PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	compound_name	comp_offset	prot_official_name	organism	prot_offset
2480236-5	1989	To probe the ermC transcript in vivo during induction, ermC was transferred to B. subtilis by transformation and the resultant transformants were treated with dimethyl sulfate which reacts with N-1 of adenine and N-3 of cytosine residues in a manner that is sensitive to secondary structure.	Adenine	201-208	ErmC	Staphylococcus aureus	13-17
2572061-5	1989	The DNA polymorphic site is caused by a single guanine to adenine transition within exon 8 of the LDL receptor gene and can be used in the determination of haplotype-associated defects.	Adenine	58-65	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	98-110
2605236-4	1989	By primer extension, hepatic lipase mRNA initiates at an adenine 77 bases upstream of the translation initiation site.	Adenine	57-64	lipase C, hepatic type	Homo sapiens	21-35
2554058-2	1989	Recent evidence suggests that the adenine compounds ATP, adenosine-5"-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (ATP gamma S), and adenosine have important regulatory effects on O2- responses of human neutrophils stimulated with the chemotactic peptide N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP).	Adenine	34-41	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	256-260
2554058-3	1989	Because of evidence that receptors on neutrophils may be modified by granule fusion events, we assessed the extent to which these adenine compounds affect fMLP and CR3 (C3bi) receptors on neutrophils and whether cytoplasmic granules are required for the ability of the adenine compounds to modify O2- responses in neutrophils stimulated with fMLP.	Adenine	130-137	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	155-159
2554058-3	1989	Because of evidence that receptors on neutrophils may be modified by granule fusion events, we assessed the extent to which these adenine compounds affect fMLP and CR3 (C3bi) receptors on neutrophils and whether cytoplasmic granules are required for the ability of the adenine compounds to modify O2- responses in neutrophils stimulated with fMLP.	Adenine	130-137	teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1 pseudogene 3	Homo sapiens	164-167
2554058-6	1989	The ability of the adenine compounds to modify O2- responses in fMLP-stimulated cells was equivalent in both neutrophils and cytoplasts, suggesting that the regulatory effect of ATP, ATP gamma S, and adenosine do not require the presence of cytoplasmic granules.	Adenine	19-26	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	64-68
2479482-4	1989	In addition, the antisense transcript causes modification of the mRNA encoding bFGF during maturation of the oocyte, converting half of the adenine residues to inosine in the region of overlap between the sense and antisense transcripts.	Adenine	140-147	fibroblast growth factor 2 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	79-83
2792380-1	1989	The efflux of [3H]purines from cultured sympathetic neurons prelabelled with [3H]adenine is accelerated 2-3-fold within hours of nerve growth factor (NGF) withdrawal and is reduced by readdition of NGF.	Adenine	77-88	nerve growth factor	Homo sapiens	129-148
2613237-2	1989	A mutation of thymine to adenine in the prealbumin (transthyretin) gene at the position corresponding to the second base of codon 58 in the prealbumin mRNA gives a histidine for leucine substitution in the plasma protein.	Adenine	25-32	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	52-65
2792380-1	1989	The efflux of [3H]purines from cultured sympathetic neurons prelabelled with [3H]adenine is accelerated 2-3-fold within hours of nerve growth factor (NGF) withdrawal and is reduced by readdition of NGF.	Adenine	77-88	nerve growth factor	Homo sapiens	150-153
2792380-1	1989	The efflux of [3H]purines from cultured sympathetic neurons prelabelled with [3H]adenine is accelerated 2-3-fold within hours of nerve growth factor (NGF) withdrawal and is reduced by readdition of NGF.	Adenine	77-88	nerve growth factor	Homo sapiens	198-201
2673038-8	1989	The NADH-BDH had higher activity with longer chained aldehydes and was inhibited by metabolites containing an adenine moiety.	Adenine	110-117	bdhA	Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824	4-12
2753886-4	1989	In particular, the P-05" and the C5"-C4" bonds of the middle adenine (A5) residue exhibit a distorted trans-trans conformation in the tetragonal form, while they adopt the standard gauche-, gauche+ conformation in the hexagonal form.	Adenine	61-68	H3 histone pseudogene 4	Homo sapiens	19-23
2528453-2	1989	These ATP analogues can be classified into two conformations, i.e. syn and anti forms with respect to the N-glycosidic bond between adenine and ribose groups of ATP.	Adenine	132-139	synemin	Homo sapiens	67-70
2471197-3	1989	We show here that the spfash mutation is a guanine to adenine transition of the last nucleotide of the fourth exon of the ornithine transcarbamylase gene.	Adenine	54-61	ornithine transcarbamylase	Homo sapiens	122-148
2722759-3	1989	These C. tropicalis red adenine auxotrophs were shown to fall into two complementation groups by crossing them with a known C. albicans ade1 tester strain.	Adenine	24-31	phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	136-140
2550403-3	1989	Synthetic salmon calcitonin stimulated the conversion of [3H]adenine to [3H]cyclic AMP in TM3 cells.	Adenine	57-68	tropomyosin 1, alpha	Mus musculus	90-93
2547479-4	1989	Salbutamol (1 microM), forskolin (1 microM) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, 1 microM) inhibited the inositol phosphate response to 0.1 mM histamine and increased the accumulation of [3H]-cyclic AMP in [3H]-adenine-labelled slices of bovine tracheal smooth muscle.	Adenine	214-221	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Bos taurus	79-82
2785825-2	1989	It entails prior adenine production from deoxyadenosine (or adenosine) in a reaction involving S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase.	Adenine	17-24	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	95-127
2663640-2	1989	The influence of rad2 mutation blocking incision of pyrimidine dimers on frequency of UV-light and 6-hydroxylaminopurine (6-GAP)-induced adenine-independent revertants was studied in the strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing the same mutant allele of gene ADE2 in episomic plasmid and in chromosome.	Adenine	137-144	ssDNA endodeoxyribonuclease RAD2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	17-21
2498637-7	1989	The data suggest a strict requirement for an intact adenine moiety and a beta-glycosidic linkage for the ribosyl moiety.	Adenine	52-59	dacapo	Drosophila melanogaster	5-6
2498637-7	1989	The data suggest a strict requirement for an intact adenine moiety and a beta-glycosidic linkage for the ribosyl moiety.	Adenine	52-59	dacapo	Drosophila melanogaster	7-8
2717623-0	1989	Elevated glutathione reductase activity coefficients in erythrocytes after treatment in vitro with inosine and adenine.	Adenine	111-118	glutathione-disulfide reductase	Homo sapiens	9-30
2717623-1	1989	Normal erythrocytes incubated with inosine and adenine in an acid citrate/dextrose medium underwent a marked, but reversible, loss of glutathione reductase activity reflected by erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficients in the range 3.21 +/- 0.39.	Adenine	47-54	glutathione-disulfide reductase	Homo sapiens	134-155
2717623-1	1989	Normal erythrocytes incubated with inosine and adenine in an acid citrate/dextrose medium underwent a marked, but reversible, loss of glutathione reductase activity reflected by erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficients in the range 3.21 +/- 0.39.	Adenine	47-54	glutathione-disulfide reductase	Homo sapiens	190-211
2726457-3	1989	The recent solutions of single crystal DNA dodecamer structures with segments of oligo-A.oligo-T have revealed the presence of a high propeller twist in the AT regions which is stabilized by the formation of bifurcated (three-center) hydrogen bonds on the floor of the major groove, involving the N6 amino group of adenine hydrogen bonding to two O4 atoms of adjacent thymine residues on the opposite strand.	Adenine	315-322	Dopamine transporter	Drosophila melanogaster	157-159
2916162-1	1989	We isolated three adenine auxotrophic mutants (Ade1, Ade2 and Ade3) of mouse FM3A cells deficient in 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotide transformylase (EC 2.1.2.3) activity.	Adenine	18-25	phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase and phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase	Homo sapiens	53-57
2483030-3	1989	All homozygotes of Japanese type APRT deficiency from 4 unrelated families show the equally decreased adenine PRPP availability and it supports the presumption of the presence of the similar defect of APRT in all families.	Adenine	102-109	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	33-37
2483030-5	1989	The adenine PRPP availability of the heterozygote of complete APRT deficiency was diagnostically different from that of the homozygotes of Japanese type APRT deficiency, despite, these two conditions showed almost the same erythrocyte APRT activity.	Adenine	4-11	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	62-66
2844232-6	1988	This revealed that all ligands except NADPH and NADH, which were fully bound, showed differential binding between the adenine end and the nicotinamide end of the molecule: The adenine end always bound with a higher occupancy than the nicotinamide end.	Adenine	176-183	2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1	Homo sapiens	38-43
3072477-9	1988	The behavior of adenine auxotrophs bearing additional mutations in purine salvage pathway genes (ade apt1, ade aah1 apt1, ade hpt1) supports a model in which secretion of degradation products, uptake, and reutilization of these products is a signal between cells synchronizing the sporulation process.	Adenine	16-23	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase APT1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	101-105
3072477-9	1988	The behavior of adenine auxotrophs bearing additional mutations in purine salvage pathway genes (ade apt1, ade aah1 apt1, ade hpt1) supports a model in which secretion of degradation products, uptake, and reutilization of these products is a signal between cells synchronizing the sporulation process.	Adenine	16-23	adenine deaminase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	111-120
3072477-9	1988	The behavior of adenine auxotrophs bearing additional mutations in purine salvage pathway genes (ade apt1, ade aah1 apt1, ade hpt1) supports a model in which secretion of degradation products, uptake, and reutilization of these products is a signal between cells synchronizing the sporulation process.	Adenine	16-23	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	126-130
3179438-0	1988	Antithrombin-III-Hamilton: a gene with a point mutation (guanine to adenine) in codon 382 causing impaired serine protease reactivity.	Adenine	68-75	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	0-16
3179438-0	1988	Antithrombin-III-Hamilton: a gene with a point mutation (guanine to adenine) in codon 382 causing impaired serine protease reactivity.	Adenine	68-75	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	107-122
2843670-5	1988	Furthermore, a cluster of adenine residues positioned at the overlapping region between the gag and pro genes was shown to be involved in the ribosomal frameshifting event for the synthesis of protease.	Adenine	26-33	Pr55	Human T-cell leukemia virus type I	92-95
2844232-6	1988	This revealed that all ligands except NADPH and NADH, which were fully bound, showed differential binding between the adenine end and the nicotinamide end of the molecule: The adenine end always bound with a higher occupancy than the nicotinamide end.	Adenine	118-125	2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1	Homo sapiens	38-43
2468561-2	1988	(ii) Five mutations affect pIN activity, and establish that pIN is the only IS10 promoter transcribing the tnp gene, and the only such IS10 promoter that responds to DNA-adenine methylation.	Adenine	170-177	dynein light chain LC8-type 1	Homo sapiens	60-63
3207698-1	1988	Cleavage of the C-Co bond of sterically hindered alkylcobalamins bearing neither an adenine moiety nor functional groups, such as isobutylcobalamin, neopentylcobalamin, and cyclohexylcobalamin, was markedly accelerated by their interaction with apoprotein of diol dehydrase, although these cobalamins do not function as coenzyme.	Adenine	84-91	ryanodine receptor 1	Homo sapiens	16-20
2844263-4	1988	Since the 2"(3")-O-aminoacyl oligonucleotides mimic the effect of the aa-tRNA 3"-terminus on EF-Tu.GTPase, it follows that EF-Tu probably directly recognizes structure of nucleobases in the aa-tRNA 3"-terminus, with the 3"-terminal adenine playing the most important role.	Adenine	232-239	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1	Homo sapiens	123-128
2451809-2	1988	Diethyl-pyrocarbonate shows an enhanced reaction with adenines in the presence of the antibiotic in the sequences GTA greater than GCA greater than GAA, on the 3" side of the drug cutting site (GPy).	Adenine	54-62	alpha glucosidase	Homo sapiens	148-151
3346868-0	1988	9-(trans-2",trans-3"-dihydroxycyclopent-4"-enyl) derivatives of adenine and 3-deazaadenine: potent inhibitors of bovine liver S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase.	Adenine	64-71	adenosylhomocysteinase	Bos taurus	126-158
3226917-2	1988	Temperature dependence of monomer-like emission and excimer emission shows that the melting behavior of ApA can be analyzed by a simple two-state model whereas that of polyA exhibits the influence of neighboring adenine molecules which can interact in the excited state.	Adenine	212-219	glutamyl aminopeptidase	Homo sapiens	104-107
2828046-6	1988	It is suggested that in the [H2(ATP)]4-(2) dimer intermolecular ion pairs (and hydrogen bonds) are formed between the H+(N-1) site of one H2(ATP)2- and the gamma-P(OH)(O)-2 group of the other; in this way (a) the stack is further stabilized, and (b) the positive charges at the adenine residues are compensated (otherwise repulsion would occur as is evident from the adenosine systems).	Adenine	278-285	relaxin 2	Homo sapiens	138-146
2826882-28	1988	These data demonstrate a direct relationship between effects of adenine compounds on FMLP induced changes in cytosolic Ca++ and the associated O2-.	Adenine	64-71	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	85-89
3479798-6	1987	These base pairs have a high positive propeller twist so that in the major groove the adenine amino group is located intermediate between the carbonyl O-4 groups of two adjacent thymines of the opposite strand, making bifurcated hydrogen bonds to the two thymine residues.	Adenine	86-93	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-37 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	151-154
3119605-7	1987	Inhibition of growth of Raji cells by DFMTA was partially reversed by exogenous adenine, a reaction product of MTA Pase.	Adenine	80-87	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	111-119
2825199-3	1987	Nucleotide analysis of the patient"s aldolase A cDNA showed a substitution of a single nucleotide (adenine to guanine) at position 386 in a coding region.	Adenine	99-106	Aldolase 1	Drosophila melanogaster	37-45
3119605-8	1987	These results suggest that the utilization of adenine formed from MTA was important for proliferation of cells containing MTA Pase under the culture conditions employed, and that DFMTA inhibited cell growth by inhibiting MTA Pase activity.	Adenine	46-53	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	122-130
3119605-2	1987	This nucleoside is cleaved by methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTA Pase) to adenine and 5-methylthioribose-I-phosphate in mammalian cells.	Adenine	78-85	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	30-63
3622513-12	1987	The important difference between gamma 1 and gamma 2 is an exchange at position 271 from Arg to Gln which can give a hydrogen bond from Gln in gamma 2 to the adenine of NAD.	Adenine	158-165	tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	45-52
3119605-2	1987	This nucleoside is cleaved by methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTA Pase) to adenine and 5-methylthioribose-I-phosphate in mammalian cells.	Adenine	78-85	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	65-73
2826290-0	1987	["Illegal" transformation of red adenine-dependent mutants of the yeast Pichia pinus by the pYE(ADE2)2 plasmid].	Adenine	33-40	phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase ADE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	96-100
2826290-1	1987	The red adenine-dependent mutants ade1 of the yeast Pichia pinus blocked in the VI step of adenine biosynthesis (lack of AIR-carboxylase) and ade2 mutants blocked in the VII step of adenine biosynthesis (lack of SAIKAR-synthase) were transformed with the plasmid pYE(ADE2)2 containing ADE2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encoding AIR-carboxylase.	Adenine	8-15	phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	34-38
2826290-1	1987	The red adenine-dependent mutants ade1 of the yeast Pichia pinus blocked in the VI step of adenine biosynthesis (lack of AIR-carboxylase) and ade2 mutants blocked in the VII step of adenine biosynthesis (lack of SAIKAR-synthase) were transformed with the plasmid pYE(ADE2)2 containing ADE2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encoding AIR-carboxylase.	Adenine	8-15	phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase ADE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	267-271
2826290-1	1987	The red adenine-dependent mutants ade1 of the yeast Pichia pinus blocked in the VI step of adenine biosynthesis (lack of AIR-carboxylase) and ade2 mutants blocked in the VII step of adenine biosynthesis (lack of SAIKAR-synthase) were transformed with the plasmid pYE(ADE2)2 containing ADE2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encoding AIR-carboxylase.	Adenine	8-15	phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase ADE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	285-289
2826290-2	1987	The appearance of white Ade+ clones with the frequency 2-7.10(-8) (which is ten-fold higher than reversion frequency) was only observed in the case of ade2 transformation.	Adenine	24-27	phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase ADE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	151-155
3477454-5	1987	When the first strand is methylated on adenine in the GATC or CATG sequence the NOESY spectra indicate little or no change in the conformation.	Adenine	39-46	cathepsin G	Homo sapiens	62-66
3319773-4	1987	Him mutations do not render haploid cells more sensitive to the lethal action of UV-light; however, in him strains adenine-dependent mutations (ade1, ade2) were induced more frequently (1.5--2-fold), as compared to the HIM strain.	Adenine	115-122	phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	144-148
3319773-4	1987	Him mutations do not render haploid cells more sensitive to the lethal action of UV-light; however, in him strains adenine-dependent mutations (ade1, ade2) were induced more frequently (1.5--2-fold), as compared to the HIM strain.	Adenine	115-122	phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase ADE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	150-154
3622513-12	1987	The important difference between gamma 1 and gamma 2 is an exchange at position 271 from Arg to Gln which can give a hydrogen bond from Gln in gamma 2 to the adenine of NAD.	Adenine	158-165	tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	143-150
3122237-0	1987	Response of the wild type and low xanthine dehydrogenase strains of Drosophila melanogaster to adenine resistance selection.	Adenine	95-102	Molybdenum cofactor synthesis 1	Drosophila melanogaster	30-56
2445224-2	1987	The 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP)-dependent formation of AMP from adenine is followed spectrophotometrically at 265 nm by coupling it with the following two-stage enzymatic conversion: AMP + H2O----adenosine + Pi (5"-nucleotidase); adenosine + H2O----inosine + NH3 (adenosine deaminase).	Adenine	76-83	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	224-239
2445224-4	1987	The basis of the spectrophotometric assay is the absorbance change at 265 nm associated with the enzymatic conversion of PRPP into inosine, catalyzed by the sequential action of partially purified adenine phosphoribosyltransferase, commercial 5"-nucleotidase, and commercial adenosine deaminase, in the presence of excess adenine.	Adenine	197-204	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	243-258
3122237-2	1987	Although adenine was toxic to both strains, it was less toxic to the LXD strain.	Adenine	9-16	Molybdenum cofactor synthesis 1	Drosophila melanogaster	69-72
3109431-2	1987	5"-Deoxy-5"-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAPase) phosphorolyzes 5"-deoxy-5"-methylthioadenosine (MTA) generated during polyamine biosynthesis to adenine and 5-methylthioribose-1-phosphate.	Adenine	152-159	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	0-45
3109431-2	1987	5"-Deoxy-5"-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAPase) phosphorolyzes 5"-deoxy-5"-methylthioadenosine (MTA) generated during polyamine biosynthesis to adenine and 5-methylthioribose-1-phosphate.	Adenine	152-159	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	47-54
3610146-5	1987	Resistance to this adenine analogue is a characteristic of cells having defects in both of the APRT alleles in individual cells.	Adenine	19-26	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	95-99
3031618-3	1987	The decadeoxynucleotide containing 3-deazaadenine in place of adenine was bound to Bgl II strongly, whereas the nucleotides containing hypoxanthine and N2-methylguanine were bound less tightly.	Adenine	42-49	LPS responsive beige-like anchor protein	Homo sapiens	83-86
2884218-5	1987	The inactivation of ATPase activity by 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (Nbd-Cl, an adenine analog) was protected by MgATP or MgADP, and showed kinetic properties consistent with active site-directed inhibition.	Adenine	91-98	ATPase	Escherichia coli	20-26
2884049-14	1987	Adenine, an inhibitor of 5"-MTA-phosphorylase, enhanced inhibition of DNA synthesis and ODC activity by SAM and 5"-MTA.	Adenine	0-7	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	88-91
3556320-1	1987	As shown in the haploid yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the strain 769-p192-15B-n4 (a ade2-192 lys5-3), the rates of reversion to adenine prototrophy are 0.36 X 10(-8), 1.7 X 10(-8) and 2.7 X 10(-8), when the medium contains 100, 10 and 1 mg/l adenine, respectively.	Adenine	130-137	phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase ADE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	86-90
3493975-5	1987	It was therefore given, by transduction and mutation, a transposon-generated, nonreverting (rate, less than 3 X 10(-11) per bacterium per generation) mutation at purA, causing a requirement for adenine; such a mutation in a wild-type strain caused about the same loss of virulence as the pab mutation.	Adenine	194-201	purine rich element binding protein A	Mus musculus	162-166
3103662-3	1987	Patients were thus hypercapnic, which contrasts with the normocapnia achieved using an FGF of 100 ml kg-1 min-1 via the ADE system (E mode) (PaCO2 5.07 +/- 0.7 kPa; PE" CO2 4.83 +/- 0.46 kPa) (mean values +/- SD).	Adenine	120-123	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	106-111
3102858-1	1987	We compared the flow rates of whole blood and erythrocytes resuspended in a new preservative solution (AS-1, consisting of adenine, dextrose, mannitol, and saline) which results in an erythrocyte preparation with a hematocrit lower than that of packed erythrocytes.	Adenine	123-130	prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens	103-107
3824015-3	1987	Blood collected in Adenine-Saline (AS-1) preservatives allows up to 42 days of storage in liquid state after donation.	Adenine	19-26	prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens	35-39
3822822-1	1987	A new type of dimeric adenine photoproduct has been isolated from d(ApA) irradiated at 254 nm in neutral aqueous solution.	Adenine	22-29	glutamyl aminopeptidase	Homo sapiens	68-71
3822822-7	1987	Results from high resolution mass spectrometry and 1H NMR indicate that the new photoproduct comprises a mixture of two stereoisomers whose formation involves covalent coupling of the adenine bases in d(ApA) and concomitant incorporation of the elements of one molecule of water.	Adenine	184-191	glutamyl aminopeptidase	Homo sapiens	203-206
3806625-3	1987	Adenine derivative 2a is a substrate for adenosine deaminase whereas both 2a and 2b exhibit 50% inhibition of the growth of murine leukemia L 1210 cell culture at 1 mM concentration.	Adenine	0-7	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	41-60
3098299-8	1987	Adenine in the assay medium inhibited de novo purine synthesis in MTAP+ and MTAP- cells to a similar degree.	Adenine	0-7	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	66-70
3098299-8	1987	Adenine in the assay medium inhibited de novo purine synthesis in MTAP+ and MTAP- cells to a similar degree.	Adenine	0-7	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	76-80
3098299-11	1987	These results suggest that purine synthesis in MTAP+ cells is inhibited by adenine formed from the phosphorolytic cleavage of methylthioadenosine by methylthioadenosine phosphorylase.	Adenine	75-82	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	47-51
3098299-11	1987	These results suggest that purine synthesis in MTAP+ cells is inhibited by adenine formed from the phosphorolytic cleavage of methylthioadenosine by methylthioadenosine phosphorylase.	Adenine	75-82	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	149-182
3556320-4	1987	It is assumed that excess adenine (100 mg/l) suppresses the activity of the genes controlling its synthesis, including the mutant ade2 gene.	Adenine	26-33	phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase ADE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	130-134
3449140-2	1987	Further blood perfusion through SKN-D hemosorbent allowed to reduce the following adenine level to zero; riboxine by 90; citrate and lactate by 50%.	Adenine	82-89	hedgehog acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	32-35
3543662-1	1986	Red adenine-dependent mutants of Hansenula polymorpha, Pichia guilliermondii, Williopsis saturnus yeasts have been transformed by the plasmid pYE (ADE2) 2 DNA containing ADE2 gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.	Adenine	4-11	phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase ADE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	170-174
3790720-4	1987	An adenine to guanine transition in the first nucleotide of exon d causes the substitution of a glycine codon (GGT) for the normal aspartic acid codon (GAT).	Adenine	3-10	glycine-N-acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	152-155
2882901-3	1987	The Ca2+ release was enhanced by caffeine and adenine, and suppressed by Mg2+ and procaine.	Adenine	46-53	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: carbonic anhydrase 2	Cavia porcellus	4-7
3099286-5	1986	Deletion of the IgH octamer, or point mutation of adenine to guanine at position 6, resulted in the loss of correctly initiated IgH mRNA.	Adenine	50-57	immunoglobulin heavy chain complex	Mus musculus	128-131
3539181-3	1986	Quantitative analysis of the cross-linking inhibition studies using a variety of nucleotide cofactors as competitors has shown that the binding affinity of adenine-containing nucleotides for recA protein decreases in the following order: ATP-gamma-S greater than dATP greater than ATP greater than adenylyl beta,gamma-imidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP) much greater than adenylyl beta,gamma-methylenediphosphate (AMP-PCP) approximately adenine.	Adenine	156-163	RAD51 recombinase	Homo sapiens	191-195
3539181-3	1986	Quantitative analysis of the cross-linking inhibition studies using a variety of nucleotide cofactors as competitors has shown that the binding affinity of adenine-containing nucleotides for recA protein decreases in the following order: ATP-gamma-S greater than dATP greater than ATP greater than adenylyl beta,gamma-imidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP) much greater than adenylyl beta,gamma-methylenediphosphate (AMP-PCP) approximately adenine.	Adenine	428-435	RAD51 recombinase	Homo sapiens	191-195
3756892-5	1986	An antibody to rabbit reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-cytochrome P-450 reductase inhibited reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-cytochrome c reduction as much as 70% in microsomal preparations of the isolated human pulmonary cells, although this same antibody barely reacted with microsomes of the human cells in a Western blot assay.	Adenine	43-50	NADPH--cytochrome P450 reductase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	74-100
3756892-5	1986	An antibody to rabbit reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-cytochrome P-450 reductase inhibited reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-cytochrome c reduction as much as 70% in microsomal preparations of the isolated human pulmonary cells, although this same antibody barely reacted with microsomes of the human cells in a Western blot assay.	Adenine	43-50	cytochrome c	Oryctolagus cuniculus	163-175
3271438-4	1986	There are two hydrogen bonds formed between the mismatch bases, N-1 and O-6 of guanine with N-7 and N-6 of adenine respectively.	Adenine	107-114	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-35 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	64-75
3015217-9	1986	The steady-state models are consistent with cyclical interconversion of high- and low-affinity substrate sites accompanying E1/E2 transitions, with distortion to low-affinity sites altering not only affinity and route of access but also separating the adenine- and phosphate-binding regions, the latter serving in the E2 conformation as the active site for the phosphatase reaction.	Adenine	252-259	small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 73A	Homo sapiens	124-129
2430885-5	1986	Majority of the Aox-red specific antibodies were cross-reactive with Morph-Ade, but they did not cross-react at all with adenosine(A) or deoxyadenosine (dA).	Adenine	75-78	acyl-CoA oxidase 1	Rattus norvegicus	16-19
3741842-5	1986	These data may be utilized as an aid in the elucidation of the nature of hydrogen bonding between mismatched base pairs in DNA oligomers containing cytosine or adenine residues.	Adenine	160-167	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	33-36
2883718-9	1987	SAM inhibition of ODC activity occurred in vitro only after preincubation with liver homogenate and was enhanced by adenine, an inhibitor of methylthioadenosine (MTA) phosphorylase.	Adenine	116-123	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-21
3543662-1	1986	Red adenine-dependent mutants of Hansenula polymorpha, Pichia guilliermondii, Williopsis saturnus yeasts have been transformed by the plasmid pYE (ADE2) 2 DNA containing ADE2 gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.	Adenine	4-11	phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase ADE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	147-151
3783283-11	1986	These putative revertants were capable of adenine salvage and were therefore termed APRT pseudorevertants.	Adenine	42-49	adenine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	84-88
3942743-5	1986	In contrast, adenine transport in S49 and AE1 cells was comparable to that in other types of cells.	Adenine	13-20	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	42-45
3097503-5	1986	This unique sequence, interspersed with one or two adenines, which also functions in an orientation-dependent manner, is located 192 nucleotides downstream from the gastrin gene polyadenylation site, and serves as a transcriptional termination signal.	Adenine	51-59	gastrin	Homo sapiens	165-172
3484740-7	1986	Adenine transport was also diminished in AE1 and FURD-80-3-6 cells, but not to sufficiently low levels to interfere with their ability to salvage adenine to overcome azaserine toxicity.	Adenine	0-7	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	41-44
3529869-9	1986	Because APRT activity was 20 fold higher than AdK with similar Km values for substrates, it appeared that adenine (A) is preferred to adenosine for AMP regeneration in the dog"s myocardium.	Adenine	106-113	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Canis lupus familiaris	8-12
3766243-5	1986	Partially and totally APRTase-deficient cells exhibited intermediate and complete resistance to cytotoxic adenine analogs, respectively.	Adenine	106-113	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Leishmania donovani	22-29
3833854-0	1985	Inhibition by adenine of in vitro immunological functions of normal and adenine phosphoribosyltransferase-deficient human lymphocytes.	Adenine	14-21	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	72-105
3544165-3	1986	When reversal of ethionine intoxication was initiated with adenine it simultaneously restored blood glucose, insulin, glucagon, and protein synthesis.	Adenine	59-66	insulin	Homo sapiens	109-116
4042123-8	1985	The results suggest that 8-azaguanine and adenine enhance myocardial reactive hyperaemia possibly by inhibiting adenosine deaminase to degradate myocardial interstitial adenosine to inosine.	Adenine	42-49	adenosine deaminase	Canis lupus familiaris	112-131
3905508-1	1985	The frequency of reversion from adenine auxotrophy in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae increases with the decrease of adenine concentration in the medium: for the 8PG-59 strain (a ade2-192 rad2) the reversion frequency is 1.7 X 10(-8), 3.2 X 10(-6) and 1.8 X 10(-5) per cell division, the initial adenine concentrations being 10, 1 and 0.1 mg/l, respectively.	Adenine	32-39	ssDNA endodeoxyribonuclease RAD2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	191-195
3905508-1	1985	The frequency of reversion from adenine auxotrophy in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae increases with the decrease of adenine concentration in the medium: for the 8PG-59 strain (a ade2-192 rad2) the reversion frequency is 1.7 X 10(-8), 3.2 X 10(-6) and 1.8 X 10(-5) per cell division, the initial adenine concentrations being 10, 1 and 0.1 mg/l, respectively.	Adenine	120-127	ssDNA endodeoxyribonuclease RAD2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	191-195
3905508-1	1985	The frequency of reversion from adenine auxotrophy in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae increases with the decrease of adenine concentration in the medium: for the 8PG-59 strain (a ade2-192 rad2) the reversion frequency is 1.7 X 10(-8), 3.2 X 10(-6) and 1.8 X 10(-5) per cell division, the initial adenine concentrations being 10, 1 and 0.1 mg/l, respectively.	Adenine	120-127	ssDNA endodeoxyribonuclease RAD2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	191-195
3837181-0	1985	Induction of adenine salvage in mouse cell lines deficient in adenine phosphoribosyltransferase.	Adenine	13-20	adenine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	62-95
3837181-12	1985	A low level of constitutive adenine salvage was found in the parental APRT-deficient lines, and it was also possible to induce adenine salvage in these cell lines.	Adenine	28-35	adenine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	70-74
4074675-10	1985	After removal of unreacted drug, their frequency increased significantly over 6 h with a maximum occurring at about 12 h. A similar phenomenon was seen in the case of intrastrand cross-links that contained adenine, in particular when the cross-link was between the terminal bases in an ANG trinucleotide sequence (N is any nucleotide).	Adenine	206-213	angiogenin	Homo sapiens	286-289
2864915-2	1985	Two of the loci, adenosine2 and adenosine3, located at map positions 18.4 and 20, respectively, produce mutations which are supplementable with adenine, adenosine, and inosine.	Adenine	144-151	Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase	Drosophila melanogaster	17-27
2864915-2	1985	Two of the loci, adenosine2 and adenosine3, located at map positions 18.4 and 20, respectively, produce mutations which are supplementable with adenine, adenosine, and inosine.	Adenine	144-151	GART trifunctional enzyme	Drosophila melanogaster	32-42
3973603-4	1985	The enzymes responsible for adenine and adenosine salvage, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase and adenosine kinase, were purified about 1,500-fold.	Adenine	28-35	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	59-92
3916949-1	1985	Perturbation of the hydrogen bonds in the adenine ... thymine base pair by Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and NH4+ cations has been investigated by means of ab initio SCF calculations with the STO-3G basis set.	Adenine	42-49	KIT ligand	Homo sapiens	152-155
3919732-12	1985	These results indicate that MTA-Pase activity peaks in late G1 phase before the initiation of DNA synthesis, similar to the polyamine biosynthetic enzymes and might play a role in the initiation of DNA synthesis by salvage of adenine into nucleotide pools.	Adenine	226-233	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	28-36
4019786-5	1985	Therefore, we analyzed leukocyte DNA from one member of a proinsulinemic family, and we found a point mutation that changed guanine to adenine in the insulin gene.	Adenine	135-142	insulin	Homo sapiens	61-68
3973603-4	1985	The enzymes responsible for adenine and adenosine salvage, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase and adenosine kinase, were purified about 1,500-fold.	Adenine	28-35	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	97-113
2934296-1	1985	The mom gene of bacteriophage Mu encodes a DNA modification function which converts adenine to acetamido adenine in a sequence-specific manner.	Adenine	84-91	protein mom	Escherichia phage Mu	4-7
3918539-4	1985	In MTAPase-containing cells, the adenine released from the 5"-halogenated adenosine was incorporated into adenine nucleotide pools; cleavage by (MTAPase appeared to be the rate-limiting step in this process.	Adenine	33-40	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	3-10
3918539-4	1985	In MTAPase-containing cells, the adenine released from the 5"-halogenated adenosine was incorporated into adenine nucleotide pools; cleavage by (MTAPase appeared to be the rate-limiting step in this process.	Adenine	33-40	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	145-152
2986481-4	1985	The reactivity with the adenine derivatives is due to the tri- and diphosphatase activity of alkaline phosphatase (AP), coupled with adenosine deaminase (and possibly AMP deaminase) contamination of commercially available preparations of AP, purine-nucleoside phosphorylase, and/or xanthine oxidase.	Adenine	24-31	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	133-152
6096813-2	1984	The decanucleotides containing 7-deazaadenine in place of adenine were partially resistant to the hydrolysis by Sau 3AI and strongly resistant to that by Bgl II.	Adenine	38-45	LPS responsive beige-like anchor protein	Homo sapiens	154-157
2412971-11	1985	A metabolite of adenine which could contribute to its immunosuppressive activity may be 2-hydroxyadenine since it is derived from the xanthine oxidase catalysed oxidation of adenine inhibited hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase gave similar renal toxicity to adenine and was immunosuppressive.	Adenine	97-104	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	134-150
2412971-11	1985	A metabolite of adenine which could contribute to its immunosuppressive activity may be 2-hydroxyadenine since it is derived from the xanthine oxidase catalysed oxidation of adenine inhibited hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase gave similar renal toxicity to adenine and was immunosuppressive.	Adenine	97-104	hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	192-238
2412971-11	1985	A metabolite of adenine which could contribute to its immunosuppressive activity may be 2-hydroxyadenine since it is derived from the xanthine oxidase catalysed oxidation of adenine inhibited hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase gave similar renal toxicity to adenine and was immunosuppressive.	Adenine	97-104	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	134-150
2412971-11	1985	A metabolite of adenine which could contribute to its immunosuppressive activity may be 2-hydroxyadenine since it is derived from the xanthine oxidase catalysed oxidation of adenine inhibited hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase gave similar renal toxicity to adenine and was immunosuppressive.	Adenine	97-104	hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	192-238
2412971-4	1985	This result indicated that the toxic and/or immunosuppressive compound may be a xanthine oxidase catalysed product of adenine.	Adenine	118-125	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	80-96
2412971-10	1985	The in vivo effects of adenine on hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase showed that adenine could inhibit significantly this salvage pathway in spleen and liver and that this inhibition could be overcome with concomitant administration of allopurinol.	Adenine	23-30	hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	34-80
2412971-10	1985	The in vivo effects of adenine on hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase showed that adenine could inhibit significantly this salvage pathway in spleen and liver and that this inhibition could be overcome with concomitant administration of allopurinol.	Adenine	93-100	hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	34-80
2412971-11	1985	A metabolite of adenine which could contribute to its immunosuppressive activity may be 2-hydroxyadenine since it is derived from the xanthine oxidase catalysed oxidation of adenine inhibited hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase gave similar renal toxicity to adenine and was immunosuppressive.	Adenine	16-23	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	134-150
2412971-11	1985	A metabolite of adenine which could contribute to its immunosuppressive activity may be 2-hydroxyadenine since it is derived from the xanthine oxidase catalysed oxidation of adenine inhibited hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase gave similar renal toxicity to adenine and was immunosuppressive.	Adenine	16-23	hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	192-238
3158647-1	1985	To obtain information about the adenine recognition site in myosin ATPase, ribosemodified fluorescent analogs of ATP, 3"-O-anthraniloyl and 3"-O-(N-methylanthraniloyl) derivatives, were directly cross-linked to myosin subfragment-1 (S-1) ATPase by irradiation with visible light in the presence of FMN as a photosensitizer.	Adenine	32-39	formin 1	Homo sapiens	298-301
6095915-3	1984	In the present study, two derivatives of NAD, spin-labeled either at N-6 or C-8 of the adenine ring, were found to be active as coenzyme.	Adenine	87-94	homeobox C8	Homo sapiens	76-79
6498817-7	1984	All five compounds have the syn-conformational relationship between the sugar (ribose or 2"-deoxyribose) and the base (adenine), in contrast to the anti arrangement in B-DNA and in nonalkylated nucleosides.	Adenine	119-126	synemin	Homo sapiens	28-31
6092682-6	1984	Infection of Aprt- mouse or Chinese hamster ovary cells with UV-irradiated virus and selection in medium containing azaserine and adenine resulted in the survival of numerous colonies that stably express the aprt gene.	Adenine	130-137	adenine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	13-17
6084164-4	1984	The specific mechanism is theorized to be as follows: the adenine moiety of S-adenosyl-L-methionine base-pairs with thymine of a specific structural area of the alpha-fetoprotein gene.	Adenine	58-65	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	161-178
6084164-9	1984	But if the S-adenosyl-L-methionine pool concentration is lowered to a level below that required for base-pairing by the adenine moiety, then the repressed conformational condition of the alpha-fetoprotein gene is altered allowing transcription.	Adenine	120-127	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	187-204
6493983-1	1984	Photoaddition between adjacent adenine and thymine bases occurs, with a quantum yield of approximately 5 X 10(-4) mol einstein-1, when d(T-A), dT-A, d(pT-A), d(T-A-T), d(T-A-T-A) and poly(dA-dT) are irradiated, at 254 nm, in aqueous solution.	Adenine	31-38	pre T cell antigen receptor alpha	Bos taurus	151-155
6400939-6	1984	Instead, d-pTpA molecules form an open chain structure in which adenine-thymine residues hydrogenbond together with the reversed Hoogsteen type base-pairing configuration.	Adenine	64-71	protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator	Homo sapiens	11-15
6392474-4	1984	The mutants appeared to retain some A-PRT activity in crude extracts, and strains of the genotype ade2 apt1 responded to both adenine and hypoxanthine.	Adenine	126-133	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase APT1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	103-107
6092682-6	1984	Infection of Aprt- mouse or Chinese hamster ovary cells with UV-irradiated virus and selection in medium containing azaserine and adenine resulted in the survival of numerous colonies that stably express the aprt gene.	Adenine	130-137	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Cricetulus griseus	208-212
6091745-4	1984	The serines of the core region are encoded by AGC and AGT codons exclusively and the arginines by AGA and AGG, which results in a continuous stretch of 99 codons with adenine in the first position.	Adenine	167-174	angiotensinogen	Gallus gallus	54-57
6746598-1	1984	Treatment of rats with an ethionine plus adenine or a methionine diet leads not only to a marked increase of the alpha-form isozyme of S-adenosylmethionine synthetase in liver, but also to the accumulation of comparable amounts of S-adenosylethionine and S-adenosylmethionine in liver.	Adenine	41-48	methionine adenosyltransferase 1A	Rattus norvegicus	135-166
6468383-6	1984	The absorption spectra of the stacked species are consistent with average angles of near 60 degrees and 20 degrees in ApA and dApdA, respectively, between the degenerate transition moments of the adenine moieties.	Adenine	196-203	glutamyl aminopeptidase	Homo sapiens	118-121
6462692-3	1984	Prebiotic syntheses of adenine from HCN, of D,L-ribose from adenosine, and of adenosine from adenine and D-ribose have in fact been demonstrated.	Adenine	23-30	metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1	Homo sapiens	36-39
6322115-1	1984	It is shown that 2",3"-dideoxy-3"-aminonucleoside 5"-triphosphates with adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine bases are effective inhibitors of DNA polymerase I, calf thymus DNA polymerase alpha and rat liver DNA polymerase beta.	Adenine	72-79	DNA polymerase beta	Rattus norvegicus	210-229
6363599-2	1984	Xanthine plus xanthine oxidase reversibly stimulated these three parameters of endothelial cell function at doses that were not cytotoxic, as measured by chromium release, adenine uptake, and vital dye exclusion.	Adenine	172-179	xanthine dehydrogenase	Sus scrofa	14-30
6661418-7	1983	These interactions are used both to make assignments of the spectra and to establish that the thymine methyl groups are in close proximity to the AH8 protons of adjacent adenine residues [Feigon, J., Wright, J. M., Leupin, W., Denny, W. A., & Kearns, D. R. (1982) J.	Adenine	170-177	serpin family B member 4	Homo sapiens	215-221
6411095-8	1983	It is postulated that the corresponding adenine analog 5"-phosphorylated nucleotides are the primary active metabolites of these MTA analogs, having been formed by the cleavage of these nucleosides to free adenine analogs by MTAPase, followed by the conversion of these base analogs to analog nucleotides by adenine phosphoribosyltransferase and the enzymes of adenine nucleotide phosphorylation.	Adenine	40-47	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	225-232
6306018-9	1983	We conclude that adenosine is converted to nucleotides in adenosine kinase-deficient cells via adenine.	Adenine	95-102	adenosine kinase	Cricetulus griseus	58-74
6411095-8	1983	It is postulated that the corresponding adenine analog 5"-phosphorylated nucleotides are the primary active metabolites of these MTA analogs, having been formed by the cleavage of these nucleosides to free adenine analogs by MTAPase, followed by the conversion of these base analogs to analog nucleotides by adenine phosphoribosyltransferase and the enzymes of adenine nucleotide phosphorylation.	Adenine	40-47	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	308-341
6289905-1	1982	Two derivatives of NAD+ spin-labeled at N6 or C-8 of the adenine ring have been shown previously to be active coenzymes of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate: NAD+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating), EC 1.2.1.12).	Adenine	57-64	homeobox C8	Homo sapiens	46-49
6832370-1	1983	We show that N-1 in adenine of chromosomal DNA is methylated by treatment of metaphase chromosomes with dimethylsulphate while this is not the case in chromatin.	Adenine	20-27	notch 1	Mus musculus	13-16
6681860-0	1983	Adenine transport and binding in cultured mammalian cells deficient in adenine phosphoribosyltransferase.	Adenine	0-7	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	71-104
6300458-2	1983	Bisulfite mutagenesis at a Bg/I restriction site in the src gene yielded three mutations which contained the same single base change, a guanine-to-adenine transition.	Adenine	147-154	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	56-59
24258080-1	1983	Cells of adenine(Ad1)- and pantothenate(Pn1)-requiring cells lines ofDatura innoxia Mill.	Adenine	9-16	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	17-20
6289905-1	1982	Two derivatives of NAD+ spin-labeled at N6 or C-8 of the adenine ring have been shown previously to be active coenzymes of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate: NAD+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating), EC 1.2.1.12).	Adenine	57-64	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	123-163
6289905-1	1982	Two derivatives of NAD+ spin-labeled at N6 or C-8 of the adenine ring have been shown previously to be active coenzymes of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate: NAD+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating), EC 1.2.1.12).	Adenine	57-64	hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 6	Homo sapiens	200-214
6215060-11	1982	The adenine-containing elimination product inhibited the mitochondrial ATPase activity at a rate greater than that observed with o-ATP.	Adenine	4-11	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	71-77
6286600-3	1982	We show that, in strain K2 and L2 virus grown on K2 cells, cytosine in the sequence GATC is methylated to 5-methylcytosine and, although strain K2 and L2 viruses grown on K2 contain N6-methyladenine in their DNA, adenine in the sequence GATC is not methylated.	Adenine	191-198	glutamyl-tRNA amidotransferase subunit C	Homo sapiens	84-88
7050673-1	1982	The Saccharomyces cerevisiae tmp3 mutant is deficient in the mitochondrial enzyme complex that participates in the formation of one-carbon-group-tetrahydrofolate coenzymes, serine transhydroxymethylase, dihydrofolate reductase, and thymidylate synthetase, thus leading to multiple nutritional requirements of dTMP, adenine, histidine, and methionine.	Adenine	315-322	glycine hydroxymethyltransferase SHM1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	29-33
6277865-2	1982	A single amp1 mutation, primarily selected on 5"-AMP medium, confers the phenotype for utilization of exogenous 5"-AMP as the adenine source.	Adenine	126-133	Apm4p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	9-13
7139043-3	1982	The low stability is taken as evidence that the predominant complex species is one in which the ApA acts as a monodentate ligand, mainly through the adenine group.	Adenine	149-156	glutamyl aminopeptidase	Homo sapiens	96-99
6281737-3	1982	PGK, like all other yeast genes has an adenine residue at position -3.	Adenine	39-46	phosphoglycerate kinase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-3
6280752-3	1982	One of the separated signals corresponds to the syn amino proton relative to the N(1) nitrogen in the adenine ring and the other to the anti one.	Adenine	102-109	synemin	Homo sapiens	48-51
6174155-3	1982	Adenine incorporation into the nucleotides proceeds via adenine-phosphoribosyl transferase, which is rate-limiting to AMP formation and subsequently the formation of ADP and ATP.	Adenine	0-7	adenine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	56-90
7144228-6	1982	Exposure of cells to dThd plus adenine compared with individual agents produced more than additive increases in dTTP and dATP pools.	Adenine	31-38	ttp	Drosophila melanogaster	112-116
6186166-9	1982	However, in the child suffering from classical Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, erythrocyte HGPRTase activity decreases following adenine ingestion.	Adenine	119-126	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	81-89
6291673-0	1982	Prebiotic adenine synthesis via HCN oligomerization in ice.	Adenine	10-17	metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1	Homo sapiens	32-35
6291673-1	1982	Adenine is produced (after hydrolysis) when 0.01 M solutions of HCN are adjusted to pH 9.2 with NH4OH and are frozen at -2 degrees C for 60-100 days.	Adenine	0-7	metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1	Homo sapiens	64-67
7090336-1	1982	A sucrose medium containing relatively great amounts of adenine and inosine (AIS-CPD) was more effective for maintaining adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid (DPG) levels of human erythrocytes for more than 35 days at 4 degrees C than control ACD-packed cells, sucrose medium (S-CPD), and sucrose medium containing a small amount of adenine.	Adenine	56-63	carboxypeptidase D	Homo sapiens	81-84
6752657-1	1982	The mutant cdc7-1 is shown here to block UV induced reversion of six different auxotrophic mutations and forward mutations at several genes concerned with adenine biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.	Adenine	155-162	serine/threonine protein kinase CDC7	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	11-15
7090336-1	1982	A sucrose medium containing relatively great amounts of adenine and inosine (AIS-CPD) was more effective for maintaining adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid (DPG) levels of human erythrocytes for more than 35 days at 4 degrees C than control ACD-packed cells, sucrose medium (S-CPD), and sucrose medium containing a small amount of adenine.	Adenine	56-63	carboxypeptidase D	Homo sapiens	302-305
7090336-1	1982	A sucrose medium containing relatively great amounts of adenine and inosine (AIS-CPD) was more effective for maintaining adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid (DPG) levels of human erythrocytes for more than 35 days at 4 degrees C than control ACD-packed cells, sucrose medium (S-CPD), and sucrose medium containing a small amount of adenine.	Adenine	356-363	carboxypeptidase D	Homo sapiens	81-84
7317453-11	1981	Although adenine has been found to be a product of the S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase only trace quantities of this compound were detectable in the tissue after perfusing the liver with high concentrations of adenosine for 90 min.	Adenine	9-16	adenosylhomocysteinase	Rattus norvegicus	55-87
6460400-1	1981	Among 15 enzymes PFK decreased most during preservation at 4 degrees C for 6-8 weeks, and this was prevented by the addition of adenine and inosine, but not by adenine or inosine only.	Adenine	128-135	ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type	Oryctolagus cuniculus	17-20
7101101-1	1982	Frequent mutation to adenine analog resistance in diploid human cells reflected heterozygosity for recessive alleles affecting expression of the adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) locus.	Adenine	21-28	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	145-178
6786734-2	1981	The major structural features are: (a) the adenine and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon residues lie nearly perpendicular to one another; (b) the conformation about the glycosidic bond is syn, rather than anti, and an internal hydrogen bond between the deoxyribose 5"-hydroxyl group and N(3) of the adenine residue is present; and (c) the more planar anthracene portion of the hydrocarbon is stacked between adenine residues of other molecules throughout the crystal.	Adenine	43-50	synemin	Homo sapiens	187-190
6165080-3	1981	In two natural RNA"s tested the most frequent ribonuclease L cleavages occur after UA, UG, and UU (A, adenine; U, uracil; and G, guanine) and much less frequent cleavages after CA and AC (C, cytosine).	Adenine	102-109	ribonuclease L	Homo sapiens	46-60
7042956-1	1981	The effects of four adenine derivatives at the same concentration (16.5 micromol/l) were studied on the insulin secretion from the isolated, perfused, newborn dog pancreas.	Adenine	20-27	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	104-111
7042956-4	1981	When these adenine derivatives were withdrawn, the insulin secretion rapidly decreased, however it remained higher than the starting value.	Adenine	11-18	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	51-58
7042956-9	1981	Thus, the four adenine derivatives may be divided into two groups in regard to their insulin secretory action: ATP and ADP on one hand, and AMP and adenosine on the other.	Adenine	15-22	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	85-92
7101101-1	1982	Frequent mutation to adenine analog resistance in diploid human cells reflected heterozygosity for recessive alleles affecting expression of the adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) locus.	Adenine	21-28	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	180-184
7264959-1	1981	9-beta-D-Arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-A) was converted to adenine in the presence of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (EC 3.3.1.1.)	Adenine	25-32	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	85-117
7264959-4	1981	In the presence of homocysteine, the rate of ara-AHcy formation was about half the rate of adenine formation.	Adenine	91-98	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	49-53
7264959-5	1981	The association of the conversion of ara-A to adenine with the inactivation process was further demonstrated by the kinetics of these processes and by the observation that in the presence of homocysteine both inactivation of the enzyme and formation of adenine were reduced by 30%, i.e. by a factor corresponding to the synthesis of ara-AHcy.	Adenine	46-53	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	337-341
7264959-5	1981	The association of the conversion of ara-A to adenine with the inactivation process was further demonstrated by the kinetics of these processes and by the observation that in the presence of homocysteine both inactivation of the enzyme and formation of adenine were reduced by 30%, i.e. by a factor corresponding to the synthesis of ara-AHcy.	Adenine	253-260	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	337-341
7021318-7	1980	An analogue of adenine, 6-N-hydroxyaminopurine, is capable of inducing reversions in wild type, as well as in pso and rad6-1 mutant strains, indicating that this drug may act as a direct mutagen in yeast.	Adenine	15-22	Rad61p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	118-124
7328672-8	1981	Similarly, binding of AF residues caused lower upfield shifts for the H-2 and H-8 protons of adenine than the AAF residues.	Adenine	93-100	relaxin 2	Homo sapiens	70-81
6771276-9	1980	Purine nucleoside phosphorylase activity is inhibited by formycin B in a competitive manner and by adenine in a mixed noncompetitive manner.	Adenine	99-106	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	0-31
7446528-4	1980	The TIC-1 variant is activated by adenine and inhibited by folic acid to the same extent as the type-A enzyme, while the stimulation of the activity of the TIC-1 enzyme by hypoxanthine and the inhibition of it by uric acid is similar to that for the B enzyme.	Adenine	34-41	SPARC (osteonectin), cwcv and kazal like domains proteoglycan 1	Homo sapiens	4-9
6449663-3	1980	Presumptive aprt+/- heterozygotes with intermediate levels of APRT activity were selected from unmutagenized CHO cell populations on the basis of resistance to low concentrations of the adenine analog, 8-azaadenine.	Adenine	186-193	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Cricetulus griseus	12-16
7410492-4	1980	The growth inhibitory effects of alanosine, or alanosine and guanine, on CHO cells are completely reverted by the addition of adenine to the culture medium, and the synergistic effect of guanine is not observed in mutants which lack the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase.	Adenine	126-133	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Cricetulus griseus	244-291
7378351-9	1980	The average adenine stacking conformations of (d-ApA)1 and (d-ApA)2 were described in numerical coordinates derived from a computer analysis which included both ring-current magnetic anisotropy and atomic diamagnetic anisotropy effects.	Adenine	12-19	dacapo	Drosophila melanogaster	4-5
6934068-1	1980	An auxotrophic mutant, GAT-, derived from the Chinese hamster cell line CHO-K1 and exhibiting multiple growth requirements for glycine, adenine, and thymidine, has been shown to be deficient in one of the folate-dependent enzymes, folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS).	Adenine	136-143	glycine-N-acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	23-26
11219842-3	1980	Similarly, binding of AF residues caused lower up-field shifts for the H-2 and H-8 protons of adenine than the AAF residues.	Adenine	94-101	relaxin 2	Homo sapiens	71-82
438320-8	1979	GPI-deficient erythrocytes incubated with glucose  in the medium showed an accentuation of membrane protein aggregate formation; however, this was almost completely reversed by the addition of adenine and inosine to the incubation medium or by the use of fructose, the intermediate just distal to the "block" in glycolysis, as the sole substrate.	Adenine	193-200	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	0-3
6250824-2	1980	Alkylation at the N-1 position of the adenine moiety of NAD+, ADP or ATP with 2,3-epoxypropyl acrylate, followed by polymerization with or without acrylamide at pH 8, gave water-soluble polymers of NAD+ and ADP where the alkyl chain was located at the exocyclic adenine C-6 amino group.	Adenine	38-45	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: complement component C6	Oryctolagus cuniculus	270-273
228755-5	1979	The NMR-DESERT (Deuterium Substitution Effect on Relaxation Times) method has been utilized for the determination of the syn-anti conformational equilibrium in the monomeric state and for the determination of the mutual orientation of the two adenine rings in the dimeric state of cyclic AMP.	Adenine	243-250	synemin	Homo sapiens	121-124
444479-5	1979	The presence of the potent adenosine deaminase inhibitor coformycin leads to a pronounced inhibition of oxypurine formation, an increase in nucleotide formation, and a slight accumulation of the primary metabolic products adenosine and adenine.	Adenine	236-243	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	27-46
88735-3	1979	At the position corresponding to amino acid 17, replacement of an adenine by a uracil changes the triplet AAG, which codes for lysine in the normal beta chain, to an amber termination codon, UAG.	Adenine	66-73	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	106-109
420519-1	1979	We report a third case of 2, 8-dihydroxyadenine stones in a child with a complete lack of the adenine salvage enzyme--adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT).	Adenine	40-47	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	110-151
219948-2	1979	The phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 was examined in vivo during ethionine intoxication and during the adenine-induced reversal of ethionine intoxication.	Adenine	110-117	ribosomal protein S6	Rattus norvegicus	23-43
218566-0	1979	The interaction of adenine with its binding site in rabbit muscle glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase studied by fluorescence decay.	Adenine	19-26	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	66-106
420519-1	1979	We report a third case of 2, 8-dihydroxyadenine stones in a child with a complete lack of the adenine salvage enzyme--adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT).	Adenine	40-47	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	153-157
437792-1	1979	The uptake of adenine and hypoxanthine in HGPRT-deficient and normal human erythrocytes was measured using a rapid filtering centrifugation technique.	Adenine	14-21	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	42-47
216978-0	1978	The effect of drugs stimulating central dopaminergic system on transformation of exogenous adenine into c-AMP.	Adenine	91-98	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	104-109
743195-4	1978	Furthermore, using either artificially depressed phosphoribosylpyrophosphate pool size and APRT activities or the mutants with decreased APRT activity, we found that adenine transport was independent of phosphorylation by APRT.	Adenine	166-173	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Cricetulus griseus	91-95
743195-4	1978	Furthermore, using either artificially depressed phosphoribosylpyrophosphate pool size and APRT activities or the mutants with decreased APRT activity, we found that adenine transport was independent of phosphorylation by APRT.	Adenine	166-173	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Cricetulus griseus	137-141
743195-4	1978	Furthermore, using either artificially depressed phosphoribosylpyrophosphate pool size and APRT activities or the mutants with decreased APRT activity, we found that adenine transport was independent of phosphorylation by APRT.	Adenine	166-173	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Cricetulus griseus	137-141
743195-5	1978	These studies suggest that adenine is transported as the free base by facilitated diffusion and is subsequently phosphorylated by APRT.	Adenine	27-34	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Cricetulus griseus	130-134
743195-0	1978	Role of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase in adenine uptake in wild-type and APRT- mutants of CHO.	Adenine	8-15	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Cricetulus griseus	77-81
31949-2	1978	Equilibrium uv melting curves confirmed that the adenine bases in rApA are stacked at pH7 but unstacked at pH 1.5.	Adenine	49-56	glutamyl aminopeptidase	Rattus norvegicus	66-70
689031-7	1978	NAD+ immobilized on agarose through the C-8 of the adenine ring is a superior substrate compared with NAD+ linked to agarose via its periodate-oxidized ribose moieties.	Adenine	51-58	homeobox C8	Homo sapiens	40-43
216978-4	1978	After application of APM, ADM or DMAD, the utilization of ATP formed from 14C/U/adenine for synthesis of c-AMP was lower than after DA.	Adenine	80-87	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	105-110
415762-2	1978	An enzyme (5"-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase) that catalyzes the phosphorolytic cleavage of 5"-methylthioadenosine to 5-methylthioadenosine to 5-methylthioribose-1-phosphate and adenine was found in various rat tissues.	Adenine	181-188	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Rattus norvegicus	11-47
664002-0	1978	Blood preservation XXVI, CPD-adenine packed cells: benefits of increasing the glucose.	Adenine	29-36	carboxypeptidase D	Homo sapiens	25-28
664002-7	1978	Therefore, it appears from this study that the glucose concentration in CPD-adenine for hard-packed cells should be at least 175 per cent of that in regularly formulated CPD.	Adenine	76-83	carboxypeptidase D	Homo sapiens	72-75
694720-4	1978	The APRT in the 8-azaadinine-resistant cells exhibited a four- to sevenfold increase in the apparent Km for adenine.	Adenine	108-115	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	4-8
878000-6	1977	Conversion of adenine to adenine nucleotide, probably by initial reaction with phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate and adenine-phosphoribosyltransferase, was at widely different rates in the organs with duodenum, kidney, liver, and lung high and heart, red blood cell, skeletal muscle and brain relatively low.	Adenine	14-21	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	112-145
622085-0	1978	Comparative effects of adenine analogs upon metabolic cooperation between Chinese hamster cells with different levels of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase activity.	Adenine	23-30	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Cricetulus griseus	121-154
562185-1	1977	Adenosine deaminase from calf intestine hydrolyzes adenine at a limiting rate four orders of magnitude lower than that for adenosine, while Km values for these substrates are about the same (Wolfenden, R., et al.	Adenine	51-58	adenosine deaminase	Bos taurus	0-19
888970-3	1977	Adenosine and adenine also appeared in the medium when adenosine deaminase was inhibited.	Adenine	14-21	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	55-74
626750-1	1978	The radiative lifetimes of the phosphorescent states of the adenine.thymine (A.T) and guanine.cytosine (G.C) base pairs were calculated on the basis of the singlet-triplet transition probability induced by spin-orbit couplings.	Adenine	60-67	spindlin 1	Homo sapiens	206-210
204787-0	1977	The role of the nicotinamide and adenine subsites in the negative co-operativity of coenzyme binding to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.	Adenine	33-40	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	104-144
195896-4	1977	A slight increase in hCG secretion was observed following addition of adenine.	Adenine	70-77	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	21-24
188545-13	1977	The total nucleotide produced from adenine and guanine with adenine- and hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase was about equal in normal and leukemic lymphocytes, but the proportion of the adenosine 5"-triphosphate in the product was much greater with the leukemic cells.	Adenine	35-42	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	73-119
869896-3	1977	A new assay method for APRT is described in which an erythrocyte lysate is incubated with adenine and phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) for a given time; both hemoglobin and adenine nucleotide (AMP) are then precipitated with lanthanum phosphate; the change in absorbance of adenine at 260 nm reflects the extent of its conversion to AMP by APRT.	Adenine	90-97	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	23-27
869896-3	1977	A new assay method for APRT is described in which an erythrocyte lysate is incubated with adenine and phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) for a given time; both hemoglobin and adenine nucleotide (AMP) are then precipitated with lanthanum phosphate; the change in absorbance of adenine at 260 nm reflects the extent of its conversion to AMP by APRT.	Adenine	175-182	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	23-27
884098-3	1977	The elution of nucleobases and nucleosides from the gel in the order Cyt, Gua, Thy, Ade (or dC, dG, dT, dA and C, G, U, A, respectively) shows that Ade (dA, A) is retarded to the highest degree from the gel matrix, Cyt (dC, C) to the lowest degree.	Adenine	148-151	DExD-box helicase 21	Homo sapiens	74-77
14008-3	1977	Furthermore, the mutant strains dap 1, devoid of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase activity, and pur 1, devoid of guanine phosphoribosyltransferase activity have a lowered uptake rate of adenine and guanine respectively, along with an increased apparent Km value for these purines in comparison to the wild-type 972h.	Adenine	49-56	cytochrome P450 regulator Dap1	Schizosaccharomyces pombe	32-37
204461-6	1977	Increased availability of PP-ribose-P may also be associated with proliferative activation of fibroblast-like cells: chick embryo fibroblast cultures released from density-dependent inhibition of growth by insulin, trypsin or serum rapidly increase the rate of adenine incorporation into nucleotides.	Adenine	261-268	insulin	Gallus gallus	206-213
855721-0	1977	Adenine and adenosine metabolism in lymphocytes deficient in adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity.	Adenine	0-7	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	61-80
855721-0	1977	Adenine and adenosine metabolism in lymphocytes deficient in adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity.	Adenine	0-7	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	82-85
986156-10	1976	Supernatant RNAs synthesized by polymerase II contained a poly(A) segment of about 150 adenine residues; these transcripts sedimented heterogeneously with an apparent size distribution (under denaturing conditions) which was smaller than that of nuclear RNA polymerase II products and which resembled that of cellular mRNA.	Adenine	87-94	RNA polymerase II, I and III subunit F	Rattus norvegicus	32-45
24271569-8	1976	The present findings suggest (1) that homologous tRNA methylation may provide developing brain cells with continuously changing populations of tRNA and (2) that neurons are enriched in adenine residue-specific tRNA methyltransferases that are highly sensitive to spermidine.	Adenine	185-192	Trng	Rattus norvegicus	49-53
781528-4	1976	The right arm is marked with ade3 (simultaneous requirement for adenine and histidine).	Adenine	64-71	trifunctional formate-tetrahydrofolate ligase/methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase/methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase ADE3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	29-33
1148199-7	1975	Contrary to the PRibPP-bound AMP pyrophosphorylase, the adenine-bound enzyme was found to be more heat labile than the unbound enzyme.	Adenine	56-63	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	29-50
235534-8	1975	When D-malate forms a ternary complex with malate dehydrogenase-reduced coenzyme complexes, perturbation of both adenine and dihydronicotinamide chromophores is evident.	Adenine	113-120	malic enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	43-63
1171046-7	1975	Moverover, in hybrids formed between an adenine-requiring auxotroph and human cells, a human esterase  activator gene has been identified which appears to regulate the expression of esterase gene activities in the Chinese hamster genome.	Adenine	40-47	esterase activator	Homo sapiens	93-112
4129802-5	1974	Before exposure to the adenine analogs, the expression of human adenine phosphoribosyltransferase by the hybrids was strongly associated only with the presence of human chromosome 16, and afterwards this was the only human chromosome consistently lost.	Adenine	23-30	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	64-97
1240813-5	1975	The results of studying cross-resistance of mutants to DAP, AG and 8-azaadenine (AA) show that Dap-r and Azg-Dap-r mutants in contrast to Azg-r - Dap-r, have common phenotypic properties and can grow only on the analogues of adenine.	Adenine	72-79	pleckstrin homology domain containing M3	Homo sapiens	95-100
1240813-5	1975	The results of studying cross-resistance of mutants to DAP, AG and 8-azaadenine (AA) show that Dap-r and Azg-Dap-r mutants in contrast to Azg-r - Dap-r, have common phenotypic properties and can grow only on the analogues of adenine.	Adenine	72-79	pleckstrin homology domain containing M3	Homo sapiens	109-114
1240813-5	1975	The results of studying cross-resistance of mutants to DAP, AG and 8-azaadenine (AA) show that Dap-r and Azg-Dap-r mutants in contrast to Azg-r - Dap-r, have common phenotypic properties and can grow only on the analogues of adenine.	Adenine	72-79	pleckstrin homology domain containing M3	Homo sapiens	109-114
1054836-1	1975	The addition of erythropoietin to cell cultures of erythroid cells of human fetal liver resulted in an increased incorporation of thymidine, adenine, and uridine into trichloroacetic acid-insoluble cell fractions and in an increased uptake of adenine and uridine into the cell.	Adenine	141-148	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	16-30
1054836-1	1975	The addition of erythropoietin to cell cultures of erythroid cells of human fetal liver resulted in an increased incorporation of thymidine, adenine, and uridine into trichloroacetic acid-insoluble cell fractions and in an increased uptake of adenine and uridine into the cell.	Adenine	243-250	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	16-30
172821-3	1975	The activities of the oxidative pentose shunt, of the hypoxanthine-guanine and adenine phosphoribosyltransferases (HGPRT, APRT) and of PRPP synthetase, as well as the rates of PRPP generation and of adenine incorporation into nucleotides were found to be normal in the erythrocytes of all these patients.	Adenine	79-86	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	115-120
4328694-2	1971	Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase in isolated membrane preparations and its role in transport of adenine across the membrane.	Adenine	97-104	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-33
5040378-2	1972	The directive effect which certain exocyclic substituents at C-8 of adenine have on the site of ribosylation.	Adenine	68-75	homeobox C8	Homo sapiens	61-64
5008175-0	1972	Local effects of partial adenine-N1-oxidation on poly A-poly U and poly A-2 poly U helix conformations.	Adenine	25-32	ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit a2	Homo sapiens	72-75
4314578-0	1970	Studies of the binding of adenine to adenine phosphoribosyltransferase.	Adenine	26-33	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	37-70
4928005-6	1971	(iv) The pathway by which exogenous adenine is converted to guanine nucleotides in the presence of histidine requires a functional purine nucleoside phosphorylase.	Adenine	36-43	purine-nucleoside phosphorylase	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. LT2	131-162
4395024-1	1970	The increase and prolongation of water movement in the toad bladder in the presence of the pyridine nucleotide precursors adenine and nicotinamide (when stimulated with vasopressin, adenosine 3":5"-cyclic phosphate, or theophylline) suggests that pyridine nucleotides may be actively involved in membrane permeability.	Adenine	122-129	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	169-180
33878503-0	2021	Strain-specific alterations in the skeletal response to adenine-induced chronic kidney disease are associated with differences in parathyroid hormone levels.	Adenine	56-63	parathyroid hormone	Mus musculus	130-149
5922545-12	1966	A difference in base composition was reflected in the adenine-uracil ratio, which was 0.95 for MS-2 and 0.75 for Qbeta.	Adenine	54-61	MS2	Homo sapiens	95-99
14348191-5	1965	Administration of inosine and possibly of adenine has a comparable effect on the xanthine dehydrogenase, and also induces an elevation of the total quantity of enzyme.	Adenine	42-49	xanthine dehydrogenase	Gallus gallus	81-103
33878503-8	2021	Adenine mice of both strains had lower cortical thickness and a higher percentage of osteocytes positive for TNF-alpha compared to controls.	Adenine	0-7	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	109-118
5256231-2	1969	The patients are deficient in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase, which converts hypoxanthine to inosinic acid, a major precursor of adenine and guanine nucleotides.	Adenine	145-152	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	30-76
33878503-10	2021	This work, in a model of progressive CKD, further confirms the role of chronically elevated PTH in the development of cortical porosity and demonstrates adenine-induced increases in PTH contribute to intracortical remodeling in B6 mice.	Adenine	153-160	parathyroid hormone	Mus musculus	182-185
33878503-6	2021	RESULTS: Both strains of adenine-fed mice had elevated blood urea nitrogen, demonstrating compromised kidney function, compared to strain-matched controls, but only B6 adenine mice had statistically higher parathyroid hormone (PTH), greater cortical porosity, high bone turnover rate, a greater percentage of osteocytes positive for RANKL and IL-17, and lower osteocyte apoptosis compared to B6 controls.	Adenine	25-32	parathyroid hormone	Mus musculus	227-230
33878503-11	2021	Adenine-induced changes that occurred in both strains of mice, notably lower cortical thickness and a higher percentage of osteocytes expressing TNF-alpha, indicate potential PTH-independent responses to CKD.	Adenine	0-7	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	145-154
33878503-11	2021	Adenine-induced changes that occurred in both strains of mice, notably lower cortical thickness and a higher percentage of osteocytes expressing TNF-alpha, indicate potential PTH-independent responses to CKD.	Adenine	0-7	parathyroid hormone	Mus musculus	175-178
33878503-6	2021	RESULTS: Both strains of adenine-fed mice had elevated blood urea nitrogen, demonstrating compromised kidney function, compared to strain-matched controls, but only B6 adenine mice had statistically higher parathyroid hormone (PTH), greater cortical porosity, high bone turnover rate, a greater percentage of osteocytes positive for RANKL and IL-17, and lower osteocyte apoptosis compared to B6 controls.	Adenine	168-175	parathyroid hormone	Mus musculus	206-225
33878503-6	2021	RESULTS: Both strains of adenine-fed mice had elevated blood urea nitrogen, demonstrating compromised kidney function, compared to strain-matched controls, but only B6 adenine mice had statistically higher parathyroid hormone (PTH), greater cortical porosity, high bone turnover rate, a greater percentage of osteocytes positive for RANKL and IL-17, and lower osteocyte apoptosis compared to B6 controls.	Adenine	168-175	parathyroid hormone	Mus musculus	227-230
33931459-2	2021	We used an adenine base editor (ABE) to modify splice donor sites of the dystrophin gene, causing skipping of a common DMD deletion mutation of exon 51 ( Ex51) in cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells, restoring dystrophin expression.	Adenine	11-18	dystrophin	Homo sapiens	73-83
33974999-0	2022	Correction of the pathogenic mutation in TGM1 gene by adenine base editing in mutant embryos.	Adenine	54-61	transglutaminase 1	Homo sapiens	41-45
34026780-6	2021	Recently, an amino acid aspartate (D) to glycine (G) (D614G) mutation due to an adenine to guanine nucleotide change at position 23,403 at the 614th amino-acid position of the spike protein in the original reference genotype has been identified.	Adenine	80-87	surface glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	176-181
33848270-7	2021	Using adenine base editing, we corrected the mutation in the cells from both donors with >90% efficiency, thereby rescuing the splicing defect and alpha-sarcoglycan expression.	Adenine	6-13	sarcoglycan alpha	Homo sapiens	147-164
34012094-0	2021	In vivo adenine base editing of PCSK9 in macaques reduces LDL cholesterol levels.	Adenine	8-15	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9	Mus musculus	32-37
33719570-8	2021	We observed that the overall expression of both LDHA and LDHB decreased following renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) as well as in the adenine-diet induced model of chronic kidney disease.	Adenine	140-147	lactate dehydrogenase A	Homo sapiens	48-52
33719570-8	2021	We observed that the overall expression of both LDHA and LDHB decreased following renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) as well as in the adenine-diet induced model of chronic kidney disease.	Adenine	140-147	lactate dehydrogenase B	Homo sapiens	57-61
33931459-2	2021	We used an adenine base editor (ABE) to modify splice donor sites of the dystrophin gene, causing skipping of a common DMD deletion mutation of exon 51 ( Ex51) in cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells, restoring dystrophin expression.	Adenine	11-18	dystrophin	Homo sapiens	239-249
33753838-3	2021	The spectroscopic analysis of the archaeological textiles by SERS reveals the presence of bands attributed to carminic acid and nucleobases, mainly adenine and guanine.	Adenine	148-155	seryl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	61-65
33913242-0	2021	Long noncoding RNA LINC00184 facilitates the proliferation, metastasis, and adenine metabolism of cholangiocarcinoma via modulating hsa-miR-23b-3p/ANXA2 axis.	Adenine	76-83	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 184	Homo sapiens	19-28
33913242-9	2021	LC-MS/M analysis was used to explore whether the changes of adenine metabolism was affected by LINC00184 in cholangiocarcinoma cells.	Adenine	60-67	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 184	Homo sapiens	95-104
33913242-11	2021	Knockdown of LINC00184 repressed cell proliferation, invasion, migration and adenine metabolism in cholangiocarcinoma cells.	Adenine	77-84	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 184	Homo sapiens	13-22
33891630-4	2021	After 10-weeks of adenine-induced CKD, both male and female adenine mice had high serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), high bone turnover, and cortical porosity compared to non-CKD controls.	Adenine	18-25	parathyroid hormone	Mus musculus	88-107
33891630-4	2021	After 10-weeks of adenine-induced CKD, both male and female adenine mice had high serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), high bone turnover, and cortical porosity compared to non-CKD controls.	Adenine	60-67	parathyroid hormone	Mus musculus	88-107
33891630-4	2021	After 10-weeks of adenine-induced CKD, both male and female adenine mice had high serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), high bone turnover, and cortical porosity compared to non-CKD controls.	Adenine	60-67	parathyroid hormone	Mus musculus	109-112
33891630-7	2021	These data demonstrate that both male and female mice develop high PTH/high bone turnover in response to adenine-induced CKD and that cortical bone phenotypes are slightly more severe in males, particularly in mechanical properties deficits.	Adenine	105-112	parathyroid hormone	Mus musculus	67-70
33360587-1	2021	In this paper, we present a computational study investigating the electronic properties of DNA nucleobases (Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Thymine) on chi3 borophene using a combination of density functional theory (DFT) and non-equilibrium Green"s function (NEGF) formalism.The adsorption energy, equilibrium distance, net charge of transfer, and density of states (DOSs) are obtained at different molecule orientations and selective positions.The most stable geometries of DNA molecules on chi3 borophene are also determined.By using (NEGF) formalism, the electronic transmission and electrical current are calculated separately as a function of applied bias voltage for each nucleobase.	Adenine	108-115	chitinase 1	Homo sapiens	151-155
33360587-1	2021	In this paper, we present a computational study investigating the electronic properties of DNA nucleobases (Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Thymine) on chi3 borophene using a combination of density functional theory (DFT) and non-equilibrium Green"s function (NEGF) formalism.The adsorption energy, equilibrium distance, net charge of transfer, and density of states (DOSs) are obtained at different molecule orientations and selective positions.The most stable geometries of DNA molecules on chi3 borophene are also determined.By using (NEGF) formalism, the electronic transmission and electrical current are calculated separately as a function of applied bias voltage for each nucleobase.	Adenine	108-115	chitinase 1	Homo sapiens	492-496
33876960-0	2021	Rescue of STAT3 Function in Hyper-IgE Syndrome Using Adenine Base Editing.	Adenine	53-60	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	10-15
33876960-2	2021	CRISPR-Cas9-mediated adenine base editors (ABEs) have the potential to correct one of the most common STAT3-HIES causing heterozygous STAT3 mutations (c.1144C>T/p.R382W).	Adenine	21-28	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	102-107
33876960-2	2021	CRISPR-Cas9-mediated adenine base editors (ABEs) have the potential to correct one of the most common STAT3-HIES causing heterozygous STAT3 mutations (c.1144C>T/p.R382W).	Adenine	21-28	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	134-139
33790363-7	2021	The effects of these agents were reduced in adenine-induced acute renal failure rats, presumably due to substantial decrease in renal OAT1/3 and ABCG2 expression.	Adenine	44-51	solute carrier family 22 member 6	Rattus norvegicus	134-140
33790363-7	2021	The effects of these agents were reduced in adenine-induced acute renal failure rats, presumably due to substantial decrease in renal OAT1/3 and ABCG2 expression.	Adenine	44-51	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2	Rattus norvegicus	145-150
33465052-5	2021	Cpt1a knock-in mice subjected to three different models of renal fibrosis (unilateral ureteral obstruction, folic acid nephropathy-FAN and adenine induced nephrotoxicity) exhibited decreased expression of fibrotic markers, a blunted pro-inflammatory response and reduced epithelial cell damage and macrophage influx.	Adenine	139-146	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a, liver	Mus musculus	0-5
33675115-1	2021	Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) is the key enzyme involved in purine salvage by the incorporation of adenine and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate to provide adenylate nucleotides.	Adenine	110-117	adenine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	0-33
33675115-1	2021	Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) is the key enzyme involved in purine salvage by the incorporation of adenine and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate to provide adenylate nucleotides.	Adenine	110-117	adenine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	35-39
33675115-6	2021	In vitro studies showed that APRT utilized adenine to rescue cellular ATP levels and proliferation from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage.	Adenine	43-50	adenine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	29-33
33747370-7	2021	We found that the Com/com interaction enriched Cas9 and adenine base editor (ABE) RNPs into EVs, via forming a three-component complex including CD63-Com fusion protein, com-modified sgRNA and Cas9 or ABE.	Adenine	56-63	CD63 molecule	Homo sapiens	145-149
33579010-5	2021	An example is given of photochemical dissipative abiogenesis of adenine from the precursor HCN in water solvent within a fatty acid vesicle floating on a hot ocean surface and driven far from equilibrium by the incident UVC light.	Adenine	64-71	metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1	Homo sapiens	91-94
33620431-3	2021	Through optimized design, we successfully produced a panel of cytidine and adenine base editor (ABE) vectors targeting the erythroid BCL11A enhancer or recreating naturally occurring hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) mutations in the HBG1/2 promoter.	Adenine	75-82	B cell CLL/lymphoma 11A (zinc finger protein)	Mus musculus	133-139
33145851-4	2021	Subsequent HPLC analysis revealed that the alkylation site of conjugate 3 , which was identified by capillary electrophoresis, was reliable and that conjugate 3 alkylates the N3 position of adenine as do hPIP-Chbs.	Adenine	190-197	prolactin induced protein	Homo sapiens	204-208
33561268-3	2021	I-iota, a plastome mutant of Oenothera (evening primrose), carries a single adenine insertion in an oligoA stretch [11A] of the atpB coding region (encoding a beta-subunit of the ATP synthase).	Adenine	76-83	ATPase beta chain	Nicotiana tabacum	128-132
33475355-4	2021	Here, we monitored the specific interaction between the adenine-sensing riboswitch aptamer domain (ARS) and adenine at the single-molecule level using alpha-hemolysin (alphaHL) nanopores.	Adenine	56-63	RIEG2	Homo sapiens	99-102
33475355-4	2021	Here, we monitored the specific interaction between the adenine-sensing riboswitch aptamer domain (ARS) and adenine at the single-molecule level using alpha-hemolysin (alphaHL) nanopores.	Adenine	108-115	RIEG2	Homo sapiens	99-102
33475355-5	2021	During adenine-induced tertiary folding, adenine-bound ARS intermediates exhibited characteristic nanopore events, including a two-level ionic current blockade and a ~ 5.6-fold longer dwell time than that of free RNA.	Adenine	7-14	RIEG2	Homo sapiens	55-58
33475355-5	2021	During adenine-induced tertiary folding, adenine-bound ARS intermediates exhibited characteristic nanopore events, including a two-level ionic current blockade and a ~ 5.6-fold longer dwell time than that of free RNA.	Adenine	41-48	RIEG2	Homo sapiens	55-58
33614642-7	2021	Expressions of inflammatory markers MCP-1, F4/80 and ICAM, fibrotic markers type IV collagen and fibronectin, and the cytokine TGF-beta1 were increased in adenine-induced CKD when compared to control groups and significantly attenuated by metformin treatment.	Adenine	155-162	fibronectin 1	Mus musculus	97-108
33614642-0	2021	Metformin Attenuates Renal Fibrosis in a Mouse Model of Adenine-Induced Renal Injury Through Inhibiting TGF-beta1 Signaling Pathways.	Adenine	56-63	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	104-113
33614642-7	2021	Expressions of inflammatory markers MCP-1, F4/80 and ICAM, fibrotic markers type IV collagen and fibronectin, and the cytokine TGF-beta1 were increased in adenine-induced CKD when compared to control groups and significantly attenuated by metformin treatment.	Adenine	155-162	mast cell protease 1	Mus musculus	36-41
33614642-7	2021	Expressions of inflammatory markers MCP-1, F4/80 and ICAM, fibrotic markers type IV collagen and fibronectin, and the cytokine TGF-beta1 were increased in adenine-induced CKD when compared to control groups and significantly attenuated by metformin treatment.	Adenine	155-162	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	127-136
33614642-7	2021	Expressions of inflammatory markers MCP-1, F4/80 and ICAM, fibrotic markers type IV collagen and fibronectin, and the cytokine TGF-beta1 were increased in adenine-induced CKD when compared to control groups and significantly attenuated by metformin treatment.	Adenine	155-162	adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E1	Mus musculus	43-48
33614642-8	2021	Moreover, treatment with metformin inhibited the phosphorylation of Smad3, ERK1/2, and P38 and was associated with activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the kidneys of adenine-treated mice.	Adenine	187-194	SMAD family member 3	Mus musculus	68-73
33614642-8	2021	Moreover, treatment with metformin inhibited the phosphorylation of Smad3, ERK1/2, and P38 and was associated with activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the kidneys of adenine-treated mice.	Adenine	187-194	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	75-81
33614642-9	2021	These results indicate that metformin attenuates adenine-induced renal fibrosis through inhibition of TGF-beta1 signaling pathways and activation of AMPK, independent of its glucose-lowering action.	Adenine	49-56	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	102-111
33159888-0	2021	Lack of endothelial nitric oxide synthase accelerates ectopic calcification in uremic mice fed an adenine and high phosphorus diet.	Adenine	98-105	nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	8-41
32927105-6	2021	RESULTS: Exp 1: Untreated adenine mice had elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and cortical porosity (~2.6% porosity) while Ca-H2O lowered PTH and cortical porosity (0.5-0.8% porosity).	Adenine	26-33	exportin 1	Mus musculus	9-14
32927105-6	2021	RESULTS: Exp 1: Untreated adenine mice had elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and cortical porosity (~2.6% porosity) while Ca-H2O lowered PTH and cortical porosity (0.5-0.8% porosity).	Adenine	26-33	parathyroid hormone	Mus musculus	79-98
32927105-6	2021	RESULTS: Exp 1: Untreated adenine mice had elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and cortical porosity (~2.6% porosity) while Ca-H2O lowered PTH and cortical porosity (0.5-0.8% porosity).	Adenine	26-33	parathyroid hormone	Mus musculus	100-103
32927105-6	2021	RESULTS: Exp 1: Untreated adenine mice had elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and cortical porosity (~2.6% porosity) while Ca-H2O lowered PTH and cortical porosity (0.5-0.8% porosity).	Adenine	26-33	parathyroid hormone	Mus musculus	166-169
33728390-8	2021	Exome sequencing (confirmed by Sanger sequencing) detected a guanine to adenine substitution at residue 725 of the ALB gene previously associated with dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia.	Adenine	72-79	albumin	Homo sapiens	115-118
33177187-2	2021	Through an in-silico screening of modifications at the 5"-end nucleobase of the guide strand, an adenine-derived compound called 6-(3-(2-carboxyethyl)phenyl)-purine (6-mCEPh-purine) was identified to improve the RNAi activity in cultured human cells and in vivo mouse models.	Adenine	97-104	potassium voltage-gated channel, shaker-related subfamily, member 1	Mus musculus	168-173
33383203-5	2021	In addition, cytosine base editors using a rat APOBEC1 or a human APOBEC3a and adenine base editors using a directly evolved high-compatible TadA*-8e deaminase were developed from the SpCas9 variants and readily generated conversions between C G and T A in targets with non-canonical PAMs in transgenic rice lines.	Adenine	79-86	type II CRISPR RNA-guided endonuclease Cas9	Streptococcus pyogenes	184-190
33177188-4	2021	Here, using the in silico model of the complex between human AGO2 MID domain and nucleoside monophosphates, we screened and synthesized an original adenine-derived analogue, 6-(3-(2-carboxyethyl)phenyl)purine (6-mCEPh-purine), that fits better than the natural nucleotide bases into the MID domain of AGO2.	Adenine	148-155	argonaute RISC catalytic component 2	Homo sapiens	61-65
33177188-4	2021	Here, using the in silico model of the complex between human AGO2 MID domain and nucleoside monophosphates, we screened and synthesized an original adenine-derived analogue, 6-(3-(2-carboxyethyl)phenyl)purine (6-mCEPh-purine), that fits better than the natural nucleotide bases into the MID domain of AGO2.	Adenine	148-155	argonaute RISC catalytic component 2	Homo sapiens	301-305
33510843-6	2021	Adenine increased water intake, urine output, relative kidney weight, the plasma concentrations of urea and creatinine, and the urinary concentrations of kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin.	Adenine	0-7	hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1	Mus musculus	154-178
33510843-6	2021	Adenine increased water intake, urine output, relative kidney weight, the plasma concentrations of urea and creatinine, and the urinary concentrations of kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin.	Adenine	0-7	lipocalin 2	Mus musculus	183-225
33510843-9	2021	Adenine induced a significant increase in systolic blood pressure and the concentrations of troponin I, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-1beta in heart homogenates.	Adenine	0-7	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	104-131
33510843-9	2021	Adenine induced a significant increase in systolic blood pressure and the concentrations of troponin I, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-1beta in heart homogenates.	Adenine	0-7	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	137-154
33510843-11	2021	Immunohistochemical analysis of the hearts showed that adenine increased the expression of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 by cardiomyocytes.	Adenine	55-62	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	91-132
33510843-14	2021	In conclusion, the administration of adenine in mice induced CKD-associated cardiac inflammation, oxidative stress, Nrf2 expression, and DNA damage.	Adenine	37-44	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	116-120
33519919-1	2020	Introduction: The methylation at position N6 of adenine is called N6-methyladenosine (m6A).	Adenine	48-55	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	86-89
33436815-4	2021	We observed that while female hyperlipidemic apoE KO mice fed a 0.2% adenine diet for 14 weeks developed CKD with elevated plasma levels of TMAO, provision of a non-lethal inhibitor of gut microbial trimethylamine (TMA) production, iodomethylcholine (IMC), significantly reduced multiple markers of renal injury (plasma creatinine, cystatin C, FGF23, and TMAO), reduced histopathologic evidence of fibrosis, and markedly attenuated development of microalbuminuria.	Adenine	69-76	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	45-49
33290556-2	2021	Through genome-wide analysis of de novo methylation activity in murine stem cells we uncover that DNMT3A prefers to methylate CpGs followed by cytosines or thymines, while DNMT3B predominantly methylates CpGs followed by guanines or adenines.	Adenine	233-241	DNA methyltransferase 3A	Mus musculus	98-104
33325700-0	2020	Discovery of a Potent Adenine-Benzyltriazolo-Pleuromutilin Conjugate with Pronounced Antibacterial Activity against MRSA.	Adenine	22-29	solute carrier family 9 member A6	Homo sapiens	116-120
33227703-0	2021	Contribution of TFEB-mediated autophagy to tubulointerstitial fibrosis in mice with adenine-induced chronic kidney disease.	Adenine	84-91	transcription factor EB	Mus musculus	16-20
33227703-6	2021	Immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis further revealed that TFEB and autophagy genes were significantly up-regulated in the kidney of the mice with adenine-induced CKD, and this increase was mostly found in the tubular epithelial cells.	Adenine	156-163	transcription factor EB	Mus musculus	68-72
33227703-8	2021	Moreover, a pathogenic role of TFEB in adenine-induced CKD was speculated because the pharmacological activation of TFEB by trehalose failed to protect mice from tubulointerstitial injuries.	Adenine	39-46	transcription factor EB	Mus musculus	31-35
33227703-8	2021	Moreover, a pathogenic role of TFEB in adenine-induced CKD was speculated because the pharmacological activation of TFEB by trehalose failed to protect mice from tubulointerstitial injuries.	Adenine	39-46	transcription factor EB	Mus musculus	116-120
33227703-10	2021	Collectively, these results suggested that the activation of TFEB-mediated autophagy might cause autophagic cell death and inflammation in tubular epithelial cells, contributing to renal fibrosis in adenine-induced CKD.	Adenine	199-206	transcription factor EB	Rattus norvegicus	61-65
32690970-8	2021	APOBEC-nCas9-Ung supplements the current adenine and cytidine BEs (ABE and CBE, respectively) and could be used to target G/C disease-causing mutations.	Adenine	41-48	uracil-DNA glycosylase	Rattus norvegicus	13-16
33310295-0	2021	Morin hydrate attenuates adenine-induced renal fibrosis via targeting cathepsin D signaling.	Adenine	25-32	cathepsin D	Mus musculus	70-81
33106660-4	2021	We show that the alternative excited conformation transiently sequesters the bulged adenine into a noncanonical protonated A+-G mismatch, conferring a substantial enhancement in Dicer processing over its ground conformational state.	Adenine	84-91	dicer 1, ribonuclease III	Homo sapiens	178-183
33494014-3	2021	Due to RF or NRF interaction with dsDNA, the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) peak currents of guanine and adenine decreased and the peak potentials shifted to more positive values with increasing drug concentration (RF or NRF).	Adenine	111-118	NFKB repressing factor	Homo sapiens	13-16
33494014-3	2021	Due to RF or NRF interaction with dsDNA, the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) peak currents of guanine and adenine decreased and the peak potentials shifted to more positive values with increasing drug concentration (RF or NRF).	Adenine	111-118	NFKB repressing factor	Homo sapiens	227-230
33494014-4	2021	Binding constants (Kb) of complexes RF-dsDNA and NRF-dsDNA were calculated based on adenine and guanine oxidation signals.	Adenine	84-91	NFKB repressing factor	Homo sapiens	49-52
33290201-4	2021	OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to isolate and characterize AAH by learning its kinetic mode of action using preferred substrate Adenine and additives estimated through expected product formation Hypoxanthine.	Adenine	139-146	aspartate beta-hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	70-73
33437541-5	2020	In this single missense mutation, guanine is substituted by adenine base pair in the nucleotide position 20210 of the 3"-untranslated region of the prothrombin gene, resulting in abnormal thrombin production predisposing to both arterial or venous thrombosis.	Adenine	60-67	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	148-159
33437541-5	2020	In this single missense mutation, guanine is substituted by adenine base pair in the nucleotide position 20210 of the 3"-untranslated region of the prothrombin gene, resulting in abnormal thrombin production predisposing to both arterial or venous thrombosis.	Adenine	60-67	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	151-159
32255258-9	2020	We found that the enzyme catalyzes the cleavage of the adenine moiety from SAH, MTA, and 5"dAdo, similar to the action of bacterial SAH/MTA nucleosidases.	Adenine	55-62	acyl-CoA synthetase medium-chain family member 3	Mus musculus	75-78
32828805-5	2020	Moreover, molecular docking simulated the binding of imiquimod in the active site of PDE4B, enabled by the high molecular similarity between imiquimod and the adenine moiety of cAMP.	Adenine	159-166	phosphodiesterase 4B	Homo sapiens	85-90
32255258-9	2020	We found that the enzyme catalyzes the cleavage of the adenine moiety from SAH, MTA, and 5"dAdo, similar to the action of bacterial SAH/MTA nucleosidases.	Adenine	55-62	acyl-CoA synthetase medium-chain family member 3	Mus musculus	132-135
33212804-3	2020	To test our hypothesis, we investigated sunitinib as an inhibitor for tyrosine kinase signaling for both vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFR) against adenine-induced nephrotoxicity.	Adenine	218-225	platelet derived growth factor receptor, beta polypeptide	Mus musculus	161-201
32873716-13	2020	However, in RPS12, two conserved 3"-terminal adenines in gRNA-1 could direct a non-canonical 2U-insertion that causes major pausing in 3"-5" progression.	Adenine	45-53	ribosomal protein S12	Homo sapiens	12-17
33273954-8	2020	Moreover, SQW significantly decreased the expression of nephrin and increased the expression of WT1 and AQP1 in the kidney of mice treated with adenine.	Adenine	144-151	WT1 transcription factor	Mus musculus	96-99
33273954-8	2020	Moreover, SQW significantly decreased the expression of nephrin and increased the expression of WT1 and AQP1 in the kidney of mice treated with adenine.	Adenine	144-151	aquaporin 1	Mus musculus	104-108
32869957-1	2020	Functional supramolecular micelles containing self-complementary multiple hydrogen bonding adenine groups (A-PPG) can spontaneously self-assemble into stable nanosized micelles in aqueous solution.	Adenine	91-98	serglycin	Homo sapiens	109-112
33203850-0	2020	Docking sites inside Cas9 for adenine base editing diversification and RNA off-target elimination.	Adenine	30-37	type II CRISPR RNA-guided endonuclease Cas9	Streptococcus pyogenes	21-25
33203850-2	2020	Nevertheless, current Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9)-based adenine base editors (ABEs) with minimized RNA off-target activities display constrained editing scopes with efficient editing activities at positions 4-8.	Adenine	65-72	type II CRISPR RNA-guided endonuclease Cas9	Streptococcus pyogenes	45-49
33203850-2	2020	Nevertheless, current Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9)-based adenine base editors (ABEs) with minimized RNA off-target activities display constrained editing scopes with efficient editing activities at positions 4-8.	Adenine	65-72	type II CRISPR RNA-guided endonuclease Cas9	Streptococcus pyogenes	51-57
33212804-3	2020	To test our hypothesis, we investigated sunitinib as an inhibitor for tyrosine kinase signaling for both vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFR) against adenine-induced nephrotoxicity.	Adenine	218-225	platelet derived growth factor receptor, beta polypeptide	Mus musculus	203-208
32901861-6	2020	In the animal model, administration of adenine increased the serum levels of creatinine, BUN, FGF23 and phosphorus but decreased the serum levels of calcium.	Adenine	39-46	fibroblast growth factor 23	Homo sapiens	94-99
33240235-7	2020	In separate in vivo experiments, we demonstrate that a phase variable (reversible) motility mutant carrying an adenine deletion within a homopolymeric tract resulting in truncation of the flagellar biosynthesis gene fliR was deficient for colonization in a C57BL/6 IL-10-/- mouse disease model.	Adenine	111-118	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	265-270
32901861-7	2020	In addition, adenine treatment increased the plasma levels of PTH.	Adenine	13-20	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	62-65
33142935-1	2020	Prothrombin-related thrombophilia is a genetic disorder produced by a substitution of a single DNA base pair, replacing guanine with adenine, and is detected mainly by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).	Adenine	133-140	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	0-11
33145410-0	2020	Designer Fluorescent Adenines Enable Real-Time Monitoring of MUTYH Activity.	Adenine	21-29	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	61-66
33145410-1	2020	The human DNA base excision repair enzyme MUTYH (MutY homolog DNA glycosylase) excises undamaged adenine that has been misincorporated opposite the oxidatively damaged 8-oxoG, preventing transversion mutations and serving as an important defense against the deleterious effects of this damage.	Adenine	97-104	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	42-47
33145410-5	2020	Herein, we synthesize and identify novel fluorescent adenine derivatives that can act as direct substrates for excision by MUTYH as well as bacterial MutY.	Adenine	53-60	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	123-128
33113810-3	2020	Therefore, it is important to secure a novel scaffold that occupies the adenine-binding site of BTK.	Adenine	72-79	Bruton tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	96-99
33106473-7	2020	ADE levels of C3b opsonin were significantly higher and those of C5b-9 attack complex was marginally higher in FPs than Cs.	Adenine	0-3	endogenous retrovirus group K member 3	Homo sapiens	14-17
32142798-5	2020	We delivered a CRISPR/Cas9 nuclease as ribonucleoprotein (RNP) into primary wild-type and recessive DEB (RDEB) keratinocytes to introduce a precise predictable single adenine sense-strand insertion at the target site.	Adenine	167-174	RNA binding region (RNP1, RRM) containing 3	Homo sapiens	39-56
33106473-8	2020	A significantly lower ADE level of the C3 convertase inhibitor CD55 may explain the higher levels of C3 convertase-generated C3b.	Adenine	22-25	CD55 molecule (Cromer blood group)	Homo sapiens	63-67
33106473-9	2020	ADE levels of the neuroprotective protein leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) were significantly lower in FPs than Cs, whereas levels of IL-6 were no different.	Adenine	0-3	LIF interleukin 6 family cytokine	Homo sapiens	42-68
33106473-9	2020	ADE levels of the neuroprotective protein leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) were significantly lower in FPs than Cs, whereas levels of IL-6 were no different.	Adenine	0-3	LIF interleukin 6 family cytokine	Homo sapiens	70-73
32663306-0	2020	Biochemical and structural basis for YTH domain of human YTHDC1 binding to methylated adenine in DNA.	Adenine	86-93	YTH domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	57-63
32663306-6	2020	We determined two structures of the YTH domain of YTHDC1 in complex with N6mA-containing ssDNA, which illustrated that YTHDC1 binds the methylated adenine in a single-stranded region flanked by duplexed DNA.	Adenine	147-154	YTH domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	50-56
32663306-6	2020	We determined two structures of the YTH domain of YTHDC1 in complex with N6mA-containing ssDNA, which illustrated that YTHDC1 binds the methylated adenine in a single-stranded region flanked by duplexed DNA.	Adenine	147-154	YTH domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	119-125
33149810-3	2020	The Mutyh gene is involved in the base excision repair (BER) system, which is critical for repairing the misincorporated adenine that is opposite to the oxidized guanine base, 8-oxoguanine, and maintaining the fidelity of DNA replication.	Adenine	121-128	mutY DNA glycosylase	Mus musculus	4-9
32142798-5	2020	We delivered a CRISPR/Cas9 nuclease as ribonucleoprotein (RNP) into primary wild-type and recessive DEB (RDEB) keratinocytes to introduce a precise predictable single adenine sense-strand insertion at the target site.	Adenine	167-174	RNA binding region (RNP1, RRM) containing 3	Homo sapiens	58-61
32142798-7	2020	Next generation sequencing of the on-target site revealed the presence of the precise adenine insertion upstream of the pathogenic mutation in at least 17% of all analyzed COL7A1 alleles.	Adenine	86-93	collagen type VII alpha 1 chain	Homo sapiens	172-178
32991318-1	2020	In the base excision repair pathway, MYH/MUTYH DNA glycosylase prevents mutations by removing adenine mispaired with 8-oxoG, a frequent oxidative lesion.	Adenine	94-101	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	37-40
32991318-1	2020	In the base excision repair pathway, MYH/MUTYH DNA glycosylase prevents mutations by removing adenine mispaired with 8-oxoG, a frequent oxidative lesion.	Adenine	94-101	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	41-46
33967480-2	2020	The aim of this study was to investigate the association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) cytosine-to-thymine (c. 677 C>T), adenine-to-cytosine (c.1298 A>C) single- nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and South Indian patients with the nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without palate (NSCL +- P).	Adenine	143-150	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	65-100
32967664-3	2020	RESULTS: In this study, a novel fusion adenine and cytosine base editor (ACBE) was generated by fusing a heterodimer of TadA (ecTadAWT/*) and an activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) to the N- and C-terminals of Cas9 nickase (nCas9), respectively.	Adenine	39-46	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	145-182
32967664-3	2020	RESULTS: In this study, a novel fusion adenine and cytosine base editor (ACBE) was generated by fusing a heterodimer of TadA (ecTadAWT/*) and an activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) to the N- and C-terminals of Cas9 nickase (nCas9), respectively.	Adenine	39-46	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	184-187
33659410-7	2020	Blood biochemistry showed that adenine fed mice had significantly increased serum creatinine, urea (P < 0.0001), and a significantly reduced glomerular filtration rate (P < 0.05), while immunohistochemistry of the kidneys for alpha-SMA, collagen 1 and collagen 3 showed severe fibrosis.	Adenine	31-38	actin alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta	Mus musculus	226-235
32667642-3	2020	Using the DNA adenine methylase identification method, we identified Dnmt1-binding regions in four- and eight-cell embryos.	Adenine	14-21	DNA methyltransferase (cytosine-5) 1	Mus musculus	69-74
32828311-3	2020	In previous studies, we identified a CORIN variant allele with an adenine insertion in the 5"-end of the coding region in ~5% of hypertensive individuals in a Chinese population.	Adenine	66-73	corin, serine peptidase	Homo sapiens	37-42
32899830-10	2020	It was revealed that ADE standardized to 25% of anthocyanins depresses the level of markers of inflammation and lipid peroxidation (Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and malondialdehyde (MDA)) in in vitro conditions.	Adenine	21-24	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	132-150
32899830-10	2020	It was revealed that ADE standardized to 25% of anthocyanins depresses the level of markers of inflammation and lipid peroxidation (Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and malondialdehyde (MDA)) in in vitro conditions.	Adenine	21-24	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	152-160
32899830-10	2020	It was revealed that ADE standardized to 25% of anthocyanins depresses the level of markers of inflammation and lipid peroxidation (Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and malondialdehyde (MDA)) in in vitro conditions.	Adenine	21-24	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	163-190
32899830-10	2020	It was revealed that ADE standardized to 25% of anthocyanins depresses the level of markers of inflammation and lipid peroxidation (Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and malondialdehyde (MDA)) in in vitro conditions.	Adenine	21-24	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	192-201
32749240-5	2020	Hypermethylation of the Acta2 repressor Ybx2 during IRI-AKI resulted in epigenetic modification of iPericytes to promote the transition to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and aggravated fibrogenesis induced by a second AKI induced by adenine.	Adenine	231-238	actin alpha 2, smooth muscle	Homo sapiens	24-29
32749240-5	2020	Hypermethylation of the Acta2 repressor Ybx2 during IRI-AKI resulted in epigenetic modification of iPericytes to promote the transition to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and aggravated fibrogenesis induced by a second AKI induced by adenine.	Adenine	231-238	Y-box binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	40-44
33967480-2	2020	The aim of this study was to investigate the association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) cytosine-to-thymine (c. 677 C>T), adenine-to-cytosine (c.1298 A>C) single- nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and South Indian patients with the nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without palate (NSCL +- P).	Adenine	143-150	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	102-107
33967480-2	2020	The aim of this study was to investigate the association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) cytosine-to-thymine (c. 677 C>T), adenine-to-cytosine (c.1298 A>C) single- nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and South Indian patients with the nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without palate (NSCL +- P).	Adenine	143-150	nescient helix-loop-helix 1	Homo sapiens	298-302
32624180-5	2020	In rats with adenine-induced hyperphosphatemia, EOS789 markedly decreased the serum phosphate, fibroblast growth factor-23, and intact parathyroid hormone below values found in normal control rats.	Adenine	13-20	fibroblast growth factor 23	Rattus norvegicus	95-122
32341565-5	2020	CD275+ ADE receives canonical Wnt signaling and is specified toward the liver fate.	Adenine	7-10	inducible T cell costimulator ligand	Homo sapiens	0-5
32849897-10	2020	The result of molecular docking indicated that DPP4 had strong binding activity with matrine, alicyclic protein, and sophoridine, and MMP9 had strong binding activity with adenine and sophoridine.	Adenine	172-179	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-51
32849897-10	2020	The result of molecular docking indicated that DPP4 had strong binding activity with matrine, alicyclic protein, and sophoridine, and MMP9 had strong binding activity with adenine and sophoridine.	Adenine	172-179	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	134-138
32664726-1	2020	MutY glycosylase excises adenines misincorporated opposite the oxidatively damaged lesion, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (OG), to initiate base excision repair and prevent G to T transversion mutations.	Adenine	25-33	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	0-4
32596952-9	2020	Finally, we found that the inhibitory effects of HDAC1 overexpression on VC were partially abolished via over-expressed LSD1 in adenine-induced CRF model rats and in high phosphate-induced VSMCs.	Adenine	128-135	histone deacetylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-54
32898471-1	2020	RNA m6A methylation is a post-transcriptional modification that occurs at the nitrogen-6 position of adenine.	Adenine	101-108	glycoprotein M6A	Homo sapiens	4-7
32784477-3	2020	This study aimed to investigate the effect of nutraceutical components, a fermented soybean product (ImmuBalance, IMB) and an oligo-lactic acid product (LAP), on the prevention of adenine-induced CKD in mice.	Adenine	180-187	acid phosphatase, prostate	Mus musculus	153-156
33029215-2	2020	COQ9 polymorphism 18:25527339 is characterized by substitution of guanine (allele G) for adenine (allele A), which modifies the function of the protein encoded by the gene.	Adenine	89-96	coenzyme Q9	Bos taurus	0-4
32339528-0	2020	Functional Analysis of the Role of Equilibrative Nucleobase Transporter 1 (ENBT1/SLC43A3) in Adenine Transport in HepG2 Cells.	Adenine	93-100	solute carrier family 43 member 3	Homo sapiens	81-88
32339528-6	2020	Although equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1/SLC29A1) and ENT2/SLC29A2 are also known to be able to transport adenine, [3H]adenine uptake in HepG2 cells was not inhibited by the ENT1/2-specific inhibitor of either dipyridamole or nitrobenzylthioinosine.	Adenine	119-126	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	9-47
32339528-6	2020	Although equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1/SLC29A1) and ENT2/SLC29A2 are also known to be able to transport adenine, [3H]adenine uptake in HepG2 cells was not inhibited by the ENT1/2-specific inhibitor of either dipyridamole or nitrobenzylthioinosine.	Adenine	119-126	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	49-53
32339528-6	2020	Although equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1/SLC29A1) and ENT2/SLC29A2 are also known to be able to transport adenine, [3H]adenine uptake in HepG2 cells was not inhibited by the ENT1/2-specific inhibitor of either dipyridamole or nitrobenzylthioinosine.	Adenine	119-126	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	54-61
32339528-6	2020	Although equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1/SLC29A1) and ENT2/SLC29A2 are also known to be able to transport adenine, [3H]adenine uptake in HepG2 cells was not inhibited by the ENT1/2-specific inhibitor of either dipyridamole or nitrobenzylthioinosine.	Adenine	119-126	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	67-71
32339528-6	2020	Although equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1/SLC29A1) and ENT2/SLC29A2 are also known to be able to transport adenine, [3H]adenine uptake in HepG2 cells was not inhibited by the ENT1/2-specific inhibitor of either dipyridamole or nitrobenzylthioinosine.	Adenine	119-126	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	72-79
32339528-6	2020	Although equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1/SLC29A1) and ENT2/SLC29A2 are also known to be able to transport adenine, [3H]adenine uptake in HepG2 cells was not inhibited by the ENT1/2-specific inhibitor of either dipyridamole or nitrobenzylthioinosine.	Adenine	119-126	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	187-193
32339528-6	2020	Although equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1/SLC29A1) and ENT2/SLC29A2 are also known to be able to transport adenine, [3H]adenine uptake in HepG2 cells was not inhibited by the ENT1/2-specific inhibitor of either dipyridamole or nitrobenzylthioinosine.	Adenine	132-139	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	9-47
32339528-6	2020	Although equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1/SLC29A1) and ENT2/SLC29A2 are also known to be able to transport adenine, [3H]adenine uptake in HepG2 cells was not inhibited by the ENT1/2-specific inhibitor of either dipyridamole or nitrobenzylthioinosine.	Adenine	132-139	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	49-53
32339528-6	2020	Although equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1/SLC29A1) and ENT2/SLC29A2 are also known to be able to transport adenine, [3H]adenine uptake in HepG2 cells was not inhibited by the ENT1/2-specific inhibitor of either dipyridamole or nitrobenzylthioinosine.	Adenine	132-139	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	54-61
32339528-6	2020	Although equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1/SLC29A1) and ENT2/SLC29A2 are also known to be able to transport adenine, [3H]adenine uptake in HepG2 cells was not inhibited by the ENT1/2-specific inhibitor of either dipyridamole or nitrobenzylthioinosine.	Adenine	132-139	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	67-71
32339528-6	2020	Although equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1/SLC29A1) and ENT2/SLC29A2 are also known to be able to transport adenine, [3H]adenine uptake in HepG2 cells was not inhibited by the ENT1/2-specific inhibitor of either dipyridamole or nitrobenzylthioinosine.	Adenine	132-139	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	72-79
32339528-6	2020	Although equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1/SLC29A1) and ENT2/SLC29A2 are also known to be able to transport adenine, [3H]adenine uptake in HepG2 cells was not inhibited by the ENT1/2-specific inhibitor of either dipyridamole or nitrobenzylthioinosine.	Adenine	132-139	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	187-193
32624180-5	2020	In rats with adenine-induced hyperphosphatemia, EOS789 markedly decreased the serum phosphate, fibroblast growth factor-23, and intact parathyroid hormone below values found in normal control rats.	Adenine	13-20	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	135-154
32707735-9	2020	Treatment with adenine suppressed TNF-alpha-induced elevation in IL-6 expression and nitrite oxide production in MG-63 cells.	Adenine	15-22	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	34-43
32707735-9	2020	Treatment with adenine suppressed TNF-alpha-induced elevation in IL-6 expression and nitrite oxide production in MG-63 cells.	Adenine	15-22	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	65-69
