
9367408-4	1997	Both SP-A and SP-D did not bind to deglycosylated allergens, suggesting that the ability of SP-A and SP-D to bind certain allergens is mediated through their carbohydrate recognition domains, interacting with the carbohydrate residues on the allergen.	Carbohydrates	158-170	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	14-18
9367408-4	1997	Both SP-A and SP-D did not bind to deglycosylated allergens, suggesting that the ability of SP-A and SP-D to bind certain allergens is mediated through their carbohydrate recognition domains, interacting with the carbohydrate residues on the allergen.	Carbohydrates	158-170	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	101-105
9367408-4	1997	Both SP-A and SP-D did not bind to deglycosylated allergens, suggesting that the ability of SP-A and SP-D to bind certain allergens is mediated through their carbohydrate recognition domains, interacting with the carbohydrate residues on the allergen.	Carbohydrates	213-225	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	14-18
9367408-4	1997	Both SP-A and SP-D did not bind to deglycosylated allergens, suggesting that the ability of SP-A and SP-D to bind certain allergens is mediated through their carbohydrate recognition domains, interacting with the carbohydrate residues on the allergen.	Carbohydrates	213-225	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	101-105
9429896-5	1997	This suggests that CD5+ B1 cells may be specialized to make antibodies against such carbohydrate antigens.	Carbohydrates	84-96	CD5 antigen	Mus musculus	19-22
9374130-7	1997	When mice were challenged with a high fat, high carbohydrate diet, strong correlations between LPL activity and HDL cholesterol were seen in both the presence (r = 0.45, P = 0.03) and absence (r = 0.73, P &lt; 0.001) of CETP.	Carbohydrates	48-60	lipoprotein lipase	Mus musculus	95-98
9275119-1	1997	BACKGROUND: The cell surface carbohydrate moiety, Gal(alpha1,3)Galactose (alphaGal), has been implicated as the major determinant recognized by more than 80% of human anti-porcine natural antibodies (NAb).	Carbohydrates	29-41	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	50-72
9298694-5	1997	CD44 is subject to a wide array of post-translational carbohydrate modifications, including N-linked, O-linked and glycosaminoglycan side chain additions.	Carbohydrates	54-66	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-4
9256173-8	1997	CONCLUSIONS: Lectins were able to bind underlying carbohydrate structures (sialylated Tn and Forssman antigens) that are normally cryptic antigens on H-transferase transgenic mouse spleen and cardiac endothelial cells, probably as a consequence of the reduction in the electronegativity of the cell surface due to reduced sialylation.	Carbohydrates	50-62	fucosyltransferase 1	Mus musculus	150-163
9611296-6	1997	In agreement with carbohydrate digestibility or availability, its classification can be: a) digestible carbohydrates; b) undigestable carbohydrates (NSP).	Carbohydrates	134-147	sperm antigen with calponin homology and coiled-coil domains 1	Homo sapiens	149-152
9202233-2	1997	Immunoprecipitation or immunoblotting of TSHR-10,000 cells with mAb to either the A subunit or the B subunit revealed multiple forms of the TSHR: 1) uncleaved receptors of approximately 115 kDa and approximately 100 kDa with complex carbohydrate and high mannose carbohydrate, respectively; 2) two subunit TSHR with an approximately 62 kDa A subunit containing complex carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	233-245	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	140-144
9202233-2	1997	Immunoprecipitation or immunoblotting of TSHR-10,000 cells with mAb to either the A subunit or the B subunit revealed multiple forms of the TSHR: 1) uncleaved receptors of approximately 115 kDa and approximately 100 kDa with complex carbohydrate and high mannose carbohydrate, respectively; 2) two subunit TSHR with an approximately 62 kDa A subunit containing complex carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	233-245	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	140-144
9202233-2	1997	Immunoprecipitation or immunoblotting of TSHR-10,000 cells with mAb to either the A subunit or the B subunit revealed multiple forms of the TSHR: 1) uncleaved receptors of approximately 115 kDa and approximately 100 kDa with complex carbohydrate and high mannose carbohydrate, respectively; 2) two subunit TSHR with an approximately 62 kDa A subunit containing complex carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	263-275	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	140-144
9202233-2	1997	Immunoprecipitation or immunoblotting of TSHR-10,000 cells with mAb to either the A subunit or the B subunit revealed multiple forms of the TSHR: 1) uncleaved receptors of approximately 115 kDa and approximately 100 kDa with complex carbohydrate and high mannose carbohydrate, respectively; 2) two subunit TSHR with an approximately 62 kDa A subunit containing complex carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	263-275	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	140-144
9153228-12	1997	The same binding pattern was seen between gp-340 and recombinant human SP-D composed of the trimeric neck region and three carbohydrate recognition domains.	Carbohydrates	123-135	deleted in malignant brain tumors 1	Homo sapiens	42-48
9153228-12	1997	The same binding pattern was seen between gp-340 and recombinant human SP-D composed of the trimeric neck region and three carbohydrate recognition domains.	Carbohydrates	123-135	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	71-75
9153228-13	1997	These findings indicate that the binding between gp-340 and SP-D is a protein-protein interaction rather than a lectin-carbohydrate interaction and that the binding to gp-340 takes place via the carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-D.	Carbohydrates	119-131	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	230-234
9153228-13	1997	These findings indicate that the binding between gp-340 and SP-D is a protein-protein interaction rather than a lectin-carbohydrate interaction and that the binding to gp-340 takes place via the carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-D.	Carbohydrates	195-207	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	60-64
9153228-13	1997	These findings indicate that the binding between gp-340 and SP-D is a protein-protein interaction rather than a lectin-carbohydrate interaction and that the binding to gp-340 takes place via the carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-D.	Carbohydrates	195-207	deleted in malignant brain tumors 1	Homo sapiens	168-174
9153228-13	1997	These findings indicate that the binding between gp-340 and SP-D is a protein-protein interaction rather than a lectin-carbohydrate interaction and that the binding to gp-340 takes place via the carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-D.	Carbohydrates	195-207	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	230-234
9163344-1	1997	We have examined the biosynthesis of a low-molecular-mass mucin from rat submandibular gland (RSMG) expressed recombinantly in COS7 tissue culture cells, focusing primarily on the addition of carbohydrate to the protein core of the mucin.	Carbohydrates	192-204	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	58-63
9084450-2	1997	The importance of the N-linked oligosaccharides on MAG were determined by removal of the eight predicted carbohydrate addition sites by site-directed mutagenesis.	Carbohydrates	105-117	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	51-54
9134052-0	1997	Release of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) by carbohydrates in the perfused rat ileum.	Carbohydrates	46-59	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	11-34
9134052-0	1997	Release of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) by carbohydrates in the perfused rat ileum.	Carbohydrates	46-59	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	36-41