32707735-10	2020	Adenine induced the osteoblast differentiation with increased transcript levels of collage and increased ALP enzyme activity.	Adenine	0-7	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	105-108
32661331-10	2020	In addition, expression level of Bcl-2 was elevated (P < 0.001) while that of p53-was reduced compared to adenine alone.	Adenine	106-113	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	33-38
32661331-10	2020	In addition, expression level of Bcl-2 was elevated (P < 0.001) while that of p53-was reduced compared to adenine alone.	Adenine	106-113	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	78-81
32661331-0	2020	Erlotinib can halt adenine induced nephrotoxicity in mice through modulating ERK1/2, STAT3, p53 and apoptotic pathways.	Adenine	19-26	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	77-83
32413280-2	2020	In this study, we generated a novel hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT1) mouse model, which contains a start codon mutation in the fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (Fah) gene by using an adenine base editor (ABE7.10).	Adenine	183-190	fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase	Mus musculus	130-159
32413280-2	2020	In this study, we generated a novel hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT1) mouse model, which contains a start codon mutation in the fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (Fah) gene by using an adenine base editor (ABE7.10).	Adenine	183-190	fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase	Mus musculus	161-164
32517664-0	2020	Severe chronic kidney disease environment reduced calcium-sensing receptor expression in parathyroid glands of adenine-induced rats even without high phosphorus diet.	Adenine	111-118	calcium-sensing receptor	Rattus norvegicus	50-74
32524298-0	2020	Adenine based molecular junction as biosensor for detection of toxic phosgene gas.	Adenine	0-7	gastrin	Homo sapiens	78-81
32524298-1	2020	The possibility of adsorption of toxic phosgene gas (COCl2) molecule on one of the nucleobase of DNA-adenine-has been analyzed using the first principle calculations based on density function theory.	Adenine	101-108	gastrin	Homo sapiens	48-51
32524298-6	2020	Also, the variation of HOMO-LUMO gap of adenine molecule on adsorption of phosgene leads to alteration of current and voltage, thus implying that adenine-based sensor can be effectively utilized to sense the presence of phosgene gas in a given environment.	Adenine	40-47	gastrin	Homo sapiens	229-232
32681621-7	2020	Results: Present study revealed the mutation of AKAP3 gene, showing frameshift mutation at rs67512580 (ACT   -CT) and loss of adenine in homozygous condition, where, leucine changed into serine.	Adenine	126-133	A-kinase anchoring protein 3	Homo sapiens	48-53
32524298-6	2020	Also, the variation of HOMO-LUMO gap of adenine molecule on adsorption of phosgene leads to alteration of current and voltage, thus implying that adenine-based sensor can be effectively utilized to sense the presence of phosgene gas in a given environment.	Adenine	146-153	gastrin	Homo sapiens	229-232
32289197-10	2020	In photochemical conditions, the conjunction of the imines and its dissociation products (HCN and CNH) yields adenine.	Adenine	110-117	metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1	Homo sapiens	90-93
31978378-3	2020	A growing body of research shows that the activation of the NO signaling pathway leading to the phosphorylation of the transcription factor cyclic adenine monophosphate responsive element binding protein (CREB) (so-called NO/cGMP/PKG/CREB signaling pathway) ameliorates altered neuroplasticity and memory deficits in AD animal models.	Adenine	140-168	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	205-209
31978378-3	2020	A growing body of research shows that the activation of the NO signaling pathway leading to the phosphorylation of the transcription factor cyclic adenine monophosphate responsive element binding protein (CREB) (so-called NO/cGMP/PKG/CREB signaling pathway) ameliorates altered neuroplasticity and memory deficits in AD animal models.	Adenine	140-168	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	234-238
32508769-8	2020	These events represent 20.6x more sites than can be accounted for by all available adenines in GATC and CATG motifs, suggesting base or backbone modifications other than methylation might be present.	Adenine	83-91	glutamyl-tRNA amidotransferase subunit C	Homo sapiens	95-99
32061840-0	2020	Short-chain fatty acid mitigates adenine-induced chronic kidney disease via FFA2 and FFA3 pathways.	Adenine	33-40	free fatty acid receptor 2	Mus musculus	76-80
32061840-9	2020	Furthermore, the mitigation of adenine-induced renal damage by the administration of propionate was significantly attenuated in FFA2-/- and FFA3-/- mice.	Adenine	31-38	free fatty acid receptor 2	Mus musculus	128-132
32061840-10	2020	Therefore, the administration of propionate significantly protects against adenine-induced renal failure, at least in part, via the FFA2 and FFA3 pathways.	Adenine	75-82	free fatty acid receptor 2	Mus musculus	132-136
32367441-10	2020	PNPase inhibition reduced the urinary excretion of endogenous adenine and attenuated the conversion of exogenous adenosine to adenine in the renal cortex.	Adenine	62-69	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
32367441-10	2020	PNPase inhibition reduced the urinary excretion of endogenous adenine and attenuated the conversion of exogenous adenosine to adenine in the renal cortex.	Adenine	126-133	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
32508769-8	2020	These events represent 20.6x more sites than can be accounted for by all available adenines in GATC and CATG motifs, suggesting base or backbone modifications other than methylation might be present.	Adenine	83-91	cathepsin G	Homo sapiens	104-108
32380971-11	2020	RESULTS: Among the target sequencing results of 527 patients, two novel mutations (Mut1: c.821A > G p.G274D, the adenine(A) was mutated to guanine(G) at position 821 of the SRF gene coding sequences (CDS), lead to the Glycine(G) mutated to Asparticacid(D) at position 274 of the SRF protein amino acid sequences; Mut2: c.880G > T p.G294C, the guanine(G) was mutated to thymine (T) at position 880 of the SRF CDS, lead to the Glycine(G) mutated to Cysteine (C) at position 294 of the SRF protein amino acid sequences.)	Adenine	113-120	serum response factor	Homo sapiens	173-176
32380971-11	2020	RESULTS: Among the target sequencing results of 527 patients, two novel mutations (Mut1: c.821A > G p.G274D, the adenine(A) was mutated to guanine(G) at position 821 of the SRF gene coding sequences (CDS), lead to the Glycine(G) mutated to Asparticacid(D) at position 274 of the SRF protein amino acid sequences; Mut2: c.880G > T p.G294C, the guanine(G) was mutated to thymine (T) at position 880 of the SRF CDS, lead to the Glycine(G) mutated to Cysteine (C) at position 294 of the SRF protein amino acid sequences.)	Adenine	113-120	serum response factor	Homo sapiens	279-282
32380971-11	2020	RESULTS: Among the target sequencing results of 527 patients, two novel mutations (Mut1: c.821A > G p.G274D, the adenine(A) was mutated to guanine(G) at position 821 of the SRF gene coding sequences (CDS), lead to the Glycine(G) mutated to Asparticacid(D) at position 274 of the SRF protein amino acid sequences; Mut2: c.880G > T p.G294C, the guanine(G) was mutated to thymine (T) at position 880 of the SRF CDS, lead to the Glycine(G) mutated to Cysteine (C) at position 294 of the SRF protein amino acid sequences.)	Adenine	113-120	serum response factor	Homo sapiens	279-282
32099993-12	2020	RESULTS: Cocaine exposure induced an alcohol deprivation effect (ADE), which was associated in part by a decrease in the expression of GLT-1 and xCT in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core.	Adenine	65-68	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	135-140
32159918-1	2020	The RNA methylase METTL3 catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from the cofactor S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) to the N6 atom of adenine.	Adenine	132-139	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	18-24
31832725-0	2020	Elevations in Cortical Porosity Occur Prior to Significant Rise in Serum Parathyroid Hormone in Young Female Mice with Adenine-Induced CKD.	Adenine	119-126	parathyroid hormone	Mus musculus	73-92
32032597-6	2020	The unilateral ureteral occlusion (UUO) model and adenine-induced fibrosis model in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) induced HK-2 cells were applied to investigate the renoprotective effects of OI.	Adenine	50-57	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	147-156
32032811-6	2020	In this study, two irreversible oxide peaks were obtained from paper-based printed graphene electrode, corresponds to oxidation of guanine (G) and adenine (A) of dsDNA in the linear range of 0.2 pg mL-1 to 5 pg mL-1 with the detection limit of 0.68 pg mL-1 and the sensitivity of 0.00656 mA pg-1 cm-2.	Adenine	147-154	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	198-202
32032811-6	2020	In this study, two irreversible oxide peaks were obtained from paper-based printed graphene electrode, corresponds to oxidation of guanine (G) and adenine (A) of dsDNA in the linear range of 0.2 pg mL-1 to 5 pg mL-1 with the detection limit of 0.68 pg mL-1 and the sensitivity of 0.00656 mA pg-1 cm-2.	Adenine	147-154	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	211-215
32032811-6	2020	In this study, two irreversible oxide peaks were obtained from paper-based printed graphene electrode, corresponds to oxidation of guanine (G) and adenine (A) of dsDNA in the linear range of 0.2 pg mL-1 to 5 pg mL-1 with the detection limit of 0.68 pg mL-1 and the sensitivity of 0.00656 mA pg-1 cm-2.	Adenine	147-154	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	211-215
32260098-0	2020	Female AhR Knockout Mice Develop a Minor Renal Insufficiency in an Adenine-Diet Model of Chronic Kidney Disease.	Adenine	67-74	aryl-hydrocarbon receptor	Mus musculus	7-10
32260098-8	2020	These mice expressed low levels of xanthine dehydrogenase, which oxidizes adenine into 2,8-dihydroxyadenine, and low levels of the IS metabolism enzymes.	Adenine	74-81	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	35-57
31987988-0	2020	Osteocytes" expression of the PTH/PTHrP receptor has differing effects on endocortical and periosteal bone formation during adenine-induced CKD.	Adenine	124-131	parathyroid hormone 1 receptor	Mus musculus	30-48
31987988-4	2020	Conditional knockout mice targeting osteocytes" expression of the PTH/PTH-related protein type 1 receptor (PPR) were subjected to adenine-induced CKD.	Adenine	130-137	parathyroid hormone	Mus musculus	66-69
31987988-4	2020	Conditional knockout mice targeting osteocytes" expression of the PTH/PTH-related protein type 1 receptor (PPR) were subjected to adenine-induced CKD.	Adenine	130-137	parathyroid hormone 1 receptor	Mus musculus	107-110
31987988-9	2020	Collectively, these findings demonstrate that osteocytes" response to PTH under adenine-induced CKD has a unique impact on bone turnover that is specific to the periosteal and endocortical surfaces.	Adenine	80-87	parathyroid hormone	Mus musculus	70-73
31832725-3	2020	In this study, we aimed to track the progression of cortical porosity and increased PTH utilizing the adenine-induced CKD model.	Adenine	102-109	parathyroid hormone	Mus musculus	84-87
31832725-8	2020	Additionally, osteocyte receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) was elevated in adenine-fed mice, while annexin V, an early marker of cellular apoptosis, was mildly decreased in osteocytes in adenine-fed mice.	Adenine	99-106	tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11	Mus musculus	24-74
31832725-8	2020	Additionally, osteocyte receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) was elevated in adenine-fed mice, while annexin V, an early marker of cellular apoptosis, was mildly decreased in osteocytes in adenine-fed mice.	Adenine	99-106	tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11	Mus musculus	76-81
31832725-8	2020	Additionally, osteocyte receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) was elevated in adenine-fed mice, while annexin V, an early marker of cellular apoptosis, was mildly decreased in osteocytes in adenine-fed mice.	Adenine	211-218	annexin A5	Mus musculus	123-132
31832725-10	2020	In conclusion, our data show time-dependent elevations in serum PTH and cortical porosity in adenine-induced CKD mice and demonstrate changes in osteocyte RANKL and apoptosis which may contribute to the development of cortical pores.	Adenine	93-100	parathyroid hormone	Mus musculus	64-67
32108856-5	2020	Here, we report that AtPolIA and AtPolIB bypass Tg by inserting an adenine opposite the lesion and efficiently extend from a Tg-A base pair.	Adenine	67-74	polymerase gamma 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	33-40
32059997-7	2020	WNK1 also was increased in adenine nephropathy, but not in subtotal nephrectomy, models of CKD.	Adenine	27-34	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	0-4
31932072-6	2020	Adenine-fed mice showed a distinct and significant increase in beta-galactosidase in the proximal and distal renal tubules, cardiac myocytes, hepatocytes, and microvasculature in the cerebral cortex.	Adenine	0-7	galactosidase, beta 1	Mus musculus	63-81
31989137-4	2020	The proposed Cu-MOF/ERGO/GCE exhibited ultra-stable and high-sensitivity performance in the simultaneous electrochemical detection of guanine and adenine.	Adenine	146-153	aminomethyltransferase	Homo sapiens	25-28
31989137-7	2020	It was proved that the proposed Cu-MOF/ERGO/GCE can be performed for the detection of guanine and adenine in real samples, such as Herring sperm DNA, and satisfactory results were obtained.	Adenine	98-105	aminomethyltransferase	Homo sapiens	44-47
31614271-1	2020	In this colorimetric assay for sensitive detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA) tumor marker, adsorbed non-thiolated poly-Adenine aptamer (polyA Apt) on the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) surface was used.	Adenine	123-135	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	54-79
32210718-0	2020	Adenine inhibits growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via AMPK-mediated S phase arrest and apoptotic cascade.	Adenine	0-7	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	62-66
32210718-10	2020	Western blot analysis showed that adenine reduced expression of cyclin A/D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2 and upregulated p53, p21, Bax, PUMA, and NOXA in HepG2 cell.	Adenine	34-41	cyclin A2	Homo sapiens	64-75
32210718-10	2020	Western blot analysis showed that adenine reduced expression of cyclin A/D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2 and upregulated p53, p21, Bax, PUMA, and NOXA in HepG2 cell.	Adenine	34-41	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	80-110
32210718-10	2020	Western blot analysis showed that adenine reduced expression of cyclin A/D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2 and upregulated p53, p21, Bax, PUMA, and NOXA in HepG2 cell.	Adenine	34-41	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	127-130
32210718-10	2020	Western blot analysis showed that adenine reduced expression of cyclin A/D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2 and upregulated p53, p21, Bax, PUMA, and NOXA in HepG2 cell.	Adenine	34-41	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Homo sapiens	132-135
32210718-10	2020	Western blot analysis showed that adenine reduced expression of cyclin A/D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2 and upregulated p53, p21, Bax, PUMA, and NOXA in HepG2 cell.	Adenine	34-41	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	137-140
32210718-10	2020	Western blot analysis showed that adenine reduced expression of cyclin A/D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2 and upregulated p53, p21, Bax, PUMA, and NOXA in HepG2 cell.	Adenine	34-41	BCL2 binding component 3	Homo sapiens	142-146
32210718-10	2020	Western blot analysis showed that adenine reduced expression of cyclin A/D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2 and upregulated p53, p21, Bax, PUMA, and NOXA in HepG2 cell.	Adenine	34-41	phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1	Homo sapiens	152-156
32210718-11	2020	Moreover, adenine induced AMPK activation that was involved in the p53-associated apoptotic cascade in HepG2 cells.	Adenine	10-17	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	26-30
32210718-11	2020	Moreover, adenine induced AMPK activation that was involved in the p53-associated apoptotic cascade in HepG2 cells.	Adenine	10-17	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	67-70
32210718-12	2020	Inhibition of AMPK activation or knockdown of AMPK restored the decreased cell growth of HepG2 and SK-Hep-1 cells in response to adenine.	Adenine	129-136	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	14-18
32210718-12	2020	Inhibition of AMPK activation or knockdown of AMPK restored the decreased cell growth of HepG2 and SK-Hep-1 cells in response to adenine.	Adenine	129-136	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	46-50
32210718-13	2020	Conclusions: These findings reveal that adenine reduces the cell growth of HepG2 and SK-Hep-1 but not Hep3B cells, attributing to the AMPK/p53-mediated S phase arrest and apoptosis.	Adenine	40-47	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	134-138
32210718-13	2020	Conclusions: These findings reveal that adenine reduces the cell growth of HepG2 and SK-Hep-1 but not Hep3B cells, attributing to the AMPK/p53-mediated S phase arrest and apoptosis.	Adenine	40-47	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	139-142
32210718-14	2020	It suggests that adenine has anticancer potential against p53-wild type HCC cells and may be beneficial as an adjuvant for HCC treatment.	Adenine	17-24	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	58-61
32089644-6	2020	Conversely, the amount of IL-10 was lower in the adenovirus Ade-HIF-1alpha group compared with the sepsis model group and the Ade-control group.	Adenine	60-63	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	26-31
32089644-6	2020	Conversely, the amount of IL-10 was lower in the adenovirus Ade-HIF-1alpha group compared with the sepsis model group and the Ade-control group.	Adenine	60-63	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	64-74
32089644-9	2020	The expression of the proteins HIF-1alpha and STAT3 was increased, and the PD-L1 protein was decreased with the adenovirus Ade-HIF-1alpha administration compared with the rats without Ade-HIF-1alpha injection and with the Ade-control injection.	Adenine	123-126	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	75-80
32089644-9	2020	The expression of the proteins HIF-1alpha and STAT3 was increased, and the PD-L1 protein was decreased with the adenovirus Ade-HIF-1alpha administration compared with the rats without Ade-HIF-1alpha injection and with the Ade-control injection.	Adenine	123-126	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	127-137
32089644-9	2020	The expression of the proteins HIF-1alpha and STAT3 was increased, and the PD-L1 protein was decreased with the adenovirus Ade-HIF-1alpha administration compared with the rats without Ade-HIF-1alpha injection and with the Ade-control injection.	Adenine	123-126	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	127-137
32184703-0	2020	Recombinant Erythropoietin Provides Protection against Renal Fibrosis in Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease.	Adenine	73-80	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	12-26
32184703-5	2020	The present study explored the effects of rEPO to prevent renal fibrosis in adenine-induced chronic kidney disease (Ad-CKD) and their association with the expression of the heterodimer EPOR/betacR.	Adenine	76-83	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	42-46
32111063-1	2020	Purines are nitrogen compounds consisting mainly of a nitrogen base of adenine (ABP) or guanine (GBP) and their derivatives: nucleosides (nitrogen bases plus ribose) and nucleotides (nitrogen bases plus ribose and phosphate).	Adenine	71-78	amine oxidase copper containing 1	Homo sapiens	80-83
31614271-1	2020	In this colorimetric assay for sensitive detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA) tumor marker, adsorbed non-thiolated poly-Adenine aptamer (polyA Apt) on the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) surface was used.	Adenine	123-135	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	81-84
31923807-3	2020	Recent studies showed that replication-dependent repair of an ICL derived from the reaction of an abasic (AP) site with an adenine residue (dA) on the opposing strand of duplex DNA proceeds via a novel mechanism in which the DNA glycosylase NEIL3 unhooks the ICL.	Adenine	123-130	nei like 3 (E. coli)	Mus musculus	241-246
31600844-5	2020	Negative candidate screening of known nuclear genes associated with PEO prompted diagnostic exome sequencing, leading to the prioritisation of a novel heterozygous c.547G>C variant in GMPR (NM_006877.3) encoding guanosine monophosphate reductase, a cytosolic enzyme required for maintaining the cellular balance of adenine and guanine nucleotides.	Adenine	315-322	guanosine monophosphate reductase	Homo sapiens	184-188
32831244-3	2020	In this work, the [AdH]6[V10O28].4(H2O) (1) supramolecular structure is introduced using adenine and decavanadate moieties that allow probing of selectivity to specific nucleic acid binding events by optical changes.	Adenine	89-96	alcohol dehydrogenase 1A (class I), alpha polypeptide	Homo sapiens	19-22
31916313-5	2020	CD81 exosome marker-normalized ADE levels of classical pathway C4b, alternative pathway factor D and Bb, lectin pathway mannose-binding lectin (MBL), and shared neurotoxic effectors C3b and C5b-9 terminal C complex were significantly higher and those of C regulatory proteins CR1 and CD59 were lower in the first week of acute sTBI (n = 12) than in controls (n = 12).	Adenine	31-34	complement C4B (Chido blood group)	Homo sapiens	63-66
31916313-5	2020	CD81 exosome marker-normalized ADE levels of classical pathway C4b, alternative pathway factor D and Bb, lectin pathway mannose-binding lectin (MBL), and shared neurotoxic effectors C3b and C5b-9 terminal C complex were significantly higher and those of C regulatory proteins CR1 and CD59 were lower in the first week of acute sTBI (n = 12) than in controls (n = 12).	Adenine	31-34	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	144-147
31916313-5	2020	CD81 exosome marker-normalized ADE levels of classical pathway C4b, alternative pathway factor D and Bb, lectin pathway mannose-binding lectin (MBL), and shared neurotoxic effectors C3b and C5b-9 terminal C complex were significantly higher and those of C regulatory proteins CR1 and CD59 were lower in the first week of acute sTBI (n = 12) than in controls (n = 12).	Adenine	31-34	complement C3	Homo sapiens	182-185
31916313-5	2020	CD81 exosome marker-normalized ADE levels of classical pathway C4b, alternative pathway factor D and Bb, lectin pathway mannose-binding lectin (MBL), and shared neurotoxic effectors C3b and C5b-9 terminal C complex were significantly higher and those of C regulatory proteins CR1 and CD59 were lower in the first week of acute sTBI (n = 12) than in controls (n = 12).	Adenine	31-34	complement C3b/C4b receptor 1 (Knops blood group)	Homo sapiens	276-279
31916313-7	2020	In contrast, significant elevations of ADE levels of C4b, factor D, Bb, MBL, C3b and C5b-9 terminal C complex, and depressions of CR1 and CD59 relative to those of controls were observed after 1-4 years in early chronic mtTBI (n = 10) and persisted for decades except for normalization of Bb, MBL, and CD59 in late chronic mtTBI (n = 15).	Adenine	39-42	complement C4B (Chido blood group)	Homo sapiens	53-66
31916313-7	2020	In contrast, significant elevations of ADE levels of C4b, factor D, Bb, MBL, C3b and C5b-9 terminal C complex, and depressions of CR1 and CD59 relative to those of controls were observed after 1-4 years in early chronic mtTBI (n = 10) and persisted for decades except for normalization of Bb, MBL, and CD59 in late chronic mtTBI (n = 15).	Adenine	39-42	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	72-75
31916313-7	2020	In contrast, significant elevations of ADE levels of C4b, factor D, Bb, MBL, C3b and C5b-9 terminal C complex, and depressions of CR1 and CD59 relative to those of controls were observed after 1-4 years in early chronic mtTBI (n = 10) and persisted for decades except for normalization of Bb, MBL, and CD59 in late chronic mtTBI (n = 15).	Adenine	39-42	complement C3	Homo sapiens	77-80
31978345-3	2020	We report that FAMIN phosphorolytically cleaves adenosine into adenine and ribose-1-phosphate.	Adenine	63-70	laccase domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	15-20
31437443-4	2020	To overcome these limitations, we applied an A T G C adenine base editor (ABE) to correct two different COL7A1 mutations in primary fibroblasts derived from RDEB patients.	Adenine	53-60	collagen type VII alpha 1 chain	Homo sapiens	104-110
32023824-3	2020	Uric acid and calcium-phosphate metabolism were modulated after 5/6 nephrectomy, while ETA blocker and calcimimetic were given with adenine.	Adenine	132-139	endothelin receptor type A	Rattus norvegicus	87-90
32023824-7	2020	In the adenine model, kidney ETA protein was reduced by ~70%, while ETB protein was suppressed by ~95%, and the ETB:ETA ratio was reduced by ~85%, both at the protein and mRNA levels.	Adenine	7-14	endothelin receptor type A	Rattus norvegicus	29-32
32023824-7	2020	In the adenine model, kidney ETA protein was reduced by ~70%, while ETB protein was suppressed by ~95%, and the ETB:ETA ratio was reduced by ~85%, both at the protein and mRNA levels.	Adenine	7-14	endothelin receptor type B	Rattus norvegicus	68-71
32023824-7	2020	In the adenine model, kidney ETA protein was reduced by ~70%, while ETB protein was suppressed by ~95%, and the ETB:ETA ratio was reduced by ~85%, both at the protein and mRNA levels.	Adenine	7-14	endothelin receptor type B	Rattus norvegicus	112-115
32023824-7	2020	In the adenine model, kidney ETA protein was reduced by ~70%, while ETB protein was suppressed by ~95%, and the ETB:ETA ratio was reduced by ~85%, both at the protein and mRNA levels.	Adenine	7-14	endothelin receptor type A	Rattus norvegicus	116-119
31733060-7	2020	Like 5mC, methylation at the sixth position of adenine (6mA) in the AAC element also inhibits the interaction between WER and its target DNA.	Adenine	47-54	myb domain protein 66	Arabidopsis thaliana	118-121
32933312-5	2020	In adenine and potassium oxonate-induced mice, EASM and Tan-IIA treatment alleviated renal dysfunction and downregulated the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).	Adenine	3-10	ATPase, class II, type 9A	Mus musculus	60-63
32933312-5	2020	In adenine and potassium oxonate-induced mice, EASM and Tan-IIA treatment alleviated renal dysfunction and downregulated the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).	Adenine	3-10	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	139-155
32098918-0	2020	Yeast glutaredoxin, GRX4, functions as a glutathione S-transferase required for red ade pigment formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.	Adenine	84-87	monothiol glutaredoxin GRX4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	20-24
31758181-6	2020	Upon adenine-rich diet-induced renal injury, a model of chronic kidney disease, both mice showed increased levels of plasma FGF23.	Adenine	5-12	fibroblast growth factor 23	Mus musculus	124-129
32098918-1	2020	The adenine biosynthetic mutants ade1 and ade2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae accumulate a characteristic red pigment in their vacuoles under adenine limiting conditions.	Adenine	4-11	phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	33-37
32098918-1	2020	The adenine biosynthetic mutants ade1 and ade2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae accumulate a characteristic red pigment in their vacuoles under adenine limiting conditions.	Adenine	4-11	phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase ADE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	42-46
32098918-1	2020	The adenine biosynthetic mutants ade1 and ade2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae accumulate a characteristic red pigment in their vacuoles under adenine limiting conditions.	Adenine	139-146	phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	33-37
32098918-1	2020	The adenine biosynthetic mutants ade1 and ade2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae accumulate a characteristic red pigment in their vacuoles under adenine limiting conditions.	Adenine	139-146	phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase ADE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	42-46
32098918-5	2020	GRX4 plays multiple roles in the cell, and we show that the role in ade pigmentation does not derive from its regulatory role of the iron transcription factor, Aft1p, but a newly identified GST activity of the protein that we could demonstrate using purified Grx4p.	Adenine	68-71	monothiol glutaredoxin GRX4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-4
32098918-5	2020	GRX4 plays multiple roles in the cell, and we show that the role in ade pigmentation does not derive from its regulatory role of the iron transcription factor, Aft1p, but a newly identified GST activity of the protein that we could demonstrate using purified Grx4p.	Adenine	68-71	DNA-binding transcription factor AFT1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	160-165
32098918-5	2020	GRX4 plays multiple roles in the cell, and we show that the role in ade pigmentation does not derive from its regulatory role of the iron transcription factor, Aft1p, but a newly identified GST activity of the protein that we could demonstrate using purified Grx4p.	Adenine	68-71	monothiol glutaredoxin GRX4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	259-264
31783892-3	2019	Considering that the codon of Asparagine is aac or aat, we wondered if the adenine base editor (ABE), which induces a t to g c conversion at specific site, could be used to reduce PD-1 suppression by changing the glycosylated residue in CAR-T cells.	Adenine	75-82	CXADR Ig-like cell adhesion molecule	Sus scrofa	237-240
31949466-8	2019	Moreover, the YQHX treatment downregulated the expression levels of fibronectin, type I collagen, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and TGF-beta1 in the adenine rats.	Adenine	146-153	actin gamma 2, smooth muscle	Rattus norvegicus	81-123
31949466-8	2019	Moreover, the YQHX treatment downregulated the expression levels of fibronectin, type I collagen, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and TGF-beta1 in the adenine rats.	Adenine	146-153	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	129-138
31392929-0	2019	The anti-inflammatory function of adenine occurs through AMPK activation and its downstream transcriptional regulation in THP-1 cells.	Adenine	34-41	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	57-61
31392929-5	2019	Here, adenine was found to significantly inhibit the secretion of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 in THP-1 cells.	Adenine	6-13	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	124-133
31392929-5	2019	Here, adenine was found to significantly inhibit the secretion of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 in THP-1 cells.	Adenine	6-13	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	135-143
31392929-5	2019	Here, adenine was found to significantly inhibit the secretion of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 in THP-1 cells.	Adenine	6-13	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	148-152
31392929-9	2019	Results also showed that adenine can activate AMPK and its multiple downstream targets.	Adenine	25-32	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	46-50
31392929-11	2019	Our data indicate that the anti-inflammatory mechanism of adenine may involve adenine phosphoribosyltransferase-catalyzed intracellular AMP elevation, which stimulates AMPK activation.	Adenine	58-65	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	168-172
31636429-4	2019	The solution structure of the RNA duplex formed following 5" splice site recognition in the presence of the splicing modifier revealed that the drug specifically stabilizes a bulged adenine at this exon-intron junction and converts the weak 5" splice site of SMN2 exon 7 into a stronger one.	Adenine	182-189	survival of motor neuron 2, centromeric	Homo sapiens	259-263
32505451-2	2020	This variant consists of a transversion of thymine (T) by adenine (A) that at the level of the Polycystin 1 protein produces a change of leucine (Leu / L) by Glutamine (Gln / Q) in position 2431 (p.Leu2431Gln).	Adenine	58-65	polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting	Homo sapiens	95-107
31885874-0	2019	Human MettL3-MettL14 complex is a sequence-specific DNA adenine methyltransferase active on single-strand and unpaired DNA in vitro.	Adenine	56-63	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	6-12
31885874-0	2019	Human MettL3-MettL14 complex is a sequence-specific DNA adenine methyltransferase active on single-strand and unpaired DNA in vitro.	Adenine	56-63	methyltransferase 14, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase subunit	Homo sapiens	13-20
31949455-2	2019	We aimed to find a link between polymorphisms on the androgen receptor gene (including the number of triple sequences of cytosine, adenine, and guanine [CAG] and guanine-guanine-cytosine [GGC]) and response to treatment with finasteride in male patients.	Adenine	131-138	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	53-70
31915448-0	2019	Siwu Granules and Erythropoietin Synergistically Ameliorated Anemia in Adenine-Induced Chronic Renal Failure Rats.	Adenine	71-78	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	18-32
31598684-5	2019	Specifically, phosphorylation of S80 reduces the binding of p50 at kappaB sites with an adenine at the -1 position.	Adenine	88-95	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	60-63
31064011-2	2019	Anti-fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) antibody has been proposed to ameliorate adenine-induced abnormal FGF23/phosphate metabolism.	Adenine	83-90	fibroblast growth factor 23	Gallus gallus	5-32
31675205-3	2019	To this end, a zinc(II)-based CP (ZnCP) with adenine as a bridge ligand was employed to integrate with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and anticarcinoembryonic antigen (anti-CEA) antibody, which produces ALP/anti-CEA@ZnCPs.	Adenine	45-52	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	103-123
31675205-3	2019	To this end, a zinc(II)-based CP (ZnCP) with adenine as a bridge ligand was employed to integrate with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and anticarcinoembryonic antigen (anti-CEA) antibody, which produces ALP/anti-CEA@ZnCPs.	Adenine	45-52	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	125-128
31714893-9	2019	In a mouse model of adenine diet-induced CKD, TG NPs and KIM-1-TG NPs ameliorated renal injury through the stimulation of ER stress and its downstream pathways.	Adenine	20-27	hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1	Mus musculus	57-62
31388977-2	2019	Recent studies have shown that a transition mutation resulting in substitutions of guanine by adenine in the DGAT1 gene in cattle has considerable effects on milk yield and composition.	Adenine	94-101	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Bos taurus	109-114
31472336-7	2019	The TOCl from adenine increased by 50.0% (from 9.2 to 18.4 mug Cl L-1) but byproduct generation was 11.0% less after 30 min of UV/chlorine pretreatment followed by 24 h of chlorination.	Adenine	14-21	collectin subfamily member 10	Homo sapiens	63-69
31461346-7	2019	Renal expression of HIF-1alpha was less after 7 days of adenine treatment than after vehicle treatment while expression of HIF-2alpha did not differ significantly between the two groups.Renal dysfunction was evident after 7 days of adenine treatment, with glomerular filtration rate 65% less and serum creatinine concentration 183% greater in adenine-treated than vehicle-treated rats.	Adenine	56-63	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	20-30
31505270-2	2019	Adenine misincorporated opposite to 8-oxoG during replication is excised by MutY homolog (MUTYH), an important protein of the base excision repair (BER) system.	Adenine	0-7	mutY DNA glycosylase	Mus musculus	90-95
31588916-6	2019	We concluded that nicorandil has a potential protective effect against the vascular and renal impairment induced by adenine, which might be due to attenuation of vascular calcifications, activation of Nrf2 and eNOS genes in aortic tissues.	Adenine	116-123	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	201-205
31588916-6	2019	We concluded that nicorandil has a potential protective effect against the vascular and renal impairment induced by adenine, which might be due to attenuation of vascular calcifications, activation of Nrf2 and eNOS genes in aortic tissues.	Adenine	116-123	nitric oxide synthase 3	Rattus norvegicus	210-214
29209987-3	2019	MUTYH complements OGG1 as it particularly remove adenine mispaired with 8-oxo-G.	Adenine	49-56	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	0-5
29209987-3	2019	MUTYH complements OGG1 as it particularly remove adenine mispaired with 8-oxo-G.	Adenine	49-56	8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	18-22
31111951-4	2019	Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of genes encoding melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R), calpain 1 (CAPN1), and adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) on body weight, muscle fiber, and content of purine and its derivatives (i.e., adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine), to develop molecular markers for breeding programs.	Adenine	232-239	melanocortin 4 receptor	Gallus gallus	68-91
31111951-4	2019	Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of genes encoding melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R), calpain 1 (CAPN1), and adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) on body weight, muscle fiber, and content of purine and its derivatives (i.e., adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine), to develop molecular markers for breeding programs.	Adenine	232-239	adenylosuccinate lyase	Gallus gallus	147-151
31064011-2	2019	Anti-fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) antibody has been proposed to ameliorate adenine-induced abnormal FGF23/phosphate metabolism.	Adenine	83-90	fibroblast growth factor 23	Gallus gallus	34-40
31064011-2	2019	Anti-fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) antibody has been proposed to ameliorate adenine-induced abnormal FGF23/phosphate metabolism.	Adenine	83-90	fibroblast growth factor 23	Gallus gallus	108-113
31064011-3	2019	This experiment was conducted to investigate the application of anti-FGF-23 antibody in adenine-gavaged laying hens.	Adenine	88-95	fibroblast growth factor 23	Gallus gallus	69-75
31064011-5	2019	Adenine gavage increased (P <= 0.01) plasma phosphate and calcium levels and tended to increase (0.05 < P <= 0.1) plasma 1,25-dihydroxy-cholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D3] level of hens without FGF-23 antibody.	Adenine	0-7	fibroblast growth factor 23	Gallus gallus	188-194
31064011-6	2019	In hen with anti-FGF-23 antibody, adenine gavage increased (P <= 0.01) body weight and plasma calcium level and decreased (P <= 0.05) plasma FGF-23 level.	Adenine	34-41	fibroblast growth factor 23	Gallus gallus	17-23
31064011-6	2019	In hen with anti-FGF-23 antibody, adenine gavage increased (P <= 0.01) body weight and plasma calcium level and decreased (P <= 0.05) plasma FGF-23 level.	Adenine	34-41	fibroblast growth factor 23	Gallus gallus	141-147
31064011-8	2019	Anti-FGF-23 antibody tended to increase (0.05 < P <= 0.1) plasma phosphorus level of hens before adenine gavage, interestingly, and decreased (P <= 0.01) plasma FGF-23 level and kidney index (% of body weight) of hens after adenine gavage.	Adenine	97-104	fibroblast growth factor 23	Gallus gallus	5-11
31064011-8	2019	Anti-FGF-23 antibody tended to increase (0.05 < P <= 0.1) plasma phosphorus level of hens before adenine gavage, interestingly, and decreased (P <= 0.01) plasma FGF-23 level and kidney index (% of body weight) of hens after adenine gavage.	Adenine	224-231	fibroblast growth factor 23	Gallus gallus	5-11
31064011-9	2019	In conclusion, anti-FGF-23 antibody might be used (before or in the early stage) to delay the development of adenine-induced abnormal FGF23/phosphate metabolism.	Adenine	109-116	fibroblast growth factor 23	Gallus gallus	20-26
31064011-9	2019	In conclusion, anti-FGF-23 antibody might be used (before or in the early stage) to delay the development of adenine-induced abnormal FGF23/phosphate metabolism.	Adenine	109-116	fibroblast growth factor 23	Gallus gallus	134-139
31435651-5	2019	Furthermore, Pol mu exhibits a strong preference for mutagenic bypass of 8OG by insertion of adenine.	Adenine	93-100	DNA polymerase mu	Homo sapiens	13-19
31369919-5	2019	RESULTS: Ade novo nucleotide change (c.566 T &gt; A; p.(Met189Lys)) in exon 4 of the BSCL2 gene was detected in the 2 siblings, and confirmed by Sanger sequencing.	Adenine	9-12	BSCL2 lipid droplet biogenesis associated, seipin	Homo sapiens	85-90
31203172-1	2019	MUTYH is a base-excision repair glycosylase that removes adenine opposite 8-oxoguanine (OG).	Adenine	57-64	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	0-5
31348762-3	2019	Gene testing reveals our patient is compound heterozygous for novel AQP2 gene mutations with a cytosine-to-thymine substitution at nucleotide position 277 and adenine-to-cytosine substitution at nucleotide position 659.	Adenine	159-166	aquaporin 2	Homo sapiens	68-72
31178489-4	2019	A genetic analysis revealed a base pair substitution of adenine to cytosine in the second codon of exon 4, residue 114, in the TTR gene (c.401A>C).	Adenine	56-63	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	127-130
31611925-9	2019	The data showed that adenine activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling contributing to autophagic cell death through mTOR in both colon cancer cell lines.	Adenine	21-28	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	131-135
31611925-11	2019	Anticancer activity of adenine in colon cancer cells is attributable to the activation of apoptotic signaling and in turn the AMPK/mTOR pathway.	Adenine	23-30	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	131-135
31276580-4	2019	In this work, rational mutation studies locate a catalytic adenine residue, A22, in NaH1, while previous studies found a guanine (G23) to be important for the catalysis of NaA43.	Adenine	59-66	immunoglobulin kappa variable 3-25 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	76-79
31636954-0	2019	Targeted exon skipping with AAV-mediated split adenine base editors.	Adenine	47-54	adeno-associated virus integration site 1	Homo sapiens	28-31
31160323-2	2019	In humans, APRT (hAPRT) is the only enzyme known to produce AMP in cells from dietary adenine.	Adenine	86-93	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	11-15
31160323-2	2019	In humans, APRT (hAPRT) is the only enzyme known to produce AMP in cells from dietary adenine.	Adenine	86-93	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	17-22
31160323-3	2019	APRT can also process adenine analogs, which are involved in plant development or neuronal homeostasis.	Adenine	22-29	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-4
31279659-3	2019	Here, we demonstrate that m6Am is an evolutionarily conserved mRNA modification mediated by the Phosphorylated CTD Interacting Factor 1 (PCIF1), which catalyzes m6A methylation on 2-O-methylated adenine located at the 5" ends of mRNAs.	Adenine	195-202	phosphorylated CTD interacting factor 1	Homo sapiens	96-135
31279659-3	2019	Here, we demonstrate that m6Am is an evolutionarily conserved mRNA modification mediated by the Phosphorylated CTD Interacting Factor 1 (PCIF1), which catalyzes m6A methylation on 2-O-methylated adenine located at the 5" ends of mRNAs.	Adenine	195-202	phosphorylated CTD interacting factor 1	Homo sapiens	137-142
31125827-1	2019	HYPOTHESIS: Invoking cooperative assembly of the uracil-functionalized supramolecular polymer BU-PPG [uracil end-capped poly(propylene glycol)] upon association with the nucleobase adenine derivative A-MA [methyl 3-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propanoate] as a model drug provides a new concept to control and tune the properties of supramolecular complexes and holds significant potential for the development of safer, more effective drug delivery systems.	Adenine	181-188	serglycin	Homo sapiens	97-100
31125827-2	2019	EXPERIMENTS: BU-PPG and A-MA were successfully developed and exhibited specific recognition and high affinity, which enabled reversible complementary adenine-uracil (A-U) hydrogen bonding-induced formation of spherical micelles in aqueous solution.	Adenine	150-157	serglycin	Homo sapiens	16-19
31477750-7	2019	Metabolomic analysis revealed that HSP60 silencing resulted in a more than 100-fold increase in cellular adenine levels, leading to increased adenosine monophosphate and an activated AMPK pathway, and consequently reduced mTORC1-mediated S6K and 4EBP1 phosphorylation to inhibit protein synthesis that suppressed the proliferation of OC cells.	Adenine	105-112	heat shock protein 1 (chaperonin)	Mus musculus	35-40
31477750-7	2019	Metabolomic analysis revealed that HSP60 silencing resulted in a more than 100-fold increase in cellular adenine levels, leading to increased adenosine monophosphate and an activated AMPK pathway, and consequently reduced mTORC1-mediated S6K and 4EBP1 phosphorylation to inhibit protein synthesis that suppressed the proliferation of OC cells.	Adenine	105-112	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	222-228
31477750-7	2019	Metabolomic analysis revealed that HSP60 silencing resulted in a more than 100-fold increase in cellular adenine levels, leading to increased adenosine monophosphate and an activated AMPK pathway, and consequently reduced mTORC1-mediated S6K and 4EBP1 phosphorylation to inhibit protein synthesis that suppressed the proliferation of OC cells.	Adenine	105-112	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	247-251
31438839-4	2019	RESULTS: In non-purine-analog XOR inhibitor-treated groups, renal concentrations of high-energy phosphates were greater before and after I/R injury, and renal adenine compounds were less depleted by I/R injury than in the vehicle and allopurinol groups.	Adenine	159-166	xanthine dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	30-33
31006718-3	2019	The high selectivity for Hg2+ ion in this study can be obtained using a thymine-Hg2+-thymine pair, which is more stable than the adenine-thymine base pair in DNA.	Adenine	129-136	polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting pseudogene 2	Homo sapiens	25-28
31146971-8	2019	Furthermore, interstitial deposition of complement C1q was decreased in ICA-treated mice fed an adenine-enriched diet.	Adenine	96-103	complement component 1, q subcomponent, alpha polypeptide	Mus musculus	51-54
31057087-3	2019	The adenylyltransferase Gld2 catalyses the post-transcriptional addition of a single adenine residue (A + 1) to the 3"-end of miR-122, enhancing its stability.	Adenine	85-92	terminal nucleotidyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	24-28
31057087-3	2019	The adenylyltransferase Gld2 catalyses the post-transcriptional addition of a single adenine residue (A + 1) to the 3"-end of miR-122, enhancing its stability.	Adenine	85-92	microRNA 122	Homo sapiens	126-133
31277597-1	2019	BACKGROUND: The mitochondrial genotype 5178 cytosine/adenine (5178 C > A) within the NADH dehydrogenase subunit-2 gene (ND2) was proved to associate with longevity and predispose resistance to adult-onset diseases.	Adenine	53-60	mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 2	Homo sapiens	85-113
31308217-0	2019	PBI-4050 via GPR40 activation improves adenine-induced kidney injury in mice.	Adenine	39-46	free fatty acid receptor 1	Mus musculus	13-18
31308217-9	2019	In parallel, Gpr40-/- mice were more susceptible to adenine-induced fibrosis, renal function impairment, anemia and ER stress compared with WT mice.	Adenine	52-59	free fatty acid receptor 1	Mus musculus	13-18
31277597-1	2019	BACKGROUND: The mitochondrial genotype 5178 cytosine/adenine (5178 C > A) within the NADH dehydrogenase subunit-2 gene (ND2) was proved to associate with longevity and predispose resistance to adult-onset diseases.	Adenine	53-60	mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 2	Homo sapiens	120-123
30672316-3	2019	Previously, we have shown that PAR2-mediated inflammation aggravates kidney injury in models of diabetic kidney disease and adenine-induced renal fibrosis.	Adenine	124-131	coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor-like 1	Mus musculus	31-35
31181567-3	2019	For example, the cytosine deaminase APOBEC1-which is used in cytosine base editors (CBEs)-targets both DNA and RNA12, and the adenine deaminase TadA-which is used in adenine base editors (ABEs)-induces site-specific inosine formation on RNA9,11.	Adenine	126-133	apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	36-43
31083967-6	2019	These excess molecules disturb the metabolism of adenine-, cytosine-, and thymine-based nucleotides; subsequently inhibit the DNA synthesis and cell growth; and eventually result in the apoptosis/death of GDA deficient cells.	Adenine	49-56	guanine deaminase	Homo sapiens	205-208
31150930-1	2019	The human proinsulin gene (INS) contains a thymine-to-adenine variant (rs689) located in the 3" splice site (3" ss) recognition motif of the first intron.	Adenine	54-61	insulin	Homo sapiens	10-20
30726718-0	2019	Chronic kidney disease induced by an adenine rich diet upregulates integrin linked kinase (ILK) and its depletion prevents the disease progression.	Adenine	37-44	integrin linked kinase	Mus musculus	67-89
30726718-0	2019	Chronic kidney disease induced by an adenine rich diet upregulates integrin linked kinase (ILK) and its depletion prevents the disease progression.	Adenine	37-44	integrin linked kinase	Mus musculus	91-94
30726718-5	2019	We induced an experimental CKD model, based on an adenine-supplemented diet on adult wild-type (WT) and ILK-depleted mice, with a tubulointerstitial damage profile resembling that is observed in human CKD.	Adenine	50-57	integrin linked kinase	Mus musculus	104-107
30726718-9	2019	In adenine-fed transgenic ILK-depleted mice, all these changes were prevented.	Adenine	3-10	integrin linked kinase	Mus musculus	26-29
30726718-11	2019	In this scenario, two weeks after the establishment of adenine-induced CKD, ILK was abrogated in WT mice and stabilized renal damage, avoiding CKD progression.	Adenine	55-62	integrin linked kinase	Mus musculus	76-79
30957186-5	2019	Genetic screening was performed, and the boy and his sister exhibited two novel compound heterozygous mutations in the branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 subunit beta (BCKDHB) gene: A substitution from guanine to adenine in the coding region at position 1,076 (c.1,076G&gt;A) in exon 10 and a deletion of a thymine at position 705 (c.705delT) in exon 6.	Adenine	220-227	branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 subunit beta	Homo sapiens	119-173
30957186-5	2019	Genetic screening was performed, and the boy and his sister exhibited two novel compound heterozygous mutations in the branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 subunit beta (BCKDHB) gene: A substitution from guanine to adenine in the coding region at position 1,076 (c.1,076G&gt;A) in exon 10 and a deletion of a thymine at position 705 (c.705delT) in exon 6.	Adenine	220-227	branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 subunit beta	Homo sapiens	175-181
30838870-3	2019	Since excessive collagen deposition is the key feature of fibrosis, the present study aimed to examine whether CaSR was involved in the regulation of collagen expression in rats with adenine diet-induced renal fibrosis and in profibrotic transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1-treated renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs).	Adenine	183-190	calcium-sensing receptor	Rattus norvegicus	111-115
30838870-4	2019	The results showed that the CaSR agonist cinacalcet significantly attenuated renal collagen accumulation and tubular injury in adenine diet-fed rats.	Adenine	127-134	calcium-sensing receptor	Rattus norvegicus	28-32
30698731-3	2019	MUTYH DNA glycosylase is responsible for recognizing and removing the adenine from 8-oxoG:adenine (8-oxoG:A) sites.	Adenine	70-77	mutY DNA glycosylase	Mus musculus	0-5
30698731-3	2019	MUTYH DNA glycosylase is responsible for recognizing and removing the adenine from 8-oxoG:adenine (8-oxoG:A) sites.	Adenine	90-97	mutY DNA glycosylase	Mus musculus	0-5
31535629-0	2019	Adenine decreases hypertrophic effects through interleukin-18 receptor.	Adenine	0-7	interleukin 18	Rattus norvegicus	47-61
31535629-8	2019	The mRNA expression of IL-18R in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts, which was induced by IL-18, increased significantly after 8 h, and the protein level increased significantly after 15 h. Morphological examination of H9c2 cardiomyoblasts showed that cell volume and cell diameter decreased after adenine pretreatment.	Adenine	284-291	interleukin 18	Rattus norvegicus	23-28
31535629-11	2019	Treatment with adenine, but not AuNPs, reduced the levels of phosphorylated p38 and PI3 kinase expression more effectively than did treatment with the respective inhibitors alone.	Adenine	15-22	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	76-79
30910793-12	2019	ENBT1 also mediated adenine-sensitive efflux of 6-MP from the SLC43A3-HEK293 cells.	Adenine	20-27	solute carrier family 43 member 3	Homo sapiens	62-69
31111133-1	2019	The new concept of modifying and tailoring the properties of existing two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials by invoking the assembly of supramolecular networks upon association with a adenine-functionalized macromer (A-PPG) has significant potential to facilitate the development of highly water-dispersible few-layered 2D nanosheets.	Adenine	181-188	serglycin	Homo sapiens	216-219
30590615-8	2019	As GRP75 levels are decreased in multiple cell types of FRDA patients, restoring GRP75 might be effective in treating both typical FRDA patients with two guanine-adenine-adenine repeat expansions and compound heterozygous patients with point mutations.	Adenine	162-169	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 9	Homo sapiens	81-86
30590615-8	2019	As GRP75 levels are decreased in multiple cell types of FRDA patients, restoring GRP75 might be effective in treating both typical FRDA patients with two guanine-adenine-adenine repeat expansions and compound heterozygous patients with point mutations.	Adenine	170-177	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 9	Homo sapiens	81-86
30962178-5	2019	In particular, we uncover that the TRA2A and TRA2B splicing factors that bind to adenine-rich motifs promote the inclusion of adenine-rich exons coding preferentially for hydrophilic amino acids that correspond to adenine-rich codons.	Adenine	81-88	transformer 2 alpha homolog	Homo sapiens	35-40
30962178-5	2019	In particular, we uncover that the TRA2A and TRA2B splicing factors that bind to adenine-rich motifs promote the inclusion of adenine-rich exons coding preferentially for hydrophilic amino acids that correspond to adenine-rich codons.	Adenine	81-88	transformer 2 beta homolog	Homo sapiens	45-50
30962178-5	2019	In particular, we uncover that the TRA2A and TRA2B splicing factors that bind to adenine-rich motifs promote the inclusion of adenine-rich exons coding preferentially for hydrophilic amino acids that correspond to adenine-rich codons.	Adenine	126-133	transformer 2 alpha homolog	Homo sapiens	35-40
30962178-5	2019	In particular, we uncover that the TRA2A and TRA2B splicing factors that bind to adenine-rich motifs promote the inclusion of adenine-rich exons coding preferentially for hydrophilic amino acids that correspond to adenine-rich codons.	Adenine	126-133	transformer 2 beta homolog	Homo sapiens	45-50
30962178-5	2019	In particular, we uncover that the TRA2A and TRA2B splicing factors that bind to adenine-rich motifs promote the inclusion of adenine-rich exons coding preferentially for hydrophilic amino acids that correspond to adenine-rich codons.	Adenine	126-133	transformer 2 alpha homolog	Homo sapiens	35-40
30962178-5	2019	In particular, we uncover that the TRA2A and TRA2B splicing factors that bind to adenine-rich motifs promote the inclusion of adenine-rich exons coding preferentially for hydrophilic amino acids that correspond to adenine-rich codons.	Adenine	126-133	transformer 2 beta homolog	Homo sapiens	45-50
30336267-3	2019	The m.7505A &gt; G variant affected the highly conserved adenine at position 11 (A11), disrupted the highly conserved A11-U24 base-pairing of DHU stem of tRNASer(UCN) and introduced a tertiary base pairing (G11-C56) with the C56 in the TPsiC loop.	Adenine	57-64	urocortin	Homo sapiens	162-165
31100039-3	2019	Whole-exome sequencing of the infant along with his parents revealed a novel nucleotide variant (cytosine to adenine substitution at nucleotide position 252) in the coding region of the interleukin 2 receptor subunit gamma (IL2RG) gene.	Adenine	109-116	interleukin 2 receptor subunit gamma	Homo sapiens	186-222
31100039-3	2019	Whole-exome sequencing of the infant along with his parents revealed a novel nucleotide variant (cytosine to adenine substitution at nucleotide position 252) in the coding region of the interleukin 2 receptor subunit gamma (IL2RG) gene.	Adenine	109-116	interleukin 2 receptor subunit gamma	Homo sapiens	224-229
30623725-8	2019	In conclusion, adenine acts on renal tubules as a signaling molecule and causes nephrogenic diabetes insipidus with salt wasting, at least, by directly interfering with AVP V2 receptor signaling with subsequent downregulation of NKCC2 and AQP2 in the kidney.	Adenine	15-22	solute carrier family 12 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	229-234
30623725-8	2019	In conclusion, adenine acts on renal tubules as a signaling molecule and causes nephrogenic diabetes insipidus with salt wasting, at least, by directly interfering with AVP V2 receptor signaling with subsequent downregulation of NKCC2 and AQP2 in the kidney.	Adenine	15-22	aquaporin 2	Rattus norvegicus	239-243
30804861-2	2019	A functional variant of the OPRM1 gene is a guanine (G) substitution for adenine (A) at the 118 position of exon 1 (A118G).	Adenine	73-80	opioid receptor, mu 1	Mus musculus	28-33
30502639-7	2019	The fabricated biosensor showed a wide linear response in a PRD concentration range of 1.0-50.0 mug mL-1 depending on both the adenine and guanine base signals.	Adenine	127-134	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	100-104
30502639-8	2019	The detection limit based on the guanine and adenine signals was 0.3 mug mL-1 and 0.25 mug mL-1, respectively.	Adenine	45-52	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	73-77
30502639-8	2019	The detection limit based on the guanine and adenine signals was 0.3 mug mL-1 and 0.25 mug mL-1, respectively.	Adenine	45-52	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	91-95
30949164-3	2019	Typically, it is associated with a point mutation with an adenine-to-guanine transition at position 3243 of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA; m.3243A&gt;G) in the mitochondrially encoded tRNA leucine 1 (MT-TL1) gene.	Adenine	58-65	mitochondrially encoded tRNA leucine 1 (UUA/G)	Homo sapiens	159-197
30949164-3	2019	Typically, it is associated with a point mutation with an adenine-to-guanine transition at position 3243 of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA; m.3243A&gt;G) in the mitochondrially encoded tRNA leucine 1 (MT-TL1) gene.	Adenine	58-65	mitochondrially encoded tRNA leucine 1 (UUA/G)	Homo sapiens	199-205
30892416-2	2019	OBJECTIVE: In this study, the relationship between osteoporotic vertebral fractures and 9041 Guanine/Adenine and 3673 Guanine/Adenine polymorphisms related to the vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit-1 (VKORC1) gene in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis was investigated.	Adenine	101-108	vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1	Homo sapiens	163-208
30892416-2	2019	OBJECTIVE: In this study, the relationship between osteoporotic vertebral fractures and 9041 Guanine/Adenine and 3673 Guanine/Adenine polymorphisms related to the vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit-1 (VKORC1) gene in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis was investigated.	Adenine	126-133	vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1	Homo sapiens	163-208
30892416-4	2019	Genotyping of the two polymorphic regions (9041 Guanine/Adenine and 3673 Guanine/Adenine) in VKORC1 was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.	Adenine	56-63	vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1	Homo sapiens	93-99
30860478-4	2019	First, adenine depletion promotes transcriptional upregulation of the de novo NAD+ biosynthesis genes by a mechanism requiring the key-purine intermediates ZMP/SZMP and the Bas1/Pho2 transcription factors.	Adenine	7-14	Bas1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	173-177
30860478-4	2019	First, adenine depletion promotes transcriptional upregulation of the de novo NAD+ biosynthesis genes by a mechanism requiring the key-purine intermediates ZMP/SZMP and the Bas1/Pho2 transcription factors.	Adenine	7-14	Pho2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	178-182
30989991-1	2019	The aim of this paper was to observe the changes of EPO in rats with chronic renal failure and low immunity induced by adenine and to investigate the reversal effect of Yougui Yin(YGY)and exogenous EPO.SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group(n=20)and adenine-model group(n=90).The adenine-model group rats were given with adenine 150 mg kg~(-1)for 14days by gavage administration,and then randomly divided into 8 groups as follows:model group(n=20),YGY groups(10,20,40 g kg~(-1),10 in each group),rh EPO group(500,1 000,1 500 IU kg~(-1),10 in each group),and Guilu Erxian Gao 10 g kg~(-1)group(positive control group,n=10).From the 15th day,every group except normal control group received 150 mg kg~(-1)adenine by gavage administration once every two days to maintain the model.Meanwhile,the rats in each YGY group and Guilu Erxian Gao group received corresponding drugs by gavage administration once a day for 30 days.The rats in rh EPO groups were subcutaneously injected with rh E-PO once every 3 days for 30 days.On day 46,rats were anesthetized to take blood and then sacrificed.The serum levels of creatinine,urea,glandular hormone,immunoglobulin,complement and interleukin,the proportion of T cells in the spleen,the killing rate of NKcells and the proliferative capacity of spleen cells were measured.Western blot was used to detect the key proteins in JAK2-STAT5 and NF-kappaB pathways mediated by EPO in kidney and spleen.As compared with the normal control group,the serum levels of CREA and UREA were increased significantly and the serum levels of ACTH,T and T3 were decreased significantly in the model group rats,indicating that the functions of kidney,adrenal gland,gonad and thyroid in rats were decreased.At the same time,the serum levels of Ig A,Ig G,Ig M,C3,C4,IL-2 and IL-6 were significantly decreased,the proportion of CD4~+,CD4~+/CD8~+T cell subsets,the killing rate of NK cell and the proliferation ability of spleen lymphocyte in spleen of the model group rats were significantly declined,indicating that the immune function of model group rats was decreased,and the model of kidney deficiency immunodeficiency was successfully constructed.As compared with the model group,both YGY and rh EPO significantly reduced serum levels of CREA and UREA,significantly increased serum levels of ACTH,T,T3,T4,Ig A,Ig G,Ig M,C3,C4,IL-2,and IL-6,increased the proportion of CD4~+,CD4~+/CD8~+T cell subsets,the killing rate of NK cell and the proliferation ability of spleen lymphocyte in spleen.YGY could significantly increase the content of EPO in serum.Both YGY and rh EPO could regulate the expression of EPOR,p-JAK2/JAK2,STAT5,NF-kappaB p50,NF-kappaB p65 and NF-kappaB IkappaB of EPO-mediated JAK2-STAT5 and NF-kappaB pathways in kidney and spleen.EPO is an important factor in the chronic renal failure and low immunity induced by adenine in rats.Exogenous EPO and YGY have significant reversal effects for the model rats.The mechanism of YGY may be related to the up-regulation of EPO in serum and regulating the expression of key proteins in EPO-mediated JAK2-STAT5 and NF-kappaB pathways in kidney and spleen.The mechanism of exogenous EPO may be related to regulating the expression of the key proteins in EPO-mediated JAK2-STAT5 and NF-kappaB pathways in kidney and spleen.	Adenine	119-126	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
30850014-2	2019	Post-transcriptional regulation of genes harboring adenine/uridine-rich elements (AREs) in their 3"-untranslated region (3"-UTR) is controlled by MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MAPKAPK2 or MK2), a downstream substrate of the p38MAPK.	Adenine	51-58	MAPK activated protein kinase 2	Homo sapiens	146-177
30850014-2	2019	Post-transcriptional regulation of genes harboring adenine/uridine-rich elements (AREs) in their 3"-untranslated region (3"-UTR) is controlled by MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MAPKAPK2 or MK2), a downstream substrate of the p38MAPK.	Adenine	51-58	MAPK activated protein kinase 2	Homo sapiens	179-187
30850014-2	2019	Post-transcriptional regulation of genes harboring adenine/uridine-rich elements (AREs) in their 3"-untranslated region (3"-UTR) is controlled by MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MAPKAPK2 or MK2), a downstream substrate of the p38MAPK.	Adenine	51-58	MAPK activated protein kinase 2	Homo sapiens	191-194
30850014-2	2019	Post-transcriptional regulation of genes harboring adenine/uridine-rich elements (AREs) in their 3"-untranslated region (3"-UTR) is controlled by MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MAPKAPK2 or MK2), a downstream substrate of the p38MAPK.	Adenine	51-58	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	227-234
30383449-9	2019	Proangiogenic transcripts containing adenine and uridine-rich elements were bound to ILF3 through RNA immunoprecipitation.	Adenine	37-44	interleukin enhancer binding factor 3	Homo sapiens	85-89
30733239-8	2019	Further investigation revealed evidence of type I hereditary cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency as a result of a CYB5R3 gene mutation with 2 pathogenic variants involving guanine-to-adenine substitutions.	Adenine	182-189	cytochrome b5 type A	Homo sapiens	61-74
30830862-6	2019	Adenine significantly induced serum intact FGF23 in the Cre- mice over casein-fed mice, whereas Cre+ mice on adenine had 90% reduction in serum intact FGF23 and C-terminal FGF23 as well as bone Fgf23 mRNA.	Adenine	0-7	fibroblast growth factor 23	Mus musculus	43-48
30830862-6	2019	Adenine significantly induced serum intact FGF23 in the Cre- mice over casein-fed mice, whereas Cre+ mice on adenine had 90% reduction in serum intact FGF23 and C-terminal FGF23 as well as bone Fgf23 mRNA.	Adenine	109-116	fibroblast growth factor 23	Mus musculus	151-156
30830862-6	2019	Adenine significantly induced serum intact FGF23 in the Cre- mice over casein-fed mice, whereas Cre+ mice on adenine had 90% reduction in serum intact FGF23 and C-terminal FGF23 as well as bone Fgf23 mRNA.	Adenine	109-116	fibroblast growth factor 23	Mus musculus	151-156
30830862-6	2019	Adenine significantly induced serum intact FGF23 in the Cre- mice over casein-fed mice, whereas Cre+ mice on adenine had 90% reduction in serum intact FGF23 and C-terminal FGF23 as well as bone Fgf23 mRNA.	Adenine	109-116	fibroblast growth factor 23	Mus musculus	194-199
30830862-7	2019	Parathyroid hormone was significantly elevated in mice fed adenine diet regardless of genotype, which significantly enhanced midshaft cortical porosity.	Adenine	59-66	parathyroid hormone	Mus musculus	0-19
31032394-4	2019	Results: ADE levels of C1q and C4b of the classical pathway, factor D and fragment Bb of the alternative pathway, and C5b, C3b, and C5b-C9 of both pathways were significantly higher in patients with MCIC than those with MCIS.	Adenine	9-12	complement C1q A chain	Homo sapiens	23-26
30553193-1	2019	We assessed the effect of treatment with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, on adenine-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD).	Adenine	95-102	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	45-67
30553193-5	2019	Adenine also significantly increased plasma urea, creatinine, cystatin C, liver-type fatty acid-binding protein concentrations and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin activity by 404%, 354%, 667%, 91% and 281% respectively and reduced plasma alpha-Klotho by 50%.	Adenine	0-7	cystatin C	Rattus norvegicus	62-72
30553193-5	2019	Adenine also significantly increased plasma urea, creatinine, cystatin C, liver-type fatty acid-binding protein concentrations and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin activity by 404%, 354%, 667%, 91% and 281% respectively and reduced plasma alpha-Klotho by 50%.	Adenine	0-7	lipocalin 2	Rattus norvegicus	131-173
30153408-3	2019	Indeed, individuals with these disorders have been found to express the rare, functional DAT coding variant Val559, which confers anomalous dopamine efflux (ADE) in vitro and in vivo.	Adenine	157-160	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	89-92
30153408-9	2019	These findings further demonstrate a functional impact of DAT Val559 and suggest that changes in transporter localization and lateral mobility may sustain ADE and contribute to alterations in dopamine signaling underlying multiple neuropsychiatric disorders.	Adenine	155-158	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	58-61
31032394-4	2019	Results: ADE levels of C1q and C4b of the classical pathway, factor D and fragment Bb of the alternative pathway, and C5b, C3b, and C5b-C9 of both pathways were significantly higher in patients with MCIC than those with MCIS.	Adenine	9-12	complement C4B (Chido blood group)	Homo sapiens	31-34
31032394-5	2019	ADE levels of inhibitory CPs decay-accelerating factor, CD46, CD59, and type 1 complement receptor were significantly lower in patients with MCIC than those with MCIS.	Adenine	0-3	CD46 molecule	Homo sapiens	56-60
31032394-5	2019	ADE levels of inhibitory CPs decay-accelerating factor, CD46, CD59, and type 1 complement receptor were significantly lower in patients with MCIC than those with MCIS.	Adenine	0-3	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	62-66
30622278-0	2019	Genome-wide profiling of adenine base editor specificity by EndoV-seq.	Adenine	25-32	endonuclease V	Homo sapiens	60-65
32295929-5	2019	Here, we summarize recent work from our laboratory demonstrating that the highly conserved Pan2 exonuclease recognizes the poly(A) tail, not through adenine-specific functional groups, but through the conformation of poly(A) RNA.	Adenine	149-156	poly(A) specific ribonuclease subunit PAN2	Homo sapiens	91-95
30657523-4	2019	All affected members carried a heterozygous adenine to guanine variant (c.4004-2A&gt;G) predicted to result in exon 8 skipping or the deletion of 13 amino acids at the beginning of the GAGbeta chain (VCAN p.1335-1347).	Adenine	44-51	versican	Homo sapiens	200-204
30991414-2	2019	In recent animal studies, hepcidin knockout (KO) mice with adenine-induced CKD did not exhibit anemia and iron deficiency.	Adenine	59-66	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Mus musculus	26-34
30459115-10	2019	In ABCG8, we identified a missense mutation c.1267G&gt;A in exon 9 changing glutamic acid 423 into lysine within the transmembrane domain, and an insertion of adenine (c.1487insA) leading to a frameshift and a premature stop codon (Ile497Aspfs*105).	Adenine	159-166	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 8	Homo sapiens	3-8
30442332-10	2019	Treatment with a PPAR-gamma antagonist attenuated the inhibitory effects on vascular calcification observed in smAT2-Tg mice fed an adenine and high-phosphate diet.	Adenine	132-139	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	17-27
30236848-5	2018	Adenine treatment reduced body weight, creatinine renal clearance, and increased water intake and urine output, as well as the plasma concentrations of urea and creatinine, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity, and albumin in urine.	Adenine	0-7	O-GlcNAcase	Rattus norvegicus	221-252
30790503-5	2019	RESULTS: Rats fed adenine showed the typical features of CKD that included elevation of blood pressure, decreased food intake and growth, increased water intake and urine output, decrease in creatinine clearance, and increase in urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, liver-type fatty acid binding protein, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, and plasma urea, creatinine, uric acid, calcium, indoxyl sulfate and phosphorus concentrations.	Adenine	18-25	O-GlcNAcase	Rattus norvegicus	302-333
30790503-7	2019	Adenine significantly increased the renal protein content of Nrf2, caused renal tubular necrosis and fibrosis.	Adenine	0-7	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	61-65
30942138-5	2019	In pyrrolidinolysis of the trinucleotides, d-TGT and d-TAT, the guanine moiety reacts faster than the adenine moiety.	Adenine	102-109	queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	45-48
30514953-4	2018	Our results revealed that NKX6.3 depletion induced multiple genetic mutations in coding regions, including high frequency of point mutations such as cytosine-to-thymine and guanine-to-adenine transitions caused by aberrant expression of AICDA/APOBEC family in human gastric epithelial cells.	Adenine	184-191	NK6 homeobox 3	Homo sapiens	26-32
30043441-0	2018	Adenine derivatives invert high glucose-induced thioredoxin-interacting protein overexpression.	Adenine	0-7	thioredoxin interacting protein	Rattus norvegicus	48-79
30535889-3	2018	The two N-terminal RRM domains are disposed in tandem and contribute mostly to HuR interaction with adenine and uracil-rich elements (ARE) in mRNA.	Adenine	100-107	ELAV like RNA binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	79-82
30440055-8	2018	EMSA studies showed that the number of adenines in the PHEX proximal promoter is crucial for the transcription factors" interactions within that region.	Adenine	39-47	phosphate regulating endopeptidase homolog X-linked	Homo sapiens	55-59
30010039-2	2018	In a certain number of galactosialidosis patients, a base substitution from adenine to guanine is observed at the +3 position of the 7th intron (IVS7 +3a&gt;g) of the CTSA gene.	Adenine	76-83	cathepsin A	Homo sapiens	167-171
30486413-5	2018	Meanwhile, activities of hepatic ADA and XOD were markedly augmented by adenine, and the expression of URAT1 was promoted, which was conducive to the reabsorption of urate.	Adenine	72-79	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	33-36
30486413-5	2018	Meanwhile, activities of hepatic ADA and XOD were markedly augmented by adenine, and the expression of URAT1 was promoted, which was conducive to the reabsorption of urate.	Adenine	72-79	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	41-44
30486413-8	2018	The expression of URAT1 was returned to normal, resulting in an increase of renal urate excretion and consequent healing of adenine-induced hyperuricemia in mice.	Adenine	124-131	solute carrier family 22 (organic anion/cation transporter), member 12	Mus musculus	18-23
30486413-9	2018	Expression and activation of NF-kappaB p65 was promoted in kidneys of adenine treated mice, but suppressed in kidneys of mice exposed to fucoidan from Laminaria japonica or allopurinol.	Adenine	70-77	v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian)	Mus musculus	39-42
30568760-3	2018	Adenines with A1AR-favoring N 6-alkyl, cycloalkyl and arylalkyl substitutions combined with an A3AR-favoring 2-((5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)ethynyl) group were human (h) A3AR-selective, e.g. MRS7497 17 (~1000-fold over A1AR).	Adenine	0-8	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	165-169
30202991-1	2018	Previous studies have shown that genetic variations in rs53576, a common variant of the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) resulting from a single nucleotide polymorphism involving an adenine (A)/guanine (G) transition, are associated with attitudinal trust in men.	Adenine	179-186	oxytocin receptor	Homo sapiens	88-105
30202991-1	2018	Previous studies have shown that genetic variations in rs53576, a common variant of the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) resulting from a single nucleotide polymorphism involving an adenine (A)/guanine (G) transition, are associated with attitudinal trust in men.	Adenine	179-186	oxytocin receptor	Homo sapiens	112-116
30208271-1	2018	The DNA base excision repair (BER) glycosylase MUTYH prevents DNA mutations by catalyzing adenine (A) excision from inappropriately formed 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG):A mismatches.	Adenine	90-97	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	47-52
30208271-5	2018	We recently uncovered a second functionally relevant metal cofactor site present only in higher eukaryotic MUTYH orthologs: a Zn2+ ion coordinated by three Cys residues located within the extended interdomain connector (IDC) region of MUTYH that connects the N-terminal adenine excision and C-terminal 8-oxoG recognition domains.	Adenine	270-277	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	107-112
30208271-5	2018	We recently uncovered a second functionally relevant metal cofactor site present only in higher eukaryotic MUTYH orthologs: a Zn2+ ion coordinated by three Cys residues located within the extended interdomain connector (IDC) region of MUTYH that connects the N-terminal adenine excision and C-terminal 8-oxoG recognition domains.	Adenine	270-277	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	235-240
30141083-2	2018	The A-chain of the ricin protein (RTA) is an N-glycosidase that catalyzes the removal of adenine from the 28S rRNA, preventing protein translation and leading to cell death.	Adenine	89-96	MAS related GPR family member F	Homo sapiens	34-37
30355670-0	2018	Functional Mapping of Transcription Factor Grf10 That Regulates Adenine-Responsive and Filamentation Genes in Candida albicans.	Adenine	64-71	Pho2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	43-48
30355670-3	2018	The LexA-Grf10 fusion protein activated the lexAop-HIS1 reporter in an adenine-dependent fashion, and this activation was independent of Bas1, showing that the adenine limitation signal is transmitted directly to Grf10.	Adenine	71-78	Pho2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	9-14
30355670-3	2018	The LexA-Grf10 fusion protein activated the lexAop-HIS1 reporter in an adenine-dependent fashion, and this activation was independent of Bas1, showing that the adenine limitation signal is transmitted directly to Grf10.	Adenine	71-78	Pho2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	213-218
30355670-3	2018	The LexA-Grf10 fusion protein activated the lexAop-HIS1 reporter in an adenine-dependent fashion, and this activation was independent of Bas1, showing that the adenine limitation signal is transmitted directly to Grf10.	Adenine	160-167	Pho2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	9-14
30355670-3	2018	The LexA-Grf10 fusion protein activated the lexAop-HIS1 reporter in an adenine-dependent fashion, and this activation was independent of Bas1, showing that the adenine limitation signal is transmitted directly to Grf10.	Adenine	160-167	Pho2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	213-218
30355670-4	2018	Overexpression of LexA-Grf10 led to filamentation, and this required a functioning homeodomain, consistent with Grf10 controlling the expression of key filamentation genes; filamentation induced by LexA-Grf10 overexpression was independent of adenine levels and Bas1.	Adenine	243-250	Pho2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	23-28
30355670-4	2018	Overexpression of LexA-Grf10 led to filamentation, and this required a functioning homeodomain, consistent with Grf10 controlling the expression of key filamentation genes; filamentation induced by LexA-Grf10 overexpression was independent of adenine levels and Bas1.	Adenine	243-250	Pho2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	112-117
30355670-4	2018	Overexpression of LexA-Grf10 led to filamentation, and this required a functioning homeodomain, consistent with Grf10 controlling the expression of key filamentation genes; filamentation induced by LexA-Grf10 overexpression was independent of adenine levels and Bas1.	Adenine	243-250	Pho2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	112-117
30355670-10	2018	Grf10, a critical homeodomain transcription factor, controls purine and one-carbon metabolism in response to adenine limitation, and Grf10 is necessary for the yeast-to-hypha morphological switching, a known virulence factor.	Adenine	109-116	Pho2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-5
30109751-2	2018	Here, we report that two new four- and six-membered supermacrocyclic assemblies with intriguing geometries could self-assemble from two new adenine derivatives, APN (1) and APC (2).	Adenine	140-147	APC regulator of WNT signaling pathway	Homo sapiens	161-176
30056257-0	2018	G-CSF mediates lung injury in mice with adenine-induced acute kidney injury.	Adenine	40-47	peripheral blood stem cell response to granulocyte colony stimulating factor 1	Mus musculus	0-5
31458017-1	2018	This study investigates the interactions of both purine (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidine (cytosine, thymine, and uracil) nucleobases with a pair of silver atoms (Ag2).	Adenine	57-64	anterior gradient 2, protein disulphide isomerase family member	Homo sapiens	166-169
30109696-1	2018	Previously, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) related to gait type was identified at position 22 999 655 of chromosome 23 in the coding region of DMRT3 (DMRT3:Ser301Ter) by showing that a cytosine (C) to adenine (A) mutation of this SNP induced pace in the Icelandic horse.	Adenine	209-216	doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 3	Equus caballus	151-156
30109696-1	2018	Previously, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) related to gait type was identified at position 22 999 655 of chromosome 23 in the coding region of DMRT3 (DMRT3:Ser301Ter) by showing that a cytosine (C) to adenine (A) mutation of this SNP induced pace in the Icelandic horse.	Adenine	209-216	doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 3	Equus caballus	158-173
30056257-5	2018	We confirmed that ALI was associated with high serum G-CSF levels, and elevated neutrophil elastase activity in the lungs and serum of mice with adenine-induced AKI.	Adenine	145-152	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Mus musculus	80-99
30056257-6	2018	Systemic administration of G-CSF-specific neutralizing antibody normalized granulopoiesis, pulmonary neutrophil infiltration, and neutrophil elastase activity, conferring improved lung architecture in mice with adenine-induced AKI.	Adenine	211-218	peripheral blood stem cell response to granulocyte colony stimulating factor 1	Mus musculus	27-32
30070011-6	2018	Furthermore, we identified that the carboxy-terminal serine-rich region in LRP6 bond to the adenine-rich sequence within alternative exon D (AED) of integrin-beta1 pre-mRNA, and therefore, elicited AED inclusion when the spliceosome was recruited to the splice site.	Adenine	92-99	LDL receptor related protein 6	Homo sapiens	75-79
30070011-6	2018	Furthermore, we identified that the carboxy-terminal serine-rich region in LRP6 bond to the adenine-rich sequence within alternative exon D (AED) of integrin-beta1 pre-mRNA, and therefore, elicited AED inclusion when the spliceosome was recruited to the splice site.	Adenine	92-99	integrin subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	149-163
30070011-7	2018	The interaction of LRP6 with the adenine-rich sequence was sufficient to overcome AED exclusion by a splicing repressor, polypyrimidine tract binding protein-1.	Adenine	33-40	LDL receptor related protein 6	Homo sapiens	19-23
30070011-7	2018	The interaction of LRP6 with the adenine-rich sequence was sufficient to overcome AED exclusion by a splicing repressor, polypyrimidine tract binding protein-1.	Adenine	33-40	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	121-159
29600572-0	2018	Adenine alleviates iron overload by cAMP/PKA mediated hepatic hepcidin in mice.	Adenine	0-7	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Mus musculus	62-70
29966048-5	2018	The study adds to the repertoire of conjugates for use in fluorinase-catalysed radiosynthesis for PET and shows that the fluorinase will accept a wide range of ClDA substrates tethered at C-2 of the adenine ring with a PEGylated cargo.	Adenine	199-206	complement C2	Homo sapiens	188-191
30208590-6	2018	RESULTS: Adenine mice exhibited significantly higher mean serum urea, creatinine, and renal expression of the pro-inflammatory markers Interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10), and Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), in addition to prominent renal fibrosis and reduced renal Klotho gene expression compared to the control.	Adenine	9-16	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	135-148
30208590-6	2018	RESULTS: Adenine mice exhibited significantly higher mean serum urea, creatinine, and renal expression of the pro-inflammatory markers Interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10), and Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), in addition to prominent renal fibrosis and reduced renal Klotho gene expression compared to the control.	Adenine	9-16	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	150-154
30208590-6	2018	RESULTS: Adenine mice exhibited significantly higher mean serum urea, creatinine, and renal expression of the pro-inflammatory markers Interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10), and Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), in addition to prominent renal fibrosis and reduced renal Klotho gene expression compared to the control.	Adenine	9-16	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10	Mus musculus	157-181
30208590-6	2018	RESULTS: Adenine mice exhibited significantly higher mean serum urea, creatinine, and renal expression of the pro-inflammatory markers Interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10), and Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), in addition to prominent renal fibrosis and reduced renal Klotho gene expression compared to the control.	Adenine	9-16	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10	Mus musculus	183-189
30208590-6	2018	RESULTS: Adenine mice exhibited significantly higher mean serum urea, creatinine, and renal expression of the pro-inflammatory markers Interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10), and Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), in addition to prominent renal fibrosis and reduced renal Klotho gene expression compared to the control.	Adenine	9-16	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	196-213
30208590-6	2018	RESULTS: Adenine mice exhibited significantly higher mean serum urea, creatinine, and renal expression of the pro-inflammatory markers Interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10), and Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), in addition to prominent renal fibrosis and reduced renal Klotho gene expression compared to the control.	Adenine	9-16	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	215-223
30208590-6	2018	RESULTS: Adenine mice exhibited significantly higher mean serum urea, creatinine, and renal expression of the pro-inflammatory markers Interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10), and Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), in addition to prominent renal fibrosis and reduced renal Klotho gene expression compared to the control.	Adenine	9-16	klotho	Mus musculus	284-290
30227860-6	2018	Several polymorphisms were identified in CXCL12 gene including rs1801157 in the 3"-untranslated region, which is characterized by a substitution of a guanine for an adenine.	Adenine	165-172	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12	Homo sapiens	41-47
29600572-9	2018	We found LDN193189 strongly blocked the hepcidin induction by adenine.	Adenine	62-69	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Mus musculus	40-48
29600572-10	2018	Moreover, we uncovered an essential role of cAMP/PKA-dependent axis in triggering adenine-induced hepcidin expression in primary hepatocytes by using 8 br cAMP, a cAMP analog, and H89, a potent inhibitor for PKA signaling.	Adenine	82-89	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Mus musculus	98-106
29600572-3	2018	Our unbiased vitamin screen for modulators of hepcidin, a master iron regulatory hormone, identifies adenine (vitamin B4) as a potent hepcidin agonist.	Adenine	101-108	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Mus musculus	46-54
29600572-3	2018	Our unbiased vitamin screen for modulators of hepcidin, a master iron regulatory hormone, identifies adenine (vitamin B4) as a potent hepcidin agonist.	Adenine	101-108	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Mus musculus	134-142
29600572-3	2018	Our unbiased vitamin screen for modulators of hepcidin, a master iron regulatory hormone, identifies adenine (vitamin B4) as a potent hepcidin agonist.	Adenine	110-120	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Mus musculus	46-54
29600572-3	2018	Our unbiased vitamin screen for modulators of hepcidin, a master iron regulatory hormone, identifies adenine (vitamin B4) as a potent hepcidin agonist.	Adenine	110-120	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Mus musculus	134-142
29600572-4	2018	Adenine significantly induced hepcidin mRNA level and promoter activity activation in human cell lines, possibly through BMP/SMAD pathway.	Adenine	0-7	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	30-38
29993187-5	2018	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 beta (PPARGC1B) whose 3"-untranslated region bears adenine-uridine-rich elements was verified as a direct downstream target of ZFP36L1, and knock-down of PPARGC1B impaired the adipogenesis of AA BM-MSCs.	Adenine	114-121	PPARG coactivator 1 beta	Homo sapiens	0-67
29600572-4	2018	Adenine significantly induced hepcidin mRNA level and promoter activity activation in human cell lines, possibly through BMP/SMAD pathway.	Adenine	0-7	bone morphogenetic protein 1	Homo sapiens	121-124
29993187-5	2018	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 beta (PPARGC1B) whose 3"-untranslated region bears adenine-uridine-rich elements was verified as a direct downstream target of ZFP36L1, and knock-down of PPARGC1B impaired the adipogenesis of AA BM-MSCs.	Adenine	114-121	PPARG coactivator 1 beta	Homo sapiens	69-77
29600572-5	2018	Further studies in mice validated the effect of adenine on hepcidin upregulation.	Adenine	48-55	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Mus musculus	59-67
29993187-5	2018	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 beta (PPARGC1B) whose 3"-untranslated region bears adenine-uridine-rich elements was verified as a direct downstream target of ZFP36L1, and knock-down of PPARGC1B impaired the adipogenesis of AA BM-MSCs.	Adenine	114-121	ZFP36 ring finger protein like 1	Homo sapiens	190-197
29600572-6	2018	Consistently, adenine dietary supplement in mice led to an increase of hepatic hepcidin expression compared with normal diet-fed mice via BMP/SMAD pathway.	Adenine	14-21	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Mus musculus	79-87
29993187-5	2018	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 beta (PPARGC1B) whose 3"-untranslated region bears adenine-uridine-rich elements was verified as a direct downstream target of ZFP36L1, and knock-down of PPARGC1B impaired the adipogenesis of AA BM-MSCs.	Adenine	114-121	PPARG coactivator 1 beta	Homo sapiens	217-225
29600572-6	2018	Consistently, adenine dietary supplement in mice led to an increase of hepatic hepcidin expression compared with normal diet-fed mice via BMP/SMAD pathway.	Adenine	14-21	bone morphogenetic protein 1	Homo sapiens	138-141
29600572-7	2018	Notably, adenine-rich diet significantly ameliorated iron overload accompanied by the enhanced hepcidin expression in both high iron-fed mice and in Hfe-/- mice, a murine model of hereditary hemochromatosis.	Adenine	9-16	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Mus musculus	95-103
29600572-7	2018	Notably, adenine-rich diet significantly ameliorated iron overload accompanied by the enhanced hepcidin expression in both high iron-fed mice and in Hfe-/- mice, a murine model of hereditary hemochromatosis.	Adenine	9-16	homeostatic iron regulator	Mus musculus	149-152
29844120-3	2018	The rationale is that excess MTA will protect normal MTAP+ cells from purine analogue toxicity because MTAP catalyzes the conversion of MTA to adenine, which then inhibits the conversion of purine base analogues into nucleotides.	Adenine	143-150	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	103-107
29246420-5	2018	Subsequent reanalysis of the initial biopsy showed infiltration of the lamina densa by type III collagen fibrils, and molecular studies identified a pathogenic variant in one allele of LMX1B (a guanine to adenine substitution at nucleoide 737 of the coding sequence [c.737G&gt;A], predicted to result in an arginine to glutamine substitution at amino acid 246 [p.Arg246Gln]).	Adenine	205-212	LIM homeobox transcription factor 1 beta	Homo sapiens	185-190
29915346-1	2018	The human DNA repair enzyme MUTYH excises mispaired adenine residues in oxidized DNA.	Adenine	52-59	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	28-33
29861060-4	2018	IL-6 knock-out mice fed an adenine diet to induce CKD failed to increase bone FGF23 mRNA and had a muted increase in serum FGF23 levels, compared with the increases in wild-type mice with CKD.	Adenine	27-34	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	0-4
30070341-0	2018	Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids alleviate adenine-induced chronic renal failure via regulating ROS production and TGF-beta/SMAD pathway.	Adenine	46-53	transforming growth factor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	118-126
30070341-14	2018	CONCLUSIONS: omega-3 PUFAs alleviated adenine-induced chronic renal failure through enhancing antioxidant stress and inhibiting inflammatory response via regulating Nrf2 and TGF-beta/SMAD pathway.	Adenine	38-45	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	165-169
30070341-14	2018	CONCLUSIONS: omega-3 PUFAs alleviated adenine-induced chronic renal failure through enhancing antioxidant stress and inhibiting inflammatory response via regulating Nrf2 and TGF-beta/SMAD pathway.	Adenine	38-45	transforming growth factor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	174-182
29882939-4	2018	As regards S. mutans, the highest activity was shown by adenine at 5 mg mL-1 both in the biofilm inhibition (BI 50%) and biofilm disaggregation tests (BD 20%).	Adenine	56-63	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	72-76
29677496-6	2018	Adenine SERS spectra demonstrate the existence of the 7H tautomer since the strongest band observed is at 736cm-1.	Adenine	0-7	seryl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	8-12
29962852-7	2018	In RAW264.7 cells stimulated with LPS, adenine inhibited production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-6 and inflammatory lipid mediators, prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene B4.	Adenine	39-46	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	98-107
29962852-7	2018	In RAW264.7 cells stimulated with LPS, adenine inhibited production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-6 and inflammatory lipid mediators, prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene B4.	Adenine	39-46	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	112-116
29962852-11	2018	In BMMCs, adenine inhibited the LPS-induced production of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-13 and also hindered phosphorylation of NF-kappaB and Akt.	Adenine	10-17	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	58-67
29962852-11	2018	In BMMCs, adenine inhibited the LPS-induced production of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-13 and also hindered phosphorylation of NF-kappaB and Akt.	Adenine	10-17	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	69-73
29962852-11	2018	In BMMCs, adenine inhibited the LPS-induced production of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-13 and also hindered phosphorylation of NF-kappaB and Akt.	Adenine	10-17	interleukin 13	Mus musculus	78-83
29962852-11	2018	In BMMCs, adenine inhibited the LPS-induced production of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-13 and also hindered phosphorylation of NF-kappaB and Akt.	Adenine	10-17	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	135-138
29962852-12	2018	In peritoneal cavity, adenine suppressed the LPS-induced production of TNF-alpha and IL-6 by peritoneal cells in mice.	Adenine	22-29	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	71-80
29962852-12	2018	In peritoneal cavity, adenine suppressed the LPS-induced production of TNF-alpha and IL-6 by peritoneal cells in mice.	Adenine	22-29	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	85-89
29576532-7	2018	These data also provide the framework for designing novel adenine derivatives that could modulate, through hAPRT, diseases-involved cellular pathways.	Adenine	58-65	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	107-112
29962852-5	2018	However adenine effects on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated inflammation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a cell wall component of Gram negative bacteria, is not examined.	Adenine	8-15	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	27-47
29962852-5	2018	However adenine effects on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated inflammation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a cell wall component of Gram negative bacteria, is not examined.	Adenine	8-15	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	49-53
30534894-8	2018	In the genetic-molecular study of the glucokinase gene (MODY2), the patient had a mutation at position 1343 of exon 10, corresponding to a heterozygous substitution of guanine by adenine (1343 G &gt;A).	Adenine	179-186	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	38-49
30534894-8	2018	In the genetic-molecular study of the glucokinase gene (MODY2), the patient had a mutation at position 1343 of exon 10, corresponding to a heterozygous substitution of guanine by adenine (1343 G &gt;A).	Adenine	179-186	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	56-61
29904119-5	2018	We further illustrated that WNK1 protein abundance in skeletal muscle was increased by chronic voluntary wheel running exercise (hypertrophic stimulus) and markedly decreased by adenine-induced chronic kidney disease (atrophic stimulus) in mice.	Adenine	178-185	WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	28-32
29739866-3	2018	Previously, we identified the DA transporter (DAT) variant Val559 in subjects with ADHD and established that the mutation supports anomalous DAT-mediated DA efflux (ADE).	Adenine	165-168	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine), member 3	Mus musculus	30-44
29248448-10	2018	Mechanistically, renal mRNA and protein expression of Wnt4, a Wnt signaling ligand, was increased in the adenine-treated group, compared to the vehicle-treated control.	Adenine	105-112	Wnt family member 4	Rattus norvegicus	54-58
29248448-10	2018	Mechanistically, renal mRNA and protein expression of Wnt4, a Wnt signaling ligand, was increased in the adenine-treated group, compared to the vehicle-treated control.	Adenine	105-112	Wnt family member 4	Rattus norvegicus	54-57
29248448-13	2018	CONCLUSIONS: The present results demonstrate that ZWT extract ameliorates adenine-induced CRF in rats by regulation of the canonical Wnt4/beta-catenin signaling in the kidneys.	Adenine	74-81	Wnt family member 4	Rattus norvegicus	133-137
29248448-13	2018	CONCLUSIONS: The present results demonstrate that ZWT extract ameliorates adenine-induced CRF in rats by regulation of the canonical Wnt4/beta-catenin signaling in the kidneys.	Adenine	74-81	catenin beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	138-150
29739866-3	2018	Previously, we identified the DA transporter (DAT) variant Val559 in subjects with ADHD and established that the mutation supports anomalous DAT-mediated DA efflux (ADE).	Adenine	165-168	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine), member 3	Mus musculus	46-49
29739866-3	2018	Previously, we identified the DA transporter (DAT) variant Val559 in subjects with ADHD and established that the mutation supports anomalous DAT-mediated DA efflux (ADE).	Adenine	165-168	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine), member 3	Mus musculus	141-144
28472899-3	2018	A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR), in which guanine (G) is substituted for adenine (A), has been associated with less support-seeking behaviors.	Adenine	117-124	oxytocin receptor	Homo sapiens	46-63
28472899-3	2018	A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR), in which guanine (G) is substituted for adenine (A), has been associated with less support-seeking behaviors.	Adenine	117-124	oxytocin receptor	Homo sapiens	70-74
29544164-10	2018	Introduction of a halogen into position 2 of adenine moiety, on the contrary, often increased the ligand activity, especially toward AHK3.	Adenine	45-52	histidine kinase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	133-137
30155235-1	2018	A simple and effective method for direct exfoliation of tungsten diselenide (WSe2) into few-layered nanosheets has been successfully developed by employing a low molecular weight adenine-functionalized supramolecular polymer (A-PPG).	Adenine	179-186	serglycin	Homo sapiens	228-231
29687108-1	2018	We report the shape- and wavelength-dependent ultrasensitive label-free detection of adenine on rhodium cube- and tripod-star-like nanoparticles (Rh NPs) using ultraviolet surface-enhanced Raman scattering (UV-SERS).	Adenine	85-92	seryl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	210-214
29687108-2	2018	Rh NPs immobilized on a silane-treated glass substrate probed at near-resonant and non-resonant wavelengths served as the SERS platform for the highly reproducible, stable, and real-time detection of adsorbed adenine molecules in the femtomolar region.	Adenine	209-216	seryl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	122-126
29751740-7	2018	RESULTS: Only the insertion of an adenine in exon 36 of the LTBP2 gene (c.5439_5440insA) was associated with pathogenicity.	Adenine	34-41	latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	60-65
29522114-2	2018	8-oxo-guanine may bind in the anti-conformation with an opposing cytosine or in the syn-conformation with an opposing adenine paired by transversion, and both conformations may alter DNA stability.	Adenine	118-125	synemin	Homo sapiens	84-87
29635907-7	2018	Adenine feeding increased the kidney weight to body weight index, decreased the kidney function due to injury as indicated by increased markers like serum urea, uric acid, creatinine, cystatin C and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and initiated the fibrotic response in kidney by increasing the profibrotic proteins viz.	Adenine	0-7	cystatin C	Rattus norvegicus	184-194
29635907-7	2018	Adenine feeding increased the kidney weight to body weight index, decreased the kidney function due to injury as indicated by increased markers like serum urea, uric acid, creatinine, cystatin C and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and initiated the fibrotic response in kidney by increasing the profibrotic proteins viz.	Adenine	0-7	lipocalin 2	Rattus norvegicus	199-241
29635907-7	2018	Adenine feeding increased the kidney weight to body weight index, decreased the kidney function due to injury as indicated by increased markers like serum urea, uric acid, creatinine, cystatin C and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and initiated the fibrotic response in kidney by increasing the profibrotic proteins viz.	Adenine	0-7	lipocalin 2	Rattus norvegicus	243-247
29596531-7	2018	We crystallized a non-preferred adenine in the -1 nucleotide-binding pocket of A3G.	Adenine	32-39	apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3G	Homo sapiens	79-82
28992067-12	2018	Adenine-induced CKD mice demonstrated an increase in hepcidin concentrations; this increase was reduced by AST-120, an oral adsorbent of the uremic toxin.	Adenine	0-7	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Mus musculus	53-61
28992067-12	2018	Adenine-induced CKD mice demonstrated an increase in hepcidin concentrations; this increase was reduced by AST-120, an oral adsorbent of the uremic toxin.	Adenine	0-7	transmembrane protease, serine 11d	Mus musculus	107-110
29552145-2	2018	In the present study, the role of an adenine analog, 9-(4-carboxyphenyl)-8-hydroxy-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-adenine [termed Gao Dong (GD)], a novel TLR7 agonist, in the activation of cytokine-induced killer/natural killer (CIK/NK) cells was determined.	Adenine	37-44	toll like receptor 7	Homo sapiens	143-147
29483298-6	2018	Our data indicate that dinucleotide cap analogs and capped oligonucleotides containing guanine base in the first transcribed nucleotide are more susceptible to enzymatic digestion by hNudt16 than their counterparts containing adenine.	Adenine	226-233	nudix hydrolase 16	Homo sapiens	183-190
29633973-6	2018	Phenylalanine 292 of the M. tuberculosis enzyme is in an `out" conformation and barely contacts the adenine ring, in contrast to other MetRS structures where ring stacking occurs between the adenine and a protein side-chain ring in the `in" conformation.	Adenine	191-198	methionyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	135-140
29675775-7	2018	Formation of excited state A-T Hoogsteen bps is accompanied by changes in sugar-backbone conformation that allow the flipped syn adenine to form hydrogen-bonds with its partner thymine and this in turn results in overall kinking of the DNA toward the major groove.	Adenine	129-136	synemin	Homo sapiens	125-128
29406582-4	2018	ADE normalized levels of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and IL-1beta were significantly higher for AD patients than controls, but there was greater overlap between the two groups than for complement proteins.	Adenine	0-3	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	25-43
29451325-4	2018	An adenine-derived spin label (5) bound fully at low temperature to abasic sites in both DNA and RNA duplexes when paired with thymine and uracil, respectively, complementing the previously described guanine-derived spin label G, which binds efficiently opposite cytosine.	Adenine	3-10	spindlin 1	Homo sapiens	19-23
29451325-4	2018	An adenine-derived spin label (5) bound fully at low temperature to abasic sites in both DNA and RNA duplexes when paired with thymine and uracil, respectively, complementing the previously described guanine-derived spin label G, which binds efficiently opposite cytosine.	Adenine	3-10	spindlin 1	Homo sapiens	216-220
29406582-4	2018	ADE normalized levels of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and IL-1beta were significantly higher for AD patients than controls, but there was greater overlap between the two groups than for complement proteins.	Adenine	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	45-72
29406582-4	2018	ADE normalized levels of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and IL-1beta were significantly higher for AD patients than controls, but there was greater overlap between the two groups than for complement proteins.	Adenine	0-3	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	78-86
29094492-2	2018	METHODS: We herein demonstrated the mechanisms of inhibitory effect of adenine on IgE/antigen-induced degranulation and TNF-alpha release in mast cells.	Adenine	71-78	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	120-129
29453633-5	2018	In addition, substitution of adenine for guanine within the rps3 gene in the mitochondrial genome of the 83.501 isolate was observed.	Adenine	29-36	rps3	Colletotrichum lindemuthianum	60-64
29094492-6	2018	Adenine inhibited antigen-induced Syk and the subsequent induction of AKT and ERK activation under FcepsilonRI-mediated signal.	Adenine	0-7	spleen tyrosine kinase	Mus musculus	34-37
29094492-6	2018	Adenine inhibited antigen-induced Syk and the subsequent induction of AKT and ERK activation under FcepsilonRI-mediated signal.	Adenine	0-7	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	70-73
29094492-6	2018	Adenine inhibited antigen-induced Syk and the subsequent induction of AKT and ERK activation under FcepsilonRI-mediated signal.	Adenine	0-7	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	78-81
29094492-6	2018	Adenine inhibited antigen-induced Syk and the subsequent induction of AKT and ERK activation under FcepsilonRI-mediated signal.	Adenine	0-7	Fc receptor, IgE, high affinity I, alpha polypeptide	Mus musculus	99-110
29094492-10	2018	CONCLUSIONS: The present study revealed a key role of adenine in the attenuation of allergic responses through the inhibition of Syk-mediated signal transduction and IKK-mediated degranulation.	Adenine	54-61	spleen tyrosine kinase	Mus musculus	129-132
29239255-7	2018	Genetic testing revealed a heterozygous transition mutation of guanine to adenine at the coding nucleotide 133 in exon 2 (c.133G&gt;A), resulting in an amino acid substitution of glutamic acid with lysine (E45K) in the MEN1 gene.	Adenine	74-81	menin 1	Homo sapiens	219-223
29407365-8	2018	These results suggest that pCS suppressed IL-7-induced STAT5 signaling and inhibited B-cell progenitor proliferation, leading to reduction of peripheral B cells in adenine-induced renal dysfunction mice.	Adenine	164-171	interleukin 7	Mus musculus	42-46
29415057-6	2018	In contrast, 50 mg/kg of adenine daily for 28 days showed severe renal dysfunction (plasma creatinine 1.9 +- 0.10 mg/dL) and anemia (hematocrit 36.5 +- 1.0% and EPO 28 +- 2.4 pg/mL) as compared with vehicle-treated mice (0.4 +- 0.02 mg/dL, 49.6 +- 1.6% and 61 +- 4.0 pg/mL, respectively).	Adenine	25-32	erythropoietin	Mus musculus	161-164
29079435-2	2018	Recently, we reported that the Argonaute protein 2 (Ago2) PAZ domain selectively binds with all ribonucleotides except adenine and poorly recognizes deoxyribonucleotides.	Adenine	119-126	argonaute RISC catalytic component 2	Homo sapiens	31-50
29079435-2	2018	Recently, we reported that the Argonaute protein 2 (Ago2) PAZ domain selectively binds with all ribonucleotides except adenine and poorly recognizes deoxyribonucleotides.	Adenine	119-126	argonaute RISC catalytic component 2	Homo sapiens	52-56
29415885-3	2018	In mice subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction-induced (UUO-induced) or adenine diet-induced (AD-induced) renal fibrosis, models of progressive kidney fibrosis, we demonstrate increased kidney expression of RIPK3.	Adenine	78-85	receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3	Mus musculus	213-218
29208650-7	2018	Conversion of a 4NQO-sensitive allele to a 4NQO-resistant allele by a single point mutation mimicked the 4NQO-resistant allele in phenotype, and while the 4NQO resistant allele increased the expression of the ADE genes in the de novo purine biosynthetic pathway, the mutant Yrr1 increased expression of ADE genes even in the absence of 4NQO.	Adenine	209-212	Yrr1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	274-278
29406992-4	2018	Thus, we hypothesize that adenine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, 2,8-dihydroxyadenine and uric acid may potentially interfere with the activity of AChE.	Adenine	26-33	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	141-145
29410815-4	2018	The ratio (H2BDC:adenine) 9 : 1 and the NPC carbonized at 900 C (denoted as NPC-1-900) exhibits better electrochemical properties.	Adenine	17-24	NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1	Homo sapiens	76-81
29346284-2	2018	The BRCA2 p.Lys3326Ter (K3326X) (rs11571833) mutation identified in our patient is a debated substitution of thymidine for adenine which is currently regarded as benign polymorphism in main gene databases.	Adenine	123-130	BRCA2 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	4-9
29308502-1	2018	Based on high-resolution STM imaging/manipulations and DFT calculations, we display the dynamic hydration process of adenine networks on Au(111) in real space, which results in controllable scission and stitching of adenine structures by water molecules.	Adenine	117-124	sulfotransferase family 1A member 3	Homo sapiens	25-28
29308502-1	2018	Based on high-resolution STM imaging/manipulations and DFT calculations, we display the dynamic hydration process of adenine networks on Au(111) in real space, which results in controllable scission and stitching of adenine structures by water molecules.	Adenine	216-223	sulfotransferase family 1A member 3	Homo sapiens	25-28
29440987-6	2018	Pathway and enrichment analysis of non-targeted primary metabolite profiles from Sirt5-/- cortex revealed alterations in several pathways including purine metabolism (urea, adenosine, adenine, xanthine), nitrogen metabolism (glutamic acid, glycine), and malate-aspartate shuttle (malic acid, glutamic acid).	Adenine	184-191	sirtuin 5	Mus musculus	81-86
30064125-8	2018	The effects of ADE-treated macrophages on adipocyte insulin signalling were studied by Western blot.	Adenine	15-18	insulin	Homo sapiens	52-59
28561324-7	2018	Curcumin further reduced adenine-induced hypertension, urinary albumin, the inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha, cystatin C and adiponectin.	Adenine	25-32	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	118-127
28561324-9	2018	In animals treated with the two higher curcumin concentrations, alone or in combination with adenine, an increased expression of the antioxidative transcription factor Nrf2 was found as well as up-regulation of the activity of its direct target glutathione reductase, and of an indirect target, the glutathione level.	Adenine	93-100	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	168-172
28561324-9	2018	In animals treated with the two higher curcumin concentrations, alone or in combination with adenine, an increased expression of the antioxidative transcription factor Nrf2 was found as well as up-regulation of the activity of its direct target glutathione reductase, and of an indirect target, the glutathione level.	Adenine	93-100	glutathione-disulfide reductase	Rattus norvegicus	245-266
28561324-10	2018	In conclusion, curcumin exhibits salutary effects against adenine-induced CKD in rats by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress via up-regulation of the transcription factor Nrf2.	Adenine	58-65	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	178-182
29162431-0	2018	Adenine accelerated the diabetic wound healing by PPAR delta and angiogenic regulation.	Adenine	0-7	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens	50-60
29162431-8	2018	The results for tissue protein expression showed that, compared to the control group, angiogenic related protein, PPARdelta were increased and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) was decreased in the Adenine-treated group.	Adenine	215-222	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens	114-123
29162431-8	2018	The results for tissue protein expression showed that, compared to the control group, angiogenic related protein, PPARdelta were increased and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) was decreased in the Adenine-treated group.	Adenine	215-222	advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor	Homo sapiens	143-186
29162431-8	2018	The results for tissue protein expression showed that, compared to the control group, angiogenic related protein, PPARdelta were increased and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) was decreased in the Adenine-treated group.	Adenine	215-222	advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor	Homo sapiens	188-192
29595074-7	2018	In HFD-fed obese mice, ADE efficiently reduced the expressions of ER stress markers, such as, xbp-1, chop, atf4, erdi4, and eIf2a, and those of the ER chaperone/foldases Bip/grp78, Ero-1l, and PDI.	Adenine	23-26	X-box binding protein 1	Mus musculus	94-99
29595074-7	2018	In HFD-fed obese mice, ADE efficiently reduced the expressions of ER stress markers, such as, xbp-1, chop, atf4, erdi4, and eIf2a, and those of the ER chaperone/foldases Bip/grp78, Ero-1l, and PDI.	Adenine	23-26	DNA-damage inducible transcript 3	Mus musculus	101-105
29595074-7	2018	In HFD-fed obese mice, ADE efficiently reduced the expressions of ER stress markers, such as, xbp-1, chop, atf4, erdi4, and eIf2a, and those of the ER chaperone/foldases Bip/grp78, Ero-1l, and PDI.	Adenine	23-26	activating transcription factor 4	Mus musculus	107-111
29595074-7	2018	In HFD-fed obese mice, ADE efficiently reduced the expressions of ER stress markers, such as, xbp-1, chop, atf4, erdi4, and eIf2a, and those of the ER chaperone/foldases Bip/grp78, Ero-1l, and PDI.	Adenine	23-26	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2, subunit 1 alpha	Mus musculus	124-129
29595074-7	2018	In HFD-fed obese mice, ADE efficiently reduced the expressions of ER stress markers, such as, xbp-1, chop, atf4, erdi4, and eIf2a, and those of the ER chaperone/foldases Bip/grp78, Ero-1l, and PDI.	Adenine	23-26	heat shock protein 5	Mus musculus	170-173
29595074-7	2018	In HFD-fed obese mice, ADE efficiently reduced the expressions of ER stress markers, such as, xbp-1, chop, atf4, erdi4, and eIf2a, and those of the ER chaperone/foldases Bip/grp78, Ero-1l, and PDI.	Adenine	23-26	heat shock protein 5	Mus musculus	174-179
29595074-7	2018	In HFD-fed obese mice, ADE efficiently reduced the expressions of ER stress markers, such as, xbp-1, chop, atf4, erdi4, and eIf2a, and those of the ER chaperone/foldases Bip/grp78, Ero-1l, and PDI.	Adenine	23-26	endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase 1 alpha	Mus musculus	181-187
29595074-9	2018	In primary rat hippocampal cultures under ER stress, ADE significantly lowered the nuclear expression of CHOP, inhibited the downregulations of postsynaptic proteins, such as, GluN2A, GluN2B, and PSD-95, and maintained the pool size of recycling presynaptic vesicles.	Adenine	53-56	DNA-damage inducible transcript 3	Rattus norvegicus	105-109
29595074-9	2018	In primary rat hippocampal cultures under ER stress, ADE significantly lowered the nuclear expression of CHOP, inhibited the downregulations of postsynaptic proteins, such as, GluN2A, GluN2B, and PSD-95, and maintained the pool size of recycling presynaptic vesicles.	Adenine	53-56	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A	Rattus norvegicus	176-182
29595074-9	2018	In primary rat hippocampal cultures under ER stress, ADE significantly lowered the nuclear expression of CHOP, inhibited the downregulations of postsynaptic proteins, such as, GluN2A, GluN2B, and PSD-95, and maintained the pool size of recycling presynaptic vesicles.	Adenine	53-56	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	184-190
29595074-9	2018	In primary rat hippocampal cultures under ER stress, ADE significantly lowered the nuclear expression of CHOP, inhibited the downregulations of postsynaptic proteins, such as, GluN2A, GluN2B, and PSD-95, and maintained the pool size of recycling presynaptic vesicles.	Adenine	53-56	discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	196-202
28561324-5	2018	Curcumin was found to significantly abate adenine-induced toxic effects such as reduced creatinine clearance, elevated neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels and raised urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activities.	Adenine	42-49	lipocalin 2	Rattus norvegicus	119-161
30064125-14	2018	Using a co-culture assay, we showed that both ADE-treated macrophages and exosomes from these macrophages could decrease the expression of insulin-resistant substrate-1 (IRS-1) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in adipocytes.	Adenine	46-49	insulin receptor substrate 1	Homo sapiens	139-168
30064125-14	2018	Using a co-culture assay, we showed that both ADE-treated macrophages and exosomes from these macrophages could decrease the expression of insulin-resistant substrate-1 (IRS-1) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in adipocytes.	Adenine	46-49	insulin receptor substrate 1	Homo sapiens	170-175
30064125-14	2018	Using a co-culture assay, we showed that both ADE-treated macrophages and exosomes from these macrophages could decrease the expression of insulin-resistant substrate-1 (IRS-1) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in adipocytes.	Adenine	46-49	lipase E, hormone sensitive type	Homo sapiens	181-205
30064125-14	2018	Using a co-culture assay, we showed that both ADE-treated macrophages and exosomes from these macrophages could decrease the expression of insulin-resistant substrate-1 (IRS-1) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in adipocytes.	Adenine	46-49	lipase E, hormone sensitive type	Homo sapiens	207-210
30064125-15	2018	Inhibitors of Ptch and PI3K blocked the down-regulation of IRS-1 and HSL induced by ADE-treated macrophages.	Adenine	84-87	patched 1	Homo sapiens	14-18
30064125-15	2018	Inhibitors of Ptch and PI3K blocked the down-regulation of IRS-1 and HSL induced by ADE-treated macrophages.	Adenine	84-87	insulin receptor substrate 1	Homo sapiens	59-64
30064125-15	2018	Inhibitors of Ptch and PI3K blocked the down-regulation of IRS-1 and HSL induced by ADE-treated macrophages.	Adenine	84-87	lipase E, hormone sensitive type	Homo sapiens	69-72
29746250-2	2018	MUTYH prokaryotic and eukaryotic homologs are a family of adenine (A) glycosylases that cleave A when mispaired with the oxidatively damaged guanine lesion, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (OG).	Adenine	58-65	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	0-5
30212831-11	2018	In the adenine-induced renal failure model, Akp3 gene deletion suppressed hyperphosphatemia.	Adenine	7-14	alkaline phosphatase 3, intestine, not Mn requiring	Mus musculus	44-48
30212831-13	2018	In the adenine-induced renal failure model, Akp3 is predicted to be a factor contributing to suppression of the plasma Pi concentration.	Adenine	7-14	alkaline phosphatase 3, intestine, not Mn requiring	Mus musculus	44-48
28964572-5	2018	Interestingly, secondary hyperparathyroidism, characterized by serum parathyroid hormone elevation and enlargement of parathyroid glands, was suppressed in MafB+/- mice fed the adenine-supplemented diet compared to similarly fed wild-type littermates.	Adenine	177-184	parathyroid hormone	Mus musculus	69-88
28964572-5	2018	Interestingly, secondary hyperparathyroidism, characterized by serum parathyroid hormone elevation and enlargement of parathyroid glands, was suppressed in MafB+/- mice fed the adenine-supplemented diet compared to similarly fed wild-type littermates.	Adenine	177-184	v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene family, protein B (avian)	Mus musculus	156-160
29746241-4	2018	However, in the two decades subsequent to the initial discovery, purification and in vitro analysis of bacterial MutYs and mammalian homologs, such as human MUTYH and mouse Mutyh, have demonstrated that proper Fe-S cluster coordination is required for OG:A substrate recognition and adenine excision.	Adenine	283-290	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	157-162
29746241-4	2018	However, in the two decades subsequent to the initial discovery, purification and in vitro analysis of bacterial MutYs and mammalian homologs, such as human MUTYH and mouse Mutyh, have demonstrated that proper Fe-S cluster coordination is required for OG:A substrate recognition and adenine excision.	Adenine	283-290	mutY DNA glycosylase	Mus musculus	173-178
30155813-1	2018	Designed zinc-finger (ZnF) proteins can recognize AT base pairs by H-bonds in the major groove, which are disrupted, if the adenine base is methylated at the N6 position.	Adenine	124-131	zinc finger protein 763	Homo sapiens	9-20
30155813-1	2018	Designed zinc-finger (ZnF) proteins can recognize AT base pairs by H-bonds in the major groove, which are disrupted, if the adenine base is methylated at the N6 position.	Adenine	124-131	zinc finger protein 763	Homo sapiens	22-25
29995566-4	2018	The manipulation of NDPK1 levels in transgenic potato roots demonstrates that this enzyme plays a key role in the transfer of energy between the cytosolic adenine and uridine nucleotide pools and in the distribution of carbon between starch and cellulose.	Adenine	155-162	nucleoside diphosphate kinase	Solanum tuberosum	20-25
29727262-5	2018	Five mechanisms toward code closure are highlighted: 1) aaRS proofreading to remove mischarged amino acids from tRNA; 2) accurate aaRS active site specification of amino acid substrates; 3) aaRS-tRNA anticodon recognition; 4) conformational coupling proofreading of the anticodon-codon interaction; and 5) deamination of tRNA wobble adenine to inosine.	Adenine	333-340	alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	56-60
29727262-5	2018	Five mechanisms toward code closure are highlighted: 1) aaRS proofreading to remove mischarged amino acids from tRNA; 2) accurate aaRS active site specification of amino acid substrates; 3) aaRS-tRNA anticodon recognition; 4) conformational coupling proofreading of the anticodon-codon interaction; and 5) deamination of tRNA wobble adenine to inosine.	Adenine	333-340	alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	130-134