9037019-0	1997	Isoform-specific interactions of Na,K-ATPase subunits are mediated via extracellular domains and carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	97-110	ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit beta 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	33-44
9048906-4	1997	Here we show that the brain HSA is associated with N- and O-linked oligosaccharide moieties and decorated with the HNK-1 sulfated carbohydrate epitope.	Carbohydrates	130-142	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	115-120
8992988-2	1997	To understand the role of these carbohydrates in the structure and function of human IgA1, site-directed mutants that produce human IgA1 lacking either one or both of the N-linked carbohydrate sites have been produced.	Carbohydrates	32-45	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1	Homo sapiens	85-89
9672607-8	1997	We have earlier shown that other peripheral carbohydrate determinants, i.e. beta(1-4)-galactose on N-linked glycans, maintain a correct antigenic conformation of gp 120.	Carbohydrates	44-56	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	76-84
8863528-8	1996	Enzymic deglycosylation of the adrenomedullin binding site showed a considerable carbohydrate content.	Carbohydrates	81-93	adrenomedullin	Rattus norvegicus	31-45
8888728-1	1996	Hydrogen breath tests (H2-BT) are commonly used to diagnose carbohydrate malabsorption.	Carbohydrates	60-72	H2B clustered histone 20, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	23-28
8833906-8	1996	When placed on a low carbohydrate/high protein diet to induce the PEPCK promoter, the transgenic mice developed progressive and massive enlargement of the liver, owing to the engorgement of hepatocytes with cholesterol and triglycerides.	Carbohydrates	21-33	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1, cytosolic	Mus musculus	66-71
8864829-6	1996	Carbohydrate analysis of the recombinant hTPO showed that the protein is glycosylated and mannose is the major oligosaccharide.	Carbohydrates	0-12	thyroid peroxidase	Homo sapiens	41-45
8864829-7	1996	We have extended the carbohydrate analysis by establishing the occurrence of N-acetyl galactosamine which suggested that the recombinant hTPO might contain O-glycosyl moieties.	Carbohydrates	21-33	thyroid peroxidase	Homo sapiens	137-141
8869281-11	1996	The blood group-related carbohydrate structures Le(x), sialyl-Le(x), ABH, and Le(y) are examples of terminal carbohydrate structures which are related to tumour prognosis.	Carbohydrates	109-121	alkB homolog 1, histone H2A dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	69-72
8675572-0	1996	Critical relationship between autoantibody recognition and thyrotropin receptor maturation as reflected in the acquisition of complex carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	134-146	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	59-79
8675572-10	1996	The present data indicate the critical relationship between autoantibody recognition and TSHR maturation as reflected in the acquisition of complex carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	148-160	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	89-93
12239414-5	1996	In both families, one class of genes is upregulated by increasing carbohydrate supply (Sucrose synthase1 [Sus1] and Invertase2 [Ivr2]), whereas a second class in the same family is repressed by sugars and upregulated by depletion of this resource (Shrunken1 [Sh1] and Invertase1 [Ivr1]).	Carbohydrates	66-78	invertase 2	Zea mays	116-126
12239414-5	1996	In both families, one class of genes is upregulated by increasing carbohydrate supply (Sucrose synthase1 [Sus1] and Invertase2 [Ivr2]), whereas a second class in the same family is repressed by sugars and upregulated by depletion of this resource (Shrunken1 [Sh1] and Invertase1 [Ivr1]).	Carbohydrates	66-78	invertase 2	Zea mays	128-132
12239414-5	1996	In both families, one class of genes is upregulated by increasing carbohydrate supply (Sucrose synthase1 [Sus1] and Invertase2 [Ivr2]), whereas a second class in the same family is repressed by sugars and upregulated by depletion of this resource (Shrunken1 [Sh1] and Invertase1 [Ivr1]).	Carbohydrates	66-78	beta-fructofuranosidase 1	Zea mays	268-278
12239414-5	1996	In both families, one class of genes is upregulated by increasing carbohydrate supply (Sucrose synthase1 [Sus1] and Invertase2 [Ivr2]), whereas a second class in the same family is repressed by sugars and upregulated by depletion of this resource (Shrunken1 [Sh1] and Invertase1 [Ivr1]).	Carbohydrates	66-78	beta-fructofuranosidase 1	Zea mays	280-284
8609404-10	1996	The isolation of these different species of MAdCAM-1 demonstrates greater seleoffctive pressure for maintenance of amino acids involved in alpha 4 beta 7 binding than those sequences presumably involved in the presentation of carbohydrates for selectin binding.	Carbohydrates	226-239	mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	44-52
8609406-4	1996	In this study we show that mAbs specific for the carbohydrate Ag Lewis x (CD15, Gal-beta 1-4 GlcNAc alpha 1-3Fuc) inhibit multimeric rCD2 binding to CD2L.	Carbohydrates	49-61	Cd2 molecule	Rattus norvegicus	133-137
8735800-8	1996	Partially carbohydrate-deficient isoforms were demonstrated in antithrombin, protein C, protein S and in alpha 2-antiplasmin, but not in factors II, X and fibrinogen.	Carbohydrates	10-22	serpin family F member 2	Homo sapiens	105-124
8642254-6	1996	These studies indicate that CD44 and its principal ligand hyaluronate represent another receptor/carbohydrate ligand pair mediating a novel activation-dependent pathway of lymphocyte/endothelial cell adhesion.	Carbohydrates	97-109	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Homo sapiens	28-32
8615602-4	1996	RESULTS: Inhibition of N- or O-glycosylation of proteins during IL-2 activation leads to a 70-80% decrease in the cytolytic activity of LAK cells against K562 and Daudi tumour cells, coinciding with drastic alterations in their cell surface carbohydrate profile.	Carbohydrates	241-253	alpha kinase 1	Homo sapiens	136-139
8902532-7	1996	Saccharide-originated fluorophores, principally AGEs formed during glycation/Maillard reactions, may be mainly responsible for the extracellular fluorescence of long-lived proteins, such as collagen, elastin, and lens crystalline.	Carbohydrates	0-10	elastin	Homo sapiens	200-207
7499346-4	1995	Biosynthetic labeling, followed by immunoprecipitation, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and fluorography, showed that carbohydrate-deficient cathepsin G was synthesized as a 29-kDa proform in both cell lines.	Carbohydrates	126-138	cathepsin G	Rattus norvegicus	149-160
7626668-3	1995	When the sialyl residues of the saccharide chains of glycophorin A were cleaved by neuraminidase, or the polypeptide of glycophorin A was digested by Pronase, which would destroy its oligomeric forms, the inhibitory effect of glycophorin A was decreased, suggesting that isolated glycophorin A binds to scavenger receptors depending on its sialyl residues and oligomeric structure.	Carbohydrates	32-42	glycophorin A	Mus musculus	53-66
7616106-4	1995	Previous studies have demonstrated that Gc globulin binds to C5-derived peptides via sialic acid residues on this carbohydrate side chain.	Carbohydrates	114-126	GC vitamin D binding protein	Homo sapiens	40-51
7616106-5	1995	The necessity of this carbohydrate side chain for chemotaxis enhancement by Gc globulin was investigated by using both natural (glycosylated) and recombinant (carbohydrate-free) peptides.	Carbohydrates	22-34	GC vitamin D binding protein	Homo sapiens	76-87
7774058-3	1995	IgA1 is rich in carbohydrate, carrying N-linked moieties in common with IgG, but also O-linked sugars, which are rare in serum proteins, and not expressed by IgG or IgA2.	Carbohydrates	16-28	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