29727262-5	2018	Five mechanisms toward code closure are highlighted: 1) aaRS proofreading to remove mischarged amino acids from tRNA; 2) accurate aaRS active site specification of amino acid substrates; 3) aaRS-tRNA anticodon recognition; 4) conformational coupling proofreading of the anticodon-codon interaction; and 5) deamination of tRNA wobble adenine to inosine.	Adenine	333-340	alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	130-134
30337107-8	2018	RESULTS: The administration of adenine produced progressive kidney damage in the mice, thickening of the aortic wall, and increasing the expression of TGF-beta1 and ECM proteins.	Adenine	31-38	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	151-160
28888756-9	2017	In conclusion, topiroxostat and febuxostat attenuated renal damage under decreased AT1a expression in the adenine-induced renal injury model.	Adenine	106-113	angiotensin II receptor, type 1a	Mus musculus	83-87
29311795-3	2017	Based on previous studies indicating that a single nucleotide polymorphism in the serotonin 2A receptor gene [HTR2A rs6311 guanine (G) vs. adenine (A)] is associated with sensitivity to emotional stimuli and several mental disorders such as depression, we predicted that the polymorphism might be associated with the effect of sharing happiness.	Adenine	139-146	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens	110-115
29302130-5	2017	A total of 7600 discharge/self-recharge cycles (equivalent to 44 h of operation) of SC-MDC-AdE with a desalination chamber filled with an aqueous solution of 30 g L-1 NaCl are reported.	Adenine	91-94	C-C motif chemokine ligand 22	Homo sapiens	87-90
29218013-11	2017	Moreover, adenine induced a significant increase in the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the lung.	Adenine	10-17	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	70-113
29218013-11	2017	Moreover, adenine induced a significant increase in the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the lung.	Adenine	10-17	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	115-119
29218013-12	2017	We conclude that administration of adenine in mice induced CKD is accompanied by lung oxidative stress, DNA damage, apoptosis, and Nrf2 expression and fibrosis.	Adenine	35-42	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	131-135
28888756-1	2017	The aim of this study was to confirm the renoprotective effect of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibitor, topiroxostat, compared with another XOR inhibitor, febuxostat, under decreased angiotensin II type 1a (AT1a) receptor expression in the model of renal injury caused by adenine.	Adenine	275-282	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	91-94
29281965-5	2017	Recently, we identified a rare, functional DA transporter (DAT, SLC6A3) coding substitution, Ala559Val, in subjects with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), demonstrating that DAT Val559 imparts anomalous DA efflux (ADE) with attendant physiological, pharmacological, and behavioral phenotypes.	Adenine	229-232	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine), member 3	Mus musculus	43-57
29281965-5	2017	Recently, we identified a rare, functional DA transporter (DAT, SLC6A3) coding substitution, Ala559Val, in subjects with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), demonstrating that DAT Val559 imparts anomalous DA efflux (ADE) with attendant physiological, pharmacological, and behavioral phenotypes.	Adenine	229-232	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine), member 3	Mus musculus	59-62
29281965-5	2017	Recently, we identified a rare, functional DA transporter (DAT, SLC6A3) coding substitution, Ala559Val, in subjects with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), demonstrating that DAT Val559 imparts anomalous DA efflux (ADE) with attendant physiological, pharmacological, and behavioral phenotypes.	Adenine	229-232	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine), member 3	Mus musculus	64-70
29281965-5	2017	Recently, we identified a rare, functional DA transporter (DAT, SLC6A3) coding substitution, Ala559Val, in subjects with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), demonstrating that DAT Val559 imparts anomalous DA efflux (ADE) with attendant physiological, pharmacological, and behavioral phenotypes.	Adenine	229-232	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine), member 3	Mus musculus	189-192
29281965-6	2017	To understand the broader impact of ADE on ADHD, noninvasive measures sensitive to DAT reversal are needed.	Adenine	36-39	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine), member 3	Mus musculus	83-86
29281965-13	2017	CONCLUSIONS: These data reveal that noninvasive, in vivo evaluation of retinal responses to light can reveal physiological signatures of ADE, suggesting a possible approach to the segregation of neurobehavioral disorders based on the DAT-dependent control of DA signaling.	Adenine	137-140	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine), member 3	Mus musculus	234-237
29262316-7	2017	Mutations of the target adenine sites of METTL16 within the 3" UTR revealed that these m6As were redundantly required for regulation.	Adenine	24-31	methyltransferase 16, N6-methyladenosine	Homo sapiens	41-48
28705083-4	2017	Indeed, the pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine scaffold, being a deaza-isostere of adenine, the nitrogenous base of ATP, is an actively pursued target for Btk inhibitors.	Adenine	73-80	Bruton tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	145-148
29119917-3	2017	METHODS: Unlike human purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), E. coli PNP accepts adenine containing nucleosides as substrates, and is therefore able to selectively activate non-toxic purine analogs in tumor tissue.	Adenine	81-88	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	69-72
30023537-2	2017	Tuning substrate electronics and reaction conditions resulted in the development of highly efficient sp2-sp, sp2-sp2, and sp2-sp3 cross-coupling conditions for modification of 3-deazaadenine to access C3-modified adenine and hypoxanthine scaffolds.	Adenine	183-190	Sp2 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	101-104
28696247-8	2017	In rats, adenine-induced CKD associated with increased levels of miR-92a in aortas, serum, and CD144+ endothelial microparticles.	Adenine	9-16	cadherin 5	Homo sapiens	95-100
29113185-6	2017	Additional investigation demonstrated that adenine treatments significantly increased the number of acidic vesicular organelles and the level of autophagosomal microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha (LC3) marker.	Adenine	43-50	microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	160-212
29113185-6	2017	Additional investigation demonstrated that adenine treatments significantly increased the number of acidic vesicular organelles and the level of autophagosomal microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha (LC3) marker.	Adenine	43-50	microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	214-217
29113185-7	2017	By contrast, cleavage of caspase-9, caspase-3 and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase was insignificantly affected in K562 cells following adenine treatment.	Adenine	130-137	caspase 9	Homo sapiens	25-34
29113185-8	2017	In K562 cells, adenine was able to markedly promote the phosphorylation of AMPKalpha and suppress the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a downstream target of AMPK.	Adenine	15-22	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	121-150
29113185-8	2017	In K562 cells, adenine was able to markedly promote the phosphorylation of AMPKalpha and suppress the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a downstream target of AMPK.	Adenine	15-22	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	152-156
29113185-9	2017	In addition, inhibiting AMPK phosphorylation using dorsomorphin restored mTOR phosphorylation, inhibited the accumulation of LC3 and significantly recovered the suppressed cell viability in response to adenine.	Adenine	202-209	microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	125-128
28388001-5	2017	In addition, water-mediated hydrogen bonds are indicated to be critical in the specific recognition between hAgo2 and the conserved adenine in position 1 of target RNA.	Adenine	132-139	argonaute RISC catalytic component 2	Homo sapiens	108-113
29040261-0	2017	Effects of growth hormone treatment on growth plate, bone, and mineral metabolism of young rats with uremia induced by adenine.	Adenine	119-126	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	11-25
30023537-2	2017	Tuning substrate electronics and reaction conditions resulted in the development of highly efficient sp2-sp, sp2-sp2, and sp2-sp3 cross-coupling conditions for modification of 3-deazaadenine to access C3-modified adenine and hypoxanthine scaffolds.	Adenine	183-190	Sp2 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	109-112
30023537-2	2017	Tuning substrate electronics and reaction conditions resulted in the development of highly efficient sp2-sp, sp2-sp2, and sp2-sp3 cross-coupling conditions for modification of 3-deazaadenine to access C3-modified adenine and hypoxanthine scaffolds.	Adenine	183-190	Sp2 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	109-112
30023537-2	2017	Tuning substrate electronics and reaction conditions resulted in the development of highly efficient sp2-sp, sp2-sp2, and sp2-sp3 cross-coupling conditions for modification of 3-deazaadenine to access C3-modified adenine and hypoxanthine scaffolds.	Adenine	183-190	Sp2 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	109-112
30023537-2	2017	Tuning substrate electronics and reaction conditions resulted in the development of highly efficient sp2-sp, sp2-sp2, and sp2-sp3 cross-coupling conditions for modification of 3-deazaadenine to access C3-modified adenine and hypoxanthine scaffolds.	Adenine	183-190	Sp3 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	126-129
29078759-0	2017	Endothelin A receptor blocker and calcimimetic in the adenine rat model of chronic renal insufficiency.	Adenine	54-61	endothelin receptor type A	Rattus norvegicus	0-21
29078759-4	2017	RESULTS: Adenine caused tubulointerstitial damage with severe CRI, anemia, hyperphosphatemia, 1.8-fold increase in urinary calcium excretion, and 3.5-fold and 18-fold increases in plasma creatinine and PTH, respectively.	Adenine	9-16	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	202-205
29078759-6	2017	Adenine diet did not influence kidney angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and AT4 receptor mRNA, but reduced mRNA of renin, AT1a, AT2, (pro)renin receptor and Mas to 40-60%, and suppressed ACE2 to 6% of that in controls.	Adenine	0-7	renin	Rattus norvegicus	117-122
29078759-6	2017	Adenine diet did not influence kidney angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and AT4 receptor mRNA, but reduced mRNA of renin, AT1a, AT2, (pro)renin receptor and Mas to 40-60%, and suppressed ACE2 to 6% of that in controls.	Adenine	0-7	angiotensin II receptor, type 1a	Rattus norvegicus	124-128
29078759-6	2017	Adenine diet did not influence kidney angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and AT4 receptor mRNA, but reduced mRNA of renin, AT1a, AT2, (pro)renin receptor and Mas to 40-60%, and suppressed ACE2 to 6% of that in controls.	Adenine	0-7	angiotensin II receptor, type 2	Rattus norvegicus	130-154
29078759-6	2017	Adenine diet did not influence kidney angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and AT4 receptor mRNA, but reduced mRNA of renin, AT1a, AT2, (pro)renin receptor and Mas to 40-60%, and suppressed ACE2 to 6% of that in controls.	Adenine	0-7	angiotensin I converting enzyme 2	Rattus norvegicus	189-193
29037135-5	2017	Earlier, it was shown that the prionization of [SWI+] induces a nonsense suppression, which leads to weak growth of the [SWI+] strains containing mutant variants of the SUP35 gene and the nonsense allele ade1-14UGA on selective medium without adenine.	Adenine	243-250	translation termination factor GTPase eRF3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	169-174
29020632-5	2017	The effects were allele specific; a CDK7as mutation conferred both sensitivity to bulky adenine analogs and resistance to covalent inhibitors.	Adenine	88-95	cyclin dependent kinase 7	Homo sapiens	36-40
29037135-5	2017	Earlier, it was shown that the prionization of [SWI+] induces a nonsense suppression, which leads to weak growth of the [SWI+] strains containing mutant variants of the SUP35 gene and the nonsense allele ade1-14UGA on selective medium without adenine.	Adenine	243-250	phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	204-208
28705173-7	2017	An adenine-to-guanine mutation in the DNA fragment encoding miR-BART2-3p was detected in four of the 16 cases, and a cytosine-to-thymidine mutation in the DNA fragment encoding miR-BART11-3p was detected in one of the 16 samples.	Adenine	3-10	membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 8	Homo sapiens	60-63
28827110-2	2017	A series of novel 6-aminopurine compounds was prepared for structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of CDK2 and CDK5 inhibitors.	Adenine	18-31	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	108-112
28827110-2	2017	A series of novel 6-aminopurine compounds was prepared for structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of CDK2 and CDK5 inhibitors.	Adenine	18-31	cyclin dependent kinase 5	Homo sapiens	117-121
28827110-4	2017	Here, we report the synthesis and evaluation of novel 6-aminopurine derivatives and present molecular docking models of compound 81 with CDK2 and CDK5.	Adenine	54-67	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	137-141
28827110-4	2017	Here, we report the synthesis and evaluation of novel 6-aminopurine derivatives and present molecular docking models of compound 81 with CDK2 and CDK5.	Adenine	54-67	cyclin dependent kinase 5	Homo sapiens	146-150
28814753-8	2017	We also noticed that low amounts of adenine in media could lead to higher levels of mitochondrial DNA in [PSI +] in ade1-14 cells.	Adenine	36-43	phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	116-120
28290664-3	2017	These, collectively, assess the activities of adenine (6-amino-purine) derivatives modified at several positions to enhance selectivity for NCS-Rapgef2 by decreasing affinity for adenylate cyclase (AC), without increasing affinity for PKA or Epac.	Adenine	46-53	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens	242-246
28387457-10	2017	We find that RyR1 channels from Tric-a KO mice respond normally to cytosolic Ca2+ , ATP, adenine, caffeine and to luminal Ca2+ .	Adenine	89-96	ryanodine receptor 1, skeletal muscle	Mus musculus	13-17
28387457-10	2017	We find that RyR1 channels from Tric-a KO mice respond normally to cytosolic Ca2+ , ATP, adenine, caffeine and to luminal Ca2+ .	Adenine	89-96	transmembrane protein 38A	Mus musculus	32-38
28954928-6	2017	Furthermore, transplantation of hiPSC-EPO cells into mice with CKD induced by adenine treatment improved renal anemia.	Adenine	78-85	erythropoietin	Mus musculus	38-41
28416226-8	2017	Intriguingly, the kidneys of adenine-fed CKD mice displayed deregulated HDAC3 up-regulation.	Adenine	29-36	histone deacetylase 3	Mus musculus	72-77
28476556-7	2017	After AKI in adenine-induced CKD, serum creatinine increased more rapidly, while increased urinary KIM-1, clusterin, and MCP-1 were delayed and reduced.	Adenine	13-20	hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	99-104
28476556-7	2017	After AKI in adenine-induced CKD, serum creatinine increased more rapidly, while increased urinary KIM-1, clusterin, and MCP-1 were delayed and reduced.	Adenine	13-20	clusterin	Rattus norvegicus	106-115
28476556-7	2017	After AKI in adenine-induced CKD, serum creatinine increased more rapidly, while increased urinary KIM-1, clusterin, and MCP-1 were delayed and reduced.	Adenine	13-20	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Rattus norvegicus	121-126
28666871-8	2017	Moreover, the altered balance between the binding of the adenine/nicotinamide portions of the coenzyme determines a large drop in AIF-G307E ability to discriminate between NADH and NADPH.	Adenine	57-64	apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 1	Homo sapiens	130-133
28700826-5	2017	Moreover, when the annealed coal/GCE sensor was applied for the determination of ascorbic acid, dopamine, uric acid, guanine, and adenine commonly contained in blood samples and urine samples, it also exhibited excellent detection performance with strong electrocatalytic activity.	Adenine	130-137	aminomethyltransferase	Homo sapiens	33-36
28422400-5	2017	This process involved reaction of an abasic (Ap) site in a probe strand with an adenine residue in the target strand and was used for the detection of a disease-relevant T A mutation at position 1799 of the human BRAF kinase gene sequence.	Adenine	80-87	B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	213-217
28370705-4	2017	The coordination between the thymine/adenine groups and Hg2+ /Ag+ leads to the formation of aggregates, which restricts the intramolecular vibrations of DPAC and the intramolecular rotations of TPE, activating the AIE effect of TPE and resulting in the bent form of DPAC.	Adenine	37-44	polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting pseudogene 2	Homo sapiens	56-59
28686724-3	2017	Gemigliptin attenuated calcification of abdominal aorta and expression of RUNX2 in adenine-induced chronic kidney disease rats.	Adenine	83-90	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	74-79
28654101-1	2017	A new adenine-containing metal-organic framework (MOF), [Zn4O(adenine)4(benzene-1,3-dicarboxylate)4Zn2] (named as ZnBDCA), was synthesized solvothermally.	Adenine	6-13	lysine acetyltransferase 8	Homo sapiens	25-55
28944232-5	2017	RESULTS: In this series, we found four pathogenic mutations, three previously reported (BRCA1: c.302-1G&gt;C and c.815_824dup10; BRCA2: c.5946delT) and a duplication of adenines in exon 15 in BRCA1 gene (c.4647_4648dupAA, ClinVar SCV000256598.1).	Adenine	169-177	BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	88-93
28376076-0	2017	Effects of growth hormone treatment on growth plate, bone, and mineral metabolism of young rats with uremia induced by adenine.	Adenine	119-126	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	11-25
28376076-2	2017	AD and ADGH rats had similarly elevated serum concentrations of urea nitrogen, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23).ResultsUremia induced by adenine caused growth retardation and disturbed growth cartilage chondrocyte hypertrophy.	Adenine	171-178	fibroblast growth factor 23	Rattus norvegicus	110-137
28376076-2	2017	AD and ADGH rats had similarly elevated serum concentrations of urea nitrogen, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23).ResultsUremia induced by adenine caused growth retardation and disturbed growth cartilage chondrocyte hypertrophy.	Adenine	171-178	fibroblast growth factor 23	Rattus norvegicus	139-144
28944232-5	2017	RESULTS: In this series, we found four pathogenic mutations, three previously reported (BRCA1: c.302-1G&gt;C and c.815_824dup10; BRCA2: c.5946delT) and a duplication of adenines in exon 15 in BRCA1 gene (c.4647_4648dupAA, ClinVar SCV000256598.1).	Adenine	169-177	BRCA2 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	129-134
27890638-7	2017	Importantly, in DNA repair deficient cells bacterial MutY, human TDG and mammalian MMR can act in the aberrant manner: MutY and TDG removes adenine and thymine opposite misincorporated 8-oxoguanine and damaged adenine, respectively, whereas MMR removes thymine opposite to O6-methylguanine.	Adenine	140-147	thymine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	65-68
28512204-4	2017	Unlike its bacterial orthologue, RBFA associates mainly with helices 44 and 45 of the 12S rRNA in the mitoribosomal small subunit to promote dimethylation of two highly conserved consecutive adenines.	Adenine	191-199	ribosome binding factor A	Homo sapiens	33-37
28445691-5	2017	Here we show that Tis11, an Adenine-uridine Rich Element (ARE) binding protein that promotes mRNA degradation, is required to re-establish basal proliferation rates of adult Drosophila intestinal stem cells (ISC) after a regenerative episode.	Adenine	28-35	Tis11 zinc finger protein	Drosophila melanogaster	18-23
28551381-2	2017	When operating normally, the MUTYH DNA glycosylase prevents 8-oxoguanine-related mutagenesis by excising the incorporated adenine.	Adenine	122-129	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	29-34
27890638-6	2017	Mismatch-specific adenine- and thymine-DNA glycosylases (MutY/MUTYH and TDG/MBD4, respectively) initiated BER and mismatch repair (MMR) pathways can recognize and remove normal DNA bases in mismatched DNA duplexes.	Adenine	18-25	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	62-67
27890638-6	2017	Mismatch-specific adenine- and thymine-DNA glycosylases (MutY/MUTYH and TDG/MBD4, respectively) initiated BER and mismatch repair (MMR) pathways can recognize and remove normal DNA bases in mismatched DNA duplexes.	Adenine	18-25	thymine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	72-75
27890638-7	2017	Importantly, in DNA repair deficient cells bacterial MutY, human TDG and mammalian MMR can act in the aberrant manner: MutY and TDG removes adenine and thymine opposite misincorporated 8-oxoguanine and damaged adenine, respectively, whereas MMR removes thymine opposite to O6-methylguanine.	Adenine	140-147	thymine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	128-131
27890638-6	2017	Mismatch-specific adenine- and thymine-DNA glycosylases (MutY/MUTYH and TDG/MBD4, respectively) initiated BER and mismatch repair (MMR) pathways can recognize and remove normal DNA bases in mismatched DNA duplexes.	Adenine	18-25	methyl-CpG binding domain 4, DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	76-80
27890638-7	2017	Importantly, in DNA repair deficient cells bacterial MutY, human TDG and mammalian MMR can act in the aberrant manner: MutY and TDG removes adenine and thymine opposite misincorporated 8-oxoguanine and damaged adenine, respectively, whereas MMR removes thymine opposite to O6-methylguanine.	Adenine	210-217	thymine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	65-68
27890638-7	2017	Importantly, in DNA repair deficient cells bacterial MutY, human TDG and mammalian MMR can act in the aberrant manner: MutY and TDG removes adenine and thymine opposite misincorporated 8-oxoguanine and damaged adenine, respectively, whereas MMR removes thymine opposite to O6-methylguanine.	Adenine	210-217	thymine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	128-131
28087410-3	2017	MUTYH removes adenine (A) from 8-oxoG:A mispairs, thus mitigating the potential of G:C to T:A transversion mutations from occurring in the genome.	Adenine	14-21	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	0-5
28442634-3	2017	In a rat model of HN induced by feeding mixture of adenine and potassium oxonate, increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation and severe glomerular sclerosis and renal interstitial fibrosis were evident, in parallel with diminished levels of renal function and increased urine microalbumin excretion.	Adenine	51-58	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	92-98
28584646-2	2017	Herein, we report a 38-year-old patient with a novel single adenine insertion mutation in exon 2 of the NFIX gene (c.290_291insA).	Adenine	60-67	nuclear factor I X	Homo sapiens	104-108
28408432-0	2017	1,N6-alpha-hydroxypropanoadenine, the acrolein adduct to adenine, is a substrate for AlkB dioxygenase.	Adenine	25-32	alkB homolog 1, histone H2A dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	85-89
28489879-2	2017	Previous studies have shown that a mutation from cytosine (C) to adenine (A) in the doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 3 (DMRT3) gene has a major impact on harness racing performance of different breeds.	Adenine	65-72	doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 3	Equus caballus	84-134
28494029-6	2017	We also found the introduction of adaptive mutation around miR-122 binding site in the genotype 1b/2a chimeric virus, which originally had an adenine at the nucleotide position 29.	Adenine	142-149	microRNA 122	Homo sapiens	59-66
28489879-2	2017	Previous studies have shown that a mutation from cytosine (C) to adenine (A) in the doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 3 (DMRT3) gene has a major impact on harness racing performance of different breeds.	Adenine	65-72	doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 3	Equus caballus	136-141
28503312-4	2017	We found that this patient possessed a novel germline mutation of the MEN1 gene [NM_137099.2:c.1505dupA (p.Lys502Lysfs); the localization was Chr11:64572134 on Assembly GRCh37], in which an adenine insertion in codon 502 of the MEN1 gene resulted in a frame shift and a premature stop codon.	Adenine	190-197	menin 1	Homo sapiens	70-74
28468941-0	2017	Aberrant caveolin-1-mediated Smad signaling and proliferation identified by analysis of adenine 474 deletion mutation (c.474delA) in patient fibroblasts: a new perspective on the mechanism of pulmonary hypertension.	Adenine	88-95	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	9-19
28468941-0	2017	Aberrant caveolin-1-mediated Smad signaling and proliferation identified by analysis of adenine 474 deletion mutation (c.474delA) in patient fibroblasts: a new perspective on the mechanism of pulmonary hypertension.	Adenine	88-95	SMAD family member 1	Homo sapiens	29-33
27381823-6	2017	At 8 h reperfusion, polysome-associated mRNAs contained 46.1% of ischemia-upregulated mRNAs containing adenine and rich uridine elements in CA3, but only 18.7% in CA1.	Adenine	103-110	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	140-143
28387374-3	2017	Mice fed adenine-containing diet developed the expected renal damage, a substantial Klotho loss and the deregulated key factors causally affecting bone remodeling, which were accompanied by a marked reduction of bone mineral density.	Adenine	9-16	klotho	Mus musculus	84-90
27790829-1	2017	Genome-wide studies have identified allele A (adenine) of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1006737 of the calcium-channel CACNA1C gene as a risk factor for both schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) as well as allele A for rs1344706 in the ZNF804A gene.	Adenine	46-53	calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C	Homo sapiens	128-135
27790829-1	2017	Genome-wide studies have identified allele A (adenine) of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1006737 of the calcium-channel CACNA1C gene as a risk factor for both schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) as well as allele A for rs1344706 in the ZNF804A gene.	Adenine	46-53	zinc finger protein 804A	Homo sapiens	253-260
27381823-7	2017	Since mRNAs containing adenine and rich uridine elements regulation are important to several cellular stress responses, our results suggest CA1 is disadvantaged compared to CA3 in coping with ischemic stress, and this is expected to be an important contributing factor to CA1 selective vulnerability.	Adenine	23-30	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	140-143
27135296-8	2017	In all five cases, a replacement of guanine by adenine was revealed in the intron region between the sixth and the seventh exons of GAPDS.	Adenine	47-54	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	132-137
27995448-7	2017	Binding of hENT1 to adenosine, deoxyadenosine, and adenine by isothermal titration calorimetry is in general agreement with results of the competitive inhibition assays.	Adenine	51-58	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	11-16
28298490-0	2017	Aberrant Caveolin-1-Mediated Smad Signaling and Proliferation Identified by Analysis of Adenine 474 Deletion Mutation (c.474delA) in Patient Fibroblasts: A New Perspective in the Mechanism of Pulmonary Hypertension.	Adenine	88-95	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	9-19
28298490-0	2017	Aberrant Caveolin-1-Mediated Smad Signaling and Proliferation Identified by Analysis of Adenine 474 Deletion Mutation (c.474delA) in Patient Fibroblasts: A New Perspective in the Mechanism of Pulmonary Hypertension.	Adenine	88-95	SMAD family member 1	Homo sapiens	29-33
28195550-8	2017	RESULTS: Sequencing exon 10 of the TSHR gene revealed a novel heterozygous missense mutation substituting cytosine to adenine at nucleotide position 1534 in the patient"s peripheral blood leukocytes.	Adenine	118-125	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	35-39
30108807-7	2017	The mechanism of the reported salutary effects of LIM in adenine-induced CRF is associated with amelioration of the adenine induced inflammation and oxidative stress.	Adenine	57-64	PDZ and LIM domain 5	Mus musculus	50-53
28233346-6	2017	A predicted p.H441P missense mutation was identified in NPC1, the gene causing Niemann-Pick type C1 on cat chromosome D3.47456793 caused by an adenine-to-cytosine transversion, c.1322A&gt;C. The cat was homozygous for the variant.	Adenine	143-150	NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1	Felis catus	56-60
30108807-7	2017	The mechanism of the reported salutary effects of LIM in adenine-induced CRF is associated with amelioration of the adenine induced inflammation and oxidative stress.	Adenine	116-123	PDZ and LIM domain 5	Mus musculus	50-53
27518115-3	2017	Since the first prebiotic synthesis of adenine by Oro, HCN polymers have gained much interest in studies on the origins of life due to the identification of biomonomers and related compounds within them.	Adenine	39-46	metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1	Homo sapiens	55-58
27253753-6	2017	Both the capacities to cleave DNA containing adenine:8OHG mispairs and to suppress mutations caused by 8OHG were significantly lower in prostatic cell lines with lower MUTYH expression than in prostatic cell lines with higher MUTYH expression.	Adenine	45-52	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	168-173
27769870-6	2017	BRAF exon 15 mutations were found in 11 (65%) of the 17 cases of MST, all corresponding to a thymidine-to-adenine substitution at codon 600 (BRAF V600E).	Adenine	106-113	B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-4
28092664-4	2017	Adenine and N4-acetylcytidine, nucleotide-derived metabolites that are detectable in the blood of the former group, prime and activate the NLRC4 inflammasome, induce the production of IL-1beta, activate platelets and neutrophils and elevate blood pressure in mice.	Adenine	0-7	NLR family, CARD domain containing 4	Mus musculus	139-144
28092664-4	2017	Adenine and N4-acetylcytidine, nucleotide-derived metabolites that are detectable in the blood of the former group, prime and activate the NLRC4 inflammasome, induce the production of IL-1beta, activate platelets and neutrophils and elevate blood pressure in mice.	Adenine	0-7	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	184-192
27887868-2	2017	These uracil lesions base-pair with adenines during the completion of reverse transcription and result in A3G signature G-to-A mutations in the viral genome.	Adenine	36-44	apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3G	Homo sapiens	106-109
28025140-0	2017	Protease-activated receptor 2 exacerbates adenine-induced renal tubulointerstitial injury in mice.	Adenine	42-49	coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor-like 1	Mus musculus	0-29
28025140-8	2017	Our data indicate that PAR2 is critically important in the pathogenesis of adenine-induced tubular injury.	Adenine	75-82	coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor-like 1	Mus musculus	23-27
27976868-7	2017	Furthermore, the calculations show that the human PNP specificity for 6-oxopurines over 6-aminopurines originates from significant differences in electrostatic preorganization.	Adenine	88-102	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	50-53
27881650-2	2017	A3F and A3G are deoxycytidine deaminases that inhibit HIV-1 replication by inducing guanine-to-adenine hypermutation through deamination of cytosine to form uracil in minus-strand DNA.	Adenine	95-102	apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3G	Homo sapiens	8-11
26992556-1	2017	BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by the expansion of a cytosine-adenine-guanine triplet located in the coding region of the ATXN7 gene, which is characterized by cerebellar ataxia, pigmentary macular degeneration, and dysarthria.	Adenine	140-147	ataxin 7	Homo sapiens	23-52
27918638-5	2017	Co-crystallization of the PARP14/H10 complex indicated H10 bound to both the nicotinamide and the adenine subsites.	Adenine	98-105	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase family member 14	Homo sapiens	26-32
27918638-5	2017	Co-crystallization of the PARP14/H10 complex indicated H10 bound to both the nicotinamide and the adenine subsites.	Adenine	98-105	H1.0 linker histone	Homo sapiens	33-36
27918638-5	2017	Co-crystallization of the PARP14/H10 complex indicated H10 bound to both the nicotinamide and the adenine subsites.	Adenine	98-105	H1.0 linker histone	Homo sapiens	55-58
27846632-4	2017	METHODS: In the present study, we assessed tissue concentrations of K1 and MK-4 and the expression of vitamin K-related genes in a rat model of adenine-induced CKD.	Adenine	144-151	keratin 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-79
28691026-9	2017	CONCLUSIONS: Quercetin exerted a protective effect on vascular calcification in adenine-induced chronic renal failure rats, possibly through the modulation of oxidative stress and iNOs/p38MAPK pathway.	Adenine	80-87	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	180-184
26992556-1	2017	BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by the expansion of a cytosine-adenine-guanine triplet located in the coding region of the ATXN7 gene, which is characterized by cerebellar ataxia, pigmentary macular degeneration, and dysarthria.	Adenine	140-147	ataxin 7	Homo sapiens	54-58
26992556-1	2017	BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by the expansion of a cytosine-adenine-guanine triplet located in the coding region of the ATXN7 gene, which is characterized by cerebellar ataxia, pigmentary macular degeneration, and dysarthria.	Adenine	140-147	ataxin 7	Homo sapiens	200-205
28027394-3	2017	Using an in vitro cleavage assay, we show that adenine to cytosine nucleotide substitution at the +1 position in the 3" splice site of HAC1 RNA is required for specific cleavage by hIRE1alpha.	Adenine	47-54	tripartite motif containing 3	Homo sapiens	135-139
28027394-3	2017	Using an in vitro cleavage assay, we show that adenine to cytosine nucleotide substitution at the +1 position in the 3" splice site of HAC1 RNA is required for specific cleavage by hIRE1alpha.	Adenine	47-54	endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1	Homo sapiens	181-191
29098062-4	2017	We found that both the SMUG1 protein and the TDG protein exhibit DNA glycosylase activity against thymine mispaired with 8BrG and that the MUTYH protein exhibits DNA glycosylase activity against adenine mispaired with 8BrG.	Adenine	195-202	single-strand-selective monofunctional uracil-DNA glycosylase 1	Homo sapiens	23-28
28494721-3	2017	Studies suggest methylation of Adenine residues (m6A) to be widespread in the transcriptome with potentially important roles in biological processes.	Adenine	31-38	glycoprotein M6A	Homo sapiens	49-52
29098062-4	2017	We found that both the SMUG1 protein and the TDG protein exhibit DNA glycosylase activity against thymine mispaired with 8BrG and that the MUTYH protein exhibits DNA glycosylase activity against adenine mispaired with 8BrG.	Adenine	195-202	thymine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	45-48
29098062-4	2017	We found that both the SMUG1 protein and the TDG protein exhibit DNA glycosylase activity against thymine mispaired with 8BrG and that the MUTYH protein exhibits DNA glycosylase activity against adenine mispaired with 8BrG.	Adenine	195-202	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	139-144
27872711-0	2016	Ozone therapy could attenuate tubulointerstitial injury in adenine-induced CKD rats by mediating Nrf2 and NF-kappaB.	Adenine	59-66	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	97-101
27911957-11	2016	By using the globin reporter construct containing TNF-alpha mRNA 3"-untranslated region, the data indicate that TTP directly targets the adenine- and uridine-rich region (ARE) of TNF-alpha mRNA and negatively regulates TNF-alpha expression at the post-transcriptional level.	Adenine	137-144	ZFP36 ring finger protein	Homo sapiens	112-115
27911957-11	2016	By using the globin reporter construct containing TNF-alpha mRNA 3"-untranslated region, the data indicate that TTP directly targets the adenine- and uridine-rich region (ARE) of TNF-alpha mRNA and negatively regulates TNF-alpha expression at the post-transcriptional level.	Adenine	137-144	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	179-188
27911957-11	2016	By using the globin reporter construct containing TNF-alpha mRNA 3"-untranslated region, the data indicate that TTP directly targets the adenine- and uridine-rich region (ARE) of TNF-alpha mRNA and negatively regulates TNF-alpha expression at the post-transcriptional level.	Adenine	137-144	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	179-188
27902333-7	2016	By contrast, plant-produced E60 exhibited reduced ADE activity in Fc gamma receptor expressing human cells.	Adenine	50-53	Fc gamma receptor Ia	Homo sapiens	66-83
27654890-1	2016	Mutations in adenine biosynthesis pathway genes ADE1 and ADE2 have been conventionally used to score for prion [PSI+ ] in yeast.	Adenine	13-20	phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	48-52
27654890-1	2016	Mutations in adenine biosynthesis pathway genes ADE1 and ADE2 have been conventionally used to score for prion [PSI+ ] in yeast.	Adenine	13-20	phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase ADE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	57-61
27823671-5	2016	The SERS performance of the in situ synthesized nanoparticles is tested by using adenine as a test analyte right after the colloid synthesis.	Adenine	81-88	seryl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	4-8
27440777-0	2016	Lack of hepcidin ameliorates anemia and improves growth in an adenine-induced mouse model of chronic kidney disease.	Adenine	62-69	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Mus musculus	8-16
27440777-7	2016	WT adenine-fed mice were anemic and had low serum iron, elevated Hamp, and elevated IL6 and TNF-alpha.	Adenine	3-10	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Mus musculus	65-69
27440777-7	2016	WT adenine-fed mice were anemic and had low serum iron, elevated Hamp, and elevated IL6 and TNF-alpha.	Adenine	3-10	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	84-87
27440777-7	2016	WT adenine-fed mice were anemic and had low serum iron, elevated Hamp, and elevated IL6 and TNF-alpha.	Adenine	3-10	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	92-101
27440777-8	2016	WT adenine-fed mice had advanced mineral bone disease (serum phosphorus 16.9 +- 3.1 mg/dl and FGF23 204.0 +- 115.0 ng/ml) with loss of cortical and trabecular bone volume seen on microcomputed tomography.	Adenine	3-10	fibroblast growth factor 23	Mus musculus	94-99
27872711-1	2016	OBJECTIVES: This study aims to determine the effects of ozone therapy on restoring impaired Nrf2 activation to ameliorate chronic tubulointerstitial injury in rats with adenine-induced CKD.	Adenine	169-176	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	92-96
27872711-12	2016	CONCLUSION: These findings indicated that ozone therapy could attenuate tubulointerstitial injury in rats with adenine-induced CKD by mediating Nrf2 and NF-kappaB.	Adenine	111-118	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	144-148
27291966-0	2016	Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in a triphasic rat model of adenine-induced kidney injury.	Adenine	71-78	lipocalin 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-42
27291966-1	2016	The aim of this study is to investigate whether NGAL, given its advantages over traditional biomarkers, can be used to describe the dynamic characteristics of the renal tubulointerstitial insult caused by adenine.	Adenine	205-212	lipocalin 2	Rattus norvegicus	48-52
27714155-3	2016	Two designed analogues of the RNase A protein molecule that contained an adenine moiety covalently bound to distinct amino acid side chains adjacent to the adenine binding pocket were prepared.	Adenine	73-80	ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic	Homo sapiens	30-37
27714155-3	2016	Two designed analogues of the RNase A protein molecule that contained an adenine moiety covalently bound to distinct amino acid side chains adjacent to the adenine binding pocket were prepared.	Adenine	156-163	ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic	Homo sapiens	30-37
27273892-3	2016	It differs from HLA-B*40:186:01 by a synonymous change (adenine to cytosine) at position 165 in exon 2.	Adenine	56-63	major histocompatibility complex, class I, B	Homo sapiens	16-21
27721668-1	2016	In Archaea repair of uracil and hypoxanthine, which arise by deamination of cytosine and adenine, respectively, is initiated by three enzymes: Uracil-DNA-glycosylase (UDG, which recognises uracil); Endonuclease V (EndoV, which recognises hypoxanthine); and Endonuclease Q (EndoQ), (which recognises both uracil and hypoxanthine).	Adenine	89-96	uracil DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	143-165
27721668-1	2016	In Archaea repair of uracil and hypoxanthine, which arise by deamination of cytosine and adenine, respectively, is initiated by three enzymes: Uracil-DNA-glycosylase (UDG, which recognises uracil); Endonuclease V (EndoV, which recognises hypoxanthine); and Endonuclease Q (EndoQ), (which recognises both uracil and hypoxanthine).	Adenine	89-96	uracil DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	167-170
27721668-1	2016	In Archaea repair of uracil and hypoxanthine, which arise by deamination of cytosine and adenine, respectively, is initiated by three enzymes: Uracil-DNA-glycosylase (UDG, which recognises uracil); Endonuclease V (EndoV, which recognises hypoxanthine); and Endonuclease Q (EndoQ), (which recognises both uracil and hypoxanthine).	Adenine	89-96	endonuclease V	Homo sapiens	198-212
27721668-1	2016	In Archaea repair of uracil and hypoxanthine, which arise by deamination of cytosine and adenine, respectively, is initiated by three enzymes: Uracil-DNA-glycosylase (UDG, which recognises uracil); Endonuclease V (EndoV, which recognises hypoxanthine); and Endonuclease Q (EndoQ), (which recognises both uracil and hypoxanthine).	Adenine	89-96	endonuclease V	Homo sapiens	214-219
27476423-1	2016	Fifteen new substituted adenines were synthesized as potential TLR7 agonists.	Adenine	24-32	toll like receptor 7	Homo sapiens	63-67
27318925-10	2016	Intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) measurement demonstrated that adenine inhibits Ang II- and m-3M3FBS (PLC agonist)-induced [Ca(2+)]i elevation.	Adenine	77-84	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	94-100
27588175-4	2016	The insertion of an adenine (A) base in the promoter of the MMP-3 gene at position -1612/-1617 produces a sequence of six adenines (6A), whereas the other allele has five (5A).	Adenine	20-27	matrix metallopeptidase 3	Homo sapiens	60-65
27588175-4	2016	The insertion of an adenine (A) base in the promoter of the MMP-3 gene at position -1612/-1617 produces a sequence of six adenines (6A), whereas the other allele has five (5A).	Adenine	122-130	matrix metallopeptidase 3	Homo sapiens	60-65
27706598-7	2016	In addition, guanine 7112 was substituted by adenine in the Mtap1B mRNA, and an A2333T mutation was identified in Mtap1B.	Adenine	45-52	microtubule-associated protein 1B	Mus musculus	60-66
27322834-3	2016	It was found that adenine caused significant decrease in body mass, Hb, HR, serum Ca(2+), eNOS and nrf2 expression, GSH, and catalase in kidney tissues with significant increase in arterial blood pressure (ABP), serum creatinine, BUN, plasma renin activity (PRA), K(+) and P, urinary albumin excretion (UAE), caspase-3, and MDA (lipid peroxidation marker) in kidney tissues compared to normal group (p &lt; 0.05).	Adenine	18-25	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	99-103
27322834-3	2016	It was found that adenine caused significant decrease in body mass, Hb, HR, serum Ca(2+), eNOS and nrf2 expression, GSH, and catalase in kidney tissues with significant increase in arterial blood pressure (ABP), serum creatinine, BUN, plasma renin activity (PRA), K(+) and P, urinary albumin excretion (UAE), caspase-3, and MDA (lipid peroxidation marker) in kidney tissues compared to normal group (p &lt; 0.05).	Adenine	18-25	renin	Rattus norvegicus	242-247
27322834-3	2016	It was found that adenine caused significant decrease in body mass, Hb, HR, serum Ca(2+), eNOS and nrf2 expression, GSH, and catalase in kidney tissues with significant increase in arterial blood pressure (ABP), serum creatinine, BUN, plasma renin activity (PRA), K(+) and P, urinary albumin excretion (UAE), caspase-3, and MDA (lipid peroxidation marker) in kidney tissues compared to normal group (p &lt; 0.05).	Adenine	18-25	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	309-318
27394096-2	2016	We proposed a coarse-grained Gaussian network model (GNM) to examine the unfolding and folding dynamics of adenosine deaminase (add) A-riboswitch upon the adenine dissociation, in which the RNA is modeled by a nucleotide chain with interaction networks formed by connecting adjoining atomic contacts.	Adenine	155-162	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	107-126
26907800-0	2016	Ozone therapy ameliorates tubulointerstitial inflammation by regulating TLR4 in adenine-induced CKD rats.	Adenine	80-87	toll-like receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	72-76
27079946-3	2016	Previously, we synthesized an adenine analog, designated SZU101, a TLR7-specific ligand.	Adenine	30-37	toll like receptor 7	Homo sapiens	67-71
27323176-4	2016	The TNFR1 gene contains a polymorphism that replaced an adenine with a cytosine at the -383 in promoter region position.	Adenine	56-63	TNF receptor superfamily member 1A	Homo sapiens	4-9
27029427-0	2016	Renoprotective effect of the xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor topiroxostat on adenine-induced renal injury.	Adenine	79-86	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	29-52
27029427-1	2016	The aim of the present study was to reveal the effect of a xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibitor, topiroxostat (Top), compared with another inhibitor, febuxostat (Feb), in an adenine-induced renal injury model.	Adenine	177-184	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	59-82
27029427-1	2016	The aim of the present study was to reveal the effect of a xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibitor, topiroxostat (Top), compared with another inhibitor, febuxostat (Feb), in an adenine-induced renal injury model.	Adenine	177-184	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	84-87
27029427-8	2016	Urinary excretion of L-FABP in both the Top-H and Top-L groups was significantly lower than in the adenine and Feb groups.	Adenine	99-106	fatty acid binding protein 1, liver	Mus musculus	21-27
26719496-5	2016	The guanine-to-adenine change causes substitution of the normal glutamic acid codon (GAG) with a mutant lysine codon (AAG) at position 312 (E312 K mutation).	Adenine	15-22	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	118-121
26477317-8	2016	A fine characterization of the DNA deformation caused by p53 binding is obtained, with "static" deformations always present and measured by the slide parameter in the central thymine-adenine base pairs; we also detect "dynamic" deformations switched on and off by particular p53 tetrameric conformations and measured by the roll and twist parameters in the same base pairs.	Adenine	183-190	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	57-60
27166765-0	2016	Adenine Inhibits TNF-alpha Signaling in Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Reduces Mucosal Inflammation in a Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis Mouse Model.	Adenine	0-7	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	17-26
27166765-4	2016	In intestinal epithelial cells, adenine significantly inhibited tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced interleukin-8 secretion.	Adenine	32-39	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	64-91
27166765-4	2016	In intestinal epithelial cells, adenine significantly inhibited tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced interleukin-8 secretion.	Adenine	32-39	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 15	Mus musculus	100-113
26243339-2	2016	The UK population is unique in that the majority of patients have the T60A missense mutation in ATTR where tyrosine is replaced by adenine at position 60.	Adenine	131-138	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	96-100
26907800-3	2016	The aim of this study is to examine whether ozone therapy could ameliorate chronic tubulointerstitium inflammation by suppressing TLR4 in adenine-induced CKD rats.	Adenine	138-145	toll-like receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	130-134
26907800-11	2016	In addition, ozone therapy suppressed excessive activation of TLR4 and p-NF-kappaB P65 in the tubulointerstitium of adenine-induced CKD rats, accompanied by the reduction of inflammation-related cytokines including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin-6 (IL-6).	Adenine	116-123	toll-like receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	62-66
26907800-11	2016	In addition, ozone therapy suppressed excessive activation of TLR4 and p-NF-kappaB P65 in the tubulointerstitium of adenine-induced CKD rats, accompanied by the reduction of inflammation-related cytokines including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin-6 (IL-6).	Adenine	116-123	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Rattus norvegicus	251-256
26907800-11	2016	In addition, ozone therapy suppressed excessive activation of TLR4 and p-NF-kappaB P65 in the tubulointerstitium of adenine-induced CKD rats, accompanied by the reduction of inflammation-related cytokines including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin-6 (IL-6).	Adenine	116-123	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	259-286
26907800-11	2016	In addition, ozone therapy suppressed excessive activation of TLR4 and p-NF-kappaB P65 in the tubulointerstitium of adenine-induced CKD rats, accompanied by the reduction of inflammation-related cytokines including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin-6 (IL-6).	Adenine	116-123	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	288-297
26907800-11	2016	In addition, ozone therapy suppressed excessive activation of TLR4 and p-NF-kappaB P65 in the tubulointerstitium of adenine-induced CKD rats, accompanied by the reduction of inflammation-related cytokines including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin-6 (IL-6).	Adenine	116-123	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	300-317
26907800-11	2016	In addition, ozone therapy suppressed excessive activation of TLR4 and p-NF-kappaB P65 in the tubulointerstitium of adenine-induced CKD rats, accompanied by the reduction of inflammation-related cytokines including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin-6 (IL-6).	Adenine	116-123	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	319-327
26907800-11	2016	In addition, ozone therapy suppressed excessive activation of TLR4 and p-NF-kappaB P65 in the tubulointerstitium of adenine-induced CKD rats, accompanied by the reduction of inflammation-related cytokines including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin-6 (IL-6).	Adenine	116-123	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	333-346
26907800-11	2016	In addition, ozone therapy suppressed excessive activation of TLR4 and p-NF-kappaB P65 in the tubulointerstitium of adenine-induced CKD rats, accompanied by the reduction of inflammation-related cytokines including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin-6 (IL-6).	Adenine	116-123	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	348-352
26907800-13	2016	These findings indicated ozone therapy could attenuate tubulointerstitium inflammation injury in adenine-induced CKD rats and the mechanism might associate with the mediation of TLR4.	Adenine	97-104	toll-like receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	178-182
26942627-3	2016	Because of the structural resemblance to adenine and guanine and their related derivatives as adenosine, guanosine, cAMP, cGMP and similar biomolecules, many thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidines scaffold were developed and utilized by medicinal chemists to design novel therapeutics.	Adenine	41-48	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	116-120
27141831-5	2016	Analysis of the GJB2 gene nucleotide sequence revealed the substitution of guanine-148 by adenine predicted to result in an Asp50Asn amino acid substitution.	Adenine	90-97	gap junction protein beta 2	Homo sapiens	16-20
25208181-3	2016	An extra nucleotide (C) was determined at position 174 relative to the ND3 sequence, and an insertion of three adenines was found directly preceding the stop codon of Cytb.	Adenine	111-119	CYTB	Accipiter nisus	167-171
26819315-1	2016	Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP), a key enzyme in the adenine and methionine salvage pathways, catalyzes the hydrolysis of methylthioadenosine (MTA), a compound suggested to affect pivotal cellular processes in part through the regulation of protein methylation.	Adenine	62-69	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	35-39
26985580-5	2016	The cognate substrates 6-aminopurines (inosine and guanosine) interact with PNP through extensive hydrogen bonding, but the substrate specificity is found to be a direct result of the electrostatic preorganization energy along the reaction coordinate.	Adenine	23-37	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	76-79
27243648-6	2016	We also found, surprisingly, that AGO3 predominantly bound 24-nt sRNAs with 5"-terminal adenine.	Adenine	88-95	ARGONAUTE 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	34-38
27158649-2	2016	We report the coordinates of the ADP/ATP carrier (AAC2) in the presence and absence of adenine and guanine nucleotides in the c-, intermediate- and m-states obtained from the free-energy simulations and corresponding to the free-energy minima.	Adenine	87-94	solute carrier family 25 member 5	Homo sapiens	50-54
27007871-0	2016	Identification of Adenine and Benzimidazole Nucleosides as Potent Human Concentrative Nucleoside Transporter 2 Inhibitors: Potential Treatment for Hyperuricemia and Gout.	Adenine	18-25	solute carrier family 28 member 2	Homo sapiens	72-110
27074834-1	2016	Tristetraprolin (TTP) is an adenine/uridine (AU)-rich element (ARE)-binding protein that can induce degradation of mRNAs.	Adenine	28-35	ZFP36 ring finger protein	Homo sapiens	0-15
27074834-1	2016	Tristetraprolin (TTP) is an adenine/uridine (AU)-rich element (ARE)-binding protein that can induce degradation of mRNAs.	Adenine	28-35	ZFP36 ring finger protein	Homo sapiens	17-20
27010430-6	2016	In cells, ADE-like and CDE-like motifs cooperate in the repression of Ox40 by Roquin.	Adenine	10-13	TNF receptor superfamily member 4	Homo sapiens	70-74
26606664-8	2016	In contrast, the father"s chromatograms revealed a small peak of adenine at the c.1001 position, suggesting the presence of a somatic NOD2 mutation.	Adenine	65-72	nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing 2	Homo sapiens	134-138
26813929-4	2016	The structure-activity relationship of this novel class of DAT ligands was explored: small N(6)-substition (methyl or ethyl) was favored, while the N1 of the adenine ring was essential.	Adenine	158-165	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	59-62
27010430-6	2016	In cells, ADE-like and CDE-like motifs cooperate in the repression of Ox40 by Roquin.	Adenine	10-13	ring finger and CCCH-type domains 1	Homo sapiens	78-84
26901224-5	2016	Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of ethanol extract of ADL (ADE) suggested that an antagonizing effect on ghrelin-induced feeding behavior through the mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways.	Adenine	72-75	ghrelin	Mus musculus	118-125
26966642-3	2016	Genetic susceptibility for both illnesses has also been positively correlated in recent genome-wide association studies with allele A (adenine) of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1344706 of the ZNF804A gene.	Adenine	135-142	zinc finger protein 804A	Homo sapiens	201-208
26901224-5	2016	Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of ethanol extract of ADL (ADE) suggested that an antagonizing effect on ghrelin-induced feeding behavior through the mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways.	Adenine	72-75	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Mus musculus	163-167
26718332-4	2016	We examined the effects of a novel adenine type of TLR7 agonists on both innate and adaptive immune activation in vitro and in vivo.	Adenine	35-42	toll-like receptor 7	Mus musculus	51-55
26311115-5	2016	A more prolonged uremia due to an adenine high-phosphorus diet for 14 days resulted in high levels of FGF23 mRNA and serum FGF23 and PTH.	Adenine	34-41	fibroblast growth factor 23	Rattus norvegicus	102-107
26311115-5	2016	A more prolonged uremia due to an adenine high-phosphorus diet for 14 days resulted in high levels of FGF23 mRNA and serum FGF23 and PTH.	Adenine	34-41	fibroblast growth factor 23	Rattus norvegicus	123-128
26751376-1	2016	MTAP is a ubiquitously expressed gene important for adenine and methionine salvage.	Adenine	52-59	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	0-4
26673696-1	2016	MutY adenine glycosylases prevent DNA mutations by excising adenine from promutagenic 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (OG):A mismatches.	Adenine	5-12	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	0-4
26673696-2	2016	Here, we describe structural features of the MutY active site bound to an azaribose transition state analog which indicate a catalytic role for Tyr126 and approach of the water nucleophile on the same side as the departing adenine base.	Adenine	223-230	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	45-49
26673696-4	2016	NMR analysis of MutY methanolysis products corroborates a mechanism for adenine removal with retention of stereochemistry.	Adenine	72-79	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	16-20
26751376-5	2016	Cytotoxicity assays with inhibitors of de novo adenine synthesis (5-FU, AZA and MTX) after MTAP gene knockdown showed an increased sensitivity, mainly to 5-FU.	Adenine	47-54	metaxin 1	Homo sapiens	80-83
26784294-4	2016	RESULTS: Adenine lowered creatinine clearance and elevated the concentrations of urea, creatinine, plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and urinary N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity, and increased the concentrations of the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate, in addition to some inflammatory cytokines.	Adenine	9-16	lipocalin 2	Rattus norvegicus	106-148
26543101-5	2016	Similarly, COX-2(-/-) VSMCs, COX-2(-/-) aortas rings treated with high Pi and adenine diet-induced COX-2(-/-) chronic renal failure mice displayed enhanced calcium deposition.	Adenine	78-85	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	11-16
26543101-5	2016	Similarly, COX-2(-/-) VSMCs, COX-2(-/-) aortas rings treated with high Pi and adenine diet-induced COX-2(-/-) chronic renal failure mice displayed enhanced calcium deposition.	Adenine	78-85	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	29-34
26543101-5	2016	Similarly, COX-2(-/-) VSMCs, COX-2(-/-) aortas rings treated with high Pi and adenine diet-induced COX-2(-/-) chronic renal failure mice displayed enhanced calcium deposition.	Adenine	78-85	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	29-34
26581047-3	2016	We determined whether apelin plays a role in phosphate-induced mineralization of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) and in adenine-induced CKD rats with aortic calcification.	Adenine	130-137	apelin	Homo sapiens	22-28
26870424-0	2015	Crystal structure of racemic cis-2-amino-1,2-di-phenyl-ethanol (ADE).	Adenine	64-67	suppressor of cytokine signaling 2	Homo sapiens	29-34
26599519-2	2015	Two subgroups of small compounds (including adenine and biaryl moieties) were identified as cN-II binders and a fragment growing strategy guided by molecular docking was considered.	Adenine	44-51	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	92-97
26668642-4	2015	One patient was identified who carried a frameshift mutation in MDR3 exon 23 (C.2793) that was caused by the insertion of a single adenine residue, while mutations were not found in MDR3 exon 23 in the other 40 patients.	Adenine	131-138	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 4	Homo sapiens	64-68
27160713-11	2016	Tumor necrosis factor alpha, lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species were significantly increased in adenine+DEP compared with either DEP or adenine+saline.	Adenine	108-115	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	0-27
27818833-5	2016	Replacement of guanine opposing the abasic site with adenine generated by the activity of the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase of DNA polymerase was detected by DNA sequencing analysis and restriction endonuclease digestion.	Adenine	53-60	DNA nucleotidylexotransferase	Homo sapiens	94-131
26529477-6	2016	Type I, I1/2, and type II inhibitors occupy part of the adenine binding pocket and form hydrogen bonds with the hinge region connecting the small and large lobes of the enzyme.	Adenine	56-63	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 1A	Homo sapiens	8-25
26003568-5	2015	Substrates recognized by the different AlkB homologs comprise erroneous methyl- and etheno adducts in DNA, unique wobble uridine modifications in certain tRNAs, methylated adenines in mRNA, and methylated lysines on proteins.	Adenine	172-180	alkB homolog 1, histone H2A dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	39-43
26544976-0	2015	Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase by Adenine Alleviates TNF-Alpha-Induced Inflammation in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells.	Adenine	46-53	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	14-42
26610568-3	2015	These qualitative and quantitative assays enable detection and differentiation of ricin from the less toxic RCA120 through determination of the amino acid sequence of the protein in question, and active ricin can be monitored by MS as the release of adenine from the depurination of a nucleic acid substrate.	Adenine	250-257	ricin	Ricinus communis	203-208
26544976-0	2015	Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase by Adenine Alleviates TNF-Alpha-Induced Inflammation in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells.	Adenine	46-53	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	65-74
26544976-2	2015	Previous studies suggest that the anti-inflammatory role of AMPK involves activation by adenine, but the mechanism that allows adenine to produce these effects has not yet been elucidated.	Adenine	88-95	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	60-64
26544976-3	2015	In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), adenine was observed to induce the phosphorylation of AMPK in both a time- and dose-dependent manner as well as its downstream target acetyl Co-A carboxylase (ACC).	Adenine	52-59	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	106-110
26544976-4	2015	Adenine also attenuated NF-kappaB targeting of gene expression in a dose-dependent manner and decreased monocyte adhesion to HUVECs following tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) treatment.	Adenine	0-7	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	24-33
26544976-4	2015	Adenine also attenuated NF-kappaB targeting of gene expression in a dose-dependent manner and decreased monocyte adhesion to HUVECs following tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) treatment.	Adenine	0-7	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	142-163
26544976-4	2015	Adenine also attenuated NF-kappaB targeting of gene expression in a dose-dependent manner and decreased monocyte adhesion to HUVECs following tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) treatment.	Adenine	0-7	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	165-174
26544976-5	2015	The short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against AMPK alpha1 in HUVECs attenuated the adenine-induced inhibition of NF-kappaB activation in response to TNF-alpha, thereby suggesting that the anti-inflammatory role of adenine is mediated by AMPK.	Adenine	75-82	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	38-49
26544976-5	2015	The short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against AMPK alpha1 in HUVECs attenuated the adenine-induced inhibition of NF-kappaB activation in response to TNF-alpha, thereby suggesting that the anti-inflammatory role of adenine is mediated by AMPK.	Adenine	75-82	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	105-114
26544976-5	2015	The short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against AMPK alpha1 in HUVECs attenuated the adenine-induced inhibition of NF-kappaB activation in response to TNF-alpha, thereby suggesting that the anti-inflammatory role of adenine is mediated by AMPK.	Adenine	75-82	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	141-150
26544976-5	2015	The short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against AMPK alpha1 in HUVECs attenuated the adenine-induced inhibition of NF-kappaB activation in response to TNF-alpha, thereby suggesting that the anti-inflammatory role of adenine is mediated by AMPK.	Adenine	75-82	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	38-42
26544976-5	2015	The short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against AMPK alpha1 in HUVECs attenuated the adenine-induced inhibition of NF-kappaB activation in response to TNF-alpha, thereby suggesting that the anti-inflammatory role of adenine is mediated by AMPK.	Adenine	206-213	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	38-49
26544976-5	2015	The short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against AMPK alpha1 in HUVECs attenuated the adenine-induced inhibition of NF-kappaB activation in response to TNF-alpha, thereby suggesting that the anti-inflammatory role of adenine is mediated by AMPK.	Adenine	206-213	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	141-150
26544976-5	2015	The short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against AMPK alpha1 in HUVECs attenuated the adenine-induced inhibition of NF-kappaB activation in response to TNF-alpha, thereby suggesting that the anti-inflammatory role of adenine is mediated by AMPK.	Adenine	206-213	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	38-42
26544976-6	2015	Following the knockdown of adenosyl phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT) in HUVECs, adenine supplementation failed to induce the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC.	Adenine	81-88	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	27-62
26544976-7	2015	Similarly, the expression of a shRNA against APRT nullified the anti-inflammatory effects of adenine in HUVECs.	Adenine	93-100	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	45-49
26544976-8	2015	These results suggested that the role of adenine as an AMPK activator is related to catabolism by APRT, which increases the cellular AMP levels to activate AMPK.	Adenine	41-48	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	55-59
26544976-8	2015	These results suggested that the role of adenine as an AMPK activator is related to catabolism by APRT, which increases the cellular AMP levels to activate AMPK.	Adenine	41-48	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	98-102
26544976-8	2015	These results suggested that the role of adenine as an AMPK activator is related to catabolism by APRT, which increases the cellular AMP levels to activate AMPK.	Adenine	41-48	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	156-160
25981116-3	2015	SIRT5 is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent protein deacetylase, which has been implicated in the regulation of metabolism, stress responses, and aging.	Adenine	24-31	sirtuin 5	Homo sapiens	0-5
25788532-3	2015	In a rat model of HN induced by feeding a mixture of adenine and potassium oxonate, increased EGFR phosphorylation and severe glomerular sclerosis and renal interstitial fibrosis were evident, accompanied by renal dysfunction and increased urine microalbumin excretion.	Adenine	53-60	epidermal growth factor receptor	Rattus norvegicus	94-98
26434497-0	2015	Relative Binding Free Energies of Adenine and Guanine to Damaged and Undamaged DNA in Human DNA Polymerase eta: Clues for Fidelity and Overall Efficiency.	Adenine	34-41	DNA polymerase eta	Homo sapiens	92-110
26377631-1	2015	MUTYH is a base excision repair (BER) enzyme that prevents mutations in DNA associated with 8-oxoguanine (OG) by catalyzing the removal of adenine from inappropriately formed OG:A base-pairs.	Adenine	139-146	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	0-5
26377631-6	2015	Both R295C and R520Q MUTYH were found to have low fractions of active enzyme, compromised affinity for damaged DNA, and reduced rates for adenine excision.	Adenine	138-145	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	21-26
26178173-3	2015	Herein, we report a new nucleobase-tagged metal-organic framework (MOF), namely ZnBTCA (BTC=benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxyl, A=adenine), in which the exposed Watson-Crick faces of adenine residues are immobilized periodically on the interior crystalline surface.	Adenine	121-128	lysine acetyltransferase 8	Homo sapiens	42-71
26178173-3	2015	Herein, we report a new nucleobase-tagged metal-organic framework (MOF), namely ZnBTCA (BTC=benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxyl, A=adenine), in which the exposed Watson-Crick faces of adenine residues are immobilized periodically on the interior crystalline surface.	Adenine	174-181	lysine acetyltransferase 8	Homo sapiens	42-71
26189575-4	2015	In order to address these issues we have used the CRISPR/Cas gene engineering system to create a mammalian cell line in which the only functional copy of CDK12 is selectively inhibitable by a cell-permeable adenine analog (analog-sensitive CDK12).	Adenine	207-214	cyclin dependent kinase 12	Homo sapiens	154-159
26593999-3	2015	The results showed the existence of a silent allele 12 in all the three families, due to a point mutation that changed cytosine to adenine at 90 nucleotides upstream from the 5" end of the AGAT repeat sequences in all the six individuals.	Adenine	131-138	glycine amidinotransferase	Homo sapiens	189-193
26455426-5	2015	In addition, SLC43A3 expressed in MDCKII cells mediated the uptake of purine nucleobases such as adenine, guanine, and hypoxanthine without requiring typical driving ions such as Na(+) and H(+), but it did not mediate the uptake of nucleosides.	Adenine	97-104	solute carrier family 43 member 3	Canis lupus familiaris	13-20
26455426-6	2015	When SLC43A3 was expressed in APRT/HPRT1-deficient A9 cells, adenine uptake was found to be low.	Adenine	61-68	solute carrier family 43 member 3	Homo sapiens	5-12
26455426-8	2015	In HeLa cells, knock-down of SLC43A3 markedly decreased adenine uptake.	Adenine	56-63	solute carrier family 43 member 3	Homo sapiens	29-36
26449202-1	2015	Adenine to Inosine RNA editing is a widespread co- and post-transcriptional mechanism mediated by ADAR enzymes acting on double stranded RNA.	Adenine	0-7	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	98-102
25780805-5	2015	Direct detection of the target DNA was demonstrated through the appearance of SERS peaks characteristic for adenine, present only in the target strand.	Adenine	108-115	seryl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	78-82
25946469-2	2015	The authors hypothesized that the ERCC1 genotype for the SNPs cytosine-to-thymine substitution at codon 118 (C118T) and cytosine-to-adenine substitution at codon 8092 (C8092A) is prognostic in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) who receive either radiotherapy (RT) or cisplatin plus RT.	Adenine	132-139	ERCC excision repair 1, endonuclease non-catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
26257285-3	2015	Either direct interaction between proteins or proximity enabled DAM reconstitution and methylation of adenine in GATC.	Adenine	102-109	glutamyl-tRNA amidotransferase subunit C	Homo sapiens	113-117
26312135-2	2015	The human mutY homolog (hMYH) is a base excision repair DNA glycosylase that excises adenines or 2-hydroxyadenines that are mispaired with guanine or 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG).	Adenine	85-93	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	10-29
25990310-3	2015	Aligned with MICB*005:02, MICB*030 has a nonsynonymous adenine substitution at nucleotide position 50 in exon 3, leading to amino acid change from serine to arginine at codon 102 of the mature MICB molecule.	Adenine	55-62	MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence B	Homo sapiens	13-17
26109431-1	2015	MUTYH DNA glycosylase removes mismatched adenine opposite 7, 8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), which is the major mutagenic lesion induced by oxidative stress.	Adenine	41-48	mutY DNA glycosylase	Mus musculus	0-5
26185318-9	2015	A germline heterozygous deletion of one adenine at nucleotide 827 in exon 8 of the PTEN gene was confirmed.	Adenine	40-47	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Homo sapiens	83-87
26021325-1	2015	CYP2C19 rs12769205 alters an intron 2 branch point adenine leading to an alternative mRNA in human liver with complete inclusion of intron 2 (exon 2B).	Adenine	51-58	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	0-7
25990310-3	2015	Aligned with MICB*005:02, MICB*030 has a nonsynonymous adenine substitution at nucleotide position 50 in exon 3, leading to amino acid change from serine to arginine at codon 102 of the mature MICB molecule.	Adenine	55-62	MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence B	Homo sapiens	26-30
25990310-3	2015	Aligned with MICB*005:02, MICB*030 has a nonsynonymous adenine substitution at nucleotide position 50 in exon 3, leading to amino acid change from serine to arginine at codon 102 of the mature MICB molecule.	Adenine	55-62	MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence B	Homo sapiens	26-30
26007660-4	2015	We report a 1.5 A crystal structure of aprataxin in a complex with GMP, which reveals that: (i) GMP binds at the same position and in the same anti nucleoside conformation as AMP; and (ii) aprataxin makes more extensive nucleobase contacts with guanine than with adenine, via a hydrogen bonding network to the guanine O6, N1, N2 base edge.	Adenine	263-270	aprataxin	Homo sapiens	39-48
25354230-8	2015	Expression of AA transporters CAT-1 was lower (p &lt; 0.05), serum Lys was higher and serum Val was lower in pigs fed the ADE diet.	Adenine	122-125	solute carrier family 7 member 1	Sus scrofa	30-35
25354230-9	2015	The higher muscularity, MyHC IIb expression in Semitendinosus muscle and Lys serum of pigs fed the ADE diet suggest that Lys increases growth rate not only by functioning as protein construction unit but also as potential control of the protein synthesis process.	Adenine	99-102	myosin-4	Sus scrofa	24-32
26244077-1	2015	BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have reported an association of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) 3123Cytosine/Adenine (3123C/A) polymorphism with essential hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.	Adenine	125-132	angiotensin II receptor type 2	Homo sapiens	74-104
26244077-1	2015	BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have reported an association of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) 3123Cytosine/Adenine (3123C/A) polymorphism with essential hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.	Adenine	125-132	angiotensin II receptor type 2	Homo sapiens	106-110
26321268-1	2015	AMP deaminase (AMPD; EC 3.5.4.6) catalyzes hydrolysis of the amino group from the adenine ring of AMP resulting in production of inosine 5"-monophosphate (IMP) and ammonia.	Adenine	82-89	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1	Homo sapiens	0-13
26321268-1	2015	AMP deaminase (AMPD; EC 3.5.4.6) catalyzes hydrolysis of the amino group from the adenine ring of AMP resulting in production of inosine 5"-monophosphate (IMP) and ammonia.	Adenine	82-89	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1	Homo sapiens	15-19
25466290-3	2015	The activity of COMT enzyme is genetically polymorphic due to a guanine-to-adenine transition at codon 158, resulting in a valine (Val) to methionine (Met) substitution.	Adenine	75-82	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	16-20
25564674-1	2015	A single-nucleotide polymorphism on the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR), rs53576, involving a guanine (G) to adenine (A) substitution has been associated with altered prosocial features.	Adenine	107-114	oxytocin receptor	Homo sapiens	40-57
25564674-1	2015	A single-nucleotide polymorphism on the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR), rs53576, involving a guanine (G) to adenine (A) substitution has been associated with altered prosocial features.	Adenine	107-114	oxytocin receptor	Homo sapiens	64-68
27026770-5	2016	The sequence analysis revealed c.241 adenine (A)&gt;thymine (T) [p. arginine (Arg) 81 Tryptophan (Trp)] alteration in exon-3 of the TBX5 gene in affected family members and fetus.	Adenine	37-44	T-box transcription factor 5	Homo sapiens	132-136
25354230-7	2015	Muscle-related carcass characteristics were better, and myosin heavy chain IIb expression (MyHC IIb) in Semitendinosus was higher in ADE than in DEF pigs.	Adenine	133-136	myosin-4	Sus scrofa	91-99
26230688-2	2015	The heterodimeric adenosine deaminases acting on tRNAs (ADAT2-ADAT3, or ADAT) are enzymes present in eukaryotes that convert adenine (A) to inosine (I) in the first anticodon base (position 34) by hydrolytic deamination.	Adenine	125-132	adenosine deaminase tRNA specific 2	Homo sapiens	56-61
26230688-2	2015	The heterodimeric adenosine deaminases acting on tRNAs (ADAT2-ADAT3, or ADAT) are enzymes present in eukaryotes that convert adenine (A) to inosine (I) in the first anticodon base (position 34) by hydrolytic deamination.	Adenine	125-132	adenosine deaminase tRNA specific 3	Homo sapiens	62-67
26007660-4	2015	We report a 1.5 A crystal structure of aprataxin in a complex with GMP, which reveals that: (i) GMP binds at the same position and in the same anti nucleoside conformation as AMP; and (ii) aprataxin makes more extensive nucleobase contacts with guanine than with adenine, via a hydrogen bonding network to the guanine O6, N1, N2 base edge.	Adenine	263-270	aprataxin	Homo sapiens	189-198
26191068-8	2015	Functional characterization of the wheat transporter, TaABCC13 a homolog of maize LPA1 confirms its role in glutathione-mediated detoxification pathway and is able to utilize adenine biosynthetic intermediates as a substrate.	Adenine	175-182	inositol-3-phosphate synthase	Zea mays	82-86
26148061-7	2015	Crystal structure data of the RNA model resolved at 2.3 A reveals non-canonical pairing of adenine in 5 -CAG/3 -GAC motif samples in different syn and anti conformations.	Adenine	91-98	synemin	Homo sapiens	143-146
26411914-6	2015	Direct sequencing of the CHM gene detected a guanine to adenine transition (G&gt;A) into the donor splice site of intron 1 leads to aberrantly spliced mRNA producing a premature stop codon and therefore functional loss of the CHM gene product, REP-1.	Adenine	56-63	CHM Rab escort protein	Homo sapiens	25-28
26411914-6	2015	Direct sequencing of the CHM gene detected a guanine to adenine transition (G&gt;A) into the donor splice site of intron 1 leads to aberrantly spliced mRNA producing a premature stop codon and therefore functional loss of the CHM gene product, REP-1.	Adenine	56-63	CHM Rab escort protein	Homo sapiens	226-229
26411914-6	2015	Direct sequencing of the CHM gene detected a guanine to adenine transition (G&gt;A) into the donor splice site of intron 1 leads to aberrantly spliced mRNA producing a premature stop codon and therefore functional loss of the CHM gene product, REP-1.	Adenine	56-63	CHM Rab escort protein	Homo sapiens	244-249
25542735-2	2015	We examined the effect of a guanine to adenine substitution at position 308 in the TNFalpha gene (TNFalpha G308A) on psychomotor vigilance performance impairment during total sleep deprivation.	Adenine	39-46	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	83-91
25542735-2	2015	We examined the effect of a guanine to adenine substitution at position 308 in the TNFalpha gene (TNFalpha G308A) on psychomotor vigilance performance impairment during total sleep deprivation.	Adenine	39-46	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	98-106
25700347-4	2015	In mast cell cultures, only adenine among cytosine, adenine, adenosine, ADP and ATP dose-dependently suppressed FceRI (a high affinity receptor for IgE)-mediated degranulation with a median inhibitory concentration of 1.6mM.	Adenine	28-35	Fc receptor, IgE, high affinity I, alpha polypeptide	Mus musculus	112-117
25750985-1	2015	HuR, an RNA binding protein, binds to adenine- and uridine-rich elements (ARE) in the 3"-untranslated region (UTR) of target mRNAs, regulating their stability and translation.	Adenine	38-45	ELAV like RNA binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
25882779-5	2015	This discovery demonstrated that TLR 7 can be activated by coupling an antigen to the terminal carboxyl group at N9 of the inactive ligand adenine analogues.	Adenine	139-146	toll like receptor 7	Homo sapiens	33-38
26114934-5	2015	The TLR2 polymorphism [adenine (A) allele] was observed in 57.7 and 58.0% of FGTB patients and HCW, respectively.	Adenine	23-30	toll like receptor 2	Homo sapiens	4-8
25784560-5	2015	The TLR2 polymorphism adenine (A) allele was observed in 7.3% of leptospirosis patients but was not found in the control group, whereas the guanine (G) allele of the TLR1 polymorphism was found in 63.6% of patients and 41.6% of controls.	Adenine	22-29	toll like receptor 2	Homo sapiens	4-8
25700347-4	2015	In mast cell cultures, only adenine among cytosine, adenine, adenosine, ADP and ATP dose-dependently suppressed FceRI (a high affinity receptor for IgE)-mediated degranulation with a median inhibitory concentration of 1.6mM.	Adenine	52-59	Fc receptor, IgE, high affinity I, alpha polypeptide	Mus musculus	112-117
25700347-6	2015	In addition, adenine blocked thapsigargin-induced degranulation which is FceRI-independent but shares FceRI-dependent signaling events.	Adenine	13-20	Fc receptor, IgE, high affinity I, alpha polypeptide	Mus musculus	73-78
25700347-6	2015	In addition, adenine blocked thapsigargin-induced degranulation which is FceRI-independent but shares FceRI-dependent signaling events.	Adenine	13-20	Fc receptor, IgE, high affinity I, alpha polypeptide	Mus musculus	102-107
25700347-7	2015	Adenine inhibited the phosphorylation of signaling molecules important to FceRI-mediated allergic reactions such as Syk, PLCgamma2, Gab2, Akt, and mitogen activated protein kinases ERK and JNK.	Adenine	0-7	Fc receptor, IgE, high affinity I, alpha polypeptide	Mus musculus	74-79
25700347-7	2015	Adenine inhibited the phosphorylation of signaling molecules important to FceRI-mediated allergic reactions such as Syk, PLCgamma2, Gab2, Akt, and mitogen activated protein kinases ERK and JNK.	Adenine	0-7	spleen tyrosine kinase	Mus musculus	116-119
25700347-7	2015	Adenine inhibited the phosphorylation of signaling molecules important to FceRI-mediated allergic reactions such as Syk, PLCgamma2, Gab2, Akt, and mitogen activated protein kinases ERK and JNK.	Adenine	0-7	phospholipase C, gamma 2	Mus musculus	121-130
25700347-7	2015	Adenine inhibited the phosphorylation of signaling molecules important to FceRI-mediated allergic reactions such as Syk, PLCgamma2, Gab2, Akt, and mitogen activated protein kinases ERK and JNK.	Adenine	0-7	growth factor receptor bound protein 2-associated protein 2	Mus musculus	132-136
25700347-7	2015	Adenine inhibited the phosphorylation of signaling molecules important to FceRI-mediated allergic reactions such as Syk, PLCgamma2, Gab2, Akt, and mitogen activated protein kinases ERK and JNK.	Adenine	0-7	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	138-141
25700347-7	2015	Adenine inhibited the phosphorylation of signaling molecules important to FceRI-mediated allergic reactions such as Syk, PLCgamma2, Gab2, Akt, and mitogen activated protein kinases ERK and JNK.	Adenine	0-7	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	189-192
25700347-8	2015	From this result, we report for the first time that adenine inhibits PCA in mice and allergic reaction by inhibiting FceRI-mediated signaling events in mast cells.	Adenine	52-59	Fc receptor, IgE, high affinity I, alpha polypeptide	Mus musculus	117-122
26002053-13	2015	The R383Q mutation is located in the second adenine binding domain in SV2a protein and may alter adenine nucleotides binding to SV2a.	Adenine	44-51	synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A	Homo sapiens	70-74
24093488-5	2015	RESULTS: Both father and son have a heterozygous single base pair deletion of an adenine at codon 153 in the coding sequence of the CRX gene resulting in a frameshift mutation.	Adenine	81-88	cone-rod homeobox	Homo sapiens	132-135
26002053-13	2015	The R383Q mutation is located in the second adenine binding domain in SV2a protein and may alter adenine nucleotides binding to SV2a.	Adenine	44-51	synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A	Homo sapiens	128-132
25816930-2	2015	The length of GIF gene of PCPV obtained from camel is 795 bp and due to the addition of one cytosine residue at position 374 and one adenine residue at position 516, the open reading frame (ORF) got altered, resulting in the production of truncated polypeptide.	Adenine	133-140	cobalamin binding intrinsic factor	Camelus dromedarius	14-17
25618602-2	2015	It is widely accepted that guanine (G) substitution for adenine (A) at OPRM1 gene sequence position 118 changes receptor glycosylation pattern.	Adenine	56-63	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	71-76
25818657-1	2015	The KIR2DL4 gene is characterized by alleles with either 9 or 10 consecutive adenines in exon 7, which encodes the transmembrane domain.	Adenine	77-85	killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor, two Ig domains and long cytoplasmic tail 4	Homo sapiens	4-11
25916855-3	2015	The modification in eukaryotes results from a deamination reaction of adenine that is catalyzed by the heterodimeric enzyme adenosine deaminase acting on tRNA (hetADAT), composed of two subunits: ADAT2 and ADAT3.	Adenine	70-77	mitochondrially encoded tRNA glycine	Homo sapiens	154-158
25916855-3	2015	The modification in eukaryotes results from a deamination reaction of adenine that is catalyzed by the heterodimeric enzyme adenosine deaminase acting on tRNA (hetADAT), composed of two subunits: ADAT2 and ADAT3.	Adenine	70-77	adenosine deaminase tRNA specific 2	Homo sapiens	196-201
25916855-3	2015	The modification in eukaryotes results from a deamination reaction of adenine that is catalyzed by the heterodimeric enzyme adenosine deaminase acting on tRNA (hetADAT), composed of two subunits: ADAT2 and ADAT3.	Adenine	70-77	adenosine deaminase tRNA specific 3	Homo sapiens	206-211
26007168-3	2015	In order to provide new indications for the design of Toll-Like Receptor 7 (TLR7)-targeting drugs, the mechanism of interaction between the TLR7 and two important classes of agonists (imidazoquinoline and adenine derivatives) was investigated through docking and Molecular Dynamics simulations.	Adenine	205-212	toll like receptor 7	Homo sapiens	54-74
25797921-7	2015	We also found that adenine upregulated expression of the glycolytic enzyme, hexokinase 2, indicating a link between adenine and AMPK-mediated glycolysis.	Adenine	19-26	hexokinase 2	Mus musculus	76-88
26005342-9	2015	No S or Z mutation was identified, but sequencing analysis found a homozygous cytosine and adenine (CA) insertion in exon 2 of the SERPINA-1 gene, probably leading to a dysfunctional protein (PI Null/Null).	Adenine	91-98	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	131-140
25547512-3	2015	We utilized an alternate repressor of pho1 (+) expression (adenine supplementation) along with epistasis analysis to develop a model of how S. pombe PHO pathway components interact.	Adenine	59-66	F1F0 ATP synthase subunit a	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	38-42
25547512-4	2015	Analyzing Pho1 activity in S. pombe PHO pathway deletion mutants during adenine starvation, we observed most mutants with a phosphatase defect in phosphate starvation also had a defect in adenine starvation.	Adenine	72-79	F1F0 ATP synthase subunit a	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	10-14
25547512-4	2015	Analyzing Pho1 activity in S. pombe PHO pathway deletion mutants during adenine starvation, we observed most mutants with a phosphatase defect in phosphate starvation also had a defect in adenine starvation.	Adenine	188-195	F1F0 ATP synthase subunit a	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	10-14
25547512-5	2015	Pho7, a transcription factor in the PHO pathway, is necessary for an adenine starvation-mediated increase in Pho1 activity.	Adenine	69-76	F1F0 ATP synthase subunit a	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	109-113
25547512-8	2015	PKA activation is a positive regulator of Pho1 activity under both environmental conditions and is critical for transducing adenine concentrations in the cell.	Adenine	124-131	F1F0 ATP synthase subunit a	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	42-46
25547512-9	2015	The synthesis of IP7 also appears critical for the induction of Pho1 activity during adenine starvation, but IP7 is not critical during phosphate starvation, which differs from S. cerevisiae.	Adenine	85-92	F1F0 ATP synthase subunit a	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	64-68
25702163-9	2015	Likewise, direct sequencing of PCR products, along with their analysis, confirmed the deletion mutation of adenine in location 11337 of the Nsun7 gene in asthenospermic men.	Adenine	107-114	NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase family member 7	Homo sapiens	140-145
25797921-7	2015	We also found that adenine upregulated expression of the glycolytic enzyme, hexokinase 2, indicating a link between adenine and AMPK-mediated glycolysis.	Adenine	116-123	hexokinase 2	Mus musculus	76-88
25909514-3	2015	Using several indices in plasma, urine and kidney homogenates, adenine was found to impair kidney function as it lowered creatinine clearance and increased plasma concentrations of creatinine, urea, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity.	Adenine	63-70	lipocalin 2	Rattus norvegicus	199-241
25893166-2	2015	The first mutation was a nucleotide base substitution from guanine to adenine within exon 8, resulting in a nonsense mutation in the DNA-binding inhibitory domain of the Runx1 protein.	Adenine	70-77	RUNX family transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	170-175
25460030-4	2015	It is hypothesized that a polymorphisms in the androgen receptor gene, encoded by the nucleotides cysteine, adenine, and guanine (CAG), influence the effect of testosterone on sexual functioning.	Adenine	108-115	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	47-64
25727809-1	2015	A three-dimensional metal-organic framework (MOF) was synthesized by combining 4-pyrazolecarboxylic acid and adenine.	Adenine	109-116	lysine acetyltransferase 8	Homo sapiens	20-49
25769104-5	2015	Glutathione-S-transferase and Heme Oxygenase 1 mRNA levels are induced with ADE PM and reduced by DF and NAC.	Adenine	76-79	glutathione S-transferase kappa 1	Homo sapiens	0-25
26853425-2	2015	A single nucleotide polymorphism rs3025058 at -1171 of the stromelysin-1 (matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]-3) promoter is resulting due to insertion/deletion of adenine thought to have an impact on increasing the risk for tumor formation.	Adenine	159-166	matrix metallopeptidase 3	Homo sapiens	59-72
26425318-4	2015	Polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze 2 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms in the TNF-alpha gene, namely -1031 thymine (T)/cytosine (C) and -308 guanine (G)/adenine (A).	Adenine	177-184	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	102-111
25811192-6	2015	In NOD1, gamma-phosphate of ATP faced toward the central nucleotide binding cavity like NLRC4, whereas in NOD2 the cavity was occupied by adenine moiety.	Adenine	138-145	nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1	Danio rerio	3-7
25811192-6	2015	In NOD1, gamma-phosphate of ATP faced toward the central nucleotide binding cavity like NLRC4, whereas in NOD2 the cavity was occupied by adenine moiety.	Adenine	138-145	nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2	Danio rerio	106-110
25811192-9	2015	"Proline" of GxP motif (Pro386 of NOD1 and Pro464 of NOD2) interacted with adenine moiety and His511 at Sensor 2 of NOD1 interacted with gamma-phosphate group of ATP.	Adenine	75-82	nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1	Danio rerio	34-38
25811192-9	2015	"Proline" of GxP motif (Pro386 of NOD1 and Pro464 of NOD2) interacted with adenine moiety and His511 at Sensor 2 of NOD1 interacted with gamma-phosphate group of ATP.	Adenine	75-82	nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2	Danio rerio	53-57
25811192-9	2015	"Proline" of GxP motif (Pro386 of NOD1 and Pro464 of NOD2) interacted with adenine moiety and His511 at Sensor 2 of NOD1 interacted with gamma-phosphate group of ATP.	Adenine	75-82	nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1	Danio rerio	116-120
25811192-10	2015	In contrast, His579 of NOD2 interacted with the adenine moiety having a relatively inverted orientation.	Adenine	48-55	nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2	Danio rerio	23-27
25769104-5	2015	Glutathione-S-transferase and Heme Oxygenase 1 mRNA levels are induced with ADE PM and reduced by DF and NAC.	Adenine	76-79	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	30-46
25769104-5	2015	Glutathione-S-transferase and Heme Oxygenase 1 mRNA levels are induced with ADE PM and reduced by DF and NAC.	Adenine	76-79	X-linked Kx blood group	Homo sapiens	105-108
25769104-6	2015	ADE extracts induced Nrf2 activity and IL-8 mRNA levels significantly more than Non-ADE.	Adenine	0-3	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	21-25
25769104-6	2015	ADE extracts induced Nrf2 activity and IL-8 mRNA levels significantly more than Non-ADE.	Adenine	0-3	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	39-43
24713076-10	2015	Myh excises adenine mispaired with 8-oxoguanine to counteract its promutagenic activity and also has a role in cell cycle check points and apoptosis.	Adenine	12-19	mutY DNA glycosylase	Mus musculus	0-3
25470788-6	2015	The survival in patients with Cyclin D1 G870A polymorphism Adenine/Adenine was 15.1 months (95% CI 11.3-18.9), 21.5 months (17.4-25.6) for Adenine/Guanine, and 29.4 months (95% CI 23.8-35.0) for Guanine/Guanine (P = 0.003).	Adenine	59-66	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	30-39
25470788-6	2015	The survival in patients with Cyclin D1 G870A polymorphism Adenine/Adenine was 15.1 months (95% CI 11.3-18.9), 21.5 months (17.4-25.6) for Adenine/Guanine, and 29.4 months (95% CI 23.8-35.0) for Guanine/Guanine (P = 0.003).	Adenine	67-74	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	30-39
25470788-6	2015	The survival in patients with Cyclin D1 G870A polymorphism Adenine/Adenine was 15.1 months (95% CI 11.3-18.9), 21.5 months (17.4-25.6) for Adenine/Guanine, and 29.4 months (95% CI 23.8-35.0) for Guanine/Guanine (P = 0.003).	Adenine	67-74	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	30-39
24496589-6	2015	Interestingly, studies using NaPi-IIb knockout mice with adenine-induced CKD show only partial attenuation of hyperphosphatemia, suggesting that an additional sodium-independent pathway is involved in phosphate absorption.	Adenine	57-64	solute carrier family 34 (sodium phosphate), member 2	Mus musculus	29-37
24792884-6	2015	CCHS was confirmed genetically (heterozygous insertion of an adenine at position 23, leading to a premature stop codon in exon 1 of the PHOX2B gene).	Adenine	61-68	paired like homeobox 2B	Homo sapiens	136-142
25824682-0	2015	Structural basis for incision at deaminated adenines in DNA and RNA by endonuclease V.	Adenine	44-52	endonuclease V	Homo sapiens	71-85
25559322-7	2015	Deprotonated adenine fragments by loss of hydrogen cyanide and/or isocyanide (HCN/HNC; 90%) and carbodiimide (HNCNH) and/or cyanamide (NH2CN; 10%).	Adenine	13-20	metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1	Homo sapiens	78-81
25580806-10	2015	Subsequently, the potential practical application of the SERS substrate was evaluated by quantitative analysis of adenine.	Adenine	114-121	seryl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	57-61
25679064-5	2015	Sanger sequencing of the EGFR codon 785 was used for the determination of a polymorphism in the sequencing of tumor-free patients and pleural mesothelioma patients with a distribution of a wild-type homozygous sequence with guanine, a wild-type heterozygous sequence having guanine and adenine, a wild-type homozygous sequence with adenine, and a wild-type heterozygous sequence with adenine and guanine.	Adenine	286-293	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	25-29
25679064-5	2015	Sanger sequencing of the EGFR codon 785 was used for the determination of a polymorphism in the sequencing of tumor-free patients and pleural mesothelioma patients with a distribution of a wild-type homozygous sequence with guanine, a wild-type heterozygous sequence having guanine and adenine, a wild-type homozygous sequence with adenine, and a wild-type heterozygous sequence with adenine and guanine.	Adenine	332-339	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	25-29
25679064-5	2015	Sanger sequencing of the EGFR codon 785 was used for the determination of a polymorphism in the sequencing of tumor-free patients and pleural mesothelioma patients with a distribution of a wild-type homozygous sequence with guanine, a wild-type heterozygous sequence having guanine and adenine, a wild-type homozygous sequence with adenine, and a wild-type heterozygous sequence with adenine and guanine.	Adenine	332-339	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	25-29
25666294-2	2015	Various mutations in CYBB encoding the gp91(phox) subunit of the phagocyte nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase impair the respiratory burst of all types of phagocytic cells and result in X-linked CGD (X-CGD).	Adenine	88-95	cytochrome b-245 beta chain	Homo sapiens	21-25
25409153-9	2015	This arises from the dual coding potential where 8-oxo-dGTP(anti) base pairs with cytosine and 8-oxo-dGTP(syn) uses its Hoogsteen edge to base pair with adenine.	Adenine	153-160	synemin	Homo sapiens	106-109
25409153-10	2015	Here we use time-lapse crystallography to follow 8-oxo-dGTP insertion opposite adenine or cytosine with human pol beta, to reveal that insertion is accommodated in either the syn- or anti-conformation, respectively.	Adenine	79-86	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens	110-118
25459911-9	2015	Targeted purine analysis in PGLs showed low adenine in cluster 1 compared with cluster 2 tumors (SDH P &lt; .0001; VHL P &lt; .05) whereas lower levels (P &lt; .05) of guanosine and hypoxanthine were observed in RET tumors compared with SDH tumors.	Adenine	44-51	succinate dehydrogenase complex iron sulfur subunit B	Homo sapiens	97-100
25505183-6	2015	The adenine rings of 1NA-PP1 and 2MB-PP1 matched the adenine ring of ATP when docked in AS PKCdelta, and this interaction prevented the potential interaction of ATP with Lys-378, Glu-428, Leu-430, and Phe-633 residues.	Adenine	4-11	inorganic pyrophosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	25-28
25505183-6	2015	The adenine rings of 1NA-PP1 and 2MB-PP1 matched the adenine ring of ATP when docked in AS PKCdelta, and this interaction prevented the potential interaction of ATP with Lys-378, Glu-428, Leu-430, and Phe-633 residues.	Adenine	4-11	inorganic pyrophosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	37-40
25505183-6	2015	The adenine rings of 1NA-PP1 and 2MB-PP1 matched the adenine ring of ATP when docked in AS PKCdelta, and this interaction prevented the potential interaction of ATP with Lys-378, Glu-428, Leu-430, and Phe-633 residues.	Adenine	4-11	protein kinase C delta	Homo sapiens	91-99
25505183-6	2015	The adenine rings of 1NA-PP1 and 2MB-PP1 matched the adenine ring of ATP when docked in AS PKCdelta, and this interaction prevented the potential interaction of ATP with Lys-378, Glu-428, Leu-430, and Phe-633 residues.	Adenine	53-60	inorganic pyrophosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	25-28
25505183-6	2015	The adenine rings of 1NA-PP1 and 2MB-PP1 matched the adenine ring of ATP when docked in AS PKCdelta, and this interaction prevented the potential interaction of ATP with Lys-378, Glu-428, Leu-430, and Phe-633 residues.	Adenine	53-60	inorganic pyrophosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	37-40
25505183-6	2015	The adenine rings of 1NA-PP1 and 2MB-PP1 matched the adenine ring of ATP when docked in AS PKCdelta, and this interaction prevented the potential interaction of ATP with Lys-378, Glu-428, Leu-430, and Phe-633 residues.	Adenine	53-60	protein kinase C delta	Homo sapiens	91-99
25559322-8	2015	Tandem mass spectrometry (MS(n)) experiments reveal that deprotonated guanine fragments lose additional HCN and CO, while deprotonated adenine fragments successively lose HNC and HCN.	Adenine	135-142	metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1	Homo sapiens	179-182
25901475-10	2015	DNA polymerase alpha incorporated both F3dTTP and FdUTP into DNA at sites aligned with adenine on the opposite strand.	Adenine	87-94	DNA polymerase alpha 1, catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	0-20
25209863-9	2014	In hearts from adenine-fed male and female rats, expression of ER-alpha and activation of the ERK1/2 pathway were increased, in part explaining changes in cardiac hypertrophy.	Adenine	15-22	estrogen receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-71
26252631-4	2015	Adenine analog 22 shows significant anti-HIV activity (EC50 = 8.3 muM) up to 100 muM.	Adenine	0-7	latexin	Homo sapiens	66-69
26252631-4	2015	Adenine analog 22 shows significant anti-HIV activity (EC50 = 8.3 muM) up to 100 muM.	Adenine	0-7	latexin	Homo sapiens	81-84
25453759-4	2014	Drosophila piRNAs bound to the PIWI protein Aubergine typically begin with uridine (1U), while piRNAs bound to Argonaute3, which are produced by Ping-Pong amplification, often have adenine at position 10 (10A).	Adenine	181-188	argonaute RISC catalytic subunit 3	Mus musculus	111-121
26770023-3	2015	METHODS: CAL-1 (human pDC line) cells were incubated with the TLR7-specific adenine analog CL264 and single-stranded 9.2s RNA.	Adenine	76-83	toll like receptor 7	Homo sapiens	62-66
25621706-5	2015	Adenine derivative 16 showed significant anti-HIV activity up to 100 muM.	Adenine	0-7	latexin	Homo sapiens	69-72
26576226-1	2015	MUTYH is a DNA repair enzyme that initiates a base excision repair (BER) by recognizing and removing 8-Oxoguanine (8-oxoG) and its paired adenine.	Adenine	138-145	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	0-5
26576226-1	2015	MUTYH is a DNA repair enzyme that initiates a base excision repair (BER) by recognizing and removing 8-Oxoguanine (8-oxoG) and its paired adenine.	Adenine	138-145	DNA ligase 4	Homo sapiens	11-28
25194125-7	2015	However, 24 h after the last treatment, adenine treatment increased significantly the concentration of HMGB1 when compared with the control.	Adenine	40-47	high mobility group box 1	Rattus norvegicus	103-108
25194125-9	2015	Moreover, the concentration of HMGB1 in plasma obtained 24 h after the last treatment in rats treated with adenine was drastically reduced compared with the control group.	Adenine	107-114	high mobility group box 1	Rattus norvegicus	31-36
25194125-11	2015	In conclusion, HMGB1 can be considered a potentially useful biomarker in adenine induced CRF and its treatment.	Adenine	73-80	high mobility group box 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-20
25790542-8	2015	Guanine was transformed to adenine at the 732nd nucleotide position of the CIAS1 gene in the cDNA of chromosome 1.	Adenine	27-34	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	75-80
25299249-2	2014	The electrode was used for simultaneous determination of guanine and adenine in a sequential injection lab-on-valve format and exhibited sensitive responses to guanine and adenine oxidation due to the pi-pi stacking interaction of Cu3(BTC)2 and the inclusion behavior of beta-CD.	Adenine	69-76	betacellulin	Homo sapiens	235-238
25299249-2	2014	The electrode was used for simultaneous determination of guanine and adenine in a sequential injection lab-on-valve format and exhibited sensitive responses to guanine and adenine oxidation due to the pi-pi stacking interaction of Cu3(BTC)2 and the inclusion behavior of beta-CD.	Adenine	172-179	betacellulin	Homo sapiens	235-238
25209863-6	2014	CKD-associated molecular changes in kidneys were more pronounced in males than females except for expression of ER-alpha in the kidney, which was completely suppressed in adenine-fed males but unchanged in adenine-fed females.	Adenine	171-178	estrogen receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	112-120
25209863-6	2014	CKD-associated molecular changes in kidneys were more pronounced in males than females except for expression of ER-alpha in the kidney, which was completely suppressed in adenine-fed males but unchanged in adenine-fed females.	Adenine	206-213	estrogen receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	112-120
25209863-9	2014	In hearts from adenine-fed male and female rats, expression of ER-alpha and activation of the ERK1/2 pathway were increased, in part explaining changes in cardiac hypertrophy.	Adenine	15-22	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	94-100
25209863-10	2014	In summary, adenine-induced kidney damage may be increased in males due to the suppression of ER-alpha.	Adenine	12-19	estrogen receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	94-102
25375110-2	2014	TDG preferentially catalyzes the removal of thymine and uracil paired with guanine, and is also active on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) paired with adenine or guanine.	Adenine	140-147	thymine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	0-3
25400523-2	2014	The conventional mechanism for the dealkylation of N1-methyl adenine (1-meA) catalyzed by AlkB after the formation of FeIV-oxo is comprised by a reorientation of the oxo moiety, hydrogen abstraction, OH rebound from the Fe atom to the methyl adduct, and the dissociation of the resulting methoxide to obtain the repaired adenine base and formaldehyde.	Adenine	61-68	alkB homolog 1, histone H2A dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	90-94
25323974-3	2014	DNA adenine methyltransferase (DAM) targets the sequence of 5"-GATC-3" and can convert adenine into N(6)-methyladenine (m(6)A).	Adenine	4-11	glutamyl-tRNA amidotransferase subunit C	Homo sapiens	63-67
25393959-13	2014	Docking of adenosine and inosine inside A2A showed that the main difference is the formation by adenosine of an additional hydrogen bond between the NH2 of the adenine group and the residues Asn253 in H6 and Glu169 in EL2 of the A2A receptor.	Adenine	160-167	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29	Homo sapiens	40-43
25393959-13	2014	Docking of adenosine and inosine inside A2A showed that the main difference is the formation by adenosine of an additional hydrogen bond between the NH2 of the adenine group and the residues Asn253 in H6 and Glu169 in EL2 of the A2A receptor.	Adenine	160-167	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29	Homo sapiens	229-232
25205373-7	2014	Klf5 was also induced markedly in the calcified aorta of adenine-induced uremic rats.	Adenine	57-64	Kruppel-like factor 5	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
25193680-6	2014	RESULTS: Adenine administration induced severe renal damages, as indicated by the mass proteinuria, the heavy urinary NAG, and the marked histopathological injury in tubules and interstitium.	Adenine	9-16	O-GlcNAcase	Rattus norvegicus	118-121
25331903-3	2014	Previously, using transfected cell studies, we observed that although DAT Val559 displays normal total and surface DAT protein levels, and normal DA recognition and uptake, the variant transporter exhibits anomalous DA efflux (ADE) and lacks capacity for amphetamine (AMPH)-stimulated DA release.	Adenine	227-230	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine), member 3	Mus musculus	70-73
24916378-6	2014	TFB1M is known to control mitochondrial protein translation by adenine dimethylation of 12S ribosomal RNA (rRNA).	Adenine	63-70	transcription factor B1, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	0-5
25193680-11	2014	CONCLUSION: DFD alleviated adenine-induced tubular epithelial apoptosis and renal damage in vivo, presumably through the suppression of TGF-beta1-JNK pathway activation.	Adenine	27-34	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	136-145
25193680-11	2014	CONCLUSION: DFD alleviated adenine-induced tubular epithelial apoptosis and renal damage in vivo, presumably through the suppression of TGF-beta1-JNK pathway activation.	Adenine	27-34	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	146-149
25291629-3	2014	Enhancement by more than 3 orders of magnitude in the UV-SERS performance was obtained from the DNA base adenine, matching well the UV plasmonic optical signatures and simulations, demonstrating its suitability for biodetection.	Adenine	105-112	seryl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	57-61
25084372-3	2014	In t(6)A biosynthesis, threonylcarbamoyl-adenylate (TCA) is synthesized from threonine, bicarbonate and ATP, and the threonyl-carbamoyl group is transferred to adenine 37 of tRNA by Qri7.	Adenine	160-167	putative N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenine synthase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	182-186
25203306-0	2014	Theory uncovers an unusual mechanism of DNA repair of a lesioned adenine by AlkB enzymes.	Adenine	65-72	alkB homolog 1, histone H2A dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	76-80
25203306-2	2014	We use in-protein QM/MM calculations to study the repair of etheno-bridged adenine (epsilonA) by the iron(IV)-oxo species of AlkB enzymes.	Adenine	75-82	alkB homolog 1, histone H2A dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	125-129
25249624-5	2014	The 16-100-fold higher catalytic efficiency of AA initiation sequence relative to AG and AT, respectively, is partly due to Rpo41-Mtf1 interactions with the +1+2 non-template adenines that generate a stable pre-transcribing complex.	Adenine	175-183	DNA-directed RNA polymerase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	124-129
25249624-5	2014	The 16-100-fold higher catalytic efficiency of AA initiation sequence relative to AG and AT, respectively, is partly due to Rpo41-Mtf1 interactions with the +1+2 non-template adenines that generate a stable pre-transcribing complex.	Adenine	175-183	RNA polymerase specificity factor	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	130-134
24936560-11	2014	Genetic studies showed a novel missense biallelic mutation changing guanine to adenine in exon 3 (c.G526A) of the HSD11B2.	Adenine	79-86	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2	Homo sapiens	114-121
25170306-1	2014	MUTYH is a DNA glycosylase that excises adenine paired with 8-oxoguanine to prevent mutagenesis in mammals.	Adenine	40-47	mutY DNA glycosylase	Mus musculus	0-5
25089037-11	2014	Hydroxyl, carbonyl or methoxy group also formed hydrogen bonds with residues in the adenine pocket and sugar pocket of HER2-TK.	Adenine	84-91	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	119-123
24361819-6	2014	Thus, detoxified lipopolysaccaride (MPL-A), CpG oligonucleotides, imidazoquinolines and adenine derivatives acting via innate sensors may represent improvements in therapeutic vaccinations for allergy as able to interfere with pathogenic TH2 cells with eventual induction of TH1 differentiation.	Adenine	88-95	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	275-278
26277976-0	2014	New Method for Double-Resonance Spectroscopy in a Cold Quadrupole Ion Trap and Its Application to UV-UV Hole-Burning Spectroscopy of Protonated Adenine Dimer.	Adenine	144-151	TRAP	Homo sapiens	70-74
26277976-4	2014	This simple and powerful method is applicable to any type of double-resonance spectroscopy in a cold quadrupole ion trap and was applied to UV-UV hole-burning spectroscopy of protonated adenine dimer.	Adenine	186-193	TRAP	Homo sapiens	116-120
25013500-3	2014	The present study evaluated the association between the Axin2 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2240308 [guanine (G)/adenine (A)] and the incidence of prostate cancer.	Adenine	122-129	axin 2	Homo sapiens	56-61
24236643-1	2014	BACKGROUND: HNA-3 antigens are the result of a rs2288904 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the CTL2, and the HNA-3a and HNA-3b variants are encoded by a guanine and adenine at Nucleotide Position 461.	Adenine	171-178	solute carrier family 44 member 2	Homo sapiens	101-105
25108327-4	2014	The four RNA bases are ranked as Gua&gt;Ade&gt;Ura&gt;Cyt according to their propensity to participate in cation-pi interactions.	Adenine	40-43	DExD-box helicase 21	Homo sapiens	33-36
24642187-2	2014	We identified a polymorphism in the promoter of the BCMO1 gene, inducing differences in BCMO1 mRNA levels (high in adenines (AA) and low in guanines (GG)) and colour in chicken breast muscle.	Adenine	115-123	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Gallus gallus	52-57
24642187-2	2014	We identified a polymorphism in the promoter of the BCMO1 gene, inducing differences in BCMO1 mRNA levels (high in adenines (AA) and low in guanines (GG)) and colour in chicken breast muscle.	Adenine	115-123	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Gallus gallus	88-93
24569162-1	2014	The MUTYH DNA glycosylase counteracts mutagenesis by removing adenine misincorporated opposite DNA 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2"-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG).	Adenine	62-69	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	4-9
24692658-4	2014	Here we demonstrate that TDG initiates aberrant repair by excising T when it is paired with a damaged adenine residue in DNA duplex.	Adenine	102-109	thymine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	25-28
24878662-4	2014	The open crystal structure of zfP2X4 confirms one of three AR modes (named AR1), in which the adenine ring of ATP is buried into site S1 while the triphosphate moiety interacts with clustered basic residues.	Adenine	94-101	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 4a	Danio rerio	30-36
24878662-4	2014	The open crystal structure of zfP2X4 confirms one of three AR modes (named AR1), in which the adenine ring of ATP is buried into site S1 while the triphosphate moiety interacts with clustered basic residues.	Adenine	94-101	cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1a	Danio rerio	75-78
24796654-1	2014	From a historic point of view adenine was always presumed to be the product of HCN pentamerization.	Adenine	30-37	metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1	Homo sapiens	79-82
24796654-2	2014	In this work a new mechanism for adenine synthesis in the gas phase without HCN is proposed.	Adenine	33-40	metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1	Homo sapiens	76-79
24785783-11	2014	CCC1-up cells were adenine-deficient on minimal medium; supplementing with adenine caused a decline of NHHS Fe(II) suggesting that some of the NHHS Fe(II) that accumulated in these cells was associated with adenine deficiency rather than the overexpression of CCC1.	Adenine	19-26	Ccc1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-4
24785783-11	2014	CCC1-up cells were adenine-deficient on minimal medium; supplementing with adenine caused a decline of NHHS Fe(II) suggesting that some of the NHHS Fe(II) that accumulated in these cells was associated with adenine deficiency rather than the overexpression of CCC1.	Adenine	75-82	Ccc1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	260-264
24553751-4	2014	tmm-4 mutation included a base transversion from adenine to thymidine in position 1,033 of the TMM coding region and resulted in premature termination of translation at position 345 of TMM.	Adenine	49-56	Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-3
24553751-4	2014	tmm-4 mutation included a base transversion from adenine to thymidine in position 1,033 of the TMM coding region and resulted in premature termination of translation at position 345 of TMM.	Adenine	49-56	Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	95-98
24553751-6	2014	tmm-6 mutation took a base transition from guanine to adenine in 463 of TMM and changed a glycine (Gly) to an arginine (Arg) in position 155 of the protein.	Adenine	54-61	Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-3
24553751-6	2014	tmm-6 mutation took a base transition from guanine to adenine in 463 of TMM and changed a glycine (Gly) to an arginine (Arg) in position 155 of the protein.	Adenine	54-61	Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	72-75
24412558-5	2014	Adenine treatment impaired kidney function: it lowered creatinine clearance and increased plasma concentrations of creatinine, urea, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and vanin-1.	Adenine	0-7	lipocalin 2	Rattus norvegicus	133-175
24703312-8	2014	Values of Gamma2+ computed from molecular dynamics simulations using the model show excellent agreement with both experimental data on the adenine riboswitch and previous explicit-solvent simulations of the SAM-I riboswitch.	Adenine	139-146	tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	10-16
24633771-4	2014	The conserved hydrophobic adenine region of PI3Kalpha made up of Met772, Pro778, Ile800, Tyr836, Ile848, Val850, Val851, Met922, Phe930 and Ile932 accommodates the flat 2-tert-butyl-4"-methyl-4,5"-bithiazol moiety of A-66S, and the NH of Val851 forms a hydrogen with the nitrogen atom embedded in the aminothiazole ring of A-66S.	Adenine	26-33	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	44-53
24569863-4	2014	Using two experimental rat models of CKD (subtotal nephrectomy and adenine diet) which show early insulin resistance, we found that 11betaHSD1 mRNA and protein increase in hepatic and adipose tissue, together with increased hepatic 11betaHSD1 activity.	Adenine	67-74	insulin	Homo sapiens	98-105
24569863-4	2014	Using two experimental rat models of CKD (subtotal nephrectomy and adenine diet) which show early insulin resistance, we found that 11betaHSD1 mRNA and protein increase in hepatic and adipose tissue, together with increased hepatic 11betaHSD1 activity.	Adenine	67-74	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	132-142
24569863-7	2014	Furthermore, 11betaHSD1(-/-) mice and rats treated with a specific 11betaHSD1 inhibitor (UE2316) were protected from metabolic disturbances despite similar renal dysfunction following adenine experimental uremia.	Adenine	184-191	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 1	Mus musculus	13-23
24569863-7	2014	Furthermore, 11betaHSD1(-/-) mice and rats treated with a specific 11betaHSD1 inhibitor (UE2316) were protected from metabolic disturbances despite similar renal dysfunction following adenine experimental uremia.	Adenine	184-191	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	67-77
24941852-1	2014	OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Yijing Recipe (YR) on the apoptosis of testis spermatogenic cells and the protein expression of Bcl-2/Bax in rats with adenine induced infertility.	Adenine	155-162	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	132-137
24941852-1	2014	OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Yijing Recipe (YR) on the apoptosis of testis spermatogenic cells and the protein expression of Bcl-2/Bax in rats with adenine induced infertility.	Adenine	155-162	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	138-141
24496148-1	2014	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between a single nucleotide polymorphism rs2274223 (adenine [A] to guanine [G]) in the phospholipase C epsilon 1 (PLCE1) gene and susceptibility to colorectal cancer (CRC).	Adenine	94-101	phospholipase C epsilon 1	Homo sapiens	129-154
24496148-1	2014	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between a single nucleotide polymorphism rs2274223 (adenine [A] to guanine [G]) in the phospholipase C epsilon 1 (PLCE1) gene and susceptibility to colorectal cancer (CRC).	Adenine	94-101	phospholipase C epsilon 1	Homo sapiens	156-161
24246953-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Ricin is a type II ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) that potently inactivates eukaryotic ribosomes by removing a specific adenine residue at the conserved alpha-sarcin/ricin loop of 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA).	Adenine	137-144	receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	62-65
24412558-5	2014	Adenine treatment impaired kidney function: it lowered creatinine clearance and increased plasma concentrations of creatinine, urea, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and vanin-1.	Adenine	0-7	vanin 1	Rattus norvegicus	180-187
24660883-4	2014	The adenine analogue 18 exhibits weak in vitro anti-HIV-1 activity (EC50 = 19.2 muM).	Adenine	4-11	latexin	Homo sapiens	80-83
24296244-3	2014	Ogg1 initiates removal of the major oxidation product 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) in DNA, and Mutyh initiates removal of adenine that has been misincorporated opposite 8-oxoG.	Adenine	115-122	mutY DNA glycosylase	Mus musculus	88-93
24558472-7	2014	An adenine residue deletion was observed in the pdpC1 gene of SCHU P0, P5, and P9 and in the pdpC2 gene of SCHU P0, and P5, while P9 was characterized by the wild type pdpC2 gene.	Adenine	3-10	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Mus musculus	48-53
24558472-7	2014	An adenine residue deletion was observed in the pdpC1 gene of SCHU P0, P5, and P9 and in the pdpC2 gene of SCHU P0, and P5, while P9 was characterized by the wild type pdpC2 gene.	Adenine	3-10	SUB1 homolog, transcriptional regulator	Mus musculus	62-81
24100351-2	2014	The crystal structure of PP2A bound to PP2A phosphatase activator (PTPA) and ATPgammaS reveals that PTPA makes broad contacts with the structural elements surrounding the PP2A active site and the adenine moiety of ATP.	Adenine	196-203	protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator	Homo sapiens	25-29
24100351-2	2014	The crystal structure of PP2A bound to PP2A phosphatase activator (PTPA) and ATPgammaS reveals that PTPA makes broad contacts with the structural elements surrounding the PP2A active site and the adenine moiety of ATP.	Adenine	196-203	protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator	Homo sapiens	39-65
24100351-2	2014	The crystal structure of PP2A bound to PP2A phosphatase activator (PTPA) and ATPgammaS reveals that PTPA makes broad contacts with the structural elements surrounding the PP2A active site and the adenine moiety of ATP.	Adenine	196-203	protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator	Homo sapiens	67-71
24100351-2	2014	The crystal structure of PP2A bound to PP2A phosphatase activator (PTPA) and ATPgammaS reveals that PTPA makes broad contacts with the structural elements surrounding the PP2A active site and the adenine moiety of ATP.	Adenine	196-203	protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator	Homo sapiens	100-104
24100351-2	2014	The crystal structure of PP2A bound to PP2A phosphatase activator (PTPA) and ATPgammaS reveals that PTPA makes broad contacts with the structural elements surrounding the PP2A active site and the adenine moiety of ATP.	Adenine	196-203	protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator	Homo sapiens	39-43
24361895-1	2014	In kinesin X-ray crystal structures, the N-terminal region of the alpha-1 helix is adjacent to the adenine ring of the bound nucleotide, while the C-terminal region of the helix is near the neck-linker (NL).	Adenine	99-106	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	66-73
23918834-4	2014	CASE: Here we report on a three-generation family with five patients having a novel ATP1A2 mutation on exon 19, causing guanine-to-adenine substitution (c.2620G&gt;A, p.Gly874Ser) that co-segregated in the five living relatives with migraine, four of whom had hemiplegic migraine.	Adenine	131-138	ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	84-90
24588752-4	2014	Adenine analogue 19 shows significant anti-HIV-1 activity (EC(50) = 13 muM).	Adenine	0-7	latexin	Homo sapiens	71-74
24088627-4	2014	In vitro growth impairment of the purL mutant and its growth dependency on adenine and adenosine confirmed the functional disruption of the purine synthesis gene.	Adenine	75-82	phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase	Homo sapiens	34-38
24418908-0	2014	Does the tautomeric status of the adenine bases change upon the dissociation of the A* A(syn) Topal-Fresco DNA mismatch?	Adenine	34-41	synemin	Homo sapiens	89-92
24418908-2	2014	We have scrupulously explored the tautomerisation mechanism via the double proton transfer of the A* A(syn) Topal-Fresco base mispair (C(s) symmetry), formed by the imino and amino tautomers of the adenine DNA base in the anti- and syn-conformations, respectively, bridging quantum-mechanical calculations with Bader"s quantum theory of atoms in molecules.	Adenine	198-205	synemin	Homo sapiens	103-106
24418908-2	2014	We have scrupulously explored the tautomerisation mechanism via the double proton transfer of the A* A(syn) Topal-Fresco base mispair (C(s) symmetry), formed by the imino and amino tautomers of the adenine DNA base in the anti- and syn-conformations, respectively, bridging quantum-mechanical calculations with Bader"s quantum theory of atoms in molecules.	Adenine	198-205	synemin	Homo sapiens	232-235