7774058-8	1995	Changes in the carbohydrates in this site may therefore affect interactions with receptors and extracellular proteins, leading to anomalous handling of the IgA1 protein in this condition, including failure of normal clearance mechanisms, and mesangial deposition.	Carbohydrates	15-28	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1	Homo sapiens	156-160
7588578-0	1995	Studies on the carbohydrate moieties of the timothy grass pollen allergen Phl p I. Timothy grass pollen was investigated in order to determine the carbohydrate moieties of its major grass group I (Phl p I) and to study its impact on allergenicity.	Carbohydrates	15-27	BCR activator of RhoGEF and GTPase	Homo sapiens	74-77
7588578-7	1995	In order to study the influence of the carbohydrate structures of Phl p I on IgE reactivity we tested some patient sera for their reactivity with intact and deglycosylated Phl p I.	Carbohydrates	39-51	BCR activator of RhoGEF and GTPase	Homo sapiens	66-69
7588578-8	1995	Even though most of the IgE antibodies bind at the protein core, we detected one serum that recognized carbohydrate moieties on the Phl p I.	Carbohydrates	103-115	BCR activator of RhoGEF and GTPase	Homo sapiens	132-135
7542630-4	1995	The anti-GalC antibodies also bound to 3 glycoprotein bands in human neuroblastoma cells on Western blot, and binding to the proteins was abolished by pre-treatment with pronase or with periodate which oxidizes the terminal carbohydrate residues.	Carbohydrates	224-236	galactosylceramidase	Homo sapiens	9-13
7718237-0	1995	Role for a synapse-specific carbohydrate in agrin-induced clustering of acetylcholine receptors.	Carbohydrates	28-40	agrin	Homo sapiens	44-49
7613477-2	1995	A recently described mass spectrometric technique involving monitoring of carbohydrate-specific fragment ions during HPLC/ESIMS was employed to locate eight different groups of glycopeptides in a digest of a human LCAT protein preparation.	Carbohydrates	74-86	lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	214-218
7873573-6	1995	These results suggest that not only carbohydrate intake but also MCT intake might influence S-I mRNA and SGLT1 mRNA levels in the jejunum, presumably through common metabolite(s) of carbohydrates and MCT, and that carbohydrate may play another role in enhancement of the sucrase activity through modulation of translation and/or posttranslational modifications of the sucrase-isomaltase complex.	Carbohydrates	36-48	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	105-110
7608469-8	1995	The sialic acid content of the hFSH isoforms was also observed to be related to the hormonal specific activity in a radioreceptor assay, confirming that alterations in the carbohydrate structure can influence the FSH-receptor interaction.	Carbohydrates	172-184	follicle stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	213-225
7758348-0	1995	Alterations in the IgA carbohydrate chains influence the cellular distribution of IgA1.	Carbohydrates	23-35	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1	Homo sapiens	82-86
7776822-7	1995	These data confirmed that the CB1 receptors in brain are N-linked glycoproteins with heterogeneous carbohydrate composition.	Carbohydrates	99-111	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	30-33
7961863-3	1994	Proteolytic activation of C3 exposes a highly reactive thioester bond which preferentially reacts with the hydroxyl groups of acceptor molecules on activators such as immune complexes or carbohydrates on microorganisms.	Carbohydrates	187-200	complement C3	Homo sapiens	26-28
7757427-0	1994	Carbohydrate structures of recombinant soluble lamp-1 and leukosialin containing sialyl Le(x) terminus.	Carbohydrates	0-12	leukosialin	Cricetulus griseus	58-69
7867889-1	1994	GLP-1(7-36)amide is an intestinal post-translational proglucagon product released mainly after carbohydrate ingestion, the glucose dependent insulinotropic and antidiabetogenic actions of which have been documented.	Carbohydrates	95-107	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
7919388-7	1994	These data suggest that the association of the 65-kD gp91-phox precursor with p22-phox is a prerequisite for processing of the carbohydrate side chains to the complex form in the Golgi.	Carbohydrates	127-139	cytochrome b-245 beta chain	Homo sapiens	53-62
8050588-1	1994	GLP-1(7-36)amide is an insulinotropic peptide derived from the intestinal post-translational proglucagon process, the release of which is increased mainly after a carbohydrate meal; also, its anti-diabetogenic effect in normal and diabetic states has been reported.	Carbohydrates	163-175	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
7951480-1	1994	The aim of this work was to determine whether infusion of bombesin inhibits intake of a carbohydrate-rich meal in lean and obese women.	Carbohydrates	88-100	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	58-66
8040784-3	1994	A shift was observed in fuel consumption, and a significant reduction was found in the amount of fats oxidized (0.68 +/- 0.23 vs 1.18 +/- 0.18 gm.kg-1.day-1), which was accompanied by increased utilization of carbohydrates (5.31 +/- 0.79 vs 3.81 +/- 0.39 gm.kg-1.day-1) in comparison with the control subjects.	Carbohydrates	209-222	chromosome 10 open reading frame 90	Homo sapiens	97-101
7528058-0	1994	Identification and carbohydrate specificity of a chicken serum mannan-binding protein reactive with a Ra chemotype strain of Salmonella typhimurium.	Carbohydrates	19-31	mannose binding lectin 2	Gallus gallus	63-85
8195079-7	1994	This residue lies outside the predicted ChvE binding site and thus identifies a new region of the VirA periplasmic domain crucial for the enhancement of vir gene induction by carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	175-188	two-component VirA-like sensor kinase	Agrobacterium tumefaciens	98-102
8162602-2	1994	The melanoma-associated antigen, A32, was defined by a murine monoclonal antibody and was immunoprecipitated as a single 113 kDa integral membrane glycoprotein containing sialic acid and HNK-1 carbohydrate moieties.	Carbohydrates	193-205	melanoma cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	4-36
7513740-5	1994	The molecule detected by the HECA-452 antibody on Langerhans cells is neuraminidase sensitive and contains a CD15 (LewisX) carbohydrate backbone.	Carbohydrates	123-135	hdc homolog, cell cycle regulator	Mus musculus	29-33
8178437-9	1994	Digestion of immunoprecipitated gB-1 and gB-3 with endoglycosidases revealed that both gp60s are modified by the additions of O-glycans and complex carbohydrates after cleavage of gp100s, while gp100s and gp49s contain only high-mannose carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	148-161	gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1	Homo sapiens	32-45
8178437-10	1994	We confirm that the size differences between gB-1 and gB-3 complexes are due to different carbohydrate modifications.	Carbohydrates	90-102	gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1	Homo sapiens	45-58
7512827-4	1994	In this study, we examine the nature of the sulfate-modified carbohydrates of GlyCAM-1.	Carbohydrates	61-74	glycosylation dependent cell adhesion molecule 1 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	78-86
7512827-5	1994	GlyCAM-1 was metabolically labeled in lymph node organ culture with 35SO4 and a panel of tritiated carbohydrate precursors.	Carbohydrates	99-111	glycosylation dependent cell adhesion molecule 1 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	0-8
8155690-2	1994	The carbohydrate-dependent antigens (e.g., ABH, Lewis, Ii, P1, P-related, T and Tn) are covalently attached to proteins and/or sphingolipids, which are also widely distributed in body fluids, normal tissues and tumors.	Carbohydrates	4-16	alkB homolog 1, histone H2A dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	43-46
7510414-3	1994	The authors wished to add to this background by studying the effect of vitronectin on formation of TCC on a carbohydrate surface like agarose beads, an alternative complement pathway activator.	Carbohydrates	108-120	vitronectin	Homo sapiens	71-82