24211998-5	2014	At the meantime, it was demonstrated that DNA was effectively fixed on the GNs/chit/GCE electrode;6-MP caused obvious damage to dsDNA, and the damage degree on the adenine was bigger than that on the guanine; the interaction between 6-MP and dsDNA was preliminarily deduced as the intercalation, and its electrochemical oxidation process was an irreversible process controlled by the adsorption.	Adenine	164-171	glycine decarboxylase	Homo sapiens	84-87
24315136-1	2014	MutY DNA glycosylase homologs (MYH or MUTYH) reduce G:C to T:A mutations by removing misincorporated adenines or 2-hydroxyadenines paired with guanine or 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxo-G).	Adenine	101-109	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	31-34
24315136-1	2014	MutY DNA glycosylase homologs (MYH or MUTYH) reduce G:C to T:A mutations by removing misincorporated adenines or 2-hydroxyadenines paired with guanine or 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxo-G).	Adenine	101-109	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	38-43
24564605-5	2014	Adenine feeding induced CKD, accompanied by significant decreases (P&lt;0.05) in EC, PCV, and Hb, and in the serum concentrations of Fe, Tf, TIBC, UIBC and Epo.	Adenine	0-7	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	156-159
24324622-1	2013	UNLABELLED: To study expression and function of methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP), the rate-limiting enzyme in the methionine and adenine salvage pathway, in chronic liver disease.	Adenine	137-144	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	48-81
24324622-1	2013	UNLABELLED: To study expression and function of methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP), the rate-limiting enzyme in the methionine and adenine salvage pathway, in chronic liver disease.	Adenine	137-144	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	83-87
23969235-3	2013	Of interest, some adenine/uracil-rich elements (AREs) in SOD1 3"-untranslated region have been identified.	Adenine	18-25	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	57-61
24209961-1	2013	MutY homologue (MYH) is a DNA glycosylase which excises adenine paired with the oxidative lesion 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG, or G(o)) during base excision repair (BER).	Adenine	56-63	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	16-19
24064216-2	2013	Computational models of human P-gp in the apo- and nucleotide-bound conformation show that the adenine group of ATP forms hydrogen bonds with the conserved Asp-164 and Asp-805 in intracellular loops 1 and 3, respectively, which are located at the interface between the nucleotide binding domains and transmembrane domains.	Adenine	95-102	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	30-34
26029768-5	2013	In addition, bio-complementary PCL-b-PVBU/9-hexadecyladenine (AC16) hierarchical supramolecular complexes formed through strong cooperative hydrogen bonding between the uracil group of PVBU and the adenine group of A-C16.	Adenine	53-60	PHD finger protein 1	Homo sapiens	31-34
23974085-2	2013	CDKAL1 is a methylthiotransferase that catalyzes 2-methylthio (ms(2)) modification of the adenine at position 37 (A37) of cytoplasmic tRNA(Lys)(UUU).	Adenine	90-97	CDK5 regulatory subunit associated protein 1 like 1	Homo sapiens	0-6
23693034-4	2013	When DNA was immobilized on GR-CdS (DNA/GR-CdS) modified electrode, the electrochemical oxidation of guanine and adenine in DNA residue bases was significantly promoted.	Adenine	113-120	CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 1	Homo sapiens	31-34
23972113-5	2013	Using molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations, we show that hypoxanthine substitutions in PNAs are tolerated in KRAS2 RNA:PNA duplexes where wild type guanine is replaced by mutant uracil or adenine in RNA.	Adenine	211-218	Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog	Mus musculus	132-137
24003229-11	2013	We propose that stalk binding stimulates the catalysis of ribosome depurination by orienting the active site of RTA toward the SRL and thereby allows docking of the target adenine into the active site.	Adenine	172-179	MAS related GPR family member F	Homo sapiens	112-115
24124590-11	2013	Modeling and our experimental results suggest that the adenine ring of SAM is sandwiched between Ile136 and Met103, the amide group of SAM is hydrogen bonded to Gly78 in hAS3MT and SAM is bonded to Tyr59 with van der Waals, cation-pi and hydrogen bonding contacts.	Adenine	55-62	PDS5 cohesin associated factor B	Homo sapiens	170-174
23693034-4	2013	When DNA was immobilized on GR-CdS (DNA/GR-CdS) modified electrode, the electrochemical oxidation of guanine and adenine in DNA residue bases was significantly promoted.	Adenine	113-120	CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 1	Homo sapiens	43-46
23693034-5	2013	Due to the interaction of DNA with phenformin, the voltammetric current of guanine or adenine on the DNA/GR-CdS electrode was decreased when phenformin was present in the electrolytic solution.	Adenine	86-93	CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 1	Homo sapiens	108-111
23838362-2	2013	In all the nine compounds, both neutral and cationic adenine exist as their most stable tautomer and the molecular recognition pattern between the metal-pdc chelates and the adenine or adeninium(1+) ligands involves the MN7 bond in cooperation with an intra-molecular N6H O(coordinated carboxylate) interligand interaction.	Adenine	53-60	HERC2 pseudogene 2	Homo sapiens	220-223
23838362-2	2013	In all the nine compounds, both neutral and cationic adenine exist as their most stable tautomer and the molecular recognition pattern between the metal-pdc chelates and the adenine or adeninium(1+) ligands involves the MN7 bond in cooperation with an intra-molecular N6H O(coordinated carboxylate) interligand interaction.	Adenine	174-181	HERC2 pseudogene 2	Homo sapiens	220-223
23649227-6	2013	The elevated expression of AOX1 mRNA could be prevented by adding adenine and adenosine which simultaneously reduced the cytotoxic effects of BA and [9R]BA, respectively.	Adenine	66-73	ubiquinol oxidase 1, mitochondrial	Nicotiana tabacum	27-31
23108399-1	2013	The DNA glycosylase MUTYH (mutY homolog (Escherichia coli)) counteracts the mutagenic effects of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxodG) by removing adenine (A) misincorporated opposite the oxidized purine.	Adenine	144-151	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	20-25
23961878-1	2013	Pteridinone-based Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonists were identified as potent and selective alternatives to the previously reported adenine-based agonists, leading to the discovery of GS-9620.	Adenine	135-142	toll like receptor 7	Homo sapiens	40-44
23686330-6	2013	The APS haplotype contains an adenine corresponding to methionine, instead of valine, at position 158 of the COMT protein.	Adenine	30-37	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	109-113
23927491-7	2013	Based on a model for kinetic parameters, a 16-fold translation efficiency could be achieved by introducing a tandem repeat of adenine sequences (A20) between the SD and translation enhancer sequences.	Adenine	126-133	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-27	Homo sapiens	145-148
23811197-7	2013	The KIAbetaW-ATP complex was determined using NMR spectroscopy and reveals the adenine ring sandwiched between the two Trp indole rings and that ATP binding induces important conformational changes in His1, Trp2, Lys4, Trp9 and Lys11 in the beta-hairpin.	Adenine	79-86	viral integration site 1	Homo sapiens	201-205
23864105-7	2013	Comparative studies indicate that PHTPP derivatives fit well within the ATP binding cleft in CDK2, with the core heterocyclic ring overlapping significantly with the adenine group of ATP despite a small deflection.	Adenine	166-173	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	93-97
23815599-0	2013	An adenine insertion in exon 6 of human GP6 generates a truncated protein associated with a bleeding disorder in four Chilean families.	Adenine	3-10	glycoprotein VI platelet	Homo sapiens	40-43
23845934-1	2013	6-aminopurine metabolism in Leishmania is unique among trypanosomatid pathogens since this genus expresses two distinct routes for adenine salvage: adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) and adenine deaminase (AAH).	Adenine	0-13	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Leishmania donovani	148-181
23872372-9	2013	The results from this study indicate that nAChR partial agonists reduce the expression of ADE in mice and further suggest the involvement of nAChR mechanisms in ADE, a relapse-like ethanol drinking behavior.	Adenine	90-93	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	42-47
23872372-9	2013	The results from this study indicate that nAChR partial agonists reduce the expression of ADE in mice and further suggest the involvement of nAChR mechanisms in ADE, a relapse-like ethanol drinking behavior.	Adenine	161-164	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	42-47
23872372-9	2013	The results from this study indicate that nAChR partial agonists reduce the expression of ADE in mice and further suggest the involvement of nAChR mechanisms in ADE, a relapse-like ethanol drinking behavior.	Adenine	161-164	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	141-146
23770594-4	2013	CrNCS1 acts as a transporter of adenine, guanine, uracil and allantoin, sharing similar - but not identical - solute recognition specificity with the evolutionary distant NCS1 from Arabidopsis thaliana.	Adenine	32-39	permease, cytosine/purines, uracil, thiamine, allantoin family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	2-6
24032074-3	2013	Here, we report the graphene nanoribbon (GNR) supported anisotropic supramolecular self-assembly of single stranded adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), thymine (T), AT, and GC 20mer oligonucleotides, as well as the unique ordering of double stranded plasmid (circular) and Herring sperm (linear) DNA.	Adenine	116-123	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1B	Homo sapiens	177-182
23940256-4	2013	Herein, we explored the role of the adenine and uridine-rich element (ARE)-binding protein tristetraprolin (TTP) in influencing mRNA stability of IL12p35, IL12/23p40, and IL23p19 subunits.	Adenine	36-43	interleukin 12a	Mus musculus	146-153
23379470-5	2013	An insertion of additional adenine base was observed in location of 175th base of ND3 gene.	Adenine	27-34	ND3	Mauremys sinensis	82-85
23845934-1	2013	6-aminopurine metabolism in Leishmania is unique among trypanosomatid pathogens since this genus expresses two distinct routes for adenine salvage: adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) and adenine deaminase (AAH).	Adenine	0-13	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Leishmania donovani	183-187
23845934-1	2013	6-aminopurine metabolism in Leishmania is unique among trypanosomatid pathogens since this genus expresses two distinct routes for adenine salvage: adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) and adenine deaminase (AAH).	Adenine	131-138	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Leishmania donovani	148-181
23766555-6	2013	Thus, Co2+ ion is coordinated in pseudo-tetrahedral geometry by four nitrogen atoms of adenine rings of two NAD+ molecules.	Adenine	87-94	complement C2	Homo sapiens	6-9
23512109-9	2013	Oxidative stress and inflammation in the kidneys of adenine-treated animals was accompanied by an impaired activation of Nrf2 and down-regulation of its target gene products including, catalase, heme oxygenase-1 and glutamate-cysteine ligase.	Adenine	52-59	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	121-125
23512109-9	2013	Oxidative stress and inflammation in the kidneys of adenine-treated animals was accompanied by an impaired activation of Nrf2 and down-regulation of its target gene products including, catalase, heme oxygenase-1 and glutamate-cysteine ligase.	Adenine	52-59	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	185-193
23512109-9	2013	Oxidative stress and inflammation in the kidneys of adenine-treated animals was accompanied by an impaired activation of Nrf2 and down-regulation of its target gene products including, catalase, heme oxygenase-1 and glutamate-cysteine ligase.	Adenine	52-59	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	195-211
23688699-0	2013	Evaluation of adenine as scaffold for the development of novel P2X3 receptor antagonists.	Adenine	14-21	purinergic receptor P2X 3	Homo sapiens	63-67
23616216-2	2013	Ultrafast time-resolved fluorescence measurements were carried out to investigate the effect of g5p binding on the conformation of 2-aminopurine (2AP) labels positioned between adenines or cytosines in the 16-nucleotide antiparallel tails of DNA hairpins.	Adenine	177-185	G-patch domain and ankyrin repeats 1	Homo sapiens	96-99
23345622-0	2013	A hepcidin lowering agent mobilizes iron for incorporation into red blood cells in an adenine-induced kidney disease model of anemia in rats.	Adenine	86-93	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	2-10
23345622-3	2013	Adenine treatment in rats has been proposed as an animal model of anemia of CKD with high hepcidin levels that mirrors the condition in human patients.	Adenine	0-7	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	90-98
23345622-6	2013	RESULTS: Adenine-treated rats exhibited increased hepatic hepcidin mRNA, decreased serum iron, increased spleen iron content, low hemoglobin (Hb) and inappropriately low erythropoietin (EPO) levels relative to the degree of anemia.	Adenine	9-16	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	58-66
23345622-6	2013	RESULTS: Adenine-treated rats exhibited increased hepatic hepcidin mRNA, decreased serum iron, increased spleen iron content, low hemoglobin (Hb) and inappropriately low erythropoietin (EPO) levels relative to the degree of anemia.	Adenine	9-16	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	170-184
23345622-6	2013	RESULTS: Adenine-treated rats exhibited increased hepatic hepcidin mRNA, decreased serum iron, increased spleen iron content, low hemoglobin (Hb) and inappropriately low erythropoietin (EPO) levels relative to the degree of anemia.	Adenine	9-16	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	186-189
23345622-7	2013	LDN-193189 administration to adenine-treated rats lowered hepatic hepcidin mRNA, mobilized stored iron into plasma and increased Hb content of reticulocytes.	Adenine	29-36	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	66-74
23734017-2	2013	The mammalian NAD-glycohydrolase CD38 catalyzes formation of cADPR by removing nicotinamide and forming a new intramolecular bond between N1 of adenine and C1 of the "northern" ribose.	Adenine	144-151	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	33-37
23620282-8	2013	Furthermore, we observed that A3G favors adenines, cytosines and thymines flanking the cytosine dinucleotide target in unstructured regions of ssDNA.	Adenine	41-49	apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3G	Homo sapiens	30-33
23762435-6	2013	Subsequent addition of adenine to the assay mixture lead to trapping of E1(E2)-QM, resulting in formation of adenine adducts of estrogens, E1(E2)-9-N-Ade.	Adenine	23-30	cystatin 12, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	72-77
23762435-6	2013	Subsequent addition of adenine to the assay mixture lead to trapping of E1(E2)-QM, resulting in formation of adenine adducts of estrogens, E1(E2)-9-N-Ade.	Adenine	23-30	cystatin 12, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	139-147
23762435-6	2013	Subsequent addition of adenine to the assay mixture lead to trapping of E1(E2)-QM, resulting in formation of adenine adducts of estrogens, E1(E2)-9-N-Ade.	Adenine	109-116	cystatin 12, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	72-77
23762435-6	2013	Subsequent addition of adenine to the assay mixture lead to trapping of E1(E2)-QM, resulting in formation of adenine adducts of estrogens, E1(E2)-9-N-Ade.	Adenine	109-116	cystatin 12, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	139-147
23762435-7	2013	Targeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) based metabolomic analysis of the breast tissue extracts showed the presence of adenine adducts of estrogens, E1(E2)-9-N-Ade, along with other estrogen related metabolites.	Adenine	167-174	cystatin 12, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	197-205
23762435-7	2013	Targeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) based metabolomic analysis of the breast tissue extracts showed the presence of adenine adducts of estrogens, E1(E2)-9-N-Ade, along with other estrogen related metabolites.	Adenine	208-211	cystatin 12, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	197-205
23616574-8	2013	However, wild type FcgammaRIIa facilitates DENV entry by virtue of the ITAM motif, whereas the swapped version FcgammaRIIa-ITIM significantly inhibited ADE.	Adenine	152-155	Fc gamma receptor IIa	Homo sapiens	111-122
23616574-9	2013	Similarly, replacing the inhibitory motif in FcgammaRIIb with an ITAM (FcgammaRIIb-ITAM) reconstituted ADE capacity to levels of the wild type activating counterpart, FcgammaRIIa.	Adenine	103-106	Fc gamma receptor IIb	Homo sapiens	45-56
23616574-9	2013	Similarly, replacing the inhibitory motif in FcgammaRIIb with an ITAM (FcgammaRIIb-ITAM) reconstituted ADE capacity to levels of the wild type activating counterpart, FcgammaRIIa.	Adenine	103-106	Fc gamma receptor IIb	Homo sapiens	71-82
23616574-9	2013	Similarly, replacing the inhibitory motif in FcgammaRIIb with an ITAM (FcgammaRIIb-ITAM) reconstituted ADE capacity to levels of the wild type activating counterpart, FcgammaRIIa.	Adenine	103-106	Fc gamma receptor IIa	Homo sapiens	167-178
23925379-6	2013	Incidence of ADEs during the first year of ART was 60.8 per 1000 person-years: 69.9 for migrants and 57.7 for nonmigrants [crude hazard ratio (HR) 1.18; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-1.29], adjusted HR (for sex, age, CD4, HIV-1 RNA, ART regimen, prior ADE, probable route of infection and year of initiation, and stratified by cohort) 1.21 (95% CI 1.09-1.34).	Adenine	13-16	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	221-224
23515616-0	2013	Rats with adenine-induced chronic renal failure develop low-renin, salt-sensitive hypertension and increased aortic stiffness.	Adenine	10-17	renin	Rattus norvegicus	60-65
23345625-14	2013	Local and systemic inflammation in the mice model of adenine-induced CKD was confirmed by the findings of significantly high expression of cytokine mRNA levels and NF-kappaB activation in the kidney tissue as well as marked increased serum levels of inflammatory cytokines.	Adenine	53-60	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	164-173
23281318-2	2013	Dual oxidases (DUOX1 and DUOX2) are the H2 O2 -producing isoforms of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase family in the airway epithelium.	Adenine	86-93	dual oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	15-20
23281318-2	2013	Dual oxidases (DUOX1 and DUOX2) are the H2 O2 -producing isoforms of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase family in the airway epithelium.	Adenine	86-93	dual oxidase 2	Homo sapiens	25-30
23583737-1	2013	The results of quantum mechanical calculations, including binding energies and results of the population analysis show that the GC and AT base pair complexes are more stable than the CAF-X ones (where CAF is caffeine and X=adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C) and guanine (G)).	Adenine	223-230	lysine acetyltransferase 2B	Homo sapiens	183-186
23374646-1	2013	AIM: The MLH1 promoter contains a common single nucleotide polymorphism (-93 guanine &gt; adenine) located in an essential region for maximum transcriptional activity.	Adenine	90-97	mutL homolog 1	Homo sapiens	9-13
23737759-8	2013	To answer this question, we took a chemical-genetics approach by using analogue-sensitive CDK7(as/as) mutant HCT116 cells, in which CDK7 can be specifically inhibited by bulky adenine analogs.	Adenine	176-183	cyclin dependent kinase 7	Homo sapiens	90-94
23737759-8	2013	To answer this question, we took a chemical-genetics approach by using analogue-sensitive CDK7(as/as) mutant HCT116 cells, in which CDK7 can be specifically inhibited by bulky adenine analogs.	Adenine	176-183	cyclin dependent kinase 7	Homo sapiens	132-136
23593165-3	2013	Several genetic polymorphisms influence RAGE transcription, expression and activity, including the substitution of a thymine with an adenine (T/A) in the position -374 of the gene promoter of RAGE.	Adenine	133-140	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 914	Homo sapiens	40-44
23593165-3	2013	Several genetic polymorphisms influence RAGE transcription, expression and activity, including the substitution of a thymine with an adenine (T/A) in the position -374 of the gene promoter of RAGE.	Adenine	133-140	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 914	Homo sapiens	192-196
23460202-1	2013	The MUTYH DNA-glycosylase is indirectly engaged in the repair of the miscoding 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2"-deoxyguanine (8-oxodG) lesion by removing adenine erroneously incorporated opposite the oxidized purine.	Adenine	142-149	mutY DNA glycosylase	Mus musculus	4-9
23787180-7	2013	Furthermore, several anti-apoptotic characteristics of adenine were determined, including the ability to inhibit caspase 3/7, upregulate B-cell lymphoma (Bcl-2) and downregulate Bcl-2- associated X (Bax), capase-9 gene expression in 4 Gy-irradiated AHH-1 cells.	Adenine	55-62	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	113-122
23787180-7	2013	Furthermore, several anti-apoptotic characteristics of adenine were determined, including the ability to inhibit caspase 3/7, upregulate B-cell lymphoma (Bcl-2) and downregulate Bcl-2- associated X (Bax), capase-9 gene expression in 4 Gy-irradiated AHH-1 cells.	Adenine	55-62	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	154-159
23787180-7	2013	Furthermore, several anti-apoptotic characteristics of adenine were determined, including the ability to inhibit caspase 3/7, upregulate B-cell lymphoma (Bcl-2) and downregulate Bcl-2- associated X (Bax), capase-9 gene expression in 4 Gy-irradiated AHH-1 cells.	Adenine	55-62	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	178-197
23787180-7	2013	Furthermore, several anti-apoptotic characteristics of adenine were determined, including the ability to inhibit caspase 3/7, upregulate B-cell lymphoma (Bcl-2) and downregulate Bcl-2- associated X (Bax), capase-9 gene expression in 4 Gy-irradiated AHH-1 cells.	Adenine	55-62	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	199-202
23280877-0	2013	Renal uptake of substrates for organic anion transporters Oat1 and Oat3 and organic cation transporters Oct1 and Oct2 is altered in rats with adenine-induced chronic renal failure.	Adenine	142-149	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	104-108
23280877-0	2013	Renal uptake of substrates for organic anion transporters Oat1 and Oat3 and organic cation transporters Oct1 and Oct2 is altered in rats with adenine-induced chronic renal failure.	Adenine	142-149	POU class 2 homeobox 2	Rattus norvegicus	113-117
23280877-0	2013	Renal uptake of substrates for organic anion transporters Oat1 and Oat3 and organic cation transporters Oct1 and Oct2 is altered in rats with adenine-induced chronic renal failure.	Adenine	142-149	solute carrier family 22 member 6	Rattus norvegicus	58-62
23280877-0	2013	Renal uptake of substrates for organic anion transporters Oat1 and Oat3 and organic cation transporters Oct1 and Oct2 is altered in rats with adenine-induced chronic renal failure.	Adenine	142-149	solute carrier family 22 member 8	Rattus norvegicus	67-71
23280877-6	2013	Protein and mRNA expression levels of Oat1, Oat 3, Oct1, and Oct2 were significantly decreased in adenine-induced CRF rats.	Adenine	98-105	solute carrier family 22 member 6	Rattus norvegicus	38-42
23280877-6	2013	Protein and mRNA expression levels of Oat1, Oat 3, Oct1, and Oct2 were significantly decreased in adenine-induced CRF rats.	Adenine	98-105	solute carrier family 22 member 8	Rattus norvegicus	44-49
23280877-6	2013	Protein and mRNA expression levels of Oat1, Oat 3, Oct1, and Oct2 were significantly decreased in adenine-induced CRF rats.	Adenine	98-105	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-55
23280877-6	2013	Protein and mRNA expression levels of Oat1, Oat 3, Oct1, and Oct2 were significantly decreased in adenine-induced CRF rats.	Adenine	98-105	POU class 2 homeobox 2	Rattus norvegicus	61-65
23280877-7	2013	On the contrary, levels of P-glycoprotein and Mdr1b mRNA were significantly increased in adenine-induced CRF rats.	Adenine	89-96	ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	46-51
23280877-11	2013	In conclusion, our results indicate that adenine-induced CRF affects renal tubular handling of drugs, especially substrates of Oat1, Oat3, Oct1, and Oct2.	Adenine	41-48	solute carrier family 22 member 6	Rattus norvegicus	127-131
23280877-11	2013	In conclusion, our results indicate that adenine-induced CRF affects renal tubular handling of drugs, especially substrates of Oat1, Oat3, Oct1, and Oct2.	Adenine	41-48	solute carrier family 22 member 8	Rattus norvegicus	133-137
23280877-11	2013	In conclusion, our results indicate that adenine-induced CRF affects renal tubular handling of drugs, especially substrates of Oat1, Oat3, Oct1, and Oct2.	Adenine	41-48	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	139-143
23280877-11	2013	In conclusion, our results indicate that adenine-induced CRF affects renal tubular handling of drugs, especially substrates of Oat1, Oat3, Oct1, and Oct2.	Adenine	41-48	POU class 2 homeobox 2	Rattus norvegicus	149-153
23206230-4	2013	Characteristic Raman signals of aqueous solutions of adenine could be detected down to 0.1 muM by the use of single sensor particles.	Adenine	53-60	latexin	Homo sapiens	91-94
23227912-0	2013	Intrarenal metabolomic investigation of chronic kidney disease and its TGF-beta1 mechanism in induced-adenine rats using UPLC Q-TOF/HSMS/MS(E).	Adenine	102-109	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-80
23507534-2	2013	In particular removal of adenine from A:8-oxodG mispairs by MUTYH activity is followed by error-free base excision repair (BER) events, leading to the formation of C:8-oxodG base pairs.	Adenine	25-32	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	60-65
23360637-4	2013	A single adenine insertion (insA) was detected at codon 693 that leads to a predicted premature stop codon at codon 736 in the GAA gene.	Adenine	9-16	alpha glucosidase	Homo sapiens	127-130
23265901-1	2013	We report the discovery of novel series of highly potent TLR7 agonists based on 8-oxoadenines, 1 and 2 by introducing and optimizing various tertiary amines onto the N(9)-position of the adenine moiety.	Adenine	85-92	toll-like receptor 7	Mus musculus	57-61
22982239-1	2012	The A chain of the plant toxin ricin (RTA) is an N-glycosidase that inhibits protein synthesis by removing a specific adenine from the 28S rRNA.	Adenine	118-125	MAS related GPR family member F	Homo sapiens	38-41
22938848-4	2013	Sequencing of the gelsolin gene revealed a previously undescribed sequence variant, a guanine to adenine substitution at nucleotide 580 of the coding sequence, corresponding to a predicted glycine to arginine mutation at amino acid 194.	Adenine	97-104	gelsolin	Homo sapiens	18-26
23469136-8	2013	The results are consistent with a cation-pi interaction between the adenine of AdA and a conserved arginine within the IBC alpha-domain contributing to closure of the IBC.	Adenine	68-75	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	79-82
22859732-3	2012	Oxt1 harbors a mutation that arises from the altered expression of a gene encoding adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APT1), an enzyme that converts adenine to adenosine monophosphate (AMP), indicating a link between purine metabolism, whole-plant growth responses, and stress acclimation.	Adenine	83-90	adenine phosphoribosyl transferase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	118-122
23090398-3	2012	This study presents the first crystal structure of an RIP from a cereal crop, barley, in free, AMP-bound and adenine-bound states.	Adenine	109-116	Protein synthesis inhibitor II	Hordeum vulgare	54-57
22851616-1	2012	We have suggested that adenine-related compounds are allosteric inhibitors of UGT in rat liver microsomes (RLM) treated with detergent.	Adenine	23-30	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A complex locus	Homo sapiens	78-81
20401697-5	2012	Analysis of the AVP gene revealed a novel mutation G54E that changes a normal glycine to glutamic acid, caused by a guanine to adenine change at nucleotide g.1537 (exon 2) of the AVP gene.	Adenine	127-134	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	16-19
20401697-5	2012	Analysis of the AVP gene revealed a novel mutation G54E that changes a normal glycine to glutamic acid, caused by a guanine to adenine change at nucleotide g.1537 (exon 2) of the AVP gene.	Adenine	127-134	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	179-182
22990115-2	2012	This study planned to investigate whether the hypoxia-regulated system of Epo expression, constructed by fusing Epo gene to the chimeric phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) hypoxia response elements (HRE) in combination with cytomegalovirus immediate- early (CMV IE) basal gene promoter and delivered by plasmid intramuscular injection, might provide a long-term physiologically regulated Epo secretion expression to correct the anemia in adenine-induced uremic rats.	Adenine	433-440	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	74-77
22990115-9	2012	Hypoxia-regulated system of Epo gene expression constructed by fusing Epo to the HRE/CMV promoter and delivered by plasmid intramuscular injection may provide a long-term and stable Epo expression and secretion in vivo to correct the anemia in adenine-induced uremic rats.	Adenine	244-251	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
22990115-9	2012	Hypoxia-regulated system of Epo gene expression constructed by fusing Epo to the HRE/CMV promoter and delivered by plasmid intramuscular injection may provide a long-term and stable Epo expression and secretion in vivo to correct the anemia in adenine-induced uremic rats.	Adenine	244-251	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	70-73
22990115-9	2012	Hypoxia-regulated system of Epo gene expression constructed by fusing Epo to the HRE/CMV promoter and delivered by plasmid intramuscular injection may provide a long-term and stable Epo expression and secretion in vivo to correct the anemia in adenine-induced uremic rats.	Adenine	244-251	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	70-73
22926731-2	2012	MUTYH removes adenine misincorporated opposite the DNA oxidation product, 8-oxoguanine (OG), thereby preventing accumulation of G:C to T:A transversion mutations.	Adenine	14-21	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	0-5
22926731-3	2012	The most common cancer-associated MUTYH variant proteins when expressed in bacteria exhibit reduced OG:A mismatch affinity and adenine removal activity.	Adenine	127-134	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	34-39
22791815-0	2012	Chromium (VI) induces both bulky DNA adducts and oxidative DNA damage at adenines and guanines in the p53 gene of human lung cells.	Adenine	73-81	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	102-105
22791815-2	2012	However, both adenine (A) and guanine (G) mutations are found in the p53 gene in Cr exposure-related lung cancer.	Adenine	14-21	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	69-72
23040436-1	2012	UNLABELLED: The majority of peripheral T-cell lymphomas were found to lack methylthioadenosine phosphorylase, an enzyme that is essential for the salvage of adenine from methylthioadenosine, a product of polyamine synthesis.	Adenine	157-164	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	75-108
23040436-5	2012	MTAP-deficient cells cannot cleave endogenous methylthioadenosine to adenine and 5-methylthioribose-1-phosphate, a precursor of methionine, and as a result have enhanced sensitivity to inhibitors of de novo purine biosynthesis.	Adenine	69-76	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	0-4
22825330-6	2012	Addition of adenine protected both MTAP (+)  and MTAP (-)  cells from 6TG and 5FU, consistent with the idea that adenine produced from the MTAP reaction competes with 6TG and 5FU for a rate limiting pool of phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP), which is required for the conversion of purine and uracil bases into nucleotides.	Adenine	12-19	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	35-39
23054472-4	2012	Recently, we reported that BPC1 binds to guanine and adenine (GA)-rich consensus sequences in the seedstick (STK) promoter in vitro and induces conformational changes.	Adenine	53-60	basic pentacysteine1	Arabidopsis thaliana	27-31
22859851-3	2012	Here, we used adenine to induce uremia in both Npt2b-deficient and wild-type mice.	Adenine	14-21	solute carrier family 34 (sodium phosphate), member 2	Mus musculus	47-52
23076196-5	2012	Aquaporin-1 mRNA expression in the spleen and kidney were down-regulated after adenine treatment.	Adenine	79-86	aquaporin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-11
23076196-7	2012	Adenine resulted in increased aquaporin-1 protein expression in the lung, spleen and kidney of the rats, while cistanche intervention lowered its expression in lung and kidney tissues.	Adenine	0-7	aquaporin 1	Rattus norvegicus	30-41
22825330-1	2012	Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP), a key enzyme in the catabolism of 5"-deoxy-5"-methylthioadenosine (MTA), catalyzes the formation of adenine and 5-methylthioribose-1-phosphate.	Adenine	142-149	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	35-39
22825330-6	2012	Addition of adenine protected both MTAP (+)  and MTAP (-)  cells from 6TG and 5FU, consistent with the idea that adenine produced from the MTAP reaction competes with 6TG and 5FU for a rate limiting pool of phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP), which is required for the conversion of purine and uracil bases into nucleotides.	Adenine	12-19	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	49-53
22825330-6	2012	Addition of adenine protected both MTAP (+)  and MTAP (-)  cells from 6TG and 5FU, consistent with the idea that adenine produced from the MTAP reaction competes with 6TG and 5FU for a rate limiting pool of phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP), which is required for the conversion of purine and uracil bases into nucleotides.	Adenine	12-19	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	49-53
22825330-6	2012	Addition of adenine protected both MTAP (+)  and MTAP (-)  cells from 6TG and 5FU, consistent with the idea that adenine produced from the MTAP reaction competes with 6TG and 5FU for a rate limiting pool of phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP), which is required for the conversion of purine and uracil bases into nucleotides.	Adenine	113-120	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	35-39
22825330-6	2012	Addition of adenine protected both MTAP (+)  and MTAP (-)  cells from 6TG and 5FU, consistent with the idea that adenine produced from the MTAP reaction competes with 6TG and 5FU for a rate limiting pool of phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP), which is required for the conversion of purine and uracil bases into nucleotides.	Adenine	113-120	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	49-53
22825330-6	2012	Addition of adenine protected both MTAP (+)  and MTAP (-)  cells from 6TG and 5FU, consistent with the idea that adenine produced from the MTAP reaction competes with 6TG and 5FU for a rate limiting pool of phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP), which is required for the conversion of purine and uracil bases into nucleotides.	Adenine	113-120	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	49-53
22510062-10	2012	Finally, we show that the adenine moiety of ATP is sufficient for interaction with SWI2/SNF2 proteins.	Adenine	26-33	SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 4	Homo sapiens	83-87
22647630-9	2012	SLC2A9 mediated the uptake of adenine in addition to urate, but did not function as a generalized nucleobase transporter.	Adenine	30-37	solute carrier family 2 member 9	Homo sapiens	0-6
22641385-1	2012	The base excision repair gene MUTYH encodes glycosylase which removes adenine             residues mispaired with 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2"-deoxyguanosine (8-OHG).	Adenine	70-77	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	30-35
22927831-5	2012	That plasticity obscured a requirement for Cdk2 activity in proliferation of human cells, which we uncovered by replacement of wild-type Cdk2 with a mutant version sensitized to inhibition by bulky adenine analogs.	Adenine	198-205	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	43-47
22927831-5	2012	That plasticity obscured a requirement for Cdk2 activity in proliferation of human cells, which we uncovered by replacement of wild-type Cdk2 with a mutant version sensitized to inhibition by bulky adenine analogs.	Adenine	198-205	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	137-141
22689570-4	2012	Molecular modeling, based on the structural coordinates of the homologous ClC-5 and CmClC proteins and in silico docking, suggest that NAD(+) binds with the adenine base deep in a cleft formed by ClC-1 intracellular cystathionine beta-synthase domains, and the nicotinamide base interacts with the membrane-embedded channel domain.	Adenine	157-164	chloride voltage-gated channel 5	Homo sapiens	74-79
22689570-4	2012	Molecular modeling, based on the structural coordinates of the homologous ClC-5 and CmClC proteins and in silico docking, suggest that NAD(+) binds with the adenine base deep in a cleft formed by ClC-1 intracellular cystathionine beta-synthase domains, and the nicotinamide base interacts with the membrane-embedded channel domain.	Adenine	157-164	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	196-201
22689570-4	2012	Molecular modeling, based on the structural coordinates of the homologous ClC-5 and CmClC proteins and in silico docking, suggest that NAD(+) binds with the adenine base deep in a cleft formed by ClC-1 intracellular cystathionine beta-synthase domains, and the nicotinamide base interacts with the membrane-embedded channel domain.	Adenine	157-164	cystathionine beta-synthase	Homo sapiens	216-243
22798709-7	2012	In addition, the activatory phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase at serine 1177 and Akt at serine 473 in the aorta were inhibited by in adenine-induced kidney disease rats.	Adenine	152-159	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	100-103
22583379-2	2012	SCD results from a monogenic (Hemoglobin, beta) point-mutation (substitution of the base Adenine with Thymine at position six) that leads to replacement of the amino acid glutamic acid (E) with valine (V).	Adenine	89-96	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	0-3
22583379-2	2012	SCD results from a monogenic (Hemoglobin, beta) point-mutation (substitution of the base Adenine with Thymine at position six) that leads to replacement of the amino acid glutamic acid (E) with valine (V).	Adenine	89-96	hemoglobin subunit beta	Homo sapiens	30-46
22661993-1	2012	INTRODUCTION: An adenine insertion polymorphism in the 5" untranslated region of the endothelin-1 gene is functional and increases the expression of endothelin mRNA and protein in the insertion homozygote.	Adenine	17-24	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	85-97
22661993-9	2012	CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the functional adenine insertion polymorphism in the endothelin-1 gene is not associated with either hypertension or orthostatic hypotension risk in Chinese.	Adenine	46-53	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	84-96
22573344-10	2012	Adenine was also shown to up-regulate alpha-SMA and collagen 1, and this effect is lost by using specific si-RNA for the adenine receptor.	Adenine	0-7	MAS related GPR family member X3	Rattus norvegicus	121-137
22573344-11	2012	Finally, adenine inhibits endothelin-1-induced gel contraction.	Adenine	9-16	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-38
22573344-13	2012	Adenine, via the adenine receptor, induces morphological change, and cytosolic calcium signaling, inhibits chemotaxis, and up-regulates collagen 1 mRNA in HSCs.	Adenine	0-7	MAS related GPR family member X3	Rattus norvegicus	17-33
22782629-3	2012	An adenine (A) to guanine (G) single nucleotide polymorphism at  position 61 in the 5"-untranslated region (5"-UTR) of the EGF gene has  been found to be associated with levels of EGF production, and the mutations in  the NAT2 gene have been postulated as a risk factor for cancer.	Adenine	3-10	N-acetyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	222-226
22793528-5	2012	In the absence of the Ade target, the binding of the labeled aptamers to SSB governed a very high fluorescence anisotropy increase (in the 0.130-0.200 range) as the consequence of (i) the large global diffusion difference between the free and SSB-bound tracers and (ii) the restricted movement of the dye in the SSB-bound state.	Adenine	22-25	single-stranded DNA-binding protein	Escherichia coli	73-76
22679022-10	2012	Klf4 was also induced markedly in the calcified aorta of adenine-induced uremic rats.	Adenine	57-64	Kruppel like factor 4	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
22510062-10	2012	Finally, we show that the adenine moiety of ATP is sufficient for interaction with SWI2/SNF2 proteins.	Adenine	26-33	SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 4	Homo sapiens	88-92
24130920-7	2012	Multiple Abeta-degrading enzymes (ADE) implicated in the clearance process have been identified, which include neprilysin, insulin-degrading enzyme, matrix metalloproteinase-9, glutamate carboxypeptidase II and others.	Adenine	34-37	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	9-14
22616996-4	2012	Both in planta and heterologous expression studies in yeast revealed a unique solute transport profile for AtNCS1 in moving adenine, guanine and uracil.	Adenine	124-131	permease, cytosine/purines, uracil, thiamine, allantoin family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	107-113
22616996-5	2012	This is in stark contrast to the canonical transport profiles determined for the well-characterized S. cerevisiae NCS1 proteins FUR4 (uracil transport) or FCY2 (adenine, guanine, and cytosine transport).	Adenine	161-168	permease, cytosine/purines, uracil, thiamine, allantoin family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	114-118
22616996-5	2012	This is in stark contrast to the canonical transport profiles determined for the well-characterized S. cerevisiae NCS1 proteins FUR4 (uracil transport) or FCY2 (adenine, guanine, and cytosine transport).	Adenine	161-168	uracil permease	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	128-132
22616996-5	2012	This is in stark contrast to the canonical transport profiles determined for the well-characterized S. cerevisiae NCS1 proteins FUR4 (uracil transport) or FCY2 (adenine, guanine, and cytosine transport).	Adenine	161-168	purine-cytosine permease	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	155-159
22890268-2	2012	Although AS-3 is based on a saline-adenine-glucose solution, it also contains citrate and phosphate.	Adenine	35-43	PDS5 cohesin associated factor B	Homo sapiens	9-13
24130920-7	2012	Multiple Abeta-degrading enzymes (ADE) implicated in the clearance process have been identified, which include neprilysin, insulin-degrading enzyme, matrix metalloproteinase-9, glutamate carboxypeptidase II and others.	Adenine	34-37	membrane metalloendopeptidase	Homo sapiens	111-121
24130920-7	2012	Multiple Abeta-degrading enzymes (ADE) implicated in the clearance process have been identified, which include neprilysin, insulin-degrading enzyme, matrix metalloproteinase-9, glutamate carboxypeptidase II and others.	Adenine	34-37	folate hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	177-206
22348612-5	2012	TSPO is closely associated with the 32 kDa voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) and the 30 kDa adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT), considered to form the core of a mitochondria multiprotein complex [named the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP)] and plays a role in apoptotic cell death.	Adenine	97-104	translocator protein	Homo sapiens	0-4
22348612-5	2012	TSPO is closely associated with the 32 kDa voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) and the 30 kDa adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT), considered to form the core of a mitochondria multiprotein complex [named the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP)] and plays a role in apoptotic cell death.	Adenine	97-104	solute carrier family 25 member 6	Homo sapiens	129-132
22464254-5	2012	MTAP is a ubiquitously expressed homotrimeric-subunit enzyme critical to polyamine metabolism and adenine and methionine salvage pathways and was believed to be encoded as a single transcript from the eight previously described exons.	Adenine	98-105	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	0-4
22469746-4	2012	The DNA glycosylases encoded by the hOGG1 and MUTYH genes initiate this pathway by recognizing and removing 8-oxoguanine and adenine paired with 8-oxoguanine, respectively.	Adenine	125-132	8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	36-41
22469746-4	2012	The DNA glycosylases encoded by the hOGG1 and MUTYH genes initiate this pathway by recognizing and removing 8-oxoguanine and adenine paired with 8-oxoguanine, respectively.	Adenine	125-132	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	46-51
21870199-6	2012	The conserved hydrophobic adenine region of PI3Kalpha made up of Ile800, Ile848, Val850, Val851, Met922, Phe930, and Ile932 accommodates the flat 6-bromine imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine ring of PIK75.	Adenine	26-33	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	44-53
22393035-8	2012	The transloop base pair is capped by an AUA triloop that possesses an extremely well packed structure very similar to that of the AUA triloop of SLC, including the formation of a so-called clamped-adenine motif.	Adenine	197-204	C-C motif chemokine ligand 21	Homo sapiens	145-148
22411110-1	2012	Several possible mechanisms underlying isoguanine formation when OH radical attacks the C(2) position of adenine (A C 2) are investigated theoretically for the first time.	Adenine	105-112	adenylate cyclase 2	Homo sapiens	114-119
22497256-3	2012	The adenine analogue 14 exhibits moderate in vitro anti-HIV-1 activity (EC50 = 12.6 muM).	Adenine	4-11	latexin	Homo sapiens	84-87
22613645-0	2012	Association of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase p22phox gene 549C&gt;T polymorphism with coronary artery disease.	Adenine	28-35	cytochrome b-245 alpha chain	Homo sapiens	67-74
22444586-1	2012	MutY and its human ortholog, MUTYH, repair a specific form of DNA damage: adenine mis-paired with the oxidatively modified form of deoxyguanosine, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2"-deoxyguanosine.	Adenine	74-81	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	29-34
22320834-4	2012	Examples of individuals who lacked the KIR2DL4 gene and others whose KIR2DL4 allele appeared to have 11 adenines in the polyadenine tract in exon 6 were identified.	Adenine	104-112	killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor, two Ig domains and long cytoplasmic tail 4	Homo sapiens	69-76
22326538-3	2012	The single nucleotide polymorphism NINJ1, is the result of a transversion of an adenine to a nucleotide polymorphic cytokine (A C), responsible for an amino acid exchange of asparagine to alanine at position 110 of the protein (asp110ala).	Adenine	80-87	ninjurin 1	Homo sapiens	35-40
22140116-4	2012	Unique interactions were found for the recognition of the target sequence by Msi1 RBD1: adenine is sandwiched by two phenylalanines and guanine is stacked on the tryptophan in the loop between beta1 and alpha1.	Adenine	88-95	musashi RNA binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	77-81
22140116-4	2012	Unique interactions were found for the recognition of the target sequence by Msi1 RBD1: adenine is sandwiched by two phenylalanines and guanine is stacked on the tryptophan in the loop between beta1 and alpha1.	Adenine	88-95	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 1	Homo sapiens	193-209
22378652-8	2012	The adenine ring, wedged between beta1 and beta13, acts as a fulcrum for the beta14 lever, turning a modest closure around the triphosphate group into significant opening of the pre-TM2 loop.	Adenine	4-11	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 1	Homo sapiens	33-49
21971529-5	2012	Codons containing more adenines, irrespective of being common or rare, (AAA, ATA and AGA) promoted a higher synthesis of beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) in comparison with those rich in guanines (GGG and AGG) in a wild type transcription-translation system.	Adenine	23-31	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	121-139
22238346-3	2012	Leishmania donovani AAH is 38 and 23% identical to Saccharomyces cerevisiae AAH and human adenosine deaminase enzymes, respectively, catalyzes adenine deamination to hypoxanthine with an apparent K(m) of 15.4 muM, and does not recognize adenosine as a substrate.	Adenine	143-150	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	90-109
21971529-5	2012	Codons containing more adenines, irrespective of being common or rare, (AAA, ATA and AGA) promoted a higher synthesis of beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) in comparison with those rich in guanines (GGG and AGG) in a wild type transcription-translation system.	Adenine	23-31	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	121-129
22197487-1	2012	By using whole-exome sequencing, we identified a homozygous guanine-to-adenine transition at the invariant -1 position of the acceptor site of intron 1 (c.97-1G&gt;A) in solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1 (SLCO2A1), which encodes a prostaglandin transporter protein, as the causative mutation in a single individual with primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (PHO) from a consanguineous family.	Adenine	71-78	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1	Homo sapiens	170-228
22011879-6	2012	The adsorption of adenine on ZSM-5 zeolite was higher than that of thymine (Student-Newman-Keuls test-SNK p&lt;0.05).	Adenine	18-25	polo like kinase 2	Homo sapiens	102-105
22806868-4	2012	Under optimized conditions, 30 mM adenine was converted to 29 mM dAR in 1 h, and 32 mM 5-MU was obtained from 60 mM thymine, using 6% (v/v) cell solutions as biocatalysts.	Adenine	34-41	Allatostatin A receptor 2	Drosophila melanogaster	65-68
22113086-5	2012	In a second set of experiments, we tested CRHR1 antagonists in the ADE model.	Adenine	67-70	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1	Mus musculus	42-47
22197487-1	2012	By using whole-exome sequencing, we identified a homozygous guanine-to-adenine transition at the invariant -1 position of the acceptor site of intron 1 (c.97-1G&gt;A) in solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1 (SLCO2A1), which encodes a prostaglandin transporter protein, as the causative mutation in a single individual with primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (PHO) from a consanguineous family.	Adenine	71-78	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1	Homo sapiens	230-237
22084399-6	2012	The xanthone moiety in norathyriol acted as an adenine mimetic to anchor the compound by hydrogen bonds to the hinge region of the protein ATP-binding site on ERK2.	Adenine	47-54	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	159-163
22178760-2	2012	When in the template base position during DNA synthesis the 8-oxoG lesion has dual coding potential by virtue of its anti- and syn-conformations, base pairing with cytosine and adenine, respectively.	Adenine	177-184	synemin	Homo sapiens	46-49
22916221-7	2012	This mutation is a substitution of tyrosine for adenine which leads to a premature stop codon at position 269 (p.Y269X) of GPR143.	Adenine	48-55	G protein-coupled receptor 143	Homo sapiens	123-129
22645618-9	2012	Substitution of guanine for adenine at nucleotide 20210 in the coding region of the prothrombin gene is the second most common primary thrombophilia.	Adenine	28-35	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	84-95
22773905-2	2012	METHODS: The mutant human ND4 gene with a guanine to adenine transition at position 11778 with an attached FLAG epitope under control of the mitochondrial heavy strand promoter (HSP) was inserted into a modified self-complementary (sc) adeno-associated virus (AAV) backbone.	Adenine	53-60	mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 4	Homo sapiens	26-29
23067124-4	2012	The adenine analogue 19 exhibits moderate in vitro anti-HIV-1 activity (EC(50) = 10.2 muM).	Adenine	4-11	latexin	Homo sapiens	86-89
22876325-2	2012	This lesion can erroneously pair with adenine, and the excision of this damaged base by Ogg1 enables the insertion of a guanine and prevents DNA mutation.	Adenine	38-45	8-oxoguanine glycosylase OGG1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	88-92
22952612-4	2012	A dominant variant, DS1C/A, containing an adenine-to-guanine substitution and a linked cytosine-to-adenine substitution in the downstream (DS1) C/EBP site, was detected in the spleen at 10 days p.i.	Adenine	42-49	mitochondrial ribosomal protein L58	Homo sapiens	20-23
22952612-4	2012	A dominant variant, DS1C/A, containing an adenine-to-guanine substitution and a linked cytosine-to-adenine substitution in the downstream (DS1) C/EBP site, was detected in the spleen at 10 days p.i.	Adenine	99-106	mitochondrial ribosomal protein L58	Homo sapiens	20-23
21816756-12	2011	Npt2b(+/+) mice with adenine-induced renal failure had hyperphosphatemia and high plasma creatinine levels.	Adenine	21-28	solute carrier family 34 (sodium phosphate), member 2	Mus musculus	0-5
21635362-3	2011	The sensitivity of proliferating T cells to an adenine analogue, whose cytotoxicity is dependent on APRT, showed that he was homozygous or compound heterozygous for the APRT gene mutation.	Adenine	47-54	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	100-104
21635362-3	2011	The sensitivity of proliferating T cells to an adenine analogue, whose cytotoxicity is dependent on APRT, showed that he was homozygous or compound heterozygous for the APRT gene mutation.	Adenine	47-54	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	169-173
22102254-1	2011	In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, TRM6 and TRM61 compose a tRNA methyltransferase which catalyzes the methylation of the N1 of adenine at position 58 in tRNAs, especially initiator methionine tRNA.	Adenine	122-129	tRNA 1-methyladenosine methyltransferase subunit GCD10	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	29-33
22102254-1	2011	In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, TRM6 and TRM61 compose a tRNA methyltransferase which catalyzes the methylation of the N1 of adenine at position 58 in tRNAs, especially initiator methionine tRNA.	Adenine	122-129	tRNA 1-methyladenosine methyltransferase subunit GCD14	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	38-43
22905264-6	2012	In multivariable analyses, low current CD4 count after starting cART was the strongest predictor of death and of new ADE.	Adenine	117-120	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	39-42
22951689-7	2012	Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the GJB2 gene revealed the substitution of guanine-148 by adenine that led to D50N amino acid substitution.	Adenine	97-104	gap junction protein beta 2	Homo sapiens	43-47
22863493-3	2011	Approximately half of these papillary carcinomas harbor a thymine-to-adenine transversion (T1799A) point mutation, in the gene encoding the serine/threonine-kinase B-type Raf kinase (BRAF), with substitution of valine by glutamate (V600E).	Adenine	69-76	B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	183-187
21360171-2	2011	The accurate quantum-chemical computations based on the density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation method (MP2) have been performed for the first time to study interactions of trans-resveratrol with guanine-thymine dinucleotide and DNA-derived nitrogenous bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine in vacuum and water medium.	Adenine	307-314	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	151-154
21648440-1	2011	The MP2/6-31G*(0.25) pi-pi or pi(+)-pi T-shaped (edge-to-face) interactions between neutral or protonated histidine and adenine were considered using computational models of varying size to determine the effects of the protein and DNA backbones on the preferred dimer structure and binding strength.	Adenine	120-127	major intrinsic protein of lens fiber	Homo sapiens	4-9
21816756-13	2011	Npt2b(+/-) mice treated with adenine had significantly reduced plasma P(i) levels compared with Npt2b(+/+) mice.	Adenine	29-36	solute carrier family 34 (sodium phosphate), member 2	Mus musculus	0-5
21913997-9	2011	Furthermore, the combination of rs3091307 GG/ rs2265753 GG (IL-13/IL-13Ralpha1) conveyed a significantly higher risk for developing ADe.	Adenine	132-135	interleukin 13	Homo sapiens	60-65
21826668-1	2011	The MUTYH gene encodes a DNA glycosylase that can initiate the excision repair of adenine mispaired with 8-hydroxyguanine (8OHG) and is responsible for a susceptibility to multiple colorectal adenomas and carcinomas.	Adenine	82-89	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	4-9
21826668-8	2011	MUTYH-over-expressing stable clones of the gastric cancer cell line AGS showed: (a) higher DNA cleavage activity towards adenine:8OHG mispair-containing substrates; (b) higher suppressive activity against mutations caused by 8OHG in a supF forward mutation assay; and (c) higher suppressive activity for cellular proliferation than empty vector-transfected AGS clones.	Adenine	121-128	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	0-5
22006310-5	2011	NUP1 expressed in yeast cells preferentially transported nicotine relative to other pyridine alkaloids, tropane alkaloids, kinetin, and adenine.	Adenine	136-143	FG-nucleoporin NUP1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-4
21553389-3	2011	APRT normally catalyzes the conversion of adenine to adenosine monophosphate and its deficiency results in 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (2,8-DHA) accumulation.	Adenine	42-49	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-4
21877721-8	2011	Finally, our work shows that the natural base adenine (A) is further inserted into the AAG active site than the damaged substrates, which results in the loss of a hydrogen bond with Y127 and misaligns the general base (E125) and water nucleophile to lead to poor nucleophile activation.	Adenine	46-53	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	87-90
21882876-8	2011	This clear correlation is presented for three model RNAs of biological significance: the SAM-II, adenine (addA), and preQ(1) class II (preQ(1)cII) riboswitches.	Adenine	97-104	adducin 1	Homo sapiens	106-110
21741123-2	2011	Our study aims to analyze cytosine, adenine, guanine (CAG)n expansions in the ATXN2 gene among Chinese patients with SALS.	Adenine	36-43	ataxin 2	Homo sapiens	78-83
21659357-1	2011	BACKGROUND: The alleles of the Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) polymorphism rs16754 harbor adenine (A) or guanine (G).	Adenine	79-86	WT1 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	31-44
21659357-1	2011	BACKGROUND: The alleles of the Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) polymorphism rs16754 harbor adenine (A) or guanine (G).	Adenine	79-86	WT1 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	46-49
21875158-5	2011	The results show that the correct paring of the ligand adenine with the nucleotide U74 in the binding pocket is crucial to stabilizing the conformations of the ligand-bound aptamer, especially the helix P1 connecting the expression platform.	Adenine	55-62	small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 74	Homo sapiens	83-86
21795683-7	2011	In the present investigation, we have used the enhanced Xenopus oocyte expression vector pGEMHE to demonstrate that hENT1 additionally transports thymine and adenine and, to a lesser extent, uracil and guanine.	Adenine	158-165	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	116-121
21795683-8	2011	Fluxes of hypoxanthine, thymine, and adenine by hENT1 were saturable and inhibited by NBMPR.	Adenine	37-44	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	48-53
21795683-9	2011	Ratios of V(max) (pmol/oocyte   min(-1)):K(m) (mm), a measure of transport efficiency, were 86, 177, and 120 for hypoxantine, thymine, and adenine, respectively, compared with 265 for uridine.	Adenine	139-146	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	32-38
21735511-4	2011	We also investigate the SERS spectrum of adenine at the junction between two Ag(20) clusters and demonstrate that adenine can bind to the clusters through N3 and the external amino group, while dAMP can be adsorbed on the cluster in an end-on orientation with the ribose and phosphate groups near to or away from the silver cluster.	Adenine	41-48	Amphiphysin	Drosophila melanogaster	194-198
21735511-5	2011	In contrast to the adenine-Ag(20) complexes, the dAMP-Ag(20) complexes produce new and strong bands in the low- or high-wavenumber region of the Raman spectra, due to vibrations of the ribose and phosphate groups.	Adenine	19-26	Amphiphysin	Drosophila melanogaster	49-53
21602268-0	2011	Adenine and guanine recognition of stop codon is mediated by different N domain conformations of translation termination factor eRF1.	Adenine	0-7	eukaryotic translation termination factor 1	Homo sapiens	128-132
21858804-3	2011	One SNP (reference SNP [rs] 769236, +1 guanine to adenine [G A]) at the promoter region of cyclin A2 (CCNA2) also was analyzed in 1989 cancers (300 breast cancers, 450 colorectal cancers, 450 gastric cancers, 367 hepatocellular carcinomas, and 422 lung cancers) and in 1096 controls.	Adenine	50-57	cyclin A2	Mus musculus	91-100
21602268-6	2011	Molecular modeling of eRF1 in the 80S termination complex showed that eRF1 fragments neighboring guanines and adenines of stop signals are compatible with different N domain conformations of eRF1.	Adenine	110-118	eukaryotic translation termination factor 1	Homo sapiens	22-26
21689667-8	2011	The majority (96%) of stable adducts induced by BP were at guanine, whereas the majority (80%) induced by DBP were at adenine.	Adenine	118-125	D-box binding PAR bZIP transcription factor	Homo sapiens	106-109
21689667-10	2011	Most importantly, the proportion of mutations induced by DBP at adenine and guanine paralleled the proportion of stable DNA adducts induced by DBP at adenine and guanine; however, this was not the case for BP.	Adenine	64-71	D-box binding PAR bZIP transcription factor	Homo sapiens	57-60
21689667-10	2011	Most importantly, the proportion of mutations induced by DBP at adenine and guanine paralleled the proportion of stable DNA adducts induced by DBP at adenine and guanine; however, this was not the case for BP.	Adenine	150-157	D-box binding PAR bZIP transcription factor	Homo sapiens	143-146
21602268-1	2011	Positioning of release factor eRF1 toward adenines and the ribose-phosphate backbone of the UAAA stop signal in the ribosomal decoding site was studied using messenger RNA (mRNA) analogs containing stop signal UAA/UAAA and a photoactivatable cross-linker at definite locations.	Adenine	42-50	eukaryotic translation termination factor 1	Homo sapiens	30-34
21602268-3	2011	Cross-linkers on the adenines at the 2nd, 3rd or 4th position modified eRF1 near the conserved YxCxxxF loop (positions 125-131 in the N domain), but cross-linker at the 4th position mainly modified the tripeptide 26-AAR-28.	Adenine	21-29	eukaryotic translation termination factor 1	Homo sapiens	71-75
21602268-5	2011	A comparison of the results with those obtained earlier with mRNA analogs bearing a similar cross-linker at the guanines indicates that positioning of eRF1 toward adenines and guanines of stop signals in the 80S termination complex is different.	Adenine	163-171	eukaryotic translation termination factor 1	Homo sapiens	151-155
21710971-0	2011	Pa0148 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa catalyzes the deamination of adenine.	Adenine	64-71	adenosine deaminase	Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1	0-6
21710971-7	2011	Structures of Pa0148 with adenine, 6-chloropurine, and hypoxanthine were also determined, thereby permitting identification of the residues responsible for coordinating the substrate and product.	Adenine	26-33	adenosine deaminase	Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1	14-20
21572102-2	2011	Here, we elucidate the role of PurR under exogenous adenine stimulation at the genome-scale using high-resolution chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-chip and gene expression data obtained under in vivo conditions.	Adenine	52-59	DNA-binding transcriptional repressor PurR	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655	31-35
21726770-5	2011	Regardless of the N-derivative of the IDA chelator, molecular recognition between H2AP and the referred Cu(II)-chelates only displays the formation of the Cu-N7(purine-like) bond what is clearly in contrast to what was previously reported for adenine.	Adenine	243-250	H2A clustered histone 11	Homo sapiens	82-86
21572425-2	2011	Here we have expanded the recognition of Pumilio and FBF homology protein (PUF) repeats beyond adenine, guanine and uracil and evolved them to specifically bind cytosine.	Adenine	95-102	NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2	Homo sapiens	75-78
21601332-2	2011	Sequencing of the CFH gene, which encodes complement factor H, revealed a heterozygous adenine to guanine mutation at nucleotide 3550 of the complementary DNA, leading to a predicted substitution of alanine for threonine at amino acid position 1184 in the protein (c.3550A&gt;G, p.Thr1184Ala).	Adenine	87-94	complement factor H	Homo sapiens	18-21
21601332-2	2011	Sequencing of the CFH gene, which encodes complement factor H, revealed a heterozygous adenine to guanine mutation at nucleotide 3550 of the complementary DNA, leading to a predicted substitution of alanine for threonine at amino acid position 1184 in the protein (c.3550A&gt;G, p.Thr1184Ala).	Adenine	87-94	complement factor H	Homo sapiens	53-61
22829167-7	2011	In patients treated with DA/ADE, 78% of Pgp-positive and 90% of Pgp-negative cases achieved CR (P=0.06).	Adenine	28-31	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	40-43
22829167-7	2011	In patients treated with DA/ADE, 78% of Pgp-positive and 90% of Pgp-negative cases achieved CR (P=0.06).	Adenine	28-31	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	64-67
21107991-0	2011	Contribution of an adenine to guanine single nucleotide polymorphism of the matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) -77 promoter region to the production of anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in patients with HLA-DRB1*shared epitope-negative rheumatoid arthritis.	Adenine	19-26	matrix metallopeptidase 13	Homo sapiens	76-103
21107991-0	2011	Contribution of an adenine to guanine single nucleotide polymorphism of the matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) -77 promoter region to the production of anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in patients with HLA-DRB1*shared epitope-negative rheumatoid arthritis.	Adenine	19-26	matrix metallopeptidase 13	Homo sapiens	105-111
21107991-0	2011	Contribution of an adenine to guanine single nucleotide polymorphism of the matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) -77 promoter region to the production of anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in patients with HLA-DRB1*shared epitope-negative rheumatoid arthritis.	Adenine	19-26	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	Homo sapiens	215-223
21107991-3	2011	Adenine (A) to guanine (G) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the -77 MMP-13 promoter region in RA and healthy controls was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique.	Adenine	0-7	matrix metallopeptidase 13	Homo sapiens	75-81
21538606-0	2011	Molecular recognition at the active site of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT): adenine replacements in bisubstrate inhibitors.	Adenine	81-88	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	44-72
21538606-0	2011	Molecular recognition at the active site of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT): adenine replacements in bisubstrate inhibitors.	Adenine	81-88	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	74-78
21538606-7	2011	Key interactions of the adenine moiety with COMT were measured with a radiochemical assay.	Adenine	24-31	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	44-48
21538606-8	2011	Several bisubstrate inhibitors, most notably the adenine replacements thiopyridine, purine, N-methyladenine, and 6-methylpurine, displayed nanomolar IC(50) values (median inhibitory concentration) for COMT down to 6 nM.	Adenine	49-56	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	201-205
21538606-9	2011	A series of six cocrystal structures of the bisubstrate inhibitors in ternary complexes with COMT and Mg(2+) confirm our predicted binding mode of the adenine replacements.	Adenine	151-158	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	93-97
21447599-5	2011	Consistent with decreased N-cadherin function, STHdh(Q111) striatal cells displayed profound deficits in calcium-dependent N-cadherin-mediated cell clustering and cell-substratum adhesion, and primary Hdh(Q111) striatal neuronal cells exhibited decreased N-cadherin and an abundance of immature neurites, featuring diffuse, rather than clustered, staining for N-cadherin and synaptic vesicle markers, which was partially rescued by adenine treatment.	Adenine	432-439	huntingtin	Mus musculus	49-52
21515092-6	2011	In this study, plasmid-based experiments demonstrate that ZRT1-mediated minisatellite alterations occur independently of chromosomal context or adenine auxotrophy, and confirmed the stationary phase timing of the events.	Adenine	144-151	high-affinity Zn(2+) transporter ZRT1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	58-62
21716375-1	2011	A novel SERS sensor for adenine molecules is fabricated electrochemically using an ordered two-dimensional array of self-aligned silver nanoparticles encapsulated by alumina.	Adenine	24-31	seryl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	8-12
21303649-5	2011	HCS docking sites in chromatin were identified by using the unique adenine methylation sites established by Dam in the fusion construct; docking sites were unambiguously identified using methylation-sensitive digestion, cloning, and sequencing.	Adenine	67-74	holocarboxylase synthetase	Homo sapiens	0-3
21394111-2	2011	E. coli PNP cleaves purine nucleoside analogs to generate toxic adenine analogs, which are activated by adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT) to metabolites that inhibit RNA and protein synthesis.	Adenine	64-71	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	140-144
21361309-2	2011	To distinguish these different modes of action, we have studied Mg2+ interactions with the adenine riboswitch, in which a set of tertiary interactions that forms around a purine-binding pocket is thermodynamically linked to the tertiary "docking" of two hairpin loops in another part of the molecule.	Adenine	91-98	mucin 7, secreted	Homo sapiens	64-67
21576418-4	2011	A common gene polymorphism described in the APOA1 promoter region consists of the exchange of guanine (G) for adenine (A) at a position -75 bp upstream of the transcription origin.	Adenine	110-117	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	44-49
21465630-1	2011	The growth of adenine on Au(111) from the submonolayer up to several microns film thickness is studied by combining STM and surface X-ray diffraction techniques.	Adenine	14-21	sulfotransferase family 1A member 3	Homo sapiens	116-119
21301207-2	2011	In cells that have MTAP, its natural substrate, methylthioadenosine (MTA), generated during polyamine biosynthesis, is cleaved to adenine and 5-methylthioribose-1-phosphate.	Adenine	130-137	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Mus musculus	19-23
21235684-2	2011	Adenine DNA glycosylase, encoded by the human mutY homolog gene, MUTYH, excises adenine in the nascent strand when inserted opposite 8-oxoguanine in template DNA, and thus suppresses mutagenesis caused by 8-oxoguanine that has accumulated in DNA due to oxidative stress.	Adenine	80-87	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	0-23
21235684-2	2011	Adenine DNA glycosylase, encoded by the human mutY homolog gene, MUTYH, excises adenine in the nascent strand when inserted opposite 8-oxoguanine in template DNA, and thus suppresses mutagenesis caused by 8-oxoguanine that has accumulated in DNA due to oxidative stress.	Adenine	80-87	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	65-70
21498151-11	2011	CONCLUSIONS: In this rigorously designed case-control study, lower CD4 cell counts and higher virus loads, not antiretroviral drug resistance, were strongly associated with ADE and mortality.	Adenine	173-176	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	67-70
21204706-2	2011	One single-nucleotide polymorphism at codon 655 indicates a guanine-to-adenine substitution (Ile655Val) in the transmembrane domain-coding region of the HER-2/neu gene reported to be associated with increased risk of breast cancer.	Adenine	71-78	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	153-162
21301207-5	2011	In MTAP-deficient cells, however, MTA is not cleaved and the salvage pathway for adenine and methionine is absent.	Adenine	81-88	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Mus musculus	3-7
21247091-1	2011	Adenine deaminase (ADE) catalyzes the conversion of adenine to hypoxanthine and ammonia.	Adenine	52-59	adenine deaminase	Agrobacterium tumefaciens	0-17
21279954-1	2011	MUTYH glycosylase recognizes the 8-oxoG:A mismatch and is able to excise the adenine base using proofreading mechanisms.	Adenine	77-84	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	0-5
21111003-8	2011	1.3-6.5% of guanines were mutated to adenine, most frequently in the GG dinucleotide context, the preferred deamination site of APOBEC3G.	Adenine	37-44	apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3G	Homo sapiens	128-136
21168333-2	2011	The crystal structure of the binary complex (AKR1B14-NADPH) was determined at 1.86A resolution, and showed that the adenine ring and the 2"-phosphate group of the coenzyme formed pi-stacking and electrostatic interactions with the imidazole ring and ND1 atom, respectively, of His269, which is not conserved in other aldose reductase-like proteins.	Adenine	116-123	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B7	Rattus norvegicus	45-52
21168333-2	2011	The crystal structure of the binary complex (AKR1B14-NADPH) was determined at 1.86A resolution, and showed that the adenine ring and the 2"-phosphate group of the coenzyme formed pi-stacking and electrostatic interactions with the imidazole ring and ND1 atom, respectively, of His269, which is not conserved in other aldose reductase-like proteins.	Adenine	116-123	NADH dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	250-253
22393998-3	2011	An adenine to guanine polymorphism (rs3746444), located in the sequence of miR-499, results in a change from A:U to G:U in its stem region.	Adenine	3-10	microRNA 499a	Homo sapiens	75-82
20841309-6	2011	Sequencing of the CYP17A1 gene demonstrated homozygous transversion of cytosine to adenine (TCA TAA) in exon 5, which causes a premature stop codon at position 288 (Ser288X).	Adenine	83-90	cytochrome P450 family 17 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	18-25
20981450-5	2011	We found significant variation among the clinical features of 10 patients from 8 unrelated families all carrying a mutation replacing guanine with adenine at base position 143 (c.143G&gt;A) in the HPRT1 gene.	Adenine	147-154	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	197-202
21206088-3	2011	Genetic linkage studies mapped the disorder to chromosomal region 14q11.2, and a homozygous guanine-to-adenine substitution was identified at the last base of exon 3 immediately following the translational termination codon in the TCRalpha subunit constant gene (TRAC).	Adenine	103-110	T cell receptor alpha constant	Homo sapiens	231-239
21206088-3	2011	Genetic linkage studies mapped the disorder to chromosomal region 14q11.2, and a homozygous guanine-to-adenine substitution was identified at the last base of exon 3 immediately following the translational termination codon in the TCRalpha subunit constant gene (TRAC).	Adenine	103-110	T cell receptor alpha constant	Homo sapiens	263-267
21051541-4	2011	The canonical TDP-43 binding site (TG)(n) is 55.1-fold enriched, and moreover, a variant with adenine in the middle, (TG)(n)TA(TG)(m), is highly abundant among reads in our TDP-43 RIP-seq library.	Adenine	94-101	TAR DNA binding protein	Homo sapiens	14-20
21051541-4	2011	The canonical TDP-43 binding site (TG)(n) is 55.1-fold enriched, and moreover, a variant with adenine in the middle, (TG)(n)TA(TG)(m), is highly abundant among reads in our TDP-43 RIP-seq library.	Adenine	94-101	TAR DNA binding protein	Homo sapiens	173-179
21183720-9	2011	The p23-dependent NMR shifts mapped to both the lid and the adenine end of Hsp90"s ATP binding pocket, but also to large parts of the middle domain.	Adenine	60-67	prostaglandin E synthase 3	Homo sapiens	4-7
21183720-9	2011	The p23-dependent NMR shifts mapped to both the lid and the adenine end of Hsp90"s ATP binding pocket, but also to large parts of the middle domain.	Adenine	60-67	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	75-80
20696268-4	2010	The favored glycosidic syn-conformation exposes the Hoogsteen edge of the base for hydrogen bonding with adenine during DNA synthesis.	Adenine	105-112	synemin	Homo sapiens	23-26
22013935-8	2011	The urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) level significantly increased in AKI mice on day 1 after ingesting 0.75% adenine.	Adenine	133-140	lipocalin 2	Mus musculus	10-52
22013935-8	2011	The urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) level significantly increased in AKI mice on day 1 after ingesting 0.75% adenine.	Adenine	133-140	lipocalin 2	Mus musculus	54-58
21818974-2	2011	METHODS: Built the model of deficiency of the kidney and diuresis by adenine,inspectd the contents of Cort, ALD in blood and the mRNA expression of CYP11B2 with ELISA and RT-PCR technology of the mice.	Adenine	69-76	cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily b, polypeptide 2	Mus musculus	148-155
21087323-7	2010	In addition to this finding, we speculate that the SNPs from DEFB1 and SPINK5 affect the individual susceptibility to development of ADe in an additive manner.	Adenine	133-136	defensin beta 1	Homo sapiens	61-66
21087323-7	2010	In addition to this finding, we speculate that the SNPs from DEFB1 and SPINK5 affect the individual susceptibility to development of ADe in an additive manner.	Adenine	133-136	serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type 5	Homo sapiens	71-77
21087323-8	2010	This study provides evidence for a significant interaction between allergens and the SPINK5 gene that may contribute to ADe susceptibility.	Adenine	120-123	serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type 5	Homo sapiens	85-91
21335660-5	2011	In both cases, a single nucleotide mutation from guanine to adenine at exon 7 was found in PSEN1 (c.617G>A, codon change from GGT to GAT).	Adenine	60-67	presenilin 1	Homo sapiens	91-96
21335660-5	2011	In both cases, a single nucleotide mutation from guanine to adenine at exon 7 was found in PSEN1 (c.617G>A, codon change from GGT to GAT).	Adenine	60-67	gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain 5 pseudogene	Homo sapiens	126-129
21335660-5	2011	In both cases, a single nucleotide mutation from guanine to adenine at exon 7 was found in PSEN1 (c.617G>A, codon change from GGT to GAT).	Adenine	60-67	glycine-N-acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	133-136
22194975-2	2011	Excessive adenine intake can cause TIN because xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) can convert this purine into an insoluble compound, which precipitates in the tubuli.	Adenine	10-17	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	47-69
22194975-2	2011	Excessive adenine intake can cause TIN because xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) can convert this purine into an insoluble compound, which precipitates in the tubuli.	Adenine	10-17	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	71-74
21062891-4	2011	Here we report a structural model of the p14   bulged duplex interaction based on a combination of X-ray crystallography of an adenine p14/SF3b155 peptide complex, biochemical comparison of a panel of disulfide cross-linked protein-RNA complexes, and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS).	Adenine	127-134	splicing factor 3b subunit 6	Homo sapiens	41-44
21062891-4	2011	Here we report a structural model of the p14   bulged duplex interaction based on a combination of X-ray crystallography of an adenine p14/SF3b155 peptide complex, biochemical comparison of a panel of disulfide cross-linked protein-RNA complexes, and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS).	Adenine	127-134	splicing factor 3b subunit 6	Homo sapiens	135-138
21062891-4	2011	Here we report a structural model of the p14   bulged duplex interaction based on a combination of X-ray crystallography of an adenine p14/SF3b155 peptide complex, biochemical comparison of a panel of disulfide cross-linked protein-RNA complexes, and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS).	Adenine	127-134	splicing factor 3b subunit 1	Homo sapiens	139-146
21215182-7	2010	Additionally, a novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) where a transition of guanine (G) to adenine (A) was identified at 34 bp front of transcription initiation site in TFAP-2B gene.	Adenine	96-103	transcription factor AP-2 beta	Homo sapiens	174-181
20696268-9	2010	These structures reveal that flexibility around the template-binding pocket can permit 8-oxoG to assume an anti- or syn-conformation and code for cytosine or adenine incorporation, respectively.	Adenine	158-165	synemin	Homo sapiens	116-119
20852764-1	2010	Uracil-terminated telechelic sulfonated polyimides (SPI-U) were transformed into noncovalent network membranes through biocomplementary hydrogen bonding recognition in the presence of an adenine-based crosslinking agent.	Adenine	187-194	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	52-55
21199725-6	2010	mRNA expression of CCL2 was increased in M. bovis BCG-infected monocytic cells, and this increase was abrogated by administration of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI).	Adenine	150-157	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	19-23
21036084-6	2010	The adenine base of ADP-ribose was specifically recognized by the conserved nsP3 residue D10.	Adenine	4-11	SH2 domain containing 3C	Homo sapiens	76-80
20864509-3	2010	This structure reveals an unusual pseudoknot topology that creates a shallow groove on the surface of the RNA that binds SAH primarily through interactions with the adenine ring and methionine main chain atoms and discriminates against SAM through a steric mechanism.	Adenine	165-172	acyl-CoA synthetase medium chain family member 3	Homo sapiens	121-124
20840885-7	2010	Here, we show that binding to AAG is, in fact, dramatically more thermodynamically favorable for hypoxanthine, at least, a specific lesion, produced by oxidative deamination of adenine, than for undamaged adenine.	Adenine	177-184	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	30-33
20840885-7	2010	Here, we show that binding to AAG is, in fact, dramatically more thermodynamically favorable for hypoxanthine, at least, a specific lesion, produced by oxidative deamination of adenine, than for undamaged adenine.	Adenine	205-212	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	30-33
20848659-5	2010	These results should be of great value in accurately diagnosing MAP and in fully understanding the mechanism by which MUTYH repairs DNA in which adenine is mispaired with 8-hydroxyguanine.	Adenine	145-152	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	118-123
20816984-1	2010	The DNA glycosylase MutY homologue (MYH or MUTYH) removes adenines misincorporated opposite 8-oxoguanine as part of the base excision repair pathway.	Adenine	58-66	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	36-39
20724227-2	2010	MUTYH is a DNA glycosylase that removes adenine (A) misinserted opposite 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2"-deoxyguanosine (OG).	Adenine	40-47	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	0-5
20558598-1	2010	Maize ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) is a plant toxin that inactivates eukaryotic ribosomes by depurinating a specific adenine residue at the alpha-sarcin/ricin loop of 28S rRNA.	Adenine	124-131	ribosome-inactivating protein	Zea mays	6-35
20931685-2	2010	Polymorphisms in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha promoter region, especially replacement of guanine with adenine in positions -238 and -308 are related to higher TNF-alpha production and higher risk for psoriasis in Caucasoid populations, not found in Asians.	Adenine	111-118	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	21-54
20931685-2	2010	Polymorphisms in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha promoter region, especially replacement of guanine with adenine in positions -238 and -308 are related to higher TNF-alpha production and higher risk for psoriasis in Caucasoid populations, not found in Asians.	Adenine	111-118	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	168-177
20685823-4	2010	Remarkably, we show that PTH is necessary for the high-FGF23 levels of early kidney failure due to an adenine high-phosphorus diet.	Adenine	102-109	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	25-28
20685823-4	2010	Remarkably, we show that PTH is necessary for the high-FGF23 levels of early kidney failure due to an adenine high-phosphorus diet.	Adenine	102-109	fibroblast growth factor 23	Rattus norvegicus	55-60
20558598-1	2010	Maize ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) is a plant toxin that inactivates eukaryotic ribosomes by depurinating a specific adenine residue at the alpha-sarcin/ricin loop of 28S rRNA.	Adenine	124-131	ribosome-inactivating protein	Zea mays	37-40
20526335-3	2010	The 2.0-A structure of DNA polymerase (pol) beta bound with 8odGTP opposite template adenine indicates that the modified nucleotide assumes the mutagenic syn conformation and that the nonmutagenic anti conformation would be incompatible with efficient DNA synthesis.	Adenine	85-92	synemin	Homo sapiens	154-157
20804590-13	2010	Molecular docking studies at the active site of PARP showed 3-AB and NIC to interact with the binding site for the nicotinamide moiety of NAD+ and TAU to interact with the binding site for the adenine moiety of NAD+.	Adenine	193-200	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	48-52
20806121-0	2010	BF0801, a novel adenine derivative, inhibits platelet activation via phosphodiesterase inhibition and P2Y12 antagonism.	Adenine	16-23	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Homo sapiens	102-107
20806121-8	2010	In summary, for the first time we developed a novel adenine derivative bearing dual activities of PDE inhibition and P2Y12 antagonism, which may have therapeutic advantage as a potential antithrombotic drug.	Adenine	52-59	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Homo sapiens	117-122
20738091-1	2010	The SERS spectrum of DNA is strongly dominated by the strong spectral feature of adenine at 736 cm(-1); the presence of adenine can serve as an endogenous marker for the label-free SERS-based detection of DNA hybridization when the probe DNA sequence is adenine-free.	Adenine	81-88	seryl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	4-8
20738091-1	2010	The SERS spectrum of DNA is strongly dominated by the strong spectral feature of adenine at 736 cm(-1); the presence of adenine can serve as an endogenous marker for the label-free SERS-based detection of DNA hybridization when the probe DNA sequence is adenine-free.	Adenine	81-88	seryl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	181-185
20738091-1	2010	The SERS spectrum of DNA is strongly dominated by the strong spectral feature of adenine at 736 cm(-1); the presence of adenine can serve as an endogenous marker for the label-free SERS-based detection of DNA hybridization when the probe DNA sequence is adenine-free.	Adenine	120-127	seryl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	4-8
20738091-1	2010	The SERS spectrum of DNA is strongly dominated by the strong spectral feature of adenine at 736 cm(-1); the presence of adenine can serve as an endogenous marker for the label-free SERS-based detection of DNA hybridization when the probe DNA sequence is adenine-free.	Adenine	120-127	seryl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	181-185
20738091-1	2010	The SERS spectrum of DNA is strongly dominated by the strong spectral feature of adenine at 736 cm(-1); the presence of adenine can serve as an endogenous marker for the label-free SERS-based detection of DNA hybridization when the probe DNA sequence is adenine-free.	Adenine	120-127	seryl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	4-8
20738091-1	2010	The SERS spectrum of DNA is strongly dominated by the strong spectral feature of adenine at 736 cm(-1); the presence of adenine can serve as an endogenous marker for the label-free SERS-based detection of DNA hybridization when the probe DNA sequence is adenine-free.	Adenine	120-127	seryl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	181-185
20738091-2	2010	The substitution of 2-aminopurine for adenine on the probe DNA sequence enables the detection of a target sequence using SERS, upon hybridization of the target with the 2-AP-substituted probe DNA sequence.	Adenine	38-45	seryl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	121-125
20620059-1	2010	By targeting an extended region of the conventional "DFG-out" pocket of p38alpha, while minimizing interactions with the specificity pocket and eliminating interactions with the adenine binding site, we are able to design and synthesize a number of pyrazole-urea based DFG-out p38alpha inhibitors with good potencies, and excellent selectivity.	Adenine	178-185	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	72-80
20620059-1	2010	By targeting an extended region of the conventional "DFG-out" pocket of p38alpha, while minimizing interactions with the specificity pocket and eliminating interactions with the adenine binding site, we are able to design and synthesize a number of pyrazole-urea based DFG-out p38alpha inhibitors with good potencies, and excellent selectivity.	Adenine	178-185	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	277-285
20075058-7	2010	In CBD, associations were found with decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced vital capacity and the CCR5 -3458 thymidine (T)T genotype (p&lt;0.0001), and an increase in alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference at rest (p = 0.003) and at maximum exercise (p = 0.01) and the -5663 adenine allele.	Adenine	296-303	C-C motif chemokine receptor 5	Homo sapiens	114-118
20847528-7	2010	Orally administered TAP showed the inhibitory effect on serum phosphate level in adenine-induced CRF rats, which was equivalent to that of sevelamer hydrochloride.	Adenine	81-88	nuclear RNA export factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	20-23
20463188-2	2010	METHODS: Guanine (G) to adenine (A) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the -2518 MCP-1 promoter region in pSS and healthy controls was determined by the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique.	Adenine	24-31	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	86-91
20470888-7	2010	In the individuals bearing the combination of the homozygous variant of low AT repeat number (82 bp) and the homozygous variant A (adenine) in CTLA-4 +49 A&gt;G, higher eGFR was observed at one year after KTx, which was also maintained at 10 years.	Adenine	131-138	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	143-149
19823838-2	2010	Trubenbach and colleagues described a patient with two heterozygotic nucleotide transversions in exon 4 of TNFRSF1A gene: the first is a substitution from guanine to cytosine at position 263 of the nucleotide sequence (c.263 G&gt;C); the second is a substitution from cytosine to adenine at position 264 (c.264 C&gt;A); the two mutations affect the amino acid number 88 of the protein.	Adenine	280-287	TNF receptor superfamily member 1A	Homo sapiens	107-115
20470888-7	2010	In the individuals bearing the combination of the homozygous variant of low AT repeat number (82 bp) and the homozygous variant A (adenine) in CTLA-4 +49 A&gt;G, higher eGFR was observed at one year after KTx, which was also maintained at 10 years.	Adenine	131-138	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	169-173
20477871-2	2010	In the nucleus, TIAR contributes to alternative splicing events, whereas, in the cytoplasm, it acts as a translational repressor on specific transcripts such as adenine and uridine-rich element-containing mRNAs.	Adenine	161-168	TIA1 cytotoxic granule associated RNA binding protein like 1	Homo sapiens	16-20
20308049-1	2010	Machado-Joseph disease or spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (MJD/SCA3) is a fatal, autosomal dominant disorder caused by a cytosine-adenine-guanine expansion in the coding region of the MJD1 gene.	Adenine	128-136	ataxin 3	Homo sapiens	57-60
20235109-0	2010	Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopic studies of the hydrogen bonding between adenine and thymine adsorbed on Au (111).	Adenine	73-80	TOR signaling pathway regulator	Homo sapiens	0-3
20418187-1	2010	The MUTYH DNA glycosylase specifically removes adenine misincorporated by replicative polymerases opposite the oxidized purine 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG).	Adenine	47-54	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	4-9
20477871-8	2010	Our data also indicate that ASF/SF2 down-regulates the expression of a reporter mRNA carrying adenine and uridine-rich elements within its 3" UTR.	Adenine	94-101	serine and arginine rich splicing factor 1	Homo sapiens	28-35
20231821-0	2010	High-mobility group box-1 protein promotes granulomatous nephritis in adenine-induced nephropathy.	Adenine	70-77	high mobility group box 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-25
20231821-4	2010	In this study, we showed elevated HMGB1 expression in renal granulomas in rats with crystal-induced granulomatous nephritis caused by feeding an adenine-rich diet.	Adenine	145-152	high mobility group box 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-39
20563362-9	2010	The TNF-alpha -238 adenine (AA) (p=0.036) and -308AA (p=0.003) genotypes were more frequent in RHD patients than in controls, and were associated with increased production of TNF-alpha (p=0.00001 for 238AA) and (p=0.001 for 308AA).	Adenine	19-26	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	4-13
20563362-9	2010	The TNF-alpha -238 adenine (AA) (p=0.036) and -308AA (p=0.003) genotypes were more frequent in RHD patients than in controls, and were associated with increased production of TNF-alpha (p=0.00001 for 238AA) and (p=0.001 for 308AA).	Adenine	19-26	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	175-184
20445233-6	2010	In the structure, the side chain of Phe543 protrudes into the ATP-binding pocket to make van der Waals interactions with the adenine moiety of ATP; this is also observed in other AGC kinase structures such as binary and ternary substrate complexes of PKA and AKT.	Adenine	125-132	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	259-262
20439749-5	2010	Here we present structural and biochemical studies that identify Y381/Y386 and Y423/Y428 residues in the conserved C(M/P)Y and CYR motifs within each APLF PBZ domain that are critical for the interaction with the adenine ring of ADP-ribose.	Adenine	213-220	aprataxin and PNKP like factor	Homo sapiens	150-154
20399647-0	2010	Design, synthesis and evaluation of progesterone-adenine hybrids as bivalent inhibitors of P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug efflux.	Adenine	49-56	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	91-105
20348921-4	2010	By using an "atomic mutagenesis" approach, which allows the manipulation of specific functional groups on 23S rRNA nucleotides in the context of the entire ribosome, we disclose the adenine exocyclic N6 amino group at A2660 of the sarcin-ricin loop as a key determinant for triggering GTP hydrolysis on EF-G.	Adenine	182-189	G elongation factor mitochondrial 1	Homo sapiens	303-307
20618128-6	2010	The data obtained have demonstrated that RNase A, which attacks internucleotide bonds at the 3" side of pyrimidine nucleotides, and diethyl pyrocarbonate, which modifies N7 of adenines not involved in stacking interactions, weakly affected the core region of omega leader sequence enriched with CAA-repeats, this directly indicating the existence of a stable spatial structure.	Adenine	176-184	ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic	Homo sapiens	41-48
20427663-4	2010	We have established that the attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder-associated human DAT coding variant Ala559Val (hDAT A559V) results in anomalous DA efflux (ADE) similar to that caused by amphetamine-like psychostimulants.	Adenine	161-164	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	87-90
20336251-0	2010	Reference MP2/CBS and CCSD(T) quantum-chemical calculations on stacked adenine dimers.	Adenine	71-78	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	10-13
20336251-0	2010	Reference MP2/CBS and CCSD(T) quantum-chemical calculations on stacked adenine dimers.	Adenine	71-78	cystathionine beta-synthase	Homo sapiens	14-17
20336251-14	2010	Interestingly, the performance of the SCS(MI)-MP2 method for stacked adenine dimers is better than for stacked uracil dimers, indicating that the quality of the description may vary with the nucleobase composition.	Adenine	69-76	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	46-49
20339072-3	2010	We solved the crystal structure of Vps34 at 2.9 angstrom resolution, which revealed a constricted adenine-binding pocket, suggesting the reason that specific inhibitors of this class of PI3K have proven elusive.	Adenine	98-105	phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3	Homo sapiens	35-40
19507030-5	2010	Molecular analysis of the STK11 gene in this case of PJS revealed a substitution of thymine 217 for adenine (C.217T &gt; A) in exon 1, resulting in a change of codon 73 from cysteine to serine (C73S).	Adenine	100-107	serine/threonine kinase 11	Homo sapiens	26-31
19885826-6	2010	Moreover, compared to the rats treated with Ade-beta-gal, the rats treated with Ade-COMP-Ang1 showed an increase in blood vessels, especially in the border zone adjacent to the infarction, increased number of endogenous neuronal progenitor cells in the ischemic brain, and decreased number of TUNEL-positive cells.	Adenine	80-83	angiopoietin 1	Rattus norvegicus	89-93
19885826-6	2010	Moreover, compared to the rats treated with Ade-beta-gal, the rats treated with Ade-COMP-Ang1 showed an increase in blood vessels, especially in the border zone adjacent to the infarction, increased number of endogenous neuronal progenitor cells in the ischemic brain, and decreased number of TUNEL-positive cells.	Adenine	44-47	angiopoietin 1	Rattus norvegicus	89-93
21264126-6	2010	ABC analysis revealed 13.78%, 21.85% and 64.37% items as A, B and C category items, respectively, accounting for 69.97%, 19.95% and 10.08% of ADE of the pharmacy.	Adenine	142-145	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-3
20060272-7	2010	We showed that the rs438421 polymorphism in the IL-12RB1 (TT) gene and the rs2066446 polymorphism in the IL-12RB2 (AA) gene had a significant interaction to develop the ADe phenotype (allergic type of AD), and those individuals with the risk alleles, TT/AA/CC (IL-12RB1/IL-12RB2/IL-18), have more than a 10-fold increased risk to develop ADe.	Adenine	169-172	interleukin 12 receptor subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	48-56
19703807-8	2010	Direct sequencing of the AVPR2 gene revealed a novel deletion of adenine at position 222 (222delA) in exon 2.	Adenine	65-72	arginine vasopressin receptor 2	Homo sapiens	25-30
20137943-2	2010	Studies of linker strand-binding adenine isosteres identified SAR trends in potency and selectivity that were consistent with binding interactions observed in structures of the inhibitors bound to AKT1 and to the counter-screening target PKA.	Adenine	33-40	sarcosine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	62-65
20137943-2	2010	Studies of linker strand-binding adenine isosteres identified SAR trends in potency and selectivity that were consistent with binding interactions observed in structures of the inhibitors bound to AKT1 and to the counter-screening target PKA.	Adenine	33-40	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	197-201
20060272-7	2010	We showed that the rs438421 polymorphism in the IL-12RB1 (TT) gene and the rs2066446 polymorphism in the IL-12RB2 (AA) gene had a significant interaction to develop the ADe phenotype (allergic type of AD), and those individuals with the risk alleles, TT/AA/CC (IL-12RB1/IL-12RB2/IL-18), have more than a 10-fold increased risk to develop ADe.	Adenine	169-172	interleukin 12 receptor subunit beta 2	Homo sapiens	105-113
20060272-7	2010	We showed that the rs438421 polymorphism in the IL-12RB1 (TT) gene and the rs2066446 polymorphism in the IL-12RB2 (AA) gene had a significant interaction to develop the ADe phenotype (allergic type of AD), and those individuals with the risk alleles, TT/AA/CC (IL-12RB1/IL-12RB2/IL-18), have more than a 10-fold increased risk to develop ADe.	Adenine	169-172	interleukin 12 receptor subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	261-269
20060272-7	2010	We showed that the rs438421 polymorphism in the IL-12RB1 (TT) gene and the rs2066446 polymorphism in the IL-12RB2 (AA) gene had a significant interaction to develop the ADe phenotype (allergic type of AD), and those individuals with the risk alleles, TT/AA/CC (IL-12RB1/IL-12RB2/IL-18), have more than a 10-fold increased risk to develop ADe.	Adenine	169-172	interleukin 12 receptor subunit beta 2	Homo sapiens	270-278
20060272-7	2010	We showed that the rs438421 polymorphism in the IL-12RB1 (TT) gene and the rs2066446 polymorphism in the IL-12RB2 (AA) gene had a significant interaction to develop the ADe phenotype (allergic type of AD), and those individuals with the risk alleles, TT/AA/CC (IL-12RB1/IL-12RB2/IL-18), have more than a 10-fold increased risk to develop ADe.	Adenine	169-172	interleukin 18	Homo sapiens	279-284
20060272-7	2010	We showed that the rs438421 polymorphism in the IL-12RB1 (TT) gene and the rs2066446 polymorphism in the IL-12RB2 (AA) gene had a significant interaction to develop the ADe phenotype (allergic type of AD), and those individuals with the risk alleles, TT/AA/CC (IL-12RB1/IL-12RB2/IL-18), have more than a 10-fold increased risk to develop ADe.	Adenine	338-341	interleukin 12 receptor subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	48-56
20060272-7	2010	We showed that the rs438421 polymorphism in the IL-12RB1 (TT) gene and the rs2066446 polymorphism in the IL-12RB2 (AA) gene had a significant interaction to develop the ADe phenotype (allergic type of AD), and those individuals with the risk alleles, TT/AA/CC (IL-12RB1/IL-12RB2/IL-18), have more than a 10-fold increased risk to develop ADe.	Adenine	338-341	interleukin 12 receptor subunit beta 2	Homo sapiens	105-113
20060272-8	2010	CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence for a significant interaction between the IL-12RB1 and IL-12RB2 genes that contribute to a 4-fold increased risk for developing ADe.	Adenine	169-172	interleukin 12 receptor subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	83-91
20060272-8	2010	CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence for a significant interaction between the IL-12RB1 and IL-12RB2 genes that contribute to a 4-fold increased risk for developing ADe.	Adenine	169-172	interleukin 12 receptor subunit beta 2	Homo sapiens	96-104
20060272-9	2010	In addition to the IL-12R interaction, we suggest that the IL-18 gene can significantly interact with the IL-12R gene to develop ADe.	Adenine	129-132	interleukin 18	Homo sapiens	59-64
20124694-0	2010	Structures of human MST3 kinase in complex with adenine, ADP and Mn2+.	Adenine	48-55	serine/threonine kinase 24	Homo sapiens	20-24
19666657-7	2010	RESULTS: The study detected the ACTN4 gene promoter 1-34C&gt;T, 1-590delA and (1-1044delT)+(1-797T&gt;C)+(1-769A&gt;G) heterozygous mutations in three patients, respectively, and the SYNPO gene promoter 1-24G&gt;A and 1-851C&gt;T heterozygous mutations in two patients, respectively (with adenine of translation start site ATG naming +1).	Adenine	289-296	actinin alpha 4	Homo sapiens	32-37
20226149-0	2010	[Effects of Shenqi Jiedu Decoction on expressions of transforming growth factor-beta1, smad2 and smad3 in renal tissues of rats with chronic renal failure induced by adenine].	Adenine	166-173	SMAD family member 3	Rattus norvegicus	97-102
20124694-3	2010	Here, five crystal structures of the catalytic domain of MST3 are presented, including a complex with ADP and manganese, a unique cofactor preferred by the enzyme, and a complex with adenine.	Adenine	183-190	serine/threonine kinase 24	Homo sapiens	57-61
20124694-6	2010	A different orientation was observed for the ligand in the MST3-adenine complex.	Adenine	64-71	serine/threonine kinase 24	Homo sapiens	59-63
19772330-3	2010	It was revealed that the IR dipoles of the band at around 1630 cm(-1), which were almost parallel to the long molecular axis of the adenine ring, were less tilted with respect to the substrate surface in the SAMs with longer chains (n = 9 and 10) in comparison to those with shorter chains (n = 2, 4, and 5).	Adenine	132-139	methionine adenosyltransferase 1A	Homo sapiens	208-212
20367611-2	2010	Expected stacking interactions between adenine of 3":5"-AMP and aromatic moieties of amino acids were taken into account by means of MP2/6-31G(d) IPCM (isodensity polarizable continuum model) computations (epsilon = 4.0).	Adenine	39-46	major intrinsic protein of lens fiber	Homo sapiens	133-138
19890090-1	2010	Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from the islet beta-cell involves a sequence of metabolic events and an interplay between a wide range of signaling pathways leading to the generation of second messengers (e.g., cyclic nucleotides, adenine and guanine nucleotides, soluble lipid messengers) and mobilization of calcium ions.	Adenine	236-243	insulin	Homo sapiens	19-26
20063873-5	2010	In the lowest energy AT...(+)-BaP DE-2 complex, which has a gas-phase interaction energy of -20.9 kcal mol(-1), the exocyclic NH(2) of adenine is positioned for backside epoxide attack and formation of a trans adduct.	Adenine	135-142	prohibitin 2	Homo sapiens	30-33
19933844-7	2010	We find that Ino80 is recruited to a large number of promoter regions on phosphate starvation, including those of phosphate- and adenine-responsive genes that depend on Iec1 for correct expression.	Adenine	129-136	INO80 complex ATPase subunit	Homo sapiens	13-18
19781564-1	2010	Ricin inhibits translation by removal of a specific adenine from 28S RNA.	Adenine	52-59	ricin	Ricinus communis	0-5
19363716-4	2010	Screening for the SOD1 gene disclosed, at codon 140, a base substitution of adenine for thymine (GGT>CCA) known as the A140A "silent" mutation since it does not change the amino acid (alanine) encoded for at that position.	Adenine	76-83	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	18-22
20645637-8	2010	The SNP rs1348322 was present in homozygote form in the subjects from all the families, where Cytosine is changed to Adenine in position 112 of the exon of the NOG gene.	Adenine	117-124	noggin	Homo sapiens	160-163
20057051-5	2010	Furthermore, the first crystal structures of complexes of an LMW PNP with adenosine and adenine are reported, together with those with inosine and hypoxanthine.	Adenine	88-95	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	65-68
19640695-5	2010	We performed a case control, genetic study to assess possible associations of two polymorphisms of the ET-1 gene, an adenine insertion (+134 insA/delA) and a guanine to thymine transversion (G198T) with the COPD phenotype and disease severity.	Adenine	117-124	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	103-107
20460819-7	2010	Further, we have also suggested that adenine and related compounds are endogenous allosteric inhibitors of UGT.	Adenine	37-44	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A complex locus	Homo sapiens	107-110
20154440-3	2010	Genetic studies failed to detect any mutations of the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) and Dynactin1 (DCTN1) genes, but revealed a single base pair change from wild-type adenine to guanine at position 1009 in TAR-DNA-binding protein (TDP-43), resulting in a methionine-to-valine substitution at position 337.	Adenine	173-180	dynactin subunit 1	Homo sapiens	94-103
20154440-3	2010	Genetic studies failed to detect any mutations of the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) and Dynactin1 (DCTN1) genes, but revealed a single base pair change from wild-type adenine to guanine at position 1009 in TAR-DNA-binding protein (TDP-43), resulting in a methionine-to-valine substitution at position 337.	Adenine	173-180	TAR DNA binding protein	Homo sapiens	237-243
19937655-5	2010	While all of the canonical features of Ser/Thr kinases in general and MK2 in particular are recapitulated in MK3, the detailed analysis of the binding interaction of the drug-like ligand within the adenine binding pocket allows relevant conclusions to be drawn for the further design of potent and selective drug candidates.	Adenine	198-205	MAPK activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	109-112
19863126-15	2009	The determined experimental bond lengths of adenine are in good agreement with those from MP2 calculations and with experimental bond lengths of pyrimidine and 1H-imidazole (except for the C-C double bond in imidazole).	Adenine	44-51	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	90-93
19836313-0	2009	Adenine removal activity and bacterial complementation with the human MutY homologue (MUTYH) and Y165C, G382D, P391L and Q324R variants associated with colorectal cancer.	Adenine	0-7	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	86-91
19836313-2	2009	The MUTYH glycosylase plays an important role in preventing mutations associated with 8-oxoguanine (OG) by removing adenine residues that have been misincorporated opposite OG.	Adenine	116-123	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	4-9
19836313-6	2009	Using these methods, the rate constants for steps involved in the adenine removal process were determined for the MAP variants Y165C, G382D, P391L and Q324R MUTYH.	Adenine	66-73	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	157-162
19836313-7	2009	Under single-turnover conditions, the rate of adenine removal for these four variants was found to be 30-40% of WT MUTYH.	Adenine	46-53	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	115-120
19473658-3	2009	Genomic DNA sequencing of the proband revealed a homozygous novel deletion of two successive adenine residues in codon 138 in the apoA-I gene, resulting in a frameshift mutation at amino acid residues 138-178, which we have designated as apoA-I Tomioka.	Adenine	93-100	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	130-136
19191310-6	2009	Diadenosine triphosphate (Ap(3)A) binds with the adenine in syn conformation, the beta-phosphate as the principal P(1) subsite ligand and without order beyond the gamma-phosphate.	Adenine	49-56	synemin	Homo sapiens	60-63
19497730-6	2009	The rational design was made according to the sequence of the adenine binding site of biotin carboxylase.	Adenine	62-69	methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase subunit 2	Homo sapiens	86-104
19920175-4	2009	RTA and SAP share unique purine-binding geometry with quadruple pi-stacking interactions between adjacent adenine and guanine bases and 2 conserved tyrosines.	Adenine	106-113	MAS related GPR family member F	Homo sapiens	0-3
19473658-3	2009	Genomic DNA sequencing of the proband revealed a homozygous novel deletion of two successive adenine residues in codon 138 in the apoA-I gene, resulting in a frameshift mutation at amino acid residues 138-178, which we have designated as apoA-I Tomioka.	Adenine	93-100	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	238-244
19823749-7	2009	In addition, the analysis of the hyperbolic binding curves obtained suggests the presence of one hGal-1 binding site for porphyrins or adenine.	Adenine	135-142	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	97-103
19680137-2	2009	The adenine/cytosine(1166) (A/C(1166)) polymorphism of the AGT1R gene has been shown to be associated with hypertension and hypertension-related diseases.	Adenine	4-11	angiotensin II receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	59-64
19642651-4	2009	Pol alpha also polymerized 8-oxo-dGTP across from a templating A, and removing N(6) from the template adenine inhibited incorporation of 8-oxoG.	Adenine	102-109	DNA polymerase alpha 1, catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	0-9
19725089-1	2009	The EcoDam and T4Dam DNA-(adenine N6)-methyltransferases both methylate the adenine residue in GATC sites.	Adenine	26-33	glutamyl-tRNA amidotransferase subunit C	Homo sapiens	95-99
19642651-5	2009	The effects of N1, N(6), and N7 demonstrated a strong interdependence during formation of adenine:hypoxanthine base pairs by pol alpha, and N3 of dATP again helps prevent polymerization opposite a templating hypoxanthine.	Adenine	90-97	DNA polymerase alpha 1, catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	125-134
20021795-10	2009	Additionally, a common synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism, a transition of adenine (A) into guanine (G) at nucleotide 63, was found in NKX2-5 gene.	Adenine	82-89	NK2 homeobox 5	Homo sapiens	142-148
19479711-2	2009	The human mutY homologue (MUTYH) excises adenine misincorporated opposite 8-OH-G during replication and suppresses mutations caused by reactive oxygen species.	Adenine	41-48	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	10-24
19479711-2	2009	The human mutY homologue (MUTYH) excises adenine misincorporated opposite 8-OH-G during replication and suppresses mutations caused by reactive oxygen species.	Adenine	41-48	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	26-31
19609728-6	2009	(a) The P2X(7) TpIS was localized to adenine (+1) at nt 1683 of the human P2X(7) gene [GenBank Y12851]), with a TTAAA sequence at nt -32/-28 and an active promoter region within nt -158/+32.	Adenine	37-44	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	8-14
19609728-6	2009	(a) The P2X(7) TpIS was localized to adenine (+1) at nt 1683 of the human P2X(7) gene [GenBank Y12851]), with a TTAAA sequence at nt -32/-28 and an active promoter region within nt -158/+32.	Adenine	37-44	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	74-80
19631328-4	2009	For the separation of a mixture of nucleosides and thymine, guanine and adenine with purine uncleobases, which exhibit greater aromaticity than pyrimidine nucleobases, performed a higher retention in the MEP capillary through a pi-pi interaction than in the MES capillary.	Adenine	72-79	neurolysin	Homo sapiens	204-207
19530248-6	2009	In PKA, the HF motif is only recognized when the turn motif Ser338 is phosphorylated, possibly serving as a phosphorylation "switch" that regulates how the Ade and HF motifs interact with PDK1.	Adenine	156-159	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1	Homo sapiens	188-192
19637911-1	2009	The human RNA editing enzyme ADAR1 (double-stranded RNA deaminase I) deaminates adenine in pre-mRNA to yield inosine, which codes as guanine.	Adenine	80-87	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	29-34
19891924-6	2009	DNA sequencing showed a novel signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) gene mutation within intron 12, specifically adenine to cytosine, two base pairs upstream of exon 13.	Adenine	134-141	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	30-80
19891924-6	2009	DNA sequencing showed a novel signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) gene mutation within intron 12, specifically adenine to cytosine, two base pairs upstream of exon 13.	Adenine	134-141	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	82-87
19536577-2	2009	Cloning and sequencing of the SPT1 transcript of LY-B cells identified the mutation as a guanine to adenine change at nucleotide 738, causing a G246R transformation.	Adenine	100-107	serine palmitoyltransferase 1	Cricetulus griseus	30-34
19520857-0	2009	B cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2 protein is the major determinant in bcl-2 adenine-uridine-rich element turnover overcoming HuR activity.	Adenine	66-73	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	0-23
19520857-0	2009	B cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2 protein is the major determinant in bcl-2 adenine-uridine-rich element turnover overcoming HuR activity.	Adenine	66-73	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	60-65
19472977-3	2009	In the present study, we show that synthetic nucleoside analogues bearing a fluoro-glucopyranosyl sugar moiety and benzoyl-modified cytosine or adenine as a base can effectively inhibit human PARN.	Adenine	144-151	poly(A)-specific ribonuclease	Homo sapiens	192-196
19066187-3	2009	The most commonly studied variant is the guanine to adenine transition at position -308 nucleotides relative to the transcription start site (TNF -308A).	Adenine	52-59	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	142-145
19487301-5	2009	Two significant guanine/adenine [G/A] genotype by physical activity interactions were found on rs6731545 for SBP and DBP (p=.0160 and p=.0492, respectively).	Adenine	24-31	selenium binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	109-112
19395491-7	2009	Phenotypic analyses of the mutants revealed reduced growth of the stk1 mutant in RPMI 1640 defined medium that was restored when adenine was added to the medium.	Adenine	129-136	TEK receptor tyrosine kinase	Mus musculus	66-70
19623596-1	2009	Time-resolved NMR spectroscopy was applied to study ribozyme-mediated RNA catalysis in a mutant of the hairpin ribozyme, the adenine-dependent hairpin ribozyme (ADHR; M. Meli, et al.	Adenine	125-132	arginine vasopressin receptor 2	Homo sapiens	161-165
19623596-8	2009	For ADHR, both metal ions and the cofactor adenine are essential for self-cleaving activity.	Adenine	43-50	arginine vasopressin receptor 2	Homo sapiens	4-8
19893922-5	2009	Direct sequencing of DAX1 revealed an insertion of an adenine base (c1382-1383 A ins), which lead to a pMet461Asp substitution.	Adenine	54-61	nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 1	Homo sapiens	21-25
19435930-1	2009	The mRNA-destabilizing protein tristetraprolin (TTP) negatively regulates adenine- and uridine-rich element (ARE)-containing mRNAs.	Adenine	74-81	ZFP36 ring finger protein	Homo sapiens	31-46
19435930-1	2009	The mRNA-destabilizing protein tristetraprolin (TTP) negatively regulates adenine- and uridine-rich element (ARE)-containing mRNAs.	Adenine	74-81	ZFP36 ring finger protein	Homo sapiens	48-51
19443904-7	2009	The hMYH R260Q mutant had severe defect in adenine DNA glycosylase activity, whereas hMYH H434D could excise adenines from A:8oxoG pairs but not from A:G mispairs.	Adenine	109-117	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	4-8
19443904-7	2009	The hMYH R260Q mutant had severe defect in adenine DNA glycosylase activity, whereas hMYH H434D could excise adenines from A:8oxoG pairs but not from A:G mispairs.	Adenine	109-117	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	85-89
19530248-5	2009	The Ade motif is conserved as a PDK1-interacting site in Akt and PRK2, and we predict it will be a PDK1-interacting site for most AGC kinases.	Adenine	4-7	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1	Homo sapiens	32-36
19530248-5	2009	The Ade motif is conserved as a PDK1-interacting site in Akt and PRK2, and we predict it will be a PDK1-interacting site for most AGC kinases.	Adenine	4-7	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	57-60
19530248-5	2009	The Ade motif is conserved as a PDK1-interacting site in Akt and PRK2, and we predict it will be a PDK1-interacting site for most AGC kinases.	Adenine	4-7	protein kinase N2	Homo sapiens	65-69
19530248-5	2009	The Ade motif is conserved as a PDK1-interacting site in Akt and PRK2, and we predict it will be a PDK1-interacting site for most AGC kinases.	Adenine	4-7	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1	Homo sapiens	99-103
19460866-5	2009	Siwi-bound piRNAs have a strong bias for uridine at their 5" end and BmAgo3-bound piRNAs are enriched for adenine at position 10.	Adenine	106-113	piwi-like protein Siwi	Bombyx mori	0-4
19460866-5	2009	Siwi-bound piRNAs have a strong bias for uridine at their 5" end and BmAgo3-bound piRNAs are enriched for adenine at position 10.	Adenine	106-113	piwi-like protein Ago3	Bombyx mori	69-75
19530248-8	2009	Modeling of the PKA C-tail onto PDK1 structure creates two chimeric sites; the ATP binding pocket, which is completed by the Ade motif, and the C-helix, which is positioned by the HF motif.	Adenine	125-128	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1	Homo sapiens	32-36
19478797-5	2009	These crystal structures show that CopA recognises the adenine ring completely differently from other P-type ATPases.	Adenine	55-62	COPI coat complex subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	35-39
19449863-1	2009	Human alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (AAG) locates and excises a wide variety of damaged purine bases from DNA, including hypoxanthine that is formed by the oxidative deamination of adenine.	Adenine	11-18	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	36-39
19535795-2	2009	We identified a homozygous GNRH1 frameshift mutation, an insertion of an adenine at nucleotide position 18 (c.18-19insA), in the sequence encoding the N-terminal region of the signal peptide-containing protein precursor of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (prepro-GnRH) in a teenage brother and sister, who had normosmic IHH.	Adenine	73-80	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Homo sapiens	27-32
19502427-4	2009	The purine biosynthetic enzyme Ade4-GFP formed foci in the absence of adenine, and cycling between punctate and diffuse phenotypes could be controlled by adenine subtraction and addition.	Adenine	70-77	amidophosphoribosyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	31-35
19502427-4	2009	The purine biosynthetic enzyme Ade4-GFP formed foci in the absence of adenine, and cycling between punctate and diffuse phenotypes could be controlled by adenine subtraction and addition.	Adenine	154-161	amidophosphoribosyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	31-35
19324873-7	2009	Our results indicate that the preference of hSMUG1 for mispaired uracil over uracil paired with adenine is best explained by the reduced stability of a duplex containing a mispair, consistent with previous reports with Escherichia coli mispaired uracil-DNA glycosylase.	Adenine	96-103	single-strand-selective monofunctional uracil-DNA glycosylase 1	Homo sapiens	44-50
19324873-7	2009	Our results indicate that the preference of hSMUG1 for mispaired uracil over uracil paired with adenine is best explained by the reduced stability of a duplex containing a mispair, consistent with previous reports with Escherichia coli mispaired uracil-DNA glycosylase.	Adenine	96-103	uracil DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	246-268
19478948-3	2009	In normal cells, but not in tumor cells lacking MTAP, MTAP cleaves the natural substrate, 5"-deoxy-5"-methylthioadenosine (MTA), to adenine and 5-methylthioribose-1-phosphate (MTR-1-P), which are then converted to adenine nucleotides and methionine.	Adenine	132-139	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	54-58
19198902-7	2009	In order to elucidate the physical origins of this phenomenon, i.e. to analyze how the modification of adenine by hydroxyl radical is reflected in the change of intermolecular interaction energy components, a variational-perturbational decomposition scheme was applied at the MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory.	Adenine	103-110	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	276-279
19397271-9	2009	All adenine analogues with the exception of the Z-isomers ent-12a and ent-14a were moderate substrates for adenosine deaminase.	Adenine	4-11	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	107-126
19362833-3	2009	The introduction of small groups at the 2-position of the adenine moiety favors DNMT1 over DNMT3b2 inhibition whereas alkylation of the N(6)-amino moiety favors the inhibition of DNMT3b2 enzyme.	Adenine	58-65	DNA methyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	80-85
19478948-6	2009	In MTAP-positive cells, abundant adenine, generated from supplied MTA, competitively blocks the conversion of an analog, by adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT), to its active nucleotide form.	Adenine	33-40	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	3-7
19478948-6	2009	In MTAP-positive cells, abundant adenine, generated from supplied MTA, competitively blocks the conversion of an analog, by adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT), to its active nucleotide form.	Adenine	33-40	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	124-157