8180600-3	1994	In addition, the difference of carbohydrate moiety, and hence glycosylation, in the CD9 antigen derived from lymphoblasts and neuroblasts was verified using lectin affinity chromatography.	Carbohydrates	31-43	CD9 molecule	Homo sapiens	84-87
8180600-4	1994	The lectin affinity of the carbohydrate moiety of lymphoblast CD9 antigen would indicate the presence of N-linked oligosaccharide chains having groups of N-acetyl glucosamine residues, a mannose core and a terminal D-galactose.	Carbohydrates	27-39	CD9 molecule	Homo sapiens	62-65
8165858-5	1994	Lectin-binding studies suggest that carbohydrate groups on the infected-cell-derived gp130 may differ from those on recombinant counterparts expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells and Baculovirus-infected insect cells.	Carbohydrates	36-48	Neutrophil migration (granulocyte glycoprotein)	Homo sapiens	85-90
7801614-1	1994	Traditional blood group ABO serology is based on immunoreactivity with the carbohydrate determinants A, B and H antigens.	Carbohydrates	75-87	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	24-27
8297512-7	1993	Further analysis employing N-glycosidase F digestion and CNBr cleavage revealed that the larger molecule was native proteinase A bearing carbohydrate moieties at Asn68 and Asn269, whereas the smaller molecule was a proteinase A variant glycoform lacking the carbohydrate moiety at Asn269.	Carbohydrates	137-149	proteinase A	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	116-128
8297512-8	1993	Capillary electrophoresis of both the normal and underglycosylated proteinase A glycoforms revealed charge heterogeneities attributable to differences in the phosphorylation level of the carbohydrate moiety at Asn68.	Carbohydrates	187-199	proteinase A	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	67-79
7507810-8	1993	The CNS P0-like protein and the PNS P0 protein showed a difference in reactivity with lectins and anti-L2/HNK-1 antibodies, suggesting that the two proteins differ in some aspects of their carbohydrate structures.	Carbohydrates	189-201	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 like L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	106-111
8219401-6	1993	Some of the hepatotoxicity was found to result from the metabolic disturbances associated with the oxidation of ethanol via the liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) pathway and the redox changes produced by the generated NADH, which in turn affects the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and purines.	Carbohydrates	272-285	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	157-160
7688730-2	1993	Countertrypin is a 53-kDa glycoprotein having about 30% carbohydrate, and did not cross-react immunologically with either mouse alpha 1-antiproteinase (also called alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor or alpha 1-antitrypsin) or contrapsin.	Carbohydrates	56-68	alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein	Mus musculus	0-13
8314803-13	1993	Sequence comparison of the PAP gene with 13 carbohydrate-recognition domain-containing genes revealed that they derived from the same ancestor gene.	Carbohydrates	44-56	regenerating family member 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	27-30
8314803-14	1993	Position of introns within the carbohydrate-recognition domain were different, however, suggesting that PAP belongs to a new group of lectins.	Carbohydrates	31-43	regenerating family member 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	104-107
8508432-0	1993	Correlation of expression of ABH blood group carbohydrate antigens with metastatic potential in human lung carcinomas.	Carbohydrates	45-57	alkB homolog 1, histone H2A dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	29-32
8508432-2	1993	The expression of ABH blood group carbohydrate antigens was examined histochemically in tumors and adjacent nontumorous tissues of 89 cases of human lung carcinoma in which nontumorous tissues expressed blood group carbohydrate antigens compatible with the erythrocyte blood group types.	Carbohydrates	34-46	alkB homolog 1, histone H2A dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	18-21
8330686-2	1993	Expression of the PEPCK/bGH gene was markedly enhanced by feeding a diet high in protein and inhibited by a high carbohydrate diet.	Carbohydrates	113-125	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1, cytosolic	Mus musculus	18-23
8518174-5	1993	CD44 is a well-known homing receptor protein which is rich in carbohydrate and usually completely sialylated so that it does not react with PNA.	Carbohydrates	62-74	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-4
8475501-1	1993	We have previously shown that the rate of hepatic gluconeogenesis is reduced in TCDD-treated rats and that this decrease in carbohydrate production is associated with a dose-dependent reduction of the activity of PEPCK, the rate limiting enzyme of gluconeogenesis.	Carbohydrates	124-136	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	213-218
8462282-8	1993	Higher molecular size carbohydrate chains, rich in fucose and galactose, are abundant in the surface mucus and mucus gel-derived mucin.	Carbohydrates	22-34	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	129-134
8436402-1	1993	Conglutinin is a Ca(2+)-dependent, carbohydrate-binding, serum protein which contains an N-terminal collagen-like region and a C-terminal, C-type lectin domain.	Carbohydrates	35-47	conglutinin	Bos taurus	0-11
8436402-5	1993	However, SP-D and conglutinin are known to have different carbohydrate-binding specificities, therefore some of the 16 residues conserved in the C-type lectin domains of all three species of SP-D, but which are not conserved in conglutinin, appear likely to be involved in determination of specificity.	Carbohydrates	58-70	conglutinin	Bos taurus	18-29
7764229-11	1993	Treatment of extensin with trifluoroacetic acid demonstrated that arabinose was the principal carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	94-106	extensin-3-like	Solanum lycopersicum	13-21
1280270-2	1992	This is the first report on a unique vitronectin molecule, yolk vitronectin, which is similar to its blood homologue in cell spreading activity but different in molecular size, bound carbohydrate, and heparin and collagen binding activity.	Carbohydrates	183-195	vitronectin	Gallus gallus	37-48
1280270-2	1992	This is the first report on a unique vitronectin molecule, yolk vitronectin, which is similar to its blood homologue in cell spreading activity but different in molecular size, bound carbohydrate, and heparin and collagen binding activity.	Carbohydrates	183-195	vitronectin	Gallus gallus	64-75
1280270-7	1992	The bound carbohydrate of the 54- and 45-kDa species of yolk vitronectin is similar to, but distinct from, that of blood vitronectin.	Carbohydrates	10-22	vitronectin	Gallus gallus	61-72
1279676-10	1992	The interaction between extracellular matrix proteins and 4-1BB was completely blocked by the anionic carbohydrate polymer fucoidan and was partially blocked by the anionic carbohydrate polymer dextran sulfate and the glycosaminoglycan heparin sulfate but was unaffected by desulfated heparin.	Carbohydrates	102-114	TNF receptor superfamily member 9	Homo sapiens	58-63
1279676-10	1992	The interaction between extracellular matrix proteins and 4-1BB was completely blocked by the anionic carbohydrate polymer fucoidan and was partially blocked by the anionic carbohydrate polymer dextran sulfate and the glycosaminoglycan heparin sulfate but was unaffected by desulfated heparin.	Carbohydrates	173-185	TNF receptor superfamily member 9	Homo sapiens	58-63
1279676-11	1992	These results suggest that carbohydrates may play a role in mediating the 4-1BB-extracellular matrix protein adhesion.	Carbohydrates	27-40	TNF receptor superfamily member 9	Homo sapiens	74-79
1332609-7	1992	We conclude that mucin is the major endogenous carbohydrate excreted from the upper gut and that gum arabic increases the amount of this endogenous carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	47-59	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	17-22
1332609-7	1992	We conclude that mucin is the major endogenous carbohydrate excreted from the upper gut and that gum arabic increases the amount of this endogenous carbohydrate.	Carbohydrates	148-160	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	17-22
1637828-10	1992	They have three domains, a short NH2-terminal domain, a collagen-like domain, and a domain homologous to regions of some carbohydrate-binding proteins, as has been reported for rat MBPs.	Carbohydrates	121-133	myelin basic protein	Rattus norvegicus	181-185
1339284-10	1992	Use of maltosyl-BSA as a neoglycoprotein ligand in a solid-phase binding assay showed that human SP-D has a similar carbohydrate-binding specificity to rat SP-D, but a clearly distinct specificity from that of other lectins, such as conglutinin, for a range of simple saccharides.	Carbohydrates	116-128	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	97-101
1339284-10	1992	Use of maltosyl-BSA as a neoglycoprotein ligand in a solid-phase binding assay showed that human SP-D has a similar carbohydrate-binding specificity to rat SP-D, but a clearly distinct specificity from that of other lectins, such as conglutinin, for a range of simple saccharides.	Carbohydrates	268-279	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	97-101
1339284-14	1992	Comparison of the human SP-D and bovine serum conglutinin amino acid sequences indicated that they showed 66% identity despite their marked differences in carbohydrate specificity.	Carbohydrates	155-167	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	24-28
1377451-1	1992	Expression of the mouse pancreatic amylase gene Amy-2.2 is increased approximately 10-fold in response to increasing the carbohydrate content of the diet from 9.6 to 74%.	Carbohydrates	121-133	amylase 2b	Mus musculus	48-55
1350282-1	1992	Expression of the murine liver stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene (SCD1) is induced upon feeding fasted mice a fat-free, high carbohydrate diet (Ntambi, J. M., Buhrow, S. A., Kaestner, K. H., Christy, R. J., Sibley, E., Kelly, T. J., and Lane, M.D.	Carbohydrates	120-132	stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1	Mus musculus	61-65
1350282-6	1992	Based on the time course of induction, the SCD1 mRNA increased from 2-fold within 6 h to 45-fold within 36 h. Nuclear run-on transcription studies showed that the accumulation of SCD1 mRNA after refeeding starved mice a fat-free, high carbohydrate diet was a consequence of the transcriptional activation of the SCD1 gene.	Carbohydrates	235-247	stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1	Mus musculus	43-47
1350282-6	1992	Based on the time course of induction, the SCD1 mRNA increased from 2-fold within 6 h to 45-fold within 36 h. Nuclear run-on transcription studies showed that the accumulation of SCD1 mRNA after refeeding starved mice a fat-free, high carbohydrate diet was a consequence of the transcriptional activation of the SCD1 gene.	Carbohydrates	235-247	stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1	Mus musculus	179-183
1350282-6	1992	Based on the time course of induction, the SCD1 mRNA increased from 2-fold within 6 h to 45-fold within 36 h. Nuclear run-on transcription studies showed that the accumulation of SCD1 mRNA after refeeding starved mice a fat-free, high carbohydrate diet was a consequence of the transcriptional activation of the SCD1 gene.	Carbohydrates	235-247	stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1	Mus musculus	179-183
1350282-7	1992	The SCD1 mRNA level decreased rapidly (t1/2 = approximately 4 h) within 24 h when mice fed the fat-free, high carbohydrate diet were switched to a regular chow diet.	Carbohydrates	110-122	stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1	Mus musculus	4-8
1350282-11	1992	These data demonstrate that both dietary carbohydrates and polyunsaturated fatty acids or their metabolites directly or indirectly regulate the expression of the SCD1 gene in mouse liver.	Carbohydrates	41-54	stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1	Mus musculus	162-166
1577757-14	1992	This M-ASGP-BP expression system may serve as a simple model with which to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying carbohydrate-mediated endocytosis.	Carbohydrates	123-135	C-type lectin domain containing 10A	Rattus norvegicus	5-14
1577197-4	1992	Considerable evidence suggests that carbohydrate determinants of ZP3 are responsible for binding to sperm and may be important for acrosomal exocytosis.	Carbohydrates	36-48	zona pellucida glycoprotein 3	Mus musculus	65-68
1577197-10	1992	Thus, rZP3 isolated from both rodent and primate cells appears to contain those carbohydrate and protein structures necessary for ZP3"s dual role in fertilization.	Carbohydrates	80-92	zona pellucida glycoprotein 3	Rattus norvegicus	6-10
1577197-10	1992	Thus, rZP3 isolated from both rodent and primate cells appears to contain those carbohydrate and protein structures necessary for ZP3"s dual role in fertilization.	Carbohydrates	80-92	zona pellucida glycoprotein 3	Mus musculus	7-10
1560214-2	1992	We have shown previously that an IgM mAb (A10) recognizing Ehrlich tumor (ET) cell surface carbohydrates, inhibits in vivo ET growth by a macrophage-dependent mechanism.	Carbohydrates	91-104	UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A7C	Mus musculus	42-45
1387363-4	1992	The high carbohydrate contents, subcellular localization and N-terminal sequence indicated a high similarity or identity of this antigen with the lamp-2 protein.	Carbohydrates	9-21	lysosomal associated membrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	146-152
1381756-9	1992	The combined data indicate that TEC-2, which is a well-defined zona pellucida specific carbohydrate epitope, might be a part of the secondary sperm receptor.	Carbohydrates	87-99	zona pellucida glycoprotein 3	Mus musculus	142-156
1563908-1	1992	Carbohydrates related to the ABO, Tn, and T blood group systems are markers of cellular differentiation in many epithelial tissues.	Carbohydrates	0-13	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	29-32
1305688-1	1992	The ABO and Lewis blood group antigens are cell surface carbohydrate determinants formed by the sequential addition of saccharides to precursor backbone structures of membrane lipids and proteins.	Carbohydrates	56-68	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	4-7
1305688-1	1992	The ABO and Lewis blood group antigens are cell surface carbohydrate determinants formed by the sequential addition of saccharides to precursor backbone structures of membrane lipids and proteins.	Carbohydrates	119-130	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	4-7
1573511-1	1992	Carbohydrate solutions that empty rapidly from the stomach have been shown to produce less gastroesophageal reflux (GER) during the postcibal period than more slowly emptying formulas.	Carbohydrates	0-12	GER	Homo sapiens	116-119
1722211-5	1991	In healthy rats, the very low level of PAP expression in pancreas could be increased up to 4-fold by physiological stimuli such as chronic hormonal or cholinergic stimulation of pancreatic secretion and adaptation of rats to a carbohydrate-rich diet.	Carbohydrates	227-239	regenerating family member 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	39-42
1722809-4	1991	Thus, we obtained carbohydrate contents of 38, 28, 8 and 7% for Chinese hamster ovary cell-expressed erythropoietin (EPO), stem cell factor (SCF), granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), respectively.	Carbohydrates	18-30	erythropoietin	Cricetulus griseus	101-115