19478948-6	2009	In MTAP-positive cells, abundant adenine, generated from supplied MTA, competitively blocks the conversion of an analog, by adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT), to its active nucleotide form.	Adenine	33-40	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	159-163
19478948-8	2009	PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We show that this combination treatment--adenine analog plus MTA--kills MTAP-negative A549 lung tumor cells, while MTAP-positive human fibroblasts (HF) are protected.	Adenine	61-68	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	92-96
19478948-8	2009	PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We show that this combination treatment--adenine analog plus MTA--kills MTAP-negative A549 lung tumor cells, while MTAP-positive human fibroblasts (HF) are protected.	Adenine	61-68	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	135-139
19478948-11	2009	Though neither analog is activated by APRT, in MTAP-positive cells, adenine produced from supplied MTA blocks conversion of 5-FU and 6-TG to their toxic nucleotide forms by competing for 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP).	Adenine	68-75	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	38-42
19362833-3	2009	The introduction of small groups at the 2-position of the adenine moiety favors DNMT1 over DNMT3b2 inhibition whereas alkylation of the N(6)-amino moiety favors the inhibition of DNMT3b2 enzyme.	Adenine	58-65	DNA methyltransferase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	91-97
19188081-11	2009	Secondarily, a hypothesis is developed for why the V/eta-class might preferentially do cellular dATP insertion opposite [+ta]-B[a]P-N(2)-dG: the small chimney forces adduct-dG lower in the active site, possibly leading to catalysis using a non-canonical dNTP shape that permits syn-adenine:adduct-dG base pairing.	Adenine	282-289	endothelin receptor type A	Homo sapiens	53-56
19125404-6	2009	Additional variability in brain-expressed Tcf7l2 is generated by a length polymorphism of expressed mRNAs in a stretch of normally nine adenines found at the beginning of exon 18, reminiscent of variability observed at the same site in cancers with microsatellite instability.	Adenine	136-144	transcription factor 7 like 2, T cell specific, HMG box	Mus musculus	42-48
19190677-0	2009	Fully phosphorylated fetuin-A forms a mineral complex in the serum of rats with adenine-induced renal failure.	Adenine	80-87	alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	21-29
19364139-5	2009	Adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRTase) and pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) convert adenine to ATP for quantitation by firefly luciferase.	Adenine	97-104	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-34
19364139-5	2009	Adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRTase) and pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) convert adenine to ATP for quantitation by firefly luciferase.	Adenine	97-104	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	36-43
19033861-5	2009	Twenty-six nodal nevi from 26 patients were evaluated for the thymine (T)--&gt;adenine (A) missense mutation at nucleotide 1796 of the BRAF gene using the LigAmp assay, which can detect 1 mutant allele among 10,000 wild-type alleles.	Adenine	79-86	B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	135-139
19129257-5	2009	We now show that KSRP-PTH mRNA binding is decreased in parathyroids from rats with adenine-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) where PTH mRNA is more stable.	Adenine	83-90	KH-type splicing regulatory protein	Rattus norvegicus	17-21
19129257-5	2009	We now show that KSRP-PTH mRNA binding is decreased in parathyroids from rats with adenine-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) where PTH mRNA is more stable.	Adenine	83-90	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	22-25
19129257-5	2009	We now show that KSRP-PTH mRNA binding is decreased in parathyroids from rats with adenine-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) where PTH mRNA is more stable.	Adenine	83-90	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	134-137
18524423-0	2009	Design, synthesis and characterization of N9/N7-substituted 6-aminopurines as VEGF-R and EGF-R inhibitors.	Adenine	60-74	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	78-82
18940019-3	2009	Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the interleukin-18 gene at positions -607 (cytosine/adenine) and -137 (guanine/cytosine) were analysed by sequence-specific polymerase chain reaction.	Adenine	87-94	interleukin 18	Homo sapiens	39-53
19817279-5	2009	Our patient was found homozygous for a mutation, 242insA, in the nucleic acid sequence of exon B, with insertion of an adenine introducing a stop codon at codon 52 in the high-affinity thiamine transporter gene, SLC19A2, on chromosome 1q23.3.	Adenine	119-126	solute carrier family 19 member 2	Homo sapiens	171-205
19817279-5	2009	Our patient was found homozygous for a mutation, 242insA, in the nucleic acid sequence of exon B, with insertion of an adenine introducing a stop codon at codon 52 in the high-affinity thiamine transporter gene, SLC19A2, on chromosome 1q23.3.	Adenine	119-126	solute carrier family 19 member 2	Homo sapiens	212-219
19249293-5	2009	In addition, crystal structure of the AtMTAN2 enzyme in complex with, adenine was determined at 2.9A resolution.	Adenine	70-77	Phosphorylase superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	38-45
19404339-5	2009	The 3"-UTR ADAMTS1 mRNA contains multiple adenine and uridine-rich elements, suggesting that the 3"-UTR may regulate gene stability.	Adenine	42-49	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 1	Homo sapiens	11-18
19264908-1	2009	This study aimed to elucidate the role of L-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) in renal tubulointerstitial injury using a mouse adenine-induced renal injury model.	Adenine	134-141	fatty acid binding protein 1, liver	Mus musculus	42-75
19264908-1	2009	This study aimed to elucidate the role of L-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) in renal tubulointerstitial injury using a mouse adenine-induced renal injury model.	Adenine	134-141	fatty acid binding protein 1, liver	Mus musculus	77-83
19264908-6	2009	On the other hand, urinary levels and renal expression of L-FABP in the adenine group was significantly increased and attenuated by treatment with either allopurinol or Y-700.	Adenine	72-79	fatty acid binding protein 1, liver	Mus musculus	58-64
19264908-9	2009	In conclusion, we demonstrated that urinary L-FABP levels can be used to monitor both dynamics and drug responses in a mouse adenine-induced tubulointerstitial injury model.	Adenine	125-132	fatty acid binding protein 1, liver	Mus musculus	44-50
19356711-0	2009	Something old, something new, something borrowed ... Two mammalian mitochondrial transcription factors (TFB1M and TFB2M) share homology with universally expressed dimethyltransferases that modify conserved adenines in the small ribosomal subunit rRNA.	Adenine	206-214	transcription factor B1, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	104-109
19356711-0	2009	Something old, something new, something borrowed ... Two mammalian mitochondrial transcription factors (TFB1M and TFB2M) share homology with universally expressed dimethyltransferases that modify conserved adenines in the small ribosomal subunit rRNA.	Adenine	206-214	transcription factor B2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	114-119
19356719-4	2009	Disruption of Tfb1m in heart leads to complete loss of adenine dimethylation of the rRNA of the small mitochondrial ribosomal subunit, impaired assembly of the mitochondrial ribosome, and abolished mitochondrial translation.	Adenine	55-62	transcription factor B1, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	14-19
18524423-0	2009	Design, synthesis and characterization of N9/N7-substituted 6-aminopurines as VEGF-R and EGF-R inhibitors.	Adenine	60-74	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	79-84
18524423-1	2009	In this study we report on the design, synthesis and biological characterization of novel N(9) or N(7) arylethanone-substituted 6-aminopurines and 6-methoxypurines, respectively, as EGF-R and VEGF-R inhibitors.	Adenine	128-142	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	182-187
18524423-1	2009	In this study we report on the design, synthesis and biological characterization of novel N(9) or N(7) arylethanone-substituted 6-aminopurines and 6-methoxypurines, respectively, as EGF-R and VEGF-R inhibitors.	Adenine	128-142	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	192-196
19300419-4	2009	MUTYH gene encodes a DNA glycosylase that can initiate the base excision repair (BER) pathway and prevent G:C > T:A transversion by excising adenine mispaired with 8-hydroxyguanine produced by reactive oxygen species (ROS).	Adenine	141-148	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	0-5
19138659-1	2009	Ricin is a potent heterodimeric cytotoxin; the B chain binds eucaryotic cell surfaces aiding uptake and the A chain, RTA, reaches the cytoplasm where it enzymatically depurinates a key ribosomal adenine, inhibiting protein synthesis.	Adenine	195-202	MAS related GPR family member F	Homo sapiens	117-120
19220293-7	2009	Nanomolar levels of ATP and adenosine also revealed a hump at the base of the dose-response relationships, although GTP did not activate at any concentration, indicating a common, high-affinity binding site on RyR2 for adenine-based compounds.	Adenine	219-226	RYR2	Ovis aries	210-214
19301602-2	2009	She had a mitochondrial DNA point mutation from guanine to adenine at nucleotide position 11778 and developed ataxic gait within 2 years after the onset of bilateral visual loss.	Adenine	59-66	Src homology 2 domain containing E	Homo sapiens	0-3
19578626-1	2009	A point mutation from guanine (G) to adenine (A) at nucleotide position 1081 in the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene has been associated with neurovirulence of Urabe AM9 mumps virus vaccine.	Adenine	37-44	hemagglutinin-neuraminidase	Mumps orthorubulavirus	84-111
19578626-1	2009	A point mutation from guanine (G) to adenine (A) at nucleotide position 1081 in the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene has been associated with neurovirulence of Urabe AM9 mumps virus vaccine.	Adenine	37-44	hemagglutinin-neuraminidase	Mumps orthorubulavirus	113-115
19124731-0	2009	Modified adenine (9-benzyl-2-butoxy-8-hydroxyadenine) redirects Th2-mediated murine lung inflammation by triggering TLR7.	Adenine	9-16	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	64-67
19124731-10	2009	In conclusion, critical substitutions in the adenine backbone creates a novel synthetic TLR7 ligand that shows the ability to ameliorate Th2-mediated airway inflammation by a complex mechanism, involving Th1 redirection and cytokine-mediated regulation, which prevents autoreactivity.	Adenine	45-52	toll-like receptor 7	Mus musculus	88-92
19124731-0	2009	Modified adenine (9-benzyl-2-butoxy-8-hydroxyadenine) redirects Th2-mediated murine lung inflammation by triggering TLR7.	Adenine	9-16	toll-like receptor 7	Mus musculus	116-120
19124731-10	2009	In conclusion, critical substitutions in the adenine backbone creates a novel synthetic TLR7 ligand that shows the ability to ameliorate Th2-mediated airway inflammation by a complex mechanism, involving Th1 redirection and cytokine-mediated regulation, which prevents autoreactivity.	Adenine	45-52	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	137-140
18945225-4	2009	Therefore, we determined whether the ADE can be observed in C57BL/6J mice using operant self-administration procedures and if expression of the ADE is modulated by the corticotropin releasing factor-1 (CRF-1) receptor.	Adenine	144-147	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1	Mus musculus	202-217
19124731-10	2009	In conclusion, critical substitutions in the adenine backbone creates a novel synthetic TLR7 ligand that shows the ability to ameliorate Th2-mediated airway inflammation by a complex mechanism, involving Th1 redirection and cytokine-mediated regulation, which prevents autoreactivity.	Adenine	45-52	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	204-207
18945225-17	2009	CONCLUSIONS: The ADE in C57BL/6J mice can be modeled using the operant self-administration paradigm and increased ethanol self-administration associated with the ADE is modulated by CRF-1 receptor signaling.	Adenine	17-20	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1	Mus musculus	182-196
18945225-17	2009	CONCLUSIONS: The ADE in C57BL/6J mice can be modeled using the operant self-administration paradigm and increased ethanol self-administration associated with the ADE is modulated by CRF-1 receptor signaling.	Adenine	162-165	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1	Mus musculus	182-196
19377526-2	2009	New polymethylene derivatives of nucleic bases with a beta-diketo function in the omega-position were obtained by alkylation of uracil, thymine, cytosine, hypoxanthine, adenine, and N(2)-isobutyryl guanine with 2-omega-chloroal-kanoyl)cyclohexanones.	Adenine	169-176	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	52-58
19474479-5	2009	Regarding progression to ADE, the data fit was improved when the model also included the %CD4 (Akaike"s information criteria [AIC] 2,049) and, to a lesser extent, the CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratio (AIC 2,053), in addition to CD4+ T-cell count and VL (AIC 2,056).	Adenine	25-28	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	90-93
19474479-7	2009	The %CD4 was also significantly associated with the risk of serious ADE.	Adenine	68-71	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	5-8
19114962-4	2009	RESULTS: The frequencies of the CYP5A1*9 mutant (substitution of guanine by adenine near the heme-binding catalytic domain) and of the wild-type allele were 0.197 and 0.803, respectively; they did not differ significantly between stroke patients and controls.	Adenine	76-83	thromboxane A synthase 1	Homo sapiens	32-38
19054068-3	2009	From a randomized RNA pool of hairpin ribozymes, using the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment, we have obtained an adenine-dependent hairpin ribozyme, Tpl2/Cot (tumour progression locus 2) ribozyme, which cleaves the Tpl2/Cot kinase mRNA sequence at nucleotides A225/G226 relative to the start codon of translation.	Adenine	138-145	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 8	Homo sapiens	174-178
19054068-3	2009	From a randomized RNA pool of hairpin ribozymes, using the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment, we have obtained an adenine-dependent hairpin ribozyme, Tpl2/Cot (tumour progression locus 2) ribozyme, which cleaves the Tpl2/Cot kinase mRNA sequence at nucleotides A225/G226 relative to the start codon of translation.	Adenine	138-145	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 8	Homo sapiens	179-182
19054068-3	2009	From a randomized RNA pool of hairpin ribozymes, using the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment, we have obtained an adenine-dependent hairpin ribozyme, Tpl2/Cot (tumour progression locus 2) ribozyme, which cleaves the Tpl2/Cot kinase mRNA sequence at nucleotides A225/G226 relative to the start codon of translation.	Adenine	138-145	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 8	Homo sapiens	240-244
19054068-3	2009	From a randomized RNA pool of hairpin ribozymes, using the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment, we have obtained an adenine-dependent hairpin ribozyme, Tpl2/Cot (tumour progression locus 2) ribozyme, which cleaves the Tpl2/Cot kinase mRNA sequence at nucleotides A225/G226 relative to the start codon of translation.	Adenine	138-145	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 8	Homo sapiens	245-248
18555557-1	2009	Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) is involved in the metabolism of purines and converts methylthioadenosine (MTA) to adenine.	Adenine	124-131	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	0-33
18555557-1	2009	Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) is involved in the metabolism of purines and converts methylthioadenosine (MTA) to adenine.	Adenine	124-131	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	35-39
19225907-2	2009	The ODC gene contains a single nucleotide polymorphism in which a guanine is substituted for an adenine.	Adenine	96-103	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	4-7
19195260-13	2009	Hetaerazygote deletion of adenine in the position 209 in the first exon (209del A) was identificated in the patient DRD-3 with negative family anamnesis, in who in the age of ten the torsion of the foot inside occured for the first time following by trembling of both the left and right legs at rest; after a few years, tremor of hands also appeared, which became worse in stressful situations.	Adenine	26-33	dopamine receptor D3	Homo sapiens	116-121
20877800-4	2009	Clearly, the rapid formation of adenine by aqueous polymerization of HCN is one of the key discoveries in these experiments.	Adenine	32-39	metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1	Homo sapiens	69-72
19513679-5	2009	Knockdown of MUTYH which excises adenine opposite 8-oxoG in DNA prevents degradation of mitochondrial DNA and activation of calpain, thus suppressing the cell death induced by menadione.	Adenine	33-40	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	13-18
18673302-6	2008	ADA1, however, showed a different reaction mechanism to that of the yeast enzymes, hydrolysing the compounds to an adenine derivative and a side chain alcohol.	Adenine	115-122	Hfi1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-4
19367910-0	2008	The amino group in adenine: MP2 and CCSD(T) complete basis set limit calculations of the planarization barrier and DFT/B3LYP study of the anharmonic frequencies of adenine.	Adenine	19-26	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	28-31
19367910-3	2008	Ab initio MP2 and density functional B3LYP methods with various basis sets have been used to calculate the optimized structure and the infrared spectrum of adenine (the N9-H tautomer).	Adenine	156-163	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	10-13
19367910-5	2008	MP2 complete basis set (CBS) limit method with the aug-cc-pVTZ --&gt; aug-cc-pVQZ (aTZ --&gt; aQZ) extrapolation scheme has predicted very small planarization barrier of adenine, 0.015 kcal/mol, which is in very good agreement with the MP2-predicted planarization barrier of 0.020 kcal/mol, reported by S. Wang and H. F. Schaefer III, J. Chem.	Adenine	170-177	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
19367910-5	2008	MP2 complete basis set (CBS) limit method with the aug-cc-pVTZ --&gt; aug-cc-pVQZ (aTZ --&gt; aQZ) extrapolation scheme has predicted very small planarization barrier of adenine, 0.015 kcal/mol, which is in very good agreement with the MP2-predicted planarization barrier of 0.020 kcal/mol, reported by S. Wang and H. F. Schaefer III, J. Chem.	Adenine	170-177	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	236-239
19133041-1	2008	BACKGROUND: The guanine to adenine transition at position -308 nucleotides in the tumour necrosis factor promoter region (TNF -308A) is a putative genetic risk factor for pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (PE/E).	Adenine	27-34	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	122-125
19133041-1	2008	BACKGROUND: The guanine to adenine transition at position -308 nucleotides in the tumour necrosis factor promoter region (TNF -308A) is a putative genetic risk factor for pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (PE/E).	Adenine	27-34	pregnancy-induced hypertension (pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, toxemia of pregnancy included)	Homo sapiens	196-200
19227423-5	2008	Genetic analysis of the mother and the patient yielded a mutation in the THRbeta gene, A317T, due to a base pair substitution of an adenine for a guanine.	Adenine	132-139	thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens	73-80
19169479-7	2008	The sequencing of GHR exon 5 disclosed adenine duplication at nucleotide 338 of GHR coding sequence (c.338dupA) in homozygous state.	Adenine	39-46	growth hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	18-21
19169479-7	2008	The sequencing of GHR exon 5 disclosed adenine duplication at nucleotide 338 of GHR coding sequence (c.338dupA) in homozygous state.	Adenine	39-46	growth hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	80-83
18829716-5	2008	The flipped thymine is in the usual anti conformation, but the flipped adenine takes the normally unfavorable syn conformation.	Adenine	71-78	synemin	Homo sapiens	110-113
18789404-3	2008	This work investigates the DNA repair activity of Spo TDG on all four deaminated bases: xanthine (X) and oxanine (O) from guanine, hypoxanthine (I) from adenine, and uracil from cytosine.	Adenine	153-160	thymine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	54-57
19350166-14	2008	CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of death and ADE during the first year of HAART was significantly higher in patients with aBL CD4 &lt;100, but no statistically significant difference was observed from BL CD4 &gt;100 upwards.	Adenine	41-44	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	122-125
18949782-7	2008	Sequencing of his Cx32 (GJB1) gene identified a guanine-to-adenine (G>A) transition at nucleotide position 95.	Adenine	59-66	gap junction protein beta 1	Homo sapiens	18-22
18949782-7	2008	Sequencing of his Cx32 (GJB1) gene identified a guanine-to-adenine (G>A) transition at nucleotide position 95.	Adenine	59-66	gap junction protein beta 1	Homo sapiens	24-28
18931375-0	2008	The N-clasp of human DNA polymerase kappa promotes blockage or error-free bypass of adenine- or guanine-benzo[a]pyrenyl lesions.	Adenine	84-91	DNA polymerase kappa	Homo sapiens	21-41
18931375-3	2008	As model systems, we investigated the molecular basis of the experimentally observed essentially faithful bypass of the guanine 10S-(+)-trans-anti-benzo[a]pyrene-N(2)-dG adduct by the Y-family human DNA polymerase kappa, and the observed blockage of pol kappa produced by the adenine 10S-(+)-trans-anti-benzo[a]pyrene-N(2)-dA adduct.	Adenine	276-283	DNA polymerase kappa	Homo sapiens	199-219
18675860-7	2008	The inhibition exerted by HPP against XOR activity could provoke either (i) an increased adenine and guanine nucleotide pool, which could facilitate viral RNA synthesis or (ii) it could cause changes in IAA/auxin levels, which has been proposed to influence TMV susceptibility in tobacco.	Adenine	89-96	familial progressive hyperpigmentation 1	Homo sapiens	26-29
18508830-2	2008	A nucleotide substitution of an adenine instead of a guanine (G-6A) in the proximal promoter region of angiotensinogen (AGT), the precursor of angiotensin II, has been associated with an increased gene transcription rate.	Adenine	32-39	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	103-118
26620179-2	2008	The energies of dimers with the strongest interactions were further studied at the CCSD(T)/CBS level of theory, which suggests that the T-shaped interactions in adenine dimers are very strong (up to -35 kJ mol(-1)).	Adenine	161-168	cystathionine beta-synthase	Homo sapiens	91-94
18940732-3	2008	Isolation of Hex(+)Cxcr4(+) differentiating ESCs yielded a population expressing ADE markers that both can be expanded and is competent to undergo differentiation toward liver and pancreatic fates.	Adenine	81-84	hematopoietically expressed homeobox	Homo sapiens	13-16
18940732-3	2008	Isolation of Hex(+)Cxcr4(+) differentiating ESCs yielded a population expressing ADE markers that both can be expanded and is competent to undergo differentiation toward liver and pancreatic fates.	Adenine	81-84	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4	Homo sapiens	19-24
18940732-4	2008	Hex reporter ESCs were also used to define conditions for ADE specification in serum-free adherent culture and revealed an unexpected role for FGF signaling in the generation of ADE.	Adenine	58-61	hematopoietically expressed homeobox	Homo sapiens	0-3
18940732-4	2008	Hex reporter ESCs were also used to define conditions for ADE specification in serum-free adherent culture and revealed an unexpected role for FGF signaling in the generation of ADE.	Adenine	178-181	hematopoietically expressed homeobox	Homo sapiens	0-3
18628520-4	2008	Recent association studies have failed to corroborate findings that polymorphisms in the genes encoding H6PDH (R453Q) and 11beta-HSD1 (Intron 3 inserted adenine) interact to cause CRD.	Adenine	153-160	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	122-133
18508830-2	2008	A nucleotide substitution of an adenine instead of a guanine (G-6A) in the proximal promoter region of angiotensinogen (AGT), the precursor of angiotensin II, has been associated with an increased gene transcription rate.	Adenine	32-39	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	120-123
18508830-2	2008	A nucleotide substitution of an adenine instead of a guanine (G-6A) in the proximal promoter region of angiotensinogen (AGT), the precursor of angiotensin II, has been associated with an increased gene transcription rate.	Adenine	32-39	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	143-157
18570882-6	2008	All Gua/Cyt-to-Cyt/Gua substitutions in the 28-set samples tested, which are 1 to 10 bases away from the nearest Thy/Ade, were successfully detected by designing DNA fragments of the appropriate length.	Adenine	117-120	DExD-box helicase 21	Homo sapiens	4-7
18772187-3	2008	(i) Incubation of intact tuber slices with ATP led to the formation of ADP, AMP, adenosine, adenine and ribose, indicating operation of apyrase, 5"-nucleotidase and nucleosidase.	Adenine	92-99	apyrase	Solanum tuberosum	136-143
18797411-9	2008	RESULTS: The TNFalpha-308 polymorphism showed an increased frequency of guanine (G)/adenine (A) genotype in RA versus HS (P = 0.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-8.08; odds ratio, 2.9) and also the A allele was more frequent in RA patients versus HS (P = 0.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-7.29; odds ratio, 2.7).	Adenine	84-91	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	13-21
18570882-6	2008	All Gua/Cyt-to-Cyt/Gua substitutions in the 28-set samples tested, which are 1 to 10 bases away from the nearest Thy/Ade, were successfully detected by designing DNA fragments of the appropriate length.	Adenine	117-120	DExD-box helicase 21	Homo sapiens	19-22
18721750-4	2008	In addition to this rare nitrile hydratase, the cluster encodes a GTP cyclohydrolase I, linking the biosynthesis of deazapurines to folate biosynthesis, and a set of purine salvage/biosynthesis genes, which presumably convert the guanine moiety from GTP to the adenine-like deazapurine base found in toyocamycin and sangivamycin.	Adenine	261-268	DF17_RS03565	Streptomyces rimosus	66-86
18582977-5	2008	The DEV UL5 gene has a base composition of 769 adenine (29.95%), 556 cytosine (21.65%), 533 guanine (20.76%) and 710 thymine (27.65%).	Adenine	47-54	UL5	Anatid alphaherpesvirus 1	8-11
18788921-5	2008	RESULTS: Direct sequencing of the NKX2.1 gene showed, in all the affected, a new heterozygous mutation from cytosine to adenine in the second base of the triplet encoding for the amino acid at position 145.	Adenine	120-127	NK2 homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	34-40
19173905-6	2008	In the CdCl2-induced tumorigenic cells in nude mice, there was adenine (A) deletion in 1st site of ERCC1 exon 4.	Adenine	63-70	excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair deficiency, complementation group 1	Mus musculus	99-104
18549808-6	2008	The crystal structure shows that EHNA binds to the open form through a novel recognition of the adenine base accompanying conformational change from the closed form of the PR-ADA complex in crystalline state.	Adenine	96-103	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	175-178
18652488-6	2008	Adenine pairing occurred only in the presence of human ORC4, in a neutral buffer supplemented with ATP and Mg (2+) ions.	Adenine	0-7	origin recognition complex subunit 4	Homo sapiens	55-59
18615253-5	2008	The polymorphism at position -308, which involves substituting guanine (G) for adenine (A) (TNFA-308 G/A) has been linked to increased susceptibility to several chronic inflammatory diseases.	Adenine	79-86	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	92-96
18583139-4	2008	However, the bis(sulfonamide) analogues 6 and 8 substituted at the position 2 of adenine were approximately 3- to 10-fold less potent inhibitors of IMPDH2 (K(i)=0.3-0.4 microM) than the corresponding parent bis(phosphonate)s 2 and 3 (K(i)=0.04-0.11 microM), respectively.	Adenine	81-88	inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase 2	Homo sapiens	148-154
18492762-8	2008	RESULTS: The molecular studies demonstrated the presence of an adenine heterozygous insertion (InsA1347) in the MC2R gene (G217fs) in the patient.	Adenine	63-70	melanocortin 2 receptor	Homo sapiens	112-116
18385169-1	2008	Genetic association studies have related the tumour necrosis factor-alpha gene (TNFA) guanine to adenine substitution of nucleotide -308 (-308G&gt;A) polymorphism to increased risk of asthma, but results are inconsistent.	Adenine	97-104	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	80-84
18385169-10	2008	A meta-analysis of 17 studies showed an increased asthma risk for the TNFA -308 adenine allele.	Adenine	80-87	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	70-74
18653536-2	2008	We have dissected the direct and indirect components of DNA recognition by CRP employing in vitro selection of a random library of DNA-binding sites containing inosine (I) and 2,6-diaminopurine (D) instead of guanine and adenine, respectively.	Adenine	221-228	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	75-78
18477562-12	2008	In contrast, the adenine base is specifically recognized by the PDE10A GAF-B domain in a unique manner, through residues in the beta1 and beta2 strands.	Adenine	17-24	phosphodiesterase 10A	Homo sapiens	64-70
18524768-5	2008	Our results indicate that SV2A and SV2B bind nucleotides, with the highest affinity for adenine-containing nucleotides.	Adenine	88-95	synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A	Homo sapiens	26-30
18524768-5	2008	Our results indicate that SV2A and SV2B bind nucleotides, with the highest affinity for adenine-containing nucleotides.	Adenine	88-95	synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2B	Homo sapiens	35-39
18477562-12	2008	In contrast, the adenine base is specifically recognized by the PDE10A GAF-B domain in a unique manner, through residues in the beta1 and beta2 strands.	Adenine	17-24	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	128-133
18477562-12	2008	In contrast, the adenine base is specifically recognized by the PDE10A GAF-B domain in a unique manner, through residues in the beta1 and beta2 strands.	Adenine	17-24	tubulin beta 4B class IVb	Homo sapiens	138-143
18399692-3	2008	The recombinant human adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (hAPRT) structure was resolved in the presence of AMP in the active site to 1.76 A resolution and with the substrates PRPP and adenine simultaneously bound to the catalytic site to 1.83 A resolution.	Adenine	22-29	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	57-62
18830889-1	2008	Saporin, a type I ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP), removes an adenine residue from the 28S ribosomal RNA as part of a process that leads to inhibition of protein synthesis.	Adenine	66-73	receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	49-52
18464041-1	2008	Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) is the key enzyme that converts adenine to adenosine monophosphate (AMP) in the purine salvage pathway.	Adenine	73-80	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Zea mays	0-33
18464041-1	2008	Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) is the key enzyme that converts adenine to adenosine monophosphate (AMP) in the purine salvage pathway.	Adenine	73-80	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Zea mays	35-39
19137104-3	2008	Here we describe selective covalent coupling of proteins or other molecules to the 3"-adenine overhang of unlabeled and fluorophore-labeled double-stranded polymerase chain reaction products putatively at the N6 position of adenine using 2.5% glutaraldehyde at pH 6.0 and 4 degrees C for at least 16 h. Gel mobility shift analyses and fluorescence analyses of the shifted bands supported conjugate formation between double-stranded polymerase chain reaction products and beta2-microglobulin.	Adenine	86-93	beta-2-microglobulin	Homo sapiens	471-490
27303160-6	2008	RESULTS: At post-operation day 3, 7 and 14, the clinical wound healing rate was 38.3%, 59.4% and 92.1%, respectively, in the Ade-COMP-Ang 1-treated group, compared with 20.5%, 47.5% and 87.3%, respectively, in the Ade-LacZ-treated group.	Adenine	125-128	angiopoietin 1	Rattus norvegicus	134-139
27303160-8	2008	Histopathologically, the number of the vessels of the Ade-COMP-Ang 1-treated group was 73.7, 94.1 and 62.7 at day 3, 7 and 14, compared with that of the Ade-LacZ-treated group, 53.5, 83.9, and 56.9.	Adenine	54-57	angiopoietin 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-68
18391101-4	2008	A guanine-to-adenine polymorphism in the CYP4F2 gene was associated with a reduction in 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid production in vitro.	Adenine	13-20	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 2	Homo sapiens	41-47
18464996-4	2008	Precipitation of adenine was increased by salts (NaCl and NaF) whereas it was prevented by DMSO, in agreement with the involvement of hydrophobic interactions (pi-pi stacking) in the vertical stacking of adenine molecules.	Adenine	17-24	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	58-61
18174266-9	2008	Hepcidin mRNA expression was greater in adenine rats than in control rats.	Adenine	40-47	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
18288101-3	2008	TNAP activity increased twofold in intact aortas and in aortic homogenates from rats made uremic by feeding adenine or by 5/6 nephrectomy.	Adenine	108-115	alkaline phosphatase, biomineralization associated	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
18544915-0	2008	Functional analysis of transcriptional activity of cytosine and adenine (CA) repeats polymorphism in the estrogen receptor beta gene.	Adenine	64-71	estrogen receptor 2	Homo sapiens	105-127
18544915-1	2008	Cytosine and adenine (CA) repeats polymorphism (D14S1026) iterating "cytosine and adenine" nucleotide motifs is one of the genomic microsatellites in intron 5 of the estrogen receptor beta (ER beta) gene (14q22-24).	Adenine	13-20	estrogen receptor 2	Homo sapiens	166-188
18544915-1	2008	Cytosine and adenine (CA) repeats polymorphism (D14S1026) iterating "cytosine and adenine" nucleotide motifs is one of the genomic microsatellites in intron 5 of the estrogen receptor beta (ER beta) gene (14q22-24).	Adenine	13-20	estrogen receptor 2	Homo sapiens	190-197
18358491-1	2008	Shiga-like toxin 1 (SLT-1) is a type II ribosome-inactivating protein; its A(1) domain blocks protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells by catalyzing the depurination of a single adenine base in 28 S rRNA.	Adenine	175-182	unconventional SNARE in the ER 1	Homo sapiens	0-18
18358491-1	2008	Shiga-like toxin 1 (SLT-1) is a type II ribosome-inactivating protein; its A(1) domain blocks protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells by catalyzing the depurination of a single adenine base in 28 S rRNA.	Adenine	175-182	unconventional SNARE in the ER 1	Homo sapiens	20-25
18237276-1	2008	MTAP (5"-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase) catalyses the reversible phosphorolytic cleavage of methylthioadenosine leading to the production of methylthioribose-1-phosphate and adenine.	Adenine	178-185	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	0-4
18281288-2	2008	A cytosine to adenine transversion in the mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (mt-ND2, human; mt-Nd2, mouse) gene results in resistance against type 1 diabetes and several additional ROS-associated conditions.	Adenine	14-21	mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 2	Homo sapiens	66-94
18281288-2	2008	A cytosine to adenine transversion in the mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (mt-ND2, human; mt-Nd2, mouse) gene results in resistance against type 1 diabetes and several additional ROS-associated conditions.	Adenine	14-21	mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 2	Homo sapiens	96-102
18281288-2	2008	A cytosine to adenine transversion in the mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (mt-ND2, human; mt-Nd2, mouse) gene results in resistance against type 1 diabetes and several additional ROS-associated conditions.	Adenine	14-21	mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 2	Homo sapiens	111-117
18281288-3	2008	Our previous studies have demonstrated that the adenine-containing allele (mt-Nd2(a)) is also strongly associated with resistance against type 1 diabetes in mice.	Adenine	48-55	NADH dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	75-81
18258604-2	2008	The most frequent mutagenic base lesion 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine and the resulting mismatched adenine are removed by OGG1 and MYH in mammals.	Adenine	94-101	8-oxoguanine DNA-glycosylase 1	Mus musculus	117-121
18258604-2	2008	The most frequent mutagenic base lesion 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine and the resulting mismatched adenine are removed by OGG1 and MYH in mammals.	Adenine	94-101	mutY DNA glycosylase	Mus musculus	126-129
18344228-6	2008	Interestingly, the 5" nucleotide of small RNAs that associated with AGO2 was mainly adenine (85.7%) and that with AGO5 was mainly cytosine (83.5%).	Adenine	84-91	Argonaute family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	68-72
18205184-3	2008	METHODS: One hundred twenty-two patients with pancreatic cancer and 331 age- and sex-matched controls were analyzed for polymorphisms of the MPO - guanine 463 adenine (-G463A) and the SOD2 alanine (Ala)-to-valine (Val) polymorphism at codon 16 (Ala16Val) genes.	Adenine	159-166	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	141-144
18222119-4	2008	Here we report that APEX1 efficiently stimulates OGG1 on good substrates (8-oxoadenine, 8-oxoinosine, or 6-methoxy-8-oxoguanine opposite to cytosine) but the stimulation is low or absent with poor OGG1 substrates (8-oxoadenine or 8-oxoinosine opposite to thymine; 8-oxoG or 8-aminoguanine opposite to adenine; 8-oxonebularine, 8-metoxyguanine, inosine or guanine opposite to cytosine).	Adenine	79-86	apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1	Homo sapiens	20-25
18222119-4	2008	Here we report that APEX1 efficiently stimulates OGG1 on good substrates (8-oxoadenine, 8-oxoinosine, or 6-methoxy-8-oxoguanine opposite to cytosine) but the stimulation is low or absent with poor OGG1 substrates (8-oxoadenine or 8-oxoinosine opposite to thymine; 8-oxoG or 8-aminoguanine opposite to adenine; 8-oxonebularine, 8-metoxyguanine, inosine or guanine opposite to cytosine).	Adenine	79-86	8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	49-53
18271935-1	2008	The MUTYH gene encodes a DNA glycosylase that can initiate the base excision repair pathway and prevent G:C &gt; T:A transversion by excising adenine mispaired with 8-hydroxyguanine.	Adenine	142-149	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	4-9
18302315-3	2008	Here, we show that a single guanine-to-adenine transition in cca1-1 generates the temperature-sensitive phenotype.	Adenine	39-46	tRNA adenylyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	61-65
18473810-4	2008	Several pieces of evidence implicate Src family kinases in cancer development, as a consequence of changes in protein expression and/or kinase activity, and have prompted the design of potent specific inhibitors, the most common of which are adenine mimetics, as tools of relevant clinical interest for the treatment of both solid tumours and leukaemias.	Adenine	242-249	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	37-40
18234909-5	2008	Adenine scanning mutagenesis revealed the presence of a non-canonical ERRalpha response element in this minimal promoter.	Adenine	0-7	estrogen related receptor, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	70-78
18025089-3	2008	The affinity of hAPE binding toward DNA increased as much as 6-fold after replacing a single adenine (equilibrium dissociation constant, K(D), 5.3 nm) with an AP site (K(D), 0.87 nm).	Adenine	93-100	apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1	Homo sapiens	16-20
18171266-8	2008	Among patients with CD4(+) cell count &lt;50 cells/mm(3), the risk of a new ADE was 22% lower in patients who continued to receive a failing cART regimen than in patients who stopped treatment with cART.	Adenine	76-79	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	20-23
17989353-0	2008	Impact of targeting the adenine- and uracil-rich element of bcl-2 mRNA with oligoribonucleotides on apoptosis, cell cycle, and neuronal differentiation in SHSY-5Y cells.	Adenine	24-31	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	60-65
18383921-5	2008	The effects of stobadine, theophylline and adenine derivatives on the activity of caspase 1 was investigated with the use of spectrophotometry.	Adenine	43-50	caspase 1	Homo sapiens	82-91
18923700-4	2008	At the same CD4 level, the risk of ADE was nearly 2 fold higher during naive follow-up compared to cART for CD4 &lt;500 cells/mm(3).	Adenine	35-38	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	12-15
18252705-6	2008	A similar increase in post-translational redox-activation of AGPase was found after supplying adenine to wild-type potato tuber discs to increase adenine nucleotide levels.	Adenine	94-101	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	61-67
18089746-5	2008	We showed that the efficiency of both the -2/+1 and -1/+2 frameshift events operating at the HCV-1 core codons 8-11 is significantly enhanced in the Huh-7/T7 cytoplasmic transcription system and is dependent on the presence of the consecutive adenine (A) residues within core codons 8-11.	Adenine	243-250	MIR7-3 host gene	Homo sapiens	149-154
18923700-8	2008	CONCLUSION: Within CD4 cell strata above 200 cells/mm(3), the risk of ADE before ART initiation is higher than it is following cART initiation.	Adenine	70-73	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	19-22
18078693-4	2007	Here, we demonstrate that the complement component C1q restricts ADE by anti-flavivirus IgG antibodies in an IgG subclass-specific manner in cell culture and in mice.	Adenine	65-68	complement component 1, q subcomponent, alpha polypeptide	Mus musculus	51-54
18027968-3	2007	However, high-level MP2 and QCISD calculations provide a contrary conclusion, that is the reaction pathways initiated by attack of adenine at the para C site of 4-biphenylylnitrenium ion are more feasible.	Adenine	131-138	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	20-23
18078693-5	2007	IgG subclasses that avidly bind C1q induced minimal ADE in the presence of C1q.	Adenine	52-55	complement C1q A chain	Homo sapiens	32-35
17764847-4	2007	From the kinetic behavior observed, these adenine-related compounds were assumed to inhibit UGT activity non-competitively without competing with either 4-MU or UDP-glucuronic acid.	Adenine	42-49	UDP glycosyltransferase 2 family, polypeptide B	Rattus norvegicus	92-95
18039602-2	2007	APRT is a salvage enzyme that normally catalyzes the conversion of adenine to adenosine monophosphate.	Adenine	67-74	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-4
18039602-3	2007	APRT deficiency results in adenine accumulation with oxidation by xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH; EC 1.1.1.204) to 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (2,8-DHA) then excreted in urine.	Adenine	27-34	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	90-93
17986339-2	2007	The ricin A-chain (RTA) acts enzymatically to cleave a specific adenine base from ribosomal RNA, thereby blocking translation.	Adenine	64-71	MAS related GPR family member F	Homo sapiens	19-22
17986339-6	2007	Using the observed fluorescence signal, we determined the thermodynamic changes of adenine binding to the RTA active site, as well as the site-specific binding of urea.	Adenine	83-90	MAS related GPR family member F	Homo sapiens	106-109
17986339-8	2007	The side-chain position of residue Tyr80 in a complex with adenine was found not to involve as large an overlap of rings with the purine as previously considered, suggesting a smaller role for aromatic stacking at the RTA active site.	Adenine	59-66	MAS related GPR family member F	Homo sapiens	218-221
18225653-4	2007	It is supposed that, during the formation of metallized A2I, Cd2+ ions form bridges between the adenine and hypoxanthine of its homopolynucleotide circuits, being arranged inside the triple helix.	Adenine	96-103	CD2 molecule	Homo sapiens	61-64
17976013-1	2007	Prokaryote DNA methyltransferases (MTases) of the Dam family (including those of bacteriophages T2 and T4) catalyze methyl group transfer from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet), producing S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (AdoHcy) and methylated adenine residues in palindromic GATC sequences.	Adenine	237-244	glutamyl-tRNA amidotransferase subunit C	Homo sapiens	269-273
17643826-6	2007	The adenine products secreted by glioma cells were first characterized; extracellular AMP was efficiently metabolized by the glioma culture, demonstrating a very active ecto-5"-NT/CD73.	Adenine	4-11	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	180-184
17880366-12	2007	At the mRNA level, adenine significantly downregulated serum testosterone, StAR, P450sc and 3beta-HSD.	Adenine	19-26	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Homo sapiens	75-79
17880366-12	2007	At the mRNA level, adenine significantly downregulated serum testosterone, StAR, P450sc and 3beta-HSD.	Adenine	19-26	hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 1	Homo sapiens	92-101
17880366-13	2007	In parallel, adenine also targeted the ET-1 system, significantly downregulating mRNA levels of prepro-ET-1, ECE and ET(A).	Adenine	13-20	endothelin converting enzyme 1	Homo sapiens	109-112
17880366-13	2007	In parallel, adenine also targeted the ET-1 system, significantly downregulating mRNA levels of prepro-ET-1, ECE and ET(A).	Adenine	13-20	endothelin receptor type A	Homo sapiens	117-122
17703868-4	2007	We have constructed an adenine-dependent hairpin ribozyme that cleaves the sequence at nucleotides A(225)(downward arrow)G(226) relative to the start codon of translation of the Tpl-2 kinase mRNA; this serine/threonine kinase activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway implicated in cell proliferation in breast cancer.	Adenine	23-30	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 8	Homo sapiens	178-183
17703868-8	2007	The resulting Tpl-2 ribozyme is active in cis cleavage: kinetic studies have been performed as a function of Mg2+ concentration, adenine concentration, as well as at different pH and with various cofactors.	Adenine	129-136	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 8	Homo sapiens	14-19
17893364-4	2007	The high-resolution structure of human ActRIIB kinase domain in complex with adenine establishes the conserved bilobal architecture consistent with all other catalytic kinase domains.	Adenine	77-84	activin A receptor type 2B	Homo sapiens	39-46
17709177-6	2007	RNase H and poly(A) test assays showed a reduction (P&lt;0.01) of approximately 80 adenines in the GLUT4 mRNA poly(A) tail of muscle from 12-mo rats, recognizing that the poly(A) tail length correlates with translation efficiency.	Adenine	83-91	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	99-104
17728165-3	2007	This predicted binding site is located within transmembrane helical domains (TMs) 3, 4, 5 and 6, with Asn residues in TM3 and TM4 identified as the key residues for adenine binding.	Adenine	165-172	tropomyosin 4	Rattus norvegicus	126-129
17728165-4	2007	Here the side chain of Asn88 (TM3) forms two pairs of hydrogen bonds with N3 and N9 of adenine while Asn146 (TM4) makes two pairs of hydrogen bonds with N1 and N6 of adenine.	Adenine	166-173	tropomyosin 4	Rattus norvegicus	109-112
17951429-2	2007	Thus, the HCN pentamer, adenine (a base present in DNA and RNA), was first isolated in abiogenic experiments from an aqueous solution of ammonia and HCN in 1960.	Adenine	24-31	metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1	Homo sapiens	10-13
17951429-2	2007	Thus, the HCN pentamer, adenine (a base present in DNA and RNA), was first isolated in abiogenic experiments from an aqueous solution of ammonia and HCN in 1960.	Adenine	24-31	metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1	Homo sapiens	149-152
17935376-1	2007	Calculations for the complex of thymine and adenine are used to show that the supermolecule second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) approach for evaluating interaction energies fails in certain cases because of the behavior of one of its components: the uncoupled Hartree-Fock dispersion energy.	Adenine	44-51	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	141-144
17572636-2	2007	Substitution of adenine for guanine at nucleotide 617 replaces an evolutionarily conserved arginine with histidine at residue 206 of ACVR1 in all classically affected individuals, making this one of the most highly conserved disease-causing mutations in the human genome.	Adenine	16-23	activin A receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	133-138
17853951-2	2007	AIM: To determine the association between apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) -75 guanine [G] to adenine [A] and +83/84 M2(+/-), MspI) and apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) (SstI) polymorphisms with gallstone disease.	Adenine	87-94	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	42-59
17853951-2	2007	AIM: To determine the association between apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) -75 guanine [G] to adenine [A] and +83/84 M2(+/-), MspI) and apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) (SstI) polymorphisms with gallstone disease.	Adenine	87-94	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	61-66
17853951-2	2007	AIM: To determine the association between apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) -75 guanine [G] to adenine [A] and +83/84 M2(+/-), MspI) and apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) (SstI) polymorphisms with gallstone disease.	Adenine	87-94	apolipoprotein C3	Homo sapiens	129-146
17655363-11	2007	We find that the N9-H of hypoxanthine is more acidic than that of adenine and guanine, pointing to a way that AAG could discriminate damaged bases from normal bases.	Adenine	66-73	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	110-113
17629753-0	2007	Investigation of the intermolecular proton transfer in the supersystems adenine-methanol/ethanol/i-propanol: MP2 and DFT levels study.	Adenine	72-79	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	109-112
17655363-12	2007	We hypothesize that AAG may cleave certain damaged nucleobases as anions and that the active site may take advantage of a nonpolar environment to favor deprotonated hypoxanthine as a leaving group versus deprotonated adenine or guanine.	Adenine	217-224	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	20-23
17520113-1	2007	A novel FRET based strategy for DNA sequence analysis utilising base-discriminating fluorescence (BDF) nucleoside, (Py)U/(2-Ant)U, as donor in the dual-labelled oligonucleotide probe is reported; a selective/specific emission from acceptor, was observed upon excitation at the donor, only when the opposite base of the "smart" fluorescently labeled BDF nucleoside, (Py)U/(2-Ant)U, is adenine on the complementary target sequence.	Adenine	384-391	solute carrier family 25 member 6	Homo sapiens	124-127
17431902-2	2007	In three families demonstrating HBD at this locus, mutation screening of TECTA led to the identification of three novel homozygous mutations: one frameshift mutation (266delT), a transversion of a cytosine to an adenine (5,211C &gt; A) leading to a stop codon, and a 9.6 kb deletion removing exon 10.	Adenine	212-219	tectorin alpha	Mus musculus	73-78
17638869-1	2007	MUTYH is a mammalian DNA glycosylase that initiates base excision repair by excising adenine opposite 8-oxoguanine and 2-hydroxyadenine opposite guanine, thereby preventing G:C to T:A transversion caused by oxidative stress.	Adenine	85-92	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	0-5
17560108-0	2007	New modifications to the area of pyrazole-naphthyl urea based p38 MAP kinase inhibitors that bind to the adenine/ATP site.	Adenine	105-112	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	62-65
17573544-5	2007	A significant but low-level association of Gcn5-myc and Snf2-myc with the ADE5,7 promoter was independent of adenine growth conditions and independent of the presence of the activator proteins Bas1 and Pho2.	Adenine	109-116	lysine acetyltransferase 2A	Homo sapiens	43-47
17573544-5	2007	A significant but low-level association of Gcn5-myc and Snf2-myc with the ADE5,7 promoter was independent of adenine growth conditions and independent of the presence of the activator proteins Bas1 and Pho2.	Adenine	109-116	SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 4	Homo sapiens	56-60
17606450-3	2007	Sequencing of PRF1 from both peripheral blood mononuclear cells and nail clippings showed compound heterozygous mutation, including deletion of two base pairs at codons 1090 and 1091 (1090-1091delCT) and guanine-to-adenine conversion at nucleotide position 916 (916GAEA).	Adenine	215-222	perforin 1	Homo sapiens	14-18
17520113-1	2007	A novel FRET based strategy for DNA sequence analysis utilising base-discriminating fluorescence (BDF) nucleoside, (Py)U/(2-Ant)U, as donor in the dual-labelled oligonucleotide probe is reported; a selective/specific emission from acceptor, was observed upon excitation at the donor, only when the opposite base of the "smart" fluorescently labeled BDF nucleoside, (Py)U/(2-Ant)U, is adenine on the complementary target sequence.	Adenine	384-391	solute carrier family 25 member 6	Homo sapiens	374-377
17630841-0	2007	Adenine synthesis in interstellar space: mechanisms of prebiotic pyrimidine-ring formation of monocyclic HCN-pentamers.	Adenine	0-7	metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1	Homo sapiens	105-108
17630841-2	2007	Adenine is formally the HCN pentamer, and experiments have demonstrated that adenine is formed under certain conditions by HCN pentamerization in gas, liquid, and condensed phases.	Adenine	0-7	metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1	Homo sapiens	24-27
17630841-2	2007	Adenine is formally the HCN pentamer, and experiments have demonstrated that adenine is formed under certain conditions by HCN pentamerization in gas, liquid, and condensed phases.	Adenine	77-84	metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1	Homo sapiens	24-27
17630841-2	2007	Adenine is formally the HCN pentamer, and experiments have demonstrated that adenine is formed under certain conditions by HCN pentamerization in gas, liquid, and condensed phases.	Adenine	77-84	metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1	Homo sapiens	123-126
17630841-3	2007	Most mechanistic proposals invoke the intermediacy of the HCN tetramer AICN (4), and it is thought that adenine synthesis is completed by addition of the 5(th) HCN to 4 to form amidine 5 and subsequent pyrimidine cyclization.	Adenine	104-111	metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1	Homo sapiens	160-163
17542917-2	2007	L. major expresses two nucleobase permeases, NT3 that is a high affinity transporter for purine nucleobases and NT4 that is a low affinity transporter for adenine.	Adenine	155-162	neurotrophin 5	Mus musculus	112-115
17360216-5	2007	RESULTS: An adenine to guanine mutation at the first nucleotide of the initiation codon (Met [ATG](-26)Val [GTG]) of the GH-1 gene was identified in the patient and the mother.	Adenine	12-19	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	121-125
17346842-4	2007	Based on the observation that conversion of diploid to haploid by overexpression of Stm1 can be easily detected as pink or red colonies in the media containing low adenine, HTS drug screening system to identify modulators of GPCR was established and tested using 413 compounds.	Adenine	164-171	Stm1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	84-88
17477546-3	2007	Ricin toxin A-chain (RTA) and pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP) catalyze the release of adenine from a specific adenosine on a stem-tetraloop (GAGA) sequence at the elongation factor (eEF2) binding site of the 28S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes, thereby arresting translation.	Adenine	87-94	RNA binding fox-1 homolog 2	Homo sapiens	0-19
17477546-3	2007	Ricin toxin A-chain (RTA) and pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP) catalyze the release of adenine from a specific adenosine on a stem-tetraloop (GAGA) sequence at the elongation factor (eEF2) binding site of the 28S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes, thereby arresting translation.	Adenine	87-94	RNA binding fox-1 homolog 2	Homo sapiens	21-24
17477546-3	2007	Ricin toxin A-chain (RTA) and pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP) catalyze the release of adenine from a specific adenosine on a stem-tetraloop (GAGA) sequence at the elongation factor (eEF2) binding site of the 28S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes, thereby arresting translation.	Adenine	87-94	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2	Homo sapiens	183-187
17477546-7	2007	Adenine is also released from the second adenosine in the modified tetraloop, demonstrating an alternative mode for the binding of this motif in the RTA active site.	Adenine	0-7	RNA binding fox-1 homolog 2	Homo sapiens	149-152
17081686-1	2007	The MutY homolog (MYH) can excise adenines misincorporated opposite to guanines or 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-guanines (8-oxoG) during DNA replication; thereby preventing G:C to T:A transversions.	Adenine	34-42	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	18-21
16996781-2	2007	O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is an enzyme that removes mutagenic adducts from the O(6) position of guanine, thereby protecting the genome against guanine to adenine transitions.	Adenine	176-183	O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-40
17338510-5	2007	A conformationally restricted bulky group at the N6 or C2 position of the adenine ring and a hydrophilic and/or H-bonding group at the 5" position were predicted to increase A3AR binding affinity.	Adenine	74-81	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	174-178
16996781-2	2007	O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is an enzyme that removes mutagenic adducts from the O(6) position of guanine, thereby protecting the genome against guanine to adenine transitions.	Adenine	176-183	O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	42-46
17425590-8	2007	MUTYH, a mammalian ortholog of E. coli MutY, excises an adenine paired with 8-oxoG.	Adenine	56-63	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	0-5
17306228-9	2007	This study also implies that modification of the adenine moiety of poly(ADP-ribose) abrogates the susceptibility to digestion by Parg.	Adenine	49-56	poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase	Homo sapiens	129-133
17161978-3	2007	MUTYH functions as a base excision repair DNA glycosylase that excises adenines misincorporated opposite 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2"-deoxyguanosine, one of the most stable products of oxidative DNA damage.	Adenine	71-79	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	0-5
17192950-5	2007	RESULTS: A guanine to adenine substitution occurred in CGC, codon 175 of exon 5 in p53 gene, to CAC in the tumor sample of Case 1.	Adenine	22-29	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	83-86
17279544-4	2007	The other two enzymes are 8-oxoG DNA glycosylase encoded by the OGG1 gene and adenine/2-hydroxyadenine DNA glycosylase encoded by the MUTYH gene.	Adenine	78-85	8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	64-68
17279544-4	2007	The other two enzymes are 8-oxoG DNA glycosylase encoded by the OGG1 gene and adenine/2-hydroxyadenine DNA glycosylase encoded by the MUTYH gene.	Adenine	78-85	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	134-139
17511349-2	2007	Presence of adenine in extracts, prepared with or without DTT/PMSF, caused a 45-60% decrease in XO and XO+XDH activities.	Adenine	12-19	xanthine dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	106-109
17511349-3	2007	Removal of adenine by dialysis from extracts prepared with or without DTT/PMSF resulted in the recovery of XO and XO+XDH activities to almost their pre-dialysis control levels.	Adenine	11-18	xanthine dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	117-120
17511349-4	2007	Enzyme activity after 24hr storage at -20 degrees C depended on the presence or absence of DTT/PMSF and adenine, with both XO and XO+XDH activities being lower in extracts with the combined presence of DTT/PMSF and adenine.	Adenine	215-222	xanthine dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	133-136
17308274-0	2007	Cyclin D1 guanine/adenine 870 polymorphism with altered protein expression is associated with genomic instability and aggressive clinical biology of esophageal adenocarcinoma.	Adenine	18-25	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	0-9
17263404-5	2007	The theoretical results indicate that the excess electron in both AFA(-) and MAFA(-) occupies a pi* orbital localized on adenine/9-methyladenine, and the adiabatic stability of the most stable anions amounts to 0.67 and 0.54 eV for AFA(-) and MAFA(-), respectively.	Adenine	121-128	MAF bZIP transcription factor A	Homo sapiens	243-247
17263404-5	2007	The theoretical results indicate that the excess electron in both AFA(-) and MAFA(-) occupies a pi* orbital localized on adenine/9-methyladenine, and the adiabatic stability of the most stable anions amounts to 0.67 and 0.54 eV for AFA(-) and MAFA(-), respectively.	Adenine	121-128	AFA	Homo sapiens	66-69
17263404-5	2007	The theoretical results indicate that the excess electron in both AFA(-) and MAFA(-) occupies a pi* orbital localized on adenine/9-methyladenine, and the adiabatic stability of the most stable anions amounts to 0.67 and 0.54 eV for AFA(-) and MAFA(-), respectively.	Adenine	121-128	MAF bZIP transcription factor A	Homo sapiens	77-81
17263404-5	2007	The theoretical results indicate that the excess electron in both AFA(-) and MAFA(-) occupies a pi* orbital localized on adenine/9-methyladenine, and the adiabatic stability of the most stable anions amounts to 0.67 and 0.54 eV for AFA(-) and MAFA(-), respectively.	Adenine	121-128	AFA	Homo sapiens	78-81
17003224-3	2007	The 3"-untranslated region (3"-UTR) of SLK mRNA contains multiple adenine and uridine-rich elements, suggesting that 3"-UTR may regulate mRNA stability.	Adenine	66-73	STE20 like kinase	Homo sapiens	39-42
17288565-7	2007	Biochemical analyses using RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation and gel shift experiments demonstrated that adenine- and uridine-rich element-binding proteins, HuR and tristetraprolin itself, were associated with tristetraprolin adenine- and uridine-rich elements.	Adenine	110-117	ELAV like RNA binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	162-165
17288565-7	2007	Biochemical analyses using RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation and gel shift experiments demonstrated that adenine- and uridine-rich element-binding proteins, HuR and tristetraprolin itself, were associated with tristetraprolin adenine- and uridine-rich elements.	Adenine	110-117	ZFP36 ring finger protein	Homo sapiens	170-185
17288565-7	2007	Biochemical analyses using RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation and gel shift experiments demonstrated that adenine- and uridine-rich element-binding proteins, HuR and tristetraprolin itself, were associated with tristetraprolin adenine- and uridine-rich elements.	Adenine	110-117	ZFP36 ring finger protein	Homo sapiens	215-230
17366317-7	2007	The entire coding region (exons 3-13) of the Bhd gene was sequenced, and a guanine (nt106G) to adenine (nt106A) polymorphism was detected resulting in a glycine to arginine (G36R) substitution in both tumor-bearing animals.	Adenine	95-102	folliculin	Rattus norvegicus	45-48
18947693-2	2007	This genetic variant involves a guanosine to adenine transition at position -308, and this single-base polymorphism is associated with increased transcription of the TNF-alpha gene.	Adenine	45-52	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	166-175
17979698-2	2007	Hitherto eight subtypes of the P2Y-R family have been cloned from mammalian species that exhibit sensitivity to the adenine nucleotides ATP/ADP (P2Y(1,11,12,13)), the uracil nucleotides UTP/UDP (P2Y(2,4,6) or UDP-glucose in the case of P2Y(14)) or both adenine and uracil nucleotides (P2Y(2)).	Adenine	116-123	purinergic receptor P2Y14	Homo sapiens	236-243
17149721-3	2007	The substitution of adenine for guanine at nucleotide 4541 (4541G>A) in LRRK2 was recently reported.	Adenine	20-27	leucine rich repeat kinase 2	Homo sapiens	72-77
17018265-3	2007	AAG removes primarily damaged adenine residues.	Adenine	30-37	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	0-3
18467771-4	2007	Comparison of the NAD;{+} binding pocket of the modeled TvGAPDH with human GAPDH (hGAPDH) reveals the presence of a hydrophobic pocket near the N-6 position of adenine ring as well as a hydrophobic cleft near O-2" of the adenosine ribose that are absent in the human enzyme.	Adenine	160-167	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	58-63
17171757-1	2007	Genetic polymorphism of KIR2DL4 results in alleles with either 9 or 10 consecutive adenines in exon 6, which encodes the transmembrane domain.	Adenine	83-91	killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor, two Ig domains and long cytoplasmic tail 4	Homo sapiens	24-31
18467771-4	2007	Comparison of the NAD;{+} binding pocket of the modeled TvGAPDH with human GAPDH (hGAPDH) reveals the presence of a hydrophobic pocket near the N-6 position of adenine ring as well as a hydrophobic cleft near O-2" of the adenosine ribose that are absent in the human enzyme.	Adenine	160-167	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	82-88
18467771-6	2007	Our docking result suggests that bulkier hydrophobic substitution at the N-6 position of the adenine ring could form more stable complexes with TvGAPDH than with hGAPDH.	Adenine	93-100	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	162-168
18066803-1	2007	In this work we explore the ability of a chimeric LNA/DNA bent duplex, in which the kink is induced by 2 unpaired adenines in the middle of one strand, to bind HMGB1, a protein involved in many inflammatory processes.	Adenine	114-122	high mobility group box 1	Homo sapiens	160-165
17192724-2	2007	Direct sequencing of DNA in the male patient revealed that he was compound heterozygote for two mutations in the AQP2 gene: a thymine-to-adenine transversion at position 450 (c.450T&gt;A) in exon 2 and a guanine-to-thymine at nucleotide position 643 (c.643G&gt;T) in exon 4.	Adenine	137-144	aquaporin 2	Homo sapiens	113-117
17264133-7	2007	This is consistent with d(TpA)* arising by valence isomerization of a precursor cyclobutane photoproduct with cis-syn stereochemistry that is generated by [2 + 2] photoaddition of the thymine 5,6-double bond across the C6 and C5 positions of adenine.	Adenine	242-249	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	26-29
17264133-7	2007	This is consistent with d(TpA)* arising by valence isomerization of a precursor cyclobutane photoproduct with cis-syn stereochemistry that is generated by [2 + 2] photoaddition of the thymine 5,6-double bond across the C6 and C5 positions of adenine.	Adenine	242-249	synemin	Homo sapiens	114-117
18029664-3	2007	For example, 8-oxodG in the syn conformation is complementary to adenine in the hydrogen bonding.	Adenine	65-72	synemin	Homo sapiens	28-31
17264805-3	2007	Recently, we have shown the functional relevance of the +138 adenine ins/del polymorphism on ET-1 expression in vitro.	Adenine	61-68	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	93-97
17199367-1	2006	Depending on each nitrogen atom of adenine molecule to which a silver atom of a metallic tip approaches, tip-enhanced near-field Raman spectroscopy may show a potential to achieve atomic site-selective detection sensitivity.	Adenine	35-42	TOR signaling pathway regulator	Homo sapiens	89-92
17199367-1	2006	Depending on each nitrogen atom of adenine molecule to which a silver atom of a metallic tip approaches, tip-enhanced near-field Raman spectroscopy may show a potential to achieve atomic site-selective detection sensitivity.	Adenine	35-42	TOR signaling pathway regulator	Homo sapiens	105-108
17065149-4	2006	Sequencing of genomic DNA detected a mis-sense mutation (Ade--&gt;Gua) that substitutes a conserved histidine at amino acid 54 with arginine (H54R) in SLC30A2 (ZnT-2) that is present in both affected subjects and several other siblings.	Adenine	57-60	solute carrier family 30 member 2	Homo sapiens	151-158
17065149-4	2006	Sequencing of genomic DNA detected a mis-sense mutation (Ade--&gt;Gua) that substitutes a conserved histidine at amino acid 54 with arginine (H54R) in SLC30A2 (ZnT-2) that is present in both affected subjects and several other siblings.	Adenine	57-60	solute carrier family 30 member 2	Homo sapiens	160-165
17149867-5	2006	Sterically demanding groups at the adenine C2 position tended to reduce relative A(3)AR efficacy.	Adenine	35-42	adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	81-87
17185594-5	2006	MUT68 encodes a noncanonical polyadenylate polymerase that adds untemplated adenines to the 5" RNA fragments after siRNA-mediated cleavage and appears to stimulate their exosome-dependent degradation.	Adenine	76-84	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	0-5
17052728-5	2006	The adenine moiety of the substrates is specifically recognized by the enzyme via hydrogen-bonding interactions between N1 and N6 of the base and Glu47 of one subunit, and between N7 of the base and Arg51 of the other subunit, providing the molecular basis for the high selectivity of hNUDT5 for ADP-sugars over other sugar nucleotides.	Adenine	4-11	nudix hydrolase 5	Homo sapiens	285-291
17199504-1	2006	Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase plays a role in purine salvage by catalyzing the direct conversion of adenine to adenosine monophosphate.	Adenine	104-111	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-33
17045573-2	2006	To verify the validity of the generalized concept-the hU6 promoter essentially requires a purine (usually guanine) at +1 for transcription, we enzymatically constructed an arbitrary shRNA library with the following features: (1) to have any one of adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine at the site; (2) to comprise shRNAs of 25-30 nucleotides in stem length which are transcribed through the promoter.	Adenine	248-255	RNA, U6 small nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	54-57
17027562-3	2006	Genotypic analysis was done on DNA using polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing on the 5 adenines (5A)/6 adenines (6A; -1,171 bp) polymorphism in the MMP-3 gene promoter region.	Adenine	98-106	matrix metallopeptidase 3	Homo sapiens	159-164
16960398-5	2006	Analysis of the patient"s genomic DNA showed a heterozygous thymine-to-adenine point mutation in exon 10 of TSHR at position 1535 which was not present in the parents" DNA.	Adenine	71-78	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	108-112
17212783-1	2006	Repression of poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) mRNA translation involves the formation of a heterotrimeric ribonucleoprotein complex by the binding of PABP, insulin-like growth factor II mRNA binding protein-1 (IMP1) and the unr gene encoded polypeptide (UNR) to the adenine-rich autoregulatory sequence (ARS) located at the 5" untranslated region of the PABP-mRNA.	Adenine	265-272	poly(A) binding protein cytoplasmic 1	Homo sapiens	14-37
17212783-1	2006	Repression of poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) mRNA translation involves the formation of a heterotrimeric ribonucleoprotein complex by the binding of PABP, insulin-like growth factor II mRNA binding protein-1 (IMP1) and the unr gene encoded polypeptide (UNR) to the adenine-rich autoregulatory sequence (ARS) located at the 5" untranslated region of the PABP-mRNA.	Adenine	265-272	poly(A) binding protein cytoplasmic 1	Homo sapiens	39-43
17212783-1	2006	Repression of poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) mRNA translation involves the formation of a heterotrimeric ribonucleoprotein complex by the binding of PABP, insulin-like growth factor II mRNA binding protein-1 (IMP1) and the unr gene encoded polypeptide (UNR) to the adenine-rich autoregulatory sequence (ARS) located at the 5" untranslated region of the PABP-mRNA.	Adenine	265-272	insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	209-213
17212783-1	2006	Repression of poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) mRNA translation involves the formation of a heterotrimeric ribonucleoprotein complex by the binding of PABP, insulin-like growth factor II mRNA binding protein-1 (IMP1) and the unr gene encoded polypeptide (UNR) to the adenine-rich autoregulatory sequence (ARS) located at the 5" untranslated region of the PABP-mRNA.	Adenine	265-272	cold shock domain containing E1	Homo sapiens	223-226
17212783-1	2006	Repression of poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) mRNA translation involves the formation of a heterotrimeric ribonucleoprotein complex by the binding of PABP, insulin-like growth factor II mRNA binding protein-1 (IMP1) and the unr gene encoded polypeptide (UNR) to the adenine-rich autoregulatory sequence (ARS) located at the 5" untranslated region of the PABP-mRNA.	Adenine	265-272	cold shock domain containing E1	Homo sapiens	253-256
17062755-2	2006	Plants have two classes of isopentenyltransferases (IPTs) acting on the adenine moiety: ATP/ADP isopentenyltransferases (in Arabidopsis thaliana, AtIPT1, 3, 4-8) and tRNA IPTs (in Arabidopsis, AtIPT2 and 9).	Adenine	72-79	tRNAisopentenyltransferase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	193-205
16879101-1	2006	The MYH (MutY glycosylase homologue) increases replication fidelity by removing adenines or 2-hydroxyadenine misincorporated opposite GO (7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-guanine).	Adenine	80-88	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	4-7
17118778-3	2006	Analysis of the coding region of nek3 showed an A insertion/deletion polymorphism in a stretch of adenines at the end of exon 9, with 2 alleles showing either 7 or 8 adenines.	Adenine	98-106	NIMA related kinase 3	Homo sapiens	33-37
17118778-3	2006	Analysis of the coding region of nek3 showed an A insertion/deletion polymorphism in a stretch of adenines at the end of exon 9, with 2 alleles showing either 7 or 8 adenines.	Adenine	166-174	NIMA related kinase 3	Homo sapiens	33-37
17027562-3	2006	Genotypic analysis was done on DNA using polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing on the 5 adenines (5A)/6 adenines (6A; -1,171 bp) polymorphism in the MMP-3 gene promoter region.	Adenine	114-122	matrix metallopeptidase 3	Homo sapiens	159-164
17041099-2	2006	Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) salvages purines by releasing adenine from methylthioadenosine and is often deleted in mesothelioma.	Adenine	71-78	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	0-33
17005674-5	2006	We determined that Delta97nsP4 possesses terminal adenylyltransferase (TATase) activity, as it specifically catalyzed the addition of adenine to the 3" end of an acceptor RNA in the presence of divalent cations.	Adenine	134-141	solute carrier family 10 member 4	Homo sapiens	19-30
16965428-11	2006	The clinical severity was well correlated with the eosinophil count and the serum ECP levels in ADe and ADi.	Adenine	96-99	ribonuclease A family member 3	Homo sapiens	82-85
16965428-14	2006	A higher eosinophil count, a higher ECP level and a higher detection rate of IL-5 in the peripheral blood of infants with ADe means that eosinophils have a more prominent role in ADe than in ADi.	Adenine	122-125	interleukin 5	Homo sapiens	77-81
17041099-2	2006	Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) salvages purines by releasing adenine from methylthioadenosine and is often deleted in mesothelioma.	Adenine	71-78	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	35-39
17094454-2	2006	A single nucleotide polymorphism with guanine (G) to adenine (A) substitution is identified at position -158 in the ARE of the PSA gene.	Adenine	53-60	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	127-130
16984202-3	2006	Human thymine DNA glycosylase (hTDG) cleaves thymine from mutagenic G.T mispairs, recognizes many additional lesions, and has a strong preference for nucleobases paired with guanine rather than adenine.	Adenine	194-201	thymine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	6-29
16984202-3	2006	Human thymine DNA glycosylase (hTDG) cleaves thymine from mutagenic G.T mispairs, recognizes many additional lesions, and has a strong preference for nucleobases paired with guanine rather than adenine.	Adenine	194-201	thymine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	31-35
16773329-2	2006	The human MutY homolog (hMUTYH) which removes misincorporated adenine opposite 8-oxoG in DNA functions in post-replication, and is localized in the nuclei and mitochondria.	Adenine	62-69	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	24-30
16720376-1	2006	The base excision repair carried out by bacterial MutY DNA glycosylase and eukaryotic MutY homolog (MYH) is responsible for removing adenines misincorporated into DNA opposite G and 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-guanines (8-oxoG); thereby preventing G:C to T:A mutations.	Adenine	133-141	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	100-103
16720376-4	2006	The eukaryotic MYH can excise adenines misincorporated opposite GO, G, or C; remove 2-hydroxyadenines mispaired with A,G, and GO; excise G from G/GO mismatch weakly, thereby preventing G:C to T:A transversions.	Adenine	30-38	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	15-18
16881685-6	2006	The concentration of methionine, adenine, and sulfite in a synthetic grape must influences the progress of fermentation and at the transcriptional level the expression of genes involved in sulfur (MET16), adenine (ADE4), and acetaldehyde (ALD6) metabolism.	Adenine	33-40	phosphoadenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin)	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	197-202
16881685-6	2006	The concentration of methionine, adenine, and sulfite in a synthetic grape must influences the progress of fermentation and at the transcriptional level the expression of genes involved in sulfur (MET16), adenine (ADE4), and acetaldehyde (ALD6) metabolism.	Adenine	33-40	amidophosphoribosyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	214-218
16881685-6	2006	The concentration of methionine, adenine, and sulfite in a synthetic grape must influences the progress of fermentation and at the transcriptional level the expression of genes involved in sulfur (MET16), adenine (ADE4), and acetaldehyde (ALD6) metabolism.	Adenine	33-40	aldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) ALD6	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	239-243
16881685-6	2006	The concentration of methionine, adenine, and sulfite in a synthetic grape must influences the progress of fermentation and at the transcriptional level the expression of genes involved in sulfur (MET16), adenine (ADE4), and acetaldehyde (ALD6) metabolism.	Adenine	205-212	amidophosphoribosyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	214-218
16906506-2	2006	Using HEK, intracellular 3H-labeled NAD+ (3H-adenine) was metabolically generated and then these cells were exposed to SM (1 mM).	Adenine	42-52	EPH receptor A3	Homo sapiens	6-9
16893246-5	2006	Nevertheless, when mixed together, thymine- and adenine-based colloids fuse into thermodynamically stable microspheres cross linked by adenine-thymine interactions.	Adenine	48-55	Polykaryocytosis inducer	Homo sapiens	71-75
16893246-5	2006	Nevertheless, when mixed together, thymine- and adenine-based colloids fuse into thermodynamically stable microspheres cross linked by adenine-thymine interactions.	Adenine	135-142	Polykaryocytosis inducer	Homo sapiens	71-75
16793961-2	2006	Genetic analysis revealed that the girl was compound heterozygote for a previously reported Q318X mutation in exon 8 and a novel insertion of an adenine between nucleotides 962 and 963 in exon 4 of the CYP21A2 gene.	Adenine	145-152	cytochrome P450 family 21 subfamily A member 2	Homo sapiens	202-209
16890779-0	2006	Redirection of allergen-specific TH2 responses by a modified adenine through Toll-like receptor 7 interaction and IL-12/IFN release.	Adenine	61-68	toll like receptor 7	Homo sapiens	77-97
16890779-5	2006	RESULTS: The synthetic heterocycle, chemically related to adenine with substitution in positions 2-, 8-, and 9- (SA-2), but not its related derivative lacking 2- and 8- substitutions, stimulated the production of high amounts of IL-12, IL-10, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 by CD14(+) cells and IFN-alpha and CXCL10 by blood dendritic cell antigen (BDCA)-4(+) plasmacytoid dendritic cells.	Adenine	58-65	stromal antigen 2	Homo sapiens	113-117
16890779-5	2006	RESULTS: The synthetic heterocycle, chemically related to adenine with substitution in positions 2-, 8-, and 9- (SA-2), but not its related derivative lacking 2- and 8- substitutions, stimulated the production of high amounts of IL-12, IL-10, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 by CD14(+) cells and IFN-alpha and CXCL10 by blood dendritic cell antigen (BDCA)-4(+) plasmacytoid dendritic cells.	Adenine	58-65	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	236-241
16890779-5	2006	RESULTS: The synthetic heterocycle, chemically related to adenine with substitution in positions 2-, 8-, and 9- (SA-2), but not its related derivative lacking 2- and 8- substitutions, stimulated the production of high amounts of IL-12, IL-10, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 by CD14(+) cells and IFN-alpha and CXCL10 by blood dendritic cell antigen (BDCA)-4(+) plasmacytoid dendritic cells.	Adenine	58-65	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	243-252
16890779-5	2006	RESULTS: The synthetic heterocycle, chemically related to adenine with substitution in positions 2-, 8-, and 9- (SA-2), but not its related derivative lacking 2- and 8- substitutions, stimulated the production of high amounts of IL-12, IL-10, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 by CD14(+) cells and IFN-alpha and CXCL10 by blood dendritic cell antigen (BDCA)-4(+) plasmacytoid dendritic cells.	Adenine	58-65	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	258-262
16890779-5	2006	RESULTS: The synthetic heterocycle, chemically related to adenine with substitution in positions 2-, 8-, and 9- (SA-2), but not its related derivative lacking 2- and 8- substitutions, stimulated the production of high amounts of IL-12, IL-10, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 by CD14(+) cells and IFN-alpha and CXCL10 by blood dendritic cell antigen (BDCA)-4(+) plasmacytoid dendritic cells.	Adenine	58-65	CD14 molecule	Homo sapiens	266-270
16890779-5	2006	RESULTS: The synthetic heterocycle, chemically related to adenine with substitution in positions 2-, 8-, and 9- (SA-2), but not its related derivative lacking 2- and 8- substitutions, stimulated the production of high amounts of IL-12, IL-10, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 by CD14(+) cells and IFN-alpha and CXCL10 by blood dendritic cell antigen (BDCA)-4(+) plasmacytoid dendritic cells.	Adenine	58-65	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	284-293
16890779-5	2006	RESULTS: The synthetic heterocycle, chemically related to adenine with substitution in positions 2-, 8-, and 9- (SA-2), but not its related derivative lacking 2- and 8- substitutions, stimulated the production of high amounts of IL-12, IL-10, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 by CD14(+) cells and IFN-alpha and CXCL10 by blood dendritic cell antigen (BDCA)-4(+) plasmacytoid dendritic cells.	Adenine	58-65	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10	Homo sapiens	298-304
16888689-6	2006	Molecular analysis disclosed a point mutation in exon 14 of the TGFBI gene which consisted of an adenine to guanine change at nucleotide position 1924, predicting a substitution of arginine instead of histidine at residue 626 of the TGFBI protein (H626R).	Adenine	97-104	transforming growth factor beta induced	Homo sapiens	64-69
16890779-5	2006	RESULTS: The synthetic heterocycle, chemically related to adenine with substitution in positions 2-, 8-, and 9- (SA-2), but not its related derivative lacking 2- and 8- substitutions, stimulated the production of high amounts of IL-12, IL-10, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 by CD14(+) cells and IFN-alpha and CXCL10 by blood dendritic cell antigen (BDCA)-4(+) plasmacytoid dendritic cells.	Adenine	58-65	neuropilin 1	Homo sapiens	314-345
16890779-8	2006	CONCLUSION: Critical substitutions of the adenine backbone confer the ability to activate TLR7, inducing the production of modulatory cytokines able to shift human allergen-specific T(H)2 cells to a T(H)1/T(H)0 phenotype.	Adenine	42-49	toll like receptor 7	Homo sapiens	90-94
16854164-1	2006	Interactions of adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine with Na(+), Mg(2+), and Zn(2+) cations were studied using an approximate resolution of identity correlated second-order MP2 (RI-MP2) method with the TZVPP ([5s3p2d1f/3s2p1d]) basis set.	Adenine	16-23	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	176-179
16854164-1	2006	Interactions of adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine with Na(+), Mg(2+), and Zn(2+) cations were studied using an approximate resolution of identity correlated second-order MP2 (RI-MP2) method with the TZVPP ([5s3p2d1f/3s2p1d]) basis set.	Adenine	16-23	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	181-187
16516406-3	2006	The oligocapping method revealed that the transcriptional start site of the human B-ind1 gene is located at 166 bases upstream of the first adenine residue of the translation start site that is highly homologous to an initiator (Inr) consensus sequence.	Adenine	140-147	3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 3	Homo sapiens	82-88
16987073-3	2006	We studied a TNF-alpha single-nucleotide promoter polymorphism (SNP) at position -238 (a guanine [G]-to-adenine [A] transition) and ex vivo TNF-alpha production in a recall study of 36 Belgian patients who had a serologically proven form of Puumala virus-induced Hantavirus infection with the kidney as main target organ.	Adenine	104-111	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	13-22
16376942-7	2006	RESULTS: In exon 15, one BRAF mutation (1796 thymine to adenine; V599E) was found in nonsmoking woman with well-differentiated adenocarcinoma.	Adenine	56-63	B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	25-29
16603734-3	2006	We now report the genetic confirmation of this hypothesis through the construction of a conditional delta hgprt/delta xprt mutant strain that exhibits an absolute requirement for 2"-deoxycoformycin, an inhibitor of the leishmanial adenine aminohydrolase enzyme, and either adenine or adenosine as a source of purine.	Adenine	231-238	hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	106-111
16603734-3	2006	We now report the genetic confirmation of this hypothesis through the construction of a conditional delta hgprt/delta xprt mutant strain that exhibits an absolute requirement for 2"-deoxycoformycin, an inhibitor of the leishmanial adenine aminohydrolase enzyme, and either adenine or adenosine as a source of purine.	Adenine	231-238	xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase	Leishmania donovani	118-122
16631464-3	2006	Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) is a ubiquitous enzyme, essential in the salvage pathway of adenine and in methionine synthesis.	Adenine	101-108	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	35-39
16731618-9	2006	Bioinformatics suggest that agnC3, agnC4, and agnC6 contribute to maturation of the methyl pentanamide, whereas agnC2 may produce the glucofuranose side group bound to the adenine ring.	Adenine	172-179	S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase	Agrobacterium tumefaciens	28-33
16731618-9	2006	Bioinformatics suggest that agnC3, agnC4, and agnC6 contribute to maturation of the methyl pentanamide, whereas agnC2 may produce the glucofuranose side group bound to the adenine ring.	Adenine	172-179	2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybenzoate dehydrogenase protein	Agrobacterium tumefaciens	112-117
16717397-4	2006	She was heterozygous for a novel guanine>adenine point mutation at position +1 of the splice donor site within intron 9 (IVS 9 + 1G>A) of the Wilms" tumor 1 gene.	Adenine	41-48	WT1 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	142-156
16597106-3	2006	It was found that dC(hpp) forms stable base pairs not only with the complementary guanine base, but also with the adenine base.	Adenine	114-121	familial progressive hyperpigmentation 1	Homo sapiens	21-24
16683026-4	2006	We surveyed the 102,801 FANTOM3 mouse cDNA clones and found that Air and Xist were present not as single, full-length transcripts but as a cluster of multiple, shorter cDNAs, which were unspliced, had little coding potential, and were most likely primed from internal adenine-rich regions within longer parental transcripts.	Adenine	268-275	inactive X specific transcripts	Mus musculus	73-77
16460659-3	2006	In this assay, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (AdoHcy/SAH), the transmethylation product of AdoMet-dependent methyltransferases, is hydrolyzed to S-ribosylhomocysteine and adenine by recombinant S-adenosylhomocysteine/5"-methylthioadenosine nucleosidase (SAHN/MTAN, EC 3.2.2.9).	Adenine	167-174	acyl-CoA synthetase medium-chain family member 3	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
16495921-2	2006	A common adenine to guanine polymorphism (A870G) in the CCND1 gene has been associated with a longer-life protein and an increased risk of colorectal cancer and adenoma in some studies.	Adenine	9-16	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	56-61
16442499-4	2006	Other superfamily I helicases such as, UvrD/Rep/PcrA also possess these residues but in addition they interact with adenine via a conserved arginine, which is replaced by a serine in helicase IV.	Adenine	116-123	replication protein	Escherichia coli	44-47
16278830-4	2006	The substitution of this base for adenine in the target RNA selectively stabilizes the complex formed with a U1A protein in which one of the conserved aromatic amino acids is replaced with Ala (Phe56Ala).	Adenine	34-41	small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide A	Homo sapiens	109-112
16278830-5	2006	In this article, we report molecular dynamics (MD) simulations that probe the structural consequences of the substitution of A-4CPh for adenine in the wild type and Phe56Ala U1A-RNA complexes and in the free RNA.	Adenine	136-143	small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide A	Homo sapiens	174-177
16311258-6	2006	Markedly enlarged parathyroid glands and extremely high PTH levels were observed in all adenine-fed rats compared with the control (PTH: 199.3+/-58.0 vs 10.5+/-3.0 pmol/l, P&lt;0.01, respectively, at 6 weeks).	Adenine	88-95	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
16508014-0	2006	Mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 regulates tumor necrosis factor mRNA stability and translation mainly by altering tristetraprolin expression, stability, and binding to adenine/uridine-rich element.	Adenine	196-203	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	70-91
16508014-1	2006	The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38/MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) signaling pathway plays an important role in the posttranscriptional regulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which is dependent on the adenine/uridine-rich element (ARE) in the 3" untranslated region of TNF mRNA.	Adenine	224-231	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	44-47
16508014-1	2006	The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38/MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) signaling pathway plays an important role in the posttranscriptional regulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which is dependent on the adenine/uridine-rich element (ARE) in the 3" untranslated region of TNF mRNA.	Adenine	224-231	MAP kinase-activated protein kinase 2	Mus musculus	48-79
16508014-1	2006	The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38/MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) signaling pathway plays an important role in the posttranscriptional regulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which is dependent on the adenine/uridine-rich element (ARE) in the 3" untranslated region of TNF mRNA.	Adenine	224-231	MAP kinase-activated protein kinase 2	Mus musculus	81-84
16508014-1	2006	The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38/MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) signaling pathway plays an important role in the posttranscriptional regulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which is dependent on the adenine/uridine-rich element (ARE) in the 3" untranslated region of TNF mRNA.	Adenine	224-231	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	169-190
16508014-1	2006	The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38/MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) signaling pathway plays an important role in the posttranscriptional regulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which is dependent on the adenine/uridine-rich element (ARE) in the 3" untranslated region of TNF mRNA.	Adenine	224-231	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	192-195
16508014-1	2006	The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38/MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) signaling pathway plays an important role in the posttranscriptional regulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which is dependent on the adenine/uridine-rich element (ARE) in the 3" untranslated region of TNF mRNA.	Adenine	224-231	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	292-295
16311258-6	2006	Markedly enlarged parathyroid glands and extremely high PTH levels were observed in all adenine-fed rats compared with the control (PTH: 199.3+/-58.0 vs 10.5+/-3.0 pmol/l, P&lt;0.01, respectively, at 6 weeks).	Adenine	88-95	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	132-135
16482161-2	2006	Escherichia coli AlkB and the homologous human proteins ABH2 and ABH3 (refs 5, 7) promiscuously repair DNA and RNA bases damaged by S(N)2 alkylation reagents, which attach hydrocarbons to endocyclic ring nitrogen atoms (N1 of adenine and guanine and N3 of thymine and cytosine).	Adenine	226-233	alkB homolog 2, alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	56-60
16482161-2	2006	Escherichia coli AlkB and the homologous human proteins ABH2 and ABH3 (refs 5, 7) promiscuously repair DNA and RNA bases damaged by S(N)2 alkylation reagents, which attach hydrocarbons to endocyclic ring nitrogen atoms (N1 of adenine and guanine and N3 of thymine and cytosine).	Adenine	226-233	alkB homolog 3, alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	65-69
16395276-7	2006	Adenine-treated rats developed severe CRI, with markedly elevated serum levels of phosphorus, PTH and FGF23, and reduced levels of serum 1,25(OH)(2)D(3).	Adenine	0-7	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	94-97
16395276-7	2006	Adenine-treated rats developed severe CRI, with markedly elevated serum levels of phosphorus, PTH and FGF23, and reduced levels of serum 1,25(OH)(2)D(3).	Adenine	0-7	fibroblast growth factor 23	Rattus norvegicus	102-107
16570846-12	2006	The same gene (DRM2) in Arabidopsis thaliana is methylated both at cytosine and adenine residues; thus, at least two different, and probably interdependent, systems of DNA modification are present in plants.	Adenine	80-87	domains rearranged methyltransferase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	15-19
16708643-5	2006	The most frequently mutation of BRAF gene is thymine to adenine transversion at nucleotide position 1796 (T1796A).	Adenine	56-63	B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	32-36
16492615-4	2006	The length of the dinucleotide repeat thymine and adenine (TA) upstream of exon 1 in the ESR1 gene was determined.	Adenine	50-57	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	89-93
17168726-7	2006	Most often, adenosine A(1) receptor non-xanthine antagonists are adenine-based, having substituted amino group and variable nitrogen atoms positions in the molecules.	Adenine	65-72	adenosine A1 receptor	Homo sapiens	12-35
16306151-6	2006	In PAT-treated cells, inactivation of double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase R (PKR) by the inhibitor, adenine, markedly suppressed JNK and ERK phosphorylation.	Adenine	109-116	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 2	Homo sapiens	86-89
16306151-6	2006	In PAT-treated cells, inactivation of double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase R (PKR) by the inhibitor, adenine, markedly suppressed JNK and ERK phosphorylation.	Adenine	109-116	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	138-141
16306151-6	2006	In PAT-treated cells, inactivation of double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase R (PKR) by the inhibitor, adenine, markedly suppressed JNK and ERK phosphorylation.	Adenine	109-116	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	146-149
16541957-1	2006	The introduction of versatile functional groups, allyl and ester, at the C-1 position of the acyclic chain in acyclic adenine nucleosides was achieved for the first time directly by alkylation of adenine and N6-potected adenine.	Adenine	118-125	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C	Homo sapiens	73-76
16298757-8	2006	4-Hydrazinobenzoic acid induced piperidine-labile sites frequently at adenine and guanine residues in the presence of catalase.	Adenine	70-77	catalase	Bos taurus	118-126
16275890-1	2006	Rac2 is a hematopoietic-specific Rho-GTPase that plays a stimulus-specific role in regulating reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activation and other functional responses in neutrophils.	Adenine	115-122	Rac family small GTPase 2	Mus musculus	0-4
16793363-1	2006	The base excision repair carried out by the bacterial MutY DNA glycosylase and eukaryotic MutY homolog (MYH) is responsible for removing adenines misincorporated into DNA opposite 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-guanines (8-oxoG), thereby preventing G:C to T:A mutations.	Adenine	137-145	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	104-107
16793363-2	2006	MutY and MYH can also remove adenines from A/G and A/C and can remove guanines from G/8-oxoG mismatches at reduced rates.	Adenine	29-37	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	9-12
16223764-10	2005	Similar strategies to develop nucleotide analogues with a modified adenine ring could be valuable for future studies of CFTR gating.	Adenine	67-74	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	120-124
16256072-0	2005	Non-linear quantitative structure-activity relationship for adenine derivatives as competitive inhibitors of adenosine deaminase.	Adenine	60-67	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	109-128
16171463-3	2005	Nucleotide sequence analysis of UGT1A1 in two CN-1 patients revealed that patient A was homozygous for a nt 530 G--&gt;A (where nt 530 G--&gt;A means guanine to adenine transition at nucleotide 530) mutation, predicting a C177Y substitution, and patient B had a nt 466 T--&gt;C mutation on one allele and a nt 1070 A--&gt;G mutation on the other, predicting a C156R and a Q357R substitution respectively.	Adenine	161-168	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	32-38
16081110-4	2005	MutM DNA glycosylase excises 8-OH-G from 8-OH-G:C pairs in DNA and MutY DNA glycosylase removes adenine incorporated opposite template 8-OH-G during DNA replication.	Adenine	96-103	8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	0-4
16289864-0	2005	The c-Yes 3"-UTR contains adenine/uridine-rich elements that bind AUF1 and HuR involved in mRNA decay in breast cancer cells.	Adenine	26-33	YES proto-oncogene 1, Src family tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	4-9
16152602-1	2005	Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRTase) is a widely distributed enzyme involved in the salvage of adenine to form an adenine nucleotide.	Adenine	102-109	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Thermus thermophilus HB8	0-33
16152602-1	2005	Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRTase) is a widely distributed enzyme involved in the salvage of adenine to form an adenine nucleotide.	Adenine	102-109	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Thermus thermophilus HB8	35-42
16224217-1	2005	The gene that encodes methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP), an enzyme involved in adenine and methionine salvage pathways, is located on chromosome 9p21 telomeric to the p16INK4A/CDKN2A tumor suppressor gene.	Adenine	86-93	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	22-55
16224217-1	2005	The gene that encodes methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP), an enzyme involved in adenine and methionine salvage pathways, is located on chromosome 9p21 telomeric to the p16INK4A/CDKN2A tumor suppressor gene.	Adenine	86-93	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	57-61
16224217-1	2005	The gene that encodes methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP), an enzyme involved in adenine and methionine salvage pathways, is located on chromosome 9p21 telomeric to the p16INK4A/CDKN2A tumor suppressor gene.	Adenine	86-93	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Homo sapiens	174-182
16224217-1	2005	The gene that encodes methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP), an enzyme involved in adenine and methionine salvage pathways, is located on chromosome 9p21 telomeric to the p16INK4A/CDKN2A tumor suppressor gene.	Adenine	86-93	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Homo sapiens	183-189
16227289-8	2005	Replacement of the terminal 3" A of the RSV PPT with G caused a preferential miscleavage at a GA sequence spanning the PPT-U3 boundary, resulting in the deletion of the terminal adenine normally present at the 5" end of the U3.	Adenine	178-185	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	44-47
16289864-0	2005	The c-Yes 3"-UTR contains adenine/uridine-rich elements that bind AUF1 and HuR involved in mRNA decay in breast cancer cells.	Adenine	26-33	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D	Homo sapiens	66-70
16289864-0	2005	The c-Yes 3"-UTR contains adenine/uridine-rich elements that bind AUF1 and HuR involved in mRNA decay in breast cancer cells.	Adenine	26-33	ELAV like RNA binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	75-78
16289864-7	2005	This down-regulatory effect maps to three adenine/uridine-rich elements (AREs) that bind to cellular HuR and AUF1 (hnRNP D), two ARE-binding proteins (ARE-BPs) implicated in accelerated mRNA degradation.	Adenine	42-49	ELAV like RNA binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	101-104
16289864-7	2005	This down-regulatory effect maps to three adenine/uridine-rich elements (AREs) that bind to cellular HuR and AUF1 (hnRNP D), two ARE-binding proteins (ARE-BPs) implicated in accelerated mRNA degradation.	Adenine	42-49	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D	Homo sapiens	109-113
16289864-7	2005	This down-regulatory effect maps to three adenine/uridine-rich elements (AREs) that bind to cellular HuR and AUF1 (hnRNP D), two ARE-binding proteins (ARE-BPs) implicated in accelerated mRNA degradation.	Adenine	42-49	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D	Homo sapiens	115-122
16834198-6	2005	Transition state theory calculations of 298 K rate constants in the gas phase, including quantum tunnel corrections, indicate the branching ratios for H-atom additions to C-8, C-2, N-3, N-1, and N-7 positions in adenine as 0.68, 0.20, 0.08, 0.03, and 0.01, respectively.	Adenine	212-219	homeobox C8	Homo sapiens	171-174
16244132-5	2005	Since this amino acid position in both Puf3p and Puf5p is predicted to contact an adenine in the respective target RNAs, the amino acid in Puf3p must play a more critical role in promoting COX17 interaction.	Adenine	82-89	mRNA-binding protein PUF3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	39-44
16244132-5	2005	Since this amino acid position in both Puf3p and Puf5p is predicted to contact an adenine in the respective target RNAs, the amino acid in Puf3p must play a more critical role in promoting COX17 interaction.	Adenine	82-89	Mpt5p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	49-54
16244132-5	2005	Since this amino acid position in both Puf3p and Puf5p is predicted to contact an adenine in the respective target RNAs, the amino acid in Puf3p must play a more critical role in promoting COX17 interaction.	Adenine	82-89	mRNA-binding protein PUF3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	139-144
16244132-5	2005	Since this amino acid position in both Puf3p and Puf5p is predicted to contact an adenine in the respective target RNAs, the amino acid in Puf3p must play a more critical role in promoting COX17 interaction.	Adenine	82-89	copper metallochaperone COX17	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	189-194
16234608-13	2005	CONCLUSIONS: Our current results suggest that the hereditary adenine insertion variant in the 5"-UTR of the endothelin-1 gene is protective for orthostatic intolerance.	Adenine	61-68	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	108-120
16834198-6	2005	Transition state theory calculations of 298 K rate constants in the gas phase, including quantum tunnel corrections, indicate the branching ratios for H-atom additions to C-8, C-2, N-3, N-1, and N-7 positions in adenine as 0.68, 0.20, 0.08, 0.03, and 0.01, respectively.	Adenine	212-219	complement C2	Homo sapiens	176-179
16094474-1	2005	The fac-[Re(CO)(3)](+) moiety was reacted with the amino acid serine (D- and L-ser) and with 7-methylguanine (7-MeG), 3-methylpyridine (3-pic) or adenine (ade) to yield novel complexes intended as nucleoside-mimicking compounds.	Adenine	146-153	FA complementation group C	Homo sapiens	4-7
16094474-1	2005	The fac-[Re(CO)(3)](+) moiety was reacted with the amino acid serine (D- and L-ser) and with 7-methylguanine (7-MeG), 3-methylpyridine (3-pic) or adenine (ade) to yield novel complexes intended as nucleoside-mimicking compounds.	Adenine	146-149	FA complementation group C	Homo sapiens	4-7
16094474-6	2005	If 3-pic is used instead of 7-MeG complex [Re(L-ser)(3-pic)(CO)(3)](L-4) is obtained in good yield, while interaction of L-2 with ade gives a mixture of five distinct species.	Adenine	130-133	ribosomal protein L4	Homo sapiens	68-71
16167838-9	2005	Similarly, a kinetic analysis of polymerization opposite the N6-isopropylAde by the DNA polymerase alpha showed comparable levels of insertion accuracy relative to the unadducted Ade.	Adenine	73-76	DNA polymerase alpha 1, catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	84-104
16094474-6	2005	If 3-pic is used instead of 7-MeG complex [Re(L-ser)(3-pic)(CO)(3)](L-4) is obtained in good yield, while interaction of L-2 with ade gives a mixture of five distinct species.	Adenine	130-133	immunoglobulin kappa variable 3-15	Homo sapiens	121-124
16106197-4	2005	Automated sequencing of the SRY region revealed a new mutation (deletion of A (adenine) in codon 82 at position +244), leading to a frame shift mutation within the helix I of the HMG-box domain.	Adenine	79-86	sex determining region Y	Homo sapiens	28-31
16272627-5	2005	Adenine-treated rats showed marked elevations of serum phosphorus, PTH and FGF23 levels associated with parathyroid hyperplasia and aortic calcification.	Adenine	0-7	fibroblast growth factor 23	Rattus norvegicus	75-80
16135225-2	2005	The cpb2 gene of equine and other non-porcine isolates differed from porcine isolates by the absence of an adenine in a poly A tract immediately downstream of the start codon in all non-porcine C. perfringens strains.	Adenine	107-114	carboxypeptidase B2	Equus caballus	4-8
16107695-3	2005	The Bas1 transcriptional activator, responsible for the induction of genes of the de novo AMP biosynthesis pathway (ADE) in the absence of adenine, is not involved in this response.	Adenine	116-119	Bas1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	4-8
16107695-3	2005	The Bas1 transcriptional activator, responsible for the induction of genes of the de novo AMP biosynthesis pathway (ADE) in the absence of adenine, is not involved in this response.	Adenine	139-146	Bas1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	4-8
16135235-0	2005	Regulation of traJ transcription in the Salmonella virulence plasmid by strand-specific DNA adenine hemimethylation.	Adenine	92-99	traJ	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium	14-18
15918672-4	2005	Quite unexpectedly, the simulation indicated that a binding pocket for a specific water molecule may be reversibly formed at the apex of the bend induced in the DNA helix by LEF-1 binding, where a methionine side chain intercalates between two destacked adenines.	Adenine	254-262	lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1	Homo sapiens	174-179
15955869-4	2005	The bcl2 (b)-ARE (adenine-uridine-rich element) in the 3"-untranslated region of the b-RNA that regulates the rate of RNA degradation has been targeted with three chemically modified oligoribonucleotides designed in the antisense orientation (asORNs).	Adenine	18-25	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	4-8
16045769-7	2005	The RNase A-IMP complex provides structural evidence for the functional components of subsite P(-1) while it further supports the role inferred by other studies to Asn71 as the primary structural determinant for the adenine specificity of the B2 subsite.	Adenine	216-223	ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic	Homo sapiens	4-11
16084394-7	2005	The adenine at the primer terminus has rotated into a syn-conformation to interact with the opposite adenine in a planar configuration.	Adenine	4-11	synemin	Homo sapiens	54-57
16077115-0	2005	Regulation of finP transcription by DNA adenine methylation in the virulence plasmid of Salmonella enterica.	Adenine	40-47	putative transglycosylase	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium	14-18
16084394-7	2005	The adenine at the primer terminus has rotated into a syn-conformation to interact with the opposite adenine in a planar configuration.	Adenine	101-108	synemin	Homo sapiens	54-57
16000004-4	2005	Products of the MTAP reaction (adenine and 5-methylthio-alpha-D-ribose-1-phosphate) are recycled to S-adenosylmethionine, the precursor for polyamine synthesis.	Adenine	31-38	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	16-20
15965615-7	2005	The majority of these mutations were frameshift mutations of an adenine (A) insertion or deletion within either of 2 stretches of eight A"s in the TK gene.	Adenine	64-71	thymidine kinase	Canid alphaherpesvirus 1	147-149
15955067-5	2005	In Rv0386, the standard substrate, adenine-defining lysine-aspartate couple is replaced by glutamine-asparagine.	Adenine	35-42	transcriptional regulator	Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv	3-9
15948949-8	2005	Glycine withdrawal repressed many of the same genes as addition of adenine, a process known to be dependent on Bas1p.	Adenine	67-74	Bas1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	111-116
15994977-2	2005	The most notable genetic factor influencing androgen receptor (AR) activity is the functional cytosine, adenine, guanine (CAG) repeat in which length is inversely proportional to its transactivational activity.	Adenine	104-111	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	44-61
15994977-2	2005	The most notable genetic factor influencing androgen receptor (AR) activity is the functional cytosine, adenine, guanine (CAG) repeat in which length is inversely proportional to its transactivational activity.	Adenine	104-111	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	63-65
15968271-4	2005	We tested 20 papillary thyroid carcinomas from young patients ranging from 10 to 17 years of age for the thymine (T) --&gt; adenine (A) missense mutation at nucleotide 1796 in the BRAF gene using a newly developed assay that employs a novel primer extension method (Mutector assay).	Adenine	124-131	B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	180-184
15962933-6	2005	The six stable adducts of DB[a,l]P formed by rat liver microsomes in vitro were either guanine or adenine adducts of anti-DB[a,l]PDE or syn-DB[a,l]PDE.	Adenine	98-105	joined toes	Mus musculus	136-139
15963892-3	2005	The three C(2)H(2) zinc fingers of TFIIIA use two modes of RNA recognition that differ from the classical mode of DNA recognition, whereas the CCCH zinc fingers of Tis11d recognize specific AU-rich sequences through backbone atom interaction with the Watson-Crick edges of the adenine and uracil bases.	Adenine	277-284	general transcription factor IIIA	Homo sapiens	35-41
15963892-3	2005	The three C(2)H(2) zinc fingers of TFIIIA use two modes of RNA recognition that differ from the classical mode of DNA recognition, whereas the CCCH zinc fingers of Tis11d recognize specific AU-rich sequences through backbone atom interaction with the Watson-Crick edges of the adenine and uracil bases.	Adenine	277-284	ZFP36 ring finger protein like 2	Homo sapiens	164-170
15888325-1	2005	Mitochondrial DNA 5178 cytosine/adenine polymorphism, which is also called NADH dehydrogenase subunit-2 237 leucine/methionine (ND2-237 Leu/Met) polymorphism is associated with Japanese longevity.	Adenine	32-39	mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 2	Homo sapiens	75-103
15808862-5	2005	Pim1 is unique among protein kinases due to the presence of a proline residue at position 123 that precludes the formation of the canonical second hydrogen bond between the hinge backbone and the adenine moiety of ATP.	Adenine	196-203	Pim-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-4
15851060-1	2005	The recently discovered mammalian enzymes, APOBEC3G and 3F, induce guanine-to-adenine hypermutation in retroviruses.	Adenine	78-85	apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3G	Homo sapiens	43-58
15835884-4	2005	Here we report that UDG kinetically and thermodynamically prefers substrate sites where the uracil is paired with an unnatural adenine analogue that lacks any Watson-Crick hydrogen-bonding groups.	Adenine	127-134	uracil DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	20-23
15863652-5	2005	To date, the genetic associations with IPF that have been reported in different cohorts include the genes encoding tumour necrosis factor (TNF; -308 adenine), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (+2018 thymidine) and association with severity and progression (interleukin-6/TNF receptor II and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFB1; +869 cytosine)), but none of these associations have been replicated by others.	Adenine	149-156	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	115-137
15897636-3	2005	It was located in the noncoding region of the ferroportin 1; nucleotide 117 adenine was changed to guanine, 7 nucleotides downstream the iron responsive element (IRE) region.	Adenine	76-83	solute carrier family 40 member 1	Homo sapiens	46-59
15661655-5	2005	The Y150C mMYH enzyme showed a large decrease in the rate of adenine removal from both OG:A- and G:A-containing substrates, while G365D mMYH showed a decrease in the ability to catalyze adenine removal only with a G:A-containing substrate.	Adenine	61-68	mutY DNA glycosylase	Mus musculus	10-14
15632318-4	2005	The interplay between homology modeling and site-directed mutagenesis suggested that Asp280 residue of P2X(4)R coordinates ATP binding via the magnesium ion, Phe230 residue coordinates the binding of the adenine ring of ATP, and Lys190, His286, and Arg278 residues coordinate the actions of negatively charged alpha-, beta-, and gamma-phosphate groups, respectively.	Adenine	204-211	purinergic receptor P2X 4	Homo sapiens	103-110
15661655-5	2005	The Y150C mMYH enzyme showed a large decrease in the rate of adenine removal from both OG:A- and G:A-containing substrates, while G365D mMYH showed a decrease in the ability to catalyze adenine removal only with a G:A-containing substrate.	Adenine	186-193	mutY DNA glycosylase	Mus musculus	10-14
15661655-5	2005	The Y150C mMYH enzyme showed a large decrease in the rate of adenine removal from both OG:A- and G:A-containing substrates, while G365D mMYH showed a decrease in the ability to catalyze adenine removal only with a G:A-containing substrate.	Adenine	186-193	mutY DNA glycosylase	Mus musculus	136-140
15661655-8	2005	In contrast, the presence of Ape1 nearly completely inhibited adenine removal by Y150C mMYH from the OG:A mismatch substrate.	Adenine	62-69	apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1	Homo sapiens	29-33
15661655-8	2005	In contrast, the presence of Ape1 nearly completely inhibited adenine removal by Y150C mMYH from the OG:A mismatch substrate.	Adenine	62-69	mutY DNA glycosylase	Mus musculus	87-91
15813610-6	2005	This mutation, is the result of a guanine to adenine transition in codon 855 at position 2926 in exon 7 of the AR gene, which causes an alteration of the coding nucleotide triad from CGC to CAC, which subsequently causes the substitution from arginine to histidine in the amino acid sequence of the receptor protein molecule.	Adenine	45-52	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	111-113
15705505-6	2005	In addition, the RT-PCR analysis precisely mapped the branch point to an adenine located at 30 nucleotides before the 3" end of the first intron in BmA3.	Adenine	73-80	actin, cytoplasmic A3	Bombyx mori	148-152
15641040-3	2005	METHODS: The authors tested 12 desmoplastic melanoma specimens for the thymine (T)--&gt;adenine (A) missense mutation at nucleotide 1796 of the BRAF gene using a newly developed assay that employs a novel primer extension method.	Adenine	88-95	B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	144-148
15604413-9	2005	Moreover, preliminary radioligand binding studies with [3H]adenine at membranes of human astrocytoma 1321N1 cells suggest that a human ortholog of the rat adenine receptor exists.	Adenine	55-66	MAS related GPR family member X3	Rattus norvegicus	155-171
15695771-2	2005	A single adenine (A) to guanine (G) polymorphism at position -670 in the Fas gene (TNFRSF6) results in decreased Fas synthesis.	Adenine	9-16	Fas cell surface death receptor	Homo sapiens	83-90
15611052-4	2005	Analyses of ATPase activation suggested that the hMSH2-hMSH6 heterodimer only recognized FdUrd moieties (as the base 5-fluorouracil (FU) in DNA) when mispaired with guanine, but not paired with adenine.	Adenine	194-201	mutS homolog 2	Homo sapiens	49-54
15611052-4	2005	Analyses of ATPase activation suggested that the hMSH2-hMSH6 heterodimer only recognized FdUrd moieties (as the base 5-fluorouracil (FU) in DNA) when mispaired with guanine, but not paired with adenine.	Adenine	194-201	mutS homolog 6	Homo sapiens	55-60
15614794-4	2005	In this work, the adenines of the human telomeric repeat oligonucleotide d(TAGGGT) and d(AGGGT) were substituted by 2"-deoxy-8-(propyn-1-yl)adenosine (A--&gt;APr) or by 8-bromodeoxyadenosine (A--&gt;ABr).	Adenine	18-26	phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1	Homo sapiens	158-161
16245207-4	2005	PARP-1 activity was estimated radiochemically using egzogenous substrate adenine[14C]NAD.	Adenine	73-80	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	0-6
15681617-2	2005	We demonstrated that mouse MUTYH (mMUTYH) has a DNA glycosylase activity excising not only adenine opposite 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) but also 2-hydroxyadenine (2-OH-A) opposite guanine, using purified recombinant thioredoxin-mMUTYH fusion protein.	Adenine	91-98	mutY DNA glycosylase	Mus musculus	27-32
15681617-2	2005	We demonstrated that mouse MUTYH (mMUTYH) has a DNA glycosylase activity excising not only adenine opposite 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) but also 2-hydroxyadenine (2-OH-A) opposite guanine, using purified recombinant thioredoxin-mMUTYH fusion protein.	Adenine	91-98	mutY DNA glycosylase	Mus musculus	34-40
15681617-2	2005	We demonstrated that mouse MUTYH (mMUTYH) has a DNA glycosylase activity excising not only adenine opposite 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) but also 2-hydroxyadenine (2-OH-A) opposite guanine, using purified recombinant thioredoxin-mMUTYH fusion protein.	Adenine	91-98	mutY DNA glycosylase	Mus musculus	222-228
15673720-1	2005	The base excision repair DNA glycosylase MutY homolog (MYH) is responsible for removing adenines misincorporated into DNA opposite guanine or 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-guanine (8-oxoG), thereby preventing G:C to T:A mutations.	Adenine	88-96	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	55-58
16119884-7	2005	The culprit mutation (G1906S) in the canine gene COL7A1 (87.8% nucleotide sequence identity to the human counterpart) involves the replacement of guanine 5716 by adenine, leading to glycine substitution by serine at amino acid position 1906.	Adenine	162-169	collagen type VII alpha 1 chain	Canis lupus familiaris	49-55
15681617-3	2005	mMUTYH formed a stable complex with duplex oligonucleotides containing an adenine:8-oxoG pair, but the binding of mMUTYH to oligonucleotides containing a 2-OH-A:guanine pair was barely detectable, thus suggesting that mMUTYH recognizes and interacts with these two substrates in a different manner which may reflect the difference in the base excision repair process for each substrate.	Adenine	74-81	mutY DNA glycosylase	Mus musculus	0-6
15681617-4	2005	Mutant mMUTYH with G365D amino acid substitution, corresponding to a G382D germline mutation of human MUTYH found in familial adenomatous polyposis patients, almost completely retained its DNA glycosylase activity excising adenine opposite 8-oxoG; however, it possessed 1.5% of the wild-type activity excising 2-OH-A opposite guanine.	Adenine	223-230	mutY DNA glycosylase	Mus musculus	7-13
15681617-4	2005	Mutant mMUTYH with G365D amino acid substitution, corresponding to a G382D germline mutation of human MUTYH found in familial adenomatous polyposis patients, almost completely retained its DNA glycosylase activity excising adenine opposite 8-oxoG; however, it possessed 1.5% of the wild-type activity excising 2-OH-A opposite guanine.	Adenine	223-230	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	8-13
15533944-1	2005	The DNA glycosylase MutY homolog (MYH) is responsible for removing adenines misincorporated opposite DNA strands containing guanine or 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine by base excision repair thereby preventing G:C to T:A mutations.	Adenine	67-75	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	34-37
15533841-5	2005	Surprisingly, the intrinsic rates of adenine removal from both OG:A and G:A substrates by mMYH are diminished ( approximately 10-fold) compared to E. coli MutY.	Adenine	37-44	mutY DNA glycosylase	Mus musculus	90-94
15533841-7	2005	Interestingly, the rate of removal of 2-hydroxyadenine mispaired with OG or G in duplex DNA by mMYH was similar to the rate of adenine removal from the analogous context.	Adenine	47-54	mutY DNA glycosylase	Mus musculus	95-99
15672026-2	2005	METHODS: Buccal swabs from 119 mother-infant sets were analyzed for an adenine (A) to guanine (G) substitution at position -670 in the TNFRSF6 promoter.	Adenine	71-78	Fas cell surface death receptor	Homo sapiens	135-142
15734211-5	2005	Combined polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and automated DNA-sequencing approaches indicated an adenine insertion at the position-1973 (relative to the ATG codon at+1) of CDKN2 promoter in one particular patient.	Adenine	139-146	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Homo sapiens	214-219
15704675-1	2005	OBJECTIVES: To study the expression of Smad1 and Smad5 in the testis of infertile rats with adenine-modeled kidney-yang deficiency and the pathological mechanism of infertility with kidney-yang deficiency, attempting to obtain experimental evidence for the prevention and treatment of male infertility.	Adenine	92-99	SMAD family member 1	Rattus norvegicus	39-44
16080294-4	2005	This new mutation is a guanine to adenine change at nucleotide 283 (283G --&gt; A) of the NOG gene, and is transmitted in the family (in the heterozygote form) by the affected mother to her two affected children.	Adenine	34-41	noggin	Homo sapiens	90-93
16438034-1	2005	Acyclic N9 adenine nucleosides substituted at C-1" position were prepared by the Mitsunobu reaction of 1-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-4-pivaloylbutan-1,2,4-triol (5) with adenine.	Adenine	11-18	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C	Homo sapiens	46-49
15704675-1	2005	OBJECTIVES: To study the expression of Smad1 and Smad5 in the testis of infertile rats with adenine-modeled kidney-yang deficiency and the pathological mechanism of infertility with kidney-yang deficiency, attempting to obtain experimental evidence for the prevention and treatment of male infertility.	Adenine	92-99	SMAD family member 5	Rattus norvegicus	49-54
15704675-10	2005	CONCLUSION: The weaker expression of Smad1 and no expression of Smad5 may be one of the pathological mechanisms of infertility with adenine-modeled kidney-yang deficiency.	Adenine	132-139	SMAD family member 1	Rattus norvegicus	37-42