1722809-4	1991	Thus, we obtained carbohydrate contents of 38, 28, 8 and 7% for Chinese hamster ovary cell-expressed erythropoietin (EPO), stem cell factor (SCF), granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), respectively.	Carbohydrates	18-30	erythropoietin	Cricetulus griseus	117-120
1717457-9	1991	The CHO cell-derived SCF is about 30% carbohydrate by weight, with both N-linked and O-linked sugar.	Carbohydrates	38-50	KIT ligand	Homo sapiens	21-24
1915067-5	1991	We conclude that placentally expressed hGH-V has a spectrum of metabolic activity comparable to pituitary hGH-N and may contribute to regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism during pregnancy.	Carbohydrates	148-160	growth hormone 2	Homo sapiens	39-44
1654903-0	1991	Role of carbohydrate in rat plasma thiostatin: deglycosylation destroys cysteine proteinase inhibition activity.	Carbohydrates	8-20	kininogen 2	Rattus norvegicus	35-45
1935176-1	1991	The competitive effect of Ca2+ on the cryoprotective action of carbohydrates has been investigated during freeze-thaw processes of unilamellar egg phosphatidylcholine vesicles.	Carbohydrates	63-76	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	26-29
1828514-5	1991	For example, the carbohydrate determinants recognized by MT2 (CD45RA) and 2B11 (CD45) were not or were very weakly expressed on germinal center cells, whereas the carbohydrate determinant recognized by MT3 (CD45RB) was not expressed on the majority of mantle zone B cells.	Carbohydrates	163-175	metallothionein 3	Homo sapiens	202-205
1828514-7	1991	The findings suggest that differential biosynthesis and expression of the carbohydrate components of LCA are important mechanisms to generate additional LCA heterogeneity.	Carbohydrates	74-86	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C	Homo sapiens	101-104
1828514-7	1991	The findings suggest that differential biosynthesis and expression of the carbohydrate components of LCA are important mechanisms to generate additional LCA heterogeneity.	Carbohydrates	74-86	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C	Homo sapiens	153-156
1828514-9	1991	Heterogeneity in carbohydrate composition of the extracellular domain of LCA appears to enable interactions with different ligands, thereby holding the key to the regulation of LCA cytoplasmic tyrosine phosphatase activity.	Carbohydrates	17-29	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C	Homo sapiens	73-76
1828514-9	1991	Heterogeneity in carbohydrate composition of the extracellular domain of LCA appears to enable interactions with different ligands, thereby holding the key to the regulation of LCA cytoplasmic tyrosine phosphatase activity.	Carbohydrates	17-29	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C	Homo sapiens	177-180
1901219-1	1991	The structure and function of the carbohydrate moiety of human lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) were determined by using several glycosidases in reaction with the isolated plasma protein or by using specific inhibitors of glycoprotein assembly with cultured cells secreting LCAT activity.	Carbohydrates	34-46	lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	63-99
1901219-1	1991	The structure and function of the carbohydrate moiety of human lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) were determined by using several glycosidases in reaction with the isolated plasma protein or by using specific inhibitors of glycoprotein assembly with cultured cells secreting LCAT activity.	Carbohydrates	34-46	lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	101-105
1901219-1	1991	The structure and function of the carbohydrate moiety of human lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) were determined by using several glycosidases in reaction with the isolated plasma protein or by using specific inhibitors of glycoprotein assembly with cultured cells secreting LCAT activity.	Carbohydrates	34-46	lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	285-289
1901219-2	1991	Analysis of the plasma enzyme indicated that almost all of the large carbohydrate moiety of LCAT (approximately 25% w/w) was N-linked with part of the high-mannose and part of the complex type.	Carbohydrates	69-81	lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	92-96
1901219-3	1991	This analysis was confirmed with metabolic inhibitors of carbohydrate processing by using CHO cells stably transfected with the human LCAT gene.	Carbohydrates	57-69	lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	134-138
2005375-10	1991	The results obtained from inhibition studies with simple saccharides and complex carbohydrates in relation to the expression of ABH blood group antigens suggest a complex lectin combining site(s) in histological specimens.	Carbohydrates	57-68	alkB homolog 1, histone H2A dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	128-131
2005375-10	1991	The results obtained from inhibition studies with simple saccharides and complex carbohydrates in relation to the expression of ABH blood group antigens suggest a complex lectin combining site(s) in histological specimens.	Carbohydrates	81-94	alkB homolog 1, histone H2A dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	128-131
2011597-2	1991	In a carbohydrate-shift strategy, N-terminal and internal peptide sequences were obtained on glycosylated and deglycosylated forms of GP-2, respectively, by gas-phase sequencing.	Carbohydrates	5-17	glycoprotein 2	Canis lupus familiaris	134-138
2002028-2	1991	Sugar-binding characteristics of rat serum mannose-binding protein (MBP) were studied using the carbohydrate-recognition domain of this protein expressed from a cloned cDNA.	Carbohydrates	96-108	mannose binding lectin 2	Gallus gallus	43-66
2002028-2	1991	Sugar-binding characteristics of rat serum mannose-binding protein (MBP) were studied using the carbohydrate-recognition domain of this protein expressed from a cloned cDNA.	Carbohydrates	96-108	mannose binding lectin 2	Gallus gallus	68-71
2002028-6	1991	These characteristics are shared by the rat hepatic lectin and chicken hepatic lectin, both of which are C-type lectins containing carbohydrate-recognition domains highly homologous to that of MBP.	Carbohydrates	131-143	mannose binding lectin 2	Gallus gallus	193-196
1999403-2	1991	To further evaluate the specificity of the carbohydrate moiety on the hCG function, we have expressed hCG beta subunit in the baculovirus insect cell system to modify its carbohydrate structures.	Carbohydrates	171-183	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 3	Homo sapiens	102-110
2055602-0	1991	Antigenic studies on an enzymatically sialylated carbohydrate: NeuAc(alpha 2-3)Gal(beta 1-3)[GlcNAc(beta 1-6)]GalNAc.	Carbohydrates	49-61	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	100-108
2055602-2	1991	The chemical epitope which characterizes the CA 125 antigen is found on a high molecular weight glycoprotein and has been suggested to be carbohydrate in nature.	Carbohydrates	138-150	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	45-51
1703039-12	1991	These results suggest that the malignancy-associated structures identified by Ia3 and Nd2 may provide new information on the carbohydrate and peptide structure of pancreatic cancer mucins.	Carbohydrates	125-137	mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 2	Homo sapiens	86-89
1673897-11	1991	Evidence is presented that in rats the substitution of dietary corn oil for isocaloric amounts of either carbohydrates or protein produces similar increases in plasma butyrylcholinesterase activity.	Carbohydrates	105-118	cholinesterase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	167-188
1742419-2	1991	The terminal part of carbohydrate structures carried on oral epithelial cells often expresses antigens of the ABO and Lewis blood group systems.	Carbohydrates	21-33	ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	110-113
1701693-0	1990	Carbohydrate ligands of the LEC cell adhesion molecules.	Carbohydrates	0-12	C-C motif chemokine ligand 16	Homo sapiens	28-31