15704521-2	2004	AR gene has a polymorphic microsatellite encoding cytosine, adenine, and guanine (CAG) repeats.	Adenine	60-67	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	0-2
15523639-3	2004	Here, we report the sequence of the FOXC2 gene in a German-Irish family with LD in six affected relatives over three generations and identify a single adenine base pair insertion at nt 1006--1007.	Adenine	151-158	forkhead box C2	Homo sapiens	36-41
15608603-3	2004	This study was undertaken to test whether the NP, LAD-1, and LAD-2 lines of rats could display an ADE as well.	Adenine	98-101	ladinin 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-55
15576359-2	2004	We previously found that the causative mutation is an insertion of an extra adenine residue within a tract of nine A"s in exon 21 of the 27 exon canine AP3B1 gene.	Adenine	76-83	adaptor related protein complex 3 subunit beta 1	Canis lupus familiaris	152-157
15371490-3	2004	We show that NS3, a nonstructural, HCV-encoded protein, induces a prolonged release of oxygen radicals from mononuclear and polymorphnuclear phagocytes by activating a key enzyme in radical formation, the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase.	Adenine	226-233	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	13-16
15644595-2	2004	The molecular basis of BLAD is a single point mutation (adenine to guanine) at position 383 of the CD18 gene, which caused an aspartic acid to glycine substitution at amino acid 128 (D128G) in the adhesion molecule CD18.	Adenine	56-63	integrin subunit beta 2	Bos taurus	99-103
15644595-2	2004	The molecular basis of BLAD is a single point mutation (adenine to guanine) at position 383 of the CD18 gene, which caused an aspartic acid to glycine substitution at amino acid 128 (D128G) in the adhesion molecule CD18.	Adenine	56-63	integrin subunit beta 2	Bos taurus	215-219
15476678-3	2004	In the case of the P2Y(1) receptor the preferred base is adenine, while the P2Y(6) receptor is activated by uracil nucleotides.	Adenine	57-64	purinergic receptor P2Y1	Homo sapiens	19-34
15355964-0	2004	Mutation of the aromatic amino acid interacting with adenine moiety of ATP to a polar residue alters the properties of multidrug resistance protein 1.	Adenine	53-60	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	119-149
15313459-3	2004	This compound is metabolized solely by MTA-phosphorylase, to yield 5-methylthioribose-1-phosphate and adenine, a crucial step in the methionine and purine salvage pathways, respectively.	Adenine	102-109	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	39-56
15511635-1	2004	Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) is a key enzyme in the methionine and adenine salvage pathways.	Adenine	79-86	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	0-33
15511635-1	2004	Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) is a key enzyme in the methionine and adenine salvage pathways.	Adenine	79-86	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	35-39
15337762-3	2004	Promoter/reporter construct analysis of the murine PHEX gene in transfected UMR-106 cells localized the repressive effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 to the -133 to -74 bp region, and gel mobility shift experiments revealed that 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment of the cells diminished the binding of a nuclear protein(s) to a stretch of 17 adenines from bp -116 to -100 in the proximal PHEX promoter.	Adenine	317-325	phosphate regulating endopeptidase homolog, X-linked	Mus musculus	51-55
15604023-1	2004	A guanine to adenine point mutation results in an arginine (R) to histidine (H) substitution in FcgammaRIIa at residue 131 that strongly impacts receptor function.	Adenine	13-20	Fc gamma receptor IIa	Homo sapiens	96-107
15388802-9	2004	Our current model suggests that the Rad6-Rad18 complex targets Poleta at DNA gaps that result from the MMR-mediated excision of adenine mispaired with 8-oxoG, allowing error-free dCMP incorporation opposite to this lesion.	Adenine	128-135	E2 ubiquitin-conjugating protein RAD6	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	36-40
15195111-4	2004	We tested 16 anaplastic thyroid carcinomas for the thymine (T) --&gt; adenine (A) missense mutation at nucleotide 1796 in the BRAF gene using a newly developed assay that employs a novel primer extension method (Mutector assay).	Adenine	70-77	B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	126-130
15496210-2	2004	The nucleotide sequence of exon 2 observed in the new allele is identical to that of HLA-DRB1*010201 except in position 189 (codon 34) where the adenine of the consensus was replaced by a guanine and it was designated officially as HLA-DRB1*010203* by the WHO Nomenclature Committee.	Adenine	145-152	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	Homo sapiens	85-93
15180946-1	2004	The MYH gene encodes a DNA glycosylase involved in the excision repair of adenines paired with 8-hydroxyguanines, a major component of oxidative DNA damage, and bi-allelic germline MYH mutations have been reported to predispose individuals to multiple colorectal adenomas and carcinoma.	Adenine	74-82	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	4-7
15388802-9	2004	Our current model suggests that the Rad6-Rad18 complex targets Poleta at DNA gaps that result from the MMR-mediated excision of adenine mispaired with 8-oxoG, allowing error-free dCMP incorporation opposite to this lesion.	Adenine	128-135	E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RAD18	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	41-46
15310837-2	2004	The mammalian homolog of the Escherichia coli MutY DNA glycosylase (MYH) cleaves adenine residues paired with either oxidized or non-modified guanines.	Adenine	81-88	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	68-71
15317456-3	2004	We suggest that the p-methoxyphenyl ring of these cyclic depsipeptides is inserted into the same pocket in eEF1A that normally lodges either the 3" terminal adenine of aminoacylated tRNA, as inferred from two prokaryotic EF-Tu.GTP.tRNA complexes, or the aromatic side chain of Phe/Tyr-163 from the nucleotide exchange factor eEF1Balpha, as observed in several X-ray crystal structures of a yeast eEF1A:eEF1Balpha complex.	Adenine	157-164	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1	Homo sapiens	107-112
15358193-7	2004	We also described the marked activation of Ltp1 by adenine in S. cerevisiae proteome and determined in vivo the influence of tyrosine phosphorylation on Fpr3 localization.	Adenine	51-58	tyrosine protein phosphatase LTP1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	43-47
15315819-5	2004	The oligocapping method revealed that the transcriptional start point (tsp) of the human pepck2 gene is located at 97 bp upstream of the first adenine residue of the translation start site.	Adenine	143-150	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	89-95
15571037-4	2004	By inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) with 3-aminobenzamidine and treatment of ADP-ribosylated proteins with phosphodiesterase I, it was demonstrated that about 90% of [3H]-adenin bound by proteins in the nuclei and 70% in the mitochondria was the result of PARP activity.	Adenine	187-193	poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-44
15328606-4	2004	In a recent bovine PAP structure complexed with an analog of ATP and Mn2+, strictly conserved residues interact selectively with the adenine base, but the nucleotide was found in a "non-productive" conformation.	Adenine	133-140	poly(A) polymerase alpha	Homo sapiens	19-22
15286263-3	2004	The adenine-containing alleles of TNF-alpha-308 and lymphotoxin-alpha+250 have been associated with increased levels of TNF-alpha, whereas the adenine allele of TNF-alpha-238 produces lower levels of TNF-alpha after stimulation.	Adenine	4-11	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	34-43
15265078-3	2004	A nucleotide transversion from adenine (A) to thymidine (T) at position 980 of the open reading frame of the PIT1 cDNA (GenBank accession no.	Adenine	31-38	POU class 1 homeobox 1	Gallus gallus	109-113
15286263-3	2004	The adenine-containing alleles of TNF-alpha-308 and lymphotoxin-alpha+250 have been associated with increased levels of TNF-alpha, whereas the adenine allele of TNF-alpha-238 produces lower levels of TNF-alpha after stimulation.	Adenine	4-11	lymphotoxin alpha	Homo sapiens	52-69
15286263-3	2004	The adenine-containing alleles of TNF-alpha-308 and lymphotoxin-alpha+250 have been associated with increased levels of TNF-alpha, whereas the adenine allele of TNF-alpha-238 produces lower levels of TNF-alpha after stimulation.	Adenine	4-11	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	120-129
15286263-3	2004	The adenine-containing alleles of TNF-alpha-308 and lymphotoxin-alpha+250 have been associated with increased levels of TNF-alpha, whereas the adenine allele of TNF-alpha-238 produces lower levels of TNF-alpha after stimulation.	Adenine	4-11	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	120-129
15286263-3	2004	The adenine-containing alleles of TNF-alpha-308 and lymphotoxin-alpha+250 have been associated with increased levels of TNF-alpha, whereas the adenine allele of TNF-alpha-238 produces lower levels of TNF-alpha after stimulation.	Adenine	4-11	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	120-129
15286263-12	2004	The adenine allele of TNF-alpha-238 was absent among infants with severe BPD and occurred significantly less often among infants with moderate or severe BPD, compared with infants with mild BPD.	Adenine	4-11	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	22-31
15286263-13	2004	The number of adenine alleles of TNF-alpha-238 was correlated inversely with the severity of BPD (r = -.341).	Adenine	14-21	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	33-42
15286263-14	2004	CONCLUSION: The adenine allele of TNF-alpha-238 may reduce the risk and severity of BPD.	Adenine	16-23	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	34-43
15254543-4	2004	hPoliota incorporates the correct nucleotide opposite a template adenine with a several hundred to several thousand fold greater efficiency than it incorporates the correct nucleotide opposite a template thymine, whereas its efficiency for correct nucleotide incorporation opposite a template guanine or cytosine is intermediate between these two extremes.	Adenine	65-72	DNA polymerase mu	Homo sapiens	0-8
16136963-9	2004	After the withdrawal of adenine, the ARF model rats recovered gradually in their renal functions, and the same was true for the expressions of ET-1 and NOS.	Adenine	24-31	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	143-155
15123654-4	2004	The nucleotide sequence at -468 bp from the putative starting point of the SREBP-1c gene was adenine in the DBA group while it was guanine in the CBA group.	Adenine	93-100	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	75-83
15085340-2	2004	We identified a novel homozygous deletion of nucleotide 2,311 adenine in the kidney type Na+/HCO3- cotransporter (kNBC1) cDNA in a patient with permanent isolated pRTA.	Adenine	62-69	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	114-119
15182186-0	2004	Correlation of an adenine-specific conformational change with the ATP-dependent peptidase activity of Escherichia coli Lon.	Adenine	18-25	putative ATP-dependent Lon protease	Escherichia coli	119-122
15182186-7	2004	Both adenine-containing nucleotides and CTP protect a 67 kDa fragment of Lon from tryptic digestion.	Adenine	5-12	putative ATP-dependent Lon protease	Escherichia coli	73-76
15306462-6	2004	Recent experimental studies of a pair of stereoisomeric adenine adducts, derived from (+) and (-)-anti-BPDEs, have revealed how these lesions influence the complexation of TBP with the TATA box.	Adenine	56-63	TATA-box binding protein	Homo sapiens	172-175
15306462-10	2004	The effect on binding stability can be interpreted in terms of conformational freedom and major-groove space available to BP due to the hydrogen bonds and inserted phenylalanines of the TATA-TBP complex; that is, depending on the position of the adenine to which BP is covalently bound, BP can be accommodated in an intercalated or major-groove orientation with ease or with difficulty (due to interference with TATA-TBP interactions).	Adenine	246-253	TATA-box binding protein	Homo sapiens	191-194
15306462-10	2004	The effect on binding stability can be interpreted in terms of conformational freedom and major-groove space available to BP due to the hydrogen bonds and inserted phenylalanines of the TATA-TBP complex; that is, depending on the position of the adenine to which BP is covalently bound, BP can be accommodated in an intercalated or major-groove orientation with ease or with difficulty (due to interference with TATA-TBP interactions).	Adenine	246-253	TATA-box binding protein	Homo sapiens	417-420
15196008-1	2004	In mammals, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT, EC 2.4.2.7) is present in all tissues and provides the only known mechanism for the metabolic salvage of adenine resulting from the polyamine biosynthesis pathway or from dietary sources.	Adenine	12-19	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	47-51
15196008-6	2004	The core of APRT is similar to that of other phosphoribosyltransferases (PRTases), although the adenine-binding domain is quite different.	Adenine	96-103	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	12-16
15199168-1	2004	MutY homolog (MUTYH) excises adenine opposite 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) in DNA, thus preventing occurrence of G:C to T:A transversion.	Adenine	29-36	mutY DNA glycosylase	Mus musculus	14-19
15199168-2	2004	In cell-free extract prepared from the thymocytes of wild type but not MUTYH-null mice, adenine opposite 8-oxoG in DNA was excised by MUTYH, however, the generated apurinic (AP) site opposite 8-oxoG mostly remained unincised.	Adenine	88-95	mutY DNA glycosylase	Mus musculus	134-139
15199168-3	2004	Recombinant mouse MUTYH (mMUTYH) efficiently excised adenine opposite 8-oxoG and prevented mouse AP endonuclease (mAPEX1) from incising the generated AP site.	Adenine	53-60	mutY DNA glycosylase	Mus musculus	18-23
15199168-3	2004	Recombinant mouse MUTYH (mMUTYH) efficiently excised adenine opposite 8-oxoG and prevented mouse AP endonuclease (mAPEX1) from incising the generated AP site.	Adenine	53-60	mutY DNA glycosylase	Mus musculus	25-31
15199168-5	2004	Mutant mMUTYH with R361A or G365D substitution, excised adenine opposite 8-oxoG as efficiently as did wild-type mMUTYH, but failed to prevent mAPEX1 from incising the generated AP site.	Adenine	56-63	mutY DNA glycosylase	Mus musculus	7-13
15199168-6	2004	Wild-type mMUTYH bound duplex oligonucleotides containing A:8-oxoG pair with a lower apparent K(d) than that of the mutants, and prevented OGG1 from excising 8-oxoG opposite adenine or the generated AP site.	Adenine	174-181	mutY DNA glycosylase	Mus musculus	10-16
15199168-6	2004	Wild-type mMUTYH bound duplex oligonucleotides containing A:8-oxoG pair with a lower apparent K(d) than that of the mutants, and prevented OGG1 from excising 8-oxoG opposite adenine or the generated AP site.	Adenine	174-181	8-oxoguanine DNA-glycosylase 1	Mus musculus	139-143
15245207-3	2004	Our tip-enhanced CARS microscope visualized the DNA network structure at a specific vibrational frequency (approximately 1337 cm(-1)) corresponding to the ring-breathing mode of diazole of adenine molecules.	Adenine	189-196	TOR signaling pathway regulator	Homo sapiens	4-7
15004210-5	2004	We show here that SUR1 modifies the ATP-binding pocket of Kir6.2, by increasing the width of the groove that binds the phosphate tail of ATP, without changing the length of the groove, and by enhancing interaction with the adenine ring.	Adenine	223-230	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	18-22
15004210-5	2004	We show here that SUR1 modifies the ATP-binding pocket of Kir6.2, by increasing the width of the groove that binds the phosphate tail of ATP, without changing the length of the groove, and by enhancing interaction with the adenine ring.	Adenine	223-230	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 11	Homo sapiens	58-64
15293549-5	2004	MUTYH excises adenine opposite 8-oxoG, and thus suppresses 8-oxoG-induced mutagenesis.	Adenine	14-21	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	0-5
14759222-2	2004	In this assay, expression of hENT1 in a yeast strain deficient in adenine biosynthesis (ade2) permits yeast growth on a plate lacking adenine but containing adenosine, a hENT1 substrate.	Adenine	66-73	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	29-34
14759222-2	2004	In this assay, expression of hENT1 in a yeast strain deficient in adenine biosynthesis (ade2) permits yeast growth on a plate lacking adenine but containing adenosine, a hENT1 substrate.	Adenine	66-73	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	170-175
14759222-2	2004	In this assay, expression of hENT1 in a yeast strain deficient in adenine biosynthesis (ade2) permits yeast growth on a plate lacking adenine but containing adenosine, a hENT1 substrate.	Adenine	134-141	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	29-34
15064320-5	2004	SRD5A2 gene analysis revealed 2 consecutive mutations in exon 4, each located in a different allele: 1) a T nucleotide deletion, which predicts a frameshift mutation from codon 219, and 2) a missense mutation at codon 227, where the substitution of guanine (CGA) by adenine (CAA) predicts a glutamine replacement of arginine (R227Q).	Adenine	266-273	steroid 5 alpha-reductase 2	Homo sapiens	0-6
15126572-6	2004	The molecular genetic study of the BRAF gene showed the presence of a missense thymine to adenine transversion at nucleotide 1796, resulting in the V599E substitution, in 24 of 60 PTCs (40%), none of six follicular adenomas, and none of five follicular carcinomas or one anaplastic carcinoma.	Adenine	90-97	B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	35-39
15120698-2	2004	The AR gene is located on the X chromosome and contains a highly polymorphic trinucleotide repeat (cytosine, adenine, and guanine: CAG) in its first exon, whose length and methylation pattern affect both AR expression and function.	Adenine	109-116	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	4-6
15102941-12	2004	Consistently, Ade-NOS-infected ECs showed an increase of ATF3 level.	Adenine	14-17	activating transcription factor 3	Homo sapiens	57-61
15110318-3	2004	Human mitochondrial transcription factor B1 (TFB1M) has been proposed as a candidate for being such a modifier, since it methylates adenine residues in the adjacent loop of the A1555G mutation in the 12S rRNA gene.	Adenine	132-139	transcription factor B1, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	45-50
15161508-3	2004	RESULTS: Genotypes associated with guanine to adenine substitution at position -308 of TNF-alpha promoter gene occurred more commonly in the patients than in health controls (53.1% vs. 27.1%, RR = 3.05, P &lt; 0.01).	Adenine	46-53	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	87-96
15161508-5	2004	CONCLUSION: Genotypes associated with guanine to adenine substitution at position -308 of TNF-alpha promoter gene (TNF-308A) may involve in the pathogenesis of type I AIH	Adenine	49-56	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	90-99
15161508-5	2004	CONCLUSION: Genotypes associated with guanine to adenine substitution at position -308 of TNF-alpha promoter gene (TNF-308A) may involve in the pathogenesis of type I AIH	Adenine	49-56	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	90-93
14979495-6	2004	The TLR2 polymorphism (adenine (A) allele) was observed in 17.9 and 7.7% of TB patients and controls, respectively.	Adenine	23-30	toll like receptor 2	Homo sapiens	4-8
15017213-1	2004	PURPOSE: A single nucleotide polymorphism with adenine (A) to guanine (G) substitution is identified at position -158 in the androgen response elements region of the prostate specific antigen (PSA) gene.	Adenine	47-54	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	166-191
15017213-1	2004	PURPOSE: A single nucleotide polymorphism with adenine (A) to guanine (G) substitution is identified at position -158 in the androgen response elements region of the prostate specific antigen (PSA) gene.	Adenine	47-54	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	193-196
14690456-6	2004	The site of mutation on the RKI1 gene was identified as position 566 with a transition from guanine to adenine, resulting in amino acid substitution of Arg-189 with lysine.	Adenine	103-110	ribose-5-phosphate isomerase RKI1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	28-32
15028690-2	2004	strain PCC7120 gene encoding DNA methyltransferase AvaIII, which methylates adenine in the recognition sequence, ATGCAT.	Adenine	76-83	MEcoRV	Escherichia coli	29-50
15028690-4	2004	Methylation and restriction analysis showed that the DNA methyltransferase methylates the first adenine in the sequence ATGCAT.	Adenine	96-103	MEcoRV	Escherichia coli	53-74
14688248-4	2004	Comparisons of the rate enhancements for excision of normal and modified purine nucleobases provide evidence that AAG excludes the normal purines via steric clashes with the exocyclic amino groups of adenine and guanine.	Adenine	200-207	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	114-117
14699168-12	2004	These results suggest that residues Lys-68, Phe-185, Phe-291, Arg-292, and Lys-309 contribute to ligand binding at P2X(1) receptors, with Phe-185 and Phe-291 coordinating the binding of the adenine ring of ATP.	Adenine	190-197	purinergic receptor P2X 1	Homo sapiens	115-121
15076227-2	2004	Since cardiomyocytes can be protected from ischemia-reoxygenation injury by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors mimicking the adenine/ADP part of NAD, their structural resemblance to ADP may also enable the blockade of platelet aggregation via binding to ADP receptors.	Adenine	136-143	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	76-103
15076227-2	2004	Since cardiomyocytes can be protected from ischemia-reoxygenation injury by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors mimicking the adenine/ADP part of NAD, their structural resemblance to ADP may also enable the blockade of platelet aggregation via binding to ADP receptors.	Adenine	136-143	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	105-109
14713779-1	2004	PURPOSE: A single nucleotide substitution of guanine to adenine (A) at base +316 in the ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) gene may be associated with greater ODC expression and increased tumor growth.	Adenine	56-63	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	88-111
14713779-1	2004	PURPOSE: A single nucleotide substitution of guanine to adenine (A) at base +316 in the ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) gene may be associated with greater ODC expression and increased tumor growth.	Adenine	56-63	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	113-116
14713779-1	2004	PURPOSE: A single nucleotide substitution of guanine to adenine (A) at base +316 in the ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) gene may be associated with greater ODC expression and increased tumor growth.	Adenine	56-63	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	154-157
14742662-8	2004	Recombinant MUTYHalpha possessed DNA glycosylase activities to excise adenine opposite 8-oxoguanine and guanine but not AP lyase activity.	Adenine	70-77	mutY DNA glycosylase	Mus musculus	12-22
14648325-2	2004	Recently it was reported that polymorphism at -20 from adenine to cytosine in the angiotensinogen gene, increasing the level of this transcript, was associated with the progression of renal dysfunction in adult IgA nephropathy.	Adenine	55-62	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	82-97
14736238-18	2004	Adenine analogues 5a and 6a were moderately active as substrates for adenosine deaminase.	Adenine	0-7	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	69-88
14765837-3	2004	ACE I/D, AGT gene M235T and AT1R-adenine/cytosine 1166 (A1166C) genotype polymorphisms were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) -based restriction analysis.	Adenine	33-40	angiotensin II receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	28-32
14698151-0	2004	Adenine derived inhibitors of the molecular chaperone HSP90-SAR explained through multiple X-ray structures.	Adenine	0-7	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	54-59
14698151-0	2004	Adenine derived inhibitors of the molecular chaperone HSP90-SAR explained through multiple X-ray structures.	Adenine	0-7	sarcosine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	60-63
14698151-1	2004	Multiple co-crystal structures of an adenine-based series of inhibitors bound to the molecular chaperone Hsp90 have been determined.	Adenine	37-44	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	105-110
14729623-1	2004	The human embryonic-lethal abnormal vision-like protein HuR is involved in the regulation of mRNA turnover and serves as a shuttling protein between the nucleus and the cytoplasm that stabilizes mRNAs containing adenine- and uridine-rich elements in their 3" untranslated region.	Adenine	212-219	ELAV like RNA binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	56-59
14729623-3	2004	Other studies have shown that the COX-2 mRNA contains an adenine- and uridine-rich element and is stabilized by HuR.	Adenine	57-64	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	34-39
15566964-0	2004	The influence of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA) on the adenine energy charge and glutathione content of human erythrocytes.	Adenine	55-62	cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	43-46
15103102-13	2004	The dissociation reactions of deprotonated adenine, however, proceed by elimination of HCN and (2) elimination of NCHNH (NCHND).	Adenine	43-50	metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1	Homo sapiens	87-90
14584937-1	2003	The synthesis of a series of adenophostin A analogues modified at C-6 and C-2 of adenine is described.	Adenine	81-88	complement C2	Homo sapiens	74-77
15113027-1	2004	The kinetic parameters of adenosine deaminase such as Km and Ki were determined in the absence and presence of adenine derivatives (R1-R24) in sodium phosphate buffer (50 mM; pH 7.5) solution at 27 degrees C. These kinetic parameters were used for QSAR analysis.	Adenine	111-118	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	26-45
14657069-2	2003	A common adenine-to-guanine substitution polymorphism (A870G) in the CCND1 gene results in an altered messenger RNA transcript and a longer-life protein, which are preferentially encoded by the A allele.	Adenine	9-16	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	69-74
14642594-3	2003	Among the compounds prepared, compound 9o possessing a 2-methoxyethylamino group at C(2)-position of adenine was found to exhibit potent IFN inducing activity in vivo.	Adenine	101-108	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	137-140
14656360-8	2003	The second group includes interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-12, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-4, and IL-10, whose levels of mRNA expression were elevated in both types of AD patients without differences between ADe and ADi patients.	Adenine	242-245	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	132-137
17150494-3	2004	PyT-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) exhibit an intense fluorescence only when PyT forms a complementary base pair with adenine.	Adenine	127-134	TTK protein kinase	Homo sapiens	0-3
17150494-3	2004	PyT-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) exhibit an intense fluorescence only when PyT forms a complementary base pair with adenine.	Adenine	127-134	TTK protein kinase	Homo sapiens	86-89
14644392-5	2003	Incubation of cells with ACAT inhibitor plus apoA-I resulted in FC efflux (0.39 +/- 0.02%/h) along with a reduction in cytotoxicity (26.30 +/- 5.80%), measured by adenine release.	Adenine	163-170	carboxylesterase 1G	Mus musculus	25-29
14644392-5	2003	Incubation of cells with ACAT inhibitor plus apoA-I resulted in FC efflux (0.39 +/- 0.02%/h) along with a reduction in cytotoxicity (26.30 +/- 5.80%), measured by adenine release.	Adenine	163-170	apolipoprotein A-I	Mus musculus	45-51
14617085-7	2003	We also found that the AGP1 binding activity is highly enhanced by adenine methylation of the AG-motif by bacterial dam methylase.	Adenine	67-74	GATA transcription factor 8-like	Nicotiana tabacum	23-27
14555470-7	2003	GCN5 is required for activation upon adenine limitation by Bas1p/Bas2p.	Adenine	37-44	Bas1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	59-64
12881525-2	2003	Here we examined the effect of cis- and trans-opened 3,4-diol 1,2-epoxide (DE) DNA adducts of benzo[c]phenanthrene (BcPh) at N6 of adenine on helicase activity.	Adenine	131-138	helicase for meiosis 1	Homo sapiens	142-150
12917422-1	2003	To evaluate the antimutagenic role of a mammalian mutY homolog, namely the Mutyh gene, which encodes adenine DNA glycosylase excising adenine misincorporated opposite 8-oxoguanine in the template DNA, we generated MUTYH-null mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells.	Adenine	101-108	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	75-80
12917422-1	2003	To evaluate the antimutagenic role of a mammalian mutY homolog, namely the Mutyh gene, which encodes adenine DNA glycosylase excising adenine misincorporated opposite 8-oxoguanine in the template DNA, we generated MUTYH-null mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells.	Adenine	101-108	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	214-219
12952900-7	2003	This data supports the view that Cerberus function is required in the leading edge of the ADE for correct induction and patterning of the neuroectoderm.	Adenine	90-93	cerberus 1, DAN family BMP antagonist S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	33-41
14637250-10	2003	The removal of the mismatched adenine is followed by preferential insertion of a cytosine leading to the formation of 8oxoG/C pairs which are then corrected by OGG1-mediated BER.	Adenine	30-37	8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	160-164
14555470-7	2003	GCN5 is required for activation upon adenine limitation by Bas1p/Bas2p.	Adenine	37-44	Pho2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	65-70
12915775-0	2003	Effects of erythropoietin-gene electrotransfer in rats with adenine-induced renal failure.	Adenine	60-67	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	11-25
12905068-1	2003	Although polymorphism of the mitochondrial DNA 15497guanine/adenine (Mt15497G--&gt;A) leads to the Gly251Ser amino acid replacement on human cytochrome b, it is unknown whether functional alteration of the mitochondrion is induced by the Gly251Ser replacement.	Adenine	60-67	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b	Homo sapiens	141-153
14580339-2	2003	We found that Mdm2 binds adenine-containing nucleotides preferentially and that nucleotide binding leads to a conformational change in the Mdm2 C terminus.	Adenine	25-32	MDM2 proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	14-18
12819858-2	2003	The ade1 / ade2 mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, when grown on adenine-limiting medium, accumulate a characteristic red pigment (ade pigment) in their vacuoles.	Adenine	67-74	phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	4-8
12921500-9	2003	All patients receiving COX-2 inhibitors and 91% of patients receiving nonselective NSAIDs exhibited risk factors that increased their risk to experience an ADE; all but 1 of these patients were receiving outpatient COX-2 inhibitor therapy.	Adenine	156-159	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	23-28
12871650-8	2003	In terms of alcohol drinking behavior, compared to wild-types, GluR1-/- mice differed neither in the acquisition of voluntary ethanol consumption nor in stress-induced ethanol drinking, nor in the expression of an alcohol deprivation effect (ADE) which is used as a model of relapse-like drinking behavior.	Adenine	242-245	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA1 (alpha 1)	Mus musculus	63-68
12923492-12	2003	IL-6 production was least for individuals homozygous for the haplotype containing adenine at -597 and cytosine at -174.	Adenine	82-89	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	0-4
14570288-1	2003	The DNA repair protein O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) removes mutagenic adducts from the O6 position of guanine, thereby protecting the genome against guanine : cytosine to adenine : thymine transition and, meanwhile, conferring tumor resistance to many anti-cancer alkylating agents commonly used in the treatment of malignant gliomas.	Adenine	188-195	O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	23-61
14570288-1	2003	The DNA repair protein O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) removes mutagenic adducts from the O6 position of guanine, thereby protecting the genome against guanine : cytosine to adenine : thymine transition and, meanwhile, conferring tumor resistance to many anti-cancer alkylating agents commonly used in the treatment of malignant gliomas.	Adenine	188-195	O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	63-67
12819858-2	2003	The ade1 / ade2 mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, when grown on adenine-limiting medium, accumulate a characteristic red pigment (ade pigment) in their vacuoles.	Adenine	67-74	phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase ADE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	11-15
12773753-8	2003	Pretreatment of RAW 264.7 cells with two inhibitors of PKR, 2-aminopurine (2-AP) or adenine (Ad), markedly impaired MAPK phosphorylation in RAW 264.7 cells according to the following rank order JNK&gt;p38&gt;ERK.	Adenine	84-91	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	116-120
12893982-0	2003	Functional significance of a hereditary adenine insertion variant in the 5"-UTR of the endothelin-1 gene.	Adenine	40-47	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	87-99
12893982-2	2003	The human preproendothelin-1 mRNA contains a frequent adenine insertion polymorphism (allele frequency = 0.28) within the 5"-untranslated region (5"-UTR), 138 bp downstream of the transcription start site, which was assumed to be related to hypertension.	Adenine	54-61	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	10-28
12915634-12	2003	After birth of the two affected siblings, genomic DNA sequencing identified the presence of compound heterozygous mutations of the Tg gene: the paternal mutation consists of a cytosine deletion at nucleotide 1143 in exon 9 (1143delC), resulting in a frameshift that generates a stop codon at position 382, and the maternal mutation is a guanine to adenine substitution at position 6725 in exon 38, creating the R2223H missense mutation in the acetylcholinesterase homology domain of Tg.	Adenine	348-355	thyroglobulin	Homo sapiens	131-133
12773753-8	2003	Pretreatment of RAW 264.7 cells with two inhibitors of PKR, 2-aminopurine (2-AP) or adenine (Ad), markedly impaired MAPK phosphorylation in RAW 264.7 cells according to the following rank order JNK&gt;p38&gt;ERK.	Adenine	84-91	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	194-197
12773753-8	2003	Pretreatment of RAW 264.7 cells with two inhibitors of PKR, 2-aminopurine (2-AP) or adenine (Ad), markedly impaired MAPK phosphorylation in RAW 264.7 cells according to the following rank order JNK&gt;p38&gt;ERK.	Adenine	84-91	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	201-204
12773753-8	2003	Pretreatment of RAW 264.7 cells with two inhibitors of PKR, 2-aminopurine (2-AP) or adenine (Ad), markedly impaired MAPK phosphorylation in RAW 264.7 cells according to the following rank order JNK&gt;p38&gt;ERK.	Adenine	93-95	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 2	Mus musculus	55-58
12773753-8	2003	Pretreatment of RAW 264.7 cells with two inhibitors of PKR, 2-aminopurine (2-AP) or adenine (Ad), markedly impaired MAPK phosphorylation in RAW 264.7 cells according to the following rank order JNK&gt;p38&gt;ERK.	Adenine	93-95	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	116-120
12773753-8	2003	Pretreatment of RAW 264.7 cells with two inhibitors of PKR, 2-aminopurine (2-AP) or adenine (Ad), markedly impaired MAPK phosphorylation in RAW 264.7 cells according to the following rank order JNK&gt;p38&gt;ERK.	Adenine	93-95	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	194-197
12773753-8	2003	Pretreatment of RAW 264.7 cells with two inhibitors of PKR, 2-aminopurine (2-AP) or adenine (Ad), markedly impaired MAPK phosphorylation in RAW 264.7 cells according to the following rank order JNK&gt;p38&gt;ERK.	Adenine	93-95	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	201-204
12823962-9	2003	Alkylation was detected for stem nucleotides, which are not involved in the normal base-pairing and stacking typical of double-stranded structures, such as adenine 15 of the SL2 triple-base platform.	Adenine	156-163	matrix metallopeptidase 10	Homo sapiens	174-177
12853604-8	2003	It thus appears that mEndo V has properties overlapping the function of alkylbase DNA glycosylase (Aag) in repair of deaminated adenine, which to some extent could explain the absence of phenotypic abnormalities associated with Aag knockout in mice.	Adenine	128-135	endonuclease V	Mus musculus	21-28
12853604-8	2003	It thus appears that mEndo V has properties overlapping the function of alkylbase DNA glycosylase (Aag) in repair of deaminated adenine, which to some extent could explain the absence of phenotypic abnormalities associated with Aag knockout in mice.	Adenine	128-135	N-methylpurine-DNA glycosylase	Mus musculus	72-97
12853604-8	2003	It thus appears that mEndo V has properties overlapping the function of alkylbase DNA glycosylase (Aag) in repair of deaminated adenine, which to some extent could explain the absence of phenotypic abnormalities associated with Aag knockout in mice.	Adenine	128-135	N-methylpurine-DNA glycosylase	Mus musculus	99-102
12702730-0	2003	Bcl-2 protein is required for the adenine/uridine-rich element (ARE)-dependent degradation of its own messenger.	Adenine	34-41	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	0-5
12851932-9	2003	In contrast, in the case of d&lt;pCATTCATT&gt;, the stem is formed by two A-T base pairs with the glycosidic angles of the adenine bases in a syn conformation, most probably forming Hoogsteen base pairs.	Adenine	123-130	synemin	Homo sapiens	142-145
12842913-9	2003	These findings conclusively demonstrate that graded Nodal/Smad2 signals govern allocation of the axial mesendoderm precursors that selectively give rise to the ADE and PCP mesoderm.	Adenine	160-163	SMAD family member 2	Mus musculus	58-63
12798691-3	2003	Two residues that differ between the alpha isoforms of PKA and PKB at the adenine-binding site generate differing shapes of the binding surface and are likely to play a role in ligand selectivity.	Adenine	74-81	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	63-66
12796375-2	2003	MTAP, a gene approximately 100-kb telomeric to CDKN2A, encodes methylthioadenosine phosphorylase, an enzyme essential in the salvage of cellular adenine and methionine, and its codeletion with CDKN2A has been reported in other tumors.	Adenine	145-152	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	0-4
12796375-2	2003	MTAP, a gene approximately 100-kb telomeric to CDKN2A, encodes methylthioadenosine phosphorylase, an enzyme essential in the salvage of cellular adenine and methionine, and its codeletion with CDKN2A has been reported in other tumors.	Adenine	145-152	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Homo sapiens	47-53
12747789-19	2003	Building upon the favorable spatial positioning of the adenine and hydroxamate groups coupled with potentially favorable entropic factors, the unit joining the carbocycle to the hydroxamate was explored further and a stereochemical-based SAR was elucidated, leading to a new series of highly potent AC inhibitors.	Adenine	55-62	sarcosine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	238-241
12775342-7	2003	We identified a mutation of the Cx32 gene, consisting of a guanine to adenine transition at position 271 (271G-A).	Adenine	70-77	gap junction protein beta 1	Homo sapiens	32-36
12788851-9	2003	Interestingly, ARH is caused by a mutation of cytosine to adenine at this same position.	Adenine	58-65	low density lipoprotein receptor adaptor protein 1	Homo sapiens	15-18
12694532-5	2003	Adenine, adenosine, and all of the 2"-deoxynucleosides inhibited the Ran-GEF activity of RCC1; however, only adenine and 2"-deoxyadenosine (2"-dA) induced PCC.	Adenine	0-7	GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran	Mesocricetus auratus	69-72
12709061-0	2003	Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pip2p-Oaf1p regulates PEX25 transcription through an adenine-less ORE.	Adenine	78-85	oleate-activated transcription factor PIP2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	25-30
12709061-0	2003	Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pip2p-Oaf1p regulates PEX25 transcription through an adenine-less ORE.	Adenine	78-85	oleate-activated transcription factor OAF1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	31-36
12709061-0	2003	Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pip2p-Oaf1p regulates PEX25 transcription through an adenine-less ORE.	Adenine	78-85	Pex25p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	47-52
12709061-2	2003	The PEX25 promoter contains an oleate response element (ORE)-like sequence comprising a CGG palindrome lacking a canonical adenine, which is considered critical for element function and Pip2p-Oaf1p binding.	Adenine	123-130	Pex25p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	4-9
12709061-9	2003	These data on a functional, adenine-less, PEX25 ORE and a nonfunctional N13-spaced ORE-like sequence in the PEX14 promoter capable of binding Pip2p-Oaf1p prompts readjustment of the ORE consensus to comprise CGGN3TNA/(R)N8-12CCG.	Adenine	28-35	oleate-activated transcription factor OAF1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	148-153
12801641-9	2003	The transcription initiation site of mouse sulphamidase was mapped to a single adenine residue 355 bases upstream of ATG codon.	Adenine	79-86	N-sulfoglucosamine sulfohydrolase (sulfamidase)	Mus musculus	43-55
12694532-0	2003	Caffeine mimics adenine and 2"-deoxyadenosine, both of which inhibit the guanine-nucleotide exchange activity of RCC1 and the kinase activity of ATR.	Adenine	16-23	regulator of chromosome condensation	Mesocricetus auratus	113-117
12694532-5	2003	Adenine, adenosine, and all of the 2"-deoxynucleosides inhibited the Ran-GEF activity of RCC1; however, only adenine and 2"-deoxyadenosine (2"-dA) induced PCC.	Adenine	0-7	regulator of chromosome condensation	Mesocricetus auratus	89-93
12694532-5	2003	Adenine, adenosine, and all of the 2"-deoxynucleosides inhibited the Ran-GEF activity of RCC1; however, only adenine and 2"-deoxyadenosine (2"-dA) induced PCC.	Adenine	109-116	regulator of chromosome condensation	Mesocricetus auratus	89-93
12694532-7	2003	We found that both adenine and 2"-dA, but none of the other 2"-deoxynucleosides, inhibited the kinase activity of ATR, similar to that of caffeine.	Adenine	19-26	serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR	Mesocricetus auratus	114-117
12694532-0	2003	Caffeine mimics adenine and 2"-deoxyadenosine, both of which inhibit the guanine-nucleotide exchange activity of RCC1 and the kinase activity of ATR.	Adenine	16-23	serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR	Mesocricetus auratus	145-148
12694532-9	2003	CONCLUSION: The effect of caffeine on cell-cycle control mimics the biological effect of adenine and 2"-dA, both of which inhibit ATR.	Adenine	89-96	serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR	Mesocricetus auratus	130-133
12694532-10	2003	dATP, a final metabolite of adenine and 2"-dA, is suggested to inhibit ATR, resulting in PCC.	Adenine	28-35	serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR	Mesocricetus auratus	71-74
12697856-3	2003	In 24 (69%) of the 35 papillary thyroid carcinomas examined, we found a missense thymine (T)--&gt;adenine (A) transversion at nucleotide 1796 in the BRAF gene (T1796A).	Adenine	98-105	B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	149-153
12719563-2	2003	Minus-strand RNA synthesis in vitro requires a structure named stem-loop C (SLC) that contains a clamped adenine motif.	Adenine	105-112	C-C motif chemokine ligand 21	Homo sapiens	63-74
12719563-2	2003	Minus-strand RNA synthesis in vitro requires a structure named stem-loop C (SLC) that contains a clamped adenine motif.	Adenine	105-112	C-C motif chemokine ligand 21	Homo sapiens	76-79
12695755-3	2003	DNA sequence analysis of the fibrinogen Aalpha, Bbeta and gamma-genes revealed a homozygous deletion of two adenines between nucleotides 3120 and 3122 in exon 4 of the gene coding for the Aalpha-chain.	Adenine	108-116	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	29-39
12802709-1	2003	The guanine to adenine substitution at the -308 position in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) gene promoter region results in a 5-fold greater cytokine response to an inciting event.	Adenine	15-22	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	64-91
12802709-1	2003	The guanine to adenine substitution at the -308 position in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) gene promoter region results in a 5-fold greater cytokine response to an inciting event.	Adenine	15-22	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	93-102
12655600-4	2003	Such a compensatory mechanism for ICW propagation was related to changes in the pharmacological profile of P2Y receptors, from an adenine-sensitive P2Y(1), in wild-type, to a uridine-sensitive P2U receptor subtype, in Cx43 knockout (KO) astrocytes.	Adenine	130-137	purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled 1	Mus musculus	148-154
12655600-6	2003	Pharmacological studies and Western blot analysis indicate that there is a reciprocal regulation of P2Y(1) and P2Y(4) expression levels, such that downregulation of Cx43 leads to decreased expression of the adenine-sensitive P2Y(1) receptor and increased expression of the uridine-sensitive P2Y(4) receptor.	Adenine	207-214	purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled 1	Mus musculus	100-106
12655600-6	2003	Pharmacological studies and Western blot analysis indicate that there is a reciprocal regulation of P2Y(1) and P2Y(4) expression levels, such that downregulation of Cx43 leads to decreased expression of the adenine-sensitive P2Y(1) receptor and increased expression of the uridine-sensitive P2Y(4) receptor.	Adenine	207-214	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 4	Mus musculus	111-117
12655600-6	2003	Pharmacological studies and Western blot analysis indicate that there is a reciprocal regulation of P2Y(1) and P2Y(4) expression levels, such that downregulation of Cx43 leads to decreased expression of the adenine-sensitive P2Y(1) receptor and increased expression of the uridine-sensitive P2Y(4) receptor.	Adenine	207-214	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Mus musculus	165-169
12655600-6	2003	Pharmacological studies and Western blot analysis indicate that there is a reciprocal regulation of P2Y(1) and P2Y(4) expression levels, such that downregulation of Cx43 leads to decreased expression of the adenine-sensitive P2Y(1) receptor and increased expression of the uridine-sensitive P2Y(4) receptor.	Adenine	207-214	purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled 1	Mus musculus	225-240
12655600-6	2003	Pharmacological studies and Western blot analysis indicate that there is a reciprocal regulation of P2Y(1) and P2Y(4) expression levels, such that downregulation of Cx43 leads to decreased expression of the adenine-sensitive P2Y(1) receptor and increased expression of the uridine-sensitive P2Y(4) receptor.	Adenine	207-214	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 4	Mus musculus	291-306
12628248-2	2003	The Escherichia coli adenine glycosylase MutY and its human homolog (hMYH) play an important role in the prevention of mutations associated with OG by removing misincorporated adenine residues from OG:A mismatches.	Adenine	21-28	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	69-73
12588852-7	2003	In Cnbp(-/-) embryos, the visceral endoderm remains in the distal tip of the conceptus and the ADE fails to form, whereas the node and notochord form normally.	Adenine	95-98	cellular nucleic acid binding protein	Mus musculus	3-7
12538577-2	2003	Modifications to the 2"-OH, the 3"-OH, and the amino group of adenine reduce the extent of binding-induced conformational change of the ATPase, with particularly strong effects observed for the latter two.	Adenine	62-69	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	136-142
12626701-0	2003	Platinum cross-linking of adenines and guanines on the quadruplex structures of the AG3(T2AG3)3 and (T2AG3)4 human telomere sequences in Na+ and K+ solutions.	Adenine	26-34	CD58 molecule	Homo sapiens	84-87
12662305-4	2003	When expressed in yeast, AtPUP1 and 2 mediate energy-dependent high-affinity adenine uptake, whereas AtPUP3 activity was not detectable.	Adenine	77-84	purine permease 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	25-37
12662305-8	2003	A number of physiological cytokinins including trans- and cis-zeatin are also efficient competitors for AtPUP2-mediated adenine uptake, suggesting that AtPUP2 is also able to mediate cytokinin transport.	Adenine	120-127	purine permease 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	104-110
12662305-8	2003	A number of physiological cytokinins including trans- and cis-zeatin are also efficient competitors for AtPUP2-mediated adenine uptake, suggesting that AtPUP2 is also able to mediate cytokinin transport.	Adenine	120-127	purine permease 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	152-158
12626701-1	2003	The quadruplex structures of the human telomere sequences AG3(T2AG3)3 I and (T2AG3)4 II were investigated in the presence of Na+ and K+ ions, through the cross-linking of adenines and guanines by the cis- and trans-[Pt(NH3)2(H2O)2](NO3)2 complexes 1 and 2.	Adenine	171-179	CD58 molecule	Homo sapiens	58-61
12675566-3	2003	The highest G6PDH production (1164 U/L) and specific activity (517 U/g(cell)) were obtained using the following conditions: glucose, 5.0 g/L; adenine, 8 microg/mL; histidine, 8 microg/mL; tryptophan, 8 microg/mL; temperature, 30 degrees C; inoculum, 1.28 g/L; pH, 5.7; agitation, 400 rpm; aeration, 2.2 vvm; and K, 0.2 h(-)(1).	Adenine	142-149	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	12-17
12589094-3	2003	ADe is well-known for high IgE level, positive response to food- or aero-allergens, whereas ADi has clinically similar skin lesions and distribution patterns of AD with normal serum IgE levels, negative in vitro test for environmental or food allergens and without associated atopic diseases.	Adenine	0-3	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	27-30
12657723-6	2003	The docked structures of the aurora2-AMP-PNP and aurora2-staurosporine complexes indicated that the adenine ring of AMP-PNP and the indolocarbazole moiety of staurosporine have similar positions and orientations and provided the basis for the docking of the other S/T kinase inhibitors.	Adenine	100-107	aurora kinase A	Homo sapiens	29-36
12657723-6	2003	The docked structures of the aurora2-AMP-PNP and aurora2-staurosporine complexes indicated that the adenine ring of AMP-PNP and the indolocarbazole moiety of staurosporine have similar positions and orientations and provided the basis for the docking of the other S/T kinase inhibitors.	Adenine	100-107	aurora kinase A	Homo sapiens	49-56
12569141-2	2003	Both alleles of the adenine (A)/guanine (G) cyclin D1 polymorphism located at nucleotide 870 encode two alternatively spliced transcripts, but the A allele preferentially encodes a protein with an extended half-life.	Adenine	20-27	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	44-53
12620664-1	2003	Adenine derivatives substituted in position 9 have been demonstrated to have potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibition properties with high selectivity toward PDE-4.	Adenine	0-7	phosphodiesterase 4A	Homo sapiens	177-182
12620664-8	2003	Additionally, these new derivatives showed improved efficiency in inhibiting the TNFalpha release from mononuclear cells from healthy subjects (e.g. adenines 7l, 9s and 13b).	Adenine	149-157	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	81-89
12664443-6	2003	Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the genes encoding MPB63 protein of M. bovis BCG and MPT63 protein of M. tuberculosis showed only single nucleotide difference at the position 474 where thymine (T) in the former was replaced by adenine (A) in the latter.	Adenine	237-244	immunogenic protein Mpt63	Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv	95-100
12460032-3	2002	METHODS: In the 5" flanking region of the MCP-1 gene, a guanine (G)/adenine (A) transition identified at position -2518 upstream from the transcription site was reported to be associated with circulating levels.	Adenine	68-75	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	42-47
12769755-9	2003	Several kinds of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in human CC10/UG gene were recently discovered; Adenine allele accumulation in G38A SNP has possible association with asthma and IgA nephropathy, being paralleled with disease severity of IgA nephropathy.	Adenine	104-111	secretoglobin family 1A member 1	Homo sapiens	65-72
12459895-0	2003	Cooperative effects in long-range 1,4 DNA-DNA interstrand cross-links formed by polynuclear platinum complexes: an unexpected syn orientation of adenine bases outside the binding sites.	Adenine	145-152	synemin	Homo sapiens	126-129
12459895-4	2003	NMR analysis of the adduct shows strong H8/H1" intraresidue crosspeaks observed for the A1 and A7 resonances, consistent with a syn conformation for these bases which is usually not observed for adenine residues and bases not directly involved in the cross-link in oligonucleotides.	Adenine	195-202	synemin	Homo sapiens	128-131
12630757-3	2003	This SNP consists of adenine replacing the third guanine in the codon for aminoacid residue Gly70 (position excludes the 22 amino acid leading peptide) that is located in the second exon of the C1QA gene.	Adenine	21-28	complement C1q A chain	Homo sapiens	194-198
12477353-2	2002	In an earlier publication, we have characterized the SAR as P2Y(1) receptor antagonists of acyclic analogues of adenine nucleotides, containing two phosphate groups on a symmetrically branched aliphatic chain, attached at the 9-position of adenine.	Adenine	112-119	purinergic receptor P2Y1	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
12444757-0	2002	Interligand interactions controlling the mu-N7,N9-metal bonding of adenine (AdeH) to the N-benzyliminodiacetato(2-) copper(II) chelate and promoting the N9 versus N3 tautomeric proton transfer: molecular and crystal structure of [Cu2(NBzIDA)(2)(H2O)(2)(mu-N7,N9-Ade(N3)H)].(3)H2O.	Adenine	67-74	adenylosuccinate synthase 2	Homo sapiens	76-80
12534363-5	2003	The expression of the ADE2 gene and consequently the yeast cell growth in a selective medium depleted in adenine depends on the specificity of the AR for the ligand added to the medium.	Adenine	105-112	phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase ADE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	22-26
12488550-5	2003	CoMFA identified very strong correlations between the structures of adenine-based ligands and their affinity for RyR and different (but also highly significant) correlations between structure and the ability to activate the channel.	Adenine	68-75	ryanodine receptor 2	Homo sapiens	113-116
12482594-0	2002	The gene for domains rearranged methyltransferase (DRM2) in Arabidopsis thaliana plants is methylated at both cytosine and adenine residues.	Adenine	123-130	domains rearranged methyltransferase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	51-55
12482594-3	2002	The DRM2 gene was found to be also methylated at adenine residues in some GATC sequences.	Adenine	49-56	domains rearranged methyltransferase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	4-8
12482594-4	2002	Cytosine methylation in CCGG sites and adenine methylation in GATC sites in the DRM2 gene are variable between wild-type and different transgenic plants.	Adenine	39-46	domains rearranged methyltransferase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	80-84
12547246-2	2002	The condition was mapped by linkage analysis to chromosome 19q13.3 and found to be due to a single adenine insertion in the ferritin light chain (FTL) gene at position 460-461 which is predicted to alter the C terminus of the FTL polypeptide.	Adenine	99-106	ferritin light chain	Homo sapiens	124-144
12466552-0	2002	Substitution of an essential adenine in the U1A-RNA complex with a non-polar isostere.	Adenine	29-36	small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide A	Homo sapiens	44-47
12466552-8	2002	Surprisingly, deletion of all of the functional groups involved in hydrogen bonds with the U1A protein by substituting adenine with 4-methylindole reduced the binding free energy by only 2.0 kcal/mol.	Adenine	119-126	small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide A	Homo sapiens	91-94
12466552-9	2002	Experiments with U1A proteins containing mutations of Phe56 suggested that improved stacking interactions due to the greater hydrophobicity of 4-methylindole than adenine may be partly responsible for the small destabilization of the complex upon substitution of 4-methylindole for A6.	Adenine	163-170	small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide A	Homo sapiens	17-20
12547246-2	2002	The condition was mapped by linkage analysis to chromosome 19q13.3 and found to be due to a single adenine insertion in the ferritin light chain (FTL) gene at position 460-461 which is predicted to alter the C terminus of the FTL polypeptide.	Adenine	99-106	ferritin light chain	Homo sapiens	146-149
12547246-2	2002	The condition was mapped by linkage analysis to chromosome 19q13.3 and found to be due to a single adenine insertion in the ferritin light chain (FTL) gene at position 460-461 which is predicted to alter the C terminus of the FTL polypeptide.	Adenine	99-106	ferritin light chain	Homo sapiens	226-229
12415595-5	2002	RESULTS: One BMPR2 guanine to adenine (G to A) mutation in exon 13 was found in a 59-year-old Ashkenazi Jewish woman with the limited cutaneous variant, a normal chest radiograph, and positive anticentromere and rheumatoid factor autoantibodies.	Adenine	30-37	bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2	Homo sapiens	13-18
12445771-1	2002	A key contact in the active site of an aminoglycoside phosphotransferase enzyme (APH(3")-IIIa) is a pi-pi stacking interaction between Tyr42 and the adenine ring of bound nucleotides.	Adenine	149-156	acylaminoacyl-peptide hydrolase	Homo sapiens	81-84
12110316-5	2002	Like CC-1065 and adozelesin, using Taq DNA polymerase stop and thermal cleavage assays, the seco-iso-CFI compounds (4 and 6) and the seco-CFQ compounds (5 and 7) were shown to preferentially alkylate the adenine-N3 position within the minor groove of long stretches of A residues.	Adenine	204-211	complement component factor i	Mus musculus	101-104
12145297-9	2002	Polkappa inserts the correct base adenine opposite thymine glycol in preference to the other three bases.	Adenine	34-41	DNA polymerase lambda	Homo sapiens	0-8
12145297-13	2002	When extending beyond the site of the lesion, the misincorporation rate of polkappa for each of the three incorrect nucleotides (adenine, guanine, and thymine) is dramatically increased.	Adenine	129-136	DNA polymerase lambda	Homo sapiens	75-83
12376473-3	2002	In the ARE-I sequence of the PSA gene an adenine to guanine polymorphism is described.	Adenine	41-48	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	29-32
12355263-1	2002	MT-A70 is the S-adenosylmethionine-binding subunit of human mRNA:m(6)A methyl-transferase (MTase), an enzyme that sequence-specifically methylates adenines in pre-mRNAs.	Adenine	147-155	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	0-6
12371855-4	2002	Simulations in both explicit and implicit solvent were carried out, with each converging to either anti or syn conformation for adenine and base pairing in all cases.	Adenine	128-135	synemin	Homo sapiens	107-110
12354077-2	2002	The GAA repeats arise from a stretch of adenine residues of an Alu element.	Adenine	40-47	alpha glucosidase	Homo sapiens	4-7
12359081-7	2002	The results suggest that 2-5A molecules modified at the 8-position of the third (from the 5" terminus) adenine ring cause effective dimerization of RNase L and thus increase the ability of RNase L activation.	Adenine	103-110	ribonuclease L	Homo sapiens	148-155
12359081-7	2002	The results suggest that 2-5A molecules modified at the 8-position of the third (from the 5" terminus) adenine ring cause effective dimerization of RNase L and thus increase the ability of RNase L activation.	Adenine	103-110	ribonuclease L	Homo sapiens	189-196
12200696-1	2002	Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) is an important enzyme used for the salvage of adenine and methionine.	Adenine	88-95	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	0-33
12200696-1	2002	Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) is an important enzyme used for the salvage of adenine and methionine.	Adenine	88-95	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	35-39
12124995-3	2002	DNA is cross-hybridized to form mismatches at the positions of point mutations, de-phosphorylated to eliminate any pre-existing phosphorylated DNA ends, and then exposed to enzymatic treatment to remove mismatched thymidine (TDG) or adenine (MutY).	Adenine	233-240	thymine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	225-228
12173924-6	2002	Steady-state kinetic analysis of T. vaginalis PNP-catalyzed reactions gave K(m)"s of 31.5, 59.7, and 6.1 microM for inosine, guanosine, and adenosine in the nucleosidase reaction and 45.6, 35.9, and 12.3 microM for hypoxanthine, guanine, and adenine in the direction of nucleoside synthesis.	Adenine	242-249	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	46-49
12100044-1	2002	BACKGROUND: Previously, an association has been reported between an increased risk of asthma and a polymorphism in the Clara cell secretory protein (CC16) gene [namely, an adenine to guanine substitution in the CC16 gene at position 38 (A38G) downstream from the transcription initiation site within the noncoding region of exon 1].	Adenine	172-179	secretoglobin family 1A member 1	Homo sapiens	149-153
12227458-10	2002	Mutation analysis revealed the insertion of an adenine at position 857 in exon 4 of the coproporphyrinogen oxidase gene.	Adenine	47-54	coproporphyrinogen oxidase	Homo sapiens	88-114
12006583-5	2002	hENT2 and rENT2 efficiently transported radiolabeled hypoxanthine, adenine, guanine, uracil, and thymine (apparent K(m) values 0.7-2.6 mm), and hENT2, but not rENT2, also transported cytosine.	Adenine	67-74	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
12100044-1	2002	BACKGROUND: Previously, an association has been reported between an increased risk of asthma and a polymorphism in the Clara cell secretory protein (CC16) gene [namely, an adenine to guanine substitution in the CC16 gene at position 38 (A38G) downstream from the transcription initiation site within the noncoding region of exon 1].	Adenine	172-179	secretoglobin family 1A member 1	Homo sapiens	211-215
12062055-6	2002	The Myh DNA glycosylase removes mismatched adenines incorporated opposite 8-oxoG during replication.	Adenine	43-51	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	4-7
12358135-1	2002	Our aim was to clarify whether substitution of cytosine for adenine at position 1166 (A1166C) polymorphism of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) gene is associated with susceptibility to essential hypertension in Han, Tibetan and Yi populations in China.	Adenine	60-67	angiotensin II receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	114-144
12358135-1	2002	Our aim was to clarify whether substitution of cytosine for adenine at position 1166 (A1166C) polymorphism of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) gene is associated with susceptibility to essential hypertension in Han, Tibetan and Yi populations in China.	Adenine	60-67	angiotensin II receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	146-150
12110620-7	2002	DNA-binding studies confirmed that both AAs bind to the adenines of codon 61 in the H-ras mouse gene and preferentially to purines in the human p53 gene.	Adenine	56-64	Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene	Mus musculus	84-89
12060123-2	2002	We have identified a BCR allele, present in approximately 29% of the population, which includes an adenine to guanine polymorphism in the putative branchpoint of BCR intron 13.	Adenine	99-106	BCR activator of RhoGEF and GTPase	Homo sapiens	21-24
11997668-2	2002	In this context, several extant studies have demonstrated significant reduction in adenine and guanine nucleotide triphosphate levels in beta cells exposed to IL-1beta.	Adenine	83-90	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	159-167
12031800-10	2002	It may also be that neither GG nor AT adducts are formed and yet Ssp1 digestion is prevented because of a structural modification introduced in adenine by its interaction with Cd(2+).	Adenine	144-151	SUMO specific peptidase 6	Homo sapiens	65-69
12060123-2	2002	We have identified a BCR allele, present in approximately 29% of the population, which includes an adenine to guanine polymorphism in the putative branchpoint of BCR intron 13.	Adenine	99-106	BCR activator of RhoGEF and GTPase	Homo sapiens	162-165
12455987-7	2002	Whereas YCF1 expression is markedly increased by cadmium, adenine limitation in an ade2 strain, or overexpression of the stress-responsive transcription factor Yap1p, BPT1 expression is only modestly affected under these conditions.	Adenine	58-65	ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	8-12
12022886-0	2002	Cassette mutagenesis and photoaffinity labeling of adenine binding domain of ADP regulatory site within human glutamate dehydrogenase.	Adenine	51-58	glutamate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	110-133
12022886-1	2002	The adenine binding domain of the ADP site within human glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) was identified by cassette mutagenesis at the Tyr187 position.	Adenine	4-11	glutamate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	56-79
12022886-1	2002	The adenine binding domain of the ADP site within human glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) was identified by cassette mutagenesis at the Tyr187 position.	Adenine	4-11	glutamate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	81-84
12014953-1	2002	Beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1 (betaARK1) and cyclic adenosine 5"-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) have structurally similar adenine-binding pockets but have different physiologic functions.	Adenine	142-149	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2	Homo sapiens	0-33
12014953-1	2002	Beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1 (betaARK1) and cyclic adenosine 5"-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) have structurally similar adenine-binding pockets but have different physiologic functions.	Adenine	142-149	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2	Homo sapiens	35-43
12014953-3	2002	First, a search was conducted on three-dimensional models of commercially available compounds to find compounds that fit the adenine-binding pocket of betaARK1.	Adenine	125-132	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2	Homo sapiens	151-159
12014953-4	2002	Second, a comparative docking study that focused on the differences between the adenine-binding pockets of the two enzymes was used to evaluate the binding specificity of each compound that inhibited betaARK1 activity.	Adenine	80-87	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2	Homo sapiens	200-208
12108548-4	2002	Only two RNA positions bound by AUF1 show base preferences: one for pyrimidine bases and the second for a conserved adenine residue.	Adenine	116-123	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D	Homo sapiens	32-36
12028594-8	2002	CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate that Hnt2 hydrolyzes both ApppN and AppppN in vivo and that, in heat-shocked, adenine prototrophic yeast strains, dinucleoside polyphosphates accumulate to levels in which they may saturate Hnt2.	Adenine	109-116	bis(5'-adenosyl)-triphosphatase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	36-40
12033297-6	2002	Furthermore, interaction of cytochrome c with adenine was characterized by electrochemical and spectral methods.	Adenine	46-53	cytochrome c, somatic	Equus caballus	28-40
12000395-3	2002	A 1-bp duplication of adenine at codon 441 was found in the HPS gene, namely HPS1, which caused a frameshift.	Adenine	22-29	HPS1 biogenesis of lysosomal organelles complex 3 subunit 1	Homo sapiens	77-81
12056405-1	2002	BACKGROUND: Adenine paired with 8-hydroxyguanine, a major oxidatively damaged DNA lesion, is excised by mutY homologue (MYH) base excision repair protein in human cells.	Adenine	12-19	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	120-123
11950343-1	2002	Replacement of adenine by 2,6-diaminopurine-two nucleobases to be considered equivalent from an etiological point of view-strongly enhances the stability of TNA/TNA, TNA/RNA, or TNA/DNA duplexes and efficiently accelerates template-directed ligation of TNA ligands.	Adenine	15-22	C-type lectin domain family 3 member B	Homo sapiens	157-160
12010467-1	2002	Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APT; EC 2.4.2.7) is a constitutively expressed enzyme involved in the one-step salvage of adenine to AMP.	Adenine	125-132	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-33
12010467-1	2002	Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APT; EC 2.4.2.7) is a constitutively expressed enzyme involved in the one-step salvage of adenine to AMP.	Adenine	125-132	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Arabidopsis thaliana	35-38
12010467-4	2002	At a cytosolic pH, all bind adenine efficiently based on their Km values (0.8-2.6 &amp;mgr;M), although APT1 metabolizes adenine at a rate 31-53 times faster than APT2 and APT3, respectively.	Adenine	28-35	adenine phosphoribosyl transferase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	104-108
12010467-4	2002	At a cytosolic pH, all bind adenine efficiently based on their Km values (0.8-2.6 &amp;mgr;M), although APT1 metabolizes adenine at a rate 31-53 times faster than APT2 and APT3, respectively.	Adenine	28-35	adenine phosphoribosyl transferase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	163-167
12010467-4	2002	At a cytosolic pH, all bind adenine efficiently based on their Km values (0.8-2.6 &amp;mgr;M), although APT1 metabolizes adenine at a rate 31-53 times faster than APT2 and APT3, respectively.	Adenine	28-35	adenine phosphoribosyl transferase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	172-176
12010467-4	2002	At a cytosolic pH, all bind adenine efficiently based on their Km values (0.8-2.6 &amp;mgr;M), although APT1 metabolizes adenine at a rate 31-53 times faster than APT2 and APT3, respectively.	Adenine	121-128	adenine phosphoribosyl transferase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	104-108
11980680-3	2002	METHODS AND RESULTS: Sequence analysis of the cDNA coding for PLC-delta1 obtained from fibroblasts revealed that one conversion of guanine to adenine (A) was present at nucleotide position 864 in one CSA patient, resulting in the amino acid replacement of arginine 257 by histidine (R257H).	Adenine	142-149	phospholipase C delta 1	Homo sapiens	62-72
11950343-1	2002	Replacement of adenine by 2,6-diaminopurine-two nucleobases to be considered equivalent from an etiological point of view-strongly enhances the stability of TNA/TNA, TNA/RNA, or TNA/DNA duplexes and efficiently accelerates template-directed ligation of TNA ligands.	Adenine	15-22	C-type lectin domain family 3 member B	Homo sapiens	161-164
11950343-1	2002	Replacement of adenine by 2,6-diaminopurine-two nucleobases to be considered equivalent from an etiological point of view-strongly enhances the stability of TNA/TNA, TNA/RNA, or TNA/DNA duplexes and efficiently accelerates template-directed ligation of TNA ligands.	Adenine	15-22	C-type lectin domain family 3 member B	Homo sapiens	161-164
11950343-1	2002	Replacement of adenine by 2,6-diaminopurine-two nucleobases to be considered equivalent from an etiological point of view-strongly enhances the stability of TNA/TNA, TNA/RNA, or TNA/DNA duplexes and efficiently accelerates template-directed ligation of TNA ligands.	Adenine	15-22	C-type lectin domain family 3 member B	Homo sapiens	161-164
11950343-1	2002	Replacement of adenine by 2,6-diaminopurine-two nucleobases to be considered equivalent from an etiological point of view-strongly enhances the stability of TNA/TNA, TNA/RNA, or TNA/DNA duplexes and efficiently accelerates template-directed ligation of TNA ligands.	Adenine	15-22	C-type lectin domain family 3 member B	Homo sapiens	161-164
11805113-1	2002	The MutY homolog (MYH) is responsible for removing adenines misincorporated on a template DNA strand containing G or 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) and thus preventing G:C to T:A mutations.	Adenine	51-59	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	18-21
11900545-1	2002	Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT, EC 2.4.2.7) catalyzes the reversible phosphoribosylation of adenine from alpha-D-5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) to form AMP and PP(i).	Adenine	101-108	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Leishmania donovani	0-33
11801590-2	2002	The human MutY homolog (hMYH), a DNA glycosylase, removes adenines from these mismatches.	Adenine	58-66	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	24-28
11900545-1	2002	Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT, EC 2.4.2.7) catalyzes the reversible phosphoribosylation of adenine from alpha-D-5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) to form AMP and PP(i).	Adenine	101-108	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Leishmania donovani	35-39
11867468-8	2002	The syn conformation is significantly more energetically accessible with guanine than with adenine in 5-nucleotides but not in nucleosides.	Adenine	91-98	synemin	Homo sapiens	4-7
11857408-5	2002	In a case-control study, we also tested whether a variant adenine allele in the promoter polymorphism -161C--&gt;A with a putative influence on the transcriptional activity of CDH1 in vitro confers any detectable risk of breast cancer.	Adenine	58-65	cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	176-180
11904589-8	2002	CONCLUSION: The insulin-like growth factor-I gene cytosine-adenine polymorphism relates with circulating insulin-like growth factor-I levels and bone mineral density at the lumbar spine and proximal femur.	Adenine	59-66	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	16-44
11904589-8	2002	CONCLUSION: The insulin-like growth factor-I gene cytosine-adenine polymorphism relates with circulating insulin-like growth factor-I levels and bone mineral density at the lumbar spine and proximal femur.	Adenine	59-66	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	105-133
11741948-11	2002	By placing DEA into the active site of the open structure, the major forces to stabilize the closed conformation of AdoHcyase are identified as the hydrogen bonds between the backbone of His-352 and the adenine ring, and the C3"-H...C4 interaction.	Adenine	203-210	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	116-125
11895909-1	2002	PURPOSE: Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) is an enzyme essential in the salvage of cellular adenine and methionine synthesis.	Adenine	100-107	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	9-42
11895909-1	2002	PURPOSE: Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) is an enzyme essential in the salvage of cellular adenine and methionine synthesis.	Adenine	100-107	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	44-48
11820942-6	2002	The interaction was not influenced by the presence of 5 mM adenine, which is higher than the reported dissociation constant (1 mM) for the adenine-RTA complex.	Adenine	59-66	RT1 class I, locus A	Rattus norvegicus	147-150
11864576-0	2002	Replication-associated repair of adenine:8-oxoguanine mispairs by MYH.	Adenine	33-40	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	66-69
11864576-4	2002	MYH, a mammalian homolog of Escherichia coli MutY, is a DNA glycosylase responsible for initiating base excision repair of such a mispair by excising the adenine opposite 8-oxoG.	Adenine	154-161	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	0-3
11851431-5	2002	These lipid-induced structural changes markedly increased the trypsin sensitivity of RTA and, on the basis of the protein fluorescence determinations, abolished its ability to bind to adenine, the product resulting from RTA-catalyzed depurination of 28S ribosomal RNA.	Adenine	184-191	MAS related GPR family member F	Homo sapiens	85-88
11851431-5	2002	These lipid-induced structural changes markedly increased the trypsin sensitivity of RTA and, on the basis of the protein fluorescence determinations, abolished its ability to bind to adenine, the product resulting from RTA-catalyzed depurination of 28S ribosomal RNA.	Adenine	184-191	MAS related GPR family member F	Homo sapiens	220-223
11820936-7	2002	Structural comparisons suggest that the large difference in ribosome recognition between PAP-S1 (or S2) and PAP I is caused by the alteration of residues adjacent to the adenine-binding site.	Adenine	170-177	annexin A5	Rattus norvegicus	108-113
11820942-6	2002	The interaction was not influenced by the presence of 5 mM adenine, which is higher than the reported dissociation constant (1 mM) for the adenine-RTA complex.	Adenine	139-146	RT1 class I, locus A	Rattus norvegicus	147-150
11820942-7	2002	These results demonstrate that binding of the target adenine with the active site of RTA does not contribute much to the total interaction of ribosomes and RTA.	Adenine	53-60	RT1 class I, locus A	Rattus norvegicus	85-88
11841784-5	2002	The results strongly support that the pentose may be converted to both PRPP and Rib1-P for the salvage of the adenine and uracil, respectively.	Adenine	110-117	ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic	Rattus norvegicus	80-84
11860008-3	2002	The yeast was auxotrophic for adenine due to a deletion in the coding region of ADE2, and was complemented by introduction of a functional copy of the ADE2 gene from C. neoformans.	Adenine	30-37	phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase ADE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	80-84
11931349-1	2002	Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP; 0.001-1 microM) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP; 0.01-1 microM) produced a concentration-dependent stimulation of cyclic AMP (cAMP) formation in rat cerebral cortical slices prelabeled with [3H]adenine.	Adenine	256-267	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-50
11931349-1	2002	Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP; 0.001-1 microM) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP; 0.01-1 microM) produced a concentration-dependent stimulation of cyclic AMP (cAMP) formation in rat cerebral cortical slices prelabeled with [3H]adenine.	Adenine	256-267	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-57
11931349-1	2002	Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP; 0.001-1 microM) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP; 0.01-1 microM) produced a concentration-dependent stimulation of cyclic AMP (cAMP) formation in rat cerebral cortical slices prelabeled with [3H]adenine.	Adenine	256-267	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	110-113
11711549-2	2002	Recombinant mouse Rev1 protein was found to insert a dCMP residue opposite guanine, adenine, thymine, cytosine, uracil, and an apurinic/apyrimidinic site and to have weak ability for transfer to a mismatched terminus.	Adenine	84-91	REV1, DNA directed polymerase	Mus musculus	18-22
11781084-4	2002	In this model, nucleotide binding to the specificity site (s-site) drives formation of an active R1(2)R2(2) dimer, ATP or dATP binding to the adenine-specific site (a-site) results in formation of an inactive tetramer, and ATP binding to the newly described hexamerization site (h-site) drives formation of active R1(6)R2(6) hexamer.	Adenine	142-149	major histocompatibility complex, class I-related	Mus musculus	97-99
11781084-4	2002	In this model, nucleotide binding to the specificity site (s-site) drives formation of an active R1(2)R2(2) dimer, ATP or dATP binding to the adenine-specific site (a-site) results in formation of an inactive tetramer, and ATP binding to the newly described hexamerization site (h-site) drives formation of active R1(6)R2(6) hexamer.	Adenine	142-149	ribonucleotide reductase M2	Mus musculus	102-104
11781084-4	2002	In this model, nucleotide binding to the specificity site (s-site) drives formation of an active R1(2)R2(2) dimer, ATP or dATP binding to the adenine-specific site (a-site) results in formation of an inactive tetramer, and ATP binding to the newly described hexamerization site (h-site) drives formation of active R1(6)R2(6) hexamer.	Adenine	142-149	major histocompatibility complex, class I-related	Mus musculus	314-316
11781084-4	2002	In this model, nucleotide binding to the specificity site (s-site) drives formation of an active R1(2)R2(2) dimer, ATP or dATP binding to the adenine-specific site (a-site) results in formation of an inactive tetramer, and ATP binding to the newly described hexamerization site (h-site) drives formation of active R1(6)R2(6) hexamer.	Adenine	142-149	ribonucleotide reductase M2	Mus musculus	319-321
11841784-6	2002	Most likely two-reaction pathway, composed of ribokinase and PRPP synthetase, is responsible of the PRPP formation, needed to salvage adenine to adenine nucleotides.	Adenine	134-141	ribokinase	Rattus norvegicus	46-56
11746989-6	2002	Furthermore, TCF4, which is one of the transcriptional factors in the Wnt signaling pathway and has a mononucleotide repeat sequence (a nine- adenine repeat, (A)9) in its C-terminal region, was mutated in 13 of the 33 samples.	Adenine	142-149	transcription factor 7 like 2	Homo sapiens	13-17
12012449-6	2002	A physical mechanism of the anti-like to syn-like conformational transition of the solute PMEA that is due to adenine protonation and the flexibility of the (phosphonomethoxy)ethyl group is proposed and discussed.	Adenine	110-117	synemin	Homo sapiens	41-44
11987241-2	2002	MTAP converts methylthioadenosine into adenine which serves as an alternative purine source, if de novo purine biosynthesis is inhibited by antimetabolites (i.e., methotrexate).	Adenine	39-46	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	0-4
11734629-3	2001	Substitution of adenine by 2-amino purine (2-AP) at the invariable A small middle dotT base pair at the -11 position of P1 and P3 prevented unpairing not only at that position but also at the other downstream positions, suggesting a "master" role of the adenine base at -11 of the template strand in overall base unpairing.	Adenine	16-23	crystallin gamma F, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	120-129
11747549-10	2002	The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the observed local changes of the double helix structure in A*C are due to the pairing of the oxidized adenine in a syn conformation with the cytosine.	Adenine	155-162	synemin	Homo sapiens	168-171
11734629-3	2001	Substitution of adenine by 2-amino purine (2-AP) at the invariable A small middle dotT base pair at the -11 position of P1 and P3 prevented unpairing not only at that position but also at the other downstream positions, suggesting a "master" role of the adenine base at -11 of the template strand in overall base unpairing.	Adenine	254-261	crystallin gamma F, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	120-129
11689683-5	2001	Importantly, feedback inhibition by ATP of Ade4p, catalyzing the first step of the pathway, appears to regulate SAICAR synthesis in response to adenine availability.	Adenine	144-151	amidophosphoribosyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	43-48
11604510-2	2001	G3BP exclusively cleaves between cytosine and adenine (CA) after a specific interaction with RNA through the carboxyl-terminal RRM-type RNA binding motif.	Adenine	46-53	GTPase activating protein (SH3 domain) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	0-4
11740344-9	2001	Sequencing studies revealed that the individual was homozygous for a new CYP2C9 allele (CYP2C9*6) with the deletion of an adenine at base pair 818 of the cDNA.	Adenine	122-129	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9	Homo sapiens	73-79
11740344-9	2001	Sequencing studies revealed that the individual was homozygous for a new CYP2C9 allele (CYP2C9*6) with the deletion of an adenine at base pair 818 of the cDNA.	Adenine	122-129	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9	Homo sapiens	88-94
11514561-7	2001	Furthermore, we showed that the affinity for the cofactor is higher in the human 3alpha-HSD3 than the rat enzyme due to the presence of additional hydrogen bonds on the adenine moiety and that the cofactor is present under its reduced form in the active site in our preparation.	Adenine	169-176	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C2	Homo sapiens	81-92
11753641-7	2001	Analysis of mispair excision opposite the template adenine residue shows that p53 catalyzes 3" terminal mismatch excision with a specificity of A : G&gt;A : A&gt;A : C. Hence, the observed specificity of mismatch excision indicates that p53 exonucleolytic proofreading preferentially repairs transversion mutations.	Adenine	51-58	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	78-81
11753641-7	2001	Analysis of mispair excision opposite the template adenine residue shows that p53 catalyzes 3" terminal mismatch excision with a specificity of A : G&gt;A : A&gt;A : C. Hence, the observed specificity of mismatch excision indicates that p53 exonucleolytic proofreading preferentially repairs transversion mutations.	Adenine	51-58	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	237-240
11758903-4	2001	The ACMSD activity in kidneys were significantly lower in the adenine group than in the control group, while the QPRT activity was almost the same, however, the formations of niacin and its compounds such as N1-methylnicotinamide and its pyridones did not increase, and therefore, the conversion ratio of tryptophan to niacin was lower in the adenine group than in the control group.	Adenine	62-69	aminocarboxymuconate semialdehyde decarboxylase	Rattus norvegicus	4-9
11593433-3	2001	Using "standard" PCR primers a high frequency of instability (50-86%) of the (C)8 repeat was found, but using a modified PCR reverse primer, accomplishing modulation of non-templated addition of adenine during in vitro PCR amplification by the Taq polymerase, a markedly lower frequency of instability was found in tumours from MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6 mutation carriers (6, 13 and 40%, respectively).	Adenine	195-202	mutL homolog 1	Homo sapiens	328-332
11593433-3	2001	Using "standard" PCR primers a high frequency of instability (50-86%) of the (C)8 repeat was found, but using a modified PCR reverse primer, accomplishing modulation of non-templated addition of adenine during in vitro PCR amplification by the Taq polymerase, a markedly lower frequency of instability was found in tumours from MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6 mutation carriers (6, 13 and 40%, respectively).	Adenine	195-202	mutS homolog 2	Homo sapiens	334-338
11573004-4	2001	The neuron-specific ELAV-like HuB, HuC, and HuD RNA-binding proteins act posttranscriptionally by binding to adenine- and uridine-rich elements (AREs) in the 3" untranslated region of a set of target mRNAs, and by increasing mRNA cytoplasmic stability and/or rate of translation.	Adenine	109-116	ELAV like RNA binding protein 4	Mus musculus	20-24
11593433-3	2001	Using "standard" PCR primers a high frequency of instability (50-86%) of the (C)8 repeat was found, but using a modified PCR reverse primer, accomplishing modulation of non-templated addition of adenine during in vitro PCR amplification by the Taq polymerase, a markedly lower frequency of instability was found in tumours from MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6 mutation carriers (6, 13 and 40%, respectively).	Adenine	195-202	mutS homolog 6	Homo sapiens	343-347
11593787-3	2001	The genetic defect underlying factor V-Leiden is a guanine (G) to adenine (A) mutation in the factor V gene, causing substitution of arginine at position 506 by glutamine, thereby providing resistance to proteolytic cleavage by activated protein C (APC).	Adenine	66-73	coagulation factor V	Homo sapiens	30-45
11543678-5	2001	2000, 43, 746-755) that acyclic analogues of adenine nucleotides, containing two phosphate groups on a symmetrically branched aliphatic chain, attached at the 9-position of adenine, are moderately potent P2Y1 receptor antagonists.	Adenine	45-52	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Meleagris gallopavo	204-208
11446654-12	2001	The Stx A subunit hydrolyzes a specific adenine residue of the 60S ribosomal subunit of mammalian cells.	Adenine	40-47	ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	4-7
11574156-12	2001	The transcription initiation site of hCATL, using placental total RNA, was mapped to a single adenine residue 289 bases upstream of the ATG codon.	Adenine	94-101	cathepsin L	Homo sapiens	37-42
11513604-12	2001	A crystal structure of the complex of RNase A with 2"-deoxyuridine 3"-pyrophosphate (P"--&gt;5") adenosine (dUppA), determined at 1.7 A resolution, together with models of the UppA complex based on this structure suggest that His119 contributes to UppA cleavage through a hydrogen bond with a nonbridging oxygen atom in the pyrophosphate and through pi-pi stacking with the six-membered ring of adenine.	Adenine	395-402	ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic	Homo sapiens	38-45
11453702-6	2001	The purA and sorC mutants were deficient in their ability to grow in defined minimal media, without adenine, and with sorbose as sole carbon source, respectively, yet capable of normal growth in complex media.	Adenine	100-107	purine rich element binding protein A	Homo sapiens	4-8
11440853-5	2001	In this respect, IDE can also be referred to as ADE: amyloid-degrading enzyme.	Adenine	48-51	insulin degrading enzyme	Homo sapiens	17-20
11410677-1	2001	Human MutY homolog (hMYH), an adenine DNA glycosylase, can effectively remove misincorporated adenines opposite template G or 8-oxoG bases, thereby preventing G:C--&gt;T:A transversions.	Adenine	94-102	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	20-24
11564035-1	2001	OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of urolithiasis with polymorphic microsatellite (encoding cytosine, adenine, and guanine, CAG) repeats in the exon 1 region of the androgen receptor (AR) gene and thymine/adenine (TA) repeats in the oestrogen receptor (ER).	Adenine	210-217	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	170-187
11509017-4	2001	Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based DNA sequence analysis of the LDH-B subunit gene revealed a heterozygous nucleotide change: a guanine to adenine substitution in codon 69 (GGG --&gt; GAG) at the third exon of the LDH-B subunit gene that resulted in a glycine to glutamic acid substitution (G69E).	Adenine	142-149	lactate dehydrogenase B	Homo sapiens	67-72
11680962-16	2001	ADE per 100/pts/yr was 21 in cases (24.4 in ART2, 15.1 in TAR3) and 54.5 in controls, p &lt; 0.05.	Adenine	0-3	ADP-ribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	44-48
11680962-16	2001	ADE per 100/pts/yr was 21 in cases (24.4 in ART2, 15.1 in TAR3) and 54.5 in controls, p &lt; 0.05.	Adenine	0-3	trace amine associated receptor 9	Homo sapiens	58-62
11680962-19	2001	CONCLUSIONS: Short-term ART-2 and 3 significantly reduced mortality (60% and 73%) ADE (65% and 76% respectively) and hospitalizations.	Adenine	82-85	ADP-ribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	24-35
11459484-10	2001	The latter stems from conformational heterogeneity involving a syn-anti equilibrium of the glycosidic bond in the modified adenine residue.	Adenine	123-130	synemin	Homo sapiens	63-66
11551434-2	2001	This dual role is particularly striking for ricin A-chain (RTA), an N-glycosidase which hydrolyzes a single adenine base from a conserved region of rRNA.	Adenine	108-115	MAS related GPR family member F	Homo sapiens	59-62
11433026-0	2001	hMYH cell cycle-dependent expression, subcellular localization and association with replication foci: evidence suggesting replication-coupled repair of adenine:8-oxoguanine mispairs.	Adenine	152-159	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	0-4
11433026-1	2001	The human MutY homolog, hMYH, is an adenine-specific DNA glycosylase that removes adenines or 2-hydroxyadenines mispaired with guanines or 8-oxoguanines.	Adenine	82-90	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	24-28
11427142-4	2001	DESIGN: DNA analysis for the IVS 4 + 4 A--&gt;T (adenine to thymine) mutation in the FA complement C (FANCC) gene in single blastomeres, obtained by biopsy of embryos, to identify genetic status and HLA markers of each embryo before intrauterine transfer.	Adenine	49-56	FA complementation group C	Homo sapiens	102-107
11389598-2	2001	Upon activation in the cytosol, RTA depurinates a single adenine from position 4324 of rat 28S ribosomal RNA, causing inactivation of ribosomes by preventing the binding of elongation factors.	Adenine	57-64	RT1 class I, locus A	Rattus norvegicus	32-35
11389598-3	2001	Kinetic isotope effect studies have established that RTA operates via a D(N)*A(N) mechanism involving an oxacarbenium ion intermediate with bound adenine [Chen, X.-Y., Berti, P. J., and Schramm, V. L. (2000) J.	Adenine	146-153	RNA binding fox-1 homolog 2	Homo sapiens	53-56
11341827-2	2001	The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a carcinogen-modified adenine residue, positioned site-specifically within a regulatory TATA DNA sequence, on the binding of TBP.	Adenine	81-88	TATA-box binding protein	Homo sapiens	184-187
11377199-10	2001	CONCLUSIONS: The accuracy of monomeric CDK2 as an inhibitor design template is restricted to the adenine binding site.	Adenine	97-104	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	39-43
11327717-7	2001	GATA-4 showed broad sequence specificity similar to GATA-6, the order of binding core site preference being GATA &gt; GATT &gt; GATC, and adenine was favored on both sides of the core for strong binding.	Adenine	138-145	GATA binding protein 4	Mus musculus	0-6
11327717-7	2001	GATA-4 showed broad sequence specificity similar to GATA-6, the order of binding core site preference being GATA &gt; GATT &gt; GATC, and adenine was favored on both sides of the core for strong binding.	Adenine	138-145	GATA binding protein 6	Mus musculus	52-58
11327717-7	2001	GATA-4 showed broad sequence specificity similar to GATA-6, the order of binding core site preference being GATA &gt; GATT &gt; GATC, and adenine was favored on both sides of the core for strong binding.	Adenine	138-145	glutaminyl-tRNA synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing)-like 1	Mus musculus	0-4
11393661-3	2001	Six previously defined TNF promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (-238, -308, -376, -857, -863, -1031) were observed in these families and in addition, a heretofore undocumented adenine (A) to cytosine (C) substitution at position -572 relative to the transcription start site was defined.	Adenine	188-195	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	23-26
11426323-5	2001	Specifically, individuals carrying thymine at position -318 of the CTLA4 promoter (T(-318)) and homozygous for adenine at position 49 in exon 1 showed significantly increased expression both of cell-surface CTLA-4 after cellular stimulation and of CTLA-4 mRNA in non-stimulated cells.	Adenine	111-118	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	207-213
11426323-5	2001	Specifically, individuals carrying thymine at position -318 of the CTLA4 promoter (T(-318)) and homozygous for adenine at position 49 in exon 1 showed significantly increased expression both of cell-surface CTLA-4 after cellular stimulation and of CTLA-4 mRNA in non-stimulated cells.	Adenine	111-118	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	248-254
11277927-7	2001	The results demonstrate that p53 exhibits mispair excision with a specificity of A:A &gt; A:G &gt; A:C opposite the template adenine residue and with a specificity of G:A &gt; G:G &gt; G:T opposite the template guanine residue.	Adenine	125-132	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	29-32
11280780-0	2001	HuR, a RNA stability factor, is expressed in malignant brain tumors and binds to adenine- and uridine-rich elements within the 3" untranslated regions of cytokine and angiogenic factor mRNAs.	Adenine	81-88	ELAV like RNA binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
11501569-2	2001	The use of AS-1 RBCs is concerning in neonates because of high exposure to dextrose, adenine and mannitol.	Adenine	85-92	prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens	11-15
11179504-4	2001	A polymorphism in the WAF1 gene involving a cytosine (C) to an adenine (A) transversion at the third base of codon 31 was observed in 52 of 66 (78.8%) patients with cervical carcinoma and 68 of 108 (63%) normal individuals (P=0.02).	Adenine	63-70	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Homo sapiens	22-26
11170642-0	2001	Crystal structure of human cyclin-dependent kinase 2 in complex with the adenine-derived inhibitor H717.	Adenine	73-80	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	27-52
11092888-1	2001	The human MutY homolog (hMYH) is a DNA glycosylase involved in the removal of adenines or 2-hydroxyadenines misincorporated with template guanines or 7,8-dihydro-8-oxodeoxyguanines.	Adenine	78-86	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	24-28
11170468-9	2001	Guanine and adenine triplet states produced by optical pumping of SL3 DNA are characterized.	Adenine	12-19	matrix metallopeptidase 11	Homo sapiens	66-69
11160847-3	2001	Association studies have shown that a base exchange polymorphism (guanine--&gt;adenine) at position -1082 of the IL-10 promoter is associated with differential IL-10 production.	Adenine	79-86	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	113-118
11160847-3	2001	Association studies have shown that a base exchange polymorphism (guanine--&gt;adenine) at position -1082 of the IL-10 promoter is associated with differential IL-10 production.	Adenine	79-86	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	160-165
11104903-3	2001	A nucleotide substitution of guanine to adenine leading to a non-conservative amino acid change was identified in the XRCC1 gene at codon 399 (Arg/Gln).	Adenine	40-47	X-ray repair cross complementing 1	Homo sapiens	118-123
11054429-1	2001	DNA polymerase eta (Poleta) functions in error-free replication of UV-damaged DNA, and in vitro it efficiently bypasses a cis-syn T-T dimer by incorporating two adenines opposite the lesion.	Adenine	161-169	DNA polymerase eta	Homo sapiens	0-18
11160897-5	2001	After removal of adenine by the Myh glycosylase activity, intact AP DNA remains due to lack of an efficient Myh AP lyase activity.	Adenine	17-24	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	32-35
11785909-2	2001	on PACAP-stimulated cyclic AMP formation in [3H]adenine-prelabeled slices of the hypothalamus and cerebral cortex.	Adenine	48-55	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Gallus gallus	3-8
11141496-7	2001	DNA sequence analysis of exons 2 to 9 of the neuroserpin gene in the proband showed the published normal neuroserpin sequence except for the presence of both adenine and cytosine at the first position of codon 52, that indicates heterozygosity for both the normal Ser(AGT) and variant Arg(CGT) at this position in the expressed protein.	Adenine	158-165	serpin family I member 1	Homo sapiens	45-56
11913732-1	2001	Orange et al reported an allelic variant of the human histamine H2 receptor, in which adenine 649 was replaced with guanine, to be more frequent in the schizophrenic population than controls in British Caucasians.	Adenine	86-93	histamine receptor H2	Homo sapiens	54-75
11087392-0	2000	Src-Abl tyrosine kinase chimeras: replacement of the adenine binding pocket of c-Abl with v-Src to swap nucleotide and inhibitor specificities.	Adenine	53-60	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-3
11554292-8	2001	Major substrates of these enzymes, a uracil opposite an adenine for UNG2 and an adenine opposite an 8-oxoguanine for MYH, are formed during DNA replication.	Adenine	56-63	uracil DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	68-72
11554292-8	2001	Major substrates of these enzymes, a uracil opposite an adenine for UNG2 and an adenine opposite an 8-oxoguanine for MYH, are formed during DNA replication.	Adenine	56-63	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	117-120
11554292-8	2001	Major substrates of these enzymes, a uracil opposite an adenine for UNG2 and an adenine opposite an 8-oxoguanine for MYH, are formed during DNA replication.	Adenine	80-87	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	117-120
11121482-0	2000	Adenine excisional repair function of MYH protein on the adenine:8-hydroxyguanine base pair in double-stranded DNA.	Adenine	0-7	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	38-41
11121482-0	2000	Adenine excisional repair function of MYH protein on the adenine:8-hydroxyguanine base pair in double-stranded DNA.	Adenine	57-64	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	38-41
11121482-1	2000	Adenine paired with 8-hydroxyguanine (oh(8)G), a major component of oxidative DNA damage, is excised by MYH base excision repair protein in human cells.	Adenine	0-7	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	104-107
11095676-4	2000	We show that fusion of the two factors abolished adenine repression, suggesting that what is regulated by adenine is the Bas1p-Bas2p interaction.	Adenine	49-56	Bas1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	121-126
11095676-4	2000	We show that fusion of the two factors abolished adenine repression, suggesting that what is regulated by adenine is the Bas1p-Bas2p interaction.	Adenine	49-56	Pho2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	127-132
11095676-4	2000	We show that fusion of the two factors abolished adenine repression, suggesting that what is regulated by adenine is the Bas1p-Bas2p interaction.	Adenine	106-113	Bas1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	121-126
11095676-4	2000	We show that fusion of the two factors abolished adenine repression, suggesting that what is regulated by adenine is the Bas1p-Bas2p interaction.	Adenine	106-113	Pho2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	127-132
11095676-5	2000	Analysis of Bas1p deletions revealed a critical domain (Bas1p interaction and regulatory domain, BIRD) acting in two-hybrid assays as an adenine-dependent Bas1p-Bas2p interaction domain.	Adenine	137-144	Bas1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	12-17
11095676-5	2000	Analysis of Bas1p deletions revealed a critical domain (Bas1p interaction and regulatory domain, BIRD) acting in two-hybrid assays as an adenine-dependent Bas1p-Bas2p interaction domain.	Adenine	137-144	Bas1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	56-61
11095676-5	2000	Analysis of Bas1p deletions revealed a critical domain (Bas1p interaction and regulatory domain, BIRD) acting in two-hybrid assays as an adenine-dependent Bas1p-Bas2p interaction domain.	Adenine	137-144	Bas1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	56-61
11095676-5	2000	Analysis of Bas1p deletions revealed a critical domain (Bas1p interaction and regulatory domain, BIRD) acting in two-hybrid assays as an adenine-dependent Bas1p-Bas2p interaction domain.	Adenine	137-144	Pho2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	161-166
11095676-8	2000	On ADE1 Bas1p bound the promoter efficiently by itself, but required adenine limitation and Bas2p interaction through BIRD for derepression.	Adenine	69-76	phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	3-7
11095676-8	2000	On ADE1 Bas1p bound the promoter efficiently by itself, but required adenine limitation and Bas2p interaction through BIRD for derepression.	Adenine	69-76	Bas1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	8-13
11095676-9	2000	On HIS4 efficient promoter binding and derepression required both factors and adenine limitation.	Adenine	78-85	trifunctional histidinol dehydrogenase/phosphoribosyl-AMP cyclohydrolase/phosphoribosyl-ATP diphosphatase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	3-7
11095676-10	2000	We propose a promoter-dependent model for adenine regulation in yeast based on controlled Bas1p-Bas2p interactions through BIRD and exploited differentially by the two promoters.	Adenine	42-49	Bas1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	90-95
11095676-10	2000	We propose a promoter-dependent model for adenine regulation in yeast based on controlled Bas1p-Bas2p interactions through BIRD and exploited differentially by the two promoters.	Adenine	42-49	Pho2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	96-101
11101360-4	2000	A minimum of two carbon atoms separating the aromatic ring from the adenine-bearing carbon (C-3") was found to be essential for ADA activity equal to or slightly greater than that of (+)-EHNA.	Adenine	68-75	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	128-131
11087392-0	2000	Src-Abl tyrosine kinase chimeras: replacement of the adenine binding pocket of c-Abl with v-Src to swap nucleotide and inhibitor specificities.	Adenine	53-60	ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	2-7
11073587-1	2000	The synthesis of 12 analogues of adenine substituted at C-8 by an omega-hydroxyalkyl, omega-hydroxyalk-1-enyl, or omega-hydroxyalk-1-ynyl chain of various length has been carried out in five or six steps starting from adenine.	Adenine	33-40	homeobox C8	Homo sapiens	56-59
11073587-4	2000	It was prepared regiospecificaly in two steps from adenine and was amenable to C-8 iodination under basic conditions and to subsequent introduction of the various carbon chains at C-8 by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions (Stille or Sonogashira).	Adenine	51-58	homeobox C8	Homo sapiens	79-82
11073587-4	2000	It was prepared regiospecificaly in two steps from adenine and was amenable to C-8 iodination under basic conditions and to subsequent introduction of the various carbon chains at C-8 by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions (Stille or Sonogashira).	Adenine	51-58	homeobox C8	Homo sapiens	180-183
11035665-1	2000	STUDY OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the adenine (A)-guanine (G) substitution polymorphism at position - 308 on the tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene confers susceptibility to COPD or to the development of a more severe form of disease.	Adenine	43-50	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	118-145
11059761-7	2000	Previously, we showed that both the syn- and anti-DMBADE bind to the adenine (A182) at codon 61 of H-ras.	Adenine	69-76	joined toes	Mus musculus	36-39
11059761-7	2000	Previously, we showed that both the syn- and anti-DMBADE bind to the adenine (A182) at codon 61 of H-ras.	Adenine	69-76	Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene	Mus musculus	99-104
11059761-8	2000	Collectively, these results indicate that the adenine adducts induced by both bay-region diol epoxides of DMBA lead to the mutation at codon 61 of H-ras and, consequently, initiate tumorigenesis in mouse skin.	Adenine	46-53	Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene	Mus musculus	147-152
11027620-2	2000	These changes affect the adenine and the internal cytosine in respectively all of the GATC and CC(A/T)GG sequences.	Adenine	25-32	glutamyl-tRNA amidotransferase subunit C	Homo sapiens	86-90
11027621-2	2000	At 50 microM, kinetin was more efficient (82% inhibition) than adenine (49% inhibition) to inhibit the bovine serum albumin (BSA)-pentosidine formation in slow and fast glycation/glycoxidation models.	Adenine	63-70	albumin	Homo sapiens	110-123
10924730-2	2000	The combined use of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing of genomic DNA revealed a guanine to adenine base substitution at nucleotide position 1013 of the LDL-R cDNA.	Adenine	119-126	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	180-185
10893239-0	2000	Differences between cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator and HisP in the interaction with the adenine ring of ATP.	Adenine	109-116	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	20-71
10938386-0	2000	Deletion of one adenine base within the polyadenine tract of transforming growth factor-beta receptor type II in human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line.	Adenine	16-23	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	61-92
10938386-1	2000	Microsatellite mutation of the polyadenine tract (10 adenine repeat) within the TbetaR-II [transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) receptor type II] coding region have been found in a variety of human cancers, particularly in association with microsatellite instability (MSI).	Adenine	35-42	transforming growth factor beta receptor 2	Homo sapiens	80-89
10938386-1	2000	Microsatellite mutation of the polyadenine tract (10 adenine repeat) within the TbetaR-II [transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) receptor type II] coding region have been found in a variety of human cancers, particularly in association with microsatellite instability (MSI).	Adenine	35-42	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	91-122
10938386-1	2000	Microsatellite mutation of the polyadenine tract (10 adenine repeat) within the TbetaR-II [transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) receptor type II] coding region have been found in a variety of human cancers, particularly in association with microsatellite instability (MSI).	Adenine	35-42	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	124-132
11117265-2	2000	In this study, we present evidence that PAP is associated with ribosomes and depurinates tobacco ribosomes in vivo by removing more than one adenine and a guanine.	Adenine	141-148	light-induced protein, chloroplastic-like	Nicotiana tabacum	40-43
10938386-4	2000	Sequencing analysis for the polyadenine tract of TbetaR-II cDNA obtained from MDA-MB-231 cells indicated heterozygous deletion of one adenine base.	Adenine	32-39	transforming growth factor beta receptor 2	Homo sapiens	49-58
10938386-7	2000	These results suggest that heterozygous deletion of one adenine base within the polyadenine tract in MDA-MB-231 cells might lead to reduced TbetaR-II expression and sensitivity to TGF-beta.	Adenine	56-63	transforming growth factor beta receptor 2	Homo sapiens	140-149
10938386-7	2000	These results suggest that heterozygous deletion of one adenine base within the polyadenine tract in MDA-MB-231 cells might lead to reduced TbetaR-II expression and sensitivity to TGF-beta.	Adenine	56-63	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	180-188
10964654-3	2000	Previously, we have characterized the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as an RNA-binding protein with preference to adenine-uracil-rich sequences.	Adenine	150-157	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	56-96
10964654-3	2000	Previously, we have characterized the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as an RNA-binding protein with preference to adenine-uracil-rich sequences.	Adenine	150-157	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	98-103
10887308-3	2000	A single nucleotide polymorphism consisting of an adenine (A) to cytosine (C) transversion -444 nucleotides upstream of the ATG translation start site in the LTC(4)S gene has been associated with a relative risk of 3.89 for the aspirin-intolerant phenotype in Polish patients.	Adenine	50-57	leukotriene C4 synthase	Homo sapiens	158-165
10932195-7	2000	The gene RAD30 of S. cerevisiae encodes a DNA polymerase, Poleta, that efficiently replicates DNA containing a cis-syn thymine-thymine (T-T) dimer by inserting two adenines across from the dimer.	Adenine	164-172	DNA-directed DNA polymerase eta	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	9-14
10877846-3	2000	In this work, we show that an ade16 ade17 double disruption also leads to histidine auxotrophy, similar to the adenine/histidine auxotrophy of ade3 mutant yeast strains.	Adenine	111-118	bifunctional phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase ADE16	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	30-35
10877846-3	2000	In this work, we show that an ade16 ade17 double disruption also leads to histidine auxotrophy, similar to the adenine/histidine auxotrophy of ade3 mutant yeast strains.	Adenine	111-118	bifunctional phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase ADE17	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	36-41
10877846-8	2000	The expression of Ade17p is repressed by the addition of adenine to the media, whereas Ade16p expression is not affected by adenine.	Adenine	57-64	bifunctional phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase ADE17	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	18-24
10858345-4	2000	A deletion of adenine (A) 1821 was found in marR of isolate EP2, which resulted in an 18-amino-acid C-terminal deletion in the MarR protein.	Adenine	14-21	prostaglandin E receptor 2	Homo sapiens	60-63
10899903-8	2000	In addition, genetically restoring ADA to the forestomach of otherwise ADA-deficient mice prevented adenine metabolic disturbances as well as lung inflammation and damage.	Adenine	100-107	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	35-38
10891990-10	2000	Unexpectedly, full sequencing of the PRNP open reading frame revealed a single novel mutation consisting of an adenine-to-guanine substitution at nucleotide 611, causing alanine to replace threonine at codon 188.	Adenine	111-118	prion protein	Homo sapiens	37-41
10916281-2	2000	A polymorphic variant of the TNF-alpha gene, the TNF2 allele, which is a guanine to adenine polymorphism at position -308 in the TNF-alpha promoter, is associated with higher basal and inducible promoter activity.	Adenine	84-91	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	29-38
10916281-2	2000	A polymorphic variant of the TNF-alpha gene, the TNF2 allele, which is a guanine to adenine polymorphism at position -308 in the TNF-alpha promoter, is associated with higher basal and inducible promoter activity.	Adenine	84-91	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	129-138
10860726-6	2000	The overhang residues are looped out and the penultimate adenines of the two residues at the top end (A15) are anti and at the bottom (A7) end are syn.	Adenine	57-65	synemin	Homo sapiens	147-150
10833411-4	2000	However, the binding affinity of 8-azido-ATP to Kir6.2 was low probably due to modification at 8" position of adenine.	Adenine	110-117	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 11	Homo sapiens	48-54
10833411-5	2000	Here we demonstrate that Kir6.2 can be directly photoaffinity labeled with higher affinity by [gamma-(32)P]ATP-[gamma]4-azidoanilide ([gamma-(32)P]ATP-AA), containing an unmodified adenine ring.	Adenine	181-188	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 11	Homo sapiens	25-31
10860726-7	2000	The syn adenine bases form minor groove A*(G.C) base triples with C8-H...N2 hydrogen bonds.	Adenine	8-15	synemin	Homo sapiens	4-7
10814545-3	2000	We find that ribose and adenine, two major parts of the adenosine nucleotide, bind tightly to phenol sulfotransferase (PST) separately, and various nucleotides also bind tightly to PST.	Adenine	24-31	sulfotransferase family 1A member 1	Homo sapiens	94-117
10814545-3	2000	We find that ribose and adenine, two major parts of the adenosine nucleotide, bind tightly to phenol sulfotransferase (PST) separately, and various nucleotides also bind tightly to PST.	Adenine	24-31	sulfotransferase family 1A member 1	Homo sapiens	119-122
10814545-3	2000	We find that ribose and adenine, two major parts of the adenosine nucleotide, bind tightly to phenol sulfotransferase (PST) separately, and various nucleotides also bind tightly to PST.	Adenine	24-31	sulfotransferase family 1A member 1	Homo sapiens	181-184
10773355-5	2000	The guanine-to-adenine polymorphism at position -308 of the TNFalpha gene promoter region was found associated with CD as the TNF-308A allele appeared significantly increased in frequency in CD haplotypes, and this was shown to be independent of the association between CD and the DRB1*0301,DQA1*0501,DQB1*0201 alleles.	Adenine	15-22	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	60-68
10736424-4	2000	Phosphorylation of CAde was inhibited by adenine, indicating that its initial metabolism most probably proceeds via adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.7).	Adenine	41-48	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	116-149
10773355-5	2000	The guanine-to-adenine polymorphism at position -308 of the TNFalpha gene promoter region was found associated with CD as the TNF-308A allele appeared significantly increased in frequency in CD haplotypes, and this was shown to be independent of the association between CD and the DRB1*0301,DQA1*0501,DQB1*0201 alleles.	Adenine	15-22	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	60-63
10773355-5	2000	The guanine-to-adenine polymorphism at position -308 of the TNFalpha gene promoter region was found associated with CD as the TNF-308A allele appeared significantly increased in frequency in CD haplotypes, and this was shown to be independent of the association between CD and the DRB1*0301,DQA1*0501,DQB1*0201 alleles.	Adenine	15-22	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	Homo sapiens	281-285
10773355-5	2000	The guanine-to-adenine polymorphism at position -308 of the TNFalpha gene promoter region was found associated with CD as the TNF-308A allele appeared significantly increased in frequency in CD haplotypes, and this was shown to be independent of the association between CD and the DRB1*0301,DQA1*0501,DQB1*0201 alleles.	Adenine	15-22	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ alpha 1	Homo sapiens	291-295
10773355-5	2000	The guanine-to-adenine polymorphism at position -308 of the TNFalpha gene promoter region was found associated with CD as the TNF-308A allele appeared significantly increased in frequency in CD haplotypes, and this was shown to be independent of the association between CD and the DRB1*0301,DQA1*0501,DQB1*0201 alleles.	Adenine	15-22	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1	Homo sapiens	301-305
10799276-2	2000	However, although uptake of(14)C adenine by gonococci [strain BS4(agar)] held for 4 or 7 min at 37 degrees C in Hanks balanced salt solution was increased for lactate treated gonococci compared with control organisms, uptake of(14)C glucose and(14)C proline under these conditions was unaffected.	Adenine	33-40	negative regulator of ubiquitin like proteins 1	Homo sapiens	62-65
10775587-12	2000	Two thymines occur at unique positions within EBNA-1 binding sites 1 and 4 at the DS and become sensitive to oxidation by permanganate when EBNA-1 binds, but mutation of each to the consensus base, adenine, actually improved the activity of each half of the DS slightly.	Adenine	198-205	EBNA-1	Human gammaherpesvirus 4	46-52
10775416-3	2000	In order to determine the metabolic roles of both forms of folylpolyglutamate synthetase, we disrupted the met7 gene and determined that the strain is a methionine auxotroph and an adenine and thymidine auxotroph when grown in the presence of sulfanilamide.	Adenine	181-188	tetrahydrofolate synthase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	107-111
10683520-4	2000	The presence of guanine instead of adenine at position -1082 in the IL10 promotor was shown to result in a higher IL10 production.	Adenine	35-42	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	68-72
10683520-4	2000	The presence of guanine instead of adenine at position -1082 in the IL10 promotor was shown to result in a higher IL10 production.	Adenine	35-42	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	114-118
10734316-7	2000	In the tumor of this patient, the PTEN1 gene, one of the genes carrying microsatellite sequences in their coding regions, was altered by a slippage mutation within five adenine repeat sequences.	Adenine	169-176	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Homo sapiens	34-39
10725365-2	2000	RAD30 encodes a DNA polymerase, Pol eta, which inserts two adenines opposite the two thymines of a cis-syn thymine-thymine (T-T) dimer.	Adenine	59-67	DNA-directed DNA polymerase eta	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-5
10762296-4	2000	We report a case where genetic analysis showed a WT1 mutation typically associated with Frasier syndrome: a 1228 + 5 guanine to adenine substitution at the 3" alternative splice donor site in intron 9.	Adenine	128-135	WT1 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	49-52
10684601-2	2000	As an example, adenine activates the yeast low-molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase LTP1 more than 30-fold.	Adenine	15-22	tyrosine protein phosphatase LTP1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	93-97
10712415-2	2000	In this article, the regulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression in rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs) by adenine and uridine nucleotides was examined and compared.	Adenine	134-141	serpin family E member 1	Rattus norvegicus	35-68
10712415-2	2000	In this article, the regulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression in rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs) by adenine and uridine nucleotides was examined and compared.	Adenine	134-141	serpin family E member 1	Rattus norvegicus	70-75
10712415-12	2000	These results show that extracellular adenine and uridine nucleotides exert potent and opposing effects on vascular PAI-1 expression.	Adenine	38-45	serpin family E member 1	Rattus norvegicus	116-121
10691699-4	2000	Specifically, the binding site of the P2Y(1) receptor was found to be sufficiently accommodating to allow the substitution of the ribose group with acyclic aliphatic and aromatic chains attached to the 9-position of adenine.	Adenine	216-223	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Meleagris gallopavo	38-44
10644039-3	2000	In situ thymidylate synthase (EC 2.1.1.45) activity was measured by the release of 3H2O from [5"-3H]deoxyuridine and de novo purine synthesis by the incorporation of [14C]formate into adenine and guanine.	Adenine	184-191	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	8-28
10684601-3	2000	To examine the structural and mechanistic basis of this phenomenon, we have determined the crystal structure of yeast LTP1 complexed with adenine.	Adenine	138-145	tyrosine protein phosphatase LTP1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	118-122
10706492-2	2000	A guanine to adenine substitution at position -308 of the TNF-alpha gene promoter (TNF1/2) has been associated with chronic bronchitis of various aetiologies in a Taiwanese population.	Adenine	13-20	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	58-67
10710882-7	2000	Analysis of the thyroid hormone receptor beta gene of both affected girls revealed the same missense mutation, changing the guanine in nucleotide 1234 to an adenine which results in the replacement of the normal alanine (GCT) with a threonine (ACT) at codon 317.	Adenine	157-164	thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens	16-45
11996106-13	2000	Nucleotide synthesis from SAM involves the formation of adenine as an intermediate with its subsequent incorporation by adenine phosphoribosyltransferase.	Adenine	56-63	adenine phosphoribosyl transferase	Rattus norvegicus	120-153
10662864-3	2000	Complementation of a yeast mutant deficient in adenine uptake (fcy2) with an Arabidopsis cDNA expression library enabled the identification of a gene, AtPUP1 (for Arabidopsis thaliana purine permease1), belonging to a large gene family (AtPUP1 to AtPUP15) encoding a new class of small, integral membrane proteins.	Adenine	47-54	purine permease 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	151-157
10662864-3	2000	Complementation of a yeast mutant deficient in adenine uptake (fcy2) with an Arabidopsis cDNA expression library enabled the identification of a gene, AtPUP1 (for Arabidopsis thaliana purine permease1), belonging to a large gene family (AtPUP1 to AtPUP15) encoding a new class of small, integral membrane proteins.	Adenine	47-54	purine permease 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	237-243
10662864-3	2000	Complementation of a yeast mutant deficient in adenine uptake (fcy2) with an Arabidopsis cDNA expression library enabled the identification of a gene, AtPUP1 (for Arabidopsis thaliana purine permease1), belonging to a large gene family (AtPUP1 to AtPUP15) encoding a new class of small, integral membrane proteins.	Adenine	47-54	purine permease	Arabidopsis thaliana	247-254
10662864-4	2000	AtPUP1 transports adenine and cytosine with high affinity.	Adenine	18-25	purine permease 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-6
10627292-4	2000	Here we demonstrate that bcl-2 mRNA is endowed with an adenine- and uracil-rich element (ARE) characterized by high evolutionary conservation not only among all chordates examined, but even between chordates and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (ced-9 gene).	Adenine	55-62	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	25-30
10712749-2	2000	APRT-deficient T-cells were selected in medium containing 50 microg/ml 2, 6-diaminopurine (DAP), an adenine analog that is toxic only to cells with APRT enzyme activity.	Adenine	100-107	adenine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	0-4
10686432-19	2000	In E(2)-treated rats, a point mutation with a base substitution from cytidine (C) to adenine (A) was found at the -36-bp site of the proximal promoter of the prolactin gene in eutopic pituitary prolactinomas, but no change was observed in the same sequence of the prolactin gene in ectopic prolactinoma.	Adenine	85-92	prolactin	Homo sapiens	158-167
10686432-19	2000	In E(2)-treated rats, a point mutation with a base substitution from cytidine (C) to adenine (A) was found at the -36-bp site of the proximal promoter of the prolactin gene in eutopic pituitary prolactinomas, but no change was observed in the same sequence of the prolactin gene in ectopic prolactinoma.	Adenine	85-92	prolactin	Homo sapiens	194-203
10627292-4	2000	Here we demonstrate that bcl-2 mRNA is endowed with an adenine- and uracil-rich element (ARE) characterized by high evolutionary conservation not only among all chordates examined, but even between chordates and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (ced-9 gene).	Adenine	55-62	Apoptosis regulator ced-9	Caenorhabditis elegans	249-254
11328656-1	2000	Polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidases (rRNA N-glycosidases, EC 3.2.2.22, more commonly known as ribosome-inactivating proteins, RIP) are a numerous family of plant and bacterial enzymes, shown to release also adenine from DNA in vitro.	Adenine	209-216	receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	128-131
10718633-10	2000	In addition, various purine analogs such as inosine, purine, alpha-adenosine and adenine showed variable inhibitions on the activity of ADA.	Adenine	81-88	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	136-139
10833794-2	2000	MATERIALS AND METHODS: Polymorphism that consists in variability of adenine (A) and cytosine (C) residues at position 1166 of the gene for vascular angiotensin II receptor (AT1R) was analyzed in a Moscow population (n = 98) and three groups of affected patients with myocardial infarction (n = 32, MI), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH, n = 38) and essential hypertension (EH, n = 178).	Adenine	68-75	angiotensin II receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	173-177
10772708-3	2000	Formation of the intramolecular pyrophosphate linkage by a conformation-restriction strategy in a syn-form using a halogen substitution at the 8-position of the adenine ring.	Adenine	161-168	synemin	Homo sapiens	98-101
10611949-5	1999	Direct genomic DNA sequencing of TTR exon 2 showed both adenine and cytosine in the position corresponding to the second base of codon 38.	Adenine	56-63	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	33-36
10601839-0	2000	Expression of size-polymorphic androgen receptor gene in uterine leiomyoma according to the number of cytosine, adenine, and guanine repeats in androgen receptor alleles.	Adenine	112-119	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	31-48
10601839-1	2000	The amino terminus region of the androgen receptor (AR) gene in the X chromosome involves the cytosine, adenine, and guanine (CAG) repeats.	Adenine	104-111	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	33-50
10601839-1	2000	The amino terminus region of the androgen receptor (AR) gene in the X chromosome involves the cytosine, adenine, and guanine (CAG) repeats.	Adenine	104-111	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	52-54
10600387-5	1999	The crystal structure reveals that the Hpa2 tetramer is stabilized by base-pair interactions between the adenine moieties of the bound AcCoA molecules.	Adenine	105-112	histone acetyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	39-43
10556030-4	1999	In this study we have investigated the interaction of HMG-D, a Drosophila counterpart of the vertebrate HMG1, with a DNA oligomer containing a bulge of two adenine residues.	Adenine	156-163	High mobility group protein D	Drosophila melanogaster	54-59
10687043-1	1999	A new genetic anomaly predisposing to venous thrombosis was described in 1996, namely the transition of guanine (G) to adenine (A) at position 20210 in the 3-untranslated region of the prothrombin gene.	Adenine	119-126	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	185-196
10850548-6	1999	Here we show that infection of human 1306, HPRT-negative cells with RAd-HPRT, expressed high enough levels of HPRT enzyme activity, as to reverse their abnormal biochemical phenotype, thus enhancing hypoxanthine incorporation and restoring purine recycling, increasing GTP levels, decreasing adenine incorporation, and allowing cell survival in HAT medium in which only cells expressing high levels of HPRT can survive.	Adenine	292-299	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	43-47
10850548-6	1999	Here we show that infection of human 1306, HPRT-negative cells with RAd-HPRT, expressed high enough levels of HPRT enzyme activity, as to reverse their abnormal biochemical phenotype, thus enhancing hypoxanthine incorporation and restoring purine recycling, increasing GTP levels, decreasing adenine incorporation, and allowing cell survival in HAT medium in which only cells expressing high levels of HPRT can survive.	Adenine	292-299	RRAD, Ras related glycolysis inhibitor and calcium channel regulator	Homo sapiens	68-71
10850548-6	1999	Here we show that infection of human 1306, HPRT-negative cells with RAd-HPRT, expressed high enough levels of HPRT enzyme activity, as to reverse their abnormal biochemical phenotype, thus enhancing hypoxanthine incorporation and restoring purine recycling, increasing GTP levels, decreasing adenine incorporation, and allowing cell survival in HAT medium in which only cells expressing high levels of HPRT can survive.	Adenine	292-299	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	72-76
10850548-6	1999	Here we show that infection of human 1306, HPRT-negative cells with RAd-HPRT, expressed high enough levels of HPRT enzyme activity, as to reverse their abnormal biochemical phenotype, thus enhancing hypoxanthine incorporation and restoring purine recycling, increasing GTP levels, decreasing adenine incorporation, and allowing cell survival in HAT medium in which only cells expressing high levels of HPRT can survive.	Adenine	292-299	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	72-76
10850548-6	1999	Here we show that infection of human 1306, HPRT-negative cells with RAd-HPRT, expressed high enough levels of HPRT enzyme activity, as to reverse their abnormal biochemical phenotype, thus enhancing hypoxanthine incorporation and restoring purine recycling, increasing GTP levels, decreasing adenine incorporation, and allowing cell survival in HAT medium in which only cells expressing high levels of HPRT can survive.	Adenine	292-299	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	72-76
10567604-1	1999	The prothrombin gene mutation, 20210A, a guanine to adenine substitution at nucleotide position 20210, has recently been described as an additional risk factor for venous thromboembolic disease.	Adenine	52-59	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	4-15
10626171-6	1999	In 4 of the 5 severe MSI(+) cases, a 10-bp adenine tract at codons 125-128 of the TGF beta RII gene was mutated.	Adenine	43-50	transforming growth factor beta receptor 2	Homo sapiens	82-94
10504387-1	1999	Previous studies have identified the guanine and adenine binding domains of the GTP and ADP binding sites of GDH.	Adenine	49-56	glutamate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial	Bos taurus	109-112
10595542-2	1999	We now present unprecedented experimental evidence that PAP can release not only adenine but guanine as well from Escherichia coli rRNA, albeit at a rate 20 times slower than for adenine.	Adenine	81-88	putative antirestriction protein	Escherichia coli	56-59
10595542-2	1999	We now present unprecedented experimental evidence that PAP can release not only adenine but guanine as well from Escherichia coli rRNA, albeit at a rate 20 times slower than for adenine.	Adenine	179-186	putative antirestriction protein	Escherichia coli	56-59
10670762-4	1999	One of the 46, XY females suffered a novel missense mutation at position 306 of SR Y gene, wherein cytosine was replaced by adenine (CGC--&gt;AGC), resulting in a substitution of serine for arginine at amino acid position 76 of SR Y protein.	Adenine	124-131	sex determining region Y	Homo sapiens	80-84
10541551-2	1999	The OCA-B peptide binds in the major groove near the center of the octamer site, and its polypeptide backbone forms a pair of hydrogen bonds with the adenine base at position 5 of the octamer DNA.	Adenine	150-157	POU class 2 homeobox associating factor 1	Homo sapiens	4-9
10523360-1	1999	Recently, a novel mutation in the promoter region of the angiotensinogen gene that involves the presence of an adenine instead of a guanine 6 bp upstream from the transcription initiation site (A(-6)G) has been shown to induce an increase in gene transcription.	Adenine	111-118	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	57-72
10504256-8	1999	The angle between the base planes of the two nonstacking adenines (A10 and A11) in the bulge loop reflects the kinking angle of the global DNA structure.	Adenine	57-65	immunoglobulin kappa variable 6D-21 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	67-70
10491308-1	1999	Modeling studies, combined with the molecular docking of the trinucleotide GGG into the active site of the deadenylating RNA N-glycosidase pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP), indicated that a guanine base can fit into the active site pocket of PAP without disturbing its unique geometry and is sandwiched between residues Tyr(72) and Tyr(123) very much like an adenine base.	Adenine	359-366	regenerating family member 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	167-170
10491308-3	1999	These observations prompted the hypothesis that the RNA depurinating activity of PAP may not be restricted to adenine residues and PAP should be capable of deguanylating ribosomal and viral RNA as well.	Adenine	110-117	regenerating family member 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	81-84
10491308-5	1999	Recombinant PAP released adenine and guanine residues at a 1:1 ratio from HIV-1 RNA and at an approximately 3:1 (adenine:guanine) ratio from Escherichia coli ribosomal RNA.	Adenine	25-32	regenerating family member 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	12-15
10509016-3	1999	A minimal functional construct of SER1 is necessary and sufficient to complement both the adenine- and serine-requiring phenotypes of ade9 strains.	Adenine	90-97	O-phospho-L-serine:2-oxoglutarate transaminase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	34-38
10509016-3	1999	A minimal functional construct of SER1 is necessary and sufficient to complement both the adenine- and serine-requiring phenotypes of ade9 strains.	Adenine	90-97	O-phospho-L-serine:2-oxoglutarate transaminase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	134-138
10509016-4	1999	In addition, adequate exogenous serine levels mask the adenine phenotype of ade9.	Adenine	55-62	O-phospho-L-serine:2-oxoglutarate transaminase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	76-80
10491308-5	1999	Recombinant PAP released adenine and guanine residues at a 1:1 ratio from HIV-1 RNA and at an approximately 3:1 (adenine:guanine) ratio from Escherichia coli ribosomal RNA.	Adenine	113-120	regenerating family member 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	12-15
10504256-8	1999	The angle between the base planes of the two nonstacking adenines (A10 and A11) in the bulge loop reflects the kinking angle of the global DNA structure.	Adenine	57-65	DXS435E	Homo sapiens	75-78
10491308-6	1999	At a concentration of 5 microM, recombinant PAP released 263 +/- 10 pmol of adenine and 100 +/- 11 pmol of guanine from 1 microgram of E. coli ribosomal RNA (16S + 23S) within 4 h of treatment.	Adenine	76-83	putative antirestriction protein	Escherichia coli	44-47
10464269-1	1999	A prominent feature of the interaction of MS2 coat protein with RNA is the quasi-symmetric insertion of a bulged adenine (A-10) and a loop adenine (A-4) into conserved pockets on each subunit of the coat protein dimer.	Adenine	113-120	MS2	Homo sapiens	42-45
10503872-5	1999	A somatic insertion of an extra adenine in the (A)6 region at codon 321-323 (exon 8) of the PTEN/MMAC1 gene, leading to a frame-shift, was identified in one tumor.	Adenine	32-39	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Homo sapiens	92-96
10503872-5	1999	A somatic insertion of an extra adenine in the (A)6 region at codon 321-323 (exon 8) of the PTEN/MMAC1 gene, leading to a frame-shift, was identified in one tumor.	Adenine	32-39	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Homo sapiens	97-102
10464269-1	1999	A prominent feature of the interaction of MS2 coat protein with RNA is the quasi-symmetric insertion of a bulged adenine (A-10) and a loop adenine (A-4) into conserved pockets on each subunit of the coat protein dimer.	Adenine	139-146	MS2	Homo sapiens	42-45
10464269-1	1999	A prominent feature of the interaction of MS2 coat protein with RNA is the quasi-symmetric insertion of a bulged adenine (A-10) and a loop adenine (A-4) into conserved pockets on each subunit of the coat protein dimer.	Adenine	139-146	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-27 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	148-151
10511065-4	1999	METHODS: An adenine (A) to guanine (G) transition was identified in the 5" promotor region of the CYP3A4 gene at position -292 (from the start codon), in a sequence motif known as the nifedipine-specific element.	Adenine	12-19	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	98-104
10571960-9	1999	RESULTS: Among 6 autonomous nodules tested one heterozygotic somatic mutation of adenine for cytosine at 1804 nucleotide of TSH receptor gene was detected.	Adenine	81-88	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	124-136
10518225-0	1999	MSH2 and MSH6 are required for removal of adenine misincorporated opposite 8-oxo-guanine in S. cerevisiae.	Adenine	42-49	mismatch repair ATPase MSH2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-4
10576062-1	1999	Polymorphism A1166C of the AT1R gene encoding angiotensin vascular receptor [replacement of C (cytosine) for A (adenine)) at position 1166] was compared in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) complicated by diabetic nephropathy (DN) and in noncomplicated patients (n = 27 and n = 41, respectively) and also in patients with IDDM complicated by diabetic retinopathy (DR) and in correspondent noncomplicated individuals (n = 30 and n = 44, respectively).	Adenine	112-119	angiotensin II receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	27-31
10518225-0	1999	MSH2 and MSH6 are required for removal of adenine misincorporated opposite 8-oxo-guanine in S. cerevisiae.	Adenine	42-49	mismatch repair ATPase MSH6	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	9-13
10493577-3	1999	Crystal structures of 2.0-2.1 A resolution revealed that both ApG or ApCpC nucleotides are cleaved by PAP, leaving only the adenine base clearly visible in the active site pocket of PAP.	Adenine	124-131	regenerating family member 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	182-185
10428512-6	1999	This mouse model is based on the differential capacity of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT)-positive and APRT-negative cells to sequester and incorporate radiolabeled adenine.	Adenine	58-65	adenine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	93-97
10403789-4	1999	Our findings presented herein provide direct evidence that three different PAP isoforms from Phytolacca americana (PAP-I from spring leaves, PAP-II from early summer leaves, and PAP-III from late summer leaves) cause concentration-dependent depurination of genomic RNA (63 to 400 pmols of adenine released per micrograms of RNA) purified from human immunodeficiency virus type-I (HIV-I), plant virus (tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), and bacteriophage (MS 2).	Adenine	289-296	regenerating family member 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	75-78
10493597-0	1999	Expression of size-polymorphic androgen receptor (AR) gene in ovarian endometriosis according to the number of cytosine, adenine, and guanine (CAG) repeats in AR alleles.	Adenine	121-128	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	31-48
10493597-0	1999	Expression of size-polymorphic androgen receptor (AR) gene in ovarian endometriosis according to the number of cytosine, adenine, and guanine (CAG) repeats in AR alleles.	Adenine	121-128	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	50-52
10493597-2	1999	The A/B region of AR gene in X chromosome involves the cytosine, adenine, and guanine (CAG) repeats.	Adenine	65-72	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	18-20
10403789-4	1999	Our findings presented herein provide direct evidence that three different PAP isoforms from Phytolacca americana (PAP-I from spring leaves, PAP-II from early summer leaves, and PAP-III from late summer leaves) cause concentration-dependent depurination of genomic RNA (63 to 400 pmols of adenine released per micrograms of RNA) purified from human immunodeficiency virus type-I (HIV-I), plant virus (tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), and bacteriophage (MS 2).	Adenine	289-296	regenerating family member 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	115-118
10403789-4	1999	Our findings presented herein provide direct evidence that three different PAP isoforms from Phytolacca americana (PAP-I from spring leaves, PAP-II from early summer leaves, and PAP-III from late summer leaves) cause concentration-dependent depurination of genomic RNA (63 to 400 pmols of adenine released per micrograms of RNA) purified from human immunodeficiency virus type-I (HIV-I), plant virus (tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), and bacteriophage (MS 2).	Adenine	289-296	regenerating family member 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	115-118
10403789-4	1999	Our findings presented herein provide direct evidence that three different PAP isoforms from Phytolacca americana (PAP-I from spring leaves, PAP-II from early summer leaves, and PAP-III from late summer leaves) cause concentration-dependent depurination of genomic RNA (63 to 400 pmols of adenine released per micrograms of RNA) purified from human immunodeficiency virus type-I (HIV-I), plant virus (tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), and bacteriophage (MS 2).	Adenine	289-296	regenerating family member 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	115-118
10438013-2	1999	Animals tested in this breed are homozygous for a guanine to adenine transition in exon 3 (C313Y) of the myostatin (MSTN) gene.	Adenine	61-68	myostatin	Bos taurus	105-114
10393170-1	1999	The enzyme adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) functions to salvage adenine by converting it to adenosine-5-monophosphate (AMP).	Adenine	11-18	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Leishmania donovani	46-50
10393170-3	1999	We determined crystal structures for APRT from Leishmania donovani in complex with the substrate adenine, the product AMP, and sulfate and citrate ions that appear to mimic the binding of phosphate moieties.	Adenine	97-104	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Leishmania donovani	37-41
10393170-6	1999	The core of APRT is similar to that of other phosphoribosyltransferases, although the adenine-binding domain is quite different.	Adenine	86-93	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Leishmania donovani	12-16
10389856-3	1999	Thus, we investigated the frequency of polymorphism of the adenine- and thymine-rich element (ARE-1 and its variant ARE-2) in 426 Japanese type 2 diabetic and 380 nondiabetic subjects using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction enzyme fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method.	Adenine	59-66	VPS52 subunit of GARP complex	Homo sapiens	94-99
10385680-5	1999	Bifunctional Com1 formed DNA adducts coordinating to single adenine or guanine residues or by forming cross-links between these residues.	Adenine	60-67	nuclear protein 1, transcriptional regulator	Homo sapiens	13-17
10385680-6	1999	In comparison with cisplatin, Com1 formed the adducts more frequently at adenine residues and also formed fewer bidentate lesions.	Adenine	73-80	nuclear protein 1, transcriptional regulator	Homo sapiens	30-34
10438013-2	1999	Animals tested in this breed are homozygous for a guanine to adenine transition in exon 3 (C313Y) of the myostatin (MSTN) gene.	Adenine	61-68	myostatin	Bos taurus	116-120
10350454-0	1999	The C-terminal domain of the adenine-DNA glycosylase MutY confers specificity for 8-oxoguanine.adenine mispairs and may have evolved from MutT, an 8-oxo-dGTPase.	Adenine	29-36	nudix hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	147-160
10353851-0	1999	Adenine base unstacking dominates the observed enthalpy and heat capacity changes for the Escherichia coli SSB tetramer binding to single-stranded oligoadenylates.	Adenine	0-7	single-stranded DNA-binding protein	Escherichia coli	107-110
10357803-10	1999	Our data show: (i) significantly higher DBP-DNA adduction in mammary tissue as compared with non-target tissues, which is consistent with its mammary carcinogenicity; (ii) adenine is highly reactive towards DBP metabolites as has been observed for many other PAHs; and (iii) the peak binding of DBP with DNA was shifted beyond 14 days for the non-target tissues by i.m.	Adenine	172-179	D-box binding PAR bZIP transcription factor	Rattus norvegicus	40-43
10357803-10	1999	Our data show: (i) significantly higher DBP-DNA adduction in mammary tissue as compared with non-target tissues, which is consistent with its mammary carcinogenicity; (ii) adenine is highly reactive towards DBP metabolites as has been observed for many other PAHs; and (iii) the peak binding of DBP with DNA was shifted beyond 14 days for the non-target tissues by i.m.	Adenine	172-179	D-box binding PAR bZIP transcription factor	Rattus norvegicus	207-210
10357803-10	1999	Our data show: (i) significantly higher DBP-DNA adduction in mammary tissue as compared with non-target tissues, which is consistent with its mammary carcinogenicity; (ii) adenine is highly reactive towards DBP metabolites as has been observed for many other PAHs; and (iii) the peak binding of DBP with DNA was shifted beyond 14 days for the non-target tissues by i.m.	Adenine	172-179	D-box binding PAR bZIP transcription factor	Rattus norvegicus	207-210
10404592-1	1999	BACKGROUND: 5"-Deoxy-5"-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) catalyzes the reversible phosphorolysis of 5"-deoxy-5"-methylthioadenosine (MTA) to adenine and 5-methylthio-D-ribose-1-phosphate.	Adenine	149-156	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	12-57
10404592-1	1999	BACKGROUND: 5"-Deoxy-5"-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) catalyzes the reversible phosphorolysis of 5"-deoxy-5"-methylthioadenosine (MTA) to adenine and 5-methylthio-D-ribose-1-phosphate.	Adenine	149-156	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	59-63
10404592-14	1999	The MTAP structure represents the first structure of a mammalian PNP that is specific for 6-aminopurines.	Adenine	90-104	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	4-8
10413613-6	1999	We compare the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the ADE2 gene and product to other highly related adenine biosynthetic genes and enzymes from other yeasts and fungi.	Adenine	104-111	phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase ADE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	58-62
10413613-8	1999	Finally, we have identified the ade2 mutations in strains M001 and M049, adenine auxotrophic mutants derived from the serotype A strain H99.	Adenine	73-80	phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase and phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase	Homo sapiens	32-36
10434361-4	1999	From statistical evaluation on various combinations of genotypes, we observed that the cancer risk of those who have both GSTM1 present genotype and GSTP1 Adenine/Adenine homozygous genotype was significantly less than those who have other combinations of genotypes for two genes.	Adenine	155-162	glutathione S-transferase pi 1	Homo sapiens	149-154
10434361-4	1999	From statistical evaluation on various combinations of genotypes, we observed that the cancer risk of those who have both GSTM1 present genotype and GSTP1 Adenine/Adenine homozygous genotype was significantly less than those who have other combinations of genotypes for two genes.	Adenine	163-170	glutathione S-transferase pi 1	Homo sapiens	149-154
10350454-0	1999	The C-terminal domain of the adenine-DNA glycosylase MutY confers specificity for 8-oxoguanine.adenine mispairs and may have evolved from MutT, an 8-oxo-dGTPase.	Adenine	95-102	nudix hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	147-160
10229631-11	1999	2"-Deoxyadenosine bisphosphate analogues containing halo, amino, and thioether groups at the 2-position of the adenine ring were more potent P2Y1 receptor antagonists than analogues containing various heteroatom substitutions at the 8-position.	Adenine	111-118	P2Y purinoceptor 1	Meleagris gallopavo	141-145
10408954-0	1999	Synthesis of FinP RNA by plasmids F and pSLT is regulated by DNA adenine methylation.	Adenine	65-72	putative transglycosylase	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium	13-17
9974380-3	1999	When incubated in vitro with all four nucleotides, Rad30 incorporates two adenines opposite the thymine-thymine dimer.	Adenine	74-82	DNA-directed DNA polymerase eta	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	51-56
10323385-4	1999	Using PCR-single-strand DNA conformational polymorphism, PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, and DNA sequencing, we have identified a novel mutation in the polymorphic CAG trinucleotide region of exon 1 of the AR gene, where a single adenine is inserted, or equivalently, a GC-dinucleotide is deleted at this region of the gene.	Adenine	243-250	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	219-221
10197619-1	1999	Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) is an important enzyme for the salvage of adenine and methionine and is deficient in a variety of cancers including T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (T-ALL).	Adenine	83-90	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	35-39
10022867-7	1999	Elimination of ETH1 in apn1 strains also increased spontaneous mutation rates 9- or 31-fold compared to the wild type as determined by reversion to adenine or lysine prototrophy, respectively.	Adenine	148-155	DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase APN2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	15-19
10022867-7	1999	Elimination of ETH1 in apn1 strains also increased spontaneous mutation rates 9- or 31-fold compared to the wild type as determined by reversion to adenine or lysine prototrophy, respectively.	Adenine	148-155	DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase APN1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	23-27
10052954-8	1999	The G.A mispairs are protonated at N1 of the adenines as in the C.A+ mispairs, and two hydrogen bonds in the G(syn).A+(anti) conformation are formed.	Adenine	45-53	synemin	Homo sapiens	111-114
9852123-0	1998	Negative control of the poly(A)-binding protein mRNA translation is mediated by the adenine-rich region of its 5"-untranslated region.	Adenine	84-91	poly(A) binding protein cytoplasmic 1	Homo sapiens	24-47
10890789-2	1999	An adenine to guanine point mutation in the tRNA(Leu(UUR)) gene at nucleotide 3,243 is one of the deaf-related mutations.	Adenine	3-10	mitochondrially encoded tRNA glycine	Homo sapiens	44-57
10780454-4	1999	The results suggest that aminoacylation of proto-tRNA might have started through the direct hydrophobic (or stacking) interaction between the large, hydrophobic amino acid residue (now utilizing a class I aaRS) of aminoacyl-AMP and the 3"-terminal adenine.	Adenine	248-255	alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	205-209
9920941-1	1999	Pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP), a 29-kDa ribosome-inactivating protein, catalytically removes an adenine residue from the conserved alpha-sarcin loop of the large rRNA, thereby preventing the binding of eEF-2.GTP complex during protein elongation.	Adenine	99-106	putative antirestriction protein	Escherichia coli	28-31
10789992-4	1999	Molecular analysis revealed a deletion of a single adenine base in exon 4 of CD16 at nucleotide 550.	Adenine	51-58	Fc gamma receptor IIIa	Homo sapiens	77-81
10664886-0	1999	Development of papillae on colonies of two isopolyauxotrophic strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae allelic in RAD6 during adenine starvation.	Adenine	121-128	E2 ubiquitin-conjugating protein RAD6	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	109-113
10664886-2	1999	The most promising for this purpose appeared to be culturing low numbers of colonies on suboptimal plates with a growth-limiting amount of adenine at 28 degrees C for 20 d. Inactivation of the RAD6 gene which suppresses the level of starvation-associated mutagenesis markedly enhanced papilla formation under these conditions.	Adenine	139-146	E2 ubiquitin-conjugating protein RAD6	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	193-197
10474818-4	1999	A single base pair substitution was identified in the coding region at position 237, where thymidine became adenine, and this mutation replaced a leucine codon, TTG, with a termination codon, TAG.	Adenine	108-115	transglutaminase 2, C polypeptide	Mus musculus	161-164
10098454-8	1998	The mouse Ogg1 protein acts efficiently on duplexes in which the 8-OH-Gua is paired with a cytosine but is inactive on 8-OH-Gua: Ade pair, consistently with its proposed biological role in the avoidance of mutations.	Adenine	129-132	8-oxoguanine DNA-glycosylase 1	Mus musculus	10-14
9860490-8	1998	In calf thymus DNA modified with EH at 37 degreesC for 50 h, both epsilonAde and DHH-epsilonAde were detected at high levels by this method, 4.5 +/- 0.7 and 90.8 +/- 8.7 adducts/10(3) adenine, respectively.	Adenine	184-191	desert hedgehog signaling molecule	Bos taurus	81-84
9860503-2	1998	At pH 1, hypoxanthine and xanthine are formed from the deamination of adenine and guanine, respectively, whereas under the same conditions, uracil is not detected.	Adenine	70-77	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	3-7
9924987-1	1998	Pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP) from Phytolacca americana is a highly specific N-glycosidase removing adenine residues (A4324 in 28S rRNA and A2660 in 23S rRNA) from intact ribosomes of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes.	Adenine	103-110	putative antirestriction protein	Escherichia coli	28-31
9826748-13	1998	Moreover, the Ntg1 protein releases free 8-OH-Gua from 8-OH-Gua/Gua duplex but not from duplexes containing 8-OH-Gua mispaired with adenine, thymine or cytosine.	Adenine	132-139	bifunctional N-glycosylase/AP lyase NTG1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	14-18
10052620-12	1998	Thus, in our non-palindromic oligonucleotide the water molecules bind differently to A11 and A15 although both adenines are part of a TpA step.	Adenine	111-119	DXS435E	Homo sapiens	85-88
10052620-12	1998	Thus, in our non-palindromic oligonucleotide the water molecules bind differently to A11 and A15 although both adenines are part of a TpA step.	Adenine	111-119	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-32 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	93-96
9845970-1	1998	Molecular modeling studies were conducted on various chemically diverse classes of human A3 adenosine receptor antagonists (hA3ANTs), such as adenines, xanthines, triazoloquinazolines, flavonoids, thiazolopyridines, 6-phenyl-1, 4-dihydropyridines, and 6-phenylpyridines.	Adenine	142-150	T cell immune regulator 1, ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit a3	Homo sapiens	89-91
9813319-3	1998	The presence of three isozymes of adenylate kinase (AK1, AK2 and AK3) that maintains the homeostasis of adenine and guanine nucleotide composition has been reported in the vertebrate.	Adenine	104-111	adenylate kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
9813319-3	1998	The presence of three isozymes of adenylate kinase (AK1, AK2 and AK3) that maintains the homeostasis of adenine and guanine nucleotide composition has been reported in the vertebrate.	Adenine	104-111	adenylate kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
9813319-3	1998	The presence of three isozymes of adenylate kinase (AK1, AK2 and AK3) that maintains the homeostasis of adenine and guanine nucleotide composition has been reported in the vertebrate.	Adenine	104-111	adenylate kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	65-68
9801308-6	1998	The 38 kDa OGG-1, identical to the cloned enzyme, cleaves 8-oxoG when paired with cytosine, thymine and guanine but not adenine in DNA.	Adenine	120-127	8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	11-16
9823710-7	1998	The adenine and thymine (AT) content varied from 48% for the THO1 locus to 69% for F13A01 and vWFA31 loci.	Adenine	4-11	THO complex 1	Homo sapiens	61-65
9791124-8	1998	Under nitrogen-limiting conditions, SNZ1 mRNAs accumulate in tryptophan, adenine, and uracil auxotrophs but not in prototrophic strains, indicating that induction occurs in response to the limitation of specific nutrients.	Adenine	73-80	pyridoxine biosynthesis protein SNZ1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	36-40
9822821-6	1998	Finally, the expression of two pyrimidine biosynthesis genes URA1 and URA3 was found to be severely affected by bas1 and bas2 mutations in the absence of adenine, establishing a regulatory link between the two nucleotide biosynthesis pathways.	Adenine	154-161	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	61-65
9822821-6	1998	Finally, the expression of two pyrimidine biosynthesis genes URA1 and URA3 was found to be severely affected by bas1 and bas2 mutations in the absence of adenine, establishing a regulatory link between the two nucleotide biosynthesis pathways.	Adenine	154-161	orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	70-74
9822821-6	1998	Finally, the expression of two pyrimidine biosynthesis genes URA1 and URA3 was found to be severely affected by bas1 and bas2 mutations in the absence of adenine, establishing a regulatory link between the two nucleotide biosynthesis pathways.	Adenine	154-161	Bas1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	112-116
9822821-6	1998	Finally, the expression of two pyrimidine biosynthesis genes URA1 and URA3 was found to be severely affected by bas1 and bas2 mutations in the absence of adenine, establishing a regulatory link between the two nucleotide biosynthesis pathways.	Adenine	154-161	Pho2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	121-125
9813015-6	1998	This identified a portion of the adenine ring binding domain of GDH isoproteins as the region containing the sequence, CIAVGXSDGSIWNPDGIDPK for both GDH isoproteins, corresponding to Cys270 through Lys289 of the amino acid sequence of well known bovine liver GDH.	Adenine	33-40	glucose dehydrogenase	Bos taurus	64-67
9813015-6	1998	This identified a portion of the adenine ring binding domain of GDH isoproteins as the region containing the sequence, CIAVGXSDGSIWNPDGIDPK for both GDH isoproteins, corresponding to Cys270 through Lys289 of the amino acid sequence of well known bovine liver GDH.	Adenine	33-40	glucose dehydrogenase	Bos taurus	149-152
9813015-6	1998	This identified a portion of the adenine ring binding domain of GDH isoproteins as the region containing the sequence, CIAVGXSDGSIWNPDGIDPK for both GDH isoproteins, corresponding to Cys270 through Lys289 of the amino acid sequence of well known bovine liver GDH.	Adenine	33-40	glucose dehydrogenase	Bos taurus	149-152
9787165-1	1998	The promoter region of the Bbeta fibrinogen gene containing the polymorphic site (G-455-A) shows an increase in fibrinogen levels for individuals containing an adenine rather than a guanine.	Adenine	160-167	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	33-43
9787165-1	1998	The promoter region of the Bbeta fibrinogen gene containing the polymorphic site (G-455-A) shows an increase in fibrinogen levels for individuals containing an adenine rather than a guanine.	Adenine	160-167	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	112-122
9774627-3	1998	We have modified an existing in situ method for detection of PARP activity by using an NAD analogue in which adenine is modified by an "etheno" (vinyl) bridge.	Adenine	109-116	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	61-65
9822821-2	1998	These data combined with LacZ fusions and northern blot analysis allow us to show that synthesis of enzymes for all 10 steps involved in purine de novo synthesis is repressed in the presence of adenine and requires BAS1 and BAS2 for optimal expression.	Adenine	194-201	Bas1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	215-219
9822821-2	1998	These data combined with LacZ fusions and northern blot analysis allow us to show that synthesis of enzymes for all 10 steps involved in purine de novo synthesis is repressed in the presence of adenine and requires BAS1 and BAS2 for optimal expression.	Adenine	194-201	Pho2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	224-228
9809423-4	1998	msrA encodes a cytoplasmic membrane protein that mediates the so-called "active Mac-efflux" (designated hereafter as msrSA") and erm encodes a methyltransferase by which a specific adenine residue of 23S rRNA is modified: methylation prevents Mac antibiotics from binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit.	Adenine	181-188	ABC transporter permease protein	Staphylococcus aureus	0-4
9828383-3	1998	The results demonstrate that MTX interaction with DNA is not specific to either guanine or adenine bases.	Adenine	91-98	metaxin 1	Homo sapiens	29-32
9722654-3	1998	The method, which measures directly the [3H]adenine released, is highly specific, extremely rapid and quantitative in a wide range of RIP concentrations.	Adenine	40-51	receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	134-137
12114713-7	1998	Sequencing of the entire sodium/iodide (Na/I) symporter (NIS) cDNA derived from thyroidal mRNA revealed a homozygous substitution of the normal cytosine in nucleotide 1163 with an adenine, resulting in a stop signal at codon 272.	Adenine	180-187	solute carrier family 5 member 5	Homo sapiens	40-55
9784406-5	1998	However, adenine is favored on both sides of the core for strong binding [AGAT(A/T)A], and the order of binding is GATA &gt; GATT &gt; GATC.	Adenine	9-16	GATA binding protein 6	Homo sapiens	115-119
9784406-5	1998	However, adenine is favored on both sides of the core for strong binding [AGAT(A/T)A], and the order of binding is GATA &gt; GATT &gt; GATC.	Adenine	9-16	glutamyl-tRNA amidotransferase subunit C	Homo sapiens	135-139
9714850-8	1998	The potency of adenine, guanine or uracil nucleotides to activate SUR2B/Kir6.1 channels was enhanced by pinacidil.	Adenine	15-22	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 8	Homo sapiens	72-78
9778415-1	1998	The effects of adenine analogues on secretion of high molecular weight, mucin-like glycoproteins (mucins) by conjunctival goblet cells were investigated using isolated rabbit and human conjunctiva.	Adenine	15-22	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	72-77
9714850-10	1998	In the presence of pinacidil, adenine and guanine, but not uracil, nucleotides exhibited bell-shaped concentration-dependent activating effects on SUR2B/Kir6.1 channels.	Adenine	30-37	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 8	Homo sapiens	153-159
9708998-1	1998	Ricin A-chain (RTA) catalyzes the depurination of a single adenine at position 4324 of 28S rRNA in a N-ribohydrolase reaction.	Adenine	59-66	MAS related GPR family member F	Homo sapiens	15-18
9746368-0	1998	Characterization of the interaction of myosin with ATP analogues having the syn conformation with respect to the adenine-ribose bond.	Adenine	113-120	myosin heavy chain 14	Homo sapiens	39-45
9746368-0	1998	Characterization of the interaction of myosin with ATP analogues having the syn conformation with respect to the adenine-ribose bond.	Adenine	113-120	synemin	Homo sapiens	76-79
9746368-1	1998	Numerous analytical experiments have shown that, in solution, ATP analogues with bulky substitutions at the eighth position of the adenine ring predominantly assume the syn conformation with respect to the adenine-ribose bond.	Adenine	131-138	synemin	Homo sapiens	169-172
9746368-1	1998	Numerous analytical experiments have shown that, in solution, ATP analogues with bulky substitutions at the eighth position of the adenine ring predominantly assume the syn conformation with respect to the adenine-ribose bond.	Adenine	206-213	synemin	Homo sapiens	169-172
9696767-8	1998	The single guanine-to-adenine transition in upc2-1 gives a predicted amino acid change from glycine to aspartic acid.	Adenine	22-29	Upc2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	44-48
9738941-4	1998	A compositional analysis revealed that 23 of the 30 peroxidase cDNAs have 5" untranslated regions containing 40-71% adenine, a rare feature observed also in cDNAs which predominantly encode stress-induced proteins, and which may indicate translational regulation.	Adenine	116-123	peroxidase	Arabidopsis thaliana	52-62
9689017-2	1998	APRT catalyzes synthesis of AMP from adenine and 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate.	Adenine	37-44	adenine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	0-4
9749667-3	1998	Analysis of three genes required for synthesis of glutamine, glycine and 10-formyl tetrahydrofolate (GLN1, SHM2 and MTD1, respectively) shows that their expression is repressed by adenine and requires the transcription factors Baslp and Bas2p.	Adenine	180-187	glycine hydroxymethyltransferase SHM2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	107-111
9749667-3	1998	Analysis of three genes required for synthesis of glutamine, glycine and 10-formyl tetrahydrofolate (GLN1, SHM2 and MTD1, respectively) shows that their expression is repressed by adenine and requires the transcription factors Baslp and Bas2p.	Adenine	180-187	methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NAD(+))	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	116-120
9749667-3	1998	Analysis of three genes required for synthesis of glutamine, glycine and 10-formyl tetrahydrofolate (GLN1, SHM2 and MTD1, respectively) shows that their expression is repressed by adenine and requires the transcription factors Baslp and Bas2p.	Adenine	180-187	Pho2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	237-242
9749667-4	1998	Northern analysis reveals that regulation of SHM2 and MTD1 expression by adenine takes place at the transcriptional level.	Adenine	73-80	glycine hydroxymethyltransferase SHM2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	45-49
9749667-4	1998	Northern analysis reveals that regulation of SHM2 and MTD1 expression by adenine takes place at the transcriptional level.	Adenine	73-80	methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NAD(+))	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	54-58
9689017-3	1998	In the absence of APRT, 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (DHA) is produced from adenine by xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and can precipitate in the renal interstitium, resulting in kidney disease.	Adenine	37-44	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	79-101
9689017-3	1998	In the absence of APRT, 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (DHA) is produced from adenine by xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and can precipitate in the renal interstitium, resulting in kidney disease.	Adenine	37-44	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	103-106
9626144-9	1998	Guanine was replaced by adenine (GAA-->AAA), resulting in a substitution of lysine for glutamic acid (glu) at amino acid position 354 of the receptor.	Adenine	24-31	alpha glucosidase	Homo sapiens	33-36
9683192-3	1998	In this paper, we show that yOgg1 can also excise an adenine lesion, 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoadenine (8-OxoA), when paired with cytosine or 5-methylcytosine.	Adenine	53-60	8-oxoguanine glycosylase OGG1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	28-33
9575240-6	1998	The insertion dam-231 : : Tn10d Tet resulted in a dam "leaky" phenotype since methylated and unmethylated adenines in GATC sequences were present.	Adenine	106-114	DNA adenine methylase	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium	14-17
9575240-6	1998	The insertion dam-231 : : Tn10d Tet resulted in a dam "leaky" phenotype since methylated and unmethylated adenines in GATC sequences were present.	Adenine	106-114	DNA adenine methylase	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium	50-53
9588495-6	1998	In the TTF-1 gene, we detected a transition (guanine to adenine) in the intron at the minus four position of cryptic 3" splice site in one allele, but absence of linkage suggested that the transition was not responsible for the TSH unresponsiveness.	Adenine	56-63	NK2 homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	7-12
9643286-5	1998	Mutation detection methods identified an adenine to guanine substitution in the CC16 gene at position 38 (A38G) downstream from the transcription initiation site within the non-coding region of exon 1.	Adenine	41-48	secretoglobin family 1A member 1	Homo sapiens	80-84
9628437-6	1998	A homozygous single base pair deletion was identified in seven repeats of adenine at positions 1932 to 1938 in the GPIbalpha gene.	Adenine	74-81	glycoprotein Ib platelet subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	115-124
9571187-4	1998	We identified a single adenine insertion at nucleotide position 169 (A169i) in the CLN1 gene in a family in which the proband suffered from an INCL-like syndrome.	Adenine	23-30	palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1	Homo sapiens	83-87
9571187-4	1998	We identified a single adenine insertion at nucleotide position 169 (A169i) in the CLN1 gene in a family in which the proband suffered from an INCL-like syndrome.	Adenine	23-30	palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1	Homo sapiens	143-147
12515198-2	1998	EPO gene was inserted to an EBV replicon expression vector to form the plasmid pEPO, Renal anemia rat had been induced by feeding with adenine, and 450 micrograms of the pEPO was delivered by perfusion into the rat peripheral circulation in the form of soluble DNA/galactosylate histone complex.	Adenine	135-142	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
9571169-0	1998	Dissection of the roles of adenine ring nitrogen (N-1) and exocyclic amino (N-6) moieties in the interaction of 2-5A with RNase L.	Adenine	27-34	ribonuclease L	Homo sapiens	122-129
9546669-10	1998	However, the efficiency of the incorporation was much higher for skeletal than for smooth muscle myosin suggesting that the conformations of the adenine-binding pockets of the two myosins are somewhat different.	Adenine	145-152	myosin heavy chain 14	Homo sapiens	97-103
9545197-4	1998	Furthermore, S. cerevisiae has been reported to contain a unique glycosylase/lyase activity, yOgg2, which excises OG residues opposite adenines.	Adenine	135-143	bifunctional N-glycosylase/AP lyase NTG1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	93-98
9495239-6	1998	The conversion of 2"-deoxyadenosine to adenine might represent a protective device, emerging when the activity of adenosine deaminase is reduced or inhibited.	Adenine	39-46	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	114-133
9606939-4	1998	But at lower r, the thermal characteristics of modified DNA (melting temperature Tm, melting range width delta T) and the guanine-to-adenine platination degree ratios GPt/APt imply that the nature of leaving ligands X affect the selectivity of DNA platination.	Adenine	133-140	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Bos taurus	167-170
9589850-2	1998	Strains bearing the ade2 mutation are able to grow on a glucose-containing synthetic medium with the addition of adenine or hypoxanthine, which under the action of the cellular phosphoribosyltransferases are converted into adenosine monophosphate and inosine monophosphate, respectively.	Adenine	113-120	phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase ADE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	20-24
9514254-5	1998	The adenine bases of both the structures are in syn conformation contrasting with the anti geometry in 3"-AMP, 5"-AMP and the enzyme bound state.	Adenine	4-11	synemin	Homo sapiens	48-51
9554754-5	1998	We found both siblings to be hemizygous for a new adenine to thymine transversion at the second nucleotide of codon 695 within the fourth exon of the human androgen receptor gene.	Adenine	50-57	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	156-173
9520269-1	1998	Four mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana that are deficient in adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT) activity have been isolated by selecting for germination of seeds and growth of the plantlets on a medium containing 2,6-diaminopurine (DAP), a toxic analog of adenine.	Adenine	59-66	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Arabidopsis thaliana	95-99
9468363-13	1998	CONCLUSIONS: A variety of mutations within the primary C"-ADE domain inhibit binding of enhancing human MAb as well as blocking the association of gp120 and gp41.	Adenine	58-61	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	147-152
9425080-1	1998	N-Methylpurine-DNA glycosylase (MPG), a ubiquitous DNA repair enzyme, is responsible for the removal of a wide variety of alkylated base lesions in DNA, e.g., N-alkylpurines and cyclic ethenoadducts of adenine, guanine, and cytosine.	Adenine	202-209	N-methylpurine-DNA glycosylase	Mus musculus	0-30
9425080-1	1998	N-Methylpurine-DNA glycosylase (MPG), a ubiquitous DNA repair enzyme, is responsible for the removal of a wide variety of alkylated base lesions in DNA, e.g., N-alkylpurines and cyclic ethenoadducts of adenine, guanine, and cytosine.	Adenine	202-209	N-methylpurine-DNA glycosylase	Mus musculus	32-35
9701517-3	1998	Sequence analysis of this fragment documented an additional adenine in position -452, located 32 nucleotides upstream from the response element HK-1, a target for transcription factor LEF-1, involved in the differentiation of tissues of ectodermal and mesodermal origin.	Adenine	60-67	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	144-148
9701517-3	1998	Sequence analysis of this fragment documented an additional adenine in position -452, located 32 nucleotides upstream from the response element HK-1, a target for transcription factor LEF-1, involved in the differentiation of tissues of ectodermal and mesodermal origin.	Adenine	60-67	lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1	Homo sapiens	184-189
9474762-1	1998	The adenine analog erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine, EHNA, a tight reversible inhibitor (KI = 1.6 x 10(-9) M) of adenosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4) (ADase), was modified into the fluorescent etheno derivative epsilon-EHNA.	Adenine	4-11	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	117-136
9595645-2	1998	We studied the influence of supernatants from stored whole blood and buffy-coat-depleted SAGM (saline, adenine, glucose and mannitol) blood in stimulating TNF-alpha and IL-2 release in an ex vivo assay.	Adenine	103-110	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	155-164
10200053-7	1998	A single nucleotide substitution of guanine to adenine, in codon 1612, changed the coding sense of the SCN5A from arginine to glutamine (R1623Q) in the S4 segment of domain IV which is a highly conserved region of the SCN5A.	Adenine	47-54	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5	Homo sapiens	218-223
10200053-7	1998	A single nucleotide substitution of guanine to adenine, in codon 1612, changed the coding sense of the SCN5A from arginine to glutamine (R1623Q) in the S4 segment of domain IV which is a highly conserved region of the SCN5A.	Adenine	47-54	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5	Homo sapiens	103-108
9438017-15	1998	By contrast, 1H NMR and IR spectra of bromo ester 21 are indicative of syn-conformation of adenine.	Adenine	91-98	synemin	Homo sapiens	71-74
9708359-2	1998	The amount of AP sites in MMS-treated HeLa cells transiently increased at 3 h, then gradually decreased to 40% at 24 h. The presence of adenine, an inhibitor of AP endonucleases, in the repair incubation of MMS-treated cells induced moderate accumulation of AP sites, suggesting inhibition of the activities of MPG as well as AP endonucleases by adenine metabolites.	Adenine	136-143	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	311-314
9595645-2	1998	We studied the influence of supernatants from stored whole blood and buffy-coat-depleted SAGM (saline, adenine, glucose and mannitol) blood in stimulating TNF-alpha and IL-2 release in an ex vivo assay.	Adenine	103-110	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	169-173
9392697-6	1997	RESULTS: A novel interleukin-4 receptor alpha allele was identified in which guanine was substituted for adenine at nucleotide 1902, causing a change from glutamine to arginine at position 576 (R576) in the cytoplasmic domain of the interleukin-4 receptor alpha protein.	Adenine	105-112	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	17-30
9392697-6	1997	RESULTS: A novel interleukin-4 receptor alpha allele was identified in which guanine was substituted for adenine at nucleotide 1902, causing a change from glutamine to arginine at position 576 (R576) in the cytoplasmic domain of the interleukin-4 receptor alpha protein.	Adenine	105-112	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	233-246
9403548-2	1997	Recent studies have suggested that AGCE 1 (human AGT gene core promoter element 1) located in the 5" upstream core promoter region (position -25 to -1) of the human AGT gene has an important part in the expression of AGT mRNA by binding with transcription factor AGCF 1 (human AGT gene core promoter element binding factor 1), and a mutation at -20 from adenine to cytosine (A-20C) increases the level of expression of this transcript.	Adenine	354-361	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	49-52
9403548-2	1997	Recent studies have suggested that AGCE 1 (human AGT gene core promoter element 1) located in the 5" upstream core promoter region (position -25 to -1) of the human AGT gene has an important part in the expression of AGT mRNA by binding with transcription factor AGCF 1 (human AGT gene core promoter element binding factor 1), and a mutation at -20 from adenine to cytosine (A-20C) increases the level of expression of this transcript.	Adenine	354-361	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	165-168
9403548-2	1997	Recent studies have suggested that AGCE 1 (human AGT gene core promoter element 1) located in the 5" upstream core promoter region (position -25 to -1) of the human AGT gene has an important part in the expression of AGT mRNA by binding with transcription factor AGCF 1 (human AGT gene core promoter element binding factor 1), and a mutation at -20 from adenine to cytosine (A-20C) increases the level of expression of this transcript.	Adenine	354-361	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	165-168
9403548-2	1997	Recent studies have suggested that AGCE 1 (human AGT gene core promoter element 1) located in the 5" upstream core promoter region (position -25 to -1) of the human AGT gene has an important part in the expression of AGT mRNA by binding with transcription factor AGCF 1 (human AGT gene core promoter element binding factor 1), and a mutation at -20 from adenine to cytosine (A-20C) increases the level of expression of this transcript.	Adenine	354-361	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	165-168
9436076-0	1997	[A case of mitochondrial cardiomyopathy with heart failure, sick sinus syndrome and diabetes mellitus: mitochondrial DNA adenine-to-guanine transition at 3243 of mitochondrial tRNA(LEU)(UUR) gene].	Adenine	121-128	mitochondrially encoded tRNA glycine	Homo sapiens	176-190
9436076-12	1997	Mitochondrial DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction enzyme Apa I digestion revealed adenine-to-guanine transition at 3243 of the mitochondrial tRNA(LEU)(UUR) gene.	Adenine	117-124	mitochondrially encoded tRNA glycine	Homo sapiens	176-190
9388506-3	1997	Sequencing of the entire Na+/I- symporter (NIS) cDNA derived from thyroidal mRNA revealed a homozygous substitution of the normal cytosine in nucleotide (nt) 1163 with an adenine, resulting in a stop (TGA) at codon 272.	Adenine	171-178	solute carrier family 5 member 5	Homo sapiens	25-41
9555645-7	1997	DNA analysis showed a guanine to adenine transition at nucleotide 1,691 in patients and their relatives with poor response to activated protein C detected by APTT tests.	Adenine	33-40	APC regulator of WNT signaling pathway	Homo sapiens	126-145
9459636-1	1997	Analysis of the thyroid hormone receptor beta (TRbeta) gene of a Thai female with the syndrome of resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) revealed a missense mutation at codon 317, changing the guanine in nucleotide 1234 to an adenine that results in the replacement of the normal alanine (GCT) with a threonine (ACT).	Adenine	223-230	thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens	16-45
9459636-1	1997	Analysis of the thyroid hormone receptor beta (TRbeta) gene of a Thai female with the syndrome of resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) revealed a missense mutation at codon 317, changing the guanine in nucleotide 1234 to an adenine that results in the replacement of the normal alanine (GCT) with a threonine (ACT).	Adenine	223-230	T cell receptor beta locus	Homo sapiens	47-53
9397172-8	1997	These results are broadly consistent with a proposed model for the binding of these compounds to EGFR, in which the 6- and 7-positions of the pyridopyrimidine ring are in a largely hydrophobic binding region of considerable steric freedom, at the entrance of the adenine binding cleft.	Adenine	263-270	epidermal growth factor receptor	Mus musculus	97-101
9351982-1	1997	5"-Deoxy-5"-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) is involved in the salvage of adenine and methylthio moieties of 5"-deoxy-5"-methylthioadenosine, a byproduct of polyamine synthesis, to adenine nucleotides and methionine, respectively.	Adenine	83-90	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	0-45
9374868-9	1997	There are also significant differences in the conformation of the adenine-ribose moiety of NADPH in both complexes that differ from that observed for other inhibitor-NADPH-hDHFR ternary complexes.	Adenine	66-73	dihydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	172-177
9367071-6	1997	The most common p53 mutations in these tumors were guanine to adenine (G--&gt;A) transitions (10 of 20 tumors; 50%).	Adenine	62-69	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	16-19
9351982-1	1997	5"-Deoxy-5"-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) is involved in the salvage of adenine and methylthio moieties of 5"-deoxy-5"-methylthioadenosine, a byproduct of polyamine synthesis, to adenine nucleotides and methionine, respectively.	Adenine	83-90	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	47-51
9351982-5	1997	It was found that transfection with MTAP cDNA (i) restored both the MTAP-dependent adenine and methionine salvage pathways, (ii) decreased the rates of purine de novo synthesis (18-47% lower than the wild-type or sham-transfected counterparts), and (iii) decreased cellular sensitivity to the antipurine-related growth-inhibitory actions of methotrexate and azaserine.	Adenine	83-90	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	36-40
9351982-5	1997	It was found that transfection with MTAP cDNA (i) restored both the MTAP-dependent adenine and methionine salvage pathways, (ii) decreased the rates of purine de novo synthesis (18-47% lower than the wild-type or sham-transfected counterparts), and (iii) decreased cellular sensitivity to the antipurine-related growth-inhibitory actions of methotrexate and azaserine.	Adenine	83-90	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	68-72
9351982-6	1997	These data support the hypothesis that operation of the MTAP-dependent adenine salvage pathway renders MTAP+ cells less dependent on de novo purine synthesis and hence less susceptible than MTAP- malignant cells to the growth-inhibitory actions of agents (e.g. antifolates) whose mechanism of action in part involves the de novo purine pathway.	Adenine	71-78	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	56-60
9351982-6	1997	These data support the hypothesis that operation of the MTAP-dependent adenine salvage pathway renders MTAP+ cells less dependent on de novo purine synthesis and hence less susceptible than MTAP- malignant cells to the growth-inhibitory actions of agents (e.g. antifolates) whose mechanism of action in part involves the de novo purine pathway.	Adenine	71-78	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	103-107
9351982-6	1997	These data support the hypothesis that operation of the MTAP-dependent adenine salvage pathway renders MTAP+ cells less dependent on de novo purine synthesis and hence less susceptible than MTAP- malignant cells to the growth-inhibitory actions of agents (e.g. antifolates) whose mechanism of action in part involves the de novo purine pathway.	Adenine	71-78	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	103-107
9211842-2	1997	The reaction trajectory of IDH was modified (i) after the adenine moiety of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate was changed to hypoxanthine (the 6-amino was changed to 6-hydroxyl), and (ii) by replacing Mg2+, which has six coordinating ligands, with Ca2+, which has eight coordinating ligands.	Adenine	58-65	isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1	Homo sapiens	27-30
9333033-1	1997	5"-Deoxy-5"-(methylthio)adenosine (MTA), a key by-product of polyamine biosynthesis, is cleaved by MTA phosphorylase and is salvaged as adenine and, through conversion of the ribose moiety, methionine.	Adenine	136-143	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Mus musculus	99-116
9445799-6	1997	In studies on twelve red adenine-dependent mutants, the expression of Roman"s effect was shown to vary in different cultures, dependent on the original mutant ade1 and ade2 alleles.	Adenine	25-32	phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	159-163
9445799-6	1997	In studies on twelve red adenine-dependent mutants, the expression of Roman"s effect was shown to vary in different cultures, dependent on the original mutant ade1 and ade2 alleles.	Adenine	25-32	phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase ADE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	168-172
9349582-2	1997	We found a novel point mutation of the TRbeta gene in a family (F123) with RTH, a transition of a guanine to adenine at nucleotide 1215, which replaced the normal Met-310 with Ile.	Adenine	109-116	T cell receptor beta locus	Homo sapiens	39-45
9396032-9	1997	In the HPRT gene from the patient, a guanine to adenine substitution at base position 209 in exon 3 was identified, which resulted in a single amino acid substitution of glycine with glutamic acid at codon 70.	Adenine	48-55	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	7-11
9329347-7	1997	In all FDH-affected Caucasian subjects from 10 unrelated families with a moderate increase in serum T4, the guanine to adenine transition was demonstrated at the same position of the albumin gene as noted in our patients, but histidine, the replacement amino acid, differed from proline noted in our FDH Japanese subjects.	Adenine	119-126	albumin	Homo sapiens	183-190
9349705-1	1997	The HIS7 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a bifunctional glutamine amidotransferase: cyclase that catalyzes the formation of biosynthetic precursors for histidine and adenine.	Adenine	175-182	imidazoleglycerol-phosphate synthase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	4-8
9349705-2	1997	HIS7 is activated by Gcn4p upon amino acid starvation and by the Bas1/2p complex in response to adenine limitation.	Adenine	96-103	imidazoleglycerol-phosphate synthase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-4
9242684-6	1997	Using reciprocal mutation analyses of these two elements, we show the preference for adenine as the spacing nucleotide between the two half-sites of the PPRE and demonstrate the importance of the two first bases flanking the core DR1 in 5".	Adenine	85-92	down-regulator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	230-233
9270614-2	1997	A guanine-to-adenine polymorphism at position -308 of the TNF alpha promoter region (the TNF2 allele) is associated with increased TNF alpha expression.	Adenine	13-20	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	58-67
9270614-2	1997	A guanine-to-adenine polymorphism at position -308 of the TNF alpha promoter region (the TNF2 allele) is associated with increased TNF alpha expression.	Adenine	13-20	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	131-140
9292947-0	1997	Identification of a new thyroglobulin variant: a guanine-to-adenine transition resulting in the substitution of arginine 2510 by glutamine.	Adenine	60-67	thyroglobulin	Homo sapiens	24-37
9211916-9	1997	CobT phosphoribosylated alternative base substrates including benzimidazole, 4,5-dimethyl-1,2-phenylenediamine, imidazole, histidine, adenine, and guanine in vitro.	Adenine	134-141	nicotinate-nucleotide--dimethylbenzimidazole phosphoribosyltransferase	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. LT2	0-4
9217261-7	1997	The two calcium ions of SAP are bridged by the dAMP phosphate group and five hydrogen bonds are formed between the protein and the ligand, including specific interactions made by the adenine base.	Adenine	183-190	amyloid P component, serum	Homo sapiens	24-27
9230273-11	1997	These results demonstrate that a mismatch containing an incorrect adenine on either strand at the H-ras codon 12 middle base pair location is most likely to undergo a mutational event in NIH 3T3 cells.	Adenine	66-73	Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene	Mus musculus	98-103
12223762-1	1997	Pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP), a 29-kD protein isolated from Phytolacca americana, inhibits translation by catalytically removing a specific adenine residue from the large rRNA of the 60S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes.	Adenine	144-151	light-induced protein, chloroplastic-like	Nicotiana tabacum	28-31
9212728-1	1997	Frame-shift mutations in a run of 10 adenines (A10) of the transforming growth factor-beta receptor type 2 gene (TGF-beta RII) are commonly seen in inherited and sporadic colonic cancers that exhibit microsatellite instability.	Adenine	37-45	immunoglobulin kappa variable 6D-21 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	47-50
9212728-1	1997	Frame-shift mutations in a run of 10 adenines (A10) of the transforming growth factor-beta receptor type 2 gene (TGF-beta RII) are commonly seen in inherited and sporadic colonic cancers that exhibit microsatellite instability.	Adenine	37-45	transforming growth factor beta receptor 2	Homo sapiens	113-125
9209041-2	1997	During both lytic and lysogenic development, Mx8 expresses a nonessential DNA methylase, Mox, which modifies adenine residues in occurrences of XhoI and PstI recognition sites, CTCGAG and CTGCAG, respectively, on both phage DNA and the host chromosome.	Adenine	109-116	DNA adenine methylase Mox	Myxococcus phage Mx8	89-92
9182708-7	1997	The covalent reaction of wortmannin with PI3Kgamma was prevented by preincubation with phosphoinositides, ATP and its analogues adenine and 5"-(4-fluorosulphonylbenzoyl)adenine.	Adenine	128-135	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma	Homo sapiens	41-50
9218718-1	1997	Transposase encoded by insertion sequence IS1 is produced from two out-of-phase reading frames by translational frameshifting that occurs in a run of adenines.	Adenine	150-158	IS1	Homo sapiens	42-45
9218718-2	1997	An IS1 mutant with a single adenine insertion in the run of adenines efficiently produces transposase, resulting in generation of miniplasmids by deletion for a region adjacent to IS1 from a plasmid carrying the IS1 mutant.	Adenine	28-35	IS1	Homo sapiens	3-6
9218718-2	1997	An IS1 mutant with a single adenine insertion in the run of adenines efficiently produces transposase, resulting in generation of miniplasmids by deletion for a region adjacent to IS1 from a plasmid carrying the IS1 mutant.	Adenine	28-35	IS1	Homo sapiens	180-183
9218718-2	1997	An IS1 mutant with a single adenine insertion in the run of adenines efficiently produces transposase, resulting in generation of miniplasmids by deletion for a region adjacent to IS1 from a plasmid carrying the IS1 mutant.	Adenine	28-35	IS1	Homo sapiens	180-183
9218718-2	1997	An IS1 mutant with a single adenine insertion in the run of adenines efficiently produces transposase, resulting in generation of miniplasmids by deletion for a region adjacent to IS1 from a plasmid carrying the IS1 mutant.	Adenine	60-68	IS1	Homo sapiens	3-6
9218718-2	1997	An IS1 mutant with a single adenine insertion in the run of adenines efficiently produces transposase, resulting in generation of miniplasmids by deletion for a region adjacent to IS1 from a plasmid carrying the IS1 mutant.	Adenine	60-68	IS1	Homo sapiens	180-183
9218718-2	1997	An IS1 mutant with a single adenine insertion in the run of adenines efficiently produces transposase, resulting in generation of miniplasmids by deletion for a region adjacent to IS1 from a plasmid carrying the IS1 mutant.	Adenine	60-68	IS1	Homo sapiens	180-183
9214609-6	1997	The reaction of 3,4-EQ with the COIII gene followed by polymerase arrest assay showed several stop sites in which guanine was preferentially attacked by 3,4-EQ and, to a lesser extent, with Ade, Cyt and Thy.	Adenine	190-193	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III	Homo sapiens	32-37
9017391-1	1997	Mutants in the adenine biosynthetic pathway of yeasts (ade1 and ade2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ade6 and ade7 of Schizosaccharomyces pombe) accumulate an intense red pigment in their vacuoles when grown under adenine-limiting conditions.	Adenine	15-22	phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	55-59
9154942-6	1997	Thus, the six-membered and five-membered rings of both adenines are reversed with respect to the others but nonetheless engage in extensive interactions with the residues that form the B2 purine binding site of RNase A.	Adenine	55-63	ribonuclease pancreatic	Bos taurus	211-218
9154111-8	1997	These results indicate that modifications at the 5-position of the pyrrolo[2,3-D]pyrimidine ring and a structure similar to adenine rather than guanine are essential for NPM-translocation.	Adenine	124-131	nucleophosmin 1	Homo sapiens	170-173
9056181-1	1997	A modified quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) procedure was developed for measuring mRNA concentration, in rodent cells, of the N-methylpurine-DNA glycosylase (MPG), a ubiquitous DNA repair protein responsible for the removal of N-alkylpurines and ethenoadducts of adenine, guanine, and cytosine from DNA.	Adenine	301-308	N-methylpurine-DNA glycosylase	Mus musculus	164-194
9056181-1	1997	A modified quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) procedure was developed for measuring mRNA concentration, in rodent cells, of the N-methylpurine-DNA glycosylase (MPG), a ubiquitous DNA repair protein responsible for the removal of N-alkylpurines and ethenoadducts of adenine, guanine, and cytosine from DNA.	Adenine	301-308	N-methylpurine-DNA glycosylase	Mus musculus	196-199
9065765-7	1997	The close positioning of Lys893 near the adenine ring of NAD+ has been confirmed by the recently solved crystallographic structure of the chicken PARP catalytic domain [Ruf, Menissier-de Murcia, de Murcia and Schulz (1996) Proc.	Adenine	41-48	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	146-150
9049435-4	1997	Formation of these adducts demonstrates that the DBC radical cation reacts at C-5 or C-6 with the reactive nucleophiles N-7 and C-8 of dG and N-7, N-3, and N-1 of Ade.	Adenine	163-166	complement C5	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
9049435-4	1997	Formation of these adducts demonstrates that the DBC radical cation reacts at C-5 or C-6 with the reactive nucleophiles N-7 and C-8 of dG and N-7, N-3, and N-1 of Ade.	Adenine	163-166	complement C6	Rattus norvegicus	85-88
9030780-8	1997	The purine portion of the inhibitor binds to the adenine binding pocket of cdk2.	Adenine	49-56	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	75-79
9154826-0	1997	Evidence that complex formation by Bas1p and Bas2p (Pho2p) unmasks the activation function of Bas1p in an adenine-repressible step of ADE gene transcription.	Adenine	106-113	Bas1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	35-40
9154826-0	1997	Evidence that complex formation by Bas1p and Bas2p (Pho2p) unmasks the activation function of Bas1p in an adenine-repressible step of ADE gene transcription.	Adenine	106-113	Pho2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	45-50
9154826-0	1997	Evidence that complex formation by Bas1p and Bas2p (Pho2p) unmasks the activation function of Bas1p in an adenine-repressible step of ADE gene transcription.	Adenine	106-113	Pho2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	52-57
9154826-0	1997	Evidence that complex formation by Bas1p and Bas2p (Pho2p) unmasks the activation function of Bas1p in an adenine-repressible step of ADE gene transcription.	Adenine	106-113	Bas1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	94-99
9154826-1	1997	Bas1p and Bas2p (Pho2p) are Myb-related and homeodomain DNA binding proteins, respectively, required for transcription of adenine biosynthetic genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.	Adenine	122-129	Bas1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-5
9154826-1	1997	Bas1p and Bas2p (Pho2p) are Myb-related and homeodomain DNA binding proteins, respectively, required for transcription of adenine biosynthetic genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.	Adenine	122-129	Pho2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	10-15
9154826-1	1997	Bas1p and Bas2p (Pho2p) are Myb-related and homeodomain DNA binding proteins, respectively, required for transcription of adenine biosynthetic genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.	Adenine	122-129	Pho2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	17-22
9154826-3	1997	A LexA-Bas2p fusion protein was found to activate transcription from a lexAop-lacZ reporter independently of both BAS1 function and the adenine levels in the medium.	Adenine	136-143	Pho2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	7-12
9154826-4	1997	In contrast, a LexA-Bas1p fusion activated the lexAop reporter in a BAS2-dependent and adenine-regulated fashion.	Adenine	87-94	Bas1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	20-25
9154826-6	1997	The activation functions of both authentic Bas1p and LexA-Bas1p were stimulated under adenine-repressing conditions by overexpression of Bas2p, suggesting that complex formation by these proteins is inhibited in adenine-replete cells.	Adenine	86-93	Bas1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	43-48
9154826-6	1997	The activation functions of both authentic Bas1p and LexA-Bas1p were stimulated under adenine-repressing conditions by overexpression of Bas2p, suggesting that complex formation by these proteins is inhibited in adenine-replete cells.	Adenine	86-93	Bas1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	58-63
9154826-6	1997	The activation functions of both authentic Bas1p and LexA-Bas1p were stimulated under adenine-repressing conditions by overexpression of Bas2p, suggesting that complex formation by these proteins is inhibited in adenine-replete cells.	Adenine	86-93	Pho2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	137-142
9154826-6	1997	The activation functions of both authentic Bas1p and LexA-Bas1p were stimulated under adenine-repressing conditions by overexpression of Bas2p, suggesting that complex formation by these proteins is inhibited in adenine-replete cells.	Adenine	212-219	Bas1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	43-48
9154826-6	1997	The activation functions of both authentic Bas1p and LexA-Bas1p were stimulated under adenine-repressing conditions by overexpression of Bas2p, suggesting that complex formation by these proteins is inhibited in adenine-replete cells.	Adenine	212-219	Bas1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	58-63
9154826-6	1997	The activation functions of both authentic Bas1p and LexA-Bas1p were stimulated under adenine-repressing conditions by overexpression of Bas2p, suggesting that complex formation by these proteins is inhibited in adenine-replete cells.	Adenine	212-219	Pho2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	137-142
9154826-7	1997	Replacement of Asp-617 with Asn in Bas1p or LexA-Bas1p allowed either protein to activate transcription under repressing conditions in a manner fully dependent on Bas2p, suggesting that this mutation reduces the negative effect of adenine on complex formation by Bas1p and Bas2p.	Adenine	231-238	Bas1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	35-40
9154826-7	1997	Replacement of Asp-617 with Asn in Bas1p or LexA-Bas1p allowed either protein to activate transcription under repressing conditions in a manner fully dependent on Bas2p, suggesting that this mutation reduces the negative effect of adenine on complex formation by Bas1p and Bas2p.	Adenine	231-238	Bas1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	49-54
9154826-7	1997	Replacement of Asp-617 with Asn in Bas1p or LexA-Bas1p allowed either protein to activate transcription under repressing conditions in a manner fully dependent on Bas2p, suggesting that this mutation reduces the negative effect of adenine on complex formation by Bas1p and Bas2p.	Adenine	231-238	Bas1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	49-54
9154826-8	1997	Deletions of N-terminal and C-terminal segments from the Bas1p moiety of LexA-Bas1p allowed high-level activation by the truncated proteins independently of Bas2p and adenine levels in the medium.	Adenine	167-174	Bas1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	57-62
9154826-8	1997	Deletions of N-terminal and C-terminal segments from the Bas1p moiety of LexA-Bas1p allowed high-level activation by the truncated proteins independently of Bas2p and adenine levels in the medium.	Adenine	167-174	Bas1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	78-83
9154826-9	1997	From these results we propose that complex formation between Bas1p and Bas2p unmasks a latent activation function in Bas1p as a critical adenine-regulated step in transcription of the ADE genes.	Adenine	137-144	Bas1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	61-66
9154826-9	1997	From these results we propose that complex formation between Bas1p and Bas2p unmasks a latent activation function in Bas1p as a critical adenine-regulated step in transcription of the ADE genes.	Adenine	137-144	Pho2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	71-76
9154826-9	1997	From these results we propose that complex formation between Bas1p and Bas2p unmasks a latent activation function in Bas1p as a critical adenine-regulated step in transcription of the ADE genes.	Adenine	137-144	Bas1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	117-122
9154826-9	1997	From these results we propose that complex formation between Bas1p and Bas2p unmasks a latent activation function in Bas1p as a critical adenine-regulated step in transcription of the ADE genes.	Adenine	184-187	Bas1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	61-66
9154826-9	1997	From these results we propose that complex formation between Bas1p and Bas2p unmasks a latent activation function in Bas1p as a critical adenine-regulated step in transcription of the ADE genes.	Adenine	184-187	Pho2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	71-76
9154826-9	1997	From these results we propose that complex formation between Bas1p and Bas2p unmasks a latent activation function in Bas1p as a critical adenine-regulated step in transcription of the ADE genes.	Adenine	184-187	Bas1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	117-122
9162040-3	1997	The altered reading-frame allele was restored, with approximately 10% efficiency, by the transcriptional insertion of an extra adenine into the stretch of eight consecutive adenines, thereby accounting for the synthesis of the full-length apoB100.	Adenine	127-134	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	239-246
9162040-3	1997	The altered reading-frame allele was restored, with approximately 10% efficiency, by the transcriptional insertion of an extra adenine into the stretch of eight consecutive adenines, thereby accounting for the synthesis of the full-length apoB100.	Adenine	173-181	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	239-246
9148957-0	1997	The transcriptional activators BAS1, BAS2, and ABF1 bind positive regulatory sites as the critical elements for adenine regulation of ADE5,7.	Adenine	112-119	Bas1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	31-35
9148957-0	1997	The transcriptional activators BAS1, BAS2, and ABF1 bind positive regulatory sites as the critical elements for adenine regulation of ADE5,7.	Adenine	112-119	Pho2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	37-41
9148957-0	1997	The transcriptional activators BAS1, BAS2, and ABF1 bind positive regulatory sites as the critical elements for adenine regulation of ADE5,7.	Adenine	112-119	DNA-binding protein ABF1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	47-51
9148957-1	1997	Adenine repression of the purine nucleotide biosynthetic genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae involves down-regulation of the activator protein BAS1 or BAS2 by an unknown mechanism.	Adenine	0-7	Bas1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	141-145
9148957-1	1997	Adenine repression of the purine nucleotide biosynthetic genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae involves down-regulation of the activator protein BAS1 or BAS2 by an unknown mechanism.	Adenine	0-7	Pho2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	149-153
9148957-3	1997	A 139-nucleotide fragment containing two BAS1 binding sites was sufficient to confer adenine regulation on the CYC1-lacZ reporter.	Adenine	85-92	Bas1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	41-45
9148957-3	1997	A 139-nucleotide fragment containing two BAS1 binding sites was sufficient to confer adenine regulation on the CYC1-lacZ reporter.	Adenine	85-92	cytochrome c isoform 1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	111-115
9157951-1	1997	Apolipoprotein (apo) B-67 is a truncated form of apoB-100 due to deletion of an adenine at cDNA 9327.	Adenine	80-87	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	49-57
9086280-4	1997	In this study computer-assisted searches indicated that pterins might bind in the RTA active site which normally recognizes a specific adenine base on rRNA.	Adenine	135-142	MAS related GPR family member F	Homo sapiens	82-85
9067554-9	1997	The minor product TA1 was a tamoxifen-deoxyadenosine adduct, where linkage was through the amino group of adenine: (E)-4-[4-[2-(dimethylamino) ethoxy]phenyl]-3,4-diphenyl-2-(9beta-deoxyribofuranosylpurin -6-ylamino)-3-butene.	Adenine	106-113	solute carrier family 7 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	18-21
9815702-1	1997	Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) is important for the salvage of adenine and methionine.	Adenine	73-80	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	0-33
9815702-1	1997	Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) is important for the salvage of adenine and methionine.	Adenine	73-80	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	35-39
9033644-7	1997	Only one case showed a mutation of the APC gene, involving an insertional mutation of an adenine at codons 1554-1556 with formation of a stop codon immediately downstream.	Adenine	89-96	APC regulator of WNT signaling pathway	Homo sapiens	39-42
9156321-10	1997	The misbehavior caused by these two mutations indicates that in the AR the splice-donor site +3 adenine is critical; indeed, 57% of eukaryotic introns have adenine in the +3 position, while only 2% have thymine.	Adenine	96-103	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	68-70
9156321-10	1997	The misbehavior caused by these two mutations indicates that in the AR the splice-donor site +3 adenine is critical; indeed, 57% of eukaryotic introns have adenine in the +3 position, while only 2% have thymine.	Adenine	156-163	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	68-70
9017391-1	1997	Mutants in the adenine biosynthetic pathway of yeasts (ade1 and ade2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ade6 and ade7 of Schizosaccharomyces pombe) accumulate an intense red pigment in their vacuoles when grown under adenine-limiting conditions.	Adenine	15-22	phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase ADE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	64-68
9017391-1	1997	Mutants in the adenine biosynthetic pathway of yeasts (ade1 and ade2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ade6 and ade7 of Schizosaccharomyces pombe) accumulate an intense red pigment in their vacuoles when grown under adenine-limiting conditions.	Adenine	15-22	phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	98-102
9017391-1	1997	Mutants in the adenine biosynthetic pathway of yeasts (ade1 and ade2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ade6 and ade7 of Schizosaccharomyces pombe) accumulate an intense red pigment in their vacuoles when grown under adenine-limiting conditions.	Adenine	211-218	phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	55-59
9017391-1	1997	Mutants in the adenine biosynthetic pathway of yeasts (ade1 and ade2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ade6 and ade7 of Schizosaccharomyces pombe) accumulate an intense red pigment in their vacuoles when grown under adenine-limiting conditions.	Adenine	211-218	phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase ADE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	64-68
9017391-1	1997	Mutants in the adenine biosynthetic pathway of yeasts (ade1 and ade2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ade6 and ade7 of Schizosaccharomyces pombe) accumulate an intense red pigment in their vacuoles when grown under adenine-limiting conditions.	Adenine	211-218	phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	98-102
9118141-5	1996	This mutation from adenine to guanine results in an amino acid change from lysine to glutamic acid at residue 655 of the L1CAM protein, which belongs to the fibronectin type III domain.	Adenine	19-26	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	121-126
9161002-0	1997	Accumulation of Ade+ reversions in isoauxotrophic stains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae allelic in RAD6 during adenine starvation.	Adenine	16-19	E2 ubiquitin-conjugating protein RAD6	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	96-100
9161002-0	1997	Accumulation of Ade+ reversions in isoauxotrophic stains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae allelic in RAD6 during adenine starvation.	Adenine	108-115	E2 ubiquitin-conjugating protein RAD6	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	96-100
9161002-1	1997	A comparative method based on an analysis of accumulation of starvation-induced Ade+ reversions and cell death during adenine starvation was developed and exploited for estimating the role of RAD6 in the starvation-induced reversions.	Adenine	80-83	E2 ubiquitin-conjugating protein RAD6	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	192-196
9161002-1	1997	A comparative method based on an analysis of accumulation of starvation-induced Ade+ reversions and cell death during adenine starvation was developed and exploited for estimating the role of RAD6 in the starvation-induced reversions.	Adenine	118-125	E2 ubiquitin-conjugating protein RAD6	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	192-196
9161002-2	1997	It was shown that inactivation of RAD6 function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae markedly enhances the accumulation of Ade+ reversions, and therefore it is likely that this gene is taking part in maintaining the low level of starvation-induced mutations in yeast cells.	Adenine	114-118	E2 ubiquitin-conjugating protein RAD6	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	34-38
9031263-4	1997	In CRF rats developed by 5/6 nephrectomy or high adenine diet, both HGF mRNA expression levels and tissue HGF concentrations were increased in liver and spleen.	Adenine	49-56	hepatocyte growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	68-71
9218001-0	1997	A role for certain mouse Aprt sequences in resistance to toxic adenine analogs.	Adenine	63-70	adenine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	25-29
9218001-2	1997	Thirty eight cell lines retaining the aprt gene were isolated by selecting for resistance to 2,6-diaminopurine (DAP), an adenine analogue which selects against aprt activity.	Adenine	121-128	adenine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	38-42
9218001-3	1997	Of these, six cell lines distinguished by significant levels of aprt enzymatic activity after selection in DAP, were found to carry mutations in the aprt gene affecting the apparent Km of the enzyme for adenine in every cell line, and the apparent Km for phosphoribosylpyrophosphate in two of the six cell lines.	Adenine	203-210	adenine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	149-153
9218001-4	1997	The results indicate that the ability of these cells to survive in the presence of toxic adenine analogues while maintaining significant levels of aprt enzyme activity may be due to a reduced affinity for the adenine analogue, DAP.	Adenine	209-216	adenine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	147-151
9006115-1	1996	The central adenine residue (A) of codon 61 in the human N-ras proto-oncogene, 5"-CGGACAAGAAG-3", has been modified with each enantiomer of the series 1 (DE-1, syn) and series 2 (DE-2, anti) benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide through total chemical synthesis.	Adenine	12-19	NRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	57-62
8939809-1	1996	In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae the ade2, and/or the ade1, mutation in the adenine biosynthetic pathway leads to the accumulation of a cell-limited red pigment, while epistatic mutations in the same pathway, i.e. ade8, preclude this phenomenon, resulting in normal white colonies.	Adenine	81-88	phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase ADE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	42-46
8939809-1	1996	In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae the ade2, and/or the ade1, mutation in the adenine biosynthetic pathway leads to the accumulation of a cell-limited red pigment, while epistatic mutations in the same pathway, i.e. ade8, preclude this phenomenon, resulting in normal white colonies.	Adenine	81-88	phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	59-63
8951239-4	1996	This method was used to analyze the anti-DMBADE-DNA binding spectrum in the exon 2 region of the mouse H-ras gene, and it was found that anti-DMBADE binds to the two adenine residues at codon 61 of the H-ras gene with an average affinity.	Adenine	166-173	Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene	Mus musculus	103-108
8951239-4	1996	This method was used to analyze the anti-DMBADE-DNA binding spectrum in the exon 2 region of the mouse H-ras gene, and it was found that anti-DMBADE binds to the two adenine residues at codon 61 of the H-ras gene with an average affinity.	Adenine	166-173	Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene	Mus musculus	202-207
8951239-5	1996	Previously, we have demonstrated that syn-DMBADE binds strongly to the adenines at codon 61 of H-ras; these results together suggest that the oncogenic mutation in H-ras may be induced by anti- and syn-DMBADE-DNA adducts.	Adenine	71-79	joined toes	Mus musculus	38-41
8951239-5	1996	Previously, we have demonstrated that syn-DMBADE binds strongly to the adenines at codon 61 of H-ras; these results together suggest that the oncogenic mutation in H-ras may be induced by anti- and syn-DMBADE-DNA adducts.	Adenine	71-79	Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene	Mus musculus	95-100
8951239-5	1996	Previously, we have demonstrated that syn-DMBADE binds strongly to the adenines at codon 61 of H-ras; these results together suggest that the oncogenic mutation in H-ras may be induced by anti- and syn-DMBADE-DNA adducts.	Adenine	71-79	Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene	Mus musculus	164-169
8939895-0	1996	Amino acid and adenine cross-pathway regulation act through the same 5"-TGACTC-3" motif in the yeast HIS7 promoter.	Adenine	15-22	imidazoleglycerol-phosphate synthase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	101-105
8976094-1	1996	Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) is a purine metabolic enzyme that salvages adenine moiety generated via the polyamine synthetic pathway.	Adenine	84-91	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-33
8976094-1	1996	Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) is a purine metabolic enzyme that salvages adenine moiety generated via the polyamine synthetic pathway.	Adenine	84-91	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	35-39
8939895-1	1996	The HIS7 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a bifunctional glutamine amidotransferase:cyclase catalyzing two reactions that lead to the formation of biosynthetic intermediates of the amino acid histidine and the purine adenine.	Adenine	225-232	imidazoleglycerol-phosphate synthase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	4-8
8939895-3	1996	The BAS1p-BAS2p complex activates the HIS7 gene in response to adenine limitation.	Adenine	63-70	Bas1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	4-9
8939895-3	1996	The BAS1p-BAS2p complex activates the HIS7 gene in response to adenine limitation.	Adenine	63-70	Pho2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	10-15
8939895-3	1996	The BAS1p-BAS2p complex activates the HIS7 gene in response to adenine limitation.	Adenine	63-70	imidazoleglycerol-phosphate synthase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	38-42
8939895-6	1996	Under conditions of simultaneous amino acid starvation and adenine limitation the effects of GCN4p and BAS1/2p are additive and both factors are necessary for maximal HIS7 transcription.	Adenine	59-66	amino acid starvation-responsive transcription factor GCN4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	93-98
8939895-6	1996	Under conditions of simultaneous amino acid starvation and adenine limitation the effects of GCN4p and BAS1/2p are additive and both factors are necessary for maximal HIS7 transcription.	Adenine	59-66	Bas1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	103-110
8979368-1	1996	It was previously shown that during the acute-phase response-induced elevated transcription of the rat haptoglobin gene, protein p55 and the lamins mediate the increased binding of restriction fragment II (-541/-146) via a 38 bp adenine tract lying 147 bp upstream from the haptoglobin gene cis element (-165/-56), to scaffold type II-like nuclear matrices.	Adenine	229-236	haptoglobin	Rattus norvegicus	103-114
8979368-1	1996	It was previously shown that during the acute-phase response-induced elevated transcription of the rat haptoglobin gene, protein p55 and the lamins mediate the increased binding of restriction fragment II (-541/-146) via a 38 bp adenine tract lying 147 bp upstream from the haptoglobin gene cis element (-165/-56), to scaffold type II-like nuclear matrices.	Adenine	229-236	MAGUK p55 scaffold protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	129-132
8979368-1	1996	It was previously shown that during the acute-phase response-induced elevated transcription of the rat haptoglobin gene, protein p55 and the lamins mediate the increased binding of restriction fragment II (-541/-146) via a 38 bp adenine tract lying 147 bp upstream from the haptoglobin gene cis element (-165/-56), to scaffold type II-like nuclear matrices.	Adenine	229-236	haptoglobin	Rattus norvegicus	274-285
8921867-8	1996	Rare recombination events between two overlapping YACs could be identified in yeast clones able to grow in lysine- and adenine-deficient medium in the presence of 5-fluoro-orotic acid which is toxic for yeast cells containing a YAC with a functional URA3 gene.	Adenine	119-126	orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	250-254
8953636-3	1996	Two different point mutations in the G6Pase gene, a guanine to adenine substitution at base position 327 in exon 2 and a thymine to adenine substitution at base position 1101 in exon 5, change the restriction sites for the enzymes Fok I and Hinc II.	Adenine	63-70	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	37-43
8953636-3	1996	Two different point mutations in the G6Pase gene, a guanine to adenine substitution at base position 327 in exon 2 and a thymine to adenine substitution at base position 1101 in exon 5, change the restriction sites for the enzymes Fok I and Hinc II.	Adenine	132-139	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	37-43
8885829-1	1996	Photoaffinity labeling with [2"-32P]2N3NADP+ and [32P]2N3NAD+ was used to identify two overlapping tryptic and chymotryptic generated peptides within the adenine binding domain of NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH).	Adenine	154-161	isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1	Homo sapiens	224-227
18966682-0	1996	Supersonic Jet/Time-of-flight mass spectrometry of adenine using nanosecond and femtosecond lasers.	Adenine	51-58	F-box and leucine rich repeat protein 15	Homo sapiens	11-14
8874207-1	1996	Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP), an enzyme essential for the salvage of adenine and methionine, is deficient in a variety of cancers, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).	Adenine	81-88	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	35-39
9001800-9	1996	In addition, an adenine to guanine substitution was observed at base position 653 in the exon 5 of G6Pase gene in both sibling patients and their parents, as well as in 15 normal Chinese subjects and three normal Caucasian subjects.	Adenine	16-23	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	99-105
8874207-1	1996	Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP), an enzyme essential for the salvage of adenine and methionine, is deficient in a variety of cancers, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).	Adenine	81-88	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	0-33
8912669-13	1996	Studies with the NAD+ molecule radio-labelled in the nicotinamide or adenine portion revealed that both portions of the NAD+ molecule are linked to GAPDH.	Adenine	69-76	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	148-153
8900429-3	1996	Frameshift mutations of the TbetaR-II gene, all of which were 1 base deletion of 10 adenine repeats, were detected in 3 of 6 cancers, with MSI at 2 loci.	Adenine	84-91	transforming growth factor beta receptor 2	Homo sapiens	28-37
8895486-1	1996	N-Methylpurine-DNA glycosylase (MPG), a ubiquitous DNA repair protein, removes several N-alkylpurine adducts, hypoxanthine, cyclic ethenoadducts of adenine, guanine and cytosine and 8-oxoguanine from DNA.	Adenine	148-155	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	0-30
8895486-1	1996	N-Methylpurine-DNA glycosylase (MPG), a ubiquitous DNA repair protein, removes several N-alkylpurine adducts, hypoxanthine, cyclic ethenoadducts of adenine, guanine and cytosine and 8-oxoguanine from DNA.	Adenine	148-155	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	32-35
8894695-7	1996	Although the doubly-deficient mice excrete adenine and its highly insoluble derivative, 2,8-dihydroxyadenine, which are also associated with human APRT deficiency, additional abnormalities or any self-injurious behavior were not detected.	Adenine	43-50	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	147-151
8690291-5	1996	H-ras codon 12 mutations were detected in 6 of 27 cases (22%) and all of the mutations were guanine to adenine transitions.	Adenine	103-110	HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	0-5
8764401-8	1996	The addition of a methyl group to the N-6 position of adenine (meA) results in a shift to a meroduplex form, [meA] approximately n-dTn, with an intrinsic rigidity that is nearly identical to the rigidity of the corresponding duplex, dAn-dTn, despite the fact that the stoichiometric charge of the meroduplex is only one-half of that of the full duplex.	Adenine	54-61	distal antenna	Drosophila melanogaster	141-143
8764401-8	1996	The addition of a methyl group to the N-6 position of adenine (meA) results in a shift to a meroduplex form, [meA] approximately n-dTn, with an intrinsic rigidity that is nearly identical to the rigidity of the corresponding duplex, dAn-dTn, despite the fact that the stoichiometric charge of the meroduplex is only one-half of that of the full duplex.	Adenine	54-61	distal antenna	Drosophila melanogaster	233-236
8953216-20	1996	Global examination of the microdynamical parameters Sf2 and Ss2 along the nucleotide sequence showed that the adenine residues exhibit more restricted fast internal motions (Sf2 = 0.88 to 0.96) than the others, whereas the measured relaxation rates of the four nucleosides in solution were mainly of dipolar origin.	Adenine	110-117	butyrophilin like 2	Homo sapiens	60-63
8703023-7	1996	The combined action of multiple transcription factors binding to the AdE sequence brings about the final activation of the CYP11A1 gene in a tissue-specific manner.	Adenine	69-72	cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	123-130
8918984-10	1996	In exon 2 of the androgen receptor gene of a patient with receptor-positive androgen insensitivity, a cytosine-to-adenine transition, converting alanine 564 into an aspartic acid residue, resulted in defective DNA binding and transactivation.	Adenine	114-121	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	17-34
8755741-2	1996	The incisions occur mainly seven bases 5" and four bases 3" of a syn-DMBADE-modified adenine or guanine residue.	Adenine	85-92	joined toes	Mus musculus	65-68
8755741-6	1996	We have found that both guanine and adenine residues in codons 12, 13, and 61 of the H-ras gene are strong syn-DMBADE binding sites.	Adenine	36-43	Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene	Mus musculus	85-90
8755741-6	1996	We have found that both guanine and adenine residues in codons 12, 13, and 61 of the H-ras gene are strong syn-DMBADE binding sites.	Adenine	36-43	joined toes	Mus musculus	107-110
8818956-2	1996	The variant is a guanine to adenine base change at position 1019 of the ovine CFTR cDNA, corresponding to an arginine (R) to glutamine (Q) amino acid substitution at position 297 in the predicted CFTR polypeptide.	Adenine	28-35	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	78-82
8818956-2	1996	The variant is a guanine to adenine base change at position 1019 of the ovine CFTR cDNA, corresponding to an arginine (R) to glutamine (Q) amino acid substitution at position 297 in the predicted CFTR polypeptide.	Adenine	28-35	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	196-200
8817062-6	1996	However, only the amosite+TNF combination caused significant depletion of cellular high-energy nucleotide when expressed as percentage of [14C]adenine labeling in cellular high-energy nucleotides.	Adenine	143-150	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	26-29
8642955-1	1996	BACKGROUND: We aimed to find out the proportion of breast cancers in Ashkenazi Jewish women attributable to the frameshift mutation at position 185 involving the deletion of adenine and guanine (185delAG) in the breast cancer gene BRCA1.	Adenine	174-181	BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	231-236
8805553-6	1996	In solution, the SL1 RNA fragment adopts a stem-loop structure: nucleotides in the stem region form a classical A-type helix while nucleotides in the hairpin loop specify a novel conformation that includes a helix, that extends for the first three residues; a syn guanosine nucleotide at the turn region; and an extrahelical adenine that defines a pocket with nucleotides at the base of the loop.	Adenine	325-332	TATA-box binding protein associated factor, RNA polymerase I subunit A	Homo sapiens	17-20
8696367-1	1996	Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRTase) is an important enzyme for its ability to convert adenine, a byproduct of many biochemical reactions, into AMP.	Adenine	94-101	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-33
8641692-6	1996	Sequence analysis of the cDNA of ceruloplasmin from this patient revealed an insertion of adenine in exon 3; this produced a premature stop codon.	Adenine	90-97	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	33-46
8671962-3	1996	A transversion of adenine to cytosine at nucleotide position 1166 in the gene coding for the angiotensin-II type 1 receptor has been associated with hypertension in the non-diabetic population.	Adenine	18-25	angiotensin II receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	93-123
8725270-3	1996	We have recently detected a guanine to adenine polymorphism in the SCAD gene at position 625 in the SCAD cDNA, which changes glycine 209 to serine (G209S).	Adenine	39-46	acyl-CoA dehydrogenase short chain	Homo sapiens	67-71
8725270-3	1996	We have recently detected a guanine to adenine polymorphism in the SCAD gene at position 625 in the SCAD cDNA, which changes glycine 209 to serine (G209S).	Adenine	39-46	acyl-CoA dehydrogenase short chain	Homo sapiens	100-104
8696367-1	1996	Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRTase) is an important enzyme for its ability to convert adenine, a byproduct of many biochemical reactions, into AMP.	Adenine	94-101	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Arabidopsis thaliana	35-42
8643571-3	1996	Mice homozygous for a null Aprt allele excrete adenine and DHA crystals in the urine.	Adenine	47-54	adenine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	27-31
8610110-6	1996	The aromatic portion of the inhibitor binds to the adenine-binding pocket of CDK2, and the position of the phenyl group of the inhibitor enables the inhibitor to make contacts with the enzyme not observed in the ATP complex structure.	Adenine	51-58	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	77-81
8816952-0	1996	Identification of adenine binding domain peptides of the ADP regulatory site within glutamate dehydrogenase.	Adenine	18-25	glutamate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial	Bos taurus	84-107
8635698-2	1996	Previous analyses have focused attention on a hydrophobic pocket within the large lobe of hexokinase (and analogous regions in other proteins possessing the actin fold motif) as the-site for binding of the adenine moiety.	Adenine	206-213	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	90-100
8635698-3	1996	However, there is reason to believe that binding of the adenine moiety also involves a beta-sheet region located in the small lobe of hexokinase.	Adenine	56-63	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	134-144
8755037-3	1996	It was confirmed that in the case of adenine auxotrophs, an increase in the number of revertants, depending on decreasing adenine content, was caused by a change in mutation rate of the ade2 gene.	Adenine	37-44	phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase ADE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	186-190
8755037-3	1996	It was confirmed that in the case of adenine auxotrophs, an increase in the number of revertants, depending on decreasing adenine content, was caused by a change in mutation rate of the ade2 gene.	Adenine	122-129	phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase ADE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	186-190
8626825-5	1996	A point mutation on exon 2 of the 5 alpha-reductase-2 gene, in which substitution of adenine (GAC) for guanine (GGC) caused an aspartic acid replacement of glycine at amino acid 115 (G115D), was demonstrated in one of these families, and a substitution of adenine (AGT) for guanine (GGT) on exon 3 causing a serine replacement for glycine at amino acid 183 (G183S) was detected in the other family.	Adenine	85-92	gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase	Homo sapiens	112-115
8626825-5	1996	A point mutation on exon 2 of the 5 alpha-reductase-2 gene, in which substitution of adenine (GAC) for guanine (GGC) caused an aspartic acid replacement of glycine at amino acid 115 (G115D), was demonstrated in one of these families, and a substitution of adenine (AGT) for guanine (GGT) on exon 3 causing a serine replacement for glycine at amino acid 183 (G183S) was detected in the other family.	Adenine	256-263	gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase	Homo sapiens	112-115
8626825-5	1996	A point mutation on exon 2 of the 5 alpha-reductase-2 gene, in which substitution of adenine (GAC) for guanine (GGC) caused an aspartic acid replacement of glycine at amino acid 115 (G115D), was demonstrated in one of these families, and a substitution of adenine (AGT) for guanine (GGT) on exon 3 causing a serine replacement for glycine at amino acid 183 (G183S) was detected in the other family.	Adenine	256-263	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	265-268
8640765-4	1996	Because MTAP phosphorolyzes 5"-deoxy-5"-methylthioadenosine (MTA), generated as a byproduct of polyamine synthesis, to the salvageable purine base adenine, loss of this pathway in p16(-), MTAP(-) cells might sensitize these cells to methotrexate (MTX), the mechanism of action of which involves, in part, an inhibition of purine de novo synthesis.	Adenine	147-154	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	8-12
8635472-6	1996	Moreover, a protein, p14, interacts with the adenine in a base-specific fashion and may mediate early recognition of this base.	Adenine	45-52	ribonuclease P/MRP subunit p14	Homo sapiens	21-24
8640765-6	1996	This may be in part due to the MTAP-dependent salvage of adenine moieties from endogenously generated MTA, because the MTAP inhibitor 5"-chloro-5"-de- oxyformycin A potentiates the antipurine actions of MTX in some of these MTAP(+) lines.	Adenine	57-64	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	119-123
8640765-4	1996	Because MTAP phosphorolyzes 5"-deoxy-5"-methylthioadenosine (MTA), generated as a byproduct of polyamine synthesis, to the salvageable purine base adenine, loss of this pathway in p16(-), MTAP(-) cells might sensitize these cells to methotrexate (MTX), the mechanism of action of which involves, in part, an inhibition of purine de novo synthesis.	Adenine	147-154	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Homo sapiens	180-183
8640765-6	1996	This may be in part due to the MTAP-dependent salvage of adenine moieties from endogenously generated MTA, because the MTAP inhibitor 5"-chloro-5"-de- oxyformycin A potentiates the antipurine actions of MTX in some of these MTAP(+) lines.	Adenine	57-64	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	119-123
8640765-4	1996	Because MTAP phosphorolyzes 5"-deoxy-5"-methylthioadenosine (MTA), generated as a byproduct of polyamine synthesis, to the salvageable purine base adenine, loss of this pathway in p16(-), MTAP(-) cells might sensitize these cells to methotrexate (MTX), the mechanism of action of which involves, in part, an inhibition of purine de novo synthesis.	Adenine	147-154	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	188-192
8640765-6	1996	This may be in part due to the MTAP-dependent salvage of adenine moieties from endogenously generated MTA, because the MTAP inhibitor 5"-chloro-5"-de- oxyformycin A potentiates the antipurine actions of MTX in some of these MTAP(+) lines.	Adenine	57-64	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	31-35
8991080-4	1996	Detection of reverse mutation in vivo is based on the differential capacity of Aprt and Aprt cells to sequester radiolabeled adenine by catalyzing its conversion to adenosine monophosphate with subsequent incorporation into nucleic acids.	Adenine	125-132	adenine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	79-83
8640038-4	1996	A point mutation (adenine to guanine at position 985) in exon 11 of the medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase gene accounts for 90% of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency-causing alleles.	Adenine	18-25	acyl-CoA dehydrogenase medium chain	Homo sapiens	72-107
8673615-1	1996	The 8-hydroxyguanine:adenine mispairing scheme that spontaneously occurs in vivo through oxidative metabolism of DNA was edited to obtain a pair closely fitting the Watson-Crick geometry in which 2 purine bases of identical structure but oppositely rotated in the syn and anti configurations are hydrogen-bonded.	Adenine	21-28	synemin	Homo sapiens	264-267
8991080-4	1996	Detection of reverse mutation in vivo is based on the differential capacity of Aprt and Aprt cells to sequester radiolabeled adenine by catalyzing its conversion to adenosine monophosphate with subsequent incorporation into nucleic acids.	Adenine	125-132	adenine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	88-92
8772211-6	1995	In case 2, we found a deletion of nucleotide within seven adenine repeats at the position of 1932 to 1938 in the coding region of GPIb alpha, which causes a frame shift that results in 58 altered amino acids and a premature stop codon.	Adenine	58-65	glycoprotein Ib platelet subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	130-140
8851771-2	1995	Since a guanine to adenine mutation at 1138 of the cDNA for FGFR3 had been identified in most of the patients in Western population, we examined 13 Japanese patients to see if they also share the same mutation.	Adenine	19-26	fibroblast growth factor receptor 3	Homo sapiens	60-65
7573037-4	1995	A single nucleotide change, substituting adenine for guanidine at position 2533 and resulting in an amino acid change of glycine to aspartic acid at codon 823, was found in DNA samples from 14 unrelated FH probands.	Adenine	41-48	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	203-205
8529997-1	1995	The effect of a polymorphism, guanine (G) to adenine (A) substitution in the promoter of apolipoprotein A-I gene at a position 78 bp upstream of the transcription initiation site, on the serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol level was studied in 168 Japanese subjects with HDL-cholesterol levels ranging from 26 to 171 mg/dl.	Adenine	45-52	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	89-107
7479043-8	1995	These results show that base dynamics, heretofore observed in only a few isolated sequences, occurs at all TpA steps which are either preceded or followed by a thymine or adenine, respectively, and may be characteristic of all TpA steps in DNA notwithstanding sequence context.	Adenine	171-178	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	107-110
7479043-8	1995	These results show that base dynamics, heretofore observed in only a few isolated sequences, occurs at all TpA steps which are either preceded or followed by a thymine or adenine, respectively, and may be characteristic of all TpA steps in DNA notwithstanding sequence context.	Adenine	171-178	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	227-230
7543473-1	1995	ErmC" is a methyltransferase that confers resistance to the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B group of antibiotics by catalyzing the methylation of 23S rRNA at a specific adenine residue (A-2085 in Bacillus subtilis; A-2058 in Escherichia coli).	Adenine	175-182	erm leader peptide protein (23S rRNA methylase leader peptide)	Escherichia coli	0-5
7657792-3	1995	Sequencing of adhalin cDNA prepared from skeletal muscle by reverse transcription PCR demonstrated a cytosine to thymidine substitution at nt 229 in the patient in family 1 and an adenine to guanine substitution at nt 410 and a 15-base insertion between nt 408 and 409 in the two patients in family 2.	Adenine	180-187	sarcoglycan alpha	Homo sapiens	14-21
8527802-1	1995	Heterozygous missense mutation in codon 15 of the rhodopsin gene was detected in a patient with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (ADRP), where a transition of adenine to guanine at the second nucleotide in codon 15 (AAT--&gt;AGT), corresponding to a substitution of serine residue for asparagine residue (Asn-15-Ser) was detected.	Adenine	166-173	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	50-59
8527802-1	1995	Heterozygous missense mutation in codon 15 of the rhodopsin gene was detected in a patient with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (ADRP), where a transition of adenine to guanine at the second nucleotide in codon 15 (AAT--&gt;AGT), corresponding to a substitution of serine residue for asparagine residue (Asn-15-Ser) was detected.	Adenine	166-173	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	232-235
7629177-9	1995	In the case of adenine, the activity of Ltp1 was increased by approximately 30-fold.	Adenine	15-22	tyrosine protein phosphatase LTP1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	40-44
7627690-11	1995	Sequence analysis of the promoter region of the apo AI gene reveals heterozygosity for guanine-to-adenine substitution at position 76 in two kindreds with no evidence of segregation with the low HDL trait.	Adenine	98-105	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	48-54
8589517-2	1995	The MPG gene plays a key role in the excision repair of methylated adenine residues and has been localized upstream of the alpha-globin gene cluster in human and mouse.	Adenine	67-74	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	4-7
11536683-6	1995	These properties include the following:  (1) Adenine synthesis requires HCN concentrations of at least 0.01 M.  Such concentrations would be expected only in unique circumstances on the early Earth.	Adenine	45-52	metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1	Homo sapiens	72-75
7479711-5	1995	Both inhibitors are adenine derivatives and bind in the adenine binding pocket of CDK2, but in an unexpected and different orientation from the adenine of the authentic ligand ATP.	Adenine	20-27	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	82-86
7479711-5	1995	Both inhibitors are adenine derivatives and bind in the adenine binding pocket of CDK2, but in an unexpected and different orientation from the adenine of the authentic ligand ATP.	Adenine	56-63	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	82-86
7479711-5	1995	Both inhibitors are adenine derivatives and bind in the adenine binding pocket of CDK2, but in an unexpected and different orientation from the adenine of the authentic ligand ATP.	Adenine	56-63	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	82-86
8577321-8	1995	The recombinant HGPRT was purified to homogeneity and recognized hypoxanthine, guanine and allopurinol, but not adenine or xanthine, as substrates.	Adenine	112-119	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Leishmania donovani	16-21
7597149-3	1995	The spectra of the reduced oligomers in the series pd(AnT10-n).pd(A10-nTn) with n = 5--&gt;10 showed a trend which is interpreted as either an increase in the probability of trapping at an adenine base in tracks of adenine &gt; 7 base pairs in length, or the presence of different protonated states of the one-electron-reduced bases due to the adoption of a different conformational state for longer tracks of adenine, or a combination of these two possibilities.	Adenine	189-196	neurturin	Homo sapiens	70-73
7597149-3	1995	The spectra of the reduced oligomers in the series pd(AnT10-n).pd(A10-nTn) with n = 5--&gt;10 showed a trend which is interpreted as either an increase in the probability of trapping at an adenine base in tracks of adenine &gt; 7 base pairs in length, or the presence of different protonated states of the one-electron-reduced bases due to the adoption of a different conformational state for longer tracks of adenine, or a combination of these two possibilities.	Adenine	215-222	neurturin	Homo sapiens	70-73
7597149-3	1995	The spectra of the reduced oligomers in the series pd(AnT10-n).pd(A10-nTn) with n = 5--&gt;10 showed a trend which is interpreted as either an increase in the probability of trapping at an adenine base in tracks of adenine &gt; 7 base pairs in length, or the presence of different protonated states of the one-electron-reduced bases due to the adoption of a different conformational state for longer tracks of adenine, or a combination of these two possibilities.	Adenine	215-222	neurturin	Homo sapiens	70-73
7791007-1	1995	Transient absorption spectra of adenine, adenosine and 2"-deoxyadenosine 5"-monophosphate (dAMP) arising from 248 nm laser flash photolysis using acetone as a photosensitizer have been observed.	Adenine	32-39	Amphiphysin	Drosophila melanogaster	91-95
7616549-3	1995	We report on a family with GRTH displaying an adenine for guanine substitution at nucleotide 1234 resulting in a threonine for alanine substitution at codon 317 of exon 9.	Adenine	46-53	thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens	27-31
7607477-1	1995	M.HhaI, M.TaqI and COMT are DNA methyltransferases (MTases) which catalyze the transfer of a methyl group from the cofactor AdoMet to C5 of cytosine, to N6 of adenine and to a hydroxyl group of catechol, respectively.	Adenine	159-166	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	19-23
7739896-3	1995	Crosslinking occurred only at the residue complementary to the first adenine in the AAC sequence, demonstrating a close contact between the major groove at this sequence and the S subunit.	Adenine	69-76	glycine-N-acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	84-87
7891051-1	1995	OBJECTIVE: To validate the use of a recently observed guanine to adenine mutation in exon 10 in the porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD) gene as a diagnostic marker of acute intermittent porphyria (AIP).	Adenine	65-72	hydroxymethylbilane synthase	Homo sapiens	100-125
7897657-1	1995	The DNA methyltransferases, M.HhaI and M.TaqI, and catechol O-methyl-transferase (COMT) catalyze the transfer of a methyl group from the cofactor S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) to carbon-5 of cytosine, to nitrogen-6 of adenine, and to a hydroxyl group of catechol, respectively.	Adenine	221-228	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	51-80
7897657-1	1995	The DNA methyltransferases, M.HhaI and M.TaqI, and catechol O-methyl-transferase (COMT) catalyze the transfer of a methyl group from the cofactor S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) to carbon-5 of cytosine, to nitrogen-6 of adenine, and to a hydroxyl group of catechol, respectively.	Adenine	221-228	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	82-86
7766817-1	1995	Alkylation of DNA by the nitrogen mustard bis(2-chloroethyl)methylamine (mechlorethamine; HN2) gave four principal products, derived by mono-alkylation of guanine at N-7 and adenine at N-3 and by cross-linking of guanine to guanine or guanine to adenine at these positions.	Adenine	174-181	MT-RNR2 like 2 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	90-93
7766817-1	1995	Alkylation of DNA by the nitrogen mustard bis(2-chloroethyl)methylamine (mechlorethamine; HN2) gave four principal products, derived by mono-alkylation of guanine at N-7 and adenine at N-3 and by cross-linking of guanine to guanine or guanine to adenine at these positions.	Adenine	246-253	MT-RNR2 like 2 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	90-93
7891051-1	1995	OBJECTIVE: To validate the use of a recently observed guanine to adenine mutation in exon 10 in the porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD) gene as a diagnostic marker of acute intermittent porphyria (AIP).	Adenine	65-72	hydroxymethylbilane synthase	Homo sapiens	127-131
7833480-1	1995	Studies of neutrophil nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activation in a cell-free system showed that the low molecular-weight guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) Rac was required, and that Rap1a may participate in activation of the catalytic complex.	Adenine	35-42	Rac family small GTPase 2	Homo sapiens	186-189
7827031-10	1995	4,6-Diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine and 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine may be produced by hydration of adenine and guanine, respectively, across the N(7)-C(8) double bond by mechanisms similar to those proposed previously for well-known formation of pyrimidine hydrates with the hydroxyl group located at C(6).	Adenine	114-121	homeobox C8	Homo sapiens	165-169
7827031-10	1995	4,6-Diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine and 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine may be produced by hydration of adenine and guanine, respectively, across the N(7)-C(8) double bond by mechanisms similar to those proposed previously for well-known formation of pyrimidine hydrates with the hydroxyl group located at C(6).	Adenine	114-121	complement C6	Homo sapiens	316-320
7703355-11	1995	263, 15429-15435] in which the hot spot of most frequent occurrence was located at an adenine, in the sequence GAT.	Adenine	86-93	glycine-N-acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	111-114
7625275-1	1995	Insertion sequence IS1 encodes a transframe protein, InsA-B"-InsB, which is produced from two out-of-phase reading frames, insA and B"-insB, by translational frameshifting at a run of adenines.	Adenine	184-192	IS1	Homo sapiens	19-22
7625275-3	1995	We found that cells harboring a plasmid carrying an IS1 mutant with a single adenine insertion in the run of adenines contained miniplasmids.	Adenine	77-84	IS1	Homo sapiens	52-55
7625275-3	1995	We found that cells harboring a plasmid carrying an IS1 mutant with a single adenine insertion in the run of adenines contained miniplasmids.	Adenine	109-117	IS1	Homo sapiens	52-55
8590228-5	1995	A point mutation (adenine to guanine at position 985) in exon 11 of the MCAD gene represents 90% of alleles causing MCAD deficiency.	Adenine	18-25	acyl-CoA dehydrogenase medium chain	Homo sapiens	72-76