2224860-4	1990	Two of them (A10 and E1), strongly recognizing ET cells and with specificity to ET cell surface carbohydrates, were selected.	Carbohydrates	96-109	UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A7C	Mus musculus	13-16
1966654-4	1990	GH1 accelerated oxidative-phosphorylation of carbohydrate since the activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and cytochrome oxidase (CCO) were obviously stimulated.	Carbohydrates	45-57	succinate dehydrogenase complex iron sulfur subunit B	Homo sapiens	107-110
2171671-4	1990	The weight percent carbohydrate for Hep G2, Hep 3B and Huh 7 LDL-protein (1.1 +/- 0.2; 1.7 +/- 0.8; 0.4 +/- 0.1) was found to be extremely low compared with the 2.8-9% range we found for plasma LDL-protein, while the amount of LDL-lipid associated carbohydrate from hepatoma LDL was similar to that we found in plasma LDL.	Carbohydrates	19-31	MIR7-3 host gene	Homo sapiens	55-60
2171671-4	1990	The weight percent carbohydrate for Hep G2, Hep 3B and Huh 7 LDL-protein (1.1 +/- 0.2; 1.7 +/- 0.8; 0.4 +/- 0.1) was found to be extremely low compared with the 2.8-9% range we found for plasma LDL-protein, while the amount of LDL-lipid associated carbohydrate from hepatoma LDL was similar to that we found in plasma LDL.	Carbohydrates	248-260	MIR7-3 host gene	Homo sapiens	55-60
2081322-5	1990	The bean husks are a particular case, they contain starch-blockers able to reduce the in vitro hydrolysis of carbohydrates.	Carbohydrates	109-122	brain expressed associated with NEDD4 1	Homo sapiens	4-8
2226797-0	1990	Carbohydrate structures of a human tissue plasminogen activator variant expressed in recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cells.	Carbohydrates	0-12	chromosome 20 open reading frame 181	Homo sapiens	35-63
2226797-1	1990	The carbohydrate structures of a genetically engineered human tissue plasminogen activator variant bearing a single N-glycosylation site at Asn 448 are reported.	Carbohydrates	4-16	chromosome 20 open reading frame 181	Homo sapiens	62-90
1974864-9	1990	The Ly-6A.2+Lin- cells expressed intermediate levels of phagocyte glycoprotein-1 (Pgp-1), low levels of heat-stable antigen (HSA), and high levels of class I major histocompatibility antigens (H2 K/D), leukocyte common antigen (Ly-5), and carbohydrate binding sites for the lectin wheat-germ agglutinin (WGA).	Carbohydrates	239-251	lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus A	Mus musculus	4-11
2136379-1	1990	Polysialic acid is a developmentally regulated carbohydrate structure found on neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAM).	Carbohydrates	47-59	neural cell adhesion molecule 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	79-109
2136379-1	1990	Polysialic acid is a developmentally regulated carbohydrate structure found on neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAM).	Carbohydrates	47-59	neural cell adhesion molecule 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	111-115
2358462-5	1990	However, M-ASGP-BP was characteristic in having a shorter cytoplasmic tail, and an inserted segment of 24 amino acids containing an Arg-Gly-Asp sequence between the membrane-spanning region and carbohydrate recognition domain.	Carbohydrates	194-206	C-type lectin domain containing 10A	Rattus norvegicus	9-18
2112509-8	1990	Our results confirm the previous reports that low T3 in diabetes correlates with severity of hyperglycemia and we report for the first time that serum T3 of diabetic patients has positive correlation with body weight, probably due to still available carbohydrate in spite of disturbances in the metabolism.	Carbohydrates	250-262	solute carrier family 25 member 5	Homo sapiens	151-153
1967585-0	1990	Effect of ingested carbohydrate, fat, and protein on the release of somatostatin-28 in humans.	Carbohydrates	19-31	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	68-83
2308519-7	1990	When diets were switched after run 1, FAT-adapted animals, which received carbohydrates for 72 hours, restored muscle and liver glycogen (48 and 343 mumols/g, respectively) and then ran longer (144 minutes) than CHO-adapted animals (104 minutes) that ate fat for 72 hours and that had reduced glycogen repletion.	Carbohydrates	74-87	RAN, member RAS oncogene family	Rattus norvegicus	182-185
1690317-1	1990	Anti-SSEA-1 which binds to glycoconjugates with a Gal beta 1-4(fuc alpha 1-3)GlcNAc epitope and VIM-2 which binds to gangliosides with a NeuAc alpha 2-3GlcNAc beta-4(FUC alpha 1-3) GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal-epitope were used to determine the expression of their corresponding carbohydrate antigens in human leukocytes and leukemia cells.	Carbohydrates	269-281	vimentin 2, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	96-101
33232564-10	2021	The main genes identified for RFT were GSK3beta, LRP1B, EXT1, GRB2, SORCS1 and SLMAP, which are involved in metabolic pathways such as glycogen synthesis, lipid transport and homeostasis, polysaccharide and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	207-219	sortilin related VPS10 domain containing receptor 1	Bos taurus	68-74
33232564-10	2021	The main genes identified for RFT were GSK3beta, LRP1B, EXT1, GRB2, SORCS1 and SLMAP, which are involved in metabolic pathways such as glycogen synthesis, lipid transport and homeostasis, polysaccharide and carbohydrate metabolism.	Carbohydrates	207-219	sarcolemma associated protein	Bos taurus	79-84
33793873-6	2021	Mass spectrometric and immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that Mn6 is predominantly involved in processing carbohydrate synthesis-related proteins, including the cell wall invertase miniature seed1 (Mn1), which is specifically expressed in the basal endosperm transfer layer.	Carbohydrates	110-122	miniature seed 1	Zea mays	202-205
33799879-3	2021	We have previously shown that NC coated with carbohydrates to enable biocompatibility triggered the lectin-dependent complement pathway, resulting in enhanced binding to B cells via complement receptor (CR)1/2.	Carbohydrates	45-58	complement receptor 2	Mus musculus	202-209
31562242-2	2019	Here, we determined the high-resolution (0.97-1.46 A) crystal structures with and without bound ligand of a recombinant fragment of conglutinin"s C-terminal carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD).	Carbohydrates	157-169	conglutinin	Bos taurus	132-143
34943132-4	2021	During fasting/feeding changes, PASK regulates the expression and activation of critical liver proteins involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis.	Carbohydrates	116-128	PAS domain containing serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	32-36
34787402-10	2021	The changes of genes related to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, such as citrate synthase (CS), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1), and malate dehydrogenase (MDH), further supported these results.	Carbohydrates	32-44	malic enzyme 1	Homo sapiens	140-160
34787402-10	2021	The changes of genes related to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, such as citrate synthase (CS), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1), and malate dehydrogenase (MDH), further supported these results.	Carbohydrates	32-44	malic enzyme 1	Homo sapiens	162-165
34959832-7	2021	This was in line with intestinal and hepatic carbohydrate response (e.g., Slc2a2, Slc2a5, Khk and Fbp1) and hepatic lipogenesis (e.g., Srebf1 and Fasn), which were significantly reduced under psyllium addition.	Carbohydrates	45-57	solute carrier family 2 member 2	Homo sapiens	74-80
34944138-2	2021	Previous research indicated a postprandial elevation in plasma concentrations of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, after consuming 1.2 g of non-structural carbohydrates/kilogram of body weight.	Carbohydrates	180-193	interleukin 1 alpha	Equus caballus	100-108
34944138-5	2021	Our results suggest that at least two weeks of daily consumption of a high non-structural carbohydrate diet is required to induce a post-prandial increase in IL-1beta concentrations in younger and leaner horses.	Carbohydrates	90-102	interleukin 1 alpha	Equus caballus	158-166
34884473-9	2021	These findings suggest that an increase in local glucose availability leads to the activation of microglia by controlling their carbohydrate sensing mechanism through both GLUT5-dependent and -independent mechanisms.	Carbohydrates	128-140	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 5	Mus musculus	172-177
34868153-9	2021	Our findings demonstrated that stenospermocarpy can be induced by overexpression of VvSUC27 through a consequential reduction in nutrient delivery to pollen at anthesis, with a subsequent downregulation of the genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and hormone signaling.	Carbohydrates	228-240	sucrose transporter-like	Vitis vinifera	84-91
34833174-0	2021	Chemical Modification of Glycoproteins" Carbohydrate Moiety as a General Strategy for the Synthesis of Efficient Biocatalysts by Biomimetic Mineralization: The Case of Glucose Oxidase.	Carbohydrates	40-52	hydroxyacid oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	168-183
34830014-6	2021	A metabolomic analysis revealed that muscle down-regulation of Marf and Opa1 promotes a non-autonomous systemic metabolome reorganization, mainly affecting metabolites involved in the energetic homeostasis: carbohydrates, lipids and aminoacids.	Carbohydrates	207-220	mitofusin 2	Homo sapiens	63-67
34725012-9	2021	Carbohydrate intake interacted with the SNP PLIN1 11482 G>A to modulate waist circumference (WC) and the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance index.	Carbohydrates	0-12	perilipin 1	Homo sapiens	44-49
34647563-1	2021	We report the first synthesis and immunological evaluation of a new glycoconjugate design based on streamlined saponin adjuvants and the Tn carbohydrate antigen.	Carbohydrates	140-152	C-type lectin domain family 3, member b	Mus musculus	137-139
34778340-8	2021	Discussion: The main results suggest that the KD is an alternative energy source for neurons in AD with positive consequences for the brain at different levels such as epigenetic, metabolic and signaling, and that the substitution of carbohydrates for fats is also associated with emotional symptoms and glutamate activity in AD.	Carbohydrates	234-247	chromosome 10 open reading frame 90	Homo sapiens	252-256
34703256-15	2021	In insulin-resistant HepG2 cells, ANGPTL8/betatrophin knockout exerted an effect on the amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, lipid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and genetic information processing pathway.	Carbohydrates	111-123	angiopoietin like 8	Homo sapiens	34-41
34408213-0	2021	Dietary carbohydrates interacts with AMY1 polymorphisms to influence the incidence of type 2 diabetes in Korean adults.	Carbohydrates	8-21	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	37-41
34408213-7	2021	Three AMY1 SNPs were significantly associated with diabetes incidence among patients with carbohydrate intake > 65% of total energy: rs6696797, rs4244372, and rs10881197.	Carbohydrates	90-102	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	6-10
34383825-3	2021	Moreover, recent studies have shown that with continuation of exercise sled dogs increase their insulin-sensitivity and their capacity to transport and oxidize glucose and carbohydrates rather than oxidizing fatty acids.	Carbohydrates	172-185	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	96-103
34105981-16	2021	Znf1 actively reprograms expression of genes linked to UPR, heat shock response, glycerol and carbohydrate metabolism, and biosyntheses of cell membrane and cell wall components.	Carbohydrates	94-106	DNA-binding domain containing protein	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-4
34063171-0	2021	Advances in the Understanding of the Transfer of Saccharides through NF Membranes in the Presence of Electrolytes by Coupling Quantum Mechanics and Thermodynamic Methods.	Carbohydrates	49-60	neurofascin	Homo sapiens	69-71
34522719-2	2021	However, the relationship between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and gastrointestinal tumor markers carcinoma embryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199) and carbohydrate antigen 724 (CA724) in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is not specified.	Carbohydrates	129-141	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	34-39
34471009-7	2021	Incorporation of both sulfated carbohydrate and hydrophobic monomers into lightly crosslinked pNIPAm nanoparticles (NPs) captured and neutralized vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inhibited tumor growth upon intravenous injection into tumor-bearing mice.	Carbohydrates	31-43	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	146-180
35538513-2	2022	This study aimed to examine interactions between melanocortin 4 receptor gene (MC4R) rs17782313 and dietary carbohydrate intake, glycemic index (GI), and glycemic load (GL) on body mass index (BMI), waist circumferences (WC), basal metabolic rate (BMR), and BMR/kg in overweight/obese women.	Carbohydrates	108-120	melanocortin 4 receptor	Homo sapiens	49-72
35538513-9	2022	CONCLUSIONS: Interactions between the MC4R rs17782313 and carbohydrate intake probably can have an effect on BMI, WC, and BMR/kg in overweight/obese women.	Carbohydrates	58-70	melanocortin 4 receptor	Homo sapiens	38-42
35625744-6	2022	Bioinformatic analysis of the interactions of immunohistochemical markers of gliomas and carbohydrate metabolism enzymes using the databases of STRING, BioGrid, and Signor revealed the presence of biologically significant interactions with glycogen synthase kinase 3beta, hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and transketolase.	Carbohydrates	89-101	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	284-317
35440411-3	2022	The Toll and Imd signaling pathways operate in organs such as fat body and gut that control host nutrient metabolism, and infections or genetic activation of Toll and Imd signaling also induce wide-ranging changes in host lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolism.	Carbohydrates	229-241	Toll	Drosophila melanogaster	4-8
35440411-3	2022	The Toll and Imd signaling pathways operate in organs such as fat body and gut that control host nutrient metabolism, and infections or genetic activation of Toll and Imd signaling also induce wide-ranging changes in host lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolism.	Carbohydrates	229-241	Toll	Drosophila melanogaster	158-162
35253071-10	2022	CONCLUSION: Substitution of dietary carbohydrates for total fats and PUFAs might reduce the odds of breast cancer.	Carbohydrates	36-49	chromosome 10 open reading frame 90	Homo sapiens	60-64
35181908-4	2022	Finally, we suggest that the carbohydrate chain at Asn-39 restricts the activator specificity, as elimination of this glycosylation site increases the activation rate for activation by FIXa and FXa.	Carbohydrates	29-41	coagulation factor X	Homo sapiens	194-197
35123073-9	2022	Thirdly, strong evidence was found on the extensively horizontal transfer of genes (e.g., genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes) among sympatric P. copri groups and PCL species in the same primate host.	Carbohydrates	105-117	PHD finger protein 1	Homo sapiens	170-173
35203555-4	2022	Human milk oligosaccharides (hMOS) are non-digestible carbohydrates known to exert health benefits in breastfed infants by preventing infection, maintaining immune homeostasis and nurturing healthy gut microbiota.	Carbohydrates	54-67	MOS proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	29-33
34550380-3	2022	OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate whether increase in dietary carbohydrates (dHC) or decrease in dietary proteins (dLP) can cause hepatic global DNA hypomethylation, and to explore the underlying mechanisms in trout.	Carbohydrates	63-76	beethoven	Drosophila melanogaster	78-81