7947592-2	1994	The mutation is due to insertion of an adenine (A) into a 7-A repeat between cDNA position 9754 and 9760 of the apoB gene, resulting in a frame shift of 13 new amino acids and a termination codon at amino acid residue 3197.	Adenine	39-46	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	112-116
7993211-4	1994	PATIENTS: We studied the ocular findings in eight members of a Japanese family with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa and cytosine-to-adenine transversion at the third nucleotide in codon 244 of the peripherin/RDS gene.	Adenine	140-147	peripherin	Homo sapiens	205-215
7873749-4	1994	The variant consisting of a cytosine to adenine base substitution at nucleotide position 1650 altered phenylalanine to leucine in codon 450 in the T3-binding domain of c-erbA beta.	Adenine	40-47	thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens	168-179
7603488-4	1995	Regulation of ADE12 gene expression by exogenic adenine was carried out.	Adenine	48-55	adenylosuccinate synthase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	14-19
7828910-0	1994	Evidence for adenine methylation within the mouse myogenic gene Myo-D1.	Adenine	13-20	myogenic differentiation 1	Mus musculus	64-70
7962323-9	1994	The anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell line (ARO) had 1 APC allele with an adenine insertion at codon 1556 (ACTA to AACTA), leading to a premature stop codon at 1558.	Adenine	74-81	cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	44-47
7525098-11	1994	Strong transactivation could only be achieved by a K13-RARE mutant in which both critical thymidines were substituted by adenines.	Adenine	121-129	keratin 13	Mus musculus	51-59
7945401-2	1994	The 4-electron metronidazole (RNO2) metronidazole-hydroxylamine (RNHOH) couple in an aqueous medium shows a positive shift in reduction potential upon addition of thymine, adenine and guanine, but a negative shift for cytosine.	Adenine	172-179	NLR family pyrin domain containing 12	Homo sapiens	30-34
7980504-3	1994	We have analyzed the mitochondrial genome of a patient presenting with CPEO for single base substitutions and discovered a novel heteroplasmic mutation in the tRNA(Asn) gene at position 5692 that converts a highly conserved adenine into a guanine.	Adenine	224-231	mitochondrially encoded tRNA glycine	Homo sapiens	159-168
7523276-1	1994	By using the non-isotopic single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) technique to analyse products of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we detected a 561-adenine to cytosine substitution resulting in an amino acid exchange from serine to arginine at position 128 of the E-selectin gene.	Adenine	161-168	selectin E	Homo sapiens	277-287
7945401-5	1994	All except guanine resulted in interaction with the metronidazole nitro radical anion (RNO2-), as measured by the decrease in the return-to-forward peak current ratio, in the following order of increasing reactivity: cytosine, adenine and thymine (at a metronidazole: base ratio of 1:1).	Adenine	227-234	NLR family pyrin domain containing 12	Homo sapiens	87-91
8086473-4	1994	A transgenic tobacco cell line that expressed the methyltransferase enzyme and carried an Arabidopsis cab3 gene containing a single target site for the adenine methyltransferase enzyme showed that the adenine residue was not methylated.	Adenine	152-159	chlorophyll A/B binding protein 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	102-106
22671910-4	1994	For the first intercalative mode, the best bound triplet sequences are d(ACG) d(CGT) and d(ACA) d(TGT), namely with an adenine immediately upstream from the intercalation site.	Adenine	119-126	UDP glycosyltransferase 8	Homo sapiens	80-83
7969038-4	1994	In the present study, we have identified a new mutation (CYP2C19m2) in Japanese poor metabolizers, consisting of a guanine to adenine mutation at position 636 of exon 4 of CYP2C19, which creates a premature stop codon.	Adenine	126-133	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	57-64
7848561-4	1994	For the first intercalative mode, the best bound triplet sequences are d(ACG).d(CGT) and d(ACA)d(TGT), namely with an adenine immediately upstream from the intercalation site.	Adenine	118-125	UDP glycosyltransferase 8	Homo sapiens	80-83
7848561-4	1994	For the first intercalative mode, the best bound triplet sequences are d(ACG).d(CGT) and d(ACA)d(TGT), namely with an adenine immediately upstream from the intercalation site.	Adenine	118-125	queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	97-100
22671910-4	1994	For the first intercalative mode, the best bound triplet sequences are d(ACG) d(CGT) and d(ACA) d(TGT), namely with an adenine immediately upstream from the intercalation site.	Adenine	119-126	queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	98-101
8034673-9	1994	Mutagenic analysis of a region of CPT II that is highly conserved among the carnitine and choline acyltransferases, and which is homologous to the "adenine binding loop" of citrate synthase, implies that it has no similar function in CPT II.	Adenine	148-155	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2	Rattus norvegicus	34-40
8046414-1	1994	Sequence analysis of the p10 genes of three Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) isolates collected in Taiwan (Ta) and Japan (T3 and D1) showed that all possessed a deletion of an adenine residue, 210 bp downstream from the first base of the initiation codon when compared to the p10 gene of Autographa californica (multinucleocapsid) NPV (AcMNPV).	Adenine	190-197	P10	Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus	25-28
7799447-10	1994	Although the inhibition of ecto-5"-nucleotidase caused a decrease in the release of adenosine and adenine moiety label from the heart it is most likely that adenosine was mainly derived from intracellular sources, because the hypoxia-induced increase in the concentration of adenosine was more excessive than that of AMP.	Adenine	98-105	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	27-47
8034673-9	1994	Mutagenic analysis of a region of CPT II that is highly conserved among the carnitine and choline acyltransferases, and which is homologous to the "adenine binding loop" of citrate synthase, implies that it has no similar function in CPT II.	Adenine	148-155	citrate synthase	Rattus norvegicus	173-189
8034673-9	1994	Mutagenic analysis of a region of CPT II that is highly conserved among the carnitine and choline acyltransferases, and which is homologous to the "adenine binding loop" of citrate synthase, implies that it has no similar function in CPT II.	Adenine	148-155	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2	Rattus norvegicus	234-240
8021937-0	1994	The influence of adenine-rich motifs in the 3" portion of the ribosome binding site on human IFN-gamma gene expression in Escherichia coli.	Adenine	17-24	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	93-102
7584086-2	1994	The product of the Escherischia coli DeoD gene (purine nucleoside phosphorylase, PNP) differs from the mammalian enzyme in its substrate specificity and is capable of catalyzing the conversion of several non-toxic deoxyadenosine analogs to highly toxic adenine analogs.	Adenine	253-260	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	81-84
7919995-2	1994	The replacement of the wild-type cytosine-253 to adenine results in the replacement of the wild-type Pro at codon 52 (CCC) with Thr (ACC) located in exon 1 of the TSHR.	Adenine	49-56	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	163-167
8195090-5	1994	An adenine auxotrophic marker (ade1) was introduced into a Pldts strain in a heterozygous state, and the individual high-ploidy cells of this strain, grown at 37 degrees C, were micromanipulated to form colonies, which consisted of red and white sectors appearing at high frequency on a pink background.	Adenine	3-10	phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	31-35
7725728-8	1994	All mutations detected were adenine to guanine transitions at the second position of N-ras codon 61, resulting in a conversion from glutamine to arginine.	Adenine	28-35	NRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	85-90
7962192-6	1994	In newly isolated neurons from P0 rat pups cultured in the presence of NGF, all the arabinose nucleosides (adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine) induce apoptosis at 10 microM when combined with 5-fluorodeoxyuridine treatment.	Adenine	107-114	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	71-74
7974465-2	1994	DQA1*0104 has a guanine in the second position of the second expressed codon, whereas DQA1*0101 and all other sequenced DQA1 alleles have an adenine in that position, changing aspartic acid to glycine.	Adenine	141-148	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ alpha 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
7974465-2	1994	DQA1*0104 has a guanine in the second position of the second expressed codon, whereas DQA1*0101 and all other sequenced DQA1 alleles have an adenine in that position, changing aspartic acid to glycine.	Adenine	141-148	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ alpha 1	Homo sapiens	86-90
7974465-2	1994	DQA1*0104 has a guanine in the second position of the second expressed codon, whereas DQA1*0101 and all other sequenced DQA1 alleles have an adenine in that position, changing aspartic acid to glycine.	Adenine	141-148	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ alpha 1	Homo sapiens	86-90
8082196-4	1994	The ADE2-lacZ fusion expression can be slightly activated in response to amino-acid starvation, but only in Gcn4+ strains and in an adenine-supplemented medium.	Adenine	132-139	phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase ADE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	4-8
8082196-6	1994	Our experiments indicate that the ADE2 gene of the purine biosynthetic pathway is under both specific adenine control and the general amino-acid control system.	Adenine	102-109	phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase ADE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	34-38
7974339-3	1994	The mutation was identified as a deletion of one adenine in codon 43 of exon III of the PROS 1 gene.	Adenine	49-56	protein S	Homo sapiens	88-94
7850269-1	1994	A mother and daughter with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP) were found to carry a cytosine-to-adenine transversion mutation at codon 4 of the rhodopsin gene.	Adenine	108-115	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	156-165
7519558-3	1994	Twitch responses enhanced by Bay K 8644, but not by nifedipine, were partially reduced by adenine, an inhibitor of Ca(2+)-induced Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum, suggesting the involvement of Ca(2+)-induced Ca2+ release in Bay K 8644-induced potentiation of the twitches.	Adenine	90-97	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	130-133
7910273-3	1994	An adenine to guanine (A--&gt;G) mutation in the promoter of the apolipoprotein A1 gene (apoA-1) has been suggested as affecting plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.	Adenine	3-10	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	65-82
7910273-3	1994	An adenine to guanine (A--&gt;G) mutation in the promoter of the apolipoprotein A1 gene (apoA-1) has been suggested as affecting plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.	Adenine	3-10	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	89-95
7519558-3	1994	Twitch responses enhanced by Bay K 8644, but not by nifedipine, were partially reduced by adenine, an inhibitor of Ca(2+)-induced Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum, suggesting the involvement of Ca(2+)-induced Ca2+ release in Bay K 8644-induced potentiation of the twitches.	Adenine	90-97	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	217-220
8014977-3	1994	Using the amplification refractory mutagenesis system, two different reactions distinguished the presence of a guanine (normal E1u allele) from that of an adenine (Kalow E1k allele) at nucleotide 1615 within the coding sequences of the gene.	Adenine	155-162	oxoglutarate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	170-173
8157709-5	1994	A third mutation involved a single base pair (adenine) deletion in codon 3 of H-ras which causes a frame shift, resulting in a termination signal at codon 19.	Adenine	46-53	HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	78-83
8017108-9	1994	Rich in adenine-thymine bases, ORF2 appears to be a homologue of the VAR1 gene which codes for a small ribosomal subunit protein in S. cerevisiae mitochondria.	Adenine	8-15	mitochondrial 37S ribosomal protein VAR1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	69-73
7981713-3	1994	Two subjects were found to be heterozygous for a guanine to adenine base substitution at nucleotide position 418 of the LDL receptor cDNA.	Adenine	60-67	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	120-132
8088506-0	1994	Guanidine to adenine (G/A) substitution in the promoter region of the apolipoprotein AI gene is associated with elevated serum apolipoprotein AI levels in Chinese non-smokers.	Adenine	13-20	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	70-87
8088506-0	1994	Guanidine to adenine (G/A) substitution in the promoter region of the apolipoprotein AI gene is associated with elevated serum apolipoprotein AI levels in Chinese non-smokers.	Adenine	13-20	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	127-144
8088507-1	1994	The effect associated with the substitution of adenine (A) for guanidine (G) in the promoter region of the apolipoprotein AI gene (-75 bp) with plasma apo AI and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels was investigated in the European Atherosclerosis Research Study (EARS).	Adenine	47-54	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	107-124
8088507-1	1994	The effect associated with the substitution of adenine (A) for guanidine (G) in the promoter region of the apolipoprotein AI gene (-75 bp) with plasma apo AI and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels was investigated in the European Atherosclerosis Research Study (EARS).	Adenine	47-54	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	151-157
7660992-0	1994	Isolation and characterization of mutations in the mouse APRT gene that encode functional enzymes with resistance to toxic adenine analogs.	Adenine	123-130	adenine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	57-61
7765000-8	1994	The expression of the CR9 gene was repressed specifically by cytokinins (BA, isopentenyladenine and t-zeatin), but not by adenine or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (auxin).	Adenine	88-95	light-regulated protein-like	Cucumis sativus	22-25
8274222-4	1993	A second variant form of CYP4A11 cDNA, designated CYP4A11v, was isolated from the same library and had a deletion of a single adenine residue, thereby extending the reading frame and resulting in a protein of 591 amino acids.	Adenine	126-133	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily A member 11	Homo sapiens	25-32
8131302-0	1993	Adenine for guanine substitution -78 base pairs 5" to the apolipoprotein (APO) A-I gene: relation with high density lipoprotein cholesterol and APO A-I concentrations.	Adenine	0-7	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	144-149
8131302-1	1993	A common mutation, adenine (A) for guanidine (G) substitution (G/A) has been located -78 bp 5" to the apo A-I gene.	Adenine	19-26	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	102-109
8299166-3	1993	The promoters of the ADE2 gene, and of other genes involved in adenine biosynthesis, contain the hexanucleotide sequence TGACTC.	Adenine	63-70	phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase ADE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	21-25
8145761-4	1993	This AR mutation is a guanine-to-adenine transition at nucleotide 2671 that leads to substitution of methionine for the wild type valine at position 715.	Adenine	33-40	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	5-7
7904584-2	1993	Approximately 90% of the disease-causing alleles in diagnosed patients are due to a single base mutation, an A (adenine) to G (guanine) transition at position 985 of MCAD cDNA (G985).	Adenine	112-119	acyl-CoA dehydrogenase medium chain	Homo sapiens	166-170
8215439-1	1993	The adenine subsites of the ATP sites of rat liver carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I have been localized by direct photoaffinity labeling with ATP.	Adenine	4-11	carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-83
8215738-1	1993	BACKGROUND: Familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 is caused by a substitution of adenine for guanine in exon 26 of the gene coding for apolipoprotein B, which results in the substitution of glutamine for arginine in the putative low-density lipoprotein-receptor binding domain of the mature protein.	Adenine	83-90	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	31-47
8215738-1	1993	BACKGROUND: Familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 is caused by a substitution of adenine for guanine in exon 26 of the gene coding for apolipoprotein B, which results in the substitution of glutamine for arginine in the putative low-density lipoprotein-receptor binding domain of the mature protein.	Adenine	83-90	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	137-153
8344929-4	1993	Using the photoaffinity analog of NAD+, [alpha-32P]nicotinamide-2-azidoadenine dinucleotide, we have identified a peptide in the adenine ring binding domain of the NAD+ binding site of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase.	Adenine	71-78	carbonyl reductase 1	Homo sapiens	185-222
8415700-4	1993	We found that specific interactions are localized unevenly in the AACTGAC region in the consensus binding site of c-Myb: The first adenine, third cytosine, and fifth guanine are involved in very specific interactions, in which any base substitutions reduce the binding affinity by &gt; 500-fold.	Adenine	131-138	MYB proto-oncogene, transcription factor	Homo sapiens	114-119
7507266-1	1993	Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) is an enzyme that functions in a salvage pathway for adenine synthesis.	Adenine	94-101	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	0-33
7507266-1	1993	Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) is an enzyme that functions in a salvage pathway for adenine synthesis.	Adenine	94-101	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	35-39
8404869-2	1993	Three base pairings are known to occur between adenine and guanine: AH+ (anti).G(syn), A(anti).G(anti) and A(syn).G(anti).	Adenine	47-54	synemin	Homo sapiens	81-84
8404869-2	1993	Three base pairings are known to occur between adenine and guanine: AH+ (anti).G(syn), A(anti).G(anti) and A(syn).G(anti).	Adenine	47-54	synemin	Homo sapiens	109-112
8352764-4	1993	This substitution, verified by direct DNA sequencing, was the result of a guanine to adenine change on exon 3 of the TTR gene.	Adenine	85-92	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	117-120
8101486-5	1993	Subsequent sequence analysis of the fragment revealed a point mutation in the Pst I site (cytosine to adenine), substituting glutamic acid for alanine at position 57.	Adenine	102-109	sulfotransferase family 1A member 1	Homo sapiens	78-81
7688078-1	1993	The distribution of O6-meG in the rat H-ras gene sequence was studied using PCR by transition of O6-meG to adenine during the reaction.	Adenine	107-114	HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase	Rattus norvegicus	38-43
8323298-7	1993	The adenine ring binding domain of NADH/NADPH binding site was identified by trypsin and chymotrypsin digestion of the photolabeled prolactin and purification of the photolabeled peptide by boronate affinity chromatography and immobilized Fe3+ affinity chromatography.	Adenine	4-11	prolactin	Homo sapiens	132-141
8515458-9	1993	Groups that can form hydrogen bonds in a similar way to amide groups occur in several nucleotide bases; we find one example of a 9-membered ring involving adenine and main-chain atoms in the FAD-protein complex of glutathione reductase.	Adenine	155-162	glutathione-disulfide reductase	Homo sapiens	214-235
8408869-7	1993	Animals having the alpha-lactalbumin (+15) AA (an adenine on both alleles at position +15) genotype had statistically higher PTA for milk, kilograms of protein, protein dollars, kilograms of fat, and fat dollars than did the alpha-lactalbumin (+15) BB (a cytosine, guanine, or thymine on both alleles at position +15) animals.	Adenine	50-57	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	19-36
8321199-3	1993	Deletion of the autonomously replicating sequence (ARS) consensus element at the HMR-E silencer or mutation of the silencer binding protein RAP1 (rap1s) results in the presence of large sectors within individual colonies of both repressed (Ade-, pink) and derepressed (Ade+, white) cells.	Adenine	240-243	DNA-binding transcription factor RAP1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	140-144
8321199-3	1993	Deletion of the autonomously replicating sequence (ARS) consensus element at the HMR-E silencer or mutation of the silencer binding protein RAP1 (rap1s) results in the presence of large sectors within individual colonies of both repressed (Ade-, pink) and derepressed (Ade+, white) cells.	Adenine	240-243	DNA-binding transcription factor RAP1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	146-151
8327504-2	1993	Incubations of GAPDH with the NO-releasing agent sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and NAD resulted, however, in essentially equal incorporation of radiolabel from the adenine, phosphate, and nicotinamide moieties to the extent of approximately 0.02 mol of NAD.mol of GAPDH-1.	Adenine	161-168	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	15-20
8389399-7	1993	The increase in cytosolic release of [3H]adenine (marker of cell injury) induced by tumor necrosis factor was prevented by added Zn.	Adenine	37-48	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	84-105
8387060-3	1993	The other mutant, PR3, has an adenine to cytosine mutation resulting in a Lys38--&gt;Thr change.	Adenine	30-37	proteinase 3	Homo sapiens	18-21
8347568-2	1993	The modeling suggested that the structure of TAR was similar to that of the anti-codon loop of tRNA(Asp), having a loop of just three single-stranded residues with a mismatched adenine excluded from the helical stem on the 3" side of the loop.	Adenine	177-184	RNA binding motif protein 8A	Homo sapiens	45-48
8220827-8	1993	Absence of methylated adenine in the site GATC and methylated cytosine in the second position of the site CCGG were established.	Adenine	22-29	glutamyl-tRNA amidotransferase subunit C	Homo sapiens	42-46
8464869-7	1993	This hypothesis is based on their finding that the presence of the full-length ADE3 C1-THF synthase, whether catalytically active or not, is correlated with the Ade+ phenotype.	Adenine	161-164	trifunctional formate-tetrahydrofolate ligase/methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase/methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase ADE3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	79-83
8464869-8	1993	In contrast to their results, our deletion analysis of the ADE3 gene indicates that the presence of either the synthetase or dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase domains of C1-THF synthase is enough to complement the adenine requirement in ade3 strains.	Adenine	209-216	trifunctional formate-tetrahydrofolate ligase/methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase/methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase ADE3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	59-63
1363083-2	1992	DESIGN: We determined the cAMP produced by FRTL-5 cells following incubation with serum from patients with a spectrum of autoimmune thyroid and other diseases using the 3H-adenine assay.	Adenine	169-179	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	26-30
8463133-4	1993	The mutation consisted of a guanine-to-adenine transition in the first base of codon 13 of c-Ki-ras which replaced wild-type glycine with serine, indicating that a putative glycine-to-aspartic acid change is not necessarily the critical event for c-Ki-ras gene activation in codon 13.	Adenine	39-46	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	91-99
1334529-1	1992	Previous genetic analyses indicated that translational frameshifting in the--1 direction occurs within the run of six adenines in the sequence 5"-TTAAAAAACTC-3" at nucleotide positions 305-315 in IS 1, where the two out-of-phase reading frames insA and B"-insB overlap, to produce transposase with a polypeptide segment Leu-Lys-Lys-Leu at residues 84-87.	Adenine	118-126	IS1	Homo sapiens	196-200
1334529-3	1992	An IS 1 mutant with the DNA segment 5"-CTTAAAAACTC-3" at positions 305-315 carrying the termination codon TAA in the B"-insB reading frame could still mediate cointegration, indicating that codon AAA for Lys corresponding to second, third and fourth positions in the run of adenines is the site of frameshifting.	Adenine	274-282	IS1	Homo sapiens	3-7
1334529-5	1992	The protein produced by frameshifting from the IS 1-lacZ plasmid in fact contained the polypeptide segment Leu-Lys-Lys-Leu encoded by the DNA segment 5"-TTAAAAAACTC-3", indicating that--1 frameshifting does occur within the run of adenines.	Adenine	231-239	IS1	Homo sapiens	47-51
1334530-1	1992	The transposase encoded by insertion sequence IS1 is produced from two out-of-phase reading frames (insA and B"-insB) by translational frameshifting, which occurs within a run of six adenines in the -1 direction.	Adenine	183-191	IS1	Homo sapiens	46-49
1445204-10	1992	The control patterns of these five fluxes indicate that, in the presence of extracellular adenosine and inosine, the intracellular metabolism of adenine derivatives would be highly dependent on the extracellular and intracellular concentrations of both nucleosides, on the ectoenzymes (5"-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase) and on the transporter.	Adenine	145-152	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	286-301
1445204-10	1992	The control patterns of these five fluxes indicate that, in the presence of extracellular adenosine and inosine, the intracellular metabolism of adenine derivatives would be highly dependent on the extracellular and intracellular concentrations of both nucleosides, on the ectoenzymes (5"-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase) and on the transporter.	Adenine	145-152	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	306-325
8095242-5	1993	Reference to the size of fragments hybridising with the Myo-D1 probe, following digestion of genomic DNA with TaqI, suggests that in most tissues, adenine residues within Myo-D1 may be extensively methylated.	Adenine	147-154	myogenic differentiation 1	Mus musculus	56-62
8095242-5	1993	Reference to the size of fragments hybridising with the Myo-D1 probe, following digestion of genomic DNA with TaqI, suggests that in most tissues, adenine residues within Myo-D1 may be extensively methylated.	Adenine	147-154	myogenic differentiation 1	Mus musculus	171-177
8423162-4	1993	folA-null strains were slow growing, formed small colonies, and were auxotrophic for thymidine, adenine, methionine, glycine, and pantothenate.	Adenine	96-103	dihydrofolate reductase type I	Escherichia coli	0-4
8419338-11	1993	In comparison with rBAT-1, rBAT-2 has 26 additional nucleotides at the 5"-end, an identical location of the first polyadenylation signal, and approximately 1.7 kb of 3"-untranslated sequence (rich in AT(U) motifs) prior to a poly(A) tail of 63 adenines.	Adenine	244-252	proline-rich coiled-coil 2A	Rattus norvegicus	27-33
8252051-4	1993	After transport into the cell, adenine becomes available as a substrate for adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT), the enzyme that catalyses the non-mitochondrial conversion of adenine into AMP.	Adenine	31-38	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	76-110
8252051-4	1993	After transport into the cell, adenine becomes available as a substrate for adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT), the enzyme that catalyses the non-mitochondrial conversion of adenine into AMP.	Adenine	31-38	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	112-116
8252051-4	1993	After transport into the cell, adenine becomes available as a substrate for adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT), the enzyme that catalyses the non-mitochondrial conversion of adenine into AMP.	Adenine	76-83	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	112-116
1296576-5	1992	This mutation resulted in an Arg-to-Gln change at amino acid 87 of the APRT protein that, in turn, resulted in a decreased affinity for adenine.	Adenine	136-143	adenine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	71-75
1454832-3	1992	The 1-base-pair deletion in the mutant apoB allele created a stretch of eight consecutive adenines.	Adenine	90-98	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	39-43
1454832-6	1992	The insertion of the extra adenine, presumably during apoB gene transcription, is predicted to restore the correct apoB reading frame, thereby permitting the synthesis of a full-length apoB protein.	Adenine	27-34	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	54-58
1454832-6	1992	The insertion of the extra adenine, presumably during apoB gene transcription, is predicted to restore the correct apoB reading frame, thereby permitting the synthesis of a full-length apoB protein.	Adenine	27-34	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	115-119
1454832-6	1992	The insertion of the extra adenine, presumably during apoB gene transcription, is predicted to restore the correct apoB reading frame, thereby permitting the synthesis of a full-length apoB protein.	Adenine	27-34	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	115-119
1332884-1	1992	Specific binding of ATP to bovine serum albumin (BSA) is demonstrated employing ATP derivatives spin-labeled at either N6 or C8 of adenine ring or at the ribose moiety.	Adenine	131-138	albumin	Homo sapiens	34-47
1487249-2	1992	This mutation leads to a guanine to adenine transition in exon 5, changing the sense of the codon from methionine (ATG) to valine (GTG).	Adenine	36-43	gamma-glutamyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	131-134
1331412-3	1992	As opposed to its predominantly inhibitory effects on cyclic AMP production in platelets or in membranes from HEL cells, our initial experiments in intact HEL cells revealed that thrombin markedly potentiated the cyclic AMP response to prostaglandin E1 (2.9 +/- 0.2-fold), prostacyclin (1.9 +/- 0.2-fold) and carbacyclin (2.5 +/- 0.5-fold), measured either by radioimmunoassay or by the [3H]adenine preloading procedure.	Adenine	391-398	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	179-187
1363083-12	1992	Direct comparison of cAMP measurement by 3H-adenine incorporation and commercial radioimmunoassay showed an equal sensitivity to both bTSH and Graves" immunoglobulins.	Adenine	41-51	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	21-25
1322359-3	1992	We previously developed a DNA test based on amplification by the polymerase chain reaction followed by allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization that identifies the base substitution adenine for guanine at nucleotide 654 in the gelsolin gene causing the disease.	Adenine	187-194	gelsolin	Homo sapiens	232-240
1424569-0	1992	Effect of adenine metabolites on survival of Drosophila melanogaster of low xanthine dehydrogenase activity.	Adenine	10-17	Molybdenum cofactor synthesis 1	Drosophila melanogaster	72-98
1424569-5	1992	Purines ranked as follows; adenine &gt; adenosine &gt; AMP &gt; inosine &gt; IMP in decreasing order of toxicity to LXD-adenine flies.	Adenine	27-34	Molybdenum cofactor synthesis 1	Drosophila melanogaster	116-119
1424569-9	1992	More LXD-adenine offspring survived than did LXD-control offspring rechallenged with adenine.	Adenine	9-16	Molybdenum cofactor synthesis 1	Drosophila melanogaster	5-8
1402800-2	1992	Comparative studies on the nucleotide sequences of the ATCC66 and Russian strains of BMV demonstrated that in the ATCC66 strain, two adjacent adenine residues were absent from RNA 3 in the leader sequences of the coat protein gene just a few nucleotides 5" to the first initiation codon of the coat protein gene.	Adenine	142-149	hypothetical protein	Brome mosaic virus	213-225
1402800-6	1992	The results confirmed that the absence of the two adjacent adenine residues was responsible for the production of two types of coat protein in the ATCC66 strain.	Adenine	59-66	golgi phosphoprotein 3	Homo sapiens	127-139
1402800-7	1992	The deletion of the two adjacent adenine residues in ATCC66 resulted in a base substitution of A with U three nucleotides 5" to the first AUG in the coat protein gene.	Adenine	33-40	golgi phosphoprotein 3	Homo sapiens	149-161
1495962-3	1992	Analysis of four genes of the purine pathway (ADE1, ADE2, ADE5,7, and ADE8) shows that their expression is repressed by adenine.	Adenine	120-127	phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	46-50
1495962-3	1992	Analysis of four genes of the purine pathway (ADE1, ADE2, ADE5,7, and ADE8) shows that their expression is repressed by adenine.	Adenine	120-127	phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase ADE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	52-56
1495962-3	1992	Analysis of four genes of the purine pathway (ADE1, ADE2, ADE5,7, and ADE8) shows that their expression is repressed by adenine.	Adenine	120-127	phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	70-74
1619012-3	1992	We found that a new point mutation, consisting of a cytosine to adenine replacement at nucleotide position 1642, resulted in substitution in codon 448 in the T3-binding domain of TR beta.	Adenine	64-71	T cell receptor beta locus	Homo sapiens	179-186
1619012-6	1992	Previously, others have reported a kindred with GRTH, in that the same codon was subjected to proline to histidine replacement due to a mutation consisting of a cytosine to adenine replacement at nucleotide position 1643.	Adenine	173-180	thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens	48-52
1593215-3	1992	A guanine residue was replaced by an adenine residue converting Gly-292 (GGC) to Ser (AGC) in the last exon coding for the catalytic domain.	Adenine	37-44	gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase	Homo sapiens	73-76
1324420-3	1992	Direct sequencing of the polymerase chain reaction-amplified whole coding region of the patients" fibroblast TR beta genes displayed a single guanine to adenine transition at cDNA nucleotide position 985.	Adenine	153-160	T cell receptor beta locus	Homo sapiens	109-116
1351748-2	1992	The mRNA of PrP contains stem-loop structures which are very similar to the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) cis-acting sequence TAR within the LTR; both structures contain the pentanucleotide CUGGG in the loop, and the uridine- and adenine-bulge in the stem.	Adenine	239-246	prion protein	Homo sapiens	12-15
1598912-10	1992	The mutation is a guanine-to-adenine transition at nucleotide 2314, which changes the alanine codon (GCC) immediately after the first cysteine of the second zinc finger motif of the AR into a threonine codon (ACC).	Adenine	29-36	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	101-104
1598912-10	1992	The mutation is a guanine-to-adenine transition at nucleotide 2314, which changes the alanine codon (GCC) immediately after the first cysteine of the second zinc finger motif of the AR into a threonine codon (ACC).	Adenine	29-36	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	182-184
1580841-2	1992	Three members of one family and one person from another family were found to have a guanine-to-adenine transition mutation in the first nucleotide of codon 106 in the rhodopsin gene that results in a glycine-to-arginine change.	Adenine	95-102	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	167-176
1599494-1	1992	Incorporation of the adenine moiety of 2"-deoxyadenosine (dAdo) into ATP, consistently observed in human erythrocytes, is a phenomenon which cannot be explained by the operation of any known pathway.	Adenine	21-28	ado	Drosophila melanogaster	58-62
1599494-3	1992	However, generation of adenine from dAdo was difficult to reconcile with the operation of any known process in human cells, and involvement of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAH-hydrolase) was postulated.	Adenine	23-30	ado	Drosophila melanogaster	36-40
1599494-4	1992	The present studies with intact human erythrocytes demonstrate that nucleoside analogues which inhibit SAH-hydrolase caused substantial attenuation of adenine transfer from dAdo into ATP.	Adenine	151-158	ado	Drosophila melanogaster	173-177
1349196-8	1992	The other was an adenine-to-thymine transversion at nucleotide 1490, which changed amino acid 497 from glutamic acid to valine (GAA----GTA; Glu497----Val).	Adenine	17-24	alpha glucosidase	Homo sapiens	128-131
1634353-7	1992	Direct sequencing of PCR-amplified mtDNA fragments encompassing the ND4 gene of the patients disclosed a transition from guanine to adenine at nucleotide position 11778.	Adenine	132-139	mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 4	Homo sapiens	68-71
1570831-4	1992	This change can be explained by a single base change of adenine for guanine in the Ala-45 codon and was demonstrated directly by DNA sequence analysis of PCR-amplified exon 2 of the TTR gene; allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization both in the patient and in fixed heart tissue from his aunt confirmed the base change.	Adenine	56-63	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	182-185
1348659-5	1992	The deletion of an adenine in human FN codon 1482 caused a reading-frame shift that predicted early termination of translation after 1518 amino acid residues.	Adenine	19-26	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	36-38
1505654-1	1992	The distribution of a polymorphism due to an Adenine to Guanine transition in the ApoAI gene has been studied in 136 women and 108 men, through amplification of the promoter region of the gene and allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization.	Adenine	45-52	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	82-87
1311149-2	1992	We have shown that the novel amyloid fibril protein found in these patients is an internal degradation fragment of gelsolin, an actin-binding protein, and that it contains an amino acid substitution, asparagine for aspartic acid at position 15, that is due to a guanine-to-adenine transversion corresponding to codon 187 of human plasma gelsolin cDNA.	Adenine	273-280	gelsolin	Homo sapiens	115-123
1537842-14	1992	The cleft, which binds the adenine ring of cAMP, was hydrophobic in cAR1 and cAR3 but relatively polar in cAR2.	Adenine	27-34	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 3	Homo sapiens	68-72
1537842-14	1992	The cleft, which binds the adenine ring of cAMP, was hydrophobic in cAR1 and cAR3 but relatively polar in cAR2.	Adenine	27-34	carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens	77-81
1537842-14	1992	The cleft, which binds the adenine ring of cAMP, was hydrophobic in cAR1 and cAR3 but relatively polar in cAR2.	Adenine	27-34	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 4	Homo sapiens	106-110
1563052-2	1992	Although excision-repair functions remove methylated adenine from yeast, adenine methylation at a GAC sequence in SUP4-o did not direct the correction of mismatches via excision repair.	Adenine	73-80	SUP4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	114-118
1737776-18	1992	Adenine stabilized this complex sufficiently that addition of 65 microM adenine and 25 mM cyanide to SAHase caused total complex formation with loss of over 95% of the catalytic activity.	Adenine	0-7	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	101-107
1737776-18	1992	Adenine stabilized this complex sufficiently that addition of 65 microM adenine and 25 mM cyanide to SAHase caused total complex formation with loss of over 95% of the catalytic activity.	Adenine	72-79	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	101-107
1643262-2	1992	In this paper we report identification of several new BP-DNA adducts formed by one-electron oxidation and the diol epoxide pathway, namely, BP bound at C-6 to the C-8 of Gua (BP-6-C8Gua) and the N-7 of Ade (BP-6-N7Ade) and BPDE bound at C-10 to the N-7 of Ade (BPDE-10-N7Ade).	Adenine	202-205	complement C6	Rattus norvegicus	152-155
1643262-2	1992	In this paper we report identification of several new BP-DNA adducts formed by one-electron oxidation and the diol epoxide pathway, namely, BP bound at C-6 to the C-8 of Gua (BP-6-C8Gua) and the N-7 of Ade (BP-6-N7Ade) and BPDE bound at C-10 to the N-7 of Ade (BPDE-10-N7Ade).	Adenine	214-217	complement C6	Rattus norvegicus	152-155
1311385-5	1992	The mode of stacking of the adenine base with His92 is similar to the stacking of the guanine base observed in complexes of ribonuclease T1 with guanylyl-2",5"-guanosine, reported by Koepke et al., and two guanosine bases, reported by Lenz et al., and in the complex of barnase with d(GpC), reported by Baudet &amp; Janin.	Adenine	28-35	glycophorin C (Gerbich blood group)	Homo sapiens	285-288
1729889-2	1992	In this report we describe the identification of a missense mutation at codon 553 (guanine to adenine) in the von Willebrand factor (vWf) gene in affected members of a family with type IIB von Willebrand"s disease (vWd).	Adenine	94-101	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	110-131
1541390-6	1992	One of the joints between the rDNA and ADH2 DNA is located 7 nucleotides downstream from 20 adenine residues in the normal copy of ADH2.	Adenine	92-99	alcohol dehydrogenase ADH2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	39-43
1541390-6	1992	One of the joints between the rDNA and ADH2 DNA is located 7 nucleotides downstream from 20 adenine residues in the normal copy of ADH2.	Adenine	92-99	alcohol dehydrogenase ADH2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	131-135
1734884-4	1992	On the other hand, adenine enhanced ALP activity, bone nodule formation and osteopontin contents in mineralized nodules and also partially reversed DFMTA-induced inhibition of these three markers.	Adenine	19-26	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-87
1729889-2	1992	In this report we describe the identification of a missense mutation at codon 553 (guanine to adenine) in the von Willebrand factor (vWf) gene in affected members of a family with type IIB von Willebrand"s disease (vWd).	Adenine	94-101	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	133-136
1325400-6	1992	radicals with the adenine moiety in polyA results in the formation of two hydroxyl adducts at the positions C-4 [polyA4OH.]	Adenine	18-25	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	108-111
1576959-5	1992	Exogenous hypoxanthine and adenine, which partially inhibited development, were taken up by the embryos and converted to xanthine, most probably by salvage pathways, since the enzyme xanthine oxidase, which converts hypoxanthine directly to xanthine and then to uric acid, could not be detected.	Adenine	27-34	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	183-199
1731723-2	1992	Three members from another family with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa showed a guanine-to-adenine transition mutation in the first nucleotide of codon 182 in the rhodopsin gene that resulted in a glycine to serine change.	Adenine	99-106	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	171-180
1544834-3	1992	All target molecules, except adenosine and guanine, resulted in interaction with RNO2.-, as measured by the decrease in the ipr/ipf ratio in the following order of increasing reactivity: adenine, guanosine, thymine, uracil, uridine, and thymidine (at a metronidazole:target ratio of 1:1).	Adenine	187-194	NLR family pyrin domain containing 12	Homo sapiens	81-85
1764061-3	1991	Their SAA1 gene sequences contained an adenine, as well as the usual guanine, at the position corresponding to the second base of codon 72.	Adenine	39-46	serum amyloid A1	Homo sapiens	6-10
1297773-10	1992	Primer extension analyses indicated that the PDH alpha and beta genes transcription start sites are thymine and adenine residues located 124 and 132 bases upstream from initiation codon in exon 1, respectively.	Adenine	112-119	pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	45-54
1448660-5	1992	Several of these chromosomes carry important genes of adenine metabolism: AK1 and AK3 (adenylate kinase) and MTAP (methylthioadenosine phosphorylase) for chromosome 9; ADK (adenosine kinase) and mitochondrial ATPase for chromosome 10; ADSL (adenylosuccinate lyase) for chromosome 22, NP (nucleoside phosphorylase) for chromosome 14.	Adenine	54-61	adenylate kinase 1	Homo sapiens	74-77
1448660-5	1992	Several of these chromosomes carry important genes of adenine metabolism: AK1 and AK3 (adenylate kinase) and MTAP (methylthioadenosine phosphorylase) for chromosome 9; ADK (adenosine kinase) and mitochondrial ATPase for chromosome 10; ADSL (adenylosuccinate lyase) for chromosome 22, NP (nucleoside phosphorylase) for chromosome 14.	Adenine	54-61	adenylate kinase 3	Homo sapiens	82-85
1448660-5	1992	Several of these chromosomes carry important genes of adenine metabolism: AK1 and AK3 (adenylate kinase) and MTAP (methylthioadenosine phosphorylase) for chromosome 9; ADK (adenosine kinase) and mitochondrial ATPase for chromosome 10; ADSL (adenylosuccinate lyase) for chromosome 22, NP (nucleoside phosphorylase) for chromosome 14.	Adenine	54-61	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	109-113
1448660-5	1992	Several of these chromosomes carry important genes of adenine metabolism: AK1 and AK3 (adenylate kinase) and MTAP (methylthioadenosine phosphorylase) for chromosome 9; ADK (adenosine kinase) and mitochondrial ATPase for chromosome 10; ADSL (adenylosuccinate lyase) for chromosome 22, NP (nucleoside phosphorylase) for chromosome 14.	Adenine	54-61	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	168-171
1448660-5	1992	Several of these chromosomes carry important genes of adenine metabolism: AK1 and AK3 (adenylate kinase) and MTAP (methylthioadenosine phosphorylase) for chromosome 9; ADK (adenosine kinase) and mitochondrial ATPase for chromosome 10; ADSL (adenylosuccinate lyase) for chromosome 22, NP (nucleoside phosphorylase) for chromosome 14.	Adenine	54-61	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	173-189
1448660-5	1992	Several of these chromosomes carry important genes of adenine metabolism: AK1 and AK3 (adenylate kinase) and MTAP (methylthioadenosine phosphorylase) for chromosome 9; ADK (adenosine kinase) and mitochondrial ATPase for chromosome 10; ADSL (adenylosuccinate lyase) for chromosome 22, NP (nucleoside phosphorylase) for chromosome 14.	Adenine	54-61	ATP synthase F1 subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens	195-215
1448660-5	1992	Several of these chromosomes carry important genes of adenine metabolism: AK1 and AK3 (adenylate kinase) and MTAP (methylthioadenosine phosphorylase) for chromosome 9; ADK (adenosine kinase) and mitochondrial ATPase for chromosome 10; ADSL (adenylosuccinate lyase) for chromosome 22, NP (nucleoside phosphorylase) for chromosome 14.	Adenine	54-61	adenylosuccinate lyase	Homo sapiens	241-263
1763330-2	1991	Rap1A was found to form stoichiometric complexes with the cytochrome b558 component of the phagocyte nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase system.	Adenine	114-121	RAP1A, member of RAS oncogene family	Homo sapiens	0-5
1742731-1	1991	U-73,975 (U-73) and U-77,779 (U-77), two analogues of the cyclopropylpyrroloindole antitumor antibiotic CC-1065, are promising novel chemotherapeutic agents which are known to alkylate the N3 position of adenine in a sequence-selective manner.	Adenine	204-211	small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 73A	Homo sapiens	0-4
1747941-5	1991	A guanine to adenine transition at the 35th nucleotide in the H-ras coding sequence (GGA to GAA in the 12 codon) was observed in 67% (10 of 15) of the papillomas examined.	Adenine	13-20	HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase	Rattus norvegicus	62-67
1747941-10	1991	Thus, activation of the H-ras oncogene as a result of guanine to adenine point mutation is a frequent event in esophageal tumors induced by MBN, occurring in 67% of squamous papillomas, but expression of the corresponding mutant ras p21 protein is observed in a much smaller proportion of the tumors in this animal model.	Adenine	65-72	HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase	Rattus norvegicus	24-29
1742731-1	1991	U-73,975 (U-73) and U-77,779 (U-77), two analogues of the cyclopropylpyrroloindole antitumor antibiotic CC-1065, are promising novel chemotherapeutic agents which are known to alkylate the N3 position of adenine in a sequence-selective manner.	Adenine	204-211	small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 77	Homo sapiens	20-28
1742731-1	1991	U-73,975 (U-73) and U-77,779 (U-77), two analogues of the cyclopropylpyrroloindole antitumor antibiotic CC-1065, are promising novel chemotherapeutic agents which are known to alkylate the N3 position of adenine in a sequence-selective manner.	Adenine	204-211	small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 77	Homo sapiens	20-24
1717694-1	1991	We have analyzed the adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) enzyme from Chinese hamster ovary cells through the study of mutants that are able to grow in the presence of the toxic adenine analogue 8-azaadenine.	Adenine	21-28	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Cricetulus griseus	56-60
1769118-1	1991	The discovery of a point-mutation, adenine-to-guanine, at position 985 in the gene coding for MCAD (G985), gave the basis for an easy and specific polymerase chain reaction test.	Adenine	35-42	acyl-CoA dehydrogenase medium chain	Homo sapiens	94-98
1775146-7	1991	The diagnosis could be confirmed by a positive 3-phenylpropionic acid-test and moleculargenetic proof of the Adenine to Guanine mutation at position 985 in the MCAD cDNA (G985) with the polymerase chain reaction.	Adenine	109-116	acyl-CoA dehydrogenase medium chain	Homo sapiens	160-164
1743513-2	1991	Transformation of ade6 mutants with ADE6-carrying centromeric plasmids restored normal, adenine-independent growth behavior in the recipients.	Adenine	88-95	phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	18-22
1743513-2	1991	Transformation of ade6 mutants with ADE6-carrying centromeric plasmids restored normal, adenine-independent growth behavior in the recipients.	Adenine	88-95	phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	36-40
1743513-9	1991	A threefold repression in the amount of the 5-kb ADE6 mRNA is observed when growth medium is supplemented with exogenous adenine.	Adenine	121-128	phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	49-53
1930146-24	1991	The stabilization of the A(anti).G(syn) conformation by protons is consistent with models invoking N1 protonation of adenine.	Adenine	117-124	synemin	Homo sapiens	35-38
1680032-4	1991	A 15 day treatment with DHEA (0.6% in the diet), started after selection, caused a great fall in labeling and mitotic indices of GGT-positive foci, which was prevented by the simultaneous administration of a mixture of four deoxyribonucleosides (DRNs) of adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine or four ribonucleosides (RNs) of adenine, guanine, cytosine and uridine, but not by the corresponding bases.	Adenine	255-262	gamma-glutamyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	129-132
1680032-4	1991	A 15 day treatment with DHEA (0.6% in the diet), started after selection, caused a great fall in labeling and mitotic indices of GGT-positive foci, which was prevented by the simultaneous administration of a mixture of four deoxyribonucleosides (DRNs) of adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine or four ribonucleosides (RNs) of adenine, guanine, cytosine and uridine, but not by the corresponding bases.	Adenine	327-334	gamma-glutamyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	129-132
1654429-10	1991	The adenine analogue, 26, did, however, prove to be a substrate for adenosine deaminase.	Adenine	4-11	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	68-87
1894466-6	1991	In patient 2, a 9-bp directly repeated sequence of 5"-ACCTCCCTC-3" (where A = adenine, C = cytosine, and T = thymine) was found at the boundaries of a deleted segment spanning 7221 bp between the CO1 and ND5 genes.	Adenine	78-85	mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 5	Homo sapiens	204-207
1837984-1	1991	Treatment of reconstituted gizzard actomyosin at 0.15 M or 0.6 M KCl with the fluorescent adenine analog 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole, NBD-Cl, resulted in a significant decrease in the labeling of the myosin from actomyosin compared to that of myosin alone.	Adenine	90-97	OXA1L mitochondrial inner membrane protein	Homo sapiens	129-134
1859469-9	1991	The effects of ADP, AMP, and adenine on cTnI phosphorylation are also described.	Adenine	29-36	troponin I3, cardiac type	Rattus norvegicus	40-44
1895956-1	1991	5"-Methylthioadenosine (MTA) produced during the synthesis of polyamines is degraded to adenine by MTA phosphorylase.	Adenine	88-95	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	99-116
1895956-7	1991	Although adenine is a potent inhibitor of MTA phosphorylase, APRT-deficient patients did not excrete MTA into urine in concentrations significantly larger than noted for control subjects.	Adenine	9-16	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	42-59
1837984-1	1991	Treatment of reconstituted gizzard actomyosin at 0.15 M or 0.6 M KCl with the fluorescent adenine analog 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole, NBD-Cl, resulted in a significant decrease in the labeling of the myosin from actomyosin compared to that of myosin alone.	Adenine	90-97	myosin heavy chain 14	Homo sapiens	39-45
1681910-3	1991	With the appropriate photolabeling procedures and immobilized boronate column chromatography the active site peptides of GDH and LDH involved in the adenine base binding domain have been isolated and sequenced.	Adenine	149-156	glutamate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	121-124
1709880-4	1991	16, 189-262] to probe the accessibility of adenines essential for coat protein binding in the MS2 translational operator [(1983) Biochemistry 22, 2601-2610, 2610-2615, 4723-4730; (1987) Biochemistry 26, 1563-1568].	Adenine	43-51	MS2	Homo sapiens	94-97
2057348-0	1991	Adenine photodimerization in deoxyadenylate sequences: elucidation of the mechanism through structural studies of a major d(ApA) photoproduct.	Adenine	0-7	glutamyl aminopeptidase	Homo sapiens	124-127
2057348-1	1991	The mechanism of the photodimerization of adjacent adenine bases on the same strand of DNA has been elucidated by determining the structure of one of the two major photoproducts that are formed by UV irradiation of the deoxydinucleoside monophosphate d(ApA).	Adenine	51-58	glutamyl aminopeptidase	Homo sapiens	253-256
1851559-1	1991	Adenine residues in DNA are oxidized under the action of ionizing radiation at the C-8 position to give 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoadenine.	Adenine	0-7	homeobox C8	Homo sapiens	83-86
1683188-3	1991	Direct sequencing of the PCR product (kappa-CN EE) showed a substitution of guanine (kappa-CNA,B) by adenine (kappa-CNE) which creates a HaeIII restriction site.	Adenine	101-108	casein kappa	Bos taurus	38-46
1850982-8	1991	The purine phosphoribosyltransferase activity with adenine was highest, about tenfold the HGPRTase activity with hypoxanthine and fivefold that with guanine.	Adenine	51-58	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	90-98
1850982-10	1991	The Km values of APRTase for adenine and PP-Rib-P are 2 and 30 microM, respectively, and the Km values of HGPRTase for hypoxanthine, guanine and PP-Rib-P are less than 1, less than 1 and 15 microM, respectively.	Adenine	29-36	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	17-24
1850982-10	1991	The Km values of APRTase for adenine and PP-Rib-P are 2 and 30 microM, respectively, and the Km values of HGPRTase for hypoxanthine, guanine and PP-Rib-P are less than 1, less than 1 and 15 microM, respectively.	Adenine	29-36	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	106-114
2015827-2	1991	A preliminary study of adenosine binding to phosphoglycerate kinase was made in order to be sure of the nature of the adenine site.	Adenine	118-125	phosphoglycerate kinase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	44-67
1902818-4	1991	All clones sequenced from the patient exhibited a single base substitution from adenine (A) to guanine (G) at position 985 in the MCAD cDNA as the only consistent base-variation compared with control cDNA.	Adenine	80-87	acyl-CoA dehydrogenase medium chain	Homo sapiens	130-134
1868258-2	1991	APRT activity was assayed by a non-radiochemical method in which adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and AMP metabolites produced from a substrate adenine were converted to inosine by alkaline phosphatase and adenosine deaminase.	Adenine	141-148	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-4
1868258-2	1991	APRT activity was assayed by a non-radiochemical method in which adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and AMP metabolites produced from a substrate adenine were converted to inosine by alkaline phosphatase and adenosine deaminase.	Adenine	141-148	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	203-222
16668070-10	1991	Further, nondenaturing isoelectric focusing analysis of APRT activity in leaf extracts indicated that the enzyme activities which metabolize adenine and BA into their corresponding riboside-5"-monophosphate in extracts of wild-type plantlets have the same apparent isoelectric point.	Adenine	141-148	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Arabidopsis thaliana	56-60
1872917-3	1991	A homozygous substitution of adenine for guanine in the fifth exon at cDNA position 818 of the LPL gene was found in both patients.	Adenine	29-36	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	95-98
2063623-2	1991	It was shown that a decrease in the amount of adenine (from 500 to 0 mg l-1) or leucine (from 300 to 0.3 mg l-1) in the medium, simultaneously with the transition from repression to derepression of the biosynthesis of these metabolites, resulted in a 15- to 150-fold increase in the reversion rate of genes ade 2 and leu2, respectively, for different strains.	Adenine	46-53	phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase ADE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	307-312
2063623-2	1991	It was shown that a decrease in the amount of adenine (from 500 to 0 mg l-1) or leucine (from 300 to 0.3 mg l-1) in the medium, simultaneously with the transition from repression to derepression of the biosynthesis of these metabolites, resulted in a 15- to 150-fold increase in the reversion rate of genes ade 2 and leu2, respectively, for different strains.	Adenine	46-53	3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	317-321
1848777-12	1991	NAD+, spin-labeled at N6 of the adenine ring, is an active coenzyme of L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (60% vmax).	Adenine	32-39	enoyl-CoA hydratase and 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	71-104
2063521-10	1991	In mammals, adenine is normally converted to adenylate by the enzyme adenine phosphoribosyltransferase.	Adenine	12-19	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Bos taurus	69-102
2004783-2	1991	The Ade -H mutant is defective in the enzyme adenylosuccinate (AMPS) synthetase (ADSS; EC 6.3.4.4), which carries out the first of a two-step sequence in the biosynthesis of AMP from IMP, and therefore requires exogenous adenine for growth.	Adenine	221-228	adenylosuccinate synthase 2	Homo sapiens	81-85
1846492-6	1991	The mutation of the adenine residue at position 480 of the 5" noncoding region into a guanine residue has been shown to be an important determinant of PV-1 attenuation in monkeys.	Adenine	20-27	plasmalemma vesicle associated protein	Mus musculus	151-155
2260986-4	1990	The above data are consistent with the metabolism of SAM to ATP by a route recently identified by us whereby ATP is formed from deoxyadenosine: namely binding to the enzyme S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase with subsequent release of adenine and further conversion to ATP via APRT.	Adenine	233-240	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	173-205
1987956-1	1991	Ocular findings are presented from 17 unrelated patients with a form of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa and the same cytosine-to-adenine transversion in codon 23 of the rhodopsin gene corresponding to a substitution of histidine for proline in the 23rd amino acid of rhodopsin (designated rhodopsin, Pro-23-His).	Adenine	137-144	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	177-186
2176481-4	1990	Sequence analysis shows that, in both cases, the amyloid subunit starts at position 173 of the mature molecule; it has a heterogeneous N-terminus and contains one amino acid substitution, namely asparagine for aspartic acid, at position 15 (gelsolin residue 187), that is due to a guanine-to-adenine transversion corresponding to nucleotide-654 of human plasma gelsolin cDNA.	Adenine	292-299	gelsolin	Homo sapiens	241-249
2066181-3	1991	Replacement, using site-directed mutagenesis, of the 2 thymidine in the HLA-A3-IRS by adenine and cytidine found at the same positions in the HLA-B7-IRS was sufficient to restore IFN inducibility of the HLA-A3 promoter and efficient interaction with HeLa nuclear factors.	Adenine	86-93	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	179-182
2260986-4	1990	The above data are consistent with the metabolism of SAM to ATP by a route recently identified by us whereby ATP is formed from deoxyadenosine: namely binding to the enzyme S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase with subsequent release of adenine and further conversion to ATP via APRT.	Adenine	233-240	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	275-279
2175344-3	1990	We found a mutation (adenine for guanine) at nucleotide 654 of the gelsolin gene in genomic DNA isolated from five FAF patients.	Adenine	21-28	gelsolin	Homo sapiens	67-75
1979335-7	1990	In 50% of clones amplified from exon 4, a substitution of adenine (ACC) for guanine (GCC) in codon 109 resulted in the replacement of threonine-for-alanine, a mutation confirmed by amino acid sequencing of tryptic peptides derived from purified plasma TTR.	Adenine	58-65	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	252-255
2233711-3	1990	Deletion of the ADE3 gene causes adenine auxotrophy, presumably as a result of the lack of cytoplasmic 10-formyl-THF.	Adenine	33-40	trifunctional formate-tetrahydrofolate ligase/methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase/methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase ADE3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	16-20
2125486-1	1990	Bovine kidney aldose reductase (ALR2) displays substrate inhibition by aldehyde substrates that is uncompetitive versus NADPH when allowance is made for nonenzymic reaction of the aldehyde with the adenine moiety of NADPH.	Adenine	198-205	aldose reductase	Bos taurus	14-30
2125486-1	1990	Bovine kidney aldose reductase (ALR2) displays substrate inhibition by aldehyde substrates that is uncompetitive versus NADPH when allowance is made for nonenzymic reaction of the aldehyde with the adenine moiety of NADPH.	Adenine	198-205	lens aldose reductase pseudogene	Bos taurus	32-36
1975578-2	1990	A yeast strain with a deletion-disruption allele of GDH2 which replaced the wild-type gene grew very poorly with glutamate as a nitrogen source, but growth improved significantly when the strain was also provided with adenine or other nitrogenous compounds whose biosynthesis requires glutamine.	Adenine	218-225	glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD(+))	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	52-56
2208589-4	1990	Data from studies using a modified Maxam-Gilbert DNA sequencing technique demonstrate that L-PAM and CBC, but not HN2, generate heat-labile, alkaline-stabilized adenine adducts at nearly every adenine in a region of a defined DNA template examined.	Adenine	161-168	peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase	Homo sapiens	93-96
2208589-4	1990	Data from studies using a modified Maxam-Gilbert DNA sequencing technique demonstrate that L-PAM and CBC, but not HN2, generate heat-labile, alkaline-stabilized adenine adducts at nearly every adenine in a region of a defined DNA template examined.	Adenine	193-200	peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase	Homo sapiens	93-96
2208589-5	1990	Comparison of sites of L-PAM- and CBC-induced adenine adducts to known sites of drug-induced transcription termination in the same DNA template show that L-PAM- and CBC-induced transcription termination is associated not with drug lesions at single adenines, but rather with drug-induced adducts at neighboring adenines.	Adenine	46-53	peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase	Homo sapiens	25-28
2208589-5	1990	Comparison of sites of L-PAM- and CBC-induced adenine adducts to known sites of drug-induced transcription termination in the same DNA template show that L-PAM- and CBC-induced transcription termination is associated not with drug lesions at single adenines, but rather with drug-induced adducts at neighboring adenines.	Adenine	311-319	peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase	Homo sapiens	25-28
2208589-5	1990	Comparison of sites of L-PAM- and CBC-induced adenine adducts to known sites of drug-induced transcription termination in the same DNA template show that L-PAM- and CBC-induced transcription termination is associated not with drug lesions at single adenines, but rather with drug-induced adducts at neighboring adenines.	Adenine	311-319	peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase	Homo sapiens	156-159
2208589-8	1990	These adducts at pairs of adenines in turn appear to be responsible for L-PAM- and CBC-induced transcription termination in vitro.	Adenine	26-34	peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase	Homo sapiens	74-77
2169605-9	1990	The importance of the unsubstituted N6 position of the adenine moiety is also shown by the similar affinity of both forms of CRP for N6-butyryl cAMP.	Adenine	55-62	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	125-128
2378903-8	1990	Therefore, it was concluded that adenine bases play an important role in the chromogranin A-adenine nucleotide interaction.	Adenine	33-40	chromogranin A	Bos taurus	77-91
2395644-0	1990	Analysis and in vitro localization of internal methylated adenine residues in dihydrofolate reductase mRNA.	Adenine	58-65	dihydrofolate reductase	Mus musculus	78-101
2167321-6	1990	DNase I protection ("footprint") analysis of this region reveals two protein-binding sites: one between position -102 and -115, differing from the consensus sequence of the cAMP-responsive element (CRE) by the substitution of an adenine for a guanine in the middle of the core motif (TGACATCA), and another, located in the first exon (between position +60 and +74), displaying homology to the consensus sequence of the activator protein 2- (AP-2) binding site (CCCCACCCCC).	Adenine	229-236	transcription factor AP-2 alpha	Homo sapiens	419-438
2167321-6	1990	DNase I protection ("footprint") analysis of this region reveals two protein-binding sites: one between position -102 and -115, differing from the consensus sequence of the cAMP-responsive element (CRE) by the substitution of an adenine for a guanine in the middle of the core motif (TGACATCA), and another, located in the first exon (between position +60 and +74), displaying homology to the consensus sequence of the activator protein 2- (AP-2) binding site (CCCCACCCCC).	Adenine	229-236	transcription factor AP-2 alpha	Homo sapiens	441-445
2377599-7	1990	Primer-extension analysis indicated that the PDH beta gene transcription start site is an adenine residue located 132 bases upstream from the initiation codon in exon 1.	Adenine	90-97	pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit beta	Homo sapiens	45-53
2356124-0	1990	Oligonucleotides, part 5+: synthesis and fluorescence studies of DNA oligomers d(AT)5 containing adenines covalently linked at C-8 with dansyl fluorophore.	Adenine	97-105	homeobox C8	Homo sapiens	127-130
1980685-1	1990	An apolipoprotein A-I gene promoter polymorphism, due to an adenine (A) to guanine (G) transition 78 base pairs upstream from the transcription initiation site, was studied by amplification of the corresponding region of the apoA-I gene, DNA sequencing, and allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization.	Adenine	60-67	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	3-21
2375751-7	1990	Echinomycin renders adenine residues in the sequence CGA hyper-reactive to diethyl pyrocarbonate.	Adenine	20-27	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	53-56
1971625-18	1990	The present study also revealed that this Sta individual has a variant GPA gene; substitution of adenine for guanine at the nucleotide for codon 39 results in substitution of lysine for arginine at amino acid 39, and loss of an SstI restriction site.	Adenine	97-104	GCY	Homo sapiens	42-45
1971625-18	1990	The present study also revealed that this Sta individual has a variant GPA gene; substitution of adenine for guanine at the nucleotide for codon 39 results in substitution of lysine for arginine at amino acid 39, and loss of an SstI restriction site.	Adenine	97-104	glycophorin A (MNS blood group)	Homo sapiens	71-74
2356124-1	1990	The synthesis of oligodeoxynucleotides d(AT)5 in which specific adenines are linked at C-8 position with dansyl fluorophores via a variable polymethylene spacer chain are reported.	Adenine	64-72	homeobox C8	Homo sapiens	87-90
2357466-8	1990	Thus the conformation of the adenine and thymine sugars within the oligo(dA) and oligo(dT) strands are different with an abrupt change in sugar puckering occurring at the 5"-ApC (5"-GpT) step.	Adenine	29-36	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	182-185
2162699-9	1990	These results indicate that TdT has a stronger affinity for the adenine base of all of the ribo-, deoxyribo-, and dideoxyribo-nucleoside triphosphates than for the other bases of these nucleotides.	Adenine	64-71	DNA nucleotidylexotransferase	Bos taurus	28-31
2159800-6	1990	This inhibition is not affected by pertussis toxin, nor does neuropeptide Y cause the release of preloaded [3H]adenine from cells into the medium.	Adenine	107-118	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	61-75
2397107-7	1990	The values of APRT in leukemic patients were enhanced when referred to the proteins and those of HGPRT decreased: the Authors propose to complete the study evaluating the intracellular content of adenine and hypoxanthine.	Adenine	196-203	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	14-18
2323343-5	1990	At one end of the drug the amidinium group is in hydrogen-bonded contact with N3 of the adenine base complementary to the thymine of the AAT.	Adenine	88-95	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	137-140
2310395-6	1990	The second-phase Ca2+ response was selectively impaired by adenine (10 mM), procaine (1 mM) or ryanodine (5 to 10 microM).	Adenine	59-66	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	17-20
2153115-3	1990	In human cells, MTA is degraded in one step to adenine and 5-methylthioribose 1-phosphate (MTR-1-P) via MTA phosphorylase.	Adenine	47-54	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	104-121
30260335-2	1990	In the study of spontaneous mutability in adenine auxotrophic strains of the yeast, Saccharomyces, it was shown that when diminishing the adenine concentration in the medium, the transition from repression to derepression of the adenine biosynthesis system is accompanied by a 1.5-2 orders of magnitude increase in the spontaneous mutation rate in the ade2 gene.	Adenine	138-145	phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase ADE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	352-356
30260335-2	1990	In the study of spontaneous mutability in adenine auxotrophic strains of the yeast, Saccharomyces, it was shown that when diminishing the adenine concentration in the medium, the transition from repression to derepression of the adenine biosynthesis system is accompanied by a 1.5-2 orders of magnitude increase in the spontaneous mutation rate in the ade2 gene.	Adenine	138-145	phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase ADE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	352-356
33972798-8	2021	Moreover, adenine-related metabolite supplementation effectively restores BRD4 functionality on purine impairment.	Adenine	10-17	bromodomain containing 4	Homo sapiens	74-78
33779314-5	2021	Pathway enrichment findings showed integrin beta- and fibronectin-encoding genes had distinct expression within the integrin-linked kinase signaling pathway which were up-regulated in 0.2% adenine-fed leptospira-infected mice but not in 0.2% adenine-fed mice, indicating background subclinical leptospiral infection indeed enhanced subsequent secondary nephrotoxic kidney injury and potential pathogenic molecules associated with secondary nephrotoxic leptospirosis.	Adenine	189-196	fibronectin 1	Mus musculus	54-65
33779314-5	2021	Pathway enrichment findings showed integrin beta- and fibronectin-encoding genes had distinct expression within the integrin-linked kinase signaling pathway which were up-regulated in 0.2% adenine-fed leptospira-infected mice but not in 0.2% adenine-fed mice, indicating background subclinical leptospiral infection indeed enhanced subsequent secondary nephrotoxic kidney injury and potential pathogenic molecules associated with secondary nephrotoxic leptospirosis.	Adenine	189-196	integrin linked kinase	Mus musculus	116-138
33779314-5	2021	Pathway enrichment findings showed integrin beta- and fibronectin-encoding genes had distinct expression within the integrin-linked kinase signaling pathway which were up-regulated in 0.2% adenine-fed leptospira-infected mice but not in 0.2% adenine-fed mice, indicating background subclinical leptospiral infection indeed enhanced subsequent secondary nephrotoxic kidney injury and potential pathogenic molecules associated with secondary nephrotoxic leptospirosis.	Adenine	242-249	fibronectin 1	Mus musculus	54-65
33779314-5	2021	Pathway enrichment findings showed integrin beta- and fibronectin-encoding genes had distinct expression within the integrin-linked kinase signaling pathway which were up-regulated in 0.2% adenine-fed leptospira-infected mice but not in 0.2% adenine-fed mice, indicating background subclinical leptospiral infection indeed enhanced subsequent secondary nephrotoxic kidney injury and potential pathogenic molecules associated with secondary nephrotoxic leptospirosis.	Adenine	242-249	integrin linked kinase	Mus musculus	116-138
33779314-6	2021	Comparative analysis of gene-expression patterns with UUO-induced mouse renal fibrosis and patients with chronic kidney disease showed that differentially expressed orthologous genes such as hemoglobin alpha, PDZ binding kinase and DNA topoisomerase II alpha were identified in infected mice fed with low-dose and high-dose adenine, respectively, revealing differentially expressed signatures identical to those found in the datasets and may serve as markers of aggravated kidney progression.	Adenine	324-331	PDZ binding kinase	Homo sapiens	209-227
33972798-9	2021	Our study highlights the specific role of purine/adenine metabolism in modulating BRD4-dependent epigenetic states.	Adenine	49-56	bromodomain containing 4	Homo sapiens	82-86
34947939-6	2021	Adenine pretreatment significantly reduced the expression of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) proteins, and protein disulfide isomerase induced a protective effect on mitochondria after HR stimulation.	Adenine	0-7	activating transcription factor 4	Rattus norvegicus	61-94
33819967-3	2021	Several publications have explored the relationship between cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) +49 adenine (A)/guanine (G) polymorphism and susceptibility of lung cancer, but the results remain controversial.	Adenine	106-113	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	60-92
33762974-12	2020	Among PWS, higher ADE-P-T181-tau levels were associated with less severe negative symptoms and increased F2-isoprostane levels.	Adenine	18-21	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	29-32
32859011-4	2020	Germ-free mice showed higher expression levels of purine-metabolizing enzymes such as xanthine dehydrogenase, which converts adenine to a nephrotoxic byproduct 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (2,8-DHA).	Adenine	125-132	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	86-108
17620072-6	2007	The serum IL-5 concentration was higher in the ADe than that in the ADi patients without any correlation with the rs2522411SNP.	Adenine	47-50	interleukin 5	Homo sapiens	10-14
33810228-0	2021	A Simple, Fast and Portable Method for Electrochemical Detection of Adenine Released by Ricin Enzymatic Activity.	Adenine	68-75	Fas activated serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	10-14
32797898-5	2020	KRAS gene is easily recognized and the site-specific mutation of guanine (G) to adenine (A), thymine (T) or cytosine (C) is accurately screened.	Adenine	80-87	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	0-4
34958913-7	2022	The elevations of calcium content in serum and valve, and calcium accumulation in valve and artery were suppressed by emodin in mice with valvular calcification after joint treatment with adenine and Vit D. In addition, p-AKT and p-FOXO1 were upregulated in PAVICs under high-calcium conditions, and this effect was reversed by emodin treatment.	Adenine	188-195	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	222-225
34958913-7	2022	The elevations of calcium content in serum and valve, and calcium accumulation in valve and artery were suppressed by emodin in mice with valvular calcification after joint treatment with adenine and Vit D. In addition, p-AKT and p-FOXO1 were upregulated in PAVICs under high-calcium conditions, and this effect was reversed by emodin treatment.	Adenine	188-195	forkhead box O1	Mus musculus	232-237
34936958-9	2022	The metabolomics analyses have shown that in the group with higher drip loss from muscle tissue the increase of metabolism of energy transformations taking place in muscle tissue after slaughter was observed and that differences between groups are related to 11 metabolic pathways, mainly carbohydrate metabolism (glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway) adenine and adenosine salvage, adenosine nucleotides degradation, arsenate detoxification, methylglyoxal degradation.	Adenine	370-377	DL	Gallus gallus	67-76
34870453-7	2022	Consistently, SMC-specific XBP1 deficiency in mice markedly aggravated the adenine diet- and 5/6 nephrectomy-induced vascular calcification compared with that in the control littermates.	Adenine	75-82	X-box binding protein 1	Mus musculus	27-31
34737067-5	2022	Using adenine base editors we eliminated the start codon in CCR5 in up to 95% of primary human CD4+ T cell and up to 88% of CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell target alleles.	Adenine	6-13	C-C motif chemokine receptor 5	Homo sapiens	60-64
34737067-5	2022	Using adenine base editors we eliminated the start codon in CCR5 in up to 95% of primary human CD4+ T cell and up to 88% of CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell target alleles.	Adenine	6-13	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	95-98
34889472-4	2022	PT is a sesquiterpenoid responsible for alkylation of adenine of codon 61 of gene H-Ras, which results in Glutamine 61 substitution that is essential for guanosine triphosphate (GTP) hydrolysis.	Adenine	54-61	HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase	Bos taurus	82-87
34970419-4	2021	MUTYH with adenine DNA glycosylase activity excises adenine inserted opposite 8-oxoguanine in DNA.	Adenine	11-18	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	0-5
34970419-4	2021	MUTYH with adenine DNA glycosylase activity excises adenine inserted opposite 8-oxoguanine in DNA.	Adenine	52-59	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	0-5
34947939-6	2021	Adenine pretreatment significantly reduced the expression of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) proteins, and protein disulfide isomerase induced a protective effect on mitochondria after HR stimulation.	Adenine	0-7	activating transcription factor 4	Rattus norvegicus	96-100
34947939-6	2021	Adenine pretreatment significantly reduced the expression of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) proteins, and protein disulfide isomerase induced a protective effect on mitochondria after HR stimulation.	Adenine	0-7	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Rattus norvegicus	106-134
34947939-6	2021	Adenine pretreatment significantly reduced the expression of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) proteins, and protein disulfide isomerase induced a protective effect on mitochondria after HR stimulation.	Adenine	0-7	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Rattus norvegicus	136-141
34947939-7	2021	Intracellular adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARdelta), and perilipin levels were increased by adenine after HR stimulation.	Adenine	165-172	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta	Rattus norvegicus	64-112
34947939-7	2021	Intracellular adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARdelta), and perilipin levels were increased by adenine after HR stimulation.	Adenine	165-172	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta	Rattus norvegicus	114-123
34086966-1	2021	MettL3-MettL14 methyltransferase complex has been studied widely for its role in RNA adenine methylation.	Adenine	85-92	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	0-6
34086966-1	2021	MettL3-MettL14 methyltransferase complex has been studied widely for its role in RNA adenine methylation.	Adenine	85-92	methyltransferase 14, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase subunit	Homo sapiens	7-14
34867380-13	2021	We found that TLR4 and phospho-NF-kappaB (p-p65 and p-IKbetaalpha) expression was significantly upregulated in adenine-induced CKD rats, then partially downregulated by BYF.	Adenine	111-118	toll-like receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
34867380-13	2021	We found that TLR4 and phospho-NF-kappaB (p-p65 and p-IKbetaalpha) expression was significantly upregulated in adenine-induced CKD rats, then partially downregulated by BYF.	Adenine	111-118	synaptotagmin 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-47
34695289-0	2021	Efficient A T to G C Base Conversions in Dicots Using Adenine Base Editors Expressed under the Tomato EF1alpha Promoter.	Adenine	54-61	elongation factor 1-alpha	Solanum lycopersicum	102-110
34859840-0	2021	Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids alleviate adenine-induced chronic renal failure via regulating ROS production and TGF-beta/SMAD pathway.	Adenine	46-53	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	118-126
34859840-1	2021	The article "Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids alleviate adenine-induced chronic renal failure via regulating ROS production and TGF-beta/SMAD pathway", by J. Xu, Z.-P. Feng, H.-Y.	Adenine	59-66	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	131-139
34764970-6	2021	In Arabidopsis, we applied the adenine base editor (ABE) and cytosine base editor (CBE) to induce semi-random base substitutions within several selected FAD2 coding regions.	Adenine	31-38	fatty acid desaturase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	153-157
34516993-4	2021	MAIN METHODS: In the study, we used the mixture of adenine and potassium oxonate to perform kidney injury and fibrosis in hyperuricemic mice, accompanied by STAT3 activation in tubular and interstitial cells.	Adenine	51-58	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	157-162
34217893-0	2021	Adenine Base Editing Reduces Misfolded Protein Accumulation and Toxicity in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficient Patient iPSC-Hepatocytes.	Adenine	0-7	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	76-95
34727004-0	2021	Adenine-related compounds modulate UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) activity in mouse liver microsomes.	Adenine	0-7	solute carrier family 35 (UDP-galactose transporter), member A2	Mus musculus	35-62
34727004-0	2021	Adenine-related compounds modulate UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) activity in mouse liver microsomes.	Adenine	0-7	solute carrier family 35 (UDP-galactose transporter), member A2	Mus musculus	64-67
34727004-1	2021	Adenine-related compounds are allosteric inhibitors of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) in rat liver microsomes (RLM) and human UGT isoforms treated with detergent or pore-forming peptide, alamethicin.To clarify whether the same is true beyond species, the effects of adenine-related compounds on 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) glucuronidation were examined using detergent-treated mouse liver microsomes (MLM).Brij-58 treatment of MLM increased the Vmax and the Michaelis constant, Km, of 4-MU.	Adenine	0-7	UDP glycosyltransferase 2 family, polypeptide B	Rattus norvegicus	55-82
34727004-1	2021	Adenine-related compounds are allosteric inhibitors of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) in rat liver microsomes (RLM) and human UGT isoforms treated with detergent or pore-forming peptide, alamethicin.To clarify whether the same is true beyond species, the effects of adenine-related compounds on 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) glucuronidation were examined using detergent-treated mouse liver microsomes (MLM).Brij-58 treatment of MLM increased the Vmax and the Michaelis constant, Km, of 4-MU.	Adenine	0-7	UDP glycosyltransferase 2 family, polypeptide B	Rattus norvegicus	84-87
34385182-1	2021	Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) is a key enzyme associated with the salvage of methionine and adenine that is deficient in 20%-30% of pancreatic cancer.	Adenine	103-110	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	0-33
34609840-6	2021	Then the DTN nanosystem greatly improves the sensitivity and repeatability of Raman detection by converting trace targets into numerous adenines residing in the electromagnetic hot spot of the CS structure.	Adenine	136-144	citrate synthase	Homo sapiens	193-195
34520545-0	2021	Functional correction of CFTR mutations in human airway epithelial cells using adenine base editors.	Adenine	79-86	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	25-29
34385182-1	2021	Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) is a key enzyme associated with the salvage of methionine and adenine that is deficient in 20%-30% of pancreatic cancer.	Adenine	103-110	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	35-39
34415160-2	2021	This compound contained an estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha)-binding ligand and a DNA-binding/methylating component that could selectively methylate the N3-position of adenines at adenine-thymine rich regions of DNA.	Adenine	168-176	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	27-50
34309734-8	2021	The Arg auxotrophic cancerous cells like hepatocellular carcinoma, human colon cancer, leukemia, and breast cancer cells are sensitive to ADE treatment due to low expression of crucial enzymes argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS), argininosuccinate lyase (ASL), and ornithine transcarbamylase (OCT).	Adenine	138-141	argininosuccinate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	193-221
34309734-8	2021	The Arg auxotrophic cancerous cells like hepatocellular carcinoma, human colon cancer, leukemia, and breast cancer cells are sensitive to ADE treatment due to low expression of crucial enzymes argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS), argininosuccinate lyase (ASL), and ornithine transcarbamylase (OCT).	Adenine	138-141	argininosuccinate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	223-226
34309734-8	2021	The Arg auxotrophic cancerous cells like hepatocellular carcinoma, human colon cancer, leukemia, and breast cancer cells are sensitive to ADE treatment due to low expression of crucial enzymes argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS), argininosuccinate lyase (ASL), and ornithine transcarbamylase (OCT).	Adenine	138-141	argininosuccinate lyase	Homo sapiens	229-252
34309734-8	2021	The Arg auxotrophic cancerous cells like hepatocellular carcinoma, human colon cancer, leukemia, and breast cancer cells are sensitive to ADE treatment due to low expression of crucial enzymes argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS), argininosuccinate lyase (ASL), and ornithine transcarbamylase (OCT).	Adenine	138-141	argininosuccinate lyase	Homo sapiens	254-257
34309734-8	2021	The Arg auxotrophic cancerous cells like hepatocellular carcinoma, human colon cancer, leukemia, and breast cancer cells are sensitive to ADE treatment due to low expression of crucial enzymes argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS), argininosuccinate lyase (ASL), and ornithine transcarbamylase (OCT).	Adenine	138-141	ornithine transcarbamylase	Homo sapiens	264-290
34309734-8	2021	The Arg auxotrophic cancerous cells like hepatocellular carcinoma, human colon cancer, leukemia, and breast cancer cells are sensitive to ADE treatment due to low expression of crucial enzymes argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS), argininosuccinate lyase (ASL), and ornithine transcarbamylase (OCT).	Adenine	138-141	plexin A2	Homo sapiens	292-295
34329596-1	2021	Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) is often caused by an adenine to guanine variant at m.3243 (m.3243A>G) of the MT-TL1 gene.	Adenine	105-112	mitochondrially encoded tRNA leucine 1 (UUA/G)	Homo sapiens	161-167
34355294-5	2021	We found in controls that adenine feeding and UUO caused marked upregulations of endothelin-1 (ET-1) gene expression in endothelial and in tubular cells and a strong upregulation of ETA-receptor (ETA-R) gene expression in interstitial and mesangial cells, while the gene expression of ETB-receptor (ETB-R) did not change.	Adenine	26-33	endothelin 1	Mus musculus	81-93
34355294-5	2021	We found in controls that adenine feeding and UUO caused marked upregulations of endothelin-1 (ET-1) gene expression in endothelial and in tubular cells and a strong upregulation of ETA-receptor (ETA-R) gene expression in interstitial and mesangial cells, while the gene expression of ETB-receptor (ETB-R) did not change.	Adenine	26-33	endothelin 1	Mus musculus	95-99
34355294-5	2021	We found in controls that adenine feeding and UUO caused marked upregulations of endothelin-1 (ET-1) gene expression in endothelial and in tubular cells and a strong upregulation of ETA-receptor (ETA-R) gene expression in interstitial and mesangial cells, while the gene expression of ETB-receptor (ETB-R) did not change.	Adenine	26-33	endothelin receptor type A	Mus musculus	182-194
34355294-5	2021	We found in controls that adenine feeding and UUO caused marked upregulations of endothelin-1 (ET-1) gene expression in endothelial and in tubular cells and a strong upregulation of ETA-receptor (ETA-R) gene expression in interstitial and mesangial cells, while the gene expression of ETB-receptor (ETB-R) did not change.	Adenine	26-33	endothelin receptor type A	Mus musculus	196-201
34355294-9	2021	In summary, our findings suggest that adenine feeding and UUO activate endothelin signaling in interstitial cells which is due to upregulated ETA-R expression and enhanced renal ET-1 production Our data also suggest that the activation of endothelin signaling in interstitial cells has less impact for the development of experimentally induced fibrosis.	Adenine	38-45	endothelin receptor type A	Mus musculus	142-147
34355294-9	2021	In summary, our findings suggest that adenine feeding and UUO activate endothelin signaling in interstitial cells which is due to upregulated ETA-R expression and enhanced renal ET-1 production Our data also suggest that the activation of endothelin signaling in interstitial cells has less impact for the development of experimentally induced fibrosis.	Adenine	38-45	endothelin 1	Mus musculus	178-182
34415160-2	2021	This compound contained an estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha)-binding ligand and a DNA-binding/methylating component that could selectively methylate the N3-position of adenines at adenine-thymine rich regions of DNA.	Adenine	168-176	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	52-59
34415160-2	2021	This compound contained an estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha)-binding ligand and a DNA-binding/methylating component that could selectively methylate the N3-position of adenines at adenine-thymine rich regions of DNA.	Adenine	180-187	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	27-50
34415160-2	2021	This compound contained an estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha)-binding ligand and a DNA-binding/methylating component that could selectively methylate the N3-position of adenines at adenine-thymine rich regions of DNA.	Adenine	180-187	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	52-59
34302451-4	2021	Sequencing results revealed novel variant of guanine (G) into adenine (A) in the 7th (AGAT) repeats in the core repeat region accompanied by rs1187948322 in the samples with null allele 12.	Adenine	62-69	glycine amidinotransferase	Homo sapiens	86-90
34577560-0	2021	Adenine Inhibits the Invasive Potential of DLD-1 Human Colorectal Cancer Cell via the AMPK/FAK Axis.	Adenine	0-7	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	86-90
34435306-1	2021	PURPOSE: This study aims to understand the effect of salvage enzyme activity on the saturable kinetics of facilitated cellular uptake of purine nucleobase by developing a cellular kinetic model incorporating equilibrative nucleobase transporter 1 (ENBT1) and adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT), with adenine as a model nucleobase.	Adenine	306-313	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	259-292
34435306-1	2021	PURPOSE: This study aims to understand the effect of salvage enzyme activity on the saturable kinetics of facilitated cellular uptake of purine nucleobase by developing a cellular kinetic model incorporating equilibrative nucleobase transporter 1 (ENBT1) and adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT), with adenine as a model nucleobase.	Adenine	306-313	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	294-298
34435306-2	2021	METHODS: A cellular kinetic model incorporating the functions of ENBT1 and APRT was developed using Napp software and employed for model-based analysis of the cellular disposition of adenine.	Adenine	183-190	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	75-79
34435306-4	2021	At a long experimental time, the model shows that uptake of adenine is rate-limited by APRT, enabling determination of the Km value for APRT.	Adenine	60-67	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	87-91
34435306-4	2021	At a long experimental time, the model shows that uptake of adenine is rate-limited by APRT, enabling determination of the Km value for APRT.	Adenine	60-67	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	136-140
34577560-9	2021	Adenine decreased the integrin alphaV level and reduced the activation of integrin-associated signaling components, including focal adhesion kinase (FAK), paxillin, and Src in DLD-1 cells.	Adenine	0-7	paxillin	Homo sapiens	155-163
34577560-0	2021	Adenine Inhibits the Invasive Potential of DLD-1 Human Colorectal Cancer Cell via the AMPK/FAK Axis.	Adenine	0-7	protein tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	91-94
34577560-9	2021	Adenine decreased the integrin alphaV level and reduced the activation of integrin-associated signaling components, including focal adhesion kinase (FAK), paxillin, and Src in DLD-1 cells.	Adenine	0-7	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	169-172
34577560-10	2021	Further observations showed that adenine induced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and inhibited mTOR phosphorylation in DLD-1 cells.	Adenine	33-40	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	49-77
34577560-8	2021	We further observed that adenine downregulated the protein levels of tissue plasminogen activator, matrix metalloproteinase-9, Snail, TWIST, and vimentin, but upregulated the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 expression in DLD-1 cells.	Adenine	25-32	chromosome 20 open reading frame 181	Homo sapiens	69-97
34577560-10	2021	Further observations showed that adenine induced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and inhibited mTOR phosphorylation in DLD-1 cells.	Adenine	33-40	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	79-83
34577560-10	2021	Further observations showed that adenine induced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and inhibited mTOR phosphorylation in DLD-1 cells.	Adenine	33-40	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	110-114
34577560-11	2021	The knockdown of AMPK restored the reduced integrin alphaV level and FAK/paxillin/Src signaling inhibited by adenine in DLD-1 cells.	Adenine	109-116	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	17-21
34577560-8	2021	We further observed that adenine downregulated the protein levels of tissue plasminogen activator, matrix metalloproteinase-9, Snail, TWIST, and vimentin, but upregulated the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 expression in DLD-1 cells.	Adenine	25-32	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	99-125
34577560-8	2021	We further observed that adenine downregulated the protein levels of tissue plasminogen activator, matrix metalloproteinase-9, Snail, TWIST, and vimentin, but upregulated the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 expression in DLD-1 cells.	Adenine	25-32	snail family transcriptional repressor 1	Homo sapiens	127-132
34577560-8	2021	We further observed that adenine downregulated the protein levels of tissue plasminogen activator, matrix metalloproteinase-9, Snail, TWIST, and vimentin, but upregulated the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 expression in DLD-1 cells.	Adenine	25-32	twist family bHLH transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	134-139
34577560-8	2021	We further observed that adenine downregulated the protein levels of tissue plasminogen activator, matrix metalloproteinase-9, Snail, TWIST, and vimentin, but upregulated the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 expression in DLD-1 cells.	Adenine	25-32	vimentin	Homo sapiens	145-153
34577560-11	2021	The knockdown of AMPK restored the reduced integrin alphaV level and FAK/paxillin/Src signaling inhibited by adenine in DLD-1 cells.	Adenine	109-116	protein tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	69-72
34577560-11	2021	The knockdown of AMPK restored the reduced integrin alphaV level and FAK/paxillin/Src signaling inhibited by adenine in DLD-1 cells.	Adenine	109-116	paxillin	Homo sapiens	73-81
34577560-9	2021	Adenine decreased the integrin alphaV level and reduced the activation of integrin-associated signaling components, including focal adhesion kinase (FAK), paxillin, and Src in DLD-1 cells.	Adenine	0-7	protein tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	126-147
34577560-11	2021	The knockdown of AMPK restored the reduced integrin alphaV level and FAK/paxillin/Src signaling inhibited by adenine in DLD-1 cells.	Adenine	109-116	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	82-85
34577560-12	2021	Collectively, these findings reveal that adenine reduces the invasion potential of DLD-1 cells through the AMPK/integrin/FAK axis, suggesting that adenine may have anti-metastatic potential in CRC cells.	Adenine	41-48	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	107-111
34577560-9	2021	Adenine decreased the integrin alphaV level and reduced the activation of integrin-associated signaling components, including focal adhesion kinase (FAK), paxillin, and Src in DLD-1 cells.	Adenine	0-7	protein tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	149-152
34577560-12	2021	Collectively, these findings reveal that adenine reduces the invasion potential of DLD-1 cells through the AMPK/integrin/FAK axis, suggesting that adenine may have anti-metastatic potential in CRC cells.	Adenine	41-48	protein tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	121-124
34413390-7	2021	Renal ACE2 expression was significantly reduced in adenine mice and AA mice; pulmonary expression was unaffected.	Adenine	51-58	angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 2	Mus musculus	6-10
34577560-12	2021	Collectively, these findings reveal that adenine reduces the invasion potential of DLD-1 cells through the AMPK/integrin/FAK axis, suggesting that adenine may have anti-metastatic potential in CRC cells.	Adenine	147-154	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	107-111
34577560-12	2021	Collectively, these findings reveal that adenine reduces the invasion potential of DLD-1 cells through the AMPK/integrin/FAK axis, suggesting that adenine may have anti-metastatic potential in CRC cells.	Adenine	147-154	protein tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	121-124
34466002-7	2021	Further modifications on the adenine base of AMPCP improved the potency due to forming stronger interactions with CD73 protein.	Adenine	29-36	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	114-118
34938600-2	2021	In this study, a unique synonymous mutation (c.258 A > G) of the IGF-1 gene was modified with an adenine base editor to observe the growth and developmental situation of mutant mice.	Adenine	97-104	insulin-like growth factor 1	Mus musculus	65-70
34354064-5	2021	Only the synergy of binding of adenine and of 30S ribosome, in particular protein rS1, induces complete opening of the translation initiation region.	Adenine	31-38	retinoschisin 1	Rattus norvegicus	82-85
34076541-3	2021	Comparison of spectra measured at pH 7 with data obtained pH 10 and pH 3 shows characteristic changes when pH is increased or lowered, mainly due to deprotonation of the flavin and nicotinamide moieties, and protonation of the adenine, respectively.	Adenine	227-234	phenylalanine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	34-36
34076541-3	2021	Comparison of spectra measured at pH 7 with data obtained pH 10 and pH 3 shows characteristic changes when pH is increased or lowered, mainly due to deprotonation of the flavin and nicotinamide moieties, and protonation of the adenine, respectively.	Adenine	227-234	phenylalanine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	58-60
34076541-3	2021	Comparison of spectra measured at pH 7 with data obtained pH 10 and pH 3 shows characteristic changes when pH is increased or lowered, mainly due to deprotonation of the flavin and nicotinamide moieties, and protonation of the adenine, respectively.	Adenine	227-234	phenylalanine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	68-70
34076541-3	2021	Comparison of spectra measured at pH 7 with data obtained pH 10 and pH 3 shows characteristic changes when pH is increased or lowered, mainly due to deprotonation of the flavin and nicotinamide moieties, and protonation of the adenine, respectively.	Adenine	227-234	phenylalanine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	107-109
34240779-6	2021	RESULTS: The splicing sites of PKM, a 5" donor site of GT and a 3" acceptor site of AG, were efficiently mutated by cytosine base editor (CBE; BE4max) and adenine base editor (ABE; ABEmax-NG) with guide RNAs (gRNAs) targeting the splicing sites flanking exons 9 and 10 in HCT116 cells and/or zebrafish embryos.	Adenine	155-162	pyruvate kinase M1/2	Homo sapiens	31-34
34142156-1	2021	Mammalian MutY homologue (MUTYH) is an adenine DNA glycosylase that excises adenine inserted opposite 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG).	Adenine	39-46	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	26-31
34406036-0	2021	Fast and Efficient Generation of Isogenic Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines Using Adenine Base Editing.	Adenine	84-91	Fas activated serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-4
34406036-6	2021	Here, we describe a simple and fast workflow to generate isogenic iPSCs efficiently with a compound heterozygous or a homozygous Wolfram syndrome 1 (WFS1) mutation using adenine BE, without the need to include a genomic selection cassette and without off-target modifications.	Adenine	170-177	Fas activated serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	31-35
34406036-6	2021	Here, we describe a simple and fast workflow to generate isogenic iPSCs efficiently with a compound heterozygous or a homozygous Wolfram syndrome 1 (WFS1) mutation using adenine BE, without the need to include a genomic selection cassette and without off-target modifications.	Adenine	170-177	wolframin ER transmembrane glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	129-147
34406036-6	2021	Here, we describe a simple and fast workflow to generate isogenic iPSCs efficiently with a compound heterozygous or a homozygous Wolfram syndrome 1 (WFS1) mutation using adenine BE, without the need to include a genomic selection cassette and without off-target modifications.	Adenine	170-177	wolframin ER transmembrane glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	149-153
34267822-5	2021	Metabolomic analysis demonstrated that cellular adenine levels were >30-fold higher in HSP60-knockdown cells than in control cells.	Adenine	48-55	heat shock protein family D (Hsp60) member 1	Homo sapiens	87-92
34267822-6	2021	It was further confirmed that elevated adenine activated the AMPK signaling pathway, which inhibited mTOR-regulated protein synthesis to slow down cell proliferation.	Adenine	39-46	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	61-65
34267822-6	2021	It was further confirmed that elevated adenine activated the AMPK signaling pathway, which inhibited mTOR-regulated protein synthesis to slow down cell proliferation.	Adenine	39-46	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	101-105
34257302-3	2021	We assessed in utero adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) delivery of an adenine base editor (ABE) targeting the Idua G A (W392X) mutation in the MPS-IH mouse, corresponding to the common IDUA G A (W402X) mutation in MPS-IH patients.	Adenine	77-84	alpha-L-iduronidase	Homo sapiens	117-121
34257302-3	2021	We assessed in utero adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) delivery of an adenine base editor (ABE) targeting the Idua G A (W392X) mutation in the MPS-IH mouse, corresponding to the common IDUA G A (W402X) mutation in MPS-IH patients.	Adenine	77-84	iduronidase, alpha-L	Mus musculus	192-196
34271976-0	2021	Mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate renal fibrosis by galectin-3/Akt/GSK3beta/Snail signaling pathway in adenine-induced nephropathy rat.	Adenine	103-110	galectin 3	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
34142156-1	2021	Mammalian MutY homologue (MUTYH) is an adenine DNA glycosylase that excises adenine inserted opposite 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG).	Adenine	76-83	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	26-31
34180379-1	2021	Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a disease resulting from mutation in the globin portion of hemoglobin caused by the replacement of adenine for thymine in the codon of the beta globin gene.	Adenine	128-135	hemoglobin subunit beta	Homo sapiens	168-179
34225823-9	2021	Based on our present and previous observations, we propose that oxidative stress under conditions of mismatch repair deficiency accelerates the induction of single-adenine deletions at specific sites in oncogenes, which enhances tumorigenesis in a synergistic manner with G-to-A transition in other oncogenes (e.g., Ctnnb1).	Adenine	164-171	catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1	Mus musculus	316-322
34472450-0	2021	Adropin and spexin hormones regulate the systemic inflammation in adenine-induced chronic kidney failure in rat.	Adenine	66-73	energy homeostasis associated	Rattus norvegicus	0-7
34472450-0	2021	Adropin and spexin hormones regulate the systemic inflammation in adenine-induced chronic kidney failure in rat.	Adenine	66-73	spexin hormone	Rattus norvegicus	12-18
34484861-0	2021	Adenine base editing of the DUX4 polyadenylation signal for targeted genetic therapy in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.	Adenine	0-7	double homeobox 4	Homo sapiens	28-32
34108522-8	2021	Myeloid TF deletion reduced tubular injury and pro-inflammatory gene expression in the kidneys of adenine-induced CKD but did not improve renal function as measured by plasma creatinine or blood urea nitrogen.	Adenine	98-105	coagulation factor III	Mus musculus	8-10
34103421-8	2021	We found that NAMPT inhibition reduced NAD+ concentrations below a critical threshold that resulted in depletion of adenine, which was the metabolic trigger that primed TNBC cells for apoptosis.	Adenine	116-123	nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	14-19
34484861-4	2021	In this study, we present a simple and straightforward strategy for mutagenesis of the somatic DUX4 polyadenylation signal by adenine base editing in immortalized myoblasts derived from independent FSHD-affected individuals.	Adenine	126-133	double homeobox 4	Homo sapiens	95-99
34093133-2	2021	N 6-methyladenosine (m6A), the addition of methyl groups to adenine residues, is the most abundant and well understood RNA modification.	Adenine	60-67	methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	21-24
34070807-4	2021	Rats given adenine showed the typical signs of CKD that included detrimental changes in several physiological and traditional and novel biochemical biomarkers in plasma urine and kidney homogenates such as albumin/creatinine ratio, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, 8-isoprostane, adiponectin, cystatin C, as well as plasma urea, creatinine, uric acid, indoxyl sulfate, calcium, and phosphorus.	Adenine	11-18	O-GlcNAcase	Rattus norvegicus	232-263
34070807-4	2021	Rats given adenine showed the typical signs of CKD that included detrimental changes in several physiological and traditional and novel biochemical biomarkers in plasma urine and kidney homogenates such as albumin/creatinine ratio, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, 8-isoprostane, adiponectin, cystatin C, as well as plasma urea, creatinine, uric acid, indoxyl sulfate, calcium, and phosphorus.	Adenine	11-18	lipocalin 2	Rattus norvegicus	265-307
34070807-4	2021	Rats given adenine showed the typical signs of CKD that included detrimental changes in several physiological and traditional and novel biochemical biomarkers in plasma urine and kidney homogenates such as albumin/creatinine ratio, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, 8-isoprostane, adiponectin, cystatin C, as well as plasma urea, creatinine, uric acid, indoxyl sulfate, calcium, and phosphorus.	Adenine	11-18	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	324-335
34070807-4	2021	Rats given adenine showed the typical signs of CKD that included detrimental changes in several physiological and traditional and novel biochemical biomarkers in plasma urine and kidney homogenates such as albumin/creatinine ratio, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, 8-isoprostane, adiponectin, cystatin C, as well as plasma urea, creatinine, uric acid, indoxyl sulfate, calcium, and phosphorus.	Adenine	11-18	cystatin C	Rattus norvegicus	337-347
34069103-6	2021	Apt plays a role in both adenine metabolism and accumulation and both MM66 VISA grew better than MM66 in the presence of adenine or 2-fluoroadenine indicating a reduction in the accumulation of these growth inhibiting compounds in the VISA strains.	Adenine	25-32	AT695_RS09340	Staphylococcus aureus	0-3
34069103-6	2021	Apt plays a role in both adenine metabolism and accumulation and both MM66 VISA grew better than MM66 in the presence of adenine or 2-fluoroadenine indicating a reduction in the accumulation of these growth inhibiting compounds in the VISA strains.	Adenine	121-128	AT695_RS09340	Staphylococcus aureus	0-3
35398633-7	2022	Adenine worked as an internal marker for detecting human apolipoprotein A4 by using label-free SERS method.	Adenine	0-7	apolipoprotein A4	Homo sapiens	57-74
35367329-9	2022	During the experimental validations, BYF improved renal impairment and alleviated fibrosis by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling activity in the kidney of adenine-induced CKD model rats.	Adenine	154-161	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	114-117
35367329-10	2022	Moreover, increased PI3K/AKT signaling activation was associated with fibrotic phenotype changes in adenine-induced CKD rats and TGFbeta1-induced HK-2 cells.	Adenine	100-107	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	25-28
35358480-8	2022	We also found that the presence of adenine at base 1642 is associated with the NAT1*10 haplotype.	Adenine	35-42	N-acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	79-83
35504278-4	2022	Comparison of nucleobase recognition with 660 kinases and 128 G proteins has uncovered that most kinases and PI5P4Kbeta use their main-chain atoms for adenine recognition, while the side-chain atoms are required for guanine recognition.	Adenine	151-158	phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase type 2 alpha	Homo sapiens	109-119
35466439-0	2022	Identification of 9H-purin-6-amine derivatives as novel aldose reductase inhibitors for the treatment of diabetic complications.	Adenine	18-34	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B	Homo sapiens	56-72
35430564-2	2022	5-Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) plays a principal role as an enzyme in the methionine-salvage pathway, which produces methionine and adenine from methylthioadenosine and is deleted in 27.5% to 37.5% of osteosarcoma patients.	Adenine	144-151	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	0-35
35430564-2	2022	5-Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) plays a principal role as an enzyme in the methionine-salvage pathway, which produces methionine and adenine from methylthioadenosine and is deleted in 27.5% to 37.5% of osteosarcoma patients.	Adenine	144-151	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	37-41
35227692-4	2022	MFN1 and MFN2 were found to be suppressed in mice after adenine diet-induced chronic kidney disease, in transforming growth factor-beta 1-treated bone marrow-derived macrophages, and in THP-1-derived human macrophages (a human leukemic cell line).	Adenine	56-63	mitofusin 1	Mus musculus	0-4
35227692-4	2022	MFN1 and MFN2 were found to be suppressed in mice after adenine diet-induced chronic kidney disease, in transforming growth factor-beta 1-treated bone marrow-derived macrophages, and in THP-1-derived human macrophages (a human leukemic cell line).	Adenine	56-63	mitofusin 2	Mus musculus	9-13
35227692-6	2022	Myeloid-specific Mfn1 /Mfn2 double knockout mice also showed increased adenine-induced fibrosis.	Adenine	71-78	mitofusin 1	Mus musculus	17-21
35227692-6	2022	Myeloid-specific Mfn1 /Mfn2 double knockout mice also showed increased adenine-induced fibrosis.	Adenine	71-78	mitofusin 2	Mus musculus	23-27
35466439-1	2022	A series of 9H-purin-6-amine derivatives as aldose reductase (ALR) inhibitors were designed and synthesized.	Adenine	12-28	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B	Homo sapiens	44-60
35466439-1	2022	A series of 9H-purin-6-amine derivatives as aldose reductase (ALR) inhibitors were designed and synthesized.	Adenine	12-28	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B	Homo sapiens	62-65
35466439-4	2022	The structure-activity relationship and molecular docking studies highlighted the importance of the carboxylic acid head group along with different halogen substituents on the C6 benzylamine side chain of the 9H-purin-6-amine scaffold for the construction of strong and selective ALR inhibitors.	Adenine	209-225	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B	Homo sapiens	280-283
35380695-1	2022	Zinc finger protein 36 like 2 (ZFP36L2) is an RNA-binding protein that destabilizes transcripts containing adenine-uridine rich elements (AREs).	Adenine	107-114	zinc finger protein 36, C3H type-like 2	Mus musculus	0-29
35380695-1	2022	Zinc finger protein 36 like 2 (ZFP36L2) is an RNA-binding protein that destabilizes transcripts containing adenine-uridine rich elements (AREs).	Adenine	107-114	zinc finger protein 36, C3H type-like 2	Mus musculus	31-38
35334088-4	2022	In the adenine diet-induced renal fibrosis mouse model, PAR2 expression was significantly increased in the renal tubule region.	Adenine	7-14	F2R like trypsin receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-60
35447931-4	2022	RNA sequencing analysis indicated that oxidative and inflammatory signaling were involved in adenine-induced kidney injury and cognitive dysfunction; furthermore, fucoidan inhibited oxidative stress via GSK3beta-Nrf2-HO-1 signaling and ameliorated inflammatory response through regulation of microglia/macrophage polarization in the kidney and hippocampus of CKD mice.	Adenine	93-100	glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha	Mus musculus	203-211
35447931-4	2022	RNA sequencing analysis indicated that oxidative and inflammatory signaling were involved in adenine-induced kidney injury and cognitive dysfunction; furthermore, fucoidan inhibited oxidative stress via GSK3beta-Nrf2-HO-1 signaling and ameliorated inflammatory response through regulation of microglia/macrophage polarization in the kidney and hippocampus of CKD mice.	Adenine	93-100	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	212-216
35383196-4	2022	Here, we show that in vivo correction of an Rpe65 mutation by adenine base editor (ABE) prolongs the survival of cones in an LCA mouse model.	Adenine	62-69	retinal pigment epithelium 65	Mus musculus	44-49
35409312-0	2022	Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor 5 (S1P5) Knockout Ameliorates Adenine-Induced Nephropathy.	Adenine	63-70	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 5	Mus musculus	36-40
35409312-8	2022	The S1P5 knockout mice had better renal function and showed less kidney damage, less proinflammatory cytokine release, and less fibrosis after 7 days and 14 days of an adenine-rich diet compared to wild-type mice.	Adenine	168-175	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 5	Mus musculus	4-8
35409312-9	2022	S1P5 knockout ameliorates tubular damage and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in a model of adenine-induced nephropathy in mice.	Adenine	87-94	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 5	Mus musculus	0-4
35152062-6	2022	Adenine 37c (MRS7608) and (N)-methanocarba 7-deaza-5"-ethyl ester 60 (MRS7343) were found to be potent stimulators of ABCG2 ATPase activity with EC50 values of 13.2 +- 1.7 and 13.2 +- 2.2 nM, respectively.	Adenine	0-7	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Homo sapiens	118-123
35297101-5	2022	Our analysis revealed that the adenine group of ATP frequently contacted the FUS-LC-core, and the phosphoric acid group of ATP was exposed to the external solvent, which promoted both hydration and solubilization of FUS.	Adenine	31-38	FUS RNA binding protein	Homo sapiens	77-80
35297101-5	2022	Our analysis revealed that the adenine group of ATP frequently contacted the FUS-LC-core, and the phosphoric acid group of ATP was exposed to the external solvent, which promoted both hydration and solubilization of FUS.	Adenine	31-38	FUS RNA binding protein	Homo sapiens	216-219
35334088-5	2022	Kidneys from PAR2-knockout mice were protected from adenine diet-induced renal fibrosis, kidney dysfunction, and inflammation.	Adenine	52-59	F2R like trypsin receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-17
35110539-8	2022	Molecular interrogation of adenine-stimulated PTEC revealed a significant reduction in the lipid repair enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and the significant increase in 4-HNE compared with untreated PTEC, supporting the concept of ferroptotic cell death.	Adenine	27-34	glutathione peroxidase 4	Homo sapiens	111-135
35080883-5	2022	X-ray structures of hCD73 with two inhibitors indicated a ribose ring conformational adaptation, and the benzyloxyimino group (E configuration) binds to the same region (between the C-terminal and N-terminal domains) as N4-benzyl groups in adenine inhibitors.	Adenine	240-247	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	20-25
35110539-8	2022	Molecular interrogation of adenine-stimulated PTEC revealed a significant reduction in the lipid repair enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and the significant increase in 4-HNE compared with untreated PTEC, supporting the concept of ferroptotic cell death.	Adenine	27-34	glutathione peroxidase 4	Homo sapiens	137-141
35110539-9	2022	Moreover, baicalein treatment inhibited ferroptosis in adenine-stimulated PTEC by selectively modulating the mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and thus, suppressing mitochondrial superoxide production and DNA damage.	Adenine	55-62	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	142-164
35110539-9	2022	Moreover, baicalein treatment inhibited ferroptosis in adenine-stimulated PTEC by selectively modulating the mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and thus, suppressing mitochondrial superoxide production and DNA damage.	Adenine	55-62	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	166-170
35007529-9	2022	Furthermore, a pi- pi stacking interaction between a key aromatic residue of Erm38 and a target adenine of the RNA substrate forms a critical interaction needed for methylation.	Adenine	96-103	23S rRNA (adenine(2058)-N(6))-methyltransferase Erm(38)	Mycolicibacterium smegmatis	77-82
35098839-1	2022	MutY homolog (MUTYH), an important protein in base excision repair (BER) system, excises adenine in the nascent strand opposite 8-oxoguanine in template DNA and restores G:C base-pair to maintain the fidelity of DNA replication.	Adenine	89-96	mutY DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	14-19
35073254-3	2022	Using a fusion protein between the heterochromatin protein Sir3 and the non-site-specific bacterial adenine methyltransferase M.EcoGII, we mapped sites of Sir3-chromatin interactions genome-wide using long-read Nanopore sequencing to detect adenines methylated by the fusion protein and by ChIP-seq to map the distribution of Sir3-M.EcoGII.	Adenine	241-249	chromatin-silencing protein SIR3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	59-63
35073254-3	2022	Using a fusion protein between the heterochromatin protein Sir3 and the non-site-specific bacterial adenine methyltransferase M.EcoGII, we mapped sites of Sir3-chromatin interactions genome-wide using long-read Nanopore sequencing to detect adenines methylated by the fusion protein and by ChIP-seq to map the distribution of Sir3-M.EcoGII.	Adenine	241-249	chromatin-silencing protein SIR3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	155-159
35386458-8	2022	DDR1 inhibition in mouse attenuated the acute injury or adenine diet-induced vascular stiffening and inflammation.	Adenine	56-63	discoidin domain receptor family, member 1	Mus musculus	0-4
35005526-4	2022	The enhanced infectivity of 614G variant was higher than that of 614D wildtype in the presence of antibodies, further suggesting that ADE may be influenced by virus strains with different ACE2 binding affinity.	Adenine	134-137	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	188-192
35005526-5	2022	Finally, knockdown of ACE2 or treatment with a fusion-inhibition peptide EK1C4 significantly reduced ADE.	Adenine	101-104	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	22-26
34717044-3	2022	Our studies involving a library of quinolones which vary in substitution pattern at N1, C3, C6 and C7 positions have shown that the presence of adenine moiety at C7 can bring a noticeable improvement in activity compared to other heterocyclic groups at this location.	Adenine	144-151	complement C3	Homo sapiens	88-101
34752422-5	2022	Hindlimb ischemia in adenine-induced CKD and IS solute-specific mice models showed diminished beta-catenin and VEGF-A in the capillaries and reduced capillary density, which correlated inversely with blood levels of IS and Kyn and AHR activity in ECs.	Adenine	21-28	catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1	Mus musculus	94-106
35013155-12	2022	In vivo, adenine-fed and UUO mice models showed suppression of PGC-1alpha and TNFAIP3 and dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics.	Adenine	9-16	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	63-73
35013155-12	2022	In vivo, adenine-fed and UUO mice models showed suppression of PGC-1alpha and TNFAIP3 and dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics.	Adenine	9-16	tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 3	Mus musculus	78-85
34752422-5	2022	Hindlimb ischemia in adenine-induced CKD and IS solute-specific mice models showed diminished beta-catenin and VEGF-A in the capillaries and reduced capillary density, which correlated inversely with blood levels of IS and Kyn and AHR activity in ECs.	Adenine	21-28	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	111-117
34752422-5	2022	Hindlimb ischemia in adenine-induced CKD and IS solute-specific mice models showed diminished beta-catenin and VEGF-A in the capillaries and reduced capillary density, which correlated inversely with blood levels of IS and Kyn and AHR activity in ECs.	Adenine	21-28	aryl-hydrocarbon receptor	Mus musculus	231-234
34997407-10	2022	Subsequently, an ABE system was designed for single adenine editing of the conservative splice acceptor site (AG sequence at the 3" end of the intron 5) and splice donor site (GT sequence at the 5" end of the intron 6) in the porcine gene GHR; this method achieved highly efficient A-to-G conversion at the cellular level.	Adenine	52-59	growth hormone receptor	Sus scrofa	239-242
34261819-4	2022	In this study, we observed overexpression of hexokinase-2 (HK2) in serum samples of CKD patients and MSCs harvested from an adenine-fed CKD mouse model (CKD-mMSCs).	Adenine	124-131	hexokinase 2	Homo sapiens	45-